Unit 5 Great inventions 一般过去时的被动语态（单元核心语法精练）英语新教材冀教版八年级下册

Unit 5 Great inventions 核心语法精练（一般过去时的被动语态） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单项选择 7 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 3 三、完成句子 4 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一 语法填空 11 题型二 阅读理解 12 一般过去时的被动语态句子结构 肯定句 主语+was/were+过去分词 Jim was told to come early.吉姆被告知早来。 否定句 主语+was/were+not+过去分词 The rice was eaten by the boy this noon.米饭中午被这个男孩吃了。 一般疑问句 was/were+主语+过去分词 Were you asked to go home on time?你被要求按时回家了吗？ 【易错提醒】 动词在被动语态中还原to的口诀： 一感二听三让五看 一感：feel 二听：hear、listen to 三让：make、let、have 五看：see、watch、look at、observe、notice 一、单项选择 1．The computer has influenced people’s lives a lot since it ________. A．invents B．is invented C．invented D．was invented 2．The Canadian NBA star Alexander ________ the Most Valuable Player in 2025. A．named B．has named C．was named 3．—Ninggu Expressway (宁古高速) _________ into use on December 6, 2025. —Yes. It has provided great convenience for the people of both places. A．was put B．has been put C．will be put 4．—Have all the students known that we will have an English exam this Saturday? —Yes. Every student ________ about it. A．tells B．told C．was told D．should tell 5．The bookstore ________ in 1980 and it has become a cinema in recent years. A．built B．was built C．is built 6．—I heard something unlucky happened to you yesterday. —Yes. My door ________ and I couldn’t get into the house. A．is locked B．was locked C．has locked D．locks 7．—Did you come to Jim’s birthday party, Mike? —No, because I ________. A．didn’t invite B．wasn’t invited C．isn’t invited D．doesn’t invite 8．—Why hasn’t Tony come? —The invitation letter ________ to Toby by accident. A．was emailed B．has emailed C．is emailed D．emailed 9．My advice on how to save paper ______ by my class last week. A．accepted B．was accepted C．is accepted 10．—Do you see my model spaceship, Mum? —It ________ away by your sister just now. A．is taken B．was taken C．will take 11．— Many accidents ________ by careless drivers last year. —Oh, that’s terrible. We must follow the traffic rules. A．are caused B．were caused C．have caused 12．This book ________ to a student, so you won’t get it until it is returned. A．lent B．is lent C．was lent 13．The more fruit they picked, the more money they ________. A．paid B．were paid C．had paid D．pay 14．Shenzhou-21 ________ into space on 31st October, 2025. A．sent B．is sent C．was sent 15．Emma got excited when her composition ________ as a model in class. A．read B．is read C．was read 16．The 2024 Jiangsu Urban Football Super League ________ live on local TV stations last weekend. A．covered B．was covered C．is covered D．covers 17．This English story ________ by our teacher in class yesterday. It helped us understand the new words. A．told B．was told C．is told 18．The People’s Republic of China ________ on 1st October 1949. A．is found B．found C．founded D．was founded 19．—Was the old man’s house on fire last night? —Yes. Luckily, the old man ________ in time and now he is fine. A．is saved B．will save C．was saved D．has saved 20．—Shenzhou-19 ______ into space on October 30th, 2024. —Wang Haoze is the only female engineer who was sent to space in China. A．will be sent B．was sent C．is sent 二、用单词正确形式填空 21．Basketball (invent) by a Canadian doctor named James Naismith in 1891. 22．I (tell) to go to Australia as an exchange student this morning. 23．To play the game, the students (divide) into four groups yesterday. 24．Silk (bring) to Western countries thousands of years ago. 25．Last week, our project (praise) by our teacher for its creativity, but she found a mistake. 26．Last year the scientist’s report (translate) into several languages for researchers around the world. 27．Several years ago, a new law (pass) in China to stop people from smoking in public places. 28．The soldier (call) a hero because of his great action. 29．The People’s Republic of China was (found) on the first of October 1949. 30．The storybooks (write) by the writer in the 1960s. 三、完成句子 31．He put his watch on his classmate’s desk by mistake. (改为被动语态) His watch on his classmate’s desk by him by mistake. 32．在那位出租车司机的帮助下，受伤的男孩被及时送往了医院。 With the help of the taxi driver, the injured boy to the hospital in time. 33．The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome. (改为被动语态) The foreign guests a warm welcome by the children. 34．2025年9月3日，北京天安门广场举行了盛大的阅兵式。 A massive military parade at Tian’ anmen Square in Beijing on Sept. 3, 2025. 35．Bell invented the telephone. (改为被动语态) The telephone by Bell. 36．我看见他朝海滩跑去。 He running towards the beach by me. 37．约翰尼给了汤姆两个玩具士兵。 Two toy soldiers to Tom by Johnny. 38．人们最早在中美洲和南美洲种植西红柿。 Tomatoes first in Central and South America. 39．波罗在书中讲述了许多奇妙的事情。 Many amazing things of in his book by Polo. 40．They built the house in 1990. (变为被动语态) The house by them in 1990. 题型一 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 As China grows stronger and stronger, more and more foreign people have started to learn Chinese. However, most of them find it difficult 1 (learn) Chinese. The problem 2 (catch) the attention of a famous AI company (人工智能公司) in China these years. To help foreigners learn Chinese, it has developed 3 smartphone app called iFLY Chinese. With the help of AI-based voice 4 (technology), the app users can learn Chinese 5 (wise) and quickly. When users speak into the app in their own languages, the app can turn the voice messages 6 Chinese. When they read sentences in Chinese, it 7 (give) them feedback (反馈). It can also correct (纠正) 8 (they) mistakes in their pronunciation and grammar. Finally, it will provide word cards for them to practice and review. With the help of the app, many people have the ability to speak 9 use Chinese. Henry is one of them. He was born in Australia. He 10 (start) to learn Chinese two years ago. He 11 (make) great progress since he started to use the app. Now he can have conversations 12 his friends. The app has been very popular in foreign countries since its 13 (develop). Now it is being used by hundreds of 14 (thousand) of people. They are in 15 (many) than one hundred countries. How quickly the number of its users has increased! 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 What do you usually do 1 waste in your daily life? Someone has found a good use for waste. There is a yellow car. It just 2 (look) like the other cars we see in the street. If you watch it 3 (careful), you 4 (find) it’s kind of special, 5 it’s a car made out of waste. Twenty-two students made this car by working 6 (close) with each other. Some of them drew plans, some tried to make 7 (model) and others picked different materials. 8 example, the car’s body is made of old TVs and toys. A part of 9 (it) seat is made of coconut shells (椰子壳). After 18 10 (month) hard work, they 11 (make) this car. Can it run on the road? Of course, it can run fast. Its top speed is 90 km per hour. Look! It 12 (move) at high speed! Besides, it can also run for a long time. What 13 nice car! “We feel 14 (excite). We want to show that the waste can be used. We can make our country 15 (clean) and greener in this way,” said one of the students. 题型二 阅读理解 ①In the near future, we may be able to taste food and drinks “online” before buying them. A new tool developed by scientists in the US makes it possible for people to share tastes on the Internet. ②When we eat or drink, our teeth and tongues (舌头) break the food into little pieces. During this process (过程), tiny molecules (分子) come out of these pieces. The taste buds (味蕾) on our tongues catch these molecules, and “tell” the brain (大脑) about them. The brain then knows what flavours (味道) we’re tasting. ③The “e-Taste” tool has two main parts. The first part works like our tongues. It looks for five special things in food or drinks. These things give different flavours. After collecting the information, the first part can send it to the second part of the tool. The second part then mixes the five things with water to make drinks. Then people can taste these flavours by trying the drinks. According to a study, the “e-Taste” tool works even when its two parts are over 500 kilometers apart. ④Scientists believe that the “e-Taste” tool can be used in many ways in the coming years. For example, it can help make online classes and gaming experiences more interesting. 1．What can we infer about how the “e-Taste” tool works? A．It follows the way human tongues sense and brains know flavours. B．It follows the way human teeth break food into pieces. C．It only uses physical lines to send flavour information. D．It makes real food molecules without the help of water. 2．What are the uses of the two main parts of the “e-Taste” tool? A．The first part mixes flavours with water; the second part collects information. B．The first part acts like tongues to find the flavour components; the second part makes drinks for tasting. C．The first part sends messages to the brain; the second part breaks food into molecules. D．The first part tests online classes; the second part improves gaming experiences. 3．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A．B．C． D． 4．What is a possible use of the “e-Taste” tool in the future according to the last paragraph? A．It can make food and drinks more expensive. B．It can make online cooking classes more interesting and fun. C．It can replace the tool of human tongues totally. D．It can help people know the taste in faraway places. Robots are changing the way of our life. They are playing a more and more important role in our daily life. Here are some home robots. DeeBot DeeBot can help clean the room. It can clean all the floors and even can go under the desks, beds, chairs, etc. You can also set work time for DeeBot and it will start working on time. Connectr This robot helps you stay close to your family and pets when you are not at home. You can control it to see the house and even play games with your family or pets. It can even teach your children English like a teacher. Clocky If your alarm clock can’t make you get up in the morning, you may need a Clocky. When the alarm clock goes off, Clocky starts beeping. Then you can set it to snooze. But minutes later, it starts beeping again. It won’t stop beeping until you get up and turn it off. 1．Which can help you play with pets? A．DeeBot. B．Connectr. C．Clocky. D．A, B and C． 2．What can we learn about from the passage? A．Connectr helps us clean the room. B．We can set work time for DeeBot. C．Robots can make our life difficult. D．Clocky can help us get on well with our family. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．DeeBot is a good household helper and it can start working by itself. B．Connectr can help you look after your family and pets when you are out. C．If you are always late for class or work, you should buy a Clocky. D．Home robots will go into every home in the future. 4．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．Three kinds of helpful robots. B．Robots that can help us do housework. C．The importance of robots in our life. D．How robots make our life easy. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Great inventions 核心语法精练（一般过去时的被动语态） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单项选择 7 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 3 三、完成句子 4 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一 语法填空 11 题型二 阅读理解 12 一般过去时的被动语态句子结构 肯定句 主语+was/were+过去分词 Jim was told to come early.吉姆被告知早来。 否定句 主语+was/were+not+过去分词 The rice was eaten by the boy this noon.米饭中午被这个男孩吃了。 一般疑问句 was/were+主语+过去分词 Were you asked to go home on time?你被要求按时回家了吗？ 【易错提醒】 动词在被动语态中还原to的口诀： 一感二听三让五看 一感：feel 二听：hear、listen to 三让：make、let、have 五看：see、watch、look at、observe、notice 一、单项选择 1．The computer has influenced people’s lives a lot since it ________. A．invents B．is invented C．invented D．was invented 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自从电脑被发明以来，它极大地影响了人们的生活。 考查动词时态和语态。根据“The computer has influenced people’s lives a lot since it...”可知，since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时；且主语it（指代电脑）和谓语动词invent之间是被动关系，表示“被发明”，所以用一般过去时的被动语态was invented。故选D。 2．The Canadian NBA star Alexander ________ the Most Valuable Player in 2025. A．named B．has named C．was named 【答案】C 【详解】句意：加拿大NBA球星Alexander在2025年被命名为最有价值球员。 考查被动语态。主语Alexander是动作的接受者（被命名），而非执行者，需用被动语态；时间状语“in 2025”表示过去时间，故用一般过去时的被动语态was named。故选C。 3．—Ninggu Expressway (宁古高速) _________ into use on December 6, 2025. —Yes. It has provided great convenience for the people of both places. A．was put B．has been put C．will be put 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——宁古高速于2025年12月6日投入使用。——是的。它已经为两地人民提供了巨大便利。 考查动词时态。was put一般过去时，被动语态；has been put现在完成时，被动语态；will be put一般将来时，被动语态。根据时间状语“on December 6, 2025”表示过去时间，需用一般过去时，且宁古高速与投入使用之间是被动关系。故选A。 4．—Have all the students known that we will have an English exam this Saturday? —Yes. Every student ________ about it. A．tells B．told C．was told D．should tell 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——所有的学生都知道我们这周六有一场英语考试了吗？——是的。每个学生都被告知了这个消息。 考查动词时态和语态。根据“Every student”可知，学生们是“被告知”考试消息，应该用被动形式，且根据“Have all the students known...”可知，学生们已经知道考试消息，即被告知这个动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态“was told”。故选C。 5．The bookstore ________ in 1980 and it has become a cinema in recent years. A．built B．was built C．is built 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这家书店建于1980年，近年来它变成了一家电影院。 考查动词的语态和时态。built建造（动词过去式或过去分词）；was built被建造（一般过去时的被动语态）；is built被建造（一般现在时的被动语态）。根据“The bookstore...in 1980”可知，书店是被建造的，且时间在1980年，要用一般过去时的被动语态，故选B。 6．—I heard something unlucky happened to you yesterday. —Yes. My door ________ and I couldn’t get into the house. A．is locked B．was locked C．has locked D．locks 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我听说昨天你遇到了一些不幸的事。——是的。我的门被锁了，我进不了房子。 考查动词的时态和语态。根据“yesterday”可知，事情发生在昨天，所以应该用一般过去时；又因为主语“My door”和谓语动词“lock”之间是被动关系，表示“门被锁”，所以应该用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 7．—Did you come to Jim’s birthday party, Mike? —No, because I ________. A．didn’t invite B．wasn’t invited C．isn’t invited D．doesn’t invite 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你参加了Jim的生日派对吗，Mike？——没有，因为我没有被邀请。 考查时态和语态。根据“Did you come to Jim’s birthday party, Mike?”可知，询问过去事件，且“I”是“邀请”动作的承受者，应使用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were done”。故选B。 8．—Why hasn’t Tony come? —The invitation letter ________ to Toby by accident. A．was emailed B．has emailed C．is emailed D．emailed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——Tony为什么还没来？——邀请函不小心发送给Toby了。 考查被动语态。根据上下文“Why hasn’t Tony come?”可知，Tony未到是因为过去发生的错误事件，主语“the invitation letter”是动作的承受者，需用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选A。 9．My advice on how to save paper ______ by my class last week. A．accepted B．was accepted C．is accepted 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我关于如何节约纸张的建议在上周被我的班级接受了。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“last week”可知，时态为一般过去时；根据“by my class”可知，句子需用被动语态，因此需用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done，主语My advice为不可数名词，需用was，故was accepted符合题意。故选B。 10．—Do you see my model spaceship, Mum? —It ________ away by your sister just now. A．is taken B．was taken C．will take 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你看到我的模型宇宙飞船了吗，妈妈？——刚才被你妹妹拿走了。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“by your sister”可知，句子需用被动语态；根据时间状语“just now”可知，动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时。take away“拿走”，一般过去时的被动语态为was taken away。故选B。 11．— Many accidents ________ by careless drivers last year. —Oh, that’s terrible. We must follow the traffic rules. A．are caused B．were caused C．have caused 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——去年许多事故是由粗心的司机造成的。——哦，那太糟糕了。我们必须遵守交通规则。 考查动词的时态和语态。根据“last year”可知，句子时态为一般过去时；又因为主语“Many accidents”和谓语动词“cause”之间存在被动关系，即事故是被司机造成的，所以此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+动词的过去分词”，主语“Many accidents”为复数，be动词用were，cause的过去分词是caused。故选B。 12．This book ________ to a student, so you won’t get it until it is returned. A．lent B．is lent C．was lent 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这本书被借给了一个学生，所以你要等到它被归还才能拿到。 考查被动语态及时态辨析。lent借出，主动语态，一般过去时；is lent被借出，被动语态，一般现在时；was lent被借出，被动语态，一般过去时。句子主语“This book”与动词“lend”之间为被动关系，需用被动语态。根据后半句“so you won’t get it until it is returned”可知，书目前已被借出，借出动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 13．The more fruit they picked, the more money they ________. A．paid B．were paid C．had paid D．pay 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他们摘的水果越多，他们赚的钱就越多。 考查被动语态。paid，支付，主动语态；were paid，被支付，被动语态；had paid，已经支付，过去完成时，主动语态；pay，支付，主动语态。根据句意，主语“they”是动作的承受者，表示“他们获得报酬”，因此需用被动语态。被动语态符合“摘水果获得报酬”的逻辑。故选B。 14．Shenzhou-21 ________ into space on 31st October, 2025. A．sent B．is sent C．was sent 【答案】C 【详解】句意：神舟二十一号于2025年10月31日被发射进入太空。 考查动词时态及语态。主语“Shenzhou-21”与动词send之间是动宾关系，根据时间状语“on 31st October, 2025”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态was sent。故选C。 15．Emma got excited when her composition ________ as a model in class. A．read B．is read C．was read 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当艾玛的作文在课堂上被当作范文朗读时，她很激动。 考查动词时态和语态。主语“her composition”是动作“read”的承受者，需用被动语态；根据主句“got excited”可知，事情发生在过去，因此用一般过去时的被动语态“was read”。故选C。 16．The 2024 Jiangsu Urban Football Super League ________ live on local TV stations last weekend. A．covered B．was covered C．is covered D．covers 【答案】B 【详解】句意：2024年江苏城市足球超级联赛上周末在地方电视台现场直播。 考查时态和语态。根据时间状语“last weekend”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时；主语“联赛”与“直播”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态结构was/were+动词过去分词。故选B。 17．This English story ________ by our teacher in class yesterday. It helped us understand the new words. A．told B．was told C．is told 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天老师在课堂上讲了这个英语故事。它帮助我们理解新单词。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。told告诉，一般过去时；was told一般过去时的被动语态；is told一般现在时的被动语态。根据时间状语“yesterday”和主语“story”可知，此处需用一般过去时的被动语态（was/were + 过去分词），强调“故事被讲述”。故选B。 18．The People’s Republic of China ________ on 1st October 1949. A．is found B．found C．founded D．was founded 【答案】D 【详解】句意：中华人民共和国成立于1949年10月1日。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据下文“on 1st October 1949”可知，此事发生在过去，故应用一般过去时，且新中国是被建立的，故应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。 19．—Was the old man’s house on fire last night? —Yes. Luckily, the old man ________ in time and now he is fine. A．is saved B．will save C．was saved D．has saved 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这老人的房子昨晚着火了吗？——是的。幸运的是，这老人被及时地救出来了，现在他很好。 考查被动语态。根据“Was the old man’s house on fire last night?”可知询问昨晚是否着火，因此回答是昨晚的情况，应用一般过去时，且老人是被救，因此用被动语态。故选C。 20．—Shenzhou-19 ______ into space on October 30th, 2024. —Wang Haoze is the only female engineer who was sent to space in China. A．will be sent B．was sent C．is sent 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——神舟19号于2024年10月30日被送入太空。——王浩泽是中国唯一被送入太空的女工程师。 考查时态和语态。will be sent一般将来时的被动语态；was sent一般过去时的被动语态；is sent一般现在时的被动语态。根据时间状语“on October 30th, 2024”可知，句子描述的是过去的事情，应该用一般过去时，且主语“Shenzhou-19”与动词“send”之间是被动关系，表示“被送入太空”，所以应该用一般过去时的被动语态was sent。故选B。 二、用单词正确形式填空 21．Basketball (invent) by a Canadian doctor named James Naismith in 1891. 【答案】was invented 【详解】句意：篮球是由一位名叫詹姆斯·奈史密斯的加拿大医生于1891年发明的。根据“in 1891”可知，句子为一般过去时，由于主语为Basketball，与动词invent之间是被动关系，需用被动语态。即此处需填入一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were+动词的过去分词，主语Basketball为单数，因此用was，过去分词为invented，故填was invented。 22．I (tell) to go to Australia as an exchange student this morning. 【答案】was told 【详解】句意：今天早上我被告知将作为交换生前往澳大利亚。分析题干可知，主语I和动词tell之间是被动关系，即“我被告知”，结合“this morning”可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是I，be动词用was。故填was told。 23．To play the game, the students (divide) into four groups yesterday. 【答案】were divided 【详解】句意：为了玩这个游戏，昨天学生们被分成四组。分析句子可知，主语“the students”和动词divide存在被动关系，再结合语境判断，“学生被分成四组”是过去发生的事情，故此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were done；主语“the students”，be动词用were。故填were divided。 24．Silk (bring) to Western countries thousands of years ago. 【答案】was brought 【详解】句意：几千年前丝绸被带到了西方国家。bring“带来”，主语Silk和动词bring之间是被动关系，表示丝绸被带到西方国家，要用被动语态，其结构为“be+过去分词”；根据“thousands of years ago”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，主语Silk是不可数名词，be动词用was，bring的过去分词是brought。故填was brought。 25．Last week, our project (praise) by our teacher for its creativity, but she found a mistake. 【答案】was praised 【详解】句意：上周，我们的项目因其创意受到了老师的表扬，但她发现了一个错误。praise“表扬”，动词。由时间状语“Last week”可知，句子应用一般过去时；主语“our project”是动作的承受者，应用被动语态，结构为“was/were+过去分词”。主语为单数，故填was praised。 26．Last year the scientist’s report (translate) into several languages for researchers around the world. 【答案】was translated 【详解】句意：去年，这位科学家的报告被翻译成多种语言，供全球研究人员使用。根据“Last year the scientist’s report...”可知空格处缺少谓语，主语“the scientist’s report”与动词“translate”之间是被动关系（报告被翻译），且时间状语“last year”表明动作发生在过去，需用“was + 过去分词”构成被动语态。故填was translated。 27．Several years ago, a new law (pass) in China to stop people from smoking in public places. 【答案】was passed 【详解】句意：几年前，中国通过了一项新法律，禁止人们在公共场所吸烟。根据“Several years ago”可知，句子时态为一般过去时；分析句子结构可知，主语“a new law”与动词“pass”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态，其结构为“was/were+动词的过去分词”，主语为单数，be动词用was，pass的过去分词为passed。故填was passed。 28．The soldier (call) a hero because of his great action. 【答案】was called 【详解】句意：这名士兵因其英勇行为被称为英雄。根据“The soldier...a hero because of his great action.”可知，主语“The soldier”与动词“call”之间是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were done”。主语“The soldier”是第三人称单数，be动词用was，call的过去分词是called。故填was called。 29．The People’s Republic of China was (found) on the first of October 1949. 【答案】founded 【详解】句意：中华人民共和国在1949年十月一日建立。根据“The People’s Republic of China”和“found”可知，主语和谓语动词之间为被动关系，需要用被动语态形式表示被建立。被动语态结构为be+动词过去分词，空前已有was，所以此处需要将found变为过去分词founded。故填founded。 30．The storybooks (write) by the writer in the 1960s. 【答案】were written 【详解】句意：这些故事书是由作者在20世纪60年代写的。根据“The storybooks…by the writer in the 1960s.”及提示词可知，句子时态为一般过去时，并且表达故事书被作者写，因此应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were done”，主语“The storybooks”为复数，因此be动词应用were，write“写”，动词，过去分词为written。故填were written。 三、完成句子 31．He put his watch on his classmate’s desk by mistake. (改为被动语态) His watch on his classmate’s desk by him by mistake. 【答案】 was put 【详解】句意：他错误地把手表放在了同学的桌子上。根据上句可知，改为被动语态时，空白处表示“被放在”，放“put”，动词；被动语态构成为“be done”，原句“put”为一般过去时，此句用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为“was/were done”，主语“His watch”为第三人称单数，用was构成语态。故填was；put。 32．在那位出租车司机的帮助下，受伤的男孩被及时送往了医院。 With the help of the taxi driver, the injured boy to the hospital in time. 【答案】 was sent 【详解】根据所给汉语意思可知，空缺处应该填的是“被送往”，句子主语“the injured boy”和动词“送”之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，由“in time”可知，时态是一般过去时，一般过去时的被动语态构成：主语+was/were+动词过去分词，主语“the injured boy”是第三人称单数，be动词用was，“送”的英文是send，过去分词是sent，故填was；sent。 33．The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome. (改为被动语态) The foreign guests a warm welcome by the children. 【答案】 were given 【详解】句意：孩子们对外国客人表示了热烈的欢迎。原句为一般过去时，改为被动语态时，主语The foreign guests是复数，助动词用were，谓语动词gave改为过去分词given。故填were；given。 34．2025年9月3日，北京天安门广场举行了盛大的阅兵式。 A massive military parade at Tian’ anmen Square in Beijing on Sept. 3, 2025. 【答案】was held 【详解】根据中英文提示可知，此处表达“举行”，主语“A massive military parade”和“举行”是被动关系，且时间是“2025年9月3日”，要用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were + 过去分词”；主语是单数，所以用was，“举行”的过去分词是held。故填was held。 35．Bell invented the telephone. (改为被动语态) The telephone by Bell. 【答案】 was invented 【详解】句意：贝尔发明了电话。根据“The telephone…by Bell.”及改写要求可知，句子时态为一般过去时，改为被动语态时，应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were done”，主语“The telephone”为第三人称单数，因此be动词应用was；invent“发明”，动词，过去分词为invented。故填was；invented。 36．我看见他朝海滩跑去。 He running towards the beach by me. 【答案】 was seen 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处需表达“被我看见”的含义，“看见某人正在做某事”是see sb. doing sth.，英文句子中主语为He，需用被动语态，结构为be+过去分词；原句描述的是过去发生的动作，主语是第三人称单数，be动词用was，see的过去分词为seen。故填was；seen。 37．约翰尼给了汤姆两个玩具士兵。 Two toy soldiers to Tom by Johnny. 【答案】 were given 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，句中缺少“给”的英文内容，主语是“Two toy soldiers”，此处应该使用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were+动词过去分词”，主语“Two toy soldiers”是复数，be动词用were；“给”的过去分词是given。故填were；given。 38．人们最早在中美洲和南美洲种植西红柿。 Tomatoes first in Central and South America. 【答案】 were planted/grown 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“(被)种植”。plant/grow“种植”，are planted/grown“(被)种植”，根据“Tomatoes...first...in Central and South America.”可知，本句为一般过去时态，应用一般过去时态的被动语态。故填were；planted/grown。 39．波罗在书中讲述了许多奇妙的事情。 Many amazing things of in his book by Polo. 【答案】 were told 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，句中缺少“讲述”的英文内容，此处指“奇妙的事情”是在书中“被讲述”，时态为一般过去时，应用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were+过去分词”。Many amazing things是复数，be动词用were，tell的过去分词是told。故填were；told。 40．They built the house in 1990. (变为被动语态) The house by them in 1990. 【答案】 was built 【详解】句意：他们于1990年建造了这所房子。变为被动语态，其结构为“主语（原宾语）+ be动词 + 实义动词的过去分词 + by + 原主语”。原句时态为一般过去时，被动语态中be动词需与新主语“The house”保持一致，用was；实义动词build的过去分词为built。故填was；built。 题型一 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 As China grows stronger and stronger, more and more foreign people have started to learn Chinese. However, most of them find it difficult 1 (learn) Chinese. The problem 2 (catch) the attention of a famous AI company (人工智能公司) in China these years. To help foreigners learn Chinese, it has developed 3 smartphone app called iFLY Chinese. With the help of AI-based voice 4 (technology), the app users can learn Chinese 5 (wise) and quickly. When users speak into the app in their own languages, the app can turn the voice messages 6 Chinese. When they read sentences in Chinese, it 7 (give) them feedback (反馈). It can also correct (纠正) 8 (they) mistakes in their pronunciation and grammar. Finally, it will provide word cards for them to practice and review. With the help of the app, many people have the ability to speak 9 use Chinese. Henry is one of them. He was born in Australia. He 10 (start) to learn Chinese two years ago. He 11 (make) great progress since he started to use the app. Now he can have conversations 12 his friends. The app has been very popular in foreign countries since its 13 (develop). Now it is being used by hundreds of 14 (thousand) of people. They are in 15 (many) than one hundred countries. How quickly the number of its users has increased! 【答案】 1．to learn 2．has caught 3．a 4．technologies 5．wisely 6．into 7．will give 8．their 9．and 10．started 11．has made 12．with 13．development 14．thousands 15．more 【导语】本文主要讲述了随着中国越来越强大，越来越多的外国人开始学习汉语。为了帮助外国人学汉语，一家中国著名的AI公司开发了一款名为iFLY Chinese的智能手机应用程序。 1．句意：然而，他们中的大多数人发现汉语很难学。根据“However, most of them find it difficult…(learn) Chinese.”可知，句中it是形式宾语，所以空处用动词不定式作真正的宾语。故填to learn。 2．句意：近年来，这个问题引起了中国一家著名人工智能公司的注意。根据“The problem…(catch) the attention of a famous AI company (人工智能公司) in China these years.”可知，此处时态为现在完成时，其结构为have/has done，主语为三单形式，助动词用has，catch的过去分词为caught。故填has caught。 3．句意：为了帮助外国人学习汉语，它开发了一款名为iFLY Chinese的智能手机应用程序。根据“To help foreigners learn Chinese, it has developed…smartphone app called iFLY Chinese.”可知，此处是指一个手机app，且smartphone是以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 4．句意：在基于人工智能的语音技术的帮助下，该应用程序的用户可以明智而快速地学习中文。根据“With the help of AI-based voice…(technology), the app users can learn Chinese…(wise) and quickly.”可知，此处泛指在语音技术的帮助下，应用technology“技术”的复数形式。故填technologies。 5．句意：在基于人工智能的语音技术的帮助下，该应用程序的用户可以明智而快速地学习中文。根据“With the help of AI-based voice…(technology), the app users can learn Chinese…(wise) and quickly.”可知，空处修饰动词learn，所以用wise的副词形式wisely“明智地”。故填wisely。 6．句意：当用户用自己的语言对着应用说话时，该应用可以将语音信息转换成中文。根据“When users speak into the app in their own languages, the app can turn the voice messages…Chinese.”可知，此处为固定短语turn into“转化”。故填into。 7．句意：当他们读中文句子时，它会给他们反馈。根据“When they read sentences in Chinese, it…(give) them feedback (反馈).”可知，此处为when引导的时间状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”原则，主句为一般将来时，其结构为will do。故填will give。 8．句意：它还可以纠正他们的发音和语法错误。根据“It can also correct (纠正)…(they) mistakes in their pronunciation and grammar.”可知，空处作定语修饰名词mistakes，所以应用they的形容词性物主代词their表示“他们的”。故填their。 9．句意：在这款应用的帮助下，许多人都能说汉语并使用汉语。根据“With the help of the app, many people have the ability to speak…use Chinese.”可知，动词“speak”和“use”之间是并列关系，所以用并列连词and连接。故填and。 10．句意：他两年前开始学中文。根据“He…(start) to learn Chinese two years ago.”可知，此处时态为一般过去时，应用动词start的过去式started“开始”。故填started。 11．句意：自从他开始使用这个应用程序以来，他已经取得了很大的进步。根据“He…(make) great progress since he started to use the app.”可知，空处时态用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done，主语是he，所以助动词用has，make的过去分词为made。故填has made。 12．句意：现在他可以和他的朋友聊天了。根据“Now he can have conversations…his friends.”可知，have conversations with sb“和某人聊天”，为固定短语。故填with。 13．句意：自开发以来，这款应用在国外非常受欢迎。根据“The app has been very popular in foreign countries since its…(develop).”可知，空前为形容词性物主代词，此处应用develop的名词形式development表示“开发”。故填development。 14．句意：现在它被成千上万的人使用。根据“Now it is being used by hundreds of…(thousand) of people.”可知，此处为固定表达hundreds of thousands of表示“成千上万的”。故填thousands。 15．句意：他们分布在一百多个国家。根据“They are in…(many) than one hundred countries.”可知，此处是固定短语more than“超过，多于”。故填more。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 What do you usually do 1 waste in your daily life? Someone has found a good use for waste. There is a yellow car. It just 2 (look) like the other cars we see in the street. If you watch it 3 (careful), you 4 (find) it’s kind of special, 5 it’s a car made out of waste. Twenty-two students made this car by working 6 (close) with each other. Some of them drew plans, some tried to make 7 (model) and others picked different materials. 8 example, the car’s body is made of old TVs and toys. A part of 9 (it) seat is made of coconut shells (椰子壳). After 18 10 (month) hard work, they 11 (make) this car. Can it run on the road? Of course, it can run fast. Its top speed is 90 km per hour. Look! It 12 (move) at high speed! Besides, it can also run for a long time. What 13 nice car! “We feel 14 (excite). We want to show that the waste can be used. We can make our country 15 (clean) and greener in this way,” said one of the students. 【答案】 1．with 2．looks 3．carefully 4．will find 5．because 6．closely 7．models 8．For 9．its 10．months’ 11．made 12．is moving 13．a 14．excited 15．cleaner 【导语】本文主要讲述了22名学生用废弃物制作了一辆特别的汽车的事情。 1．句意：在生活中你通常如何处理垃圾呢？do with“处理”，固定短语。故填with。 2．句意：它看起来就像我们在街上看到的其他汽车一样。本句为主语是第三人称单数的一般现在时，动词用三单。故填looks。 3．句意：如果你仔细观察它，你会发现它有点特别，因为它是一辆用废弃物制成的汽车。设空处在句中修饰动词watch，因此需填写提示词的副词carefully“仔细地”，作状语。故填carefully。 4．句意：如果你仔细观察它，你会发现它有点特别，因为它是一辆用废弃物制成的汽车。本句为if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，所以此处用一般将来时“will do”结构表达。故填will find。 5．句意：如果你仔细观察它，你会发现它有点特别，因为它是一辆用废弃物制成的汽车。“it’s a car made out of waste”与“it’s kind of special”构成因果关系，设空处后为原因，所以此处填写because“因为”，连词。故填because。 6．句意：二十二名学生通过彼此紧密合作制造了这辆车。设空处修饰working，应填写提示词的副词形式closely“紧密地”，作状语。故填closely。 7．句意：他们中的一些人制定了计划，一些人试图制作模型，其他人选择不同的材料。model“模型”，可数名词，此处填写其复数形式表泛指。故填models。 8．句意：例如，这辆汽车的车身是由旧电视和玩具制成的。for example“例如”，固定短语，句首首字母大写。故填For。 9．句意：座椅的一部分是由椰子壳做的。此处表示汽车的座椅，即“它的”，所以填写it的形容词性物主代词作定语。故填its。 10．句意：在18个月的努力工作后，他们造出了这辆车。设空处修饰“hard work”，且其前限定词为18，所以此处填写month的复数形式所有格。故填months’。 11．句意：在18个月的努力工作后，他们造出了这辆车。本句讲述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时表达，动词用过去式。故填made。 12．句意：它正在高速行驶。根据Look可知，本句时态为现在进行时“be doing”结构，主语为it，be动词用is。故填is moving。 13．句意：多么好的一辆车啊！本句为what引导的感叹句，中心词为单数可数名词car，且nice为辅音音素开头的单词，所以此处填写不定冠词a。故填a。 14．句意：我们感到很兴奋。设空处在句中作表语，修饰人，所以填写提示词的形容词excited“兴奋的；激动的”。故填excited。 15．句意：通过这种方式，我们可以让我们的国家更清洁，更环保。设空处与greener构成并列关系，所以填写提示词的比较级形式cleaner。故填cleaner。 题型二 阅读理解 ①In the near future, we may be able to taste food and drinks “online” before buying them. A new tool developed by scientists in the US makes it possible for people to share tastes on the Internet. ②When we eat or drink, our teeth and tongues (舌头) break the food into little pieces. During this process (过程), tiny molecules (分子) come out of these pieces. The taste buds (味蕾) on our tongues catch these molecules, and “tell” the brain (大脑) about them. The brain then knows what flavours (味道) we’re tasting. ③The “e-Taste” tool has two main parts. The first part works like our tongues. It looks for five special things in food or drinks. These things give different flavours. After collecting the information, the first part can send it to the second part of the tool. The second part then mixes the five things with water to make drinks. Then people can taste these flavours by trying the drinks. According to a study, the “e-Taste” tool works even when its two parts are over 500 kilometers apart. ④Scientists believe that the “e-Taste” tool can be used in many ways in the coming years. For example, it can help make online classes and gaming experiences more interesting. 1．What can we infer about how the “e-Taste” tool works? A．It follows the way human tongues sense and brains know flavours. B．It follows the way human teeth break food into pieces. C．It only uses physical lines to send flavour information. D．It makes real food molecules without the help of water. 2．What are the uses of the two main parts of the “e-Taste” tool? A．The first part mixes flavours with water; the second part collects information. B．The first part acts like tongues to find the flavour components; the second part makes drinks for tasting. C．The first part sends messages to the brain; the second part breaks food into molecules. D．The first part tests online classes; the second part improves gaming experiences. 3．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A．B．C． D． 4．What is a possible use of the “e-Taste” tool in the future according to the last paragraph? A．It can make food and drinks more expensive. B．It can make online cooking classes more interesting and fun. C．It can replace the tool of human tongues totally. D．It can help people know the taste in faraway places. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了一款名为“e-Taste”的新型工具，它能够通过互联网分享味道信息，其工作原理模拟人类舌头和大脑感知味道的过程，并可能在未来的在线教学、游戏体验等方面得到应用。 1．推理判断题。根据“When we eat or drink, our teeth and tongues (舌头) break the food into little pieces....The taste buds (味蕾) on our tongues catch these molecules, and ‘tell’ the brain (大脑) about them. The brain then knows what flavours (味道) we’re tasting.”以及“The ‘e-Taste’ tool has two main parts. The first part works like our tongues... The second part then mixes the five things with water to make drinks.”可知当我们吃东西或喝水时，我们的牙齿和舌头会把食物切成小块，我们舌头上的味蕾捕捉到这些分子，并“告诉”大脑它们，然后，大脑知道我们正在品尝什么口味，而e-Taste的第一部分类似于舌头，负责检测味道成分，第二部分则利用这些成分与水混合制作出可品尝的饮料，由此可知“e-Taste”工具的工作原理模仿了人类舌头感知味道、大脑识别风味的过程。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“The first part works like our tongues. It looks for five special things in food or drinks... After collecting the information, the first part can send it to the second part of the tool. The second part then mixes the five things with water to make drinks.”可知，第一部分模拟舌头识别味道成分，第二部分用水调配出可品尝的饮品。故选B。 3．篇章结构题。文章第①段引出“e-Taste”工具及其功能；第②段解释人类如何感知味道，为技术原理提供背景；第③段详细介绍“e-Taste”工具的结构和工作方式；第④段展望其未来应用场景。所以文章是总分总结构，选项C符合。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“For example, it can help make online classes and gaming experiences more interesting.”可知“e-Taste”工具未来可用于使在线课程和游戏体验更有趣。故选B。 Robots are changing the way of our life. They are playing a more and more important role in our daily life. Here are some home robots. DeeBot DeeBot can help clean the room. It can clean all the floors and even can go under the desks, beds, chairs, etc. You can also set work time for DeeBot and it will start working on time. Connectr This robot helps you stay close to your family and pets when you are not at home. You can control it to see the house and even play games with your family or pets. It can even teach your children English like a teacher. Clocky If your alarm clock can’t make you get up in the morning, you may need a Clocky. When the alarm clock goes off, Clocky starts beeping. Then you can set it to snooze. But minutes later, it starts beeping again. It won’t stop beeping until you get up and turn it off. 1．Which can help you play with pets? A．DeeBot. B．Connectr. C．Clocky. D．A, B and C． 2．What can we learn about from the passage? A．Connectr helps us clean the room. B．We can set work time for DeeBot. C．Robots can make our life difficult. D．Clocky can help us get on well with our family. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．DeeBot is a good household helper and it can start working by itself. B．Connectr can help you look after your family and pets when you are out. C．If you are always late for class or work, you should buy a Clocky. D．Home robots will go into every home in the future. 4．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．Three kinds of helpful robots. B．Robots that can help us do housework. C．The importance of robots in our life. D．How robots make our life easy. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了一些家用机器人。 1．细节理解题。根据Connectr部分的描述“you can control it to...even play games with your family or pets”可知，Connectr可以帮助和宠物互动。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据DeeBot部分的“You can also set work time for DeeBot and it will start working on time.”可知，你可以为DeeBot设置工作时间。 故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据Connectr部分的“This robot helps you stay close to your family and pets when you are not at home. You can control it to see the house and even play games with your family or pets.”可知，Connectr能在你外出时帮你照看家人和宠物。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据表格内容可知，本文主要介绍了三种不同作用的机器人DeeBot、Connectr和Clocky。故选A。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $