内容正文:
Unit 5 Great inventions
单词
invention /ɪn'venʃn/ n. 发明;创造
greatly /'greɪtli/ adv. 大大地;非常;很
telephone /'telɪfəʊn/ n. 电话;电话机
easily /'i:zəli/ adv. 容易地;不费力地
bulb /bʌlb/ n. 电灯泡
machine /mə'ʃi:n/ n. 机器;机械装置
powered /'paʊəd/ adj. 由······驱动的
knowledge /'nɒlɪdʒ/ n. 知识;信息
entertainment /ˌentə'teɪnmənt/ n. 娱乐
absolutely /'æbsəlu:tlɪ/ adv. 当然;完全地
invent /ɪn'vent/ v. 发明;创造;虚构
period /'pɪəriəd/ n. 时期;阶段
fascinating /'fæsɪneɪtɪŋ/ adj. 极有吸引力的
creativity /ˌkriːeɪ'tɪvəti/ n. 创造力;创造性
wheel /wiːl/ n. 轮子;车轮;方向盘
wagon /ˈwægən/ n. 四轮载重马车(或牛车);小推车
power /'paʊə(r)/ n. 动力;能力;权力;电力 v. 驱动;推动
compass /ˈkʌmpəs/ n. 指南针;罗盘
canal /kəˈnæl/ n. 运河;灌溉渠
waterway /'wɔːtəweɪ/ n. 水路;航道
speed /spiːd/ n. 速度;速率 v. 加速;促进
eco-friendly /ˌiːkəʊ 'frendli/ adj. 环保的
spaceship /ˈspeɪsʃɪp/ n. (航天)飞船
widely /'waɪdli/ adv. 广泛地;普遍地
tool /tuːl/ n. 工具;方法
spell /spel/ v. 拼写;拼成
print /prɪnt/ v. 印刷;打印;发表
dictionary /ˈdɪkʃənri/ n. 词典;字典
simply /'sɪmpli/ adv. 简单地;仅仅
AI /ˌeɪ'ɪ/ abbr. (=artificial intelligence)人工智能
definition /ˌdefɪ'nɪʃn/ n. 释义;解释
application /ˌæplɪ'keɪʃn/ n. (=app)应用程序;应用;申请;请求
pour /pɔː(r)/ v. 倒;下大雨
pasteurize /'pɑːstjəraɪz/ v. 用巴氏杀菌法消毒
process /'prəʊses/ n. 过程;流程 v. 处理;加工
heat /hiːt/ v. 加热;(使)变暖 n. 热;温度
raw /rɔː/ adj. 未经加工的;生的
bacteria /bæk'tɪəriə/ n. 细菌
germ /dʒɜːm/ n. 病菌;细菌;微生物
dairy /'deəri/ n. 牛奶场;乳品店;乳制品 adj. 牛奶的;乳品业的
scientist /'saɪəntɪst/ n. 科学家
microbiologist /ˌmaɪkrəʊbaɪ'ɒlədʒɪst/ n. 微生物学家
toast /təʊst/ n. 干杯;敬酒;烤面包片 v. 为⋯⋯干杯;烤
freeze /friːz/ v. (使)冻结;结冰
refrigerator /rɪ'frɪdʒəreɪtə(r)/ n. (=fridge)冰箱
energy /'enədʒi/ n. 能量;能源
emperor /'empərə(r)/ n. 皇帝
短语
1.....的发明 the invention of....
2......的发展 the development of.....
3.和某人交流 communicate with sb
4.照亮 light up
5. 世界各地 around the world
6. 实际上 in fact
7. 能够 be able to
8. 在开发中,在研发中 in development
9. 象征着 a symbol of
10. 与……相连 be connected to
11. 像……一样…… as...as...
12. 用手;靠手做 by hand
13. 查阅 look up
14. 搜索 search for
15. 同意某人 agree with sb.
16. 经历 go through
17. 生病 get sick
18. 因为 because of
19. 因……而出名 be famous for
20. 敬某人,和某人干杯 a toast to sb.
21.富含…… be rich in
22. 追溯到,始于 be traced back to date back to
23. 以……命名 be named after
句型
1. It connects people around the world and provides us with information, knowledge, an entertainment.它将世界各地的人们连接在一起,并为我们提供信息、知识和娱乐。
2. But when I was a student, computers were not widely used.但当我是一名学生的时候,电脑还没有被广泛应用。
3.I couldn't imagine having such a convenient tool for getting the job done.我以前根本想象不到能有这么便捷的工具来完成工作。
4.Thank you for making the world much safer.感谢你让这个世界变得安全很多。
语法
1.一般过去时的被动语态
一、知识点清单
知识点1:①Inventions are great! 发明很伟大!(教材P58标题)
②Now, if you could invent something, what would it be?现在,如果你们能发明一样东西,你们会发明什么呢? (教材P59)
其前的不定冠词应用an
invention /ɪn'venʃn/ n. 发明;创造
[可数名词]&[不可数名词]
invention n.发明;发明物 invent v.发明 inventor n.发明家
谚语Necessity is the mother of invention.需求是发明之母。
语境串记
Edison invented a lot of things. He is a great inventor and he is famous for his inventions. 爱迪生发明了许多东西。他是一位伟大的发明家,他因他的发明物而闻名。
invent/ɪn'vent/ v. 发明;创造;虚构排列[及物动词]指创造出以前不存在的东西,尤指技术上的发明创造。
James W att invented the steam engine.詹姆斯·瓦特发明了蒸汽机。
invent与 discover辨析
invent “发明,创造”,指创造发明出新的,原来并不存在的东西。
discover “发现”,指发现或偶然发现原本存在的,但一直未被认识或不为人知的东西。
语境串记
The Wright Brothers invented the plane, andColumbus discovered the American continents. 莱特兄弟发明了飞机;哥伦布发现了美洲大陆。
知识点2: Which invention do you think is the most important?你们认为哪项发明最重要?(教材P58)
do you think作插入语
do you think意为“你(们)认为”。“特殊疑问词/短语+do you think +陈述句语序”是常见的含do you think作插入语的句型。
How soon do you think we can finish the report?
你认为我们多久能完成报告?(滨州中考)
How old do you think she is? 你认为她有多大?
知识点3: I believe the invention of paper has greatly influenced the development of human civilization.我认为纸的发明极大地影响了人类文明的发展。 (教材 P58)
greatly /'greɪtli/ adv. 大大地;非常;很讲 由“great(adj.非常的,很多的,极大的)+-ly(副词后缀)”构成。
The quality of health care varies greatly.医疗保健服务质量差别极大。
Reading great books can greatly enrich your mind and help you understand the world more deeply.阅读经典著作能够极大地丰富你的思想,帮助你更深刻地理解世界。
知识点4:It helps people communicate with each other easily and quickly.它帮助人们轻松、迅速地相互交流。 (教材P58)
easily /'iːzəli/ adv. 容易地;不费力地讲 由“easy(adj.容易的)变y为i+-ly(副词后缀)”构成。
Overweight can easily lead to many kinds of diseases, such as high blood pressure, diabetes and heart problems.超重容易引发多种疾病,比如高血压、糖尿病和心脏方面的问题。(2025达州中考)
I can easily finish the task tonight.我今晚能毫不费力地完成这项任务。
知识点5: It connects people around the world and provides us with information, knowledge,and entertainment. 它将世界各地的人们连接在一起,并为我们提供信息、知识和娱乐。(教材P58)
knowledge /'nɒlɪdʒ/ n. 知识;信息
[不可数名词]当knowledge前有形容词修饰时,可与不定冠词a/an连用。其后常接介词of或 about,表示“……方面的知识”。
Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。——Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯·培根
He has a wide knowledge of painting and music.他在绘画和音乐方面知识渊博。
We can get a lot of useful knowledge from books and the internet. 我们可以从书籍和互联网上获得许多有用的信息。
know v. 知道;了解 knowledge n.知识;学问 knowledgeable adj.知识渊博的
语境串记
Mr Judson is a knowledgeable man. He knows a lot ofknowledge about history. 贾德森先生是一个知识渊博的人。他知道很多历史知识。
知识点6: Absolutely! 当然! (教材P59)
absolutely /'æbsəluːtli/ adv. 当然;完全地
强调同意或允许。
——How about taking the earlier train? 我们坐早一班的火车怎么样?
——Absolutely! 当然可以!
——Can we leave a little early? 我们可以早一点离开吗?
——Absolutely! 完全可以!
拓强调坚决不同意或不允许时用absolutely not.
——Do you let your kids travel alone at night? 你会让孩子们晚上单独外出吗?
——Absolutely not! 当然不行!
知识点7: I would invent a time machine to travel to different periods in history.我想发明一台时光机,去往历史上的不同时期。(教材P59)
period /'pɪəriəd/ n.时期;阶段
a period of time一段时间/时期
Most teenagers go through a period of rebellion.大多数青少年都要经历一段叛逆期。
She studied French history for a long period of time.她很长一段时间都在研究法国历史。
拓展[名词]节,课;句号
We have six periods of science a week.我们每周有六节科学课。
Don't forget the period at the end of the sentence.不要忘记句尾的句号。
是美式英语,英式英语中通常用full stop
知识点8:That sounds fascinating!那听起来极有吸引力! (教材P59)
fascinating /'fæsɪneɪtɪŋ/ adj. 极有吸引力的
常在句中作表语或定语。作表语时,主语通常为物。
Your topic is fascinating. 你的话题很有吸引力。(作表语)
Flying in the sky, we can see the fascinating city below.在空中飞行,我们可以看到下面迷人的城市。(作定语)
归纳总结
fascinating adj. 迷人的;极有吸引力的 fascination n. 魅力;入迷 fascinate v. 迷住;深深吸引
fascinated adj.入迷的;极感兴趣的
The beautiful language and rich history fascinated him, so Arman started learning basic phrases online. 这种优美的语言和深厚的历史底蕴深深吸引了他,于是阿尔曼开始在网上学习一些基本短语。(2025 浙江中考改编)
The students were fascinated by his ideas.学生们对他的想法极感兴趣。
Old castles have a certain strange fascination for me.古城堡对我有某种奇特的吸引力。
知识点9:Inventions come from imagination and creativity.发明来源于想象力和创造力。(教材P59)
creativity /ˌkriːeɪ'tɪvəti/ n. 创造力;创造性
Farming and creativity don't often go hand in hand, but rice paddy art is turning ordinary fields into pictures.农业和创造力通常并不相关,但稻田艺术正将普通的田地变成一幅幅图画。(2025泸州中考)
拓展
create v. 创造 creative adj. 有创造力的 creativity n.创造力;创造性
语境串记
Liu Cixin is a creative writer and he has created manyworks full of creativity. 刘慈欣是一位有创造力的作家,他已经创作出很多富有创造力的作品。
知识点10:Humans began to have the power to move and carry things across long distances.人类开始拥有长途迁徙和运送物品的能力。(教材P60)
power /'paʊə(r)/ n. 动力;能力;权力;电力v.驱动;推动
(1)[不可数名词]动力;能力;权力;电力have the power to do sth.有能力/权力做某事
I will do everything in my power to help you.我将尽全力帮助你。
a have the power to change the decision.我有改变这个决定的权力。
There is enough power to run up to four lights.电力足够带起四盏灯。
(2)[动词]驱动;推动 此时常用被动语态。be powered by由……驱动
The car is powered by solar batteries.这辆车依靠太阳能电池驱动。
The wind powers the sailboat.风推动帆船前进。
拓展(1)power[名词]力量;影响力
Self-confidence is a kind of power. It can bring out the best in all of us.自信是一种力量,它能激发我们每个人身上最好的一面。(2025 兰州中考)
Lu Xun' s writing has a lot of power. 鲁迅的文章很有影响力。
(2)powerful[形容词]有影响力的;很有效的;强有力的
He is one of the most powerful men in this area.他是这一地区最有影响力的人物之一。
The government has taken powerful measures to protect the environment.政府已经采取了有效措施来保护环境。
I can be a powerful tool in saving wildlife.人二智能可能成为拯救野生动物的有力工具。
知识点11:After the train came the invention of cars, buses, trucks, and other means of transportation.火车问世后,又出现了汽车、公共汽车、卡车和其他交通工具。(教材P60)
means n.手段;方式,方法;工具
means of sth.……的方式
Homework should not be used as a means of controlling children.家庭作业不应该被用作约束儿童的手段。
Do you think the subway should replace other means of transport? 你认为地铁应该取代其他交通工具吗?
知识点12:And canal systems made fast waterway transportation possible.而运河系统使快速的水路运输成为可能。 (教材P60)
make+宾语+宾语补足语make在此为使役动词,意为“使,让”。
"make+宾语+宾语补足语”的常见用法有:
make sb. +n.使某人成为……
make sb./ sth. +adj.使某人/某物处于……状态
make sb./ sth. do sth.使某人/某物做某事
We made Bob our group leader.我们让鲍勃当我们的组长。
Miss Li has lots of teaching experience. She has her own ways to make classes lively and interesting.李老师有着丰富的教学经验,她有自己的方法来使课堂生动有趣。
The movie makes me feel happy and relaxed.这部电影让我感到开心和放松。
知识点13: As it's connected to the internet, it has made study and research much easier.由于它连接了互联网,这让学习和研究变得容易多了。(教材P62)
be connected to与······相连
The hotel was connected to the station by a walkway.一条人行通道把旅馆和车站连接起来。
拓展(1)be connected with与……有关联
The Spring Festival is connected with many traditions and customs.春节与许多传统和习俗相关联。(2025 齐齐哈尔中考改编)
(2) connect[动词]关联;连接
不及物动词 connect to/with...与……连接;与……联系起来
及物动词 connect... with/to/and...把······与······连接/联系起来
This corridor connects with the living room.这条走廊与客厅相连。
The fast Wi-Fi on China's space station helps astronauts connect with people on Earth easily.中国空间站上的高速Wi-Fi帮助航天员与地球上的人们轻松建立联系。(连云港中考)
The Internet connects us with friends, family,and even people in other countries. 互联网将我们与朋友、家人甚至其他国家的人们连接在一起。(2025 广西中考)
知识点14: But when I was a student, computers were not widely used.但当我是一名学生的时候,电脑还没有被广泛应用。 (教材P62)
widely /'waɪdli/ adv. 广泛地;普遍地讲 由“wide(adj.宽的;广泛的)+-ly(副词后缀)”构成。
It is widely known that he is good at speaking in public.众所周知,他擅长在公共场合发言。
BDS has been widely used as public resources in our daily life.北斗卫星导航系统作为公共资源已被广泛应用于我们的日常生活中。(黄冈中考)
拓展
widely adv. 广泛地;普遍地 wide adj. 宽的;广泛的 width n. 宽度;广度
It's a wide river.这是一条宽阔的河流。
The bridge is 30 metres in width.这座桥宽30米。
知识点15: When I didn't know how to spell a word,I had to look it up in a printed dictionary.当我不知道一个单词怎么拼写的时候,我就得去查印刷版词典。 (教材P62)
①spell/spel/v.拼写;拼成
常用于“How do you spell...?”句型,用于询问如何拼写某个单词或某人的名字。
How do you spell"notebook"? 你怎么拼写"notebook"?
B-O-O-K spells'book'. B-O-O-K拼成book(书)。
spelling[名词]拼写;拼法
Use apps or online tools to practice spelling and grammar.使用应用程序或在线工具来练习拼写和语法。(2025湖北中考)
语境串记
His son can spell many difficult words because he haslearnt some spelling rules.他的儿子能拼写许多难的单词,因为他已经学会了一些拼写规则。
②look up (在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅;抬头看·高频
(1)此处意为“查阅”,可接名词或代词作宾语。宾语如果为人称代词,要放在look和up之间;如果是名词,放在look和up之间或up之后均可。
He looked up a number in his phone. = He looked a number up in his phone.他在手机里查了一个号码。(包头中考)
Can you look it up on the website?你能在网站上查一下它吗?只能放在look与up之间
(2)意为“抬头看”,常和from连用。
She looked up from her book as I entered the room.我进房间时,她从书本上抬起头来看了看。
拓展look的常见短语还有:
look after照顾 look for寻找
look around环顾 look like看起来像
look through快速查看;浏览 look over查看;检查
look forward to盼望 look out 小心
③print/prɪnt/ v. 印刷;打印;发表
printing n. 印刷 print v.印刷;打印 printer n.打印机;印刷工人
I need to make a few changes before I print the document.打印文件之前我要做些修改。
The fifteenth century saw big progress in printing technology in the West.十五世纪,西方的印刷工艺有了很大的进步。
Our company has just bought a colour printer.我们公司刚买了一台彩色打印机。
知识点16: But now with the internet we can simply search for everything online.但现在有了互联网,我们只要在网上搜索就能找到所有信息。 (教材P62)
simply /'sɪmpli/ adv.简单地;仅仅
The book explains grammar simply and clearly.这本书对语法解释得简明扼要。
People run marathons because they like taking part in competitions, or simply because they love running.人们跑马拉松,是因为他们喜欢参与比赛,或者仅仅是因为他们热爱跑步。(2025威海中考)
simple[形容词]简单的;容易的
The machine is very simple to use.这台机器操作非常简单。
知识点17: The internet and the computer are amazing inventions with many applications.互联网和电脑是了不起的发明,有着诸多应用程序。 (教材 P62 )
application /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. (= app)应用程序;应用;申请;请求
Th e invention would have a wide range of applications in industry.这项发明在工业中会有广泛用途。
We have received applications from more than 3,000 students.我们已经收到超过3 000 名学生的申请。
Her application to join the school choir was approved yesterday.她加入学校合唱团的申请昨天获得了批准。
拓展apply 作动词,常见含义及用法如下:
①应用 These ideas are often difficult to apply inpractice.这些想法往往很难付诸实践。
②申请,请求 apply for申请 She applied for a job with the localnewspaper.她申请了当地报社的一份工作。
③涂,敷Apply sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher 20–30 minutes before going outside. 在出门前20到30分钟,涂抹防晒系数30或更高的防晒霜。(2025浙江中考)
二、语法点清单
一般过去时的被动语态
一般过去时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去,且主语是动作的承受者。
一般过去时的被动语态的构成
一般过去时的被动语态由‘“ w a s / w e r e ~ + 动词的过去分词”构成。
The mobile phone has greatly influenced people's life since it was invented.手机自发明以来已极大地影响了人们的生活。
These books were written for children.这些书是写给儿童的。
一般过去时的被动语态的句式
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语 + was/were + 过去分词
The club was set up in 2010. 这个俱乐部是 2010 年成立的。
否定句
主语 + wasn't/weren't + 过去分词
I wasn't told to attend the meeting yesterday. 昨天没有人告诉我去参加会议。
一般疑问句及问答
Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词?
—Were the trees planted last year? 这些树是去年种的吗?—Yes, they were. / No, they weren't.
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 过去分词?
When was the bridge completed? 这座桥是什么时候完工的?
使用被动语态时的注意事项
①含有动词短语的主动结构变被动结构时,不要漏掉短语中的介词或副词。
We handed in our homework last Friday.上周五我们上交了家庭作业。→Our homework was handed in last Friday (by us).
②在含有使役动词make或感官动词(see、watch、notice、hear等)的主动语态的句子中,这些词后常跟省略to的动词不定式,但是改为被动语态时要把省去的to还原。
I saw him cross the road and enter the shop.我看到他穿过马路,走进了商店。
→He was seen to cross the road and enter the shop (by me).
③接双宾语的动词变为被动语态,直接宾语(物)作被动语态的主语时,动词后面要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定的。
My mother gave me a pen.妈妈送给我一支钢笔。
→I was given a pen by my mother.
→A pen was given to me by my mother.
三、写作清单
发明创造
1. 话题分析
本单元以"伟大的发明"为话题,主要介绍了一些重要的发明案例和这些发明的重要意义,比如交通工具的发明让出行更便捷、电脑和互联网的发明给我们的生活带来了巨大的变化、巴氏杀菌法使得我们可以健康饮用牛奶等。
2. 写作内容
与发明创造相关的文章。
3. 写作要点
①What are the inventions?
②What can the inventions do?
③What do you think of the inventions?
4. 写作思路提示
①介绍这项发明创造;
②详细介绍如何帮助人们的生活;
③评价。
5. 写作步骤详解
①题材:记叙文;
②时态:以一般现在时为主;
③人称:多用第一人称和第三人称
④提示:应注意题干给出的要点并适当补充,使文章内容充实。
6. 通用表达
①万能开头(3 选 1)
1. I want to invent a useful invention.我想发明一个有用的东西。
2. If I could invent something, it would be…如果我能发明一样东西,它会是……
3. I think inventions make our life better. My favorite invention is…我认为发明让生活更美好。我最喜欢的发明是……
②介绍外观 / 样子(通用)
It looks like…它看起来像……
It is not very big. It is easy to carry.它不大,方便携带。
It has a screen and some buttons.它有一个屏幕和一些按钮。
③功能句型
1. It can help people…它可以帮助人们……
2. It is used for doing…它被用来做……
3. It can… easily and quickly.它能轻松又快速地……
4. It will make our life easier.它会让我们的生活更轻松。
5. It can save time and energy.它能节省时间和精力。
④优点 / 好处
It is useful / helpful / important.很有用 / 有帮助 / 很重要。
It is cheap and convenient.便宜又方便。
It is safe and easy to use.安全又好用。
⑤结尾(梦想 / 努力)
1. I hope my invention will come true one day.我希望我的发明有一天能成真。
2. To make it real, I will study hard and learn more science.为了实现它,我会努力学习,多学科学知识。
3. I believe my invention will change the world.我相信我的发明会改变世界。
7. 范例作文
My robot
In the future, I want to be a scientist and make a wonderful robot. It will look like a person with a friendly face and big hands.
My robot will be very helpful. It can do housework like cleaning the rooms and washing dishes. It can also take care of old people and help them walk. When I have problems with my schoolwork, it will help me solve difficult math problems.
To make my dream come true, I will keep healthy by doing sports every day. I will study hard and go to a good college to learn more about science.
译文:
我的机器人
在未来,我想成为一名科学家,制造一台很棒的机器人。它长得像人一样,有着友善的脸庞和大大的手。
我的机器人会非常有用。它会做家务,比如打扫房间、洗碗。它还能照顾老人,帮助他们走路。当我功课遇到困难时,它会帮我解答复杂的数学题。
为了实现我的梦想,我会每天运动保持健康。我会努力学习,考上一所好大学,学习更多科学知识。
8. 实战演练
随着科技发展,AI工具(如智能学习软件,豆包,Deepseek,翻译助手等)已逐渐走进中学生的学习生活。你校英语报正在开展“AI: A Helpful Friend in English Learning?”的主题征文活动,请结合自身经历,写一篇短文表达你的看法。
How it helps
practice listening and speaking
correct grammar mistakes quickly
Problems
make me think less on my own
the writing may lose my own thoughts
Advice
use AI tools wisely
要求:
(1)文中须包含要点提示的所有信息,可适当发挥;
(2)文中不得出现考生的真实姓名和学校名称;
(3)词数100左右。
AI: A Helpful Friend in English Learning?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Possible version:
AI: A Helpful Friend in English Learning?
Nowadays, AI tools have become a part of our study life. As for me, AI is both a helper and a challenge in English learning.
Firstly, they are excellent for practicing listening and speaking. Secondly, AI can correct my grammar mistakes quickly, which saves me a lot of time. However, using AI also has some problems. Sometimes, I depend on it too much and stop thinking on my own. What’s worse, if I let AI write passages for me, the writing may lose my own thoughts.
AI is a helpful tool, but we must use it wisely. Only in this way can we make AI our helpful friend.
【总体分析】①题材:本文是一篇材料作文;
②时态:主要为“一般现在时”;
③提示:根据表格内容,需阐述AI工具在英语学习中的帮助、可能存在的问题以及合理使用的建议。
【写作步骤】第一步:开篇点题,并介绍AI工具的两点帮助;
第二步:用转折词引出过度使用AI可能带来的两个问题;
第三步:提出明智使用AI的建议,并总结。
【亮点词汇】①correct mistakes纠正错误
②depend on依赖
③stop doing sth.停止做某事
④on one’s own独立地
【高分句型】①Secondly, AI can correct my grammar mistakes quickly, which saves me a lot of time. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
②However, using AI also has some problems. (动名词作主语)
③AI is a helpful tool, but we must use it wisely. (运用了but连接的并列句)
④Only in this way can we make AI our helpful friend. (倒装句)
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Unit 5 Great inventions
单词
___________ /ɪn'venʃn/ n. 发明;创造
___________/'greɪtli/ adv. 大大地;非常;很
___________/'telɪfəʊn/ n. 电话;电话机
___________/'i:zəli/ adv. 容易地;不费力地
___________/bʌlb/ n. 电灯泡
___________ /mə'ʃi:n/ n. 机器;机械装置
___________/'paʊəd/ adj. 由······驱动的
___________/'nɒlɪdʒ/ n. 知识;信息
___________/ˌentə'teɪnmənt/ n. 娱乐
___________/'æbsəlu:tlɪ/ adv. 当然;完全地
___________/ɪn'vent/ v. 发明;创造;虚构
___________/'pɪəriəd/ n. 时期;阶段
___________/'fæsɪneɪtɪŋ/ adj. 极有吸引力的
___________/ˌkriːeɪ'tɪvəti/ n. 创造力;创造性
___________/wiːl/ n. 轮子;车轮;方向盘
___________/ˈwægən/ n. 四轮载重马车(或牛车);小推车
___________/'paʊə(r)/ n. 动力;能力;权力;电力 v. 驱动;推动
___________/ˈkʌmpəs/ n. 指南针;罗盘
___________/kəˈnæl/ n. 运河;灌溉渠
___________/'wɔːtəweɪ/ n. 水路;航道
___________/spiːd/ n. 速度;速率 v. 加速;促进
___________ /ˌiːkəʊ 'frendli/ adj. 环保的
___________/ˈspeɪsʃɪp/ n. (航天)飞船
___________/'waɪdli/ adv. 广泛地;普遍地
___________/tuːl/ n. 工具;方法
___________/spel/ v. 拼写;拼成
___________/prɪnt/ v. 印刷;打印;发表
___________/ˈdɪkʃənri/ n. 词典;字典
___________/'sɪmpli/ adv. 简单地;仅仅
___________/ˌeɪ'ɪ/ abbr. (=artificial intelligence)人工智能
___________/ˌdefɪ'nɪʃn/ n. 释义;解释
___________/ˌæplɪ'keɪʃn/ n. (=app)应用程序;应用;申请;请求
___________/pɔː(r)/ v. 倒;下大雨
___________/'pɑːstjəraɪz/ v. 用巴氏杀菌法消毒
___________/'prəʊses/ n. 过程;流程 v. 处理;加工
___________/hiːt/ v. 加热;(使)变暖 n. 热;温度
___________/rɔː/ adj. 未经加工的;生的
___________/bæk'tɪəriə/ n. 细菌
___________/dʒɜːm/ n. 病菌;细菌;微生物
___________/'deəri/ n. 牛奶场;乳品店;乳制品 adj. 牛奶的;乳品业的
___________/'saɪəntɪst/ n. 科学家
___________/ˌmaɪkrəʊbaɪ'ɒlədʒɪst/ n. 微生物学家
___________/təʊst/ n. 干杯;敬酒;烤面包片 v. 为⋯⋯干杯;烤
___________/friːz/ v. (使)冻结;结冰
___________/rɪ'frɪdʒəreɪtə(r)/ n. (=fridge)冰箱
___________/'enədʒi/ n. 能量;能源
___________/'empərə(r)/ n. 皇帝
短语
1. ....的发明 ___________
2. ......的发展 ___________
3. 和某人交流 ___________
4.照亮 ___________
5. 世界各地 ___________
6. 实际上 ___________
7. 能够 ___________
8. 在开发中,在研发中 ___________
9. 象征着 ___________
10. 与……相连 ___________
11. 像……一样…… ___________
12. 用手;靠手做 ___________
13. 查阅 ___________
14. 搜索 ___________
15. 同意某人 ___________
16. 经历 ___________
17. 生病 ___________
18. 因为 ___________
19. 因……而出名 ___________
20. 敬某人,和某人干杯 ___________
21.富含…… ___________
22. 追溯到,始于 ___________
23. 以……命名 ___________
句型
1. It connects people around the world and _______us _______information, knowledge, an entertainment.它将世界各地的人们连接在一起,并为我们提供信息、知识和娱乐。
2. But when I was a student, computers _______ not widely ______.但当我是一名学生的时候,电脑还没有被广泛应用。
3.I couldn't ______ ______ such a convenient tool for getting the job done.我以前根本想象不到能有这么便捷的工具来完成工作。
4._______ _______ _______ making the world much safer.感谢你让这个世界变得安全很多。
语法
1.一般过去时的被动语态
一、知识点清单
知识点1:①Inventions are great! 发明很伟大!(教材P58标题)
②Now, if you could invent something, what would it be?现在,如果你们能发明一样东西,你们会发明什么呢? (教材P59)
其前的不定冠词应用an
invention /ɪn'venʃn/ n. 发明;创造
[可数名词]&[不可数名词]
invention n.发明;发明物 invent v.发明 inventor n.发明家
谚语Necessity is the mother of invention.需求是发明之母。
语境串记
Edison invented a lot of things. He is a great inventor and he is famous for his inventions. 爱迪生发明了许多东西。他是一位伟大的发明家,他因他的发明物而闻名。
invent/ɪn'vent/ v. 发明;创造;虚构排列[及物动词]指创造出以前不存在的东西,尤指技术上的发明创造。
James W att invented the steam engine.詹姆斯·瓦特发明了蒸汽机。
invent与 discover辨析
invent “发明,创造”,指创造发明出新的,原来并不存在的东西。
discover “发现”,指发现或偶然发现原本存在的,但一直未被认识或不为人知的东西。
语境串记
The Wright Brothers invented the plane, andColumbus discovered the American continents. 莱特兄弟发明了飞机;哥伦布发现了美洲大陆。
知识点2: Which invention do you think is the most important?你们认为哪项发明最重要?(教材P58)
do you think作插入语
do you think意为“你(们)认为”。“特殊疑问词/短语+do you think +陈述句语序”是常见的含do you think作插入语的句型。
How soon do you think we can finish the report?
你认为我们多久能完成报告?(滨州中考)
How old do you think she is? 你认为她有多大?
知识点3: I believe the invention of paper has greatly influenced the development of human civilization.我认为纸的发明极大地影响了人类文明的发展。 (教材 P58)
greatly /'greɪtli/ adv. 大大地;非常;很讲 由“great(adj.非常的,很多的,极大的)+-ly(副词后缀)”构成。
The quality of health care varies greatly.医疗保健服务质量差别极大。
Reading great books can greatly enrich your mind and help you understand the world more deeply.阅读经典著作能够极大地丰富你的思想,帮助你更深刻地理解世界。
知识点4:It helps people communicate with each other easily and quickly.它帮助人们轻松、迅速地相互交流。 (教材P58)
easily /'iːzəli/ adv. 容易地;不费力地讲 由“easy(adj.容易的)变y为i+-ly(副词后缀)”构成。
Overweight can easily lead to many kinds of diseases, such as high blood pressure, diabetes and heart problems.超重容易引发多种疾病,比如高血压、糖尿病和心脏方面的问题。(2025达州中考)
I can easily finish the task tonight.我今晚能毫不费力地完成这项任务。
知识点5: It connects people around the world and provides us with information, knowledge,and entertainment. 它将世界各地的人们连接在一起,并为我们提供信息、知识和娱乐。(教材P58)
knowledge /'nɒlɪdʒ/ n. 知识;信息
[不可数名词]当knowledge前有形容词修饰时,可与不定冠词a/an连用。其后常接介词of或 about,表示“……方面的知识”。
Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。——Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯·培根
He has a wide knowledge of painting and music.他在绘画和音乐方面知识渊博。
We can get a lot of useful knowledge from books and the internet. 我们可以从书籍和互联网上获得许多有用的信息。
know v. 知道;了解 knowledge n.知识;学问 knowledgeable adj.知识渊博的
语境串记
Mr Judson is a knowledgeable man. He knows a lot ofknowledge about history. 贾德森先生是一个知识渊博的人。他知道很多历史知识。
知识点6: Absolutely! 当然! (教材P59)
absolutely /'æbsəluːtli/ adv. 当然;完全地
强调同意或允许。
——How about taking the earlier train? 我们坐早一班的火车怎么样?
——Absolutely! 当然可以!
——Can we leave a little early? 我们可以早一点离开吗?
——Absolutely! 完全可以!
拓强调坚决不同意或不允许时用absolutely not.
——Do you let your kids travel alone at night? 你会让孩子们晚上单独外出吗?
——Absolutely not! 当然不行!
知识点7: I would invent a time machine to travel to different periods in history.我想发明一台时光机,去往历史上的不同时期。(教材P59)
period /'pɪəriəd/ n.时期;阶段
a period of time一段时间/时期
Most teenagers go through a period of rebellion.大多数青少年都要经历一段叛逆期。
She studied French history for a long period of time.她很长一段时间都在研究法国历史。
拓展[名词]节,课;句号
We have six periods of science a week.我们每周有六节科学课。
Don't forget the period at the end of the sentence.不要忘记句尾的句号。
是美式英语,英式英语中通常用full stop
知识点8:That sounds fascinating!那听起来极有吸引力! (教材P59)
fascinating /'fæsɪneɪtɪŋ/ adj. 极有吸引力的
常在句中作表语或定语。作表语时,主语通常为物。
Your topic is fascinating. 你的话题很有吸引力。(作表语)
Flying in the sky, we can see the fascinating city below.在空中飞行,我们可以看到下面迷人的城市。(作定语)
归纳总结
fascinating adj. 迷人的;极有吸引力的 fascination n. 魅力;入迷 fascinate v. 迷住;深深吸引
fascinated adj.入迷的;极感兴趣的
The beautiful language and rich history fascinated him, so Arman started learning basic phrases online. 这种优美的语言和深厚的历史底蕴深深吸引了他,于是阿尔曼开始在网上学习一些基本短语。(2025 浙江中考改编)
The students were fascinated by his ideas.学生们对他的想法极感兴趣。
Old castles have a certain strange fascination for me.古城堡对我有某种奇特的吸引力。
知识点9:Inventions come from imagination and creativity.发明来源于想象力和创造力。(教材P59)
creativity /ˌkriːeɪ'tɪvəti/ n. 创造力;创造性
Farming and creativity don't often go hand in hand, but rice paddy art is turning ordinary fields into pictures.农业和创造力通常并不相关,但稻田艺术正将普通的田地变成一幅幅图画。(2025泸州中考)
拓展
create v. 创造 creative adj. 有创造力的 creativity n.创造力;创造性
语境串记
Liu Cixin is a creative writer and he has created manyworks full of creativity. 刘慈欣是一位有创造力的作家,他已经创作出很多富有创造力的作品。
知识点10:Humans began to have the power to move and carry things across long distances.人类开始拥有长途迁徙和运送物品的能力。(教材P60)
power /'paʊə(r)/ n. 动力;能力;权力;电力v.驱动;推动
(1)[不可数名词]动力;能力;权力;电力have the power to do sth.有能力/权力做某事
I will do everything in my power to help you.我将尽全力帮助你。
a have the power to change the decision.我有改变这个决定的权力。
There is enough power to run up to four lights.电力足够带起四盏灯。
(2)[动词]驱动;推动 此时常用被动语态。be powered by由……驱动
The car is powered by solar batteries.这辆车依靠太阳能电池驱动。
The wind powers the sailboat.风推动帆船前进。
拓展(1)power[名词]力量;影响力
Self-confidence is a kind of power. It can bring out the best in all of us.自信是一种力量,它能激发我们每个人身上最好的一面。(2025 兰州中考)
Lu Xun' s writing has a lot of power. 鲁迅的文章很有影响力。
(2)powerful[形容词]有影响力的;很有效的;强有力的
He is one of the most powerful men in this area.他是这一地区最有影响力的人物之一。
The government has taken powerful measures to protect the environment.政府已经采取了有效措施来保护环境。
I can be a powerful tool in saving wildlife.人二智能可能成为拯救野生动物的有力工具。
知识点11:After the train came the invention of cars, buses, trucks, and other means of transportation.火车问世后,又出现了汽车、公共汽车、卡车和其他交通工具。(教材P60)
means n.手段;方式,方法;工具
means of sth.……的方式
Homework should not be used as a means of controlling children.家庭作业不应该被用作约束儿童的手段。
Do you think the subway should replace other means of transport? 你认为地铁应该取代其他交通工具吗?
知识点12:And canal systems made fast waterway transportation possible.而运河系统使快速的水路运输成为可能。 (教材P60)
make+宾语+宾语补足语make在此为使役动词,意为“使,让”。
"make+宾语+宾语补足语”的常见用法有:
make sb. +n.使某人成为……
make sb./ sth. +adj.使某人/某物处于……状态
make sb./ sth. do sth.使某人/某物做某事
We made Bob our group leader.我们让鲍勃当我们的组长。
Miss Li has lots of teaching experience. She has her own ways to make classes lively and interesting.李老师有着丰富的教学经验,她有自己的方法来使课堂生动有趣。
The movie makes me feel happy and relaxed.这部电影让我感到开心和放松。
知识点13: As it's connected to the internet, it has made study and research much easier.由于它连接了互联网,这让学习和研究变得容易多了。(教材P62)
be connected to与······相连
The hotel was connected to the station by a walkway.一条人行通道把旅馆和车站连接起来。
拓展(1)be connected with与……有关联
The Spring Festival is connected with many traditions and customs.春节与许多传统和习俗相关联。(2025 齐齐哈尔中考改编)
(2) connect[动词]关联;连接
不及物动词 connect to/with...与……连接;与……联系起来
及物动词 connect... with/to/and...把······与······连接/联系起来
This corridor connects with the living room.这条走廊与客厅相连。
The fast Wi-Fi on China's space station helps astronauts connect with people on Earth easily.中国空间站上的高速Wi-Fi帮助航天员与地球上的人们轻松建立联系。(连云港中考)
The Internet connects us with friends, family,and even people in other countries. 互联网将我们与朋友、家人甚至其他国家的人们连接在一起。(2025 广西中考)
知识点14: But when I was a student, computers were not widely used.但当我是一名学生的时候,电脑还没有被广泛应用。 (教材P62)
widely /'waɪdli/ adv. 广泛地;普遍地讲 由“wide(adj.宽的;广泛的)+-ly(副词后缀)”构成。
It is widely known that he is good at speaking in public.众所周知,他擅长在公共场合发言。
BDS has been widely used as public resources in our daily life.北斗卫星导航系统作为公共资源已被广泛应用于我们的日常生活中。(黄冈中考)
拓展
widely adv. 广泛地;普遍地 wide adj. 宽的;广泛的 width n. 宽度;广度
It's a wide river.这是一条宽阔的河流。
The bridge is 30 metres in width.这座桥宽30米。
知识点15: When I didn't know how to spell a word,I had to look it up in a printed dictionary.当我不知道一个单词怎么拼写的时候,我就得去查印刷版词典。 (教材P62)
①spell/spel/v.拼写;拼成
常用于“How do you spell...?”句型,用于询问如何拼写某个单词或某人的名字。
How do you spell"notebook"? 你怎么拼写"notebook"?
B-O-O-K spells'book'. B-O-O-K拼成book(书)。
spelling[名词]拼写;拼法
Use apps or online tools to practice spelling and grammar.使用应用程序或在线工具来练习拼写和语法。(2025湖北中考)
语境串记
His son can spell many difficult words because he haslearnt some spelling rules.他的儿子能拼写许多难的单词,因为他已经学会了一些拼写规则。
②look up (在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅;抬头看·高频
(1)此处意为“查阅”,可接名词或代词作宾语。宾语如果为人称代词,要放在look和up之间;如果是名词,放在look和up之间或up之后均可。
He looked up a number in his phone. = He looked a number up in his phone.他在手机里查了一个号码。(包头中考)
Can you look it up on the website?你能在网站上查一下它吗?只能放在look与up之间
(2)意为“抬头看”,常和from连用。
She looked up from her book as I entered the room.我进房间时,她从书本上抬起头来看了看。
拓展look的常见短语还有:
look after照顾 look for寻找
look around环顾 look like看起来像
look through快速查看;浏览 look over查看;检查
look forward to盼望 look out 小心
③print/prɪnt/ v. 印刷;打印;发表
printing n. 印刷 print v.印刷;打印 printer n.打印机;印刷工人
I need to make a few changes before I print the document.打印文件之前我要做些修改。
The fifteenth century saw big progress in printing technology in the West.十五世纪,西方的印刷工艺有了很大的进步。
Our company has just bought a colour printer.我们公司刚买了一台彩色打印机。
知识点16: But now with the internet we can simply search for everything online.但现在有了互联网,我们只要在网上搜索就能找到所有信息。 (教材P62)
simply /'sɪmpli/ adv.简单地;仅仅
The book explains grammar simply and clearly.这本书对语法解释得简明扼要。
People run marathons because they like taking part in competitions, or simply because they love running.人们跑马拉松,是因为他们喜欢参与比赛,或者仅仅是因为他们热爱跑步。(2025威海中考)
simple[形容词]简单的;容易的
The machine is very simple to use.这台机器操作非常简单。
知识点17: The internet and the computer are amazing inventions with many applications.互联网和电脑是了不起的发明,有着诸多应用程序。 (教材 P62 )
application /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. (= app)应用程序;应用;申请;请求
Th e invention would have a wide range of applications in industry.这项发明在工业中会有广泛用途。
We have received applications from more than 3,000 students.我们已经收到超过3 000 名学生的申请。
Her application to join the school choir was approved yesterday.她加入学校合唱团的申请昨天获得了批准。
拓展apply 作动词,常见含义及用法如下:
①应用 These ideas are often difficult to apply inpractice.这些想法往往很难付诸实践。
②申请,请求 apply for申请 She applied for a job with the localnewspaper.她申请了当地报社的一份工作。
③涂,敷Apply sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher 20–30 minutes before going outside. 在出门前20到30分钟,涂抹防晒系数30或更高的防晒霜。(2025浙江中考)
二、语法点清单
一般过去时的被动语态
一般过去时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去,且主语是动作的承受者。
一般过去时的被动语态的构成
一般过去时的被动语态由‘“ w a s / w e r e ~ + 动词的过去分词”构成。
The mobile phone has greatly influenced people's life since it was invented.手机自发明以来已极大地影响了人们的生活。
These books were written for children.这些书是写给儿童的。
一般过去时的被动语态的句式
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语 + was/were + 过去分词
The club was set up in 2010. 这个俱乐部是 2010 年成立的。
否定句
主语 + wasn't/weren't + 过去分词
I wasn't told to attend the meeting yesterday. 昨天没有人告诉我去参加会议。
一般疑问句及问答
Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词?
—Were the trees planted last year? 这些树是去年种的吗?—Yes, they were. / No, they weren't.
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 过去分词?
When was the bridge completed? 这座桥是什么时候完工的?
使用被动语态时的注意事项
①含有动词短语的主动结构变被动结构时,不要漏掉短语中的介词或副词。
We handed in our homework last Friday.上周五我们上交了家庭作业。→Our homework was handed in last Friday (by us).
②在含有使役动词make或感官动词(see、watch、notice、hear等)的主动语态的句子中,这些词后常跟省略to的动词不定式,但是改为被动语态时要把省去的to还原。
I saw him cross the road and enter the shop.我看到他穿过马路,走进了商店。
→He was seen to cross the road and enter the shop (by me).
③接双宾语的动词变为被动语态,直接宾语(物)作被动语态的主语时,动词后面要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定的。
My mother gave me a pen.妈妈送给我一支钢笔。
→I was given a pen by my mother.
→A pen was given to me by my mother.
三、写作清单
发明创造
1. 话题分析
本单元以"伟大的发明"为话题,主要介绍了一些重要的发明案例和这些发明的重要意义,比如交通工具的发明让出行更便捷、电脑和互联网的发明给我们的生活带来了巨大的变化、巴氏杀菌法使得我们可以健康饮用牛奶等。
2. 写作内容
与发明创造相关的文章。
3. 写作要点
①What are the inventions?
②What can the inventions do?
③What do you think of the inventions?
4. 写作思路提示
①介绍这项发明创造;
②详细介绍如何帮助人们的生活;
③评价。
5. 写作步骤详解
①题材:记叙文;
②时态:以一般现在时为主;
③人称:多用第一人称和第三人称
④提示:应注意题干给出的要点并适当补充,使文章内容充实。
6. 通用表达
①万能开头(3 选 1)
1. I want to invent a useful invention.我想发明一个有用的东西。
2. If I could invent something, it would be…如果我能发明一样东西,它会是……
3. I think inventions make our life better. My favorite invention is…我认为发明让生活更美好。我最喜欢的发明是……
②介绍外观 / 样子(通用)
It looks like…它看起来像……
It is not very big. It is easy to carry.它不大,方便携带。
It has a screen and some buttons.它有一个屏幕和一些按钮。
③功能句型
1. It can help people…它可以帮助人们……
2. It is used for doing…它被用来做……
3. It can… easily and quickly.它能轻松又快速地……
4. It will make our life easier.它会让我们的生活更轻松。
5. It can save time and energy.它能节省时间和精力。
④优点 / 好处
It is useful / helpful / important.很有用 / 有帮助 / 很重要。
It is cheap and convenient.便宜又方便。
It is safe and easy to use.安全又好用。
⑤结尾(梦想 / 努力)
1. I hope my invention will come true one day.我希望我的发明有一天能成真。
2. To make it real, I will study hard and learn more science.为了实现它,我会努力学习,多学科学知识。
3. I believe my invention will change the world.我相信我的发明会改变世界。
7. 范例作文
My robot
In the future, I want to be a scientist and make a wonderful robot. It will look like a person with a friendly face and big hands.
My robot will be very helpful. It can do housework like cleaning the rooms and washing dishes. It can also take care of old people and help them walk. When I have problems with my schoolwork, it will help me solve difficult math problems.
To make my dream come true, I will keep healthy by doing sports every day. I will study hard and go to a good college to learn more about science.
译文:
我的机器人
在未来,我想成为一名科学家,制造一台很棒的机器人。它长得像人一样,有着友善的脸庞和大大的手。
我的机器人会非常有用。它会做家务,比如打扫房间、洗碗。它还能照顾老人,帮助他们走路。当我功课遇到困难时,它会帮我解答复杂的数学题。
为了实现我的梦想,我会每天运动保持健康。我会努力学习,考上一所好大学,学习更多科学知识。
8. 实战演练
随着科技发展,AI工具(如智能学习软件,豆包,Deepseek,翻译助手等)已逐渐走进中学生的学习生活。你校英语报正在开展“AI: A Helpful Friend in English Learning?”的主题征文活动,请结合自身经历,写一篇短文表达你的看法。
How it helps
practice listening and speaking
correct grammar mistakes quickly
Problems
make me think less on my own
the writing may lose my own thoughts
Advice
use AI tools wisely
要求:
(1)文中须包含要点提示的所有信息,可适当发挥;
(2)文中不得出现考生的真实姓名和学校名称;
(3)词数100左右。
AI: A Helpful Friend in English Learning?
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