Unit 8 Natural disasters 课件-2025-2026学年冀教版英语八年级下册

该初中英语课件围绕“自然灾害及应对措施”核心主题，涵盖地震、台风等灾害的安全知识，核心词汇（powerful, shut, advise）及句式（When it comes to...）。通过图片匹配、听力对话等导入，从识别灾害到学习应对措施，再到词汇句式解析，构建阶梯式学习支架。 其亮点在于对话式听力材料与长难句分析结合，通过表格梳理措施、小组编对话活动，培养语言能力（词汇句式运用）和思维品质（句子结构分析）。任务型教学助力学生提升语言运用与自主学习能力，为教师提供结构化资源，高效落实教学目标。

讲课人： 时间：202X. Understanding cultures & Self-check & Fun Time Unit 8 Natural disasters 11 1 Read the passage and complete the table. Floods are common natural disasters. They can cause serious damage to homes and crops, and pose a threat to human lives. Many countries take all kinds of measures to prevent floods based on their specific conditions. 自主学习 11 The Three Gorges Dam plays a crucial role in preventing floods in China. This dam is located on the Changjiang River and helps control the flow of water during heavy rains. The dam acts as a barrier to hold back excess water and releases it slowly and safely. play a crucial role in 意为“在……中 扮演关键角色；在……中起决定性作用” be located on 强调“在……表面/ 边缘上” be located in 强调“在……范围/ 区域内部” be located at 强调“在……具体的地点上” 自主学习 11 This makes sure that the areas nearby are protected from the floods. By controlling the water levels, the dam keeps people safe. 长难句分析：这是一个包含宾语从句的复合句。主句主语是This，主句谓语是makes sure。that the areas nearby are protected from the floods 是宾语从句，其中the areas nearby 是主语，are protected 是谓语，from the floods 是状语。 介词短语作方式状语 自主学习 11 The Thames Barrier is an important flood defense system in the UK. It is located on the River Thames with huge gates that can be raised during high tides to protect London from flooding. The barrier has successfully prevented many floods since its completion in 1982, safeguarding the city and its people. 自主学习 11 The storm surge barrier in the Netherlands is an important defense mechanism against coastal flooding. This barrier is known as the Delta Project or Delta Works. It is situated in the southwestern part of the country in the province of Zeeland. It aims to protect the low-lying regions of the Netherlands from flooding and to manage the flow of water from the North Sea. be known as“被称为；被认为是；作为……而闻名” aim to do sth.“旨在做 某事；目标是做某事” 自主学习 11 Country Project Location Effects China the Three Gorges Dam on the Changjiang River helps control the flow of water during heavy rains, holds back excess water, releases it slowly and safely, protects nearby areas from floods, keeps people safe 自主学习 11 Country Project Location Effects the UK the Thames Barrier on the River Thames protects London from flooding, has successfully prevented many floods since 1982, safeguards the city and its people 自主学习 11 Country Project Location Effects Netherlands the storm surge barrier (Delta Works) in the southwestern part of the country in the province of Zeeland protects the low-lying regions from flooding, manages the flow of water from the North Sea 自主学习 11 2 Search the internet and find more famous projects to prevent floods around the world. 3 Do you know how ancient Chinese people prevented floods? Talk about it. 自主学习 11 Self-check • I can talk about different types of natural disasters: • earthquakes, typhoons, floods, wildfires... • I can learn about the impact of natural disasters: • They can badly hurt animals, plants, and the environment. • Disasters are terrible. Sometimes, secondary disasters are even more dangerous. 自主学习 11 • I can describe a common natural disaster: • Wildfires are big, out-of-control fires. • In 2023, Canada experienced many big forest fires... • I can understand how to keep safe in case of natural disasters: • Overcome your fears and act quickly. • Work with others. Teamwork increases survival chances. •Improvement needed: 自主学习 11 Fun Time Stay calm Don’t use the lift; take the stairs Do not panic and be prepared Earthquake, stay calm. Take cover. Don’t jump off. Run outdoor to open ground Go quick. Don’t look around 自主学习 11 If you’re trapped, stay calm Keep your strength, don’t make a sound If you’re bleeding, press down hard Treat your wound with a cotton wrap When you hear people, you can shout Keep in mind help will come Cover your mouth, nose, and head 自主学习 11 Hide your body under desk Don’t use the lift; take the stairs Do not panic and be prepared Keep in mind help will be here 自主学习 11 aim /eɪm/ v. 力求达到；目的是n. 目的；目标；瞄准 (教材P111) · He aims to get good grades in the exam. 他力求在考试中取得好成绩。 · The campaign aims at raising public awareness of environmental protection. 这场活动旨在提高公众的环保意识。 · He aimed his camera at the sunset. 他把相机对准日落。 探究一 核心单词 探索新知 11 · Her main aim is to become a successful writer. 她的主要目标是成为一名成功的作家。 · He took careful aim before shooting the arrow. 他射箭前仔细瞄准。 · The hunter took aim at the deer. 猎人瞄准了鹿。 探索新知 11 aim 作动词时的用法： aim to do sth. 力求做某事 aim at sth. /doing sth. 目的是/ 旨在（做）某事 aim sth. at sth. 把……瞄准…… aim 作名词时的用法： with the aim of... 怀着……的目的 take aim at... 瞄准…… 相关词形变化：aimless adj. 无目的的 aimlessly adv. 无目的地 探索新知 11 $ 讲课人： 时间：202X. Lesson 3 Unit 8 Natural disasters 11 1 Read the questions and give your answers. A What’s a secondary disaster? Give an example. B How do we get the word “secondary” from “second”? A secondary disaster happens because of another disaster. For example, a big earthquake can cause a tsunami (a secondary disaster).（答案不唯一） We add “-ary” to the end of “second”. 自主学习 11 2 Read the passage and put the sentences in the correct order. Disasters are terrible. Sometimes, secondary disasters are even more dangerous because they create more risks. Secondary disasters include landslides, fires, floods, and so on. Here is a serious example. 自主学习 11 On March 11, 2011, the largest earthquake ever recorded in Japan caused great destruction. Tsunami waves hit the coastal area less than half an hour later. They also destroyed the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. In the following days, explosions rocked the plant. More than 150,000 people had to leave the area. Lots of radioactivity got into the ocean and came down from the atmosphere. 过去分词作后置定语，与earthquake 在逻辑上构成被动关系。 half 意为“一半的”，作形容词。half an/a +名词，意为“半个……”。half an hour 半个小时；half a day 半天；half an apple 半个苹果 派生词，由前缀radio-（放射的）和activity（活动）构成。 自主学习 11 In August, 2023, the Japanese government began to release the radioactive water from the Fukushima plant into the ocean. The water could have a deep impact on sea life and the environment. People living in coastal areas around the world are worried. The radioactive water from the plant is still considered harmful today. 对……有很深的影响 现在分词短语作后置定语，与people 在逻辑上构成主动关系。 自主学习 11 The earthquake highlighted an important problem— disasters often cause a chain reaction of problems. If people do not deal with them properly, it will lead to greater disasters. It is everyone’s responsibility to take action to reduce disasters or secondary disasters. =do with处理；应付 导致；通往 长难句分析：这是一个主系表结构的简单句。It是形式主语；is是系动词；everyone’s responsibility是表语。to take action to reduce disasters or secondary disasters动词不定式短语是真正的主语，to reduce disasters or secondary disasters 是另一个动词不定式短语，作目的状语。 自主学习 11 A Radioactivity got into the ocean and atmosphere. B Explosions rocked the plant. C The largest earthquake in Japan caused serious destruction. D Tsunami waves hit the coastal area. C; D; B; A; 自主学习 11 思考：What is one thing people can do to help prevent problems after a big disaster? People can prepare an emergency kit at home before a disaster happens. This kit should have water, food, a flashlight, and medicine. Having this kit ready means people have supplies and the disaster will cause less panic.（答案不唯一） 自主学习 11 3 Read the sentences and pay attention to the parts in yellow. · Secondary disasters include landslides, fires, floods, and so on. · The earthquake highlighted an important problem. Compound words are formed when two or more words are combined. For example, land + slide = landslide, earth + quake = earthquake. Derived words are created by adding affixes (prefixes or suffixes) to existing words. For example, second + -ary = secondary, harm + ful = harmful. Then circle more compound words in Activity 2. radioactivity; radioactive 自主学习 11 4 Read the sentences and fill in the blanks. A The second book in the series served as a secondary source of information for my research project. (second) B I feel very _________ to have escaped the earthquake, and _________, all of my family members were safe, too. (luck) C Their rich imagination and _________ have inspired the _________ of new products. (create) lucky luckily creativity creation 自主学习 11 D Jimmy likes to use that toothbrush with cute cartoons to brush his teeth. E The _________ bravely fights against the fire to protect the people. F The land, including rocks and soil, slides down from the mountain and forms a _________. firefighter landslide 自主学习 11 1 secondary /'sekəndri/ adj. 次生的 （教材P104） · Earthquakes can cause secondary disasters like landslides. 地震可能引发滑坡之类的次生灾害。 · The fire started as a secondary effect of the gas explosion. 这场火灾是煤气爆炸的次生影响。 探究一 核心单词 探索新知 11 secondary 形容词，意为“次生的” 常用搭配：secondary effects 次生影响 secondary disasters 次生灾害（如地震后的洪水、火灾） 相关词汇：second 第二 探索新知 11 2 destroy /dɪ'strɔɪ/ v. 破坏；消灭 （教材P104） · The flood destroyed all the crops in the field. 洪水摧毁了田里所有的庄稼。 · A fire destroyed the old library last night. 昨晚一场大火烧毁了旧图书馆。 destroy 破坏（无法修复）；damage 损坏（可修复） 相关词汇：destruction n. 破坏 destructive adj. 破坏性的 探索新知 11 1 less than 少于 （教材P104） · The project will take less than a week to finish. 完成这个项目只需不到一周的时间。 · There are less than 20 students in the classroom. 教室里的学生少于 20 人。 less than 意为“少于”，后接具体数字、时间、数量等，强调“未达到某一数量”，其反义短语为more than, 意思是“超过”，相当于over。 探究二 核心短语 探索新知 11 2 deal with 处理 （教材P104） · The teacher helped me deal with the difficult math problem. 老师帮我解决了这道数学难题。 · How should I deal with these vegetables? =What should I do with these vegetables? 我应该怎么处理这些蔬菜？ deal with“处理；处置”，deal with + 名词（问题、困难、人等），常与疑问副词how 连用。do with 意为“处理；处置”，常与疑问代词what 连用。 探索新知 11 $ 讲课人： 时间：202X. Lesson 2 Unit 8 Natural disasters 11 1 Read the questions and give your answers. A What do you think happened in the picture? B What can you do to stay safe in this situation? An earthquake. I can hide under the desk and stay away from windows. (答案不唯一) 自主学习 11 2 Read the passage and underline what you should do if you are in a car or near the sea in an earthquake. Earthquakes can occur anytime without warning. So it is important to be prepared and know how to protect yourself. What should you do if one happens? Stay calm as the earth begins to shake. 引导时间状语从句 自主学习 11 If you are inside when the earthquake starts, get under a table or a bed. You need to have something strong around you to protect you from falling objects. Do not stand near walls or windows. Stay out of the kitchen. Also, never get into a lift during an earthquake. 长难句分析：这是一个复合句。If you are inside when the earthquake starts 是If 引导的条件状语从句，其中 when the earthquake starts 是时间状语从句。get under a table or a bed 是主句，使用祈使句形式(省略主语you)，get 是谓语动词，under a table or a bed是介词短语作地点状语。 避开；远离 自主学习 11 If you are outside, get to an open area as fast as you can. Stay away from buildings and trees. If you are in a vehicle, pull over to a place far from trees or tall buildings and stay in the car. If you are close to the sea, try to get as far away from the water as possible. Earthquakes can cause huge, dangerous waves that appear rapidly. 作定语，修饰waves 自主学习 11 When the earthquake is over, there is still plenty of danger. If you see a fire, quickly move outdoors to an open area. Keep an eye out for things that can fall on you. Only make necessary phone calls. Too many calls will bring down the phone system. Staying calm can improve your chances of survival in an earthquake. It is not easy, but it can save your life. n. 生存；幸存 survive v.生存 可能，表推测 自主学习 11 What is the CORRECT order of safety steps during an earthquake while indoors? ①Hide under a table. ②Move away from windows. ③Check for fires. ④Call emergency services. A.①③②④ B.①②③④ C.④①②③ D.②①④③ B 自主学习 11 3 Read the passage again and complete the table. Inside ____________ a table or a bed. ___________________ near walls or windows. ___________________ the kitchen. Never ______________ a lift. Get under Do not stand Stay out of get into 自主学习 11 Outside ___________ an open area as fast as you can. ____________ from the buildings and trees. ____________ to a safe place if you are in a vehicle. ___________________ from the water if you are close to the sea. Get to Stay away Pull over Get far away 自主学习 11 After the earthquake ________________________ to an open area if you see a fire. ________________________ for things that can fall on you. Only make _________________________________________. Quickly move outdoors Keep an eye out necessary phone calls 自主学习 11 4 Complete the conversation with the phrases. Sam: Yesterday, I learned a lot about earthquakes. Ann: So what is most important? Sam: ____________________. It can improve our chances of survival in an earthquake. Ann: It’s true but not easy. What should we do if we are indoors? stay calm stay away from keep an eye out bring down Stay calm 自主学习 11 Sam: Quickly move to a safe place in the room such as under a strong desk or table. Ann: What are the tips for outdoor safety? Sam: Move to an open area. ____________________ buildings, power lines, and trees. Ann: Is it safe when the earthquake is over? stay calm stay away from keep an eye out bring down Stay away from 自主学习 11 Sam: Not exactly. We should ____________________ for other possible dangers. Ann: Can we use phones in such situations? Sam: Only make necessary phone calls. Too many calls will ____________________ the phone system. stay calm stay away from keep an eye out bring down keep an eye out bring down 自主学习 11 5 What will you do if there is an earthquake while you’re at school? Talk with your partner. Then, make a plan as a class. 自主学习 11 1 anytime /'enitaɪm/ adv. 在任何时候 (教材P102) · You can call me anytime if you need help. 如果你需要帮助，任何时候都可以给我打电话。 · The library is open 24/7, so you can study there anytime. 图书馆全天开放，所以你任何时候都能在那里学习。 anytime 作为副词，可用于句首、句中或句尾，修饰动词或整个句子，强调时间的灵活性。同义表达：at any time(更正式)。 探究一 核心单词 探索新知 11 2 survival /sə'vaɪvl/ n. 生存；幸存(教材P102) · The book tells the story of his survival in the desert for 30 days. 这本书讲述了他在沙漠中生存30 天的故事。 · Their main concern is the survival of the species. 他们最关心的是这个物种的存活。 · These ancient tools are important survivals from the Stone Age. 这些古老的工具是石器时代重要的遗物。 · He survived the earthquake. 他在地震中幸存下来。 · The survivors of the plane crash were sent to the hospital. 飞机失事的幸存者被送往了医院。 探索新知 11 survival 表示“生存”时，常与介词“of”搭配，构成“the survival of ...”结构，意为“……的生存 / 幸存”。 常见搭配：the fight for survival 为生存而战 相关词汇： survive v. 幸存；存活；比……活的时间长； survivor n. 幸存者；生还者 探索新知 11 1 plenty of 大量的；充足的(教材 P102) · There is plenty of water in the bottle. 瓶子里有大量的水。 · They have plenty of books to read during the vacation. 假期里他们有充足的书可以读。 plenty of 意为“大量的；充足的”，既能修饰可数名词复数，又能修饰不可数名词。plenty of 同义词组为lots of 或a lot of。 “plenty of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与其前面的名词在数上保持一致。 探究二 核心短语 探索新知 11 2 keep an eye out 密切注意(教材 P102) · When you buy something, you must keep an eye out for fake products. 当你买东西时，你一定要留意假货。 · Could you please keep an eye on my children for a while? 你能照看一会儿我的孩子们吗？ 探索新知 11 辨析：keep an eye out for 与keep an eye on keep an eye out for 意为“注意；留心；警惕”。 keep an eye on 意为“照看；留意”，相当于look after。 探索新知 11 3 bring down 使崩溃(教材 P102) · Make sure to bring down Class One in the football match. 确保在足球比赛中打败一班。 · You should bring down the prices of the goods. 你应该降低这些商品的价格。 · The old photos brought back many happy memories. 这些老照片唤起了很多幸福的回忆。 探索新知 11 bring down 意为“打垮；击败；使崩溃；使倒下”。是“动词副词”型短语，代词作其宾语时，要放在bring和down 中间。 bring down 还可意为“降低；减少”。 与bring 相关的短语： (1)bring back 使回忆起 (2)bring up 抚养；养育 探索新知 11 So it is important to be prepared and know how to protect yourself. 所以做好准备并知道如何保护自己很重要。(教材P102) 探究三 核心句式 探索新知 11 分析结构：此句是“It is + 形容词+ to do sth.”固定句型，其中it 为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语(to be prepared and know ...)。并列不定式to be prepared 和(to) know how to protect yourself 由and 连接，共同作真正主语。(to) know how to protect yourself 中how to protect yourself 作know 的宾语。 探索新知 11 · It is necessary to learn first aid skills in daily life. 日常生活中学习急救技能很有必要。 · It is important to check the safety exits and know how to use a fire extinguisher. 检查安全出口并知道如何使用灭火器很重要。 探索新知 11 It is + adj. + to do sth. 句型中常用形容词： 表“必要性”：necessary, important, essential 表“难易度”：easy, difficult, hard, challenging 表“情感态度”：interesting, boring, exciting, tiring “疑问词 + 不定式”相当于名词，可作主语、宾语和表语。 常见疑问词：how, what, when, where, which。 探索新知 11 $ 讲课人： 时间：202X. Lesson 4 Unit 8 Natural disasters 11 1 How dangerous can natural disasters be? Discuss in groups. 自主学习 11 2 Read the passage and write true (T) or false (F). Typhoons are strong storms with powerful winds. They usually occur in the Western North Pacific. Typhoons form when warm water from the ocean meets special wind patterns. Typhoons can bring heavy rain and help cool down hot summers. However, they can be very dangerous and cause a lot of damage. During a typhoon, wind speeds can reach up to 252 kilometres per hour or even higher. 后置定语 自主学习 11 This can lead to trees falling, buildings getting damaged, and some areas flooding. 长难句分析：本句主语是This；谓语为情态动词 can + 动词短语lead to；宾语是用and 连接的三个并列的动名词复合结构trees falling，buildings getting damaged 和some areas flooding，它们共同作lead to 的宾语，说明导致的具体结果。其中trees, buildings, some areas 分别是后面动名词 falling, getting damaged, flooding 的逻辑主语。 自主学习 11 Wildfires are big, out-of-control fires. They happen in natural places like forests and grasslands. They can badly hurt animals, plants, and the environment. They are also dangerous to people living nearby. In 2023, Canada experienced many big forest fires, affecting an area of over 60,000 square kilometres. affect v. 影响 effect n. 影响 自主学习 11 Floods are huge amounts of water covering an area. They happen when there’s too much rain or when rivers overflow. Floods can hurt a lot of people and destroy farms, buildings, and roads. In China, one of the biggest floods was the 1998 Changjiang River flood. The PLA troops fought against this terrible flood and protected millions of people from drowning. They successfully kept major cities like Wuhan safe. 自主学习 11 A Typhoons are small storms that occur in some parts of Asia. ( ) B Wildfires can cause damage to animals, plants, and the environment. ( ) C The 1998 Changjiang River flood in China affected major cities like Wuhan. ( ) F T T 自主学习 11 3 Read the passage again and complete the table. Natural disaster Explanation Cause Damage Typhoon Wildfire human activities, lightning, etc. Flood 自主学习 11 4 What should you do when a natural disaster happens? Think and match the terms with the tips. 自主学习 11 Drought Typhoon Wildfire Flood Earthquake Clear dry leaves and report any smoke immediately. Save water and use it wisely. Stay indoors and secure anything that could be blown away. Bend down, find a cover, and hold on to protect yourself. Move to higher ground and never play or swim in these waters. v. 扣紧；拴牢 adj. 安全的 抓紧，不放开，还可意为“(电话用语) 别挂断，等一下；(在困境中)挺住” 自主学习 11 5 Write a passage about a common natural disaster. The following questions may help you: A What is this natural disaster? B What causes it? C What are its dangers? D How should you respond if it happens nearby? 自主学习 11 1 damage /'dæmɪdʒ/ v. & n. 损害；毁坏 (教材P106) · The heavy rain damaged many crops in the field. 暴雨毁坏了田里的许多庄稼。 · The storm caused serious damage to the coastal village. 暴风雨给这个沿海村庄造成了严重损害。 探究一 核心单词 探索新知 11 damage 一词多义 (1) 作动词时，意为“损害；毁坏”，为及物动词，直接接宾语。 (2) 作名词时，意为“损害；毁坏；损失”，为不可数名词。 常见搭配： cause damage to ... 对……造成损害 suffer damage 遭受损失 repair the damage 修复损害 探索新知 11 2 badly /'bædli/ adv. 严重地；非常(教材P106) · The car was badly damaged in the traffic accident. 这辆车在交通事故中受损严重。 · She wants to join the school team badly. 她非常想加入校队。 探索新知 11 badly 一词多义： (1)表“程度严重”：用于修饰动词、过去分词。 (2) 表“迫切地”：相当于“very much”，常用于 want/need 等动词后。 相关词汇： 比较级worse 更糟地 最高级worst 最糟地 bad adj. 坏的 探索新知 11 3 amount /ə'maʊnt/ n. 数量；数额 (教材P106) · A large amount of water is wasted every day. 每天都有大量的水被浪费。 · She spent a small amount of money on the new book. 她买这本新书花了少量的钱。 · He spent the least amount of time preparing for the exam. 他花最少的时间备考。 探索新知 11 amount 名词，意为“量；数量”，the amount of ……的数量，后面接不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词要使用单数形式。 常见搭配： a large/great amount of 大量的 a small amount of 少量的 the least amount of 数量最少的 探索新知 11 4 successfully /sək'sesfəli/ adv. 成功地(教材P106) · They successfully finished the project before the deadline. 他们在截止日期前成功完成了项目。 · I have success in passing my exam. = I have succeeded in passing the exam. = I’m successful in passing the exam. = I successfully passed the exam. 我成功地通过了考试。 探索新知 11 辨析：success, succeed, successful 与successfully success 名词 “成功；成就”, 是不可数名词，其反义词为failure“失败”；作“成功的事”讲时是可数名词。 succeed 动词 “成功”，succeed in doing sth. 意为“成功做某事”。其反义词为fail“失败”。 successful 形容词 “成功的”，由名词success + -ful构成的形容词，be successful in doing sth.。 successfully 副词 成功地，由形容词successful + -ly构成的副词。 探索新知 11 一语辨异: Though he had failed three times in the business plan, his team finally succeeded in improving it—this successful revision not only brought them great success, but also proved they could complete the task successfully. 尽管他的商业计划失败了三次，但团队最终成功改进了它 —— 这次成功的修订不仅为他们带来了巨大的成功，也证明了他们能成功完成任务。 探索新知 11 1 cool down 冷却(教材P106) · After exercising, it’s important to cool down by stretching. 运动后，通过拉伸来降温很重要。 · The hot soup needs to cool down before you can eat it. 热汤需要冷却后才能喝。 探究二 核心短语 探索新知 11 cool down (使)温度降低；冷静下来，既可以指物体降温，也可以指人情绪平复。同义短语：calm down，侧重情绪冷静。 与down 相关的短语： cut down 砍倒；削减 turn down 调小(音量)；拒绝 write down 写下；记下 break down (机器)出故障 探索新知 11 2 reach up to 高达(教材 P106) · The price of the new phone can reach up to 8,000 yuan. 这款新手机的价格可高达 8000 元。 · The mountain reaches up to 3,000 meters in height. 这座山高达 3000 米。 reach up to 后接具体数字，表示数量、高度、价格等达到某个最大值，相当于“up to”。 探索新知 11 3 fight against 与…… 作斗争(教材 P106) · We should fight against pollution to protect the environment. 我们应与污染作斗争来保护环境。 · The doctors are fighting against the disease day and night. 医生们日夜与疾病作斗争。 · He fought with his friends to defend their school. 他和朋友们一起并肩保卫学校。 探索新知 11 fight 常用短语： fight for 后接抽象名词，意为“为(事业、自由、真理、权利等)而斗争/ 战斗” fight against 后接名词，意为“同……做斗争” fight with“与………一起对抗”，接表示人或国家的名词；也可意为“和……争吵” fight over 意为“为……而争吵/ 争斗” 探索新知 11 Typhoons form when warm water from the ocean meets special wind patterns. 台风形成于海洋的暖水与特定风型相遇时。(教材 P106) 探究三 核心句式 探索新知 11 分析结构: 这是一个含时间状语从句的复合句。主句结构：Typhoons 主语+ form 谓语，之后是时间状语从句。引导词when 表示“当……时”。从句结构：warm water 主语+from the ocean(介词短语作后置定语，修饰 water)+meets 谓语+ special wind patterns 宾语。 探索新知 11 · Plants grow faster when they get enough sunlight and water. 当植物获得足够阳光和水分时，生长更快。 · I will call you when I arrive at the station. 我到达车站时会给你打电话。 · When she entered the room, he was reading a book. 当她进入房间时，他正在看书。 when 引导的时间状语从句的用法：主句为一般现在时，从句也用一般现在时(表示客观规律)。若主句是一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表将来(主将从现)。还可根据实际语境用过去相关时态。 探索新知 11 $ 讲课人： 时间：202X. Lesson 1 Unit 8 Natural disasters 11 1 Do you know these natural disasters? Match the pictures with the words. A flood B typhoon C volcanic eruption D earthquake E drought F wildfire C B E F A D 自主学习 11 2 Listen to the conversation and complete the table. Mr Green: Class, what do you know about natural disasters like earthquakes, typhoons, floods, and wildfires? Jenny: They are very powerful and dangerous. Mr Green: That’s right. When it comes to earthquakes, what should people do to stay safe? 自主学习 11 Brian: If an earthquake happens, we should stay calm, and quickly find shelter to protect ourselves from falling objects. Mr Green: Great advice! And what about typhoons? How can we prepare for them? protect sb. from ... 保护某人免受……的伤害 自主学习 11 Peter: For typhoons, we should stay indoors, away from windows and from any dangerous objects outside. We should shut all windows and doors. 长难句分析：该句为简单句。For typhoons为介词短语作状语；主语是we；谓语是should stay；indoors为地点副词作状语；并列短语away from windows和(away) from any dangerous objects outside作状语，用于补充说明stay的状态要求，其中outside是副词，在句中是后置定语，修饰dangerous objects。 自主学习 11 Mr Green: Good points. Now, let’s talk about floods. What actions should we take during a flood? Tom: We should go to higher ground. Never try to walk or drive through flood waters. They can be dangerous. You don’t know what will happen! 指洪水中实际覆盖地面的水体 自主学习 11 Mr Green: Absolutely. Finally, let’s discuss wildfires. They can be started by humans or lightning. What should we do if we see a wildfire? Mary: If there is a wildfire nearby, we should do what authorities advise and get away if necessary. We should try not to breathe in the smoke. It can hurt our throats and lungs. 自主学习 11 长难句分析：该句为复合句。If there is a wildfire nearby为条件状语从句；主句中，we是主语，should do和(should) get away为并列谓语，由and连接；what authorities advise作do的宾语；if necessary为省略的条件状语从句，完整形式为if it is necessary，补充说明get away的前提条件。 自主学习 11 Mr Green: Those are helpful tips for staying safe during natural disasters. It’s important to be prepared and know how to protect ourselves. Let’s remember these steps and let others know, too. 自主学习 11 Natural disasters Tips for dealing with disasters Earthquake Typhoon We should stay calm, and quickly find shelter to protect ourselves from falling objects. We should stay indoors, away from windows and from any dangerous objects outside. We should shut all windows and doors. 自主学习 11 Natural disasters Tips for dealing with disasters Flood Wildfire We should go to higher ground. Never try to walk or drive through flood waters. We should do what authorities advise and get away if necessary. We should try not to breathe in the smoke. 自主学习 11 What is Mr Green’s MAIN purpose in having this class discussion? A. To check if students remember facts about disasters. B. To give homework about emergency bags. C. To help the class learn about staying safe together. D. To find student volunteers for rescue work. C 自主学习 11 3 Listen to the dialogue and write true (T) or false (F). Ms Liu is talking about natural disasters with the class. A Typhoons are huge storms with strong winds and heavy rain. ( ) B Floods may be the result of typhoons. ( ) C Wildfires usually start from dry weather and heat.( ) 自主学习 11 4 Work in pairs. Make up a conversation about a natural disaster you experienced or heard about. A: What natural disaster have you ever experienced or heard about? B: Well, I once experienced a typhoon in my hometown. A: Really? What did you do to stay safe? ... 自主学习 11 1 powerful /'paʊəfl/ adj. 力量大的 (教材P100) · The elephant is a powerful animal that can carry heavy loads. 大象是力量强大的动物，能搬运重物。 · My dad bought a powerful computer to help with his work. 我爸爸买了一台功能强大的电脑来辅助工作。 探究一 核心单词 探索新知 11 powerful 强调“具有强大力量、能量或影响力的”，可用于描述物体、自然现象、人或组织等。 相关词汇：power n. 力量；权力 powerfully adv. 强烈地；强大地 探索新知 11 2 shut /ʃʌt/ v. 关闭；(使)关门 adj. 关闭；停业 · Remember to shut the window before you leave the room. 离开房间前记得关上窗户。 · The store shuts at 9 p.m. every day. 这家商店每天晚上 9 点关门。 · The restaurant has been shut for renovations since last week. 这家餐厅从上周起停业装修了。 探索新知 11 shut 一词多义： (1) 作动词时，shut 可表示“关闭；(使)关门”，过去式和过去分词均为shut。 (2) 作形容词时，shut 常用于“be shut”结构，表示“关闭；停业”。 常见搭配：(1)shut the door/window 关上门 / 窗 (2) shut down(使)(系统、大型设备)停止运转；(机构、企业)关闭 (3) shut off 切断煤气(或水等)的供应；停止供应煤气(或水等)；关闭机器 探索新知 11 3 advise /əd'vaɪz/ v. 建议；劝告 (教材P101) · My teacher advised me to read more books to improve writing skills. 我的老师建议我多读书以提高写作能力。 · The doctor advised him against staying up late every day. 医生劝告他不要每天熬夜。 · We advised that she (should) take a break before the exam. 我们建议她考试前休息一下。 探索新知 11 advise 动词，意为“建议；劝告”。 常见用法： (1) advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事，后接不定式作宾补； (2)advise doing sth. 建议做某事； (3)advise sb. against (doing) sth. 劝告某人不要做某事； (4) advise + that 从句，从句用虚拟语气，谓语为“should +动词原形”，should 可省略。 相关词汇：advice 不可数名词，意为“建议”，需搭配量词使用，例如：a piece of advice 一条建议。 探索新知 11 When it comes to earthquakes, what should people do to stay safe? 说到地震，人们为了保证安全应该怎么做？(教材P100) 分析结构：此句是含时间状语从句的特殊疑问句，结构为“时间状语从句(When it comes to + 名词/ 动名词)，特殊疑问句(特殊疑问词what + 情态动词+ 主语+ 谓语+ 其他)？”。 探究二 核心句式 探索新知 11 · When it comes to math, how do you solve difficult problems? 说到数学，你如何解决难题？ · When it comes to reading, she always shares interesting books with classmates. 说到阅读，她总是和同学们分享有趣的书籍。 When it comes to ... 是固定句型，意为“当提到……时；说到……时”，用于引出话题，后接名词、代词或动名词(v.-ing)。类似表达：talking of ...(谈到……)、speaking of ...(说起……)。 探索新知 11 $ 讲课人： 时间：202X. 单元语法 Unit 8 Natural disasters 11 观察下面的句子，写出下列画线单词的词根 1. The books are helpful to the children. __________ 2. The little girl still needs some confidence to give her English report in class. __________ 3. The water of Dead Sea is so salty that swimmers can’t go down underwater. __________ 4. It’s dangerous to cross the road when the traffic light is red. ________ 5. If you keep on working hard, you will be successful sooner or later. __________ help confident salt danger success 自主学习 11 所谓派生词，即在原词上加前缀或后缀构成另一个与原意略有不同或截然相反的词。 一 派生词 探索新知 11 考点1 派生词前缀 一般不造成词性的转变，而只引起意思上的变化，前缀中有相当一部分可构成反义词 e.g. un—unhappy 不高兴的； dis—dislike 不喜欢； im—impossible 不可能的 探索新知 11 考点2 后缀 (1) 构成名词的后缀常用的有：-er，-or，-ist，-ness，-ment，-tion，-ess，-ing 等 e.g. illness 疾病；government 政府；actress 女演员；meeting 会议 (2) 构成形容词的后缀常用的有：-ful，-less，-able，-ous，-y 等 e.g. helpful 有用的；cloudy 多云的；enjoyable 令人愉快的；dangerous 危险的；careless 粗心的 (3) 构成副词的后缀常用的有：-ly e.g. slowly 缓慢地；easily 容易地 探索新知 11 1. 名词转化为动词： water 水→ water 浇水；plant 植物→ plant 种植 2. 形容词转化为动词： cool 凉爽的→ cool(使)变凉、冷却；dry 干燥的→ dry(使)变干 3. 动词转化为名词： look 看；瞧→ look 看；瞧；swim 游泳→ swim 游泳 二 转化词 探索新知 11 一 用括号内词的适当形式填空 1. The little girl felt ________ (happy) because she lost her favorite toy. 2. It’s important to know how to ask for help ________(polite). 3. We went fishing last Sunday. ________(Lucky), it was sunny and warm. 4. Please type the ________(tour) names on the paper. 5. After having a ____________(discuss), we are in agreement. unhappy politely Luckily tourists’ discussion 对点突破 11 二 短文填空(语篇练语法) 阅读下面短文，根据提示补全句子。 It was reported that a heavy rainstorm was coming. When it came, Ben was cleaning the window and his sister, Alice, 6. ____________ (lie) in bed. She hurt her left leg in the school 7. ____________(篮球)game because she was too 8. ________ (excite). The doctor advised her to rest. was lying basketball excited 对点突破 11 Their father was repairing a bike because the bike was 9. _________ (break). 10. __________ (sudden) all the lights went off and then the rain began to beat 11. __________ (heavy) against the house. Ben provided some matches and candles for 12. _______ (they). Everyone waited until the power (电力供应) came back. broken Suddenly heavily them 对点突破 11 Many 13. ________ (fall) houses and trees reminded them of the heavy 14. ___________ (暴风雨). Ben and his family made a 15. ___________(decide) to help people rebuild their home. Although the storm broke many things apart, it brought families and neighbors closer together. fallen rainstorm decision 对点突破 11 $ 讲课人： 时间：202X. Lesson 5 Unit 8 Natural disasters 11 1 Read the passage and answer the questions. On June 1, 2013, an earthquake hit Ya’an, Sichuan Province. When the building began to shake, a teacher at Fengcun School shouted to his students, “Earthquake! Run!” 长难句分析：这是一个复合句。主句主语是a teacher，谓语是shouted to，宾语是his students，Earthquake! Run! 是直接引语，是老师呼喊的具体内容。When the building began to shake 是时间状语从句。 自主学习 11 He opened the door at the same time. All the students bent down, covered their heads with their hands, and quickly left the building from the front door in order. Amazingly, they all made it safely within just seven seconds, without any injuries. at the same time 意为“同时；与此同时；然而； 不过(用于引出似乎矛盾的观点、事实等 )” 。 in order“有序地；按顺序地” in order to“为了；以便” second 作名词，意为“秒；片刻；瞬间” second 作序数词，意为“第二(的)” 自主学习 11 From this incident, we can learn much about how to respond in times of danger. in times of“在……的时候；在……时期；当……发生时” 自主学习 11 a Overcome your fears and act quickly. The moment you feel the disaster coming, you should act without thinking twice. b Work with others. Teamwork increases survival chances. In times of disaster, the best survival strategy for people is usually to follow the group. 自主学习 11 c Do escape drills. Disasters can happen at any time. Practice often so you don’t have to stop to think during a real emergency. Remember: survival = calm + will to survive + knowledge of escape 长难句分析：这是一个复合句。主句是一个祈使句，Practice 是谓语，often 是状语。so you don’t have to stop to think during a real emergency 是so 引导的目的状语从句。 自主学习 11 A How did the people at Fengcun School respond when the earthquake struck? When the earthquake struck, a teacher at Fengcun School shouted to his students, “Earthquake! Run!” and opened the door. All the students bent down, covered their heads with their hands, and quickly left the building from the front door in order. They all made it safely within just seven seconds, without any injuries. 自主学习 11 B What are some important factors for people to consider during times of danger? Important factors include overcoming fears and acting quickly, working with others (teamwork), and doing escape drills regularly. 自主学习 11 2 Disasters may endanger our lives. What do you know about these disasters? Search the internet and complete the table. Earthquake Typhoon Flood Warning unusual animal behaviour strong wind signals rising water levels in rivers 自主学习 11 Earthquake Typhoon Flood Possible place in the coastal areas Possible time May to September June to August areas along tectonic plate boundaries occur suddenly river basins 自主学习 11 3 Work in groups. Talk about the disasters in Activity 2 and give some suggestions. A: What is the warning sign before...? B: ... A: Where/When does it often happen? B: ... often happens in... A: What should we do if...? B: First, we should... Useful expressions ·bend down/cover your head/leave quickly ·stay indoors/climb to high ground ·find floating objects/shout for help... 自主学习 11 4 Choose a disaster listed in Activity 2. Discuss and create an escape plan with your group members. · Mark the doors and windows in your classroom. · Mark the classrooms, offices, and stairways in your school. · Think about the direction of escape and design an escape route. · Write down the main points of escape. · Mark a safe location for your classmates and teachers to meet up after you escape the classroom. 自主学习 11 自主学习 11 5 Present your escape plan to the class. Choose the best plan for each situation and conduct an escape drill. 自主学习 11 The moment you feel the disaster coming, you should act without thinking twice. 你一感觉到灾难来临，就应该毫不犹豫地行动。(教材P108) 探究 核心句式 探索新知 11 分析结构: 这是一个含时间状语从句的复合句。逗号之前的是时间状语从句，引导词The moment 相当于As soon as，意为“一……就……”。主句结构：you 主语+ should act 谓语+ without thinking twice(介词短语作状语，意为“毫不犹豫地”)。 探索新知 11 · The moment the alarm rings, everyone must leave the building immediately. 警报一响，所有人必须立刻离开大楼。 · She called for help the moment she saw the fire. 她一看到火情就呼救了。 时间状语从句引导词：the moment = as soon as = the minute，均表示“一……就……”，强调动作的即时性。feel 的复合宾语结构：feel + 宾语 + 现在分词(表示正在进行的动作)。 探索新知 11 $ 讲课人： 时间：202X. 单元写作 自然灾害 Unit 8 Natural disasters 11 写作维度 本单元的写作主题是“自然灾害和防范”，一般涉及以下几个方面：(1)描述某类自然灾害的特点与影响 (2)给出特定场景下的防灾建议 (3)叙述一次灾害经历或模拟逃生过程等。 单元写作 11 写作模板 自然灾害 第一步，介绍这次自然灾害的结果； 第二步，介绍我们国家是如何应对这次自然灾害的； 第三步，介绍作为学生应该做什么。 单元写作 11 黄金语料(从教材内外积累好句) 开头段 ① Earthquakes always happen suddenly, so it is difficult to warn people about them. ② Disastrous heavy rains occurred in our hometown. ③ In December 2023, some parts of our country experienced a heavy snowstorm. 单元写作 11 中间段 ① When you’re inside, you mustn’t jump out of high buildings. ② You should stay away from windows and heavy furniture. ③ The snowstorm was a challenge, but with everyone’s effort, we overcame it. ④ What’s more, you must keep calm, be brave and helpful. ⑤ And they did their best to fight against... ⑥ Many trees fell down, blocking the roads and destroying power lines. ⑦ Our country took quick action to deal with the snowstorm. ⑧ When you are outside, you’d better keep away from... 单元写作 11 结尾段 ① After a long time, everything went on very well. ② As students, we should also do our part. ③ We should learn to understand how to deal with natural disasters. 单元写作 11 经典例题(从经典例题学会审题) 2023年12月，我们国家的部分地区遭遇了多年不遇的罕见暴雪。请以“The Snowstorm”为题，根据提示并结合所学内容，写一篇不少于80词的英语作文。 提示词： experience，destroy(破坏)，fall down，traffic(交通)，send ①What was the result of the snowstorm? ②What did our country do with the snowstorm? ③What should we do as a student? 单元写作 11 The Snowstorm _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 审要点：雪灾结果、国家的应对措施、学生应采取的行动 审体裁：记叙文（夹叙夹议） 审时态：一般过去时、一般现在时 审人称：第一人称、第三人称 单元写作 11 精彩范文展示 The Snowstorm In December 2023, some parts of our country experienced a heavy snowstorm that was rarely seen before. Many trees fell down, blocking the roads and destroying power lines. The traffic was seriously affected, and many people had to stay at home. ①In 2023, Canada experienced many big forest fires, affecting an area of over 60,000 square kilometres.（教材P106） 单元写作 11 Our country took quick action to deal with the snowstorm. The government sent rescue teams to clear the roads and restore the power supply. They also provided food and warm clothes for those in need. ②The PLA troops fought against this terrible flood and protected millions of people from drowning.（教材P106） 单元写作 11 As students, we should also do our part. We can help clear the snow in our neighborhood or volunteer to help those affected. We should learn to understand how to deal with natural disasters. ③For typhoons, we should stay indoors, away from windows and from any dangerous objects outside.（教材P100） 单元写作 11 The snowstorm was a challenge, but with everyone’s effort, we overcame it. 单元写作 11 【亮点词块】 take quick action 立刻行动 provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物 those in need 有需要的人 with everyone’s effort 在大家的努力下 【高分句子】 In December 2023, some parts of our country experienced a heavy snowstorm that was rarely seen before. (定语从句) 2023年12月，我国部分地区经历了一场罕见的强暴雪。 单元写作 11 实战演练 自然灾害时有发生，而且发生得很突然，很难预警。请你以“地震”为主题，根据以下提示写一篇主题报告，给同学们提供一些地震逃生的建议。 单元写作 11 Inside Outside *Don’t jump out of high buildings. *Stay away from bridges ... *Hide under the table, but stay away from ... *If you are in a car, stay inside. *When the ground stops shaking, ... *In the mountains, be careful of ... Stay calm, be brave ... 单元写作 11 注意事项： 1. 短文词数：不少于80。 2. 短文必须包含以上内容，但可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3.文中不得出现真实的人名和地名。 What to do in an earthquake __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 单元写作 11 范文参考 What to do in an earthquake Earthquakes always happen suddenly, so it is difficult to warn people about them. Here is some advice for you to keep safe. When you’re inside, you mustn’t jump out of high buildings. You can hide under a table. And you should stay away from windows and heavy furniture. You’d better leave the building quickly when the ground stops shaking. But don’t use the lifts. 单元写作 11 When you are outside, you’d better keep away from bridges, trees, street lights or power lines. When you’re in a car or on a bus, you should stay inside. When you are in the mountains, you should be careful of falling rocks. What’s more, you must keep calm, be brave and be helpful. If you follow the advice, you can be safe and help save others. 单元写作 11 $