寒假作业01 现在完成时（巩固培优）八年级英语新教材外研版

限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业01 现在完成时 现在完成时的用法： 时态 含义 结构 时间状语 现在完成时 表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响，或者表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态 has/have+动词的过去分词形式 since，for，so far，already，yet，recently，ever，twice，in the last /past few years 现在完成时的句型结构： 【易错警示】 1. 与表示一段时间的标志词连用，短暂性动词要变为持续性动词（见下表）。表示一段时间的标志词有：for，since，how long。 2. 常用的现在完成时的句型结构 （1）It has been / It’s+时间段+since+过去时从句 / 过去的时间 如：It has been / It‘s three years since we met each other last time. 自从我们上次见面以来已经有三年了。 （2）时间段+has passed+since+过去时从句 如：Many years has passed since we knew each other. 我们已经认识多年了。 3. 现在完成时用法辨析 （1）already用于肯定句；yet用于否定句或疑问句。 如：He has already told me the secret. 他已经告诉我这个秘密了。 I haven’t fed my pet dog yet. 我还没喂我的宠物狗。 （2）for+一段时间，表示“持续……” since+ 过去的时间点 / 过去时的句子，表示“自从……以来” 。 如：I have studied in this school for 3 years. 我已经在这所学校学习了三年。 I have studied in this school since 3 years ago. 我从三年前开始就在这所学校学习了。 I have studied in this school since I was 12 years old. 自从我12岁以来就在这学校学习了。 （3）have been to/have gone to/have been（in/at）区别 have been to表示“曾经去过（人已回来）” have gone to意为“已经去了（人不在这里）” have been （in/ at …） 表示“待在……一段时间”。 如：Have you ever been to HK? 你曾经去过香港吗？ Linda isn’t at home. She has gone to the library. 琳达不在家，她已经去了图书馆。 The Greens have been in China for 10 years. 格林一家人已经待在中国10年了。 （4）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别： 现在完成时侧重对现在的影响；一般过去时只是对过去的描述，不强调影响，是过去的时间点发生的事情。When提问时间点，不能跟现在完成时连用。 如：I have had breakfast. 我已经吃了早餐了。（已经饱了，不用再吃了） I had breakfast. 我吃过早餐了。（普通描述过去的事情，没有饱不饱的含义） Derek has watched the movie. When did he watch it? 德里克已经看过这电影了。他什么时候看的？ 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、单项选择 1．—________ you ________ your homework yet? —Yes, I’ve done it already. A．Are; finishing B．Will; finish C．Have; finished D．Do; finish 2．— Jenny, the package you’re looking forward to ________. — Great! A．arriving B．has arrived C．has reached D．arrived 3．—Sam, what do you think of the movie YOLO? —It is one of the most popular movies this year. I ________ it twice. A．have watched B．will watch C．watch 4．—Has he got any chocolate? —Yes, ______. A．she has B．he does C．he has D．he hasn’t 5．—Look! Someone ________ the room up! —Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it. A．tidies B．has tidied C．will tidy D．is tidying 6．—How long ______ you ______ this dictionary? —For three years. I bought it in 2022. A．have; borrowed B．did; borrow C．have; kept D．did; keep 7．—Where is Mr. Jones? —He ________ back to America. He ________ for a couple of weeks. A．went; has left B．has gone; has left C．has gone; has been away D．went; has been away 8．The old man ________ for three years. A．has died B．died C．has been dead D．was dead 9．I ________ back in the UK for three days, but it ________ like a century. A．am; feel B．have been; feels C．have been; feel D．am; felt 10．—Is Mr. Chen at home? —No, he ________ Hangzhou for a medical meeting. He has been there ________ 3 days ago. A．has been to; for B．has gone to; since C．has been to; since D．has gone to; for 11．I still remember my first English teacher, though we ________ each other for a long time. A．don’t see B．didn’t see C．haven’t seen D．won’t see 12．—Where ________ Tom ________? —I don’t know. Why ________? A．has gone; don’t you call him B．has been; not call him C．has gone to; didn’t you call him 13．—______ Tom ______ to the Great Wall? —Yes. He ______ there with his parents last summer. A．Has; been; went B．Did; go; has been C．Has; been; has gone D．Did; go; went 14．—Has anybody ________ been to Mars? —No, not ________. Maybe in the future. A．already; yet B．ever; yet C．yet; ever 15．They have ________ finished doing the housework, but they haven’t done their homework ________. A．already; yet B．yet; already C．yet; yet D．already; already 二、用所给词的正确形式填空 16．They already (clean) the classroom. 17．He has just (reach) the grand old age of 95. 18．This is the first time I (visit) the Great Wall. 19．The old couple have been (marry) for fifty years. 20．I (not see) my friend for a long time. 21．Tom (not finish) his homework yet. 22．Scientists (send) many space probes to explore the solar system so far. 23．We (know) each other since we met at school when we were children. 24．—James, the match will begin soon. Is Paul coming? —Yes. I (tell) him the time and place. 25．There (be) great changes in Kunming since 2009. 一、语法选择 In Zibo, Shandong, there lives 1 amazing 77-year-old woman named Li Xiurong. She is known as “Basketball Grandma” because she plays basketball every day. She can play basketball well 2 she started doing this in her sixties. Her love for basketball began because of her grandson. She wanted to play with him so she 3 to learn the game. Now, even though her grandson has grown up, Li 4 basketball for over ten years and finds it an important part of her life. Every day, she spends at least two hours 5 on the court in her community, and her skills 6 so great that they inspire (鼓舞) many young people. She always plays in her red sneakers (运动鞋) and says, “Basketball keeps 7 healthy and happy”. Her story shows us that age is just a number, and we 8 never give up on our passions. With her positive spirit, she teaches everyone that staying active is important for 9 physical and mental (心理的) health. 10 active and inspiring old lady she is! 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．and B．but C．because 3．A．decide B．decides C．decided 4．A．plays B．played C．has played 5．A．practise B．practising C．to practise 6．A．am B．is C．are 7．A．I B．my C．me 8．A．should B．need C．can 9．A．all B．both C．either 10．A．How B．What C．What an 二、完形填空 Every evening, as Tom zipped up his school bag, his dad would put a warm hand on his shoulder. “Ready for tomorrow, buddy?” he’d ask with a smile. Then, he would pat his shoulder gently, look into his eyes, and say firmly, “Be brave.” Next, he’d stroke Tom’s hair and 11 , “Be sharing.” Finally, he’d touch Tom’s nose, laughter in his tone, “Be smiling.” Three little words, like tiny 12 , planted in Tom’s heart. On Monday morning, Tom’s class had a speech competition. He felt his knees shaking as he stood backstage. 13 , he remembered dad’s words “Be brave”. He took a deep breath, 14 the stage, and spoke clearly. Finally, the class clapped loudly, and Tom took pride in himself. During the break, Tom noticed his classmate Lily sitting alone on the bench, staring at her 15 pencil case and her eyes looked teary. “Oh, no,” Tom thought. Then dad’s words “ 16 ” hit him. He ran over and said, “I have an extra pencil case. You can use it today!” Lily’s face lit up right away. After school, in the school library, Tom 17 his favorite book The Adventures of Max the Dog, but Jake grabbed it at the same time. “I saw it first!” Jake said in a 18 voice. Tom’s heart dropped and he almost argued, but dad’s words “Smiling” popped up. 19 being upset, Tom smiled, saying “Let’s read together!” Leaving school that day, Tom felt a deep sense of satisfaction. He realized his dad’s words were like a 20 guiding him to grow. And as the sun set, Tom couldn’t wait for tomorrow—ready to carry those words and his dad’s love, with him all over again. 11．A．ask B．shout C．answer D．add 12．A．seeds B．stones C．flowers D．leaves 13．A．Slowly B．Suddenly C．Accidentally D．Angrily 14．A．jumped down B．walked onto C．looked over D．stepped out 15．A．new B．scary C．broken D．beautiful 16．A．Encouraging B．Sharing C．Smiling D．Waiting 17．A．reached for B．looked for C．paid for D．cared for 18．A．soft B．sharp C．sweet D．disappointed 19．A．Compared with B．Because of C．Instead of D．Thanks to 20．A．compass B．watch C．toy D．pen 三、阅读理解 In recent years, short-form videos have become popular around the world. Compared with traditional long-form videos, they are more convenient. However, some Chinese researchers have some worries. They have recently studied how short-form videos reshape our brains and influence our genes. The new study found that watching short-form videos could increase brain activity (活跃性). This may lead to various biological and nervous system problems. For the study, the researchers picked out 111 college students between the ages of 17 and 30 who liked to use social media. Researchers collected their brain imaging data using MRI scans (磁共振扫描) to see the nerve system effects of short-form videos, especially in terms of structural changes and functional activity in the brain. The results were astonishing. Students who spent more time on short-form videos had different brain structures and functions from others. There is an increase in gray matter in two brain regions, which help people make decisions, deal with information and control their emotions. This change makes the brain more sensitive to the quick pleasure of watching one video after another. That’s why it’s harder for these students to stop using short-form video apps. Moreover, the researchers found nearly 500 genes that are related to brain changes from short-form video addiction. Interestingly, most of these genes show greater activity when people are teenagers. This shows that the teenage years are a weak period—people at this age may be more likely to get addicted to short-form videos. 21．What did the research mainly study? A．Basic structure of human brains. B．Common behaviours of the teenagers. C．Influences of short-form videos on our brains. D．Popularity of short-form videos among the young. 22．What does the underlined word “astonishing” mean? A．Surprising. B．Boring. C．Common. D．Simple. 23．What does more brain sensitivity lead to? A．Easier addiction. B．Faster learning. C．Better decisions. D．Calmer emotions. 24．Why might teenagers be more easily addicted to short-form videos? A．Because they use mobile phones more frequently. B．Because they have more free time to use apps. C．Because some genes are more active at their age. D．Because the brain development is largely complete. 25．Which of the following is most likely to be shown next? A．Ways for doctors to treat video addiction symptoms. B．Methods for parents to manage their own video use time. C．Advice for teenagers to reduce short-form video addiction. D．Tips for schools to educate all the people on video risks. 四、七选五 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Setting goals is important. Although it can be a lot of work, it can also be fun and exciting. 26 . First of all, choose a goal that’s just right for you. 27 It should be a goal that you can reach. Second, make a plan. If you want to read some books, maybe you can read a few pages every day before bed. If you want to get better at football, you can practise it for half an hour every day. 28 Third, try to keep your plan. For example, you can tell a friend, your mum or your dad about your plan and ask them to watch over you as you follow your plan. Last, enjoy it. 29 Remember to celebrate the small wins along the way. The journey to your goal is often as fun as reaching it. 30 Remember, always keep it fun and don’t be hard on yourself. Good luck on your goal-setting journey. A．Are you ready to set a goal now? B．It shouldn’t be too big or too small. C．Reaching your goal should be enjoyable. D．Tell your goal to someone who has a similar one. E．It’s like making small goals to help you reach your big goal. F．Here is how you can make your goal-setting easier and more fun. G．What do you like to do when you are free? 五、任务型阅读 请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答下面问题。要求用完整句子作答，并将答案写在答题卡指定的位置。 “Four great inventions” in ancient China are important symbols of the country. Now China has “new four great inventions”—mobile payment, high-speed trains, bike sharing and online shopping. They are changing people’s lives in China and maybe all over the world. Mobile payment Mobile payment has become a part of Chinese people’s everyday life because it makes their lives much easier. “My wallet is not in use any longer. I can buy almost anything I want with my mobile phone,” said Lin. “Even vegetable sellers are using mobile payment.” High-speed trains By the end of 2016, China had the world’s largest high-speed railway network. More than 2,500 high-speed trains are running across China each day. Lin Jinlong, a foreign student from Cambodia, shared his experience of traveling by Chinese high-speed train from Beijing to Tianjin. The two cities are over 100km away, but the trip took only about half an hour. “That was amazing!” Lin said. Bike sharing Bike sharing is not new itself, but the bike sharing in China is special—it allows users to pick a bike anywhere in the city and leave it anywhere at the end of their journey. It’s really easy, cheap and green. A bike sharing company called Mobike has even brought the service to other countries. Online shopping You are out if you have never shopped online. Now you can buy almost everything from websites like Taobao and JD, and your things usually come on the same day or the next day. China’s online shopping makes many foreigners feel excited. 1．What are the “new four great inventions” of China? 2．Why has mobile payment become a part of Chinese people’s everyday life? 3．How long did Lin Jinlong’s high-speed train trip from Beijing to Tianjin take? 4．Where can users pick a bike when using bike sharing in China? 5．How do foreigners feel about China’s online shopping? 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业01 现在完成时 现在完成时的用法： 时态 含义 结构 时间状语 现在完成时 表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响，或者表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态 has/have+动词的过去分词形式 since，for，so far，already，yet，recently，ever，twice，in the last /past few years 现在完成时的句型结构： 【易错警示】 1. 与表示一段时间的标志词连用，短暂性动词要变为持续性动词（见下表）。表示一段时间的标志词有：for，since，how long。 2. 常用的现在完成时的句型结构 （1）It has been / It’s+时间段+since+过去时从句 / 过去的时间 如：It has been / It‘s three years since we met each other last time. 自从我们上次见面以来已经有三年了。 （2）时间段+has passed+since+过去时从句 如：Many years has passed since we knew each other. 我们已经认识多年了。 3. 现在完成时用法辨析 （1）already用于肯定句；yet用于否定句或疑问句。 如：He has already told me the secret. 他已经告诉我这个秘密了。 I haven’t fed my pet dog yet. 我还没喂我的宠物狗。 （2）for+一段时间，表示“持续……” since+ 过去的时间点 / 过去时的句子，表示“自从……以来” 。 如：I have studied in this school for 3 years. 我已经在这所学校学习了三年。 I have studied in this school since 3 years ago. 我从三年前开始就在这所学校学习了。 I have studied in this school since I was 12 years old. 自从我12岁以来就在这学校学习了。 （3）have been to/have gone to/have been（in/at）区别 have been to表示“曾经去过（人已回来）” have gone to意为“已经去了（人不在这里）” have been （in/ at …） 表示“待在……一段时间”。 如：Have you ever been to HK? 你曾经去过香港吗？ Linda isn’t at home. She has gone to the library. 琳达不在家，她已经去了图书馆。 The Greens have been in China for 10 years. 格林一家人已经待在中国10年了。 （4）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别： 现在完成时侧重对现在的影响；一般过去时只是对过去的描述，不强调影响，是过去的时间点发生的事情。When提问时间点，不能跟现在完成时连用。 如：I have had breakfast. 我已经吃了早餐了。（已经饱了，不用再吃了） I had breakfast. 我吃过早餐了。（普通描述过去的事情，没有饱不饱的含义） Derek has watched the movie. When did he watch it? 德里克已经看过这电影了。他什么时候看的？ 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、单项选择 1．—________ you ________ your homework yet? —Yes, I’ve done it already. A．Are; finishing B．Will; finish C．Have; finished D．Do; finish 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你已经完成你的作业了吗？——是的，我已经做完了。 考查动词时态。根据答句“Yes, I’ve done it already.”可知，问句是在询问是否已经完成了作业，“already”和“yet”常与现在完成时连用，现在完成时的结构是“have/has + 过去分词”，主语是“you”，所以应该用“have finished”。故选C。 2．— Jenny, the package you’re looking forward to ________. — Great! A．arriving B．has arrived C．has reached D．arrived 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——珍妮，你期待的那个包裹已经到达了。——太棒了！ 考查现在完成时及动词辨析。主句主语是“the package”，需谓语动词；“包裹到达”对现在有影响，用现在完成时（has+过去分词）。“arrive”是不及物动词，可单独作谓语；“reach”是及物动词，后需接宾语。故选B。 3．—Sam, what do you think of the movie YOLO? —It is one of the most popular movies this year. I ________ it twice. A．have watched B．will watch C．watch 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——Sam，你觉得电影《热辣滚烫》怎么样？——它是今年最受欢迎的电影之一。我已经看了两遍了。 考查动词时态。根据“twice”可知，此处表达已经看了两遍了，应用现在完成时。故选A。 4．—Has he got any chocolate? —Yes, ______. A．she has B．he does C．he has D．he hasn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——他有巧克力吗？——是的，他有。 考查一般疑问句和现在完成时。根据问句“Has he got any chocolate?”和“Yes,”可知，问句时态为现在完成时，此处应对has引导的一般疑问句进行肯定回答，主语为“he”，所以答语可以表达为：Yes, he has。故选C。 5．—Look! Someone ________ the room up! —Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it. A．tidies B．has tidied C．will tidy D．is tidying 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——看！有人已经打扫了房间！——嗯，那不是我。我没做。 考查动词时态。tidies打扫（一般现在时）；has tidied已经打扫（现在完成时）；will tidy将要打扫（一般将来时）；is tidying正在打扫（现在进行时）。根据答语“it wasn’t me”可知，动作已完成并对现在有影响，时态用现在完成时。故选B。 6．—How long ______ you ______ this dictionary? —For three years. I bought it in 2022. A．have; borrowed B．did; borrow C．have; kept D．did; keep 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你拥有这本字典多久了？——三年了。我是在2022年买的。 考查现在完成时和延续性动词的用法。borrow借，短暂性动词；keep保留，持有，延续性动词。根据答语“For three years. I bought it in 2022.”可知，For three years表明问句应该使用现在完成时，结构为“have+动词过去分词”，应该使用延续性动词keep的过去分词kept，在句中与“for+时间段”连用，表示持续状态。故选C。 7．—Where is Mr. Jones? —He ________ back to America. He ________ for a couple of weeks. A．went; has left B．has gone; has left C．has gone; has been away D．went; has been away 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Jones先生在哪里？——他已经回美国了。他已经离开几个星期了。 考查现在完成时和动词延续性用法。根据“—Where is Mr. Jones? —He ... back to America. He ... for a couple of weeks.”可知，第一空表示“回美国”的动作已完成且人未返回，应用现在完成时态，用has gone；第二空所在句子中for a couple of weeks，表时间段，“离开”需表示持续状态，非延续性动词leave不能直接接时间段，需改用has been away。故选C。 8．The old man ________ for three years. A．has died B．died C．has been dead D．was dead 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这位老人已经去世三年了。 考查时态。根据“for three years”可知，时态为现在完成时，且用延续性动词，C项符合。故选C。 9．I ________ back in the UK for three days, but it ________ like a century. A．am; feel B．have been; feels C．have been; feel D．am; felt 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我回到英国已经三天了，但它感觉像是一个世纪。 考查时态及主谓一致。根据“for three days”可知，第一个空表示动作从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时have been，排除A、D选项；第二个空主语it是第三人称单数，谓语动词需用单数形式feels，排除C选项。故选B。 10．—Is Mr. Chen at home? —No, he ________ Hangzhou for a medical meeting. He has been there ________ 3 days ago. A．has been to; for B．has gone to; since C．has been to; since D．has gone to; for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——陈先生在家吗？——不，他已经去杭州参加一个医疗会议了。他从三天前起就在那里了。 考查现在完成时态has gone to/has been to的区别以及时间状语for/since的用法。has been to去了已回，for后接时间段；has gone to去了某地未回，since自从，后接时间点。根据“No, he...Hangzhou for a medical meeting.”可知，他不在家，说明他未回来，排除AC选项；根据“3 days ago”可知，此处为时间点。故选B。 11．I still remember my first English teacher, though we ________ each other for a long time. A．don’t see B．didn’t see C．haven’t seen D．won’t see 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我仍然记得我的第一位英语老师，尽管我们很长时间没见到彼此了。 考查动词时态辨析。根据“for a long time”可知，此处强调“没见面”这一状态从过去开始并持续到现在，需用现在完成时。故选C。 12．—Where ________ Tom ________? —I don’t know. Why ________? A．has gone; don’t you call him B．has been; not call him C．has gone to; didn’t you call him 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——汤姆去哪里了？——我不知道。为什么不给他打电话呢？ 考查现在完成时和特殊疑问句。has gone表示“去了某地（还未回来）”，has been表示“去过某地（已回来）”；“Why don’t you do sth.?”是固定句型，意为“为什么不做某事呢？”，用于提出建议。第一空根据语境“不知道汤姆现在在哪里”，可知他还未回来，且where是地点副词，用has gone；第二空用固定句型“Why don’t you call him?”。故选A。 13．—______ Tom ______ to the Great Wall? —Yes. He ______ there with his parents last summer. A．Has; been; went B．Did; go; has been C．Has; been; has gone D．Did; go; went 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——Tom去过长城吗？——是的。他去年夏天和他的父母去了那里。 考查动词时态。根据“Yes. He...there with his parents last summer.”可知，问句询问“是否去过”（经历），需用现在完成时（has/have been to）；答句有具体过去时间“last summer”，需用一般过去时描述过去事件，所以填went。故选A。 14．—Has anybody ________ been to Mars? —No, not ________. Maybe in the future. A．already; yet B．ever; yet C．yet; ever 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——是否有人曾经去过火星？——不，还没有。或许在未来。 考查现在完成时中的时间状语辨析。already已经，多用于肯定句中；ever曾经；常用于疑问句中；yet还、尚未，常用于否定句中。根据“Has anybody...been to Mars?”可知，这是现在完成时的一般疑问句，且用于询问经历，在现在完成时的疑问句中，询问经历时常用ever表示“曾经”；根据“No, not...”可知，这是否定回答，表示“不，还没有”，强调“尚未”完成或发生，应使用yet。故选B。 15．They have ________ finished doing the housework, but they haven’t done their homework ________. A．already; yet B．yet; already C．yet; yet D．already; already 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他们早已完成家务活，但是他们还没完成他们的家庭作业。 考查动词时态。already早已；yet用于否定句和疑问句，谈论尚未发生但可能发生的事。在现在完成时中，already用于肯定，yet用于否定。根据“They have ... finished doing the housework, but they haven’t done their homework ...”可知，第一空为肯定，第二空为否定。故选A。 二、用所给词的正确形式填空 16．They already (clean) the classroom. 【答案】 have cleaned 【详解】句意：他们已经打扫了教室。根据“already”可知，时态为现在完成时，主语是They，助动词用have，clean的过去分词是cleaned。故填have；cleaned。 17．He has just (reach) the grand old age of 95. 【答案】reached 【详解】句意：他刚刚到了95岁高龄。“has+过去分词”构成现在完成时，reach的过去分词是reached。故填reached。 18．This is the first time I (visit) the Great Wall. 【答案】have visited 【详解】句意：这是我第一次参观长城。根据“This is the first time…”可知，此处是固定句型“This/It is the first/second/... time that...”，表示“这是第……次做……”，从句中谓语动词要用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+done”，主语是I，助动词用have，visit的过去分词是visited。故填have visited。 19．The old couple have been (marry) for fifty years. 【答案】married 【详解】句意： 这对老夫妇已经结婚五十年了。根据“have been... for fifty years”可知，此处是现在完成时态，表示持续的状态。表示“结婚”这一状态，应用形容词“married”。故填married。 20．I (not see) my friend for a long time. 【答案】haven’t seen 【详解】句意：我已经很久没见到我的朋友了。根据“for a long time”可知，这里需要用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语是I，否定形式为haven’t seen，符合语境。故填haven’t seen。 21．Tom (not finish) his homework yet. 【答案】hasn’t finished 【详解】句意：汤姆还没有完成作业。根据句中“yet”可知，该句时态为现在完成时；又根据该句主语“Tom”是第三人称单数，结合所给词可知，此处应填入hasn’t finished，作谓语。故填hasn’t finished。 22．Scientists (send) many space probes to explore the solar system so far. 【答案】have sent 【详解】句意：到目前为止，科学家们已经发射了许多太空探测器来探索太阳系。“send”意为“发射、发送”，句中“so far”是现在完成时的标志词，现在完成时结构为“have/has+过去分词”；主语“Scientists”是复数，所以用“have”，“send”的过去分词是“sent”，故填have sent。 23．We (know) each other since we met at school when we were children. 【答案】have known 【详解】句意：我们自从小时候在学校见面就彼此认识了。根据“since we met at school when we were children”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语“We”是第一人称复数，助动词用have，know的过去分词为known。故填have known。 24．—James, the match will begin soon. Is Paul coming? —Yes. I (tell) him the time and place. 【答案】have told 【详解】句意：——James，比赛很快就要开始了。Paul会来吗？——会的。我已经告诉他时间和地点了。根据“Yes. I...him the time and place.”可知，此处指已经告诉了Paul比赛的时间和地点，因此需要使用现在完成时来表达这个动作已经完成，现在完成时的结构是have/has+过去分词，主语是I，用have，tell的过去分词是told。故填have told。 25．There (be) great changes in Kunming since 2009. 【答案】have been 【详解】句意：自2009年以来，昆明发生了巨大的变化。be“是”。根据“since 2009”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，根据“changes”是复数可知，此处应用have been。故填have been。 一、语法选择 In Zibo, Shandong, there lives 1 amazing 77-year-old woman named Li Xiurong. She is known as “Basketball Grandma” because she plays basketball every day. She can play basketball well 2 she started doing this in her sixties. Her love for basketball began because of her grandson. She wanted to play with him so she 3 to learn the game. Now, even though her grandson has grown up, Li 4 basketball for over ten years and finds it an important part of her life. Every day, she spends at least two hours 5 on the court in her community, and her skills 6 so great that they inspire (鼓舞) many young people. She always plays in her red sneakers (运动鞋) and says, “Basketball keeps 7 healthy and happy”. Her story shows us that age is just a number, and we 8 never give up on our passions. With her positive spirit, she teaches everyone that staying active is important for 9 physical and mental (心理的) health. 10 active and inspiring old lady she is! 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．and B．but C．because 3．A．decide B．decides C．decided 4．A．plays B．played C．has played 5．A．practise B．practising C．to practise 6．A．am B．is C．are 7．A．I B．my C．me 8．A．should B．need C．can 9．A．all B．both C．either 10．A．How B．What C．What an 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文讲述了山东淄博77岁的李秀荣奶奶因热爱篮球被称为“篮球奶奶”的故事，介绍了她接触篮球的缘由、坚持打球的经历，以及她的故事传递出的“年龄只是数字，要坚持热爱”的积极精神。 1．句意：在山东淄博，住着一位了不起的77岁老人，名叫李秀荣。 a一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the这个，特指。根据“amazing 77-year-old woman”可知，amazing以元音音素/ə/开头，因此需用不定冠词an。故选B。 2．句意：她篮球打得很好，但她是在六十多岁才开始打的。 and表并列，but表转折，because表原因。根据句子“She can play basketball well...she started doing this in her sixties.”可知，“球打得好”与“六十多岁才开始”是转折关系，用but。故选B。 3．句意：她想要和孙子一起玩，所以决定学习这项运动。 decide动词原形；decides第三人称单数；decided过去式。根据“she wanted to play with him”可知，动作发生在过去，应使用一般过去时，decide的过去式是decided。故选C。 4．句意：现在，尽管她的孙子已经长大，李奶奶已经打了十多年篮球，并且觉得这是她生活中重要的一部分。 plays一般现在时；played一般过去时；has played现在完成时。根据“for over ten years”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，应使用现在完成时，其构成have/has+过去分词。主语是Li第三人称单数，助动词用has。故选C。 5．句意：每天，她至少花两个小时在社区的球场上练习。 practise动词原形；practising动名词；to practise动词不定式。根据固定搭配spend time doing sth.“花时间做某事”，可知应用动名词practising。故选B。 6．句意：她的球技如此出色，鼓舞了许多年轻人。 am主语是I；is主语是单数；are主语是复数。根据主语“her skills”可知，是复数名词，谓语动词应用复数形式。故选C。 7．句意：篮球让我保持健康和快乐。 I主格；my物主代词；me宾格。根据“keeps...healthy and happy”可知，keep是动词，后接人称代词的宾格形式，故选C。 8．句意：她的故事告诉我们，年龄只是一个数字，我们永远不应该放弃自己的热爱。 should应该，need需要，can能够。根据“we...never give up on our passions”可知，此处表达一种建议或劝告，强调“应当坚持热爱”，用should。故选A。 9．句意：凭借她积极向上的精神，她教导每个人保持积极乐观对于身心健康都至关重要。 all全部，三者及以上；both两者都；either两者之一。根据“physical and mental health”可知，是身体和心理两个方面，both...and...表示“两者都”，故选B。 10．句意：她是一位多么积极且鼓舞人心的老人啊！ How修饰形容词/副词；What修饰名词；What an用于可数名词单数前。根据“active and inspiring old lady she is”可知，中心词是可数名词单数old lady，且前面有形容词active and inspiring，构成“What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主谓！”结构。且active以元音音素开头，需用What an。故选C。 二、完形填空 Every evening, as Tom zipped up his school bag, his dad would put a warm hand on his shoulder. “Ready for tomorrow, buddy?” he’d ask with a smile. Then, he would pat his shoulder gently, look into his eyes, and say firmly, “Be brave.” Next, he’d stroke Tom’s hair and 11 , “Be sharing.” Finally, he’d touch Tom’s nose, laughter in his tone, “Be smiling.” Three little words, like tiny 12 , planted in Tom’s heart. On Monday morning, Tom’s class had a speech competition. He felt his knees shaking as he stood backstage. 13 , he remembered dad’s words “Be brave”. He took a deep breath, 14 the stage, and spoke clearly. Finally, the class clapped loudly, and Tom took pride in himself. During the break, Tom noticed his classmate Lily sitting alone on the bench, staring at her 15 pencil case and her eyes looked teary. “Oh, no,” Tom thought. Then dad’s words “ 16 ” hit him. He ran over and said, “I have an extra pencil case. You can use it today!” Lily’s face lit up right away. After school, in the school library, Tom 17 his favorite book The Adventures of Max the Dog, but Jake grabbed it at the same time. “I saw it first!” Jake said in a 18 voice. Tom’s heart dropped and he almost argued, but dad’s words “Smiling” popped up. 19 being upset, Tom smiled, saying “Let’s read together!” Leaving school that day, Tom felt a deep sense of satisfaction. He realized his dad’s words were like a 20 guiding him to grow. And as the sun set, Tom couldn’t wait for tomorrow—ready to carry those words and his dad’s love, with him all over again. 11．A．ask B．shout C．answer D．add 12．A．seeds B．stones C．flowers D．leaves 13．A．Slowly B．Suddenly C．Accidentally D．Angrily 14．A．jumped down B．walked onto C．looked over D．stepped out 15．A．new B．scary C．broken D．beautiful 16．A．Encouraging B．Sharing C．Smiling D．Waiting 17．A．reached for B．looked for C．paid for D．cared for 18．A．soft B．sharp C．sweet D．disappointed 19．A．Compared with B．Because of C．Instead of D．Thanks to 20．A．compass B．watch C．toy D．pen 【答案】 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．B 15．C 16．B 17．A 18．B 19．C 20．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了汤姆的爸爸每天晚上都会对他说三句话：“要勇敢”“要分享”“要微笑”，让他顺利克服问题，最终汤姆意识到爸爸的话就像指南针，陪伴他成长。 11．句意：接着，他会抚摸汤姆的头发，补充道：“要分享。” ask询问；shout大喊；answer回答；add补充。根据前文爸爸已经说了“Be brave”，此处是接着说另一句话，属于补充内容，故选D。 12．句意：三个小小的词语，像小小的种子，种在了汤姆的心里。 seeds种子；stones石头；flowers花；leaves叶子。根据后文“planted in Tom’s heart”，可知“种植”搭配的是种子，故选A。 13．句意：突然，他想起了爸爸的话“要勇敢”。 Slowly慢慢地；Suddenly突然；Accidentally意外地；Angrily生气地。根据前文“He felt his knees shaking as he stood backstage”，可知汤姆原本紧张，此时突然想起爸爸的话，故选B。 14．句意：他深吸一口气，走上舞台，说话清晰。 jumped down跳下；walked onto走上；looked over检查；stepped out走出。根据前文“stood backstage”以及后文“spoke clearly”，可知汤姆从后台走上舞台演讲，故选B。 15．句意：课间，汤姆注意到他的同学莉莉独自坐在长椅上，盯着她坏掉的铅笔盒，眼睛看起来泪汪汪的。 new新的；scary可怕的；broken坏掉的；beautiful美丽的。根据后文“her eyes looked teary”以及汤姆主动提供铅笔盒，可知莉莉的铅笔盒坏了，所以难过，故选C。 16．句意：然后爸爸的话“要分享”涌上心头。 Encouraging鼓励的；Sharing分享的；Smiling微笑的；Waiting等待的。根据后文“He ran over and said, ‘I have an extra pencil case. You can use it today!’”，可知汤姆主动分享铅笔盒，对应爸爸说的“Be sharing”，故选B。 17．句意：放学后，在学校图书馆里，汤姆伸手去拿他最喜欢的书《马克斯狗的冒险》，但杰克同时抓住了它。 reached for伸手去拿；looked for寻找；paid for支付；cared for关心。根据后文“but Jake grabbed it at the same time”，可知汤姆正要拿起书时被杰克抓住，故选A。 18．句意：“我先看到的！”杰克用尖锐的声音说。 soft柔软的；sharp尖锐的；sweet甜美的；disappointed失望的。根据前文两人同时抓住书，杰克强调自己先看到，语气应是尖锐的，故选B。 19．句意：汤姆没有生气，而是笑了笑，说：“我们一起读吧！” Compared with与……相比；Because of因为；Instead of而不是；Thanks to多亏。根据前文“he almost argued”以及后文“Tom smiled”，可知汤姆没有争论而是选择分享，故选C。 20．句意：他意识到爸爸的话就像一个指南针，指引着他成长。 compass指南针；watch手表；toy玩具；pen钢笔。根据后文“guiding him to grow”，可知能起到“指引”作用的是指南针，故选A。 三、阅读理解 In recent years, short-form videos have become popular around the world. Compared with traditional long-form videos, they are more convenient. However, some Chinese researchers have some worries. They have recently studied how short-form videos reshape our brains and influence our genes. The new study found that watching short-form videos could increase brain activity (活跃性). This may lead to various biological and nervous system problems. For the study, the researchers picked out 111 college students between the ages of 17 and 30 who liked to use social media. Researchers collected their brain imaging data using MRI scans (磁共振扫描) to see the nerve system effects of short-form videos, especially in terms of structural changes and functional activity in the brain. The results were astonishing. Students who spent more time on short-form videos had different brain structures and functions from others. There is an increase in gray matter in two brain regions, which help people make decisions, deal with information and control their emotions. This change makes the brain more sensitive to the quick pleasure of watching one video after another. That’s why it’s harder for these students to stop using short-form video apps. Moreover, the researchers found nearly 500 genes that are related to brain changes from short-form video addiction. Interestingly, most of these genes show greater activity when people are teenagers. This shows that the teenage years are a weak period—people at this age may be more likely to get addicted to short-form videos. 21．What did the research mainly study? A．Basic structure of human brains. B．Common behaviours of the teenagers. C．Influences of short-form videos on our brains. D．Popularity of short-form videos among the young. 22．What does the underlined word “astonishing” mean? A．Surprising. B．Boring. C．Common. D．Simple. 23．What does more brain sensitivity lead to? A．Easier addiction. B．Faster learning. C．Better decisions. D．Calmer emotions. 24．Why might teenagers be more easily addicted to short-form videos? A．Because they use mobile phones more frequently. B．Because they have more free time to use apps. C．Because some genes are more active at their age. D．Because the brain development is largely complete. 25．Which of the following is most likely to be shown next? A．Ways for doctors to treat video addiction symptoms. B．Methods for parents to manage their own video use time. C．Advice for teenagers to reduce short-form video addiction. D．Tips for schools to educate all the people on video risks. 【答案】21．C 22．A 23．A 24．C 25．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国研究人员针对短视频对人类大脑和基因影响的研究。 21．细节理解题。根据“They have recently studied how short-form videos reshape our brains and influence our genes.”可知，该研究主要探讨短视频对我们大脑的影响。故选C。 22．词句猜测题。根据“Students who spent more time on short-form videos had different brain structures and functions from others.”可知，长时间看短视频的学生大脑结构和功能与他人不同，这一结果是令人意外的。“astonishing”意为“令人惊讶的”，与“Surprising”同义。故选A。 23．细节理解题。根据“This change makes the brain more sensitive to the quick pleasure of watching one video after another. That’s why it’s harder for these students to stop using short-form video apps.”可知，大脑更敏感会导致更难停止使用短视频应用，即更容易沉迷。故选A。 24．细节理解题。根据“most of these genes show greater activity when people are teenagers. This shows that the teenage years are a weak period—people at this age may be more likely to get addicted to short-form videos.”可知，青少年更易沉迷短视频是因为他们这个年龄段，与短视频成瘾相关的部分基因更活跃。故选C。 25．推理判断题。文章最后重点指出青少年更易沉迷短视频，结合前文对短视频负面影响的研究，接下来最可能给出针对青少年减少短视频成瘾的建议。故选C。 四、七选五 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Setting goals is important. Although it can be a lot of work, it can also be fun and exciting. 26 . First of all, choose a goal that’s just right for you. 27 It should be a goal that you can reach. Second, make a plan. If you want to read some books, maybe you can read a few pages every day before bed. If you want to get better at football, you can practise it for half an hour every day. 28 Third, try to keep your plan. For example, you can tell a friend, your mum or your dad about your plan and ask them to watch over you as you follow your plan. Last, enjoy it. 29 Remember to celebrate the small wins along the way. The journey to your goal is often as fun as reaching it. 30 Remember, always keep it fun and don’t be hard on yourself. Good luck on your goal-setting journey. A．Are you ready to set a goal now? B．It shouldn’t be too big or too small. C．Reaching your goal should be enjoyable. D．Tell your goal to someone who has a similar one. E．It’s like making small goals to help you reach your big goal. F．Here is how you can make your goal-setting easier and more fun. G．What do you like to do when you are free? 【答案】26．F 27．B 28．E 29．C 30．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了设定目标的四个步骤，帮助读者更轻松、更有趣地实现目标。 26．根据“First of all... Second...Third... Last...”可知，接下来将具体介绍设定目标的方法。选项F“以下是如何让你的目标设定更轻松、更有趣的方法”为引出下文的过渡句，符合语境。故选F。 27．根据“…choose a goal that’s just right for you.”可知，此处说所选目标应适中。选项B“它不应该太大或太小”符合语境。故选B。 28．根据“If you want to read some books, maybe you can read a few pages every day before bed. If you want to get better at football, you can practise it for half an hour every day.”可知，这些是分解目标的小步骤。选项E“这就像设定小目标来帮助你实现大目标”是对前文计划的总结说明，符合语境。故选E。 29．根据“Last, enjoy it.”可知，本段强调享受实现目标的过程。选项C“实现目标应该是愉快的”符合语境。故选C。 30．根据“Remember, always keep it fun and don’t be hard on yourself.”可知，此处适合发出行动号召。选项A“你现在准备好设定目标了吗？”以问句形式发出行动号召，自然结尾。故选A。 五、任务型阅读 请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答下面问题。要求用完整句子作答，并将答案写在答题卡指定的位置。 “Four great inventions” in ancient China are important symbols of the country. Now China has “new four great inventions”—mobile payment, high-speed trains, bike sharing and online shopping. They are changing people’s lives in China and maybe all over the world. Mobile payment Mobile payment has become a part of Chinese people’s everyday life because it makes their lives much easier. “My wallet is not in use any longer. I can buy almost anything I want with my mobile phone,” said Lin. “Even vegetable sellers are using mobile payment.” High-speed trains By the end of 2016, China had the world’s largest high-speed railway network. More than 2,500 high-speed trains are running across China each day. Lin Jinlong, a foreign student from Cambodia, shared his experience of traveling by Chinese high-speed train from Beijing to Tianjin. The two cities are over 100km away, but the trip took only about half an hour. “That was amazing!” Lin said. Bike sharing Bike sharing is not new itself, but the bike sharing in China is special—it allows users to pick a bike anywhere in the city and leave it anywhere at the end of their journey. It’s really easy, cheap and green. A bike sharing company called Mobike has even brought the service to other countries. Online shopping You are out if you have never shopped online. Now you can buy almost everything from websites like Taobao and JD, and your things usually come on the same day or the next day. China’s online shopping makes many foreigners feel excited. 1．What are the “new four great inventions” of China? 2．Why has mobile payment become a part of Chinese people’s everyday life? 3．How long did Lin Jinlong’s high-speed train trip from Beijing to Tianjin take? 4．Where can users pick a bike when using bike sharing in China? 5．How do foreigners feel about China’s online shopping? 【答案】1．Mobile payment, high-speed trains, bike sharing and online shopping. 2．Because it makes their lives much easier. 3．It took about half an hour. 4．They can pick a bike anywhere in the city. 5．They feel excited about it. 【导语】本文介绍了中国的“新四大发明”——移动支付、高铁、共享单车和网购，并说明了它们如何改变人们的生活。 1．根据“Now China has ‘new four great inventions’—mobile payment, high-speed trains, bike sharing and online shopping”可知中国的“新四大发明”是移动支付、高铁、共享单车和网购。故填Mobile payment, high-speed trains, bike sharing and online shopping. 2．根据“Mobile payment has become a part of Chinese people’s everyday life because it makes their lives much easier”可知移动支付成为中国人日常生活的一部分是因为它让生活更加便利。故填Because it makes their lives much easier. 3．根据“The two cities are over 100km away, but the trip took only about half an hour”可知林金龙从北京到天津的高铁旅程大约花费了半小时。故填It took about half an hour. 4．根据“the bike sharing in China is special—it allows users to pick a bike anywhere in the city”可知在中国使用共享单车时，用户可以在城市任何地方取车。故填They can pick a bike anywhere in the city. 5．根据“China’s online shopping makes many foreigners feel excited”可知外国人对中国的网购感到兴奋。故填They feel excited about it. 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $