专题19 阅读理解之主旨大意题（语篇知识）-2026年中考英语一轮系统化复习讲练（浙江专用）

2026年中考英语一轮系统化复习讲练（浙江专用） 专题19 阅读理解之主旨大意题 目录清单 第一部分 中考考题再现回顾题型 锚点方向 第二部分 核心知识清单锁定基础 高效学习 第三部分 核心策略解析方法精析 策略巩固 第四部分 要点强化训练深度强化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 中考考题再现 （2024·浙江·中考真题）Pompawee is a fan of traditional Chinese culture. She is among thousands of young people in Thailand who have learned Mandarin (普通话). And she has been watching Mandarin in a creative way, making learning more enjoyable. In recent years, more young people in Thailand are trying to learn about China through social media, movies and TV programs, and hanfu is very popular with Pompawee’s students. That’s where she has got her new idea of teaching. She shares with them this latest Chinese fashion (时尚) in class, helping them learn about the culture as well as the language itself. “Mandarin is like a key, helping me to open the door to understand China,” she said. Pompawee developed a love for the Chinese language at the age of 13. When she was in high school, she made an important decision-learning Mandarin at college. Now 35-year-old Pompawee has taught Mandarin for over 10 years. Pompawee visited China for the first time while she was in the university. She found Chinese food so great. Before travelling to China, Pompawee had only heard of a few Chinese dishes, such as hot pot and jiaozi. She was amazed by the kinds, the tastes and the Chinese ways of cooking. “Chinese people are very kind to foreigners. During my first visit to China, my Chinese friends and their families always took good care of me and kept asking whether I was used to the life,” she recalled (回忆). So far, Pompawee has visited several Chinese cities, “China is such a large country,” she said. “My trip to China will never end and I’d like to introduce more to people of my country.” 1．What is Pompawee’s new way to teach Mandarin? A．Giving online lessons. B．Taking part in TV shows. C．Making movies about China. D．Sharing the fashion of hanfu. 2．When did Pompawee become a Mandarin teacher? A．At the age of thirteen. B．Over ten years ago. C．At the age of thirty-five. D．When she was at college 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Pompawee’s first visit to China B．Pompawee’s deep love for Mandarin. C．Pompawee’s favorite Chinese dishes. D．Pompawee’s life in different Chinese cities 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To explain a better way of teaching Mandarin. B．To show opinions about protecting local language. C．To introduce a foreigner who spreads Chinese culture. D．To list reasons why Chinese fashion is popular in Thailand. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【解析】本文主要讲述了Pornpawee在社交媒体上发布短视频，通过不同的方式教授普通话并传播中国文化的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“That’s where she has got her new idea of teaching. She shares with them this latest Chinese fashion (时尚) in class,”可知这就是她对教学的新想法，她在课堂上与他们分享了最新的中国时尚。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Now 35-year-old Pompawee has taught Mandarin for over 10 years.”可知现年35岁的Pornpawee教授普通话已有10多年了。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据“Pompawee visited China for the first time while she was in the university. She found Chinese food so great...”可知本段主要介绍了Pornpawee首次参观中国的经历。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了Pornpawee在社交媒体上发布短视频，通过不同的方式教授普通话并传播中国文化的故事。故选C。 ◇Part 02 核心知识清单 一、主旨大意题核心题型类型 根据中考命题规律，主旨大意题主要分为以下四类，占阅读理解分值的 15%-20%。这四类题型不仅在考查方向上各有侧重，还对考生的文本分析与归纳能力提出了不同层次的要求： 1.全文主旨归纳题：作为最常见的考查形式，这类题目要求考生跳出细节信息的局限，从宏观视角把握文章的核心脉络。无论是叙事类文章的主题升华，还是说明文的核心论点提炼，都需要考生梳理文章结构，识别关键信息，提炼出贯穿全文的中心思想。常见提问方式包括 “What is the main idea of the passage?”“What does the passage mainly talk about?” 等。例如，一篇介绍环保措施的文章，可能会通过多个具体案例展开，考生需要总结出 “倡导公众参与环保行动” 这样的核心观点。 2.段落主旨提炼题：该题型聚焦于文章中某一特定段落，要求考生精准捕捉段落内的核心信息。段落主旨往往通过主题句体现，主题句可能位于段首、段中或段尾，也可能需要考生整合全段内容进行概括。题干多表现为 “What is the main idea of Paragraph X?”。例如，某段文字通过列举不同地区垃圾分类的成效数据，其主旨可能是 “垃圾分类在多地已取得显著成果”。这种题型不仅考查对局部内容的理解，还检验考生区分主旨与支撑细节的能力。 3.最佳标题选择题：此类题目难度较高，需要考生在理解全文的基础上，选择一个既能准确概括文章核心，又兼具吸引力和简洁性的标题。选项往往具有迷惑性，可能存在片面概括、过度引申或偏离主题的情况。标志性问法如 “Which title best fits the text?”。例如，一篇讲述青少年通过发明创造解决生活难题的文章，标题 “Young Innovators: Transforming Ideas into Solutions” 比单纯强调发明过程的标题更能涵盖文章主旨，且更具感染力。 4.作者意图判断题：这类题目超越了对文章内容的表层理解，侧重考查考生对作者写作动机和情感倾向的深层把握。作者可能通过不同的写作手法，如叙事、议论、说明等，传递某种观点、倡导某种行为或引发读者思考。常见提问方式有 “What does the writer want to tell us?”“The purpose of the passage is to ______” 等。例如，一篇描写濒危动物生存现状的文章，作者的意图可能是呼吁读者关注动物保护，而不仅仅是介绍动物知识。 二、文体与语体视角下的题型特征 中考语篇以记叙文、说明文、议论文为主，兼顾应用文，不同文体的语体特征直接影响主旨呈现方式与命题逻辑： （一）说明文：客观正式语体，主旨显性化 说明文以解释说明为核心，题材广泛且紧扣时代脉搏，常涉及科技发展（如人工智能、新能源应用）、文化传承（非遗技艺、传统节日）、生活科普（健康饮食、环保知识）等领域。文本结构呈现鲜明的逻辑性，典型模式包括 “总 - 分” 式直接阐述核心观点并展开分点说明，以及 “总 - 分 - 总” 式首尾呼应强化主旨，少数复杂文本会采用 “分 - 总” 结构制造悬念，在结尾揭示主题。 语言风格强调客观性与严谨性，以第三人称视角展开论述，多使用陈述句、判断句构建事实性陈述，极少出现感叹句或主观情感表达。为增强条理，常运用 “firstly”“secondly”“in addition”“moreover”“in conclusion” 等逻辑连接词，或通过数字编号、小标题划分层次，帮助读者快速把握文本脉络。例如，在介绍新型环保材料的文章中，会用 “To begin with, its production process reduces carbon emissions...” 引导首段说明，再以 “Furthermore, its durability outperforms traditional materials...” 展开后续分析。 ▲命题特征 主旨句定位规律：说明文的主旨句通常具有显著的位置特征，约 70% 的文本将核心观点置于首段首句，以开门见山的方式直接点明说明对象与核心论点，如 “Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing healthcare delivery”；另有约 25% 的文本选择在尾段末句进行总结升华，通过 “In summary, the integration of AI technology signals a new era in medical science” 等表述强化主题。剩余少量文本会将主旨分散在段落首尾句，形成隐性呼应。 干扰项设计陷阱：命题人常设置 “以偏概全”“偷换概念”“过度引申” 三类干扰项。例如，在一篇介绍敦煌壁画的文章中，正确答案需涵盖壁画的艺术价值、历史背景与保护意义，而干扰项可能仅提及 “壁画的色彩运用技巧” 或错误表述为 “敦煌壁画代表现代艺术风格”，前者聚焦单一细节，后者歪曲原文概念，以此考察学生对全文的整体把握能力。 ▲示例分析 Big data can be used for good reasons... Some hospitals use big data to predict if a baby... will get sick... Big data can also be used for bad reasons... It can be used to predict which kinds of people are likely to break the law... The main idea of Paragraph 3 is ________. A. big data can be used for good reasons B. we can use big data in a number of ways C. big data can be used for both good and bad reasons D. we can use big data to prevent babies from getting sick 【解析】 文体与语体：此段落属于科技类说明文，语言客观严谨，采用 “总 - 分” 结构展开论述。“also” 作为逻辑连接词，清晰呈现出并列关系，这种结构常见于说明事物的不同属性或应用场景，考生需重点关注总起句与衔接词。 定位关键：段落首句 “Big data can be used for good reasons” 提出大数据的积极应用，并以医院预测婴儿疾病为例佐证；通过 “also” 转折后，引出大数据的消极应用场景。整体呈现 “A（好） + 转折词 + B（坏）” 的对称结构，因此主旨需全面涵盖这两个对立方面。 排除干扰：选项 A 和 D 均只聚焦于 “good reasons” 中的具体例子，犯了 “以偏概全” 的错误；选项 B 虽提及 “a number of ways”，但未明确指出 “好坏两方面”，表述过于笼统，未能准确提炼段落核心。 答案：C，该选项完整概括了大数据应用的双重性，符合段落主旨。 （二）记叙文：生动平实语体，主旨隐性化 记叙文以叙事为核心，常见题材包括成长感悟、人物故事、生活经历等，结构往往遵循 “情节发展 - 情感变化 - 感悟升华” 的脉络。例如，在描述主人公克服困难的故事中，通常会先交代矛盾冲突，再展现人物的心路历程，最后在结尾处揭示故事蕴含的哲理或启示。 这类文章的语言风格生动形象，常运用大量对话、动作、心理描写，使读者产生身临其境之感。同时，情感色彩强烈的词汇（如 “happy”“excited”“realized”“regretted”）频繁出现，直接或间接地传递作者的情感态度，为文章增添感染力。 在命题方面，记叙文的主旨句通常不会直接呈现，而是隐藏在结尾的感悟句或抒情句中。因此，考生需要梳理整个故事的情节发展，分析人物行为背后的动机，将零散的情节串联起来，进而归纳出作者想要表达的核心思想。 值得注意的是，干扰项往往会设置成具体的情节细节。例如，文章讲述了主人公通过坚持练习最终赢得比赛的故事，干扰项可能会聚焦于 “主人公在比赛中遇到的某个具体困难”，而忽略了作者想要传达的 “坚持就能成功” 这一核心感悟。考生在答题时需警惕此类陷阱，避免被局部细节误导，始终从整体上把握文章主旨。 ▲示例分析 It was Day 1 of our vacation on Cortes... “iPhone, iPhone, iPhone,” my son kept moaning... Before we left, I had told my 10-year-old son the rule—no e-mails, no Facebook, no video games, and no iPhone... On Day 6, my son was lying beside me on the beach... Finally, we were able to sit quietly without thinking about screens... A week away from all the electronics and life is good. The best title for the passage can be ________. A. A Terrible Life on the Island B. A Special iPhone for My Son C. A Fight between Mother and Son D. A Vacation Away from Electronics 【解析】 文体与语体：这是一篇成长感悟类记叙文，作者以生动平实的语言，穿插人物对话与细腻的心理描写，将故事娓娓道来。文章采用欲扬先抑的手法，先描述儿子对电子产品的依赖和抱怨，最后在结尾点明主旨，这种结构需要考生敏锐捕捉蕴含情感升华的关键语句。 定位关键：在语篇分析时，可通过 “关键词追踪法” 锁定核心。文中 “electronics”“iPhone”“screens” 等词高频出现，形成语义场。尤其是结尾句 “A week away from all the electronics and life is good”，不仅总结了度假经历，更点明远离电子产品后获得美好生活的感悟，是全文的 “文眼” 所在。 排除干扰：选项 A 中的 “Terrible Life” 与原文 “life is good” 形成明显矛盾，直接违背作者情感倾向；选项 B 仅截取 “iPhone” 这一细节，以偏概全；选项 C 中的 “Fight” 在原文中未出现任何情节支撑，属于无中生有。通过对比选项与原文内容的契合度，可快速排除错误选项。 答案：D，该选项精准概括了文章核心内容 —— 一场远离电子产品的度假之旅。 （三）议论文：严谨论证语体，主旨明确化 议论文以表达作者观点为核心，通过逻辑推理和事实论据展开论述。典型结构遵循 "提出问题 - 分析问题 - 解决问题" 的三段式框架：开篇通过现象描述、名人名言或数据对比引出核心论点；主体部分采用例证法（如科学家实验、社会事件）、对比论证（正反观点对照）、因果论证（阐述前因后果）等方法支撑观点；结尾段通过总结归纳或升华主题重申立场。例如在探讨 "网络学习利弊" 的文章中，可能先指出在线教育普及现状，再对比分析其优势与弊端，最后提出平衡使用的建议。 语言风格严谨客观，常使用 "in my opinion""from my perspective"等表达个人立场，通过"however""nevertheless" 等转折词制造观点冲突，借助 "therefore""consequently" 等因果连词构建论证逻辑。同时，议论文中高频出现学术性词汇（如 phenomenon, significant, controversial）和专业术语，且句子结构多样，包含复杂的复合句和强调句，增强论证力度。 ▲命题特征 主旨句定位：议论文主旨句呈现 "首尾呼应" 特征。首段常通过设问、反问或背景铺垫快速切入主题，如《Should Students Use Mobile Phones at School?》一文，开篇以校园手机使用争议场景引出讨论；尾段则通过总结句强化核心观点，如使用 "All in all, with proper guidance, mobile phones can become powerful learning tools" 进行观点重申。部分文章会在中间段以 "moreover""additionally" 等过渡词引出分论点，需要整合多个段落提炼主旨。 干扰项陷阱：常见干扰类型包括： 范围扩大：将文章讨论的 "中学生课外阅读现状" 泛化为 "青少年教育问题" 偷换概念：把 "合理使用社交媒体" 曲解为 "完全禁止网络社交" 以偏概全：用某一段落的分论点（如 "网络学习节省时间"）替代全文主旨 无中生有：引入文章未涉及的新观点（如将 "电子书优势" 引申为 "纸质书消亡论"） ◇Part 03 核心考点解析 结合文体与语体特征，可采用 “定位 - 提炼 - 验证” 三步法，系统攻克主旨大意题： （一）定位：抓主旨信号源 首尾聚焦法：说明文与议论文通常遵循 "总 - 分 - 总" 结构，开篇点明核心观点，结尾进行总结升华，因此需重点研读首尾段落。例如，在一篇探讨人工智能发展的说明文中，首段提出 "人工智能正在重塑人类社会"，尾段总结其对未来的深远影响，首尾呼应的表述即为文章主旨。记叙文则往往通过故事结尾的感悟句揭示深层寓意，如《背影》结尾 "在晶莹的泪光中，又看见那肥胖的、青布棉袍黑布马褂的背影"，将父子亲情升华为人生哲理。 关键词串联法：通过统计高频出现的核心词及同义词组，快速定位文章主题。如在一篇关于环境保护的文章中，若 "recycling"（回收）、"sustainable development"（可持续发展）、"carbon footprint"（碳足迹）等词汇反复出现，这些关键词串联起的环保主题便清晰可见。同时需注意，某些代词（it/they）可能指代主题词，需结合上下文判断。 逻辑分析法：借助 "firstly"、"moreover"、"in conclusion" 等逻辑连接词，识别文章的结构模式。"总 - 分" 结构常见于科普文章，开篇点明主旨后分点阐述；"分 - 总" 结构多在新闻评论中出现，通过具体事例分析后总结观点。如看到 "To sum up" 等总结性短语时，其后的内容极有可能是文章主旨。 （二）提炼：筛核心信息 排除细节干扰：主旨大意题的干扰项常以文中具体事例、数据或次要情节呈现。例如，在一篇论述青少年心理健康的文章中，某选项仅提及 "某校开展心理健康讲座"，这属于局部细节，无法概括全文围绕青少年心理问题成因、影响及解决措施的整体论述。 把握概括尺度：标题类题目需兼具全面性与精炼性。过于宽泛的选项（如 "The Importance of Life"）无法体现文章具体论述角度；过于具体的选项（如 "How to Grow Roses in Spring"）则忽略了文章对园艺四季管理的整体探讨。理想标题应像《中国传统节日的文化内涵》，既涵盖春节、中秋等具体节日，又突出文化传承主题。 紧扣作者意图：通过褒贬性词汇、强调性语气判断作者态度。如在讨论网络直播的文章中，若频繁使用 "invaluable educational resource"（无价的教育资源）、"transform the learning experience"（改变学习体验）等积极表述，可推断作者意在强调网络直播的正向价值。 （三）验证：用选项反向核对 将候选答案作为全文中心思想，检验是否能覆盖各段落核心内容。具体操作时，可在草稿纸上标注每段关键词，对比选项与段落间的逻辑关联。若某选项无法解释文中某重要段落，或导致段落内容冗余，则说明该选项存在 "以偏概全" 或 "过度解读" 问题。例如，选项 "智能手机的技术革新" 无法涵盖文章对手机社交影响的讨论，属于典型的细节化错误。通过反向验证，可有效排除偏离主旨的干扰项。 ◇Part 04 要点强化训练 提｜升｜练｜习 1 There are many animals that glow (发光) in some way—including several kinds of insects and fish. Some kinds of mushrooms glow, too. But plants don’t glow. Now, scientists are working to change that. When a living thing gives off a glow, it’s called bioluminescence (生物发光). Fireflies are a well-known example of bioluminescence. Though less well-known, many mushrooms are also bioluminescent. These bioluminescent creatures light up thanks to the luciferins (荧光素) in their bodies. Plants don’t naturally have luciferins, ________. But that hasn’t stopped scientists from trying to create them. In the past, scientists have created dimly (微暗地) glowing plants by adding DNA from glowing objects. Scientists have also created glowing plants by adding luciferins to plants. But it only works as long as the chemicals last. In 2017, a team was able to cause a plant to glow for about four hours. Now, researchers at a Russian company have come up with a new method to create glowing plants which last as long as the plants are alive. By adding certain parts of the DNA from glowing mushrooms to ordinary tobacco plants, the researchers were able to create plants that could make their own luciferins. The scientists reported that the light was about 10 times brighter than in earlier glowing plants. The researchers believe that glowing plants could help scientists learn more about how plants work. For example, waves of light in the plants may show activities in plants that normally can’t be seen. The glowing also helps show how plants may be affected by things around them. For example, the plants glowed more strongly when a ripe (成熟的) banana skin was nearby. But the researchers don’t think the plants will just be used for science. They think many people may want glowing plants for their beauty. So they are working with a company to develop glowing plants for sale. 1．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Several kinds of insects and fish can glow. B．Some kinds of mushrooms glow. C．Fireflies can naturally glow. D．Plants don’t give off a glow. 2．Which of the following is the best to fill in the “________” in Paragraph 3? A．so scientists are trying hard to create some glowing plants B．because the luciferins are so important to them C．and scientists don’t know why it happens D．so there are no naturally bioluminescent plants 3．What is the main idea of paragraph 5? A．The harmful influence of glowing plants. B．The uses of glowing plants. C．The natural glow of all plants near fruits. D．The efforts of researchers all over the world. 4．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A．The glowing plants are helpful to scientific studies. B．Many people want to buy glowing plants for their scientific value. C．Scientists have created glowing plants which can last forever. D．A company has sold many glowing plants. 5．What’s the writing purpose of the text? A．To compare glowing animals and plants. B．To introduce glowing plants’ development and uses. C．To warn about the dangers of glowing plants. D．To explain how to protect glowing plants. 2 A computer can be lots of fun. But not everything online is meant for kids. Read these tips for searching the Internet safely.    Don’t talk to strangers. Open messages only from people you know. Tell an adult if a stranger tries to talk to you online.    Stay where you are. Ask before visiting websites. Get permission (允许) before clicking (点击) on links. Do not click on anything that appears on your screen.    Protect yourself. Keep your information private. Do not share your address online. Do not share your phone number or school name either.    Keep it kid-friendly. Tell an adult if a website makes you uncomfortable. He or she can block (拦截) it for you. 1．Who is this text written for? A．Adults. B．Children. C．Teachers. D．Parents. 2．What does the text mainly tell us? A．How to protect yourself. B．Where to search information. C．How to stay safe online. D．Where to keep phone number. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．Kids can visit websites without asking. B．Kids can open the messages to everyone. C．Kids should keep it secret if a website makes them uncomfortable. D．Kids should keep their personal information private. 3 Have you ever seen a cat or dog cry? Probably not a real one! That’s because animals can’t really cry. They can make tears, but only humans can cry because of emotion (情绪), reported The New York Times. Tears come in three types, according to Discover Magazine. Most of the time, our eyes make basal tears (基础性眼泪) to keep them from getting dry. When we cut onions or when something gets in our eyes, reflex tears (反射性眼泪) help wash out bad things. Then there are emotional tears. They are special because they come from strong feelings, such as sadness and happiness. Emotional tears also have more protein (蛋白质) in them than the ones that come about from cutting onions, said Time magazine. Scientists think the protein makes emotional tears thicker and slower to run down the face. That way, other people can see them more easily. Young kids cry a lot, but it’s often just because something happened to them, like falling over or dropping an ice cream. But as we grow up, we cry more because of our feelings for others. "Your world becomes greater, so there are more people who become more important for you," Ad Vingerhoets, a scientist from Tilburg University in the Netherlands, told The New York Times. In human society, crying is a call for help. It quickly lets others see that something is not right and brings people closer. Crying also helps us calm down and think about difficult things, said Medical News Today. 1．How are human tears different from animals’ tears? A．Animals’ tears are not real. B．Human tears can come from emotions. C．Animals’ tears have more types. D．Animals can cry because of emotion. 2．Why do our eyes make basal tears? A．To keep them from getting dry. B．To wash out bad things. C．To show sadness and happiness. D．To call for help. 3．Which of the following can cause reflex tears? A．Having dry eyes. B．Dropping an ice cream. C．A bug flying into our eyes. D．Falling over. 4．What is special about emotional tears? A．They don’t have certain proteins. B．They are easier for other people to notice. C．They flow down the face faster than reflex tears. D．They have three types. 5．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Why children cry more. B．Who cries more easily. C．How crying can help people. D．What is crying. 4 “Nezha: The Devil Child Splashes in the Sea” has become a huge hit in China since its release (上映) on January 29, 2025. This animated (动画的) movie, directed by Jiaozi , has caught the attention of both kids and adults. The movie stands out with its amazing special effects. More than 1,900 special effect shots bring the story to life. An engine (引擎) named “Dynamic Ink Wash Rendering Engine” was developed by the team. It mixes traditional Chinese painting with 3D animation, creating breathtaking scenes such as the attacks of the sea monsters and the huge void rift (虚空裂缝). The action scenes are also a big draw. The battles between Nezha and the Immortal Lord of Infinity are extremely exciting. Their every move is full of energy, and the exhibition of various magical powers makes the battles even more spectacular (壮观). Nezha’s brave and fearless fighting style, combined with the Immortal Lord of Infinity’s mysterious and powerful magic, makes every moment of the battles full of suspense (悬念) and visual impact (视觉冲击力). Moreover, the movie expands the world it set up before. It doesn’t just tell a story about one character but dives deeper into the conflicts (冲突) between different groups and the overturning of rules. It also touches on some real-life issues like “labeling in society”, which makes the audience (观众) think about the unfairness and fixed ideas in our daily lives. The film has achieved great success at the box office (票房). By February 10, 2025, it had earned over 8.353 billion yuan, ranking first on the Chinese film box-office list. It has also made history in the global film market. 1．How many special effect shots are there in “Nezha: The Devil Child Splashes in the Sea”? A．Over 1,800. B．Over 1,900. C．About 1,900. D．Less than 1,900. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The movie “Nezha: The Devil Child Splashes in the Sea”. B．The special effect shots. C．The “Dynamic Ink Wash Rendering Engine”. D．The action scenes. 3．What real-life issue does the movie touch on? A．The lack of innovation (创新) in the film industry. B．The problem of environmental pollution. C．“Labeling in society”. D．The unfair competition in the market. 4．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．Which is the best title for the passage? A．The Story of Nezha B．The Special Effects of an Animated Movie C．“Nezha: The Devil Child Splashes in the Sea”: A Big Success D．The Director of “Nezha: The Devil Child Splashes in the Sea” 5 Do you know that before 2011, people in China had to stand in long lines to buy train tickets. But now, people can easily book tickets on their phones. What brought about these changes? It’s all because of 12306, the world’s largest real-time ticketing platform (平台). The “super brain” behind this platform is Shan Xinghua, the chief researcher (首席研究员) at the CARSC (中国铁道科学研究院). She began her career in 1996 when she accepted the task of creating a national ticketing system. Over the years, she has led the system through several key milestones (里程碑). When the system came out in 2012, it faced its biggest challenge during the 2012 Spring Festival travel rush. It broke down several times because of the heavy visits. Faced with this challenge, Shan told her team, “We must find a way, no matter how difficult it is.” Working around the clock, they finally improved the system. In 2017, Shan Xinghua and her team started the e-ticket reform (改革) in Hainan. Passengers could enter the station through facial scanning (面部扫描). Shan found the slow speed was the biggest problem. Then Shan and her team spent several months developing a new system. With it, passengers can pass through the ticket gates in about 1.5 seconds. Shan said, “Technology should serve society and improve people’s lives.” To make travel more convenient, Shan and her team always listen to passengers’ needs. They hope to improve their services and make more people satisfied. 1．When did Shan Xinghua start working on the national ticketing system? A．In 1996. B．In 2011. C．In 2012. D．In 2017. 2．What did Shan do when the system broke down in 2012? A．She asked other team members for help. B．She waited for the system to work again by itself. C．She limited the number of tickets on the platform. D．She worked hard with her team to improve the system. 3．Why did Shan and her team make a new system in 2017? A．To make entering the station faster. B．To make the ticketing platform safer. C．To make facial recognition 100% correct. D．To make the ticketing system more difficult. 4．Which one is the best title for the passage? A．The history of CARSC. B．The “super brain” of 12306. C．The world’s largest ticketing platform. D．The milestones of the scientific development. 6 5,000 years ago, there was a kind leader named Shennong in China. He saw villagers getting sick but having no medicine. “I must help them!” he thought. So, he left his home, carrying a basket and walking through mountains and rivers. Day after day, he tasted hundreds of herbs (草药)—some sweet, some bitter (苦的), some even poisonous (有毒的). One summer, a village child had a high fever with no medicine. Shennong climbed a hill. His hands were cut by some plant leaves but he didn’t stop. He tried a green leaf, then another. Finally, he found a herb—when boiled, its juice cooled the child’s fever. The next day, the child laughed and played. Villagers cheered, “Shennong, you’re our hero!” He smiled, “We all help each other—this is how we stay strong.” Once, he ate a wrong plant and fell ill. His followers rushed to see him, but Shennong said, “If I don’t try, how will others find safe herbs?” Luckily, he drank the mountain spring water and got better. Later, he wrote down what he learned in a book, teaching people which herbs cure (治愈) fevers, cuts, or coughs. Shennong’s story teaches us: Work hard to help others, even if it’s not easy. Be brave to try new things, and never forget those who care about you. Today, we still remember him—our first “herb doctor” and a hero of hard work and love. 1．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Rivers. B．Leaders. C．Villagers. D．Herbs. 2．Shennong ________ when a child had a fever. A．drank spring water B．sold the child medicine C．cheered the villagers D．climbed a hill for herbs 3．What can we learn about Shennong’s character? A．He was brave and cared about villagers. B．He was only good at writing books. C．He was afraid of trying new things. D．He was hard-working and enjoyed traveling. 4．What is this text mainly about? A．A book about villagers. B．A story of courage and love. C．An old doctor with a good memory. D．An interest in teaching in mountains. 7 Have you ever noticed the coolest student at your school? They always get picked first for games and teams. Everyone wants to be their friend. But guess what? They weren’t born cool. You can learn to be cool too by following these simple tips. ■Find your favorite thing You can be cool by finding something you really enjoy and learning about it. It could be anything: old cars, sports, music, or games. The key is confidence. When you talk about your favorite things with confidence, people will notice and listen. ■Make conversations exciting Cool kids know how to make conversations fun. They share interesting stories, tell jokes, and give examples that keep conversations lively. Next time you talk with someone, you can start with a fun question or share a new hobby you’ve tried. Practice telling short stories or a few jokes to make people smile. ■Bring friends together First, if you want to spend more time with friends, you can organize fun activities like a movie night, a basketball match, or a board game afternoon. This way, you become the one who brings friends together. Second, ask a friend who is good at planning to help. They might know fun games or activities everyone will enjoy. Working together helps everyone connect and have a good time. 1．Why does the writer say “They weren’t born cool”? A．To tell us that everyone is born cool. B．To explain that coolness is a learned skill. C．To say that cool students are not special. D．To show that being cool is a little difficult. 2．According to the text, ________ is the key to talking about your favorite thing. A．confidence B．interest C．togetherness D．patience 3．What do cool kids do to be popular according to the tips? A．Always agree with others. B．Speak loudly in conversations. C．Help friends with homework. D．Organize interesting activities. 4．Which is the best title for this text? A．How to Make Friends B．The Secret to a Happy School Life C．How to Be a Cool Kid D．The Importance of Being Confident 8 Slides are simple but always fun. All you need to do is climb up to the top and slide down. But did you know that there is science behind this simple playground equipment (设备)? You climb up the slide and sit down.You are ready to go. Are you sliding down? No, not yet. Things stay still (静止的) unless something makes them _________. It is Newton’s first law. So you have to give yourself a push to start the journey down. Now you are sliding down.Do you feel you are slowing down a bit? When two things rub (摩擦) against each other, they cause friction (摩擦力). Without friction, you will slide down faster and faster to the bottom: That is more fun, but dangerous. At the bottom of the slide, you come to a full stop.Your feet touch the ground and add extra friction. Newton’s first law also says moving things keep moving unless something makes them stop: So, if you do not use your feet, you’ll fly off the slide. 1．The best word for the blank is ________. A．stop B．fly off C．move D．change direction 2．Which picture explains why you slow down a bit when sliding down? A． B． C． D． 3．What is the best title for the passage? A．Fun with a slide B．Science behind a slide C．Newton’s first law D．secrets of gravity 9 A spoonful of pickles (泡菜) can sometimes make a meal taste better. Recently, a new type of pickle is being discussed: “digital pickles”. It means the videos people watch while eating. Many people think that the videos can make their food more appetizing (引起食欲的). The topic received more than 16 million clicks on a website and about 100,000 people took part in the discussion. Many young people in China are kept company by TV shows or short videos. Many believe that their food is more delicious with the “digital pickles”. Can this habit influence your diet? According to a research paper published (发表) in 2019, you may eat more without realization. The international research team asked 62 volunteers to follow different eating patterns for four days. The patterns included eating while looking at the mobile phone and eating without distraction (干扰). The team discovered that eating with distraction increased calorie ingestion (热量摄入) by about 15%. To explore the reason, the team also invited two groups of people: one group ate while listening to an audio clip (音乐片段) about another person eating; the other listened to a clip that helped them imagine themselves eating. At last, the second group ate less because they focused on their food more. This result works not only for eating meals but also for other tasks which need a lot of patience and skills as well. A research team invited 120 volunteers to do different tasks while providing them with drinks and snacks. When they focused on their tasks and their attention was distracted, they were less likely to tell how full they felt and ate more than they expected. 1．Why do people eat more with “digital pickles”? A．Because they are more focused on their meals. B．Because they are distracted by “digital pickles”. C．Because the food tastes better with “digital pickles”. D．Because the “digital pickles” make them feel hungrier. 2．What’s the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To explain how to tell you are full. B．To present how to avoid being distracted. C．To give another case that causes overeating. D．To describe the advantages of “digital pickles”. 3．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Eating While Talking B．Focusing on Our Food C．Enjoying Dinner with a Show D．Having Food with Other People 4．What is the best structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 10 On the subway, by the bus stop and even on the way, we often see people watching micro-dramas (短剧) on apps like Kuaishou and Douyin. These dramas have been on the rise over the past few years. In 2023, micro-dramas made 37.39 billion yuan, equal to 70 percent of the money made by China’s film industry, reported China Daily on Sept 27. Chinese micro-dramas are also going strong around the world. Sensor Tower, a US company, said that over 40 apps for watching the dramas have entered the global market. By early 2024, these apps already had around 55 million downloads (下载). One of them, Reel Short, has been downloaded more times than others in the US, reported Reuters. International viewers find these micro-dramas exciting to watch, reported Xinhua. The stories are usually fast-paced (快节奏的) and have many surprising turning points. “This keeps people’s attention and makes them fun,” Liu Jinlong, head of the app Short TV, told Xinhua. The short length of the dramas adds to their popularity. Each episode (集) usually lasts for less than two minutes. People can finish a micro-drama in short periods of time. Also, most micro-dramas are filmed vertically (竖向地). This allows people to watch them without having to turn their phone screens. However, one issue to be solved is that many of them have similar themes. “The dramas should cover more topics, not just the usual ones like time travel,” Li Jiang, head of Dianzhong Tech, told China Daily. 1．The writer explains the rise of micro-dramas ________ in Paragraph 1. A．by writing reports B．by listing numbers C．by asking questions D．by giving reasons 2．What does the underlined word “issue” mean in the passage? A．Thought. B．Secret. C．Problem. D．Decision. 3．What can we know from the passage? A．The app Reel Short was downloaded the most in the US. B．Each episode usually lasts for more than two minutes. C．More than 50 apps have entered the global market. D．People have to turn their phone screens while watching. 4．This passage is mainly about ________. A．some popular Chinese video apps B．the popularity of Chinese micro-dramas C．the right ways to use video apps D．the interesting topics of Chinese micro-dramas 11 How much do you know about whales, a kind of fantastic animals? They are huge, beautiful, and interesting animals on Earth. Are they fish? Although they look like fish and their homes are in the sea, in fact, they aren’t fish. Let’s learn more about them. It’s amazing to think how big whales are. Blue whales are the largest among all kinds of whales. They are also the biggest animals on Earth. Some of them are more than 33 meters long, and each of them weighs about 150~180 tons. A blue whale is even heavier than 24 elephants. A new baby blue whale weighs as much as a big elephant. The blue whale also has the largest heart in the world. It can be as heavy as 180 kg. Whales feed on sea life. Some whales eat seals (海豹) and fish. One interesting fact is that some whales have teeth, while others don’t. Another interesting fact is that whales must come to the surface of the water to take in air. So they often jump out of the water. Though whales need to take in air, they can’t stay on beaches for a long time. Beaches are not safe places for them. They need to stay in the sea. For whales, the mistake of landing on beaches is dangerous. They may lose their lives. Some kinds of whales are in danger because people catch them for meat, fat, and oil. Whale parts are sold to make things like candles and soap. We should try our best to protect whales. Stopping the killing of whales and fighting ocean pollution are two useful ways to protect them. When seeing a whale on the beach, try to save it. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By asking some questions. B．By telling a moving story. C．By listing some numbers. D．By describing a scene. 2．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? A．What blue whales eat. B．How heavy blue whales are. C．Where blue whales live. D．Differences between whales and elephants. 3．Which of the following about whales are true? Choose the right answers. a. Blue whales are one of the biggest animals on Earth. b. Some whales have teeth, but others don’t have teeth. c. Whales often jump out of the water to take in air. d. Some kinds of whales are in danger. A．abc. B．abd. C．bcd. D．acd. 4．What’s the passage mainly about? A．How to protect whales. B．Why whales are in danger. C．Some facts about whales. D．Different whales in the sea. 5．In which column (栏目) of a newspaper can we probably read the passage? A．Safe places. B．Life skills. C．Sea and ocean. D．Amazing Animals. 12 What kind of traveler are you? Do you take only what you need? Or do you like to pack everything you might require? If you are the latter, you’ve probably experienced the trouble of running through crowded places with huge, heavy bags. You can avoid this bad thing by learning how to travel light. One advantage of traveling light is that it is easier for you to get around. Your bags will be smaller and lighter. You can get in and out of taxis, and on and off trains and airplanes faster, which will make your journey more pleasant. When you pack your things, remember these helpful tips. Save space by rolling your clothes and putting them in clear bags. It also makes finding things in your bag easier. Fill shoes with socks and small things. This saves space, too. Besides, take a few of your toiletries (洗漱用品) in a small container. You can buy many things during the journey. Choose clothes that can be used for more than one purpose. For example, pack shorts that can be used for hiking or swimming. Also, pack clothes that you can wear while you travel around during the day. You can also dress up in those clothes for dinner at night. Since shoes are heavy, take no more than two pairs. Notebook computers, other electronics and books can also be heavy. Unless you’re traveling for work, try to put everything you’ll need on your smartphone. Plan ahead and choose the most important things. You will discover the freedom that comes with traveling light. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By asking questions. B．By listing some numbers. C．By making a survey. 2．How many good ways of saving space are mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．2. B．3. C．4. 3．Which of the following may the writer disagree with during traveling? A．We shouldn’t take too many toiletries. B．Traveling light is easier for you to get around. C．We’d better take at least two pairs of shoes. 4．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．How to travel light. B．How to pack our shoes better. C．The advantages of traveling light. ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年中考英语一轮系统化复习讲练（浙江专用） 专题19 阅读理解之主旨大意题 目录清单 第一部分 中考考题再现回顾题型 锚点方向 第二部分 核心知识清单锁定基础 高效学习 第三部分 核心策略解析方法精析 策略巩固 第四部分 要点强化训练深度强化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 中考考题再现 （2024·浙江·中考真题）Pompawee is a fan of traditional Chinese culture. She is among thousands of young people in Thailand who have learned Mandarin (普通话). And she has been watching Mandarin in a creative way, making learning more enjoyable. In recent years, more young people in Thailand are trying to learn about China through social media, movies and TV programs, and hanfu is very popular with Pompawee’s students. That’s where she has got her new idea of teaching. She shares with them this latest Chinese fashion (时尚) in class, helping them learn about the culture as well as the language itself. “Mandarin is like a key, helping me to open the door to understand China,” she said. Pompawee developed a love for the Chinese language at the age of 13. When she was in high school, she made an important decision-learning Mandarin at college. Now 35-year-old Pompawee has taught Mandarin for over 10 years. Pompawee visited China for the first time while she was in the university. She found Chinese food so great. Before travelling to China, Pompawee had only heard of a few Chinese dishes, such as hot pot and jiaozi. She was amazed by the kinds, the tastes and the Chinese ways of cooking. “Chinese people are very kind to foreigners. During my first visit to China, my Chinese friends and their families always took good care of me and kept asking whether I was used to the life,” she recalled (回忆). So far, Pompawee has visited several Chinese cities, “China is such a large country,” she said. “My trip to China will never end and I’d like to introduce more to people of my country.” 1．What is Pompawee’s new way to teach Mandarin? A．Giving online lessons. B．Taking part in TV shows. C．Making movies about China. D．Sharing the fashion of hanfu. 2．When did Pompawee become a Mandarin teacher? A．At the age of thirteen. B．Over ten years ago. C．At the age of thirty-five. D．When she was at college 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Pompawee’s first visit to China B．Pompawee’s deep love for Mandarin. C．Pompawee’s favorite Chinese dishes. D．Pompawee’s life in different Chinese cities 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To explain a better way of teaching Mandarin. B．To show opinions about protecting local language. C．To introduce a foreigner who spreads Chinese culture. D．To list reasons why Chinese fashion is popular in Thailand. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【解析】本文主要讲述了Pornpawee在社交媒体上发布短视频，通过不同的方式教授普通话并传播中国文化的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“That’s where she has got her new idea of teaching. She shares with them this latest Chinese fashion (时尚) in class,”可知这就是她对教学的新想法，她在课堂上与他们分享了最新的中国时尚。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Now 35-year-old Pompawee has taught Mandarin for over 10 years.”可知现年35岁的Pornpawee教授普通话已有10多年了。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据“Pompawee visited China for the first time while she was in the university. She found Chinese food so great...”可知本段主要介绍了Pornpawee首次参观中国的经历。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了Pornpawee在社交媒体上发布短视频，通过不同的方式教授普通话并传播中国文化的故事。故选C。 ◇Part 02 核心知识清单 一、主旨大意题核心题型类型 根据中考命题规律，主旨大意题主要分为以下四类，占阅读理解分值的 15%-20%。这四类题型不仅在考查方向上各有侧重，还对考生的文本分析与归纳能力提出了不同层次的要求： 1.全文主旨归纳题：作为最常见的考查形式，这类题目要求考生跳出细节信息的局限，从宏观视角把握文章的核心脉络。无论是叙事类文章的主题升华，还是说明文的核心论点提炼，都需要考生梳理文章结构，识别关键信息，提炼出贯穿全文的中心思想。常见提问方式包括 “What is the main idea of the passage?”“What does the passage mainly talk about?” 等。例如，一篇介绍环保措施的文章，可能会通过多个具体案例展开，考生需要总结出 “倡导公众参与环保行动” 这样的核心观点。 2.段落主旨提炼题：该题型聚焦于文章中某一特定段落，要求考生精准捕捉段落内的核心信息。段落主旨往往通过主题句体现，主题句可能位于段首、段中或段尾，也可能需要考生整合全段内容进行概括。题干多表现为 “What is the main idea of Paragraph X?”。例如，某段文字通过列举不同地区垃圾分类的成效数据，其主旨可能是 “垃圾分类在多地已取得显著成果”。这种题型不仅考查对局部内容的理解，还检验考生区分主旨与支撑细节的能力。 3.最佳标题选择题：此类题目难度较高，需要考生在理解全文的基础上，选择一个既能准确概括文章核心，又兼具吸引力和简洁性的标题。选项往往具有迷惑性，可能存在片面概括、过度引申或偏离主题的情况。标志性问法如 “Which title best fits the text?”。例如，一篇讲述青少年通过发明创造解决生活难题的文章，标题 “Young Innovators: Transforming Ideas into Solutions” 比单纯强调发明过程的标题更能涵盖文章主旨，且更具感染力。 4.作者意图判断题：这类题目超越了对文章内容的表层理解，侧重考查考生对作者写作动机和情感倾向的深层把握。作者可能通过不同的写作手法，如叙事、议论、说明等，传递某种观点、倡导某种行为或引发读者思考。常见提问方式有 “What does the writer want to tell us?”“The purpose of the passage is to ______” 等。例如，一篇描写濒危动物生存现状的文章，作者的意图可能是呼吁读者关注动物保护，而不仅仅是介绍动物知识。 二、文体与语体视角下的题型特征 中考语篇以记叙文、说明文、议论文为主，兼顾应用文，不同文体的语体特征直接影响主旨呈现方式与命题逻辑： （一）说明文：客观正式语体，主旨显性化 说明文以解释说明为核心，题材广泛且紧扣时代脉搏，常涉及科技发展（如人工智能、新能源应用）、文化传承（非遗技艺、传统节日）、生活科普（健康饮食、环保知识）等领域。文本结构呈现鲜明的逻辑性，典型模式包括 “总 - 分” 式直接阐述核心观点并展开分点说明，以及 “总 - 分 - 总” 式首尾呼应强化主旨，少数复杂文本会采用 “分 - 总” 结构制造悬念，在结尾揭示主题。 语言风格强调客观性与严谨性，以第三人称视角展开论述，多使用陈述句、判断句构建事实性陈述，极少出现感叹句或主观情感表达。为增强条理，常运用 “firstly”“secondly”“in addition”“moreover”“in conclusion” 等逻辑连接词，或通过数字编号、小标题划分层次，帮助读者快速把握文本脉络。例如，在介绍新型环保材料的文章中，会用 “To begin with, its production process reduces carbon emissions...” 引导首段说明，再以 “Furthermore, its durability outperforms traditional materials...” 展开后续分析。 ▲命题特征 主旨句定位规律：说明文的主旨句通常具有显著的位置特征，约 70% 的文本将核心观点置于首段首句，以开门见山的方式直接点明说明对象与核心论点，如 “Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing healthcare delivery”；另有约 25% 的文本选择在尾段末句进行总结升华，通过 “In summary, the integration of AI technology signals a new era in medical science” 等表述强化主题。剩余少量文本会将主旨分散在段落首尾句，形成隐性呼应。 干扰项设计陷阱：命题人常设置 “以偏概全”“偷换概念”“过度引申” 三类干扰项。例如，在一篇介绍敦煌壁画的文章中，正确答案需涵盖壁画的艺术价值、历史背景与保护意义，而干扰项可能仅提及 “壁画的色彩运用技巧” 或错误表述为 “敦煌壁画代表现代艺术风格”，前者聚焦单一细节，后者歪曲原文概念，以此考察学生对全文的整体把握能力。 ▲示例分析 Big data can be used for good reasons... Some hospitals use big data to predict if a baby... will get sick... Big data can also be used for bad reasons... It can be used to predict which kinds of people are likely to break the law... The main idea of Paragraph 3 is ________. A. big data can be used for good reasons B. we can use big data in a number of ways C. big data can be used for both good and bad reasons D. we can use big data to prevent babies from getting sick 【解析】 文体与语体：此段落属于科技类说明文，语言客观严谨，采用 “总 - 分” 结构展开论述。“also” 作为逻辑连接词，清晰呈现出并列关系，这种结构常见于说明事物的不同属性或应用场景，考生需重点关注总起句与衔接词。 定位关键：段落首句 “Big data can be used for good reasons” 提出大数据的积极应用，并以医院预测婴儿疾病为例佐证；通过 “also” 转折后，引出大数据的消极应用场景。整体呈现 “A（好） + 转折词 + B（坏）” 的对称结构，因此主旨需全面涵盖这两个对立方面。 排除干扰：选项 A 和 D 均只聚焦于 “good reasons” 中的具体例子，犯了 “以偏概全” 的错误；选项 B 虽提及 “a number of ways”，但未明确指出 “好坏两方面”，表述过于笼统，未能准确提炼段落核心。 答案：C，该选项完整概括了大数据应用的双重性，符合段落主旨。 （二）记叙文：生动平实语体，主旨隐性化 记叙文以叙事为核心，常见题材包括成长感悟、人物故事、生活经历等，结构往往遵循 “情节发展 - 情感变化 - 感悟升华” 的脉络。例如，在描述主人公克服困难的故事中，通常会先交代矛盾冲突，再展现人物的心路历程，最后在结尾处揭示故事蕴含的哲理或启示。 这类文章的语言风格生动形象，常运用大量对话、动作、心理描写，使读者产生身临其境之感。同时，情感色彩强烈的词汇（如 “happy”“excited”“realized”“regretted”）频繁出现，直接或间接地传递作者的情感态度，为文章增添感染力。 在命题方面，记叙文的主旨句通常不会直接呈现，而是隐藏在结尾的感悟句或抒情句中。因此，考生需要梳理整个故事的情节发展，分析人物行为背后的动机，将零散的情节串联起来，进而归纳出作者想要表达的核心思想。 值得注意的是，干扰项往往会设置成具体的情节细节。例如，文章讲述了主人公通过坚持练习最终赢得比赛的故事，干扰项可能会聚焦于 “主人公在比赛中遇到的某个具体困难”，而忽略了作者想要传达的 “坚持就能成功” 这一核心感悟。考生在答题时需警惕此类陷阱，避免被局部细节误导，始终从整体上把握文章主旨。 ▲示例分析 It was Day 1 of our vacation on Cortes... “iPhone, iPhone, iPhone,” my son kept moaning... Before we left, I had told my 10-year-old son the rule—no e-mails, no Facebook, no video games, and no iPhone... On Day 6, my son was lying beside me on the beach... Finally, we were able to sit quietly without thinking about screens... A week away from all the electronics and life is good. The best title for the passage can be ________. A. A Terrible Life on the Island B. A Special iPhone for My Son C. A Fight between Mother and Son D. A Vacation Away from Electronics 【解析】 文体与语体：这是一篇成长感悟类记叙文，作者以生动平实的语言，穿插人物对话与细腻的心理描写，将故事娓娓道来。文章采用欲扬先抑的手法，先描述儿子对电子产品的依赖和抱怨，最后在结尾点明主旨，这种结构需要考生敏锐捕捉蕴含情感升华的关键语句。 定位关键：在语篇分析时，可通过 “关键词追踪法” 锁定核心。文中 “electronics”“iPhone”“screens” 等词高频出现，形成语义场。尤其是结尾句 “A week away from all the electronics and life is good”，不仅总结了度假经历，更点明远离电子产品后获得美好生活的感悟，是全文的 “文眼” 所在。 排除干扰：选项 A 中的 “Terrible Life” 与原文 “life is good” 形成明显矛盾，直接违背作者情感倾向；选项 B 仅截取 “iPhone” 这一细节，以偏概全；选项 C 中的 “Fight” 在原文中未出现任何情节支撑，属于无中生有。通过对比选项与原文内容的契合度，可快速排除错误选项。 答案：D，该选项精准概括了文章核心内容 —— 一场远离电子产品的度假之旅。 （三）议论文：严谨论证语体，主旨明确化 议论文以表达作者观点为核心，通过逻辑推理和事实论据展开论述。典型结构遵循 "提出问题 - 分析问题 - 解决问题" 的三段式框架：开篇通过现象描述、名人名言或数据对比引出核心论点；主体部分采用例证法（如科学家实验、社会事件）、对比论证（正反观点对照）、因果论证（阐述前因后果）等方法支撑观点；结尾段通过总结归纳或升华主题重申立场。例如在探讨 "网络学习利弊" 的文章中，可能先指出在线教育普及现状，再对比分析其优势与弊端，最后提出平衡使用的建议。 语言风格严谨客观，常使用 "in my opinion""from my perspective"等表达个人立场，通过"however""nevertheless" 等转折词制造观点冲突，借助 "therefore""consequently" 等因果连词构建论证逻辑。同时，议论文中高频出现学术性词汇（如 phenomenon, significant, controversial）和专业术语，且句子结构多样，包含复杂的复合句和强调句，增强论证力度。 ▲命题特征 主旨句定位：议论文主旨句呈现 "首尾呼应" 特征。首段常通过设问、反问或背景铺垫快速切入主题，如《Should Students Use Mobile Phones at School?》一文，开篇以校园手机使用争议场景引出讨论；尾段则通过总结句强化核心观点，如使用 "All in all, with proper guidance, mobile phones can become powerful learning tools" 进行观点重申。部分文章会在中间段以 "moreover""additionally" 等过渡词引出分论点，需要整合多个段落提炼主旨。 干扰项陷阱：常见干扰类型包括： 范围扩大：将文章讨论的 "中学生课外阅读现状" 泛化为 "青少年教育问题" 偷换概念：把 "合理使用社交媒体" 曲解为 "完全禁止网络社交" 以偏概全：用某一段落的分论点（如 "网络学习节省时间"）替代全文主旨 无中生有：引入文章未涉及的新观点（如将 "电子书优势" 引申为 "纸质书消亡论"） ◇Part 03 核心考点解析 结合文体与语体特征，可采用 “定位 - 提炼 - 验证” 三步法，系统攻克主旨大意题： （一）定位：抓主旨信号源 首尾聚焦法：说明文与议论文通常遵循 "总 - 分 - 总" 结构，开篇点明核心观点，结尾进行总结升华，因此需重点研读首尾段落。例如，在一篇探讨人工智能发展的说明文中，首段提出 "人工智能正在重塑人类社会"，尾段总结其对未来的深远影响，首尾呼应的表述即为文章主旨。记叙文则往往通过故事结尾的感悟句揭示深层寓意，如《背影》结尾 "在晶莹的泪光中，又看见那肥胖的、青布棉袍黑布马褂的背影"，将父子亲情升华为人生哲理。 关键词串联法：通过统计高频出现的核心词及同义词组，快速定位文章主题。如在一篇关于环境保护的文章中，若 "recycling"（回收）、"sustainable development"（可持续发展）、"carbon footprint"（碳足迹）等词汇反复出现，这些关键词串联起的环保主题便清晰可见。同时需注意，某些代词（it/they）可能指代主题词，需结合上下文判断。 逻辑分析法：借助 "firstly"、"moreover"、"in conclusion" 等逻辑连接词，识别文章的结构模式。"总 - 分" 结构常见于科普文章，开篇点明主旨后分点阐述；"分 - 总" 结构多在新闻评论中出现，通过具体事例分析后总结观点。如看到 "To sum up" 等总结性短语时，其后的内容极有可能是文章主旨。 （二）提炼：筛核心信息 排除细节干扰：主旨大意题的干扰项常以文中具体事例、数据或次要情节呈现。例如，在一篇论述青少年心理健康的文章中，某选项仅提及 "某校开展心理健康讲座"，这属于局部细节，无法概括全文围绕青少年心理问题成因、影响及解决措施的整体论述。 把握概括尺度：标题类题目需兼具全面性与精炼性。过于宽泛的选项（如 "The Importance of Life"）无法体现文章具体论述角度；过于具体的选项（如 "How to Grow Roses in Spring"）则忽略了文章对园艺四季管理的整体探讨。理想标题应像《中国传统节日的文化内涵》，既涵盖春节、中秋等具体节日，又突出文化传承主题。 紧扣作者意图：通过褒贬性词汇、强调性语气判断作者态度。如在讨论网络直播的文章中，若频繁使用 "invaluable educational resource"（无价的教育资源）、"transform the learning experience"（改变学习体验）等积极表述，可推断作者意在强调网络直播的正向价值。 （三）验证：用选项反向核对 将候选答案作为全文中心思想，检验是否能覆盖各段落核心内容。具体操作时，可在草稿纸上标注每段关键词，对比选项与段落间的逻辑关联。若某选项无法解释文中某重要段落，或导致段落内容冗余，则说明该选项存在 "以偏概全" 或 "过度解读" 问题。例如，选项 "智能手机的技术革新" 无法涵盖文章对手机社交影响的讨论，属于典型的细节化错误。通过反向验证，可有效排除偏离主旨的干扰项。 ◇Part 04 要点强化训练 提｜升｜练｜习 1 There are many animals that glow (发光) in some way—including several kinds of insects and fish. Some kinds of mushrooms glow, too. But plants don’t glow. Now, scientists are working to change that. When a living thing gives off a glow, it’s called bioluminescence (生物发光). Fireflies are a well-known example of bioluminescence. Though less well-known, many mushrooms are also bioluminescent. These bioluminescent creatures light up thanks to the luciferins (荧光素) in their bodies. Plants don’t naturally have luciferins, ________. But that hasn’t stopped scientists from trying to create them. In the past, scientists have created dimly (微暗地) glowing plants by adding DNA from glowing objects. Scientists have also created glowing plants by adding luciferins to plants. But it only works as long as the chemicals last. In 2017, a team was able to cause a plant to glow for about four hours. Now, researchers at a Russian company have come up with a new method to create glowing plants which last as long as the plants are alive. By adding certain parts of the DNA from glowing mushrooms to ordinary tobacco plants, the researchers were able to create plants that could make their own luciferins. The scientists reported that the light was about 10 times brighter than in earlier glowing plants. The researchers believe that glowing plants could help scientists learn more about how plants work. For example, waves of light in the plants may show activities in plants that normally can’t be seen. The glowing also helps show how plants may be affected by things around them. For example, the plants glowed more strongly when a ripe (成熟的) banana skin was nearby. But the researchers don’t think the plants will just be used for science. They think many people may want glowing plants for their beauty. So they are working with a company to develop glowing plants for sale. 1．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Several kinds of insects and fish can glow. B．Some kinds of mushrooms glow. C．Fireflies can naturally glow. D．Plants don’t give off a glow. 2．Which of the following is the best to fill in the “________” in Paragraph 3? A．so scientists are trying hard to create some glowing plants B．because the luciferins are so important to them C．and scientists don’t know why it happens D．so there are no naturally bioluminescent plants 3．What is the main idea of paragraph 5? A．The harmful influence of glowing plants. B．The uses of glowing plants. C．The natural glow of all plants near fruits. D．The efforts of researchers all over the world. 4．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A．The glowing plants are helpful to scientific studies. B．Many people want to buy glowing plants for their scientific value. C．Scientists have created glowing plants which can last forever. D．A company has sold many glowing plants. 5．What’s the writing purpose of the text? A．To compare glowing animals and plants. B．To introduce glowing plants’ development and uses. C．To warn about the dangers of glowing plants. D．To explain how to protect glowing plants. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．B 【解析】本文主要介绍了发光植物的发展历程、科学家创造发光植物的方法以及发光植物的用途。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“But plants don’t glow. Now, scientists are working to change that.”可知，“that”指代的是“植物不发光”这一情况，科学家正在努力改变这一现状。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“Plants don’t naturally have luciferins”可知，植物天生没有荧光素，这一前提导致没有天然的生物发光植物，前后构成因果关系。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据“The researchers believe that glowing plants could help scientists learn more about how plants work.”以及后文提到的发光植物在科学研究和美观方面的应用，可知本段主要讲述了发光植物的用途。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段“The researchers believe that glowing plants could help scientists learn more about how plants work.”可知，研究人员认为发光植物可以帮助科学家更多地了解植物的工作原理，即发光植物对科学研究有帮助。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了发光植物的发展历程以及其用途，包括在科学研究中的应用和美观方面的价值。故选B。 2 A computer can be lots of fun. But not everything online is meant for kids. Read these tips for searching the Internet safely.    Don’t talk to strangers. Open messages only from people you know. Tell an adult if a stranger tries to talk to you online.    Stay where you are. Ask before visiting websites. Get permission (允许) before clicking (点击) on links. Do not click on anything that appears on your screen.    Protect yourself. Keep your information private. Do not share your address online. Do not share your phone number or school name either.    Keep it kid-friendly. Tell an adult if a website makes you uncomfortable. He or she can block (拦截) it for you. 1．Who is this text written for? A．Adults. B．Children. C．Teachers. D．Parents. 2．What does the text mainly tell us? A．How to protect yourself. B．Where to search information. C．How to stay safe online. D．Where to keep phone number. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．Kids can visit websites without asking. B．Kids can open the messages to everyone. C．Kids should keep it secret if a website makes them uncomfortable. D．Kids should keep their personal information private. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 【解析】本文主要是为孩子提供安全上网的小贴士，提醒孩子不要和陌生人交谈、访问网站前先询问、保护个人信息、如遇不适网站要告知大人。 1．推理判断题。根据“But not everything online is meant for kids. Read these tips for searching the Internet safely.”和“Tell an adult if a stranger tries to talk to you online.”可推测出，这篇文章是写给孩子的。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。通读全文和“Read these tips for searching the Internet safely.”可知，本文主要是为孩子提供安全上网的小贴士。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Keep your information private.”可知，孩子们应妥善保管自己的个人信息。故选D。 3 Have you ever seen a cat or dog cry? Probably not a real one! That’s because animals can’t really cry. They can make tears, but only humans can cry because of emotion (情绪), reported The New York Times. Tears come in three types, according to Discover Magazine. Most of the time, our eyes make basal tears (基础性眼泪) to keep them from getting dry. When we cut onions or when something gets in our eyes, reflex tears (反射性眼泪) help wash out bad things. Then there are emotional tears. They are special because they come from strong feelings, such as sadness and happiness. Emotional tears also have more protein (蛋白质) in them than the ones that come about from cutting onions, said Time magazine. Scientists think the protein makes emotional tears thicker and slower to run down the face. That way, other people can see them more easily. Young kids cry a lot, but it’s often just because something happened to them, like falling over or dropping an ice cream. But as we grow up, we cry more because of our feelings for others. "Your world becomes greater, so there are more people who become more important for you," Ad Vingerhoets, a scientist from Tilburg University in the Netherlands, told The New York Times. In human society, crying is a call for help. It quickly lets others see that something is not right and brings people closer. Crying also helps us calm down and think about difficult things, said Medical News Today. 1．How are human tears different from animals’ tears? A．Animals’ tears are not real. B．Human tears can come from emotions. C．Animals’ tears have more types. D．Animals can cry because of emotion. 2．Why do our eyes make basal tears? A．To keep them from getting dry. B．To wash out bad things. C．To show sadness and happiness. D．To call for help. 3．Which of the following can cause reflex tears? A．Having dry eyes. B．Dropping an ice cream. C．A bug flying into our eyes. D．Falling over. 4．What is special about emotional tears? A．They don’t have certain proteins. B．They are easier for other people to notice. C．They flow down the face faster than reflex tears. D．They have three types. 5．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Why children cry more. B．Who cries more easily. C．How crying can help people. D．What is crying. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．C 【解析】本文主要介绍了人类眼泪的三种类型及其功能，特别分析了情感眼泪的特点和社会作用。 1．细节理解题。根据“They can make tears, but only humans can cry because of emotion...”可知，人类眼泪与动物眼泪的区别在于人类会因情感而流泪。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“our eyes make basal tears to keep them from getting dry.”可知，基础性眼泪的作用是防止眼睛干燥。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“When we cut onions or when something gets in our eyes, reflex tears help wash out bad things.”可知，异物进入眼睛会引起反射性眼泪。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Scientists think the protein makes emotional tears thicker and slower to run down the face. That way, other people can see them more easily.”可知，情感眼泪的特殊之处在于更容易被他人注意到。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。最后一段主要介绍了哭泣在社会交往中的帮助作用，包括发出求助信号、拉近人际关系和帮助冷静思考。故选C。 4 “Nezha: The Devil Child Splashes in the Sea” has become a huge hit in China since its release (上映) on January 29, 2025. This animated (动画的) movie, directed by Jiaozi , has caught the attention of both kids and adults. The movie stands out with its amazing special effects. More than 1,900 special effect shots bring the story to life. An engine (引擎) named “Dynamic Ink Wash Rendering Engine” was developed by the team. It mixes traditional Chinese painting with 3D animation, creating breathtaking scenes such as the attacks of the sea monsters and the huge void rift (虚空裂缝). The action scenes are also a big draw. The battles between Nezha and the Immortal Lord of Infinity are extremely exciting. Their every move is full of energy, and the exhibition of various magical powers makes the battles even more spectacular (壮观). Nezha’s brave and fearless fighting style, combined with the Immortal Lord of Infinity’s mysterious and powerful magic, makes every moment of the battles full of suspense (悬念) and visual impact (视觉冲击力). Moreover, the movie expands the world it set up before. It doesn’t just tell a story about one character but dives deeper into the conflicts (冲突) between different groups and the overturning of rules. It also touches on some real-life issues like “labeling in society”, which makes the audience (观众) think about the unfairness and fixed ideas in our daily lives. The film has achieved great success at the box office (票房). By February 10, 2025, it had earned over 8.353 billion yuan, ranking first on the Chinese film box-office list. It has also made history in the global film market. 1．How many special effect shots are there in “Nezha: The Devil Child Splashes in the Sea”? A．Over 1,800. B．Over 1,900. C．About 1,900. D．Less than 1,900. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The movie “Nezha: The Devil Child Splashes in the Sea”. B．The special effect shots. C．The “Dynamic Ink Wash Rendering Engine”. D．The action scenes. 3．What real-life issue does the movie touch on? A．The lack of innovation (创新) in the film industry. B．The problem of environmental pollution. C．“Labeling in society”. D．The unfair competition in the market. 4．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．Which is the best title for the passage? A．The Story of Nezha B．The Special Effects of an Animated Movie C．“Nezha: The Devil Child Splashes in the Sea”: A Big Success D．The Director of “Nezha: The Devil Child Splashes in the Sea” 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．C 【解析】本文主要介绍了电影《哪吒：魔童闹海》自上映以来取得的成功，包括其特效、动作场面、主题深度以及票房成绩。 1．细节理解题。根据“More than 1,900 special effect shots bring the story to life.”可知，这部电影有超过1900个特效镜头。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“An engine (引擎) named ‘Dynamic Ink Wash Rendering Engine’ was developed by the team. It mixes traditional Chinese painting with 3D animation...”可知，一个名为“动态水墨渲染引擎”的引擎是由团队开发的，它将中国传统绘画与3D动画相结合。因此，“it”指代的是“Dynamic Ink Wash Rendering Engine”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“It also touches on some real-life issues like ‘labeling in society’...”可知，这部电影涉及现实生活中的“社会标签”问题。故选C。 4．篇章结构题。文章第一段总体介绍电影《哪吒：魔童闹海》的上映及其成功；第二至四段分别从特效、动作场面和主题深度等方面详细介绍电影的特点；第五段总结电影在票房上的巨大成功。因此，文章结构为总分总。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。文章主要介绍了电影《哪吒：魔童闹海》的成功，包括其特效、动作场面、主题深度以及票房成绩。因此，最合适的标题是“‘Nezha: The Devil Child Splashes in the Sea’: A Big Success”。故选C。 5 Do you know that before 2011, people in China had to stand in long lines to buy train tickets. But now, people can easily book tickets on their phones. What brought about these changes? It’s all because of 12306, the world’s largest real-time ticketing platform (平台). The “super brain” behind this platform is Shan Xinghua, the chief researcher (首席研究员) at the CARSC (中国铁道科学研究院). She began her career in 1996 when she accepted the task of creating a national ticketing system. Over the years, she has led the system through several key milestones (里程碑). When the system came out in 2012, it faced its biggest challenge during the 2012 Spring Festival travel rush. It broke down several times because of the heavy visits. Faced with this challenge, Shan told her team, “We must find a way, no matter how difficult it is.” Working around the clock, they finally improved the system. In 2017, Shan Xinghua and her team started the e-ticket reform (改革) in Hainan. Passengers could enter the station through facial scanning (面部扫描). Shan found the slow speed was the biggest problem. Then Shan and her team spent several months developing a new system. With it, passengers can pass through the ticket gates in about 1.5 seconds. Shan said, “Technology should serve society and improve people’s lives.” To make travel more convenient, Shan and her team always listen to passengers’ needs. They hope to improve their services and make more people satisfied. 1．When did Shan Xinghua start working on the national ticketing system? A．In 1996. B．In 2011. C．In 2012. D．In 2017. 2．What did Shan do when the system broke down in 2012? A．She asked other team members for help. B．She waited for the system to work again by itself. C．She limited the number of tickets on the platform. D．She worked hard with her team to improve the system. 3．Why did Shan and her team make a new system in 2017? A．To make entering the station faster. B．To make the ticketing platform safer. C．To make facial recognition 100% correct. D．To make the ticketing system more difficult. 4．Which one is the best title for the passage? A．The history of CARSC. B．The “super brain” of 12306. C．The world’s largest ticketing platform. D．The milestones of the scientific development. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 【解析】本文主要介绍了中国铁道科学研究院首席专家单杏花及其团队的核心贡献。他们主导研发和升级 12306 票务系统，推动铁路票务领域变革，让旅客出行更便捷。 1．细节理解题。根据“She began her career in 1996 when she accepted the task of creating a national ticketing system.”可知，单杏花于1996年接受任务开发售票系统。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Faced with this challenge, Shan told her team, ‘We must find a way, no matter how difficult it is.’ Working around the clock, they finally improved the system.”可知，2012年系统崩溃时，单和她的团队夜以继日努力地工作最终改善了系统。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“Shan found the slow speed was the biggest problem. Then Shan and her team spent several months developing a new system. With it, passengers can pass through the ticket gates in about 1.5 seconds.”可知，进站速度缓慢是一个最大的问题，有了新系统后乘客可以在大约1.5秒内通过检票口。由此可推知，单和她的团队是为了让乘客更快进入车站而研发新系统。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，全文围绕单杏花作为12306平台的“超级大脑”展开，描述她带领团队解决技术难题、推动改革的过程，核心主题是她对平台的贡献。B选项“12306的‘超级大脑’”，直接点明核心人物与平台，最贴合主题。故选B。 6 5,000 years ago, there was a kind leader named Shennong in China. He saw villagers getting sick but having no medicine. “I must help them!” he thought. So, he left his home, carrying a basket and walking through mountains and rivers. Day after day, he tasted hundreds of herbs (草药)—some sweet, some bitter (苦的), some even poisonous (有毒的). One summer, a village child had a high fever with no medicine. Shennong climbed a hill. His hands were cut by some plant leaves but he didn’t stop. He tried a green leaf, then another. Finally, he found a herb—when boiled, its juice cooled the child’s fever. The next day, the child laughed and played. Villagers cheered, “Shennong, you’re our hero!” He smiled, “We all help each other—this is how we stay strong.” Once, he ate a wrong plant and fell ill. His followers rushed to see him, but Shennong said, “If I don’t try, how will others find safe herbs?” Luckily, he drank the mountain spring water and got better. Later, he wrote down what he learned in a book, teaching people which herbs cure (治愈) fevers, cuts, or coughs. Shennong’s story teaches us: Work hard to help others, even if it’s not easy. Be brave to try new things, and never forget those who care about you. Today, we still remember him—our first “herb doctor” and a hero of hard work and love. 1．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Rivers. B．Leaders. C．Villagers. D．Herbs. 2．Shennong ________ when a child had a fever. A．drank spring water B．sold the child medicine C．cheered the villagers D．climbed a hill for herbs 3．What can we learn about Shennong’s character? A．He was brave and cared about villagers. B．He was only good at writing books. C．He was afraid of trying new things. D．He was hard-working and enjoyed traveling. 4．What is this text mainly about? A．A book about villagers. B．A story of courage and love. C．An old doctor with a good memory. D．An interest in teaching in mountains. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了五千年前，中国一位善良的领导者神农为了帮助生病的村民，不畏艰辛尝遍百草的故事。 1．词句猜测题。根据文中“He saw villagers getting sick but having no medicine. ‘I must help them!’ he thought.”可知，他看到村民生病却没有药，觉得必须帮助他们，代词“them”指代的是前一句中提到的“villagers”。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文中“a village child had a high fever…Shennong climbed a hill... Finally, he found a herb...”可知，当孩子发烧时，神农上山寻找草药。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“I must help them…tasted hundreds of herbs…His hands were cut by some plant leaves but he didn’t stop…If I don’t try, how will others find safe herbs”可知，他主动帮助村民，冒险尝百草，不顾手被割伤继续寻找草药，以及中毒后仍坚持寻找草药，这些都体现了他勇敢和关心村民的特质。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。全文围绕神农尝百草帮助他人的故事展开，结尾点明主题“Work hard to help others, even if it’s not easy. Be brave to try new things, and never forget those who care about you”，这是一个关于勇气与爱的故事。故选B。 7 Have you ever noticed the coolest student at your school? They always get picked first for games and teams. Everyone wants to be their friend. But guess what? They weren’t born cool. You can learn to be cool too by following these simple tips. ■Find your favorite thing You can be cool by finding something you really enjoy and learning about it. It could be anything: old cars, sports, music, or games. The key is confidence. When you talk about your favorite things with confidence, people will notice and listen. ■Make conversations exciting Cool kids know how to make conversations fun. They share interesting stories, tell jokes, and give examples that keep conversations lively. Next time you talk with someone, you can start with a fun question or share a new hobby you’ve tried. Practice telling short stories or a few jokes to make people smile. ■Bring friends together First, if you want to spend more time with friends, you can organize fun activities like a movie night, a basketball match, or a board game afternoon. This way, you become the one who brings friends together. Second, ask a friend who is good at planning to help. They might know fun games or activities everyone will enjoy. Working together helps everyone connect and have a good time. 1．Why does the writer say “They weren’t born cool”? A．To tell us that everyone is born cool. B．To explain that coolness is a learned skill. C．To say that cool students are not special. D．To show that being cool is a little difficult. 2．According to the text, ________ is the key to talking about your favorite thing. A．confidence B．interest C．togetherness D．patience 3．What do cool kids do to be popular according to the tips? A．Always agree with others. B．Speak loudly in conversations. C．Help friends with homework. D．Organize interesting activities. 4．Which is the best title for this text? A．How to Make Friends B．The Secret to a Happy School Life C．How to Be a Cool Kid D．The Importance of Being Confident 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，文章讲述学校里看似天生“酷”的学生并非与生俱来，并给出了通过寻找喜爱的事物、让对话有趣、组织朋友聚会等简单方法，帮助读者学会变酷。 1．细节理解题。根据“They weren’t born cool. You can learn to be cool too by following these simple tips.”可知，“酷”的特质并非与生俱来，你也可以通过一些方法变得“酷”，也就是说“酷”是可以通过学习获得的。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“The key is confidence.”可知，谈论自己喜欢的事情时最重要的是自信。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三个建议“...you can organize fun activities...”可知，“酷孩子”通过组织有趣的活动来让自己受欢迎。故选D。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要告诉读者如何成为一个“酷孩子”。故选C。 8 Slides are simple but always fun. All you need to do is climb up to the top and slide down. But did you know that there is science behind this simple playground equipment (设备)? You climb up the slide and sit down.You are ready to go. Are you sliding down? No, not yet. Things stay still (静止的) unless something makes them _________. It is Newton’s first law. So you have to give yourself a push to start the journey down. Now you are sliding down.Do you feel you are slowing down a bit? When two things rub (摩擦) against each other, they cause friction (摩擦力). Without friction, you will slide down faster and faster to the bottom: That is more fun, but dangerous. At the bottom of the slide, you come to a full stop.Your feet touch the ground and add extra friction. Newton’s first law also says moving things keep moving unless something makes them stop: So, if you do not use your feet, you’ll fly off the slide. 1．The best word for the blank is ________. A．stop B．fly off C．move D．change direction 2．Which picture explains why you slow down a bit when sliding down? A． B． C． D． 3．What is the best title for the passage? A．Fun with a slide B．Science behind a slide C．Newton’s first law D．secrets of gravity 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 【解析】本文是说明文。主要介绍了滑梯背后涉及的科学知识，包括牛顿第一定律、摩擦力等在滑梯运动中的体现。 1．推理判断题。根据“Things stay still (静止的) unless something makes them... It is Newton’s first law. So you have to give yourself a push to start the journey down.”可知，此处表示物体保持静止，除非有外力使其运动。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“Without friction, you will slide down faster and faster to the bottom.”可知，滑行时减速是因为摩擦力，选项B的图示标明“friction”，正好说明了减速原因。故选B。 3．最佳标题题。根据“Slides are simple but always fun. All you need to do is climb up to the top and slide down. But did you know that there is science behind this simple playground equipment (设备)?”及通读全文可知，本文主要从牛顿定律和摩擦力两方面解释了滑梯这一简单设备背后的科学原理，故“滑梯背后的科学”符合本文标题。故选B。 9 A spoonful of pickles (泡菜) can sometimes make a meal taste better. Recently, a new type of pickle is being discussed: “digital pickles”. It means the videos people watch while eating. Many people think that the videos can make their food more appetizing (引起食欲的). The topic received more than 16 million clicks on a website and about 100,000 people took part in the discussion. Many young people in China are kept company by TV shows or short videos. Many believe that their food is more delicious with the “digital pickles”. Can this habit influence your diet? According to a research paper published (发表) in 2019, you may eat more without realization. The international research team asked 62 volunteers to follow different eating patterns for four days. The patterns included eating while looking at the mobile phone and eating without distraction (干扰). The team discovered that eating with distraction increased calorie ingestion (热量摄入) by about 15%. To explore the reason, the team also invited two groups of people: one group ate while listening to an audio clip (音乐片段) about another person eating; the other listened to a clip that helped them imagine themselves eating. At last, the second group ate less because they focused on their food more. This result works not only for eating meals but also for other tasks which need a lot of patience and skills as well. A research team invited 120 volunteers to do different tasks while providing them with drinks and snacks. When they focused on their tasks and their attention was distracted, they were less likely to tell how full they felt and ate more than they expected. 1．Why do people eat more with “digital pickles”? A．Because they are more focused on their meals. B．Because they are distracted by “digital pickles”. C．Because the food tastes better with “digital pickles”. D．Because the “digital pickles” make them feel hungrier. 2．What’s the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To explain how to tell you are full. B．To present how to avoid being distracted. C．To give another case that causes overeating. D．To describe the advantages of “digital pickles”. 3．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Eating While Talking B．Focusing on Our Food C．Enjoying Dinner with a Show D．Having Food with Other People 4．What is the best structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了“数字泡菜”（即吃饭时观看的视频）对人们饮食的影响，研究发现这种习惯会分散人们的注意力，导致人们不自觉地摄入更多热量。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“According to a research paper published (发表) in 2019, you may eat more without realization.”以及第四段“To explore the reason, the team also invited two groups of people: one group ate while listening to an audio clip (音乐片段) about another person eating; the other listened to a clip that helped them imagine themselves eating. At last, the second group ate less because they focused on their food more.”可知，人们在有“数字泡菜”的情况下会吃得更多，是因为他们的注意力被分散了，没有专注于食物。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This result works not only for eating meals but also for other tasks which need a lot of patience and skills as well. A research team invited 120 volunteers to do different tasks while providing them with drinks and snacks. When they focused on their tasks and their attention was distracted, they were less likely to tell how full they felt and ate more than they expected.”可知，最后一段通过另一个实验案例，进一步说明了注意力分散会导致人们吃得更多，即过度进食。因此，最后一段的目的是给出另一个导致过度进食的案例。故选C。 3．最佳标题题。根据文章第一段“Recently, a new type of pickle is being discussed: ‘digital pickles’. It means the videos people watch while eating.”以及全文内容可知，本文主要探讨了“数字泡菜”（即吃饭时观看的视频）对人们饮食的影响，因此最佳标题应为“Enjoying Dinner with a Show”（边看节目边享受晚餐）。故选C。 4．篇章结构题。本文第一段提出很多人认为“电子泡菜”让食物更美味；第二、三段介绍了看视频会让人们吃得更多；第四段说明了听音频让注意力不集中，人们会吃得更多；第五段说明了其他会让人吃得更多的情况。综合全文可知，本文首段主要概述“电子泡菜”，后面四段进行具体分析说明，结构为“总一分”形式。故选A。 10 On the subway, by the bus stop and even on the way, we often see people watching micro-dramas (短剧) on apps like Kuaishou and Douyin. These dramas have been on the rise over the past few years. In 2023, micro-dramas made 37.39 billion yuan, equal to 70 percent of the money made by China’s film industry, reported China Daily on Sept 27. Chinese micro-dramas are also going strong around the world. Sensor Tower, a US company, said that over 40 apps for watching the dramas have entered the global market. By early 2024, these apps already had around 55 million downloads (下载). One of them, Reel Short, has been downloaded more times than others in the US, reported Reuters. International viewers find these micro-dramas exciting to watch, reported Xinhua. The stories are usually fast-paced (快节奏的) and have many surprising turning points. “This keeps people’s attention and makes them fun,” Liu Jinlong, head of the app Short TV, told Xinhua. The short length of the dramas adds to their popularity. Each episode (集) usually lasts for less than two minutes. People can finish a micro-drama in short periods of time. Also, most micro-dramas are filmed vertically (竖向地). This allows people to watch them without having to turn their phone screens. However, one issue to be solved is that many of them have similar themes. “The dramas should cover more topics, not just the usual ones like time travel,” Li Jiang, head of Dianzhong Tech, told China Daily. 1．The writer explains the rise of micro-dramas ________ in Paragraph 1. A．by writing reports B．by listing numbers C．by asking questions D．by giving reasons 2．What does the underlined word “issue” mean in the passage? A．Thought. B．Secret. C．Problem. D．Decision. 3．What can we know from the passage? A．The app Reel Short was downloaded the most in the US. B．Each episode usually lasts for more than two minutes. C．More than 50 apps have entered the global market. D．People have to turn their phone screens while watching. 4．This passage is mainly about ________. A．some popular Chinese video apps B．the popularity of Chinese micro-dramas C．the right ways to use video apps D．the interesting topics of Chinese micro-dramas 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【解析】本文讲述了近年来，中国的微短剧在国内外迅速流行。 1．推理判断题。根据“In 2023, micro-dramas made 37.39 billion yuan, equal to 70 percent of the money made by China’s film industry, reported China Daily on Sept 27.”可知，作者通过提供数据显示微剧受欢迎的程度。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“However, one issue to be solved is that many of them have similar themes.”可知，然而，需要解决的一个问题是，它们中的许多短剧都有相似的主题。故issue意为“问题”，和Problem意思相同。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“One of them, Reel Short, has been downloaded more times than others in the US, reported Reuters.”可知，名为“Reel Short”的应用在美国的下载量超过了其他应用。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。整篇文章探讨了中国微剧在全球范围内越来越受欢迎的现象，以及背后的原因和挑战。故选B。 11 How much do you know about whales, a kind of fantastic animals? They are huge, beautiful, and interesting animals on Earth. Are they fish? Although they look like fish and their homes are in the sea, in fact, they aren’t fish. Let’s learn more about them. It’s amazing to think how big whales are. Blue whales are the largest among all kinds of whales. They are also the biggest animals on Earth. Some of them are more than 33 meters long, and each of them weighs about 150~180 tons. A blue whale is even heavier than 24 elephants. A new baby blue whale weighs as much as a big elephant. The blue whale also has the largest heart in the world. It can be as heavy as 180 kg. Whales feed on sea life. Some whales eat seals (海豹) and fish. One interesting fact is that some whales have teeth, while others don’t. Another interesting fact is that whales must come to the surface of the water to take in air. So they often jump out of the water. Though whales need to take in air, they can’t stay on beaches for a long time. Beaches are not safe places for them. They need to stay in the sea. For whales, the mistake of landing on beaches is dangerous. They may lose their lives. Some kinds of whales are in danger because people catch them for meat, fat, and oil. Whale parts are sold to make things like candles and soap. We should try our best to protect whales. Stopping the killing of whales and fighting ocean pollution are two useful ways to protect them. When seeing a whale on the beach, try to save it. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By asking some questions. B．By telling a moving story. C．By listing some numbers. D．By describing a scene. 2．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? A．What blue whales eat. B．How heavy blue whales are. C．Where blue whales live. D．Differences between whales and elephants. 3．Which of the following about whales are true? Choose the right answers. a. Blue whales are one of the biggest animals on Earth. b. Some whales have teeth, but others don’t have teeth. c. Whales often jump out of the water to take in air. d. Some kinds of whales are in danger. A．abc. B．abd. C．bcd. D．acd. 4．What’s the passage mainly about? A．How to protect whales. B．Why whales are in danger. C．Some facts about whales. D．Different whales in the sea. 5．In which column (栏目) of a newspaper can we probably read the passage? A．Safe places. B．Life skills. C．Sea and ocean. D．Amazing Animals. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．D 【解析】本文主要介绍了鲸，并呼吁我们保护鲸。 1．细节理解题。根据“How much do you know about whales, a kind of fantastic animals?”可知，作者通过提问题的方式开启这篇文章。故选A。 2．主旨大意题。根据“It’s amazing to think how big whales are. Blue whales are the largest among all kinds of whales.”及下文描述可知，第二段主要讨论了蓝鲸有多重。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Blue whales are the largest among all kinds of whales. They are also the biggest animals on Earth.”可知蓝鲸是地球上最大的动物，文中没有“one of”的表达，a错误；根据“One interesting fact is that some whales have teeth, while others don’t.”可知一些鲸有牙齿，一些鲸没有牙齿，b正确；根据“Another interesting fact is that whales must come to the surface of the water to take in air. So they often jump out of the water.”可知鲸鱼经常跳出水面呼吸空气，c正确；再由“Some kinds of whales are in danger because people catch them for meat, fat, and oil.”可知一些种类的鲸处于危险之中，d正确。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据“How much do you know about whales, a kind of fantastic animals?”并阅读全文可知，本文主要介绍了鲸的一些事实情况。故选C。 5．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了鲸，并呼吁我们保护鲸，我们可能会在报纸的“神奇的动物”栏目读到这篇文章。故选D。 12 What kind of traveler are you? Do you take only what you need? Or do you like to pack everything you might require? If you are the latter, you’ve probably experienced the trouble of running through crowded places with huge, heavy bags. You can avoid this bad thing by learning how to travel light. One advantage of traveling light is that it is easier for you to get around. Your bags will be smaller and lighter. You can get in and out of taxis, and on and off trains and airplanes faster, which will make your journey more pleasant. When you pack your things, remember these helpful tips. Save space by rolling your clothes and putting them in clear bags. It also makes finding things in your bag easier. Fill shoes with socks and small things. This saves space, too. Besides, take a few of your toiletries (洗漱用品) in a small container. You can buy many things during the journey. Choose clothes that can be used for more than one purpose. For example, pack shorts that can be used for hiking or swimming. Also, pack clothes that you can wear while you travel around during the day. You can also dress up in those clothes for dinner at night. Since shoes are heavy, take no more than two pairs. Notebook computers, other electronics and books can also be heavy. Unless you’re traveling for work, try to put everything you’ll need on your smartphone. Plan ahead and choose the most important things. You will discover the freedom that comes with traveling light. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By asking questions. B．By listing some numbers. C．By making a survey. 2．How many good ways of saving space are mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．2. B．3. C．4. 3．Which of the following may the writer disagree with during traveling? A．We shouldn’t take too many toiletries. B．Traveling light is easier for you to get around. C．We’d better take at least two pairs of shoes. 4．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．How to travel light. B．How to pack our shoes better. C．The advantages of traveling light. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了轻装旅行的优势，并给出衣物收纳、选多用途衣物等轻装建议。 1．细节理解题。根据“What kind of traveler are you? Do you take only what you need? Or do you like to pack everything you might require?”可知，作者通过提出问题来开启这篇文章。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Save space by rolling your clothes and putting them in clear bags”“Fill shoes with socks and small things”“Besides, take a few of your toiletries in a small container”可知，第三段提到了3种节省空间的好方法。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Since shoes are heavy, take no more than two pairs”可知，作者认为鞋子很重，应携带不超过两双，不会同意“我们最好至少带两双鞋”这一说法。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据“You can avoid this bad thing by learning how to travel light”以及后文围绕如何轻装旅行展开的建议可知，这篇文章主要告诉我们如何轻装旅行。故选A。 ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $