专题11 定语从句（语法知识）-2026年中考英语一轮系统化复习讲练（浙江专用）zip

2026年中考英语一轮系统化复习讲练（浙江专用） 专题11 定语从句 目录清单 第一部分 中考考题再现回顾题型 锚点方向 第二部分 核心知识清单锁定基础 高效学习 第三部分 核心考点解析考点精析 能力巩固 第四部分 要点强化训练深度强化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 中考考题再现 1.（2023・浙江台州）You’ll bring pleasure to everyone ______ uses the park. 答案：who 解析：考查定语从句关系代词。先行词为 everyone，指人，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词 who 引导定语从句。 2.（2023・浙江丽水）Kendall Rae Johnson spends a lot of time playing in the dirt. She has a huge garden ______ produces over 100 pounds of food each year! 答案：that/which 解析：考查定语从句关系代词。先行词为 garden，指物，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词 that 或 which 引导定语从句。 3.（2023・浙江金华）He wants to share his feelings with friends both in China and abroad, so he begins to make short videos of himself trying on Hanfu ______ he posts up on Western social media platforms. 答案：that/which 解析：考查定语从句关系代词。先行词为 short videos，指物，在从句中作宾语，故用关系代词 that 或 which 引导定语从句。 ◇Part 02 核心知识清单 一、定语从句基本概念 定语从句是在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句，被修饰的名词 / 代词称为先行词，引导从句的词称为关系词。关系词兼具两种作用：一是指代先行词，二是在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语。 例句：This is the book that I bought yesterday.（这是我昨天买的那本书。） 先行词：the book（被修饰的物） 关系词：that（指代 the book，在从句中作宾语） 二、关系代词的用法（作主语、宾语、定语） 关系代词包括 that、which、who、whom、whose，需根据先行词属性（人 / 物）和从句成分选择。 1.that：指代人或物 可作成分：主语、宾语（作宾语时可省略） 例句 1（作主语）：The girl that is reading is my classmate.（正在读书的女孩是我的同学。） 例句 2（作宾语，可省略）：This is the book (that) I bought yesterday.（这是我昨天买的那本书。） 2.which：仅指物 可作成分：主语、宾语（作宾语时可省略） 例句 1（作主语）：The tree which stands by the river is very old.（河边的那棵树很老了。） 例句 2（作宾语，可省略）：I like the song (which) you sang.（我喜欢你唱的那首歌。） 3.who/whom：仅指人 可作成分：who 作主语；whom 作宾语（可省略，口语中常用 who 代替） 例句 1（who 作主语）：The boy who won the prize is my friend.（获奖的男孩是我的朋友。） 例句 2（whom 作宾语，可省略）：The man (whom) you met is a teacher.（你遇到的那个男人是老师。） 4.whose：指代人或物，表所属关系 可作成分：定语（后必须接名词） 例句 1（指人）：The girl whose hair is black is from China.（头发乌黑的女孩来自中国。） 例句 2（指物）：The house whose windows are broken needs repairing.（窗户破了的房子需要修理。） 三、关系副词的用法（作状语） 关系副词包括 when、where、why，需根据先行词的时间、地点、原因属性选择，在从句中均作状语。 1.when：指代时间（先行词常为 time、day、year 等） 作成分：时间状语 例句：I’ll never forget the day when I joined the club.（我永远不会忘记加入俱乐部的那一天。） 拆分理解：I joined the club on the day.（when 替代 on the day，作时间状语） 2.where：指代地点（先行词常为 place、city、room 等） 作成分：地点状语 例句：This is the school where I studied.（这是我就读过的学校。） 拆分理解：I studied in the school.（where 替代 in the school，作地点状语） 3.why：指代原因（先行词仅为 reason） 作成分：原因状语 例句：The reason why he was late is clear.（他迟到的原因很清楚。） 拆分理解：He was late for the reason.（why 替代 for the reason，作原因状语） 四、特殊规则：关系词的 “唯一选择” 1.只用 that 的情况 先行词既有人又有物：He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.（他谈到了他拜访的老师和学校。） 先行词被最高级、序数词修饰：This is the best book that I’ve ever read.（这是我读过的最好的书。） 先行词为不定代词（all、little、much 等）：All that glitters is not gold.（闪光的不都是金子。） 主句以 who/which 开头的疑问句：Who is the girl that is standing there?（站在那儿的女孩是谁？） 2.只用 which 的情况 非限制性定语从句（逗号隔开，补充说明）：The book, which I bought yesterday, is interesting.（我昨天买的那本书很有趣。） 介词后作宾语：The room in which he lives is small.（他住的房间很小。） ◇Part 03 核心考点解析 考点 1：关系代词的辨析与选择（考查频率最高） 【考查要点】 根据先行词的 “人 / 物属性” 和从句 “缺主语 / 宾语” 的成分，选择 that、which、who、whom。 【示例分析】he girl ___ won the prize is my sister. A. who B. which C. whose 解析：先行词 “the girl” 指人，从句 “won the prize” 缺主语，需用 who 作主语。答案：A。 考点 2：关系副词与关系代词的区分 【考查要点】 从句缺 “主语 / 宾语” 用关系代词，缺 “时间 / 地点 / 原因状语” 用关系副词，需通过拆分从句判断成分。 【示例分析】 ① This is the factory ___ I worked last year. ② This is the factory ___ I visited last year. 解析：① 从句 “I worked” 中，work 是不及物动词，不缺宾语，缺地点状语→用 where；② 从句 “I visited” 缺宾语（“参观工厂”）→用 that/which。答案：① where ② that/which。 考点 3：whose 的用法（表所属关系） 【考查要点】 whose 后必须接名词，可指代人或物，需区分于 who（作主语）。 【示例分析】The boy ___ father is a doctor studies hard. A. whose B. who C. which 解析：从句中 “father” 属于 “the boy”，表所属关系，whose 后接名词 father。答案：A。 考点 4：“只用 that” 的特殊场景 【考查要点】 先行词含最高级、序数词、不定代词，或既有人又有物时，必须用 that。 【示例分析】This is the best film ___ I have ever seen. A. that B. which C. who 解析：先行词 “the best film” 被最高级 “best” 修饰，需用 that。答案：A。 考点 5：“只用 which” 的特殊场景 【考查要点】 非限制性定语从句（逗号隔开）和介词后作宾语时，只能用 which，不可用 that。 【示例分析】The house, ___ windows are broken, needs repairing. A. that B. which C. whose 解析：从句与主句用逗号隔开，是非限制性定语从句，先行词 “the house” 指物，用 which。答案：B。 考点 6：关系词的省略规则 【考查要点】 关系代词作宾语时可省略，作主语时不可省略；关系副词不可省略。 【示例分析】The pen (___) I bought yesterday is lost. 解析：先行词 “the pen” 指物，从句 “I bought” 缺宾语，关系代词 that/which 可省略。答案：that/which/ 不填。 考点 7：避免从句成分重复 【考查要点】 关系词已在从句中作成分，从句中不可再出现指代先行词的代词（如 it、him 等）。 【示例分析】找出错误并改正：The book which I bought it yesterday is new. 解析：关系词 which 已在从句中作宾语，“it” 多余，应删除。改正：The book which I bought yesterday is new. 考点 8：why 的固定搭配（先行词为 reason） 【考查要点】 先行词仅为 reason 时，从句缺原因状语用 why，不可用 that/which。 【示例分析】The reason ___ he was late was that he missed the bus. A. why B. that C. which 解析：先行词 “reason” 表原因，从句 “he was late” 缺原因状语，用 why。答案：A。 ◇Part 04 要点强化训练 提｜升｜练｜习 一、单项选择 1．The concert ________ will be held in our city next month is organized by some famous musicians. A．who B．what C．that D．where 2．The art exhibition features works by young painters, ________ have gained international recognition for their unique style—this is why the event has attracted so much attention. A．some of whom B．who C．of which D．whose 3．Yesterday Kate explained the reason ________ she was late to me. A．what B．because C．if D．why 4．The newly-built library, ________ walls are painted in a soft light blue that creates a calm atmosphere, provides a quiet and peaceful environment for students. A．whose B．which C．of which D．that 5．When you are down, you can talk to someone ________ brings you energy or watch movies that ________. A．who; cheer up you B．whom; cheer you up C．who; cheer you up D．that; cheer up you 6．This is the place ________ he often mentioned, but I have no ________ about it. A．/; sense B．which; idea C．where; humour D．that; doubt 7．The young man __________ is leaving for Japan next Saturday. A．the girl is talking to him B．who the girl is talking to C．which the girl is talking to D．who the girl is talking 8．This is the old building ________ twenty years ago. A．Grandma lived B．Grandma lives C．that Grandma lived D．that Grandma lived in 9．Our classroom has large windows ________ we can enjoy the view outside. A．which B．where C．when D．what 10．The story ________ my grandfather told me about Qian Xuesen is touching. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 11．They are talking about the greatest inventions _________ have made a big difference to our daily life. A．which B．who C．why D．that 12．I’ll never forget the lesson ______ I learned last year. A．that B．who C．what D．whom 13．The famous actor invited the journalist to the small theater ________ his career began. There, he shared the way ________ he improved his acting skills. A．where; where B．which; where C．where; / D．which: / 14．The girl ________ is wearing a red dress is my classmate. A．which B．who C．whom D．whose 15．I’m interested in the writers ________ popular among teenagers. A．that is B．who is C．who are D．which are 16．Take anything ________ you like. Don’t tell anyone ________ you don’t know. A．who; that B．that; who C．who; who D．which; that 17．—Must we finish the work today? —Yes, I’m afraid so. It’s our duty to finish the work ________ our group leader asks us to do. A．what B．that C．who D．where 18．She didn’t forget anything ________ her mother had told her to buy. A．whom B．which C．that D．who 19．Is there anything here ________ to that man? A．that belong B．which belong C．that belongs D．that is belonged 20．Yu Gong Moves a Mountain is the best story _________ I have ever read. A．who B．where C．that D．what 21．Mr. Smith has just given us a speech ________ was about developing reading skills. A．which B．what C．whom D．who 22．We should help those people ________ are in trouble. A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 23．—Nowadays, WeChat is very popular among friends. —Yes. It seems to be the best way of communication ________ people like. A．that B．which C．who D．whom 24．—Look at this movie poster! It says ‘The most exciting adventure film ________ you’ll ever see!’ —Wow, I’m so looking forward. A．which B．what C．that D．whose 25．But ice sculpture is not only for chefs! Today there are many artists ________ create sculptures out of ice just because they enjoy it. A．who B．whose C．which D．how 26．Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. A．where B．when C．that D．which 27．—What kinds of after-school activities do you like? —I like those activities ________ are about P.E. and art. A．who B．whom C．which D．/ 28．The house ________ stands at the end of the street, with a beautiful garden in front, belongs to my grandparents. A．which B．who C．what D．where 29．—Have you read the article ________ tells the future of humans? —Not yet. I’m searching the Internet. A．who B．which C．what D．/ 30．Don’t care those ________ laugh at you. Pay more attention to improving yourself. A．who B．whom C．which D．what 31．The woman ________ is standing under the tree is my aunt. A．who B．whose C．which D．whom 32．The book ________ you lent me is very interesting. A．what B．whose C．it D．which 33．I have lost a novel by Lu Xun ________ was just bought last week. A．which B．who C．whose D．whom 34．The museum ______ we visited yesterday has a history of 100 years. A．where B．when C．which D．who 35．I like the things and the people ________ are very funny in the movie. A．why B．that C．who D．whose 36．Most people are familiar with William Shakespeare ________ is a famous playwright. A．when B．which C．who D．where 37．—What kind of movies do you like best? —I like the ones ______ make me feel happy and relaxed. A．what B．which C．who D．/ 38．The girl ________ is wearing a red dress is my best friend. A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 39．We all like the English song ________ is named “God is a girl”. A．it B．that C．what D．who 40．Du Fu is a Chinese poet ________ has become popular with many people around the world. A．who B．whom C．what D．whose 二、短文填空 1 根据短文内容和所给中文，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。 One hundred years ago, on October 10, 1925, the Forbidden City in Beijing opened its golden gates to the public. Now the Forbidden City in Beijing isn’t the secret world of emperors. 41 (代替), it became the Palace Museum. Anyone could walk through the halls. And today, it is 42 (的确) the world’s most visited museum. Have you ever visited the Palace Museum? Once you do, you will find 43 (你自己) at the heart of rich cultural collections. Over 1.8 million artifacts are displayed or stored there, 44 (包括) ancient bronzes, jade carvings, calligraphy works and paintings. Each item is like a quiet storyteller. They show visitors how people in China once lived, what they 45 (创造) and what they believed in. As you look at these treasures, you won’t just admire them. You’ll begin to 46 (意识到) that these are not just priceless artifacts. They are like a bridge that connects you to the culture long ago. Besides the treasures, the Palace Museum itself is one of the 47 (奇观) in China. As it celebrates its 100th year, the Palace Museum keeps reminding us why we must keep history 48 (活着的). Each part of these artifacts carries a 49 (信息) across time. The Forbidden City opening its gates to the public is an important event in the 50 (第二十) century. It is a big step to return cultural heritage to the people. 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 During the Spring Festival, one of the most 51 (excite) traditions for children is receiving lucky money in red envelopes (红包). This tradition is not just about 52 (get) money. It carries deep cultural meanings and family love. Long ago, people 53 (believe) that bad things might harm children. To protect 54 (they), adults put coins in red paper. The action enjoyed great 55 (popular) because the red color scared away bad luck and the coins brought safety. Today, the coins have become paper money. Grandparents, parents, and 56 (relative) give red envelopes while saying nice words like “Wish you health and 57 (happy)!” Even with modern changes, like digital (数字的) red envelopes on phones, the most important part of this tradition 58 (remain) the same. Families gather, share joy, and pass down love through these bright red envelopes. It teaches young people 59 (pay) attention to family relations. Lucky money is more than a gift—it’s a bridge among family members and it reminds us that the 60 (good) things in the world are love and togetherness. ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年中考英语一轮系统化复习讲练（浙江专用） 专题11 定语从句 目录清单 第一部分 中考考题再现回顾题型 锚点方向 第二部分 核心知识清单锁定基础 高效学习 第三部分 核心考点解析考点精析 能力巩固 第四部分 要点强化训练深度强化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 中考考题再现 1.（2023・浙江台州）You’ll bring pleasure to everyone ______ uses the park. 答案：who 解析：考查定语从句关系代词。先行词为 everyone，指人，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词 who 引导定语从句。 2.（2023・浙江丽水）Kendall Rae Johnson spends a lot of time playing in the dirt. She has a huge garden ______ produces over 100 pounds of food each year! 答案：that/which 解析：考查定语从句关系代词。先行词为 garden，指物，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词 that 或 which 引导定语从句。 3.（2023・浙江金华）He wants to share his feelings with friends both in China and abroad, so he begins to make short videos of himself trying on Hanfu ______ he posts up on Western social media platforms. 答案：that/which 解析：考查定语从句关系代词。先行词为 short videos，指物，在从句中作宾语，故用关系代词 that 或 which 引导定语从句。 ◇Part 02 核心知识清单 一、定语从句基本概念 定语从句是在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句，被修饰的名词 / 代词称为先行词，引导从句的词称为关系词。关系词兼具两种作用：一是指代先行词，二是在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语。 例句：This is the book that I bought yesterday.（这是我昨天买的那本书。） 先行词：the book（被修饰的物） 关系词：that（指代 the book，在从句中作宾语） 二、关系代词的用法（作主语、宾语、定语） 关系代词包括 that、which、who、whom、whose，需根据先行词属性（人 / 物）和从句成分选择。 1.that：指代人或物 可作成分：主语、宾语（作宾语时可省略） 例句 1（作主语）：The girl that is reading is my classmate.（正在读书的女孩是我的同学。） 例句 2（作宾语，可省略）：This is the book (that) I bought yesterday.（这是我昨天买的那本书。） 2.which：仅指物 可作成分：主语、宾语（作宾语时可省略） 例句 1（作主语）：The tree which stands by the river is very old.（河边的那棵树很老了。） 例句 2（作宾语，可省略）：I like the song (which) you sang.（我喜欢你唱的那首歌。） 3.who/whom：仅指人 可作成分：who 作主语；whom 作宾语（可省略，口语中常用 who 代替） 例句 1（who 作主语）：The boy who won the prize is my friend.（获奖的男孩是我的朋友。） 例句 2（whom 作宾语，可省略）：The man (whom) you met is a teacher.（你遇到的那个男人是老师。） 4.whose：指代人或物，表所属关系 可作成分：定语（后必须接名词） 例句 1（指人）：The girl whose hair is black is from China.（头发乌黑的女孩来自中国。） 例句 2（指物）：The house whose windows are broken needs repairing.（窗户破了的房子需要修理。） 三、关系副词的用法（作状语） 关系副词包括 when、where、why，需根据先行词的时间、地点、原因属性选择，在从句中均作状语。 1.when：指代时间（先行词常为 time、day、year 等） 作成分：时间状语 例句：I’ll never forget the day when I joined the club.（我永远不会忘记加入俱乐部的那一天。） 拆分理解：I joined the club on the day.（when 替代 on the day，作时间状语） 2.where：指代地点（先行词常为 place、city、room 等） 作成分：地点状语 例句：This is the school where I studied.（这是我就读过的学校。） 拆分理解：I studied in the school.（where 替代 in the school，作地点状语） 3.why：指代原因（先行词仅为 reason） 作成分：原因状语 例句：The reason why he was late is clear.（他迟到的原因很清楚。） 拆分理解：He was late for the reason.（why 替代 for the reason，作原因状语） 四、特殊规则：关系词的 “唯一选择” 1.只用 that 的情况 先行词既有人又有物：He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.（他谈到了他拜访的老师和学校。） 先行词被最高级、序数词修饰：This is the best book that I’ve ever read.（这是我读过的最好的书。） 先行词为不定代词（all、little、much 等）：All that glitters is not gold.（闪光的不都是金子。） 主句以 who/which 开头的疑问句：Who is the girl that is standing there?（站在那儿的女孩是谁？） 2.只用 which 的情况 非限制性定语从句（逗号隔开，补充说明）：The book, which I bought yesterday, is interesting.（我昨天买的那本书很有趣。） 介词后作宾语：The room in which he lives is small.（他住的房间很小。） ◇Part 03 核心考点解析 考点 1：关系代词的辨析与选择（考查频率最高） 【考查要点】 根据先行词的 “人 / 物属性” 和从句 “缺主语 / 宾语” 的成分，选择 that、which、who、whom。 【示例分析】he girl ___ won the prize is my sister. A. who B. which C. whose 解析：先行词 “the girl” 指人，从句 “won the prize” 缺主语，需用 who 作主语。答案：A。 考点 2：关系副词与关系代词的区分 【考查要点】 从句缺 “主语 / 宾语” 用关系代词，缺 “时间 / 地点 / 原因状语” 用关系副词，需通过拆分从句判断成分。 【示例分析】 ① This is the factory ___ I worked last year. ② This is the factory ___ I visited last year. 解析：① 从句 “I worked” 中，work 是不及物动词，不缺宾语，缺地点状语→用 where；② 从句 “I visited” 缺宾语（“参观工厂”）→用 that/which。答案：① where ② that/which。 考点 3：whose 的用法（表所属关系） 【考查要点】 whose 后必须接名词，可指代人或物，需区分于 who（作主语）。 【示例分析】The boy ___ father is a doctor studies hard. A. whose B. who C. which 解析：从句中 “father” 属于 “the boy”，表所属关系，whose 后接名词 father。答案：A。 考点 4：“只用 that” 的特殊场景 【考查要点】 先行词含最高级、序数词、不定代词，或既有人又有物时，必须用 that。 【示例分析】This is the best film ___ I have ever seen. A. that B. which C. who 解析：先行词 “the best film” 被最高级 “best” 修饰，需用 that。答案：A。 考点 5：“只用 which” 的特殊场景 【考查要点】 非限制性定语从句（逗号隔开）和介词后作宾语时，只能用 which，不可用 that。 【示例分析】The house, ___ windows are broken, needs repairing. A. that B. which C. whose 解析：从句与主句用逗号隔开，是非限制性定语从句，先行词 “the house” 指物，用 which。答案：B。 考点 6：关系词的省略规则 【考查要点】 关系代词作宾语时可省略，作主语时不可省略；关系副词不可省略。 【示例分析】The pen (___) I bought yesterday is lost. 解析：先行词 “the pen” 指物，从句 “I bought” 缺宾语，关系代词 that/which 可省略。答案：that/which/ 不填。 考点 7：避免从句成分重复 【考查要点】 关系词已在从句中作成分，从句中不可再出现指代先行词的代词（如 it、him 等）。 【示例分析】找出错误并改正：The book which I bought it yesterday is new. 解析：关系词 which 已在从句中作宾语，“it” 多余，应删除。改正：The book which I bought yesterday is new. 考点 8：why 的固定搭配（先行词为 reason） 【考查要点】 先行词仅为 reason 时，从句缺原因状语用 why，不可用 that/which。 【示例分析】The reason ___ he was late was that he missed the bus. A. why B. that C. which 解析：先行词 “reason” 表原因，从句 “he was late” 缺原因状语，用 why。答案：A。 ◇Part 04 要点强化训练 提｜升｜练｜习 一、单项选择 1．The concert ________ will be held in our city next month is organized by some famous musicians. A．who B．what C．that D．where 2．The art exhibition features works by young painters, ________ have gained international recognition for their unique style—this is why the event has attracted so much attention. A．some of whom B．who C．of which D．whose 3．Yesterday Kate explained the reason ________ she was late to me. A．what B．because C．if D．why 4．The newly-built library, ________ walls are painted in a soft light blue that creates a calm atmosphere, provides a quiet and peaceful environment for students. A．whose B．which C．of which D．that 5．When you are down, you can talk to someone ________ brings you energy or watch movies that ________. A．who; cheer up you B．whom; cheer you up C．who; cheer you up D．that; cheer up you 6．This is the place ________ he often mentioned, but I have no ________ about it. A．/; sense B．which; idea C．where; humour D．that; doubt 7．The young man __________ is leaving for Japan next Saturday. A．the girl is talking to him B．who the girl is talking to C．which the girl is talking to D．who the girl is talking 8．This is the old building ________ twenty years ago. A．Grandma lived B．Grandma lives C．that Grandma lived D．that Grandma lived in 9．Our classroom has large windows ________ we can enjoy the view outside. A．which B．where C．when D．what 10．The story ________ my grandfather told me about Qian Xuesen is touching. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 11．They are talking about the greatest inventions _________ have made a big difference to our daily life. A．which B．who C．why D．that 12．I’ll never forget the lesson ______ I learned last year. A．that B．who C．what D．whom 13．The famous actor invited the journalist to the small theater ________ his career began. There, he shared the way ________ he improved his acting skills. A．where; where B．which; where C．where; / D．which: / 14．The girl ________ is wearing a red dress is my classmate. A．which B．who C．whom D．whose 15．I’m interested in the writers ________ popular among teenagers. A．that is B．who is C．who are D．which are 16．Take anything ________ you like. Don’t tell anyone ________ you don’t know. A．who; that B．that; who C．who; who D．which; that 17．—Must we finish the work today? —Yes, I’m afraid so. It’s our duty to finish the work ________ our group leader asks us to do. A．what B．that C．who D．where 18．She didn’t forget anything ________ her mother had told her to buy. A．whom B．which C．that D．who 19．Is there anything here ________ to that man? A．that belong B．which belong C．that belongs D．that is belonged 20．Yu Gong Moves a Mountain is the best story _________ I have ever read. A．who B．where C．that D．what 21．Mr. Smith has just given us a speech ________ was about developing reading skills. A．which B．what C．whom D．who 22．We should help those people ________ are in trouble. A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 23．—Nowadays, WeChat is very popular among friends. —Yes. It seems to be the best way of communication ________ people like. A．that B．which C．who D．whom 24．—Look at this movie poster! It says ‘The most exciting adventure film ________ you’ll ever see!’ —Wow, I’m so looking forward. A．which B．what C．that D．whose 25．But ice sculpture is not only for chefs! Today there are many artists ________ create sculptures out of ice just because they enjoy it. A．who B．whose C．which D．how 26．Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. A．where B．when C．that D．which 27．—What kinds of after-school activities do you like? —I like those activities ________ are about P.E. and art. A．who B．whom C．which D．/ 28．The house ________ stands at the end of the street, with a beautiful garden in front, belongs to my grandparents. A．which B．who C．what D．where 29．—Have you read the article ________ tells the future of humans? —Not yet. I’m searching the Internet. A．who B．which C．what D．/ 30．Don’t care those ________ laugh at you. Pay more attention to improving yourself. A．who B．whom C．which D．what 31．The woman ________ is standing under the tree is my aunt. A．who B．whose C．which D．whom 32．The book ________ you lent me is very interesting. A．what B．whose C．it D．which 33．I have lost a novel by Lu Xun ________ was just bought last week. A．which B．who C．whose D．whom 34．The museum ______ we visited yesterday has a history of 100 years. A．where B．when C．which D．who 35．I like the things and the people ________ are very funny in the movie. A．why B．that C．who D．whose 36．Most people are familiar with William Shakespeare ________ is a famous playwright. A．when B．which C．who D．where 37．—What kind of movies do you like best? —I like the ones ______ make me feel happy and relaxed. A．what B．which C．who D．/ 38．The girl ________ is wearing a red dress is my best friend. A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 39．We all like the English song ________ is named “God is a girl”. A．it B．that C．what D．who 40．Du Fu is a Chinese poet ________ has become popular with many people around the world. A．who B．whom C．what D．whose 二、短文填空 1 根据短文内容和所给中文，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。 One hundred years ago, on October 10, 1925, the Forbidden City in Beijing opened its golden gates to the public. Now the Forbidden City in Beijing isn’t the secret world of emperors. 41 (代替), it became the Palace Museum. Anyone could walk through the halls. And today, it is 42 (的确) the world’s most visited museum. Have you ever visited the Palace Museum? Once you do, you will find 43 (你自己) at the heart of rich cultural collections. Over 1.8 million artifacts are displayed or stored there, 44 (包括) ancient bronzes, jade carvings, calligraphy works and paintings. Each item is like a quiet storyteller. They show visitors how people in China once lived, what they 45 (创造) and what they believed in. As you look at these treasures, you won’t just admire them. You’ll begin to 46 (意识到) that these are not just priceless artifacts. They are like a bridge that connects you to the culture long ago. Besides the treasures, the Palace Museum itself is one of the 47 (奇观) in China. As it celebrates its 100th year, the Palace Museum keeps reminding us why we must keep history 48 (活着的). Each part of these artifacts carries a 49 (信息) across time. The Forbidden City opening its gates to the public is an important event in the 50 (第二十) century. It is a big step to return cultural heritage to the people. 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 During the Spring Festival, one of the most 51 (excite) traditions for children is receiving lucky money in red envelopes (红包). This tradition is not just about 52 (get) money. It carries deep cultural meanings and family love. Long ago, people 53 (believe) that bad things might harm children. To protect 54 (they), adults put coins in red paper. The action enjoyed great 55 (popular) because the red color scared away bad luck and the coins brought safety. Today, the coins have become paper money. Grandparents, parents, and 56 (relative) give red envelopes while saying nice words like “Wish you health and 57 (happy)!” Even with modern changes, like digital (数字的) red envelopes on phones, the most important part of this tradition 58 (remain) the same. Families gather, share joy, and pass down love through these bright red envelopes. It teaches young people 59 (pay) attention to family relations. Lucky money is more than a gift—it’s a bridge among family members and it reminds us that the 60 (good) things in the world are love and togetherness. 参考答案 一、 1．C 【解析】句意：下个月将在我们城市举办的这场音乐会是由一些著名音乐家组织的。 考查定语从句引导词。who指代人，在从句中作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句；that指代人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；where指代地点，在从句中作状语。先行词“The concert”是物，且定语从句“will be held in our city next month”缺少主语，需用指物的引导词that，故选C。 2．A 【解析】句意：这个艺术展览展出了年轻画家的作品，其中一些人因其独特的风格获得了国际认可——这就是为什么活动吸引了如此多的关注。 考查定语从句的关系代词。分析句子可知，空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰指人的先行词“young painters”，在从句中作主语，且表示“其中一些”的含义。故选A。 3．D 【解析】句意：昨天凯特向我解释了她迟到的原因。 考查定语从句引导词。what什么；because因为；if如果；why为什么。先行词是the reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，应用why引导。故选D。 4．A 【解析】句意：这座新建的图书馆，其墙壁被漆成了柔和的浅蓝色，营造出一种宁静的氛围，为学生提供了一个安静平和的学习环境。 考查定语从句关系词辨析。 whose 表示“……的”，在定语从句中作定语，可以指人或物，用来修饰名词；which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，但不能直接修饰另一个名词。 of which也可以表示所属关系，但结构一般为 “the + 名词 + of which” 或 “of which + the + 名词”。 that可指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，但不能作定语。根据“The newly-built library...”接一个非限制性定语从句，该从句用来修饰先行词library，且空格后接的是名词walls，需要一个能作定语的关系词来表示“图书馆的墙”。whose可以作定语，表示“……的”，故选A。 5．C 【解析】句意：当你情绪低落时，你可以和能给你带来能量的人聊天，或者看让你高兴起来的电影。 考查定语从句以及动词短语。第一个空引导定语从句，先行词是“someone”，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，故用“who”；“cheer up”是动副短语，代词作宾语时，应置于动词和副词之间，结合选项可知，C项符合。故选C。 6．B 【解析】句意：这是他经常提到的地方，但我对此一无所知。 考查定语从句和名词辨析。sense感觉；idea想法；humour幽默；doubt怀疑。根据“This is the place...he often mentioned”可知句子是定语从句，先行词是物，关系词在从句中作mentioned的宾语，用that/which引导定语从句，关系词也可省略；根据“I have no...about it”可知是不知道这个地方，have no idea“不知道”。故选B。 7．B 【解析】句意：那个女孩正在和他谈话的那个年轻人下周六要去日本。 考查定语从句的用法。the girl is talking to him那个女孩正在和他谈话；who the girl is talkingto那个女孩正在和他谈话的；which the girl is talking to那个女孩正在和它谈话的；who the girl is talking错误表达。根据“The young man...is leaving for Japan next Saturday”以及选项可知，此空是一个定语从句，所以排除选项A；先行词是“the young man”，指人时，所以排除选项C；talk to sb“和某人谈话”，所以排除选项D。 选项B中“who”作为关系代词，指代先行词“the young man”，在定语从句中作介词“to”的宾语。故选B。 8．D 【解析】句意：这是奶奶二十年前住过的老建筑。 考查定语从句。根据“This is the old building...twenty years ago.”及选项可知，这里需要一个定语从句来修饰“the old building”，说明是“奶奶二十年前住过的老建筑”。live是不及物动词，不能直接接宾语，必须搭配介词 in；that是关系代词（可以省略），指代“the old building”，并在从句中作in的宾语。故选D。 9．B 【解析】句意：我们的教室有大的窗户，透过它们我们可以欣赏外面的景色。 考查定语从句关系词的选择。which指物，引导定语从句时，在从句中作主语或宾语；where表地点属性，引导定语从句时，在从句中作地点状语（需修饰前文表地点或地点属性的先行词）；when表时间，引导定语从句时作时间状语（修饰时间类先行词）；what不引导定语从句，直接排除。根据 “Our classroom has large windows”（先行词为 “windows”，虽非直接地点，但结合语境可指代 “观察风景的位置”，具备地点属性）及 “we can enjoy the view outside”（从句主谓宾完整，需表地点的关系词作状语），此处应用where引导定语从句。故选B。 10．D 【解析】句意：我祖父告诉我的关于钱学森的故事很感人。 考查定语从句关系代词。who指代人，在句中作主语；whom指代人，在句中作宾语；whose表示所属关系，在句中作定语；which指代事物，在句中作主语或宾语。根据“The story... mygrand father told me about Qian Xuesen...”可知，先行词是“story”故事，指代事物，且从句中缺少宾语，故选D。 11．D 【解析】句意：他们正在讨论那些对我们日常生活产生了重大影响的最伟大发明。 考查定语从句。根据“the greatest inventions ... have made a big difference to our daily life”可知，先行词是“inventions”（物），且被形容词最高级“greatest”修饰，关系代词用“that”，在从句中作主语。故选D。 12．A 【解析】句意：我永远不会忘记去年学到的教训。 考查定语从句。that引导定语从句时，可在从句中作主语或宾语，指代人或物；who引导定语从句时，在从句中作主语或宾语，指代人；what不能引导定语从句；whom引导定语从句时，在从句中作宾语，指代人。根据“…I learned last year”是定语从句，修饰先行词“the lesson”，且从句中缺少宾语，所以应用关系代词that引导该定语从句。故选A。 13．C 【解析】句意：这位著名演员邀请记者来到他职业生涯开始的小剧院。在那里，他分享了自己提高演技的方法。 考查定语从句关系词。where哪里；which哪一个；/不填。第一个空，“the small theater”是先行词，表示地点，“his career began”这个定语从句中缺少地点状语，“where”符合要求，第一个空填“where”；第二个空，“the way”是先行词，“he improved his acting skills”是定语从句，此定语从句结构完整，不缺少主要成分，当先行词是“the way”且定语从句不缺主、宾等主要成分时，引导定语从句的关系词有三种情况：that/in which/不填，所以第二个空不填关系词。故选C。 14．B 【解析】句意：穿着红色连衣裙的那个女孩是我的同班同学。 考查定语从句关系词辨析。which指代物，在从句中可作主语或宾语；who指代人，在从句中作主语；whom指代人，在从句中作宾语；whose既可指代人也可指代物，在从句中作定语，后接名词。 根据“...is wearing a red dress”可知，本句是定语从句，修饰先行词“The girl”，且从句中缺少主语，需要能指代人并在从句中作主语的关系词。who符合“指代人且在从句中作主语”的要求，故选B。 15．C 【解析】句意：我对青少年中受欢迎的作家感兴趣。 考查定语从句。先行词是the writers，关系代词在定语从句中作主语且指人，引导词用that/who，从句谓语用are，故选C。 16．B 【解析】句意：拿任何你喜欢的东西。不要告诉任何你不认识的人。 考查定语从句。who谁；that那个；which哪一个。分析句子可知，两个句子都为定语从句，第一个句子的先行词是复合不定代词，关系词在从句中作宾语，用that引导定语从句；第二个句子的先行词是anyone，关系词在从句中作宾语，用who引导定语从句。故选B。 17．B 【解析】句意：—— 我们必须今天完成这项工作吗？ —— 是的，恐怕是这样。完成我们组长要求我们做的工作是我们的职责。 考查定语从句。what什么；that引导定语从句，指人或物；who谁；where哪里。根据“our group leader asks us to do”可知，此处指我们组长要求我们做的工作，“our group leader asks us to do”是定语从句，先行词是“the work”，指物，关系词用that。故选B。 18．C 【解析】句意：她没有忘记妈妈让她买的任何东西。 考查定语从句关系代词。whom在定语从句中指代人，作宾语；which指代物，作主语或宾语；that既可指人也可以指物，当先行词是不定代词（如anything）时，关系代词只能用that；who指代人，作主语。根据“anything...her mother had told her to buy”可知，此处先行词是不定代词“anything”，且在从句中作“buy”的宾语，故关系代词用that。故选C。 19．C 【解析】句意：这里有什么东西是属于那个男人的吗？ 考查定语从句。根据“Is there anything here...to that man?”可知，此处是一个定语从句，先行词“anything”是不定代词，关系代词只能用that，不用which；且当先行词为不定代词时，谓语动词用单数形式，belong to“属于”，无被动语态，所以此处应用belongs。故选C。 20．C 【解析】句意：《愚公移山》是我曾读过的最好的故事。 考查定语从句。根据“Yu Gong Moves a Mountain is the best story …I have ever read.”可知，先行词“story”被最高级“the best”修饰，且关系词代替先行词，在从句中作宾语，关系代词只能用that。故选C。 21．A 【解析】句意：史密斯先生刚刚给我们做了一个关于培养阅读技巧的演讲。 考查定语从句。which哪一个，指代物；what什么，不引导定语从句；whom谁，宾格，指代人；who谁，主格，指代人。先行词speech指物，因此选择关系代词which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代speech。故选A。 22．A 【解析】句意：我们应该帮助那些陷入困境的人。 考查who引导的定语从句。who先行词指人；which先行词指物；whom先行词指人，且在从句中作宾语；whose先行词与其后的名词存在所属关系。根据“those people…are in trouble”可知，先行词指人，且引导词在定语从句中作主语，应用who来引导。故选A。 23．A 【解析】句意：——如今，微信在朋友中很受欢迎。——是的。它似乎是人们喜欢的最好的交流方式。 考查定语从句引导词辨析。that引导词，先行词指人或物；which引导词，先行词指物；who引导词，先行词指人；whom引导词，先行词指人，作宾语。根据“the best way of communication…people like”可知，先行词way被最高级the best修饰，且引导词在从句中作宾语，此时只能用that。故选A。 24．C 【解析】句意：——看这张电影海报！上面写着“你将看过的最激动人心的冒险电影！”——哇，我好期待。 考查定语从句关系代词的选择。which引导定语从句，先行词是物，在从句中作主语或宾语；what什么，引导名词性从句；that引导定语从句，先行词指人或者物，在从句中作主语或宾语；whose引导定语从句，先行词指人或者物，在从句中作定语。分析句子结构可知，本句为定语从句，排除B项；根据“The most exciting adventure film...you'll ever see!”可知，先行词film被形容词最高级“the most exciting”修饰，关系代词只能用that，指物，在从句中作动词see的宾语。 故选:C。 25．A 【解析】句意：但冰雕不只是厨师的专长！如今有许多艺术家，他们用冰创作雕塑，只是因为他们热爱这件事。 考查定语从句关系代词。who指代人，在从句中作主语/宾语；whose表所属关系，后接名词；which指代物，在从句中作主语/宾语；how不引导定语从句。先行词是artists，表示人，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用who。故选A。 26．A 【解析】句意：他们的孩子处于能说单个单词但还不能说完整句子的阶段。 考查定语从句。where在哪里；when什么时候；that那个；which哪一个。根据“Their child is at the stage...she can say individual words but not full sentences.”可知，本句是一个定语从句，句子的先行词是“the stage”，表示抽象的地点或范围，此处where作地点状语，引导定语从句。故选A。 27．C 【解析】句意：——你喜欢什么样的课外活动？——我喜欢那些关于体育和艺术的活动。 考查定语从句关系词。who谁，引导定语从句时，在句中作主语或宾语，先行词指人；whom谁，引导定语从句时，在句中作宾语，先行词指人；which哪一个，引导定语从句时，在句中作主语或宾语，先行词指物；/不填。根据“activities ...are about P. E. and art”可知，先行词“activities”是物，且从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导定语从句，故选C。 28．A 【解析】句意：位于街尾的那座房子，前面有一个漂亮的花园，它属于我的祖父母。 考查定语从句的关系词。which关系代词，指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；who关系代词，指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句；where关系副词，指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。根据句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词是“The house”，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，所以应该用which来引导。故选A。 29．B 【解析】句意：——你读过那篇预测人类未来的文章了吗？——还没。我正在网上搜索。 考查定语从句。句子为定语从句，先行词为“the article”（物），且关系词在从句中作主语，应使用which或that。故选B。 30．A 【解析】句意：不要在意那些嘲笑你的人。多关注提升自己。 考查定语从句的关系词。who谁，主格；whom谁，宾格；which哪一个；what什么。先行词those指人，在从句中作主语，关系词可用who。故选A。 31．A 【解析】句意为：站在树下的那位女士是我阿姨。 考查定语从句引导词。who指代人，作主语；whose表示所属关系；which指物；whom在从句中作宾语。先行词“The woman”指人，在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导定语从句。故选A。 32．D 【解析】句意：你借给我的那本书很有趣。 考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，“... you lent me”是定语从句，先行词是The book，在定语从句中作宾语，以物作宾语选择关系代词which/that/省略。故选D。 33．A 【解析】句意：我丢了一本鲁迅写的小说，这本小说是上周刚买的。 考查定语从句引导词。which哪一个；who谁；whose谁的；whom谁（who的宾格）。先行词“a novel”是物，在定语从句“was just bought last week”中作主语。故选A。 34．C 【解析】句意：我们昨天参观的博物馆已有100年的历史。 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此句是定语从句，先行词museum指物，空处作visited的宾语，所以可以用which或that引导定语从句。故选C。 35．B 【解析】句意：我喜欢电影里那些非常有趣的人和事物。 考查定语从句的引导词。why表原因；that可以指代人也可以指代物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语；who只能用于先行词为人的情况；whose表示所属关系，在从句中作定语。这句话的先行词是“the things and the people”，包含了人和物，关系代词在从句“are very funny in the movie”中充当主语。故选B。 36．C 【解析】句意：大多数人都熟悉著名剧作家威廉·莎士比亚。 考查定语从句。when何时；which哪一个；who谁；where在哪里。分析句子结构和选项可知，应填关系代词who，代替先行词William Shakespeare，在定语从句中作主语，指人。故选C。 37．B 【解析】句意：——你最喜欢什么类型的电影？——我喜欢那些让我感到快乐和放松的东西。 考查定语从句引导词。what什么；which哪一个；who谁。根据“I like the ones…make me feel happy and relaxed.”可知，空处应用引导词引导定语从句，先行词为“the ones”，代指movies，指物，并且从句中缺少主语。故选B。 38．A 【解析】句意：那个穿着红裙子的女孩是我的好朋友。 考查定语从句。who先行词是人，定语从句中作主语或宾语；which先行词是物，定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom先行词是人，定语从句中作宾语；whose先行词是人，在句中作定语。句子是定语从句，先行词是the girl，关系词在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句。故选A。 39．B 【解析】句意：我们都很喜欢那首名为《上帝是个女孩》的英文歌曲。 考查定语从句。it它；that引导定语从句时无实义，先行词是人/物；what什么，不引导定语从句；who谁，引导定语从句时，先行词是人。此句是定语从句，先行词是the English song，指物，应用that引导。故选B。 40．A 【解析】句意：杜甫是一位深受世界各地许多人喜爱的中国诗人。 考查定语从句关系词。who关系代词，指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom关系代词，指人，在从句中作宾语；what不能引导定语从句；whose关系代词，指人或物，在从句中作定语。根据“a Chinese poet”可知先行词指人，且关系词在从句“has become popular with many people around the world”中作主语，所以用who。故选A。 二、 1 41．Instead 42．certainly 43．yourself 44．including 45．created 46．realize 47．wonders 48．alive 49．message 50．twentieth 【解析】本文介绍了北京故宫自1925年向公众开放后的转变，讲述了其作为故宫博物院的地位、馆藏文物的文化价值，以及它作为中国奇观在文化传承中的意义。 41．句意：现在北京故宫不再是皇帝的秘密世界了。代替它的是，它成为了故宫博物院。空格处需填副词表“代替”，结合汉语提示“代替”，用副词Instead，首字母需大写。故填Instead。 42．句意：而如今，它的确是世界上参观人数最多的博物馆。空格处需填副词修饰句子，结合汉语提示“的确”，用副词certainly。故填certainly。 43．句意：一旦你参观了，你会发现自己置身于丰富的文化藏品中心。find oneself是固定搭配，表示“发现自己处于某种状态”，结合汉语提示“你自己”，主语是you，对应的反身代词是yourself。故填yourself。 44．句意：超过180万件文物在那里展出或收藏，包括古代青铜器、玉器、书法作品和绘画。空格处需填介词表“包括”，结合汉语提示“包括”，用介词including。故填including。 45．句意：它们向游客展示中国人曾经的生活方式、他们创造的事物以及他们的信仰。根据前文“once lived”可知，时态为一般过去时，结合汉语提示“创造”，其过去式是created。故填created。 46．句意：你会开始意识到这些不仅仅是珍贵的文物。begin to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“开始做某事”，结合汉语提示“意识到”，用动词原形realize。故填realize。 47．句意：除了这些珍宝，故宫博物院本身也是中国的奇观之一。one of +可数名词复数是固定结构，表示“……之一”，结合汉语提示“奇观”，其复数形式是wonders。故填wonders。 48．句意：在庆祝其百年华诞之际，故宫博物院不断提醒我们为什么必须让历史保持鲜活。keep+宾语+形容词是固定结构，表示“使……保持某种状态”，结合汉语提示“活着的”，用形容词alive。故填alive。 49．句意：这些文物的每一部分都承载着跨越时空的信息。空格处需填名词，根据“carries a…”及结合汉语提示“信息”，空处需可数名词单数message，故填message。 50．句意：故宫向公众开放是二十世纪的一个重要事件。结合汉语提示“第二十”，用序数词twentieth修饰名词century。故填twentieth。 2 51．exciting 52．getting 53．believed 54．them 55．popularity 56．relatives 57．happiness 58．remains 59．to play 60．best 【解析】本文主要介绍了春节 “发红包” 的传统习俗，包括其起源、文化意义及现代变化，体现了红包承载的亲情与文化传承。 51．句意：春节期间，对孩子们来说最令人兴奋的传统之一是收红包。修饰名词“traditions”用形容词，“exciting”表 “令人兴奋的”，修饰事物，故填exciting。 52．句意：这个传统不只是关于获取金钱。“about”是介词，后接动词-ing形式，故填getting。 53．句意：很久以前，人们认为不好的事物可能会伤害孩子。根据 “Long ago”用一般过去时，“believe”的过去式是believed，故填believed。 54．句意：为了保护他们，大人们把硬币包在红纸里。“protect”后接人称代词宾格，“they”的宾格是them，故填them。 55．句意：这个做法很受欢迎，因为红色能驱走坏东西，硬币能带来安全。“great”后接名词，“popular”的名词是 popularity，故填popularity。 56．句意：祖父母、父母和亲戚们发红包，说着“祝你健康快乐”。根据前文复数名词，“relative”用复数relatives，故填relatives。 57．句意：祖父母、父母和亲戚们发红包，说着“祝你健康快乐”。“and”连接并列名词，“happy”的名词是happiness，故填happiness。 58．句意：即使有了现代变化，比如手机上的数字红包，这个传统最重要的部分依然没变。主语“the most important part”是单数，用一般现在时，故填remains。 59．句意：它教会年轻人重视家庭关系。固定搭配“teach sb. to do sth.”，故填to play。 60．句意：它提醒我们世界上最好的事物是爱与团圆。根据“things in the world are love and togetherness.”和空前的“the”可知，世界上最好的事情是爱与团圆，此处应填形容词的最高级。故填best。 ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $