专题16 阅读理解之文体与语体（语篇知识）-2026年中考英语一轮系统化复习讲练（浙江专用）

2026年中考英语一轮系统化复习讲练（浙江专用） 专题16 阅读理解之文体与语体 目录清单 第一部分 中考考题再现回顾题型 锚点方向 第二部分 核心知识清单锁定基础 高效学习 第三部分 核心策略解析方法精析 策略巩固 第四部分 要点强化训练深度强化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 中考考题再现 （2025·浙江·中考真题）①Life is full of moments, but some are “special” and stay in our hearts forever. For example, the first time you rode a bike alone, a friend’s hug when you were sad, or in the evening talking with family. These moments aren’t always big, but they change how we feel about ourselves and the world. ②Special moments are like treasures. We don’t need to write them down—our hearts remember them. A teacher might praise a shy student’s drawing, making the child feel important. A parent could bake cookies with you on a rainy day, filling the kitchen with laughter. Even strangers can create them: a barista who knows your coffee order, or a neighbor who helps carry groceries. These small acts stay in our minds because they make us feel loved. ③Businesses also use special moments. A café might play soft music and serve warm cookies on cold days to make customers feel welcome. A bookstore could hold story time for kids every weekend, turning a visit into a happy memory. An ice-cream shop lets customers decorate their own cones (冰激凌蛋筒)—seeing a child smile while adding something is a moment everyone remembers. ④In the end, special moments are everywhere. They don’t need money or planning—just a little care. A kind word, a smile, or a small surprise can make life richer. So take time to enjoy these moments—they make life worth living. 1．What does the passage say about special moments? A．They are always big and exciting. B．We can keep the special things in mind. C．We need to write them down to remember. D．They have nothing to do with how we feel. 2．What does the ice-cream shop probably do according to the passage? A．Sells the cheapest ice-cream. B．Closes early on weekends. C．Refuses to let kids enter. D．Creates ice-cream moments for guests. 3．Which is the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．How to use the power of the moment. B．Why people forget small moments. C．When to plan big and exciting events. D．Where to find the most expensive treasures. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A 【解析】本文探讨了生活中“特殊时刻”的意义，这些时刻往往看似微小却能在我们心中留下深刻印记。 1．细节理解题。根据“We don’t need to write them down—our hearts remember them. ”可知，我们将那些特别的事铭记于心，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“An ice-cream shop lets customers decorate their own cones (冰激凌蛋筒)—seeing a child smile while adding something is a moment everyone remembers.”可知，冰淇淋店让顾客装饰冰淇淋筒，创造快乐记忆，故选D。 3．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引入主题；第二段和第三段从个人和企业角度阐述特殊时刻；最后一段总结概括，故选D。 4．主旨大意题。全文围绕“特殊瞬间”展开，强调它们带给人的温暖和美好，并说明哪些场合和方式会产生这样的瞬间，核心主旨即在于如何看待并善用这种“瞬间的力量”。故选A。 ◇Part 02 核心知识清单 在中考英语试题中，阅读理解板块通常占比较大，是决定考生英语成绩的关键环节。这一题型着重考查学生信息处理、逻辑推理、主旨归纳三大核心能力：信息处理要求学生能精准定位并提取文本中的关键信息；逻辑推理能力则体现在对隐含线索的挖掘与分析；主旨归纳能力考验学生对文本整体的概括提炼。 从选材维度来看，阅读语篇高度契合新课标要求，呈现出价值引领性与真实情境性两大显著特征。价值引领方面，常选取环保倡议、个人成长、文化传承等主题，如以濒危物种保护为背景的科普文章，或以青少年克服困难为叙事主线的励志故事，旨在传递积极价值观。真实情境性则体现在紧密贴近学生日常生活，内容涵盖校园活动（如俱乐部招募、校园公告）、社会热点（如智能设备使用利弊）、文化交流（如节日习俗介绍）等场景，帮助学生在答题过程中感知语言应用的实际价值。 在语言表达层面，语篇以规范书面语为主，注重语法结构的严谨性与词汇运用的准确性，同时融入符合中学生认知水平的地道表达与固定搭配。文体分布上，形成记叙文、说明文、应用文、议论文四大支柱类型：记叙文多采用时间轴或事件发展顺序，通过生动的情节设置考查细节理解；说明文以科学知识、现象解析为主，侧重考查学生对说明方法与信息层次的把握；应用文包含广告、通知、邮件等实用文体，重点训练信息提取与实际应用能力；议论文则围绕社会热点展开观点论述，要求学生理解论点、论据间的逻辑关系，培养批判性思维。 （一）记叙文：中性书面语体，聚焦情节与情感 1. 语体特征 记叙文在中考英语阅读理解中，语言风格兼具清晰性与感染力。其用词精准且具象化，常选用贴近生活场景的高频词汇，除camp（露营）、hike（徒步）等户外活动类动词，还会使用volunteer（志愿服务）、compete（比赛）等体现成长经历的动词；情感形容词则通过thrilled（激动）、disappointed（失望）、relieved（释然）等词汇，细腻刻画人物心理变化。句式结构呈现阶梯式特征：基础层以简单句快速推进叙事节奏，如 “She arrived at the park early.”；中间层运用 and/but/or 等连词构成并列句，实现情节转折，例如 “He failed the first try, but he refused to give up.”；高阶层穿插 when/while 引导的时间状语从句、because/since 引导的原因状语从句，增强逻辑深度，像 “When she finally reached the summit, she understood the meaning of perseverance.”。语言整体保持中性书面风格，规避俚语和口语化表达，同时通过比喻（如 “Her smile was a ray of sunshine”）、拟人（“The old clock seemed to whisper stories”）等修辞手法，在规范表达中注入文学性。 2. 文体特征 记叙文严格遵循 “起因→经过→结果” 的线性叙事逻辑，通过明确的时间线索（如 “Last summer vacation” “At the age of 12”）串联故事发展。核心要素中，人物刻画常采用 “平凡主角 + 关键配角” 模式，例如以学生为主角，教师、家人或朋友作为推动情节的重要角色；地点选择多聚焦校园、社区、自然环境等贴近考生生活的场景。文章在情节设计上注重设置冲突与转折：或是人与自然的对抗（如登山遇暴风雪），或是人物内心的矛盾（如是否揭发朋友的错误），通过 “困境→尝试→突破” 的递进结构，将 “坚持、感恩、成长” 等主题具象化。部分文章还会融入文化元素，如讲述传统节日习俗、异国文化体验，在传递价值观的同时考察考生的跨文化理解能力。结尾往往采用升华式写法，通过主角的内心独白或作者评论点明主旨，例如 “That day taught me that true friendship isn't about winning, but about standing by each other”，引发读者情感共鸣。 3. 实例解析 Last summer, I went camping with my classmates in the mountains. We left school at 7:00 a.m. by bus. After two hours, we arrived at the campsite. The guide showed us how to put up tents. In the afternoon, we went hiking and saw many beautiful flowers. At night, we sat around the campfire, singing and telling stories. Question：When did the students arrive at the campsite? A. At 7:00 a.m. B. At 9:00 a.m. C. At 12:00 p.m. D. At 5:00 p.m. 【解析】该文本严格按照时间顺序推进叙事，从早上 7 点出发，经过两小时行程到达营地，清晰地体现了记叙文 “时间线索 + 事件发展” 的典型特征。在语体方面，全文未出现任何口语化表达，属于标准的书面叙事语体，用词简洁规范，句式结构简单明了。 4.突破策略 ①画 “叙事地图”：在阅读过程中，将时间、人物、事件等关键信息进行标注，梳理出清晰的情节发展脉络。可以使用不同颜色的荧光笔或符号，对时间、地点、人物、事件等关键要素进行分类标记。例如，在描述一次旅行经历的文本中，明确标注 “7:00 a.m. 出发”“两小时后到达” 等时间节点，用不同符号标注 “我”“同学”“导游” 等人物，用下划线标出 “参观博物馆”“品尝特色美食” 等事件。这样不仅能帮助我们快速理解故事发展顺序，还能在遇到涉及细节的题目时，迅速定位到相关内容。同时，对于一些复杂的记叙文，如多条线索并行的故事，通过绘制简单的情节流程图，将不同线索的发展清晰呈现，避免阅读过程中出现混淆。 ②抓情感词：关注文章中出现的情感类词汇和具有情感倾向的副词，如proudly（自豪地）、finally（最终）、anxiously（焦虑地）、delightedly（高兴地）等。这些词汇就像隐藏在文本中的情绪密码，通过它们不仅能推断人物性格品质和情感变化，还能帮助理解作者的态度和意图。比如，当文中人物proudly完成某件事时，可推测其具有自信、积极的品质；而当出现 “anxiously waiting for the result” 这样的表述时，能感受到人物内心的紧张和不安。此外，一些形容词也具有强烈的情感色彩，如 “a thrilling adventure” 中的 “thrilling” 就暗示了故事的刺激和紧张氛围，在解答涉及文章氛围、情感基调等题目时，这些词汇都是重要的突破口。 ③避 “细节陷阱”：中考记叙文的题目常常设置细节类陷阱，需要我们仔细分析文本信息，避免仅根据表面词汇直接作答。命题人会故意设置一些与原文相似但含义不同的选项，或者偷换概念、扩大或缩小范围。如在一篇讲述活动安排的文章中，原文提到 “活动在下午 2 点开始，持续 3 小时”，题目可能会设置 “活动在下午 2 点结束” 这样的干扰项。再如上述示例中，不能仅看到原文中的 “7:00 a.m.” 就盲目选择 A 选项，而应根据 “7:00 + 2 小时” 的时间计算得出正确答案。在答题时，对于每个选项都要回到原文中找到对应的出处，逐字逐句进行比对，培养严谨的审题和答题习惯。同时，注意一些容易被忽略的细节，如数字的单位、人物的身份限定等，这些都可能是解题的关键。 ④把握主旨意图：记叙文往往通过具体事件传达某种主题思想，在解题时，要结合故事内容提炼文章主旨。首先通读全文，了解故事的大致情节和发展脉络，然后思考作者为什么要讲述这个故事，想要表达什么观点或情感。比如涉及主人公克服困难的故事，通常围绕 “坚持就能成功”“勇气的力量” 等主题展开；而关于友情的故事，可能会强调 “友谊的珍贵”“互相帮助的重要性” 等。在解答主旨类题目时，要避免选择过于具体或片面的选项，选择能够涵盖文章整体内容和情感的答案。对于推理类题目，也要以文章主旨为依据，从故事的情节和人物行为中合理推断作者的意图和情感倾向。此外，关注文章的开头和结尾，很多记叙文会在开头设置悬念或点明主题，在结尾升华情感或揭示道理，这些都是把握主旨的重要线索。 ⑤注意人称视角：关注文章采用的第一人称还是第三人称叙事。第一人称叙事能让读者更有代入感，且文中的 “我” 往往是故事的参与者，可通过 “我” 的所见所感来理解故事。例如，在以 “我” 的视角讲述的成长故事中，“我” 的心理活动描写能直接反映出故事的情感变化和主题发展。但同时要注意，第一人称叙事可能存在主观局限性，“我” 的认知和判断不一定完全客观。第三人称叙事则更客观全面，能从多个角度展现事件全貌，作者可以自由切换视角，深入描写不同人物的内心世界和行为动机。在解题时，根据人称视角的特点捕捉有效信息，如第一人称叙事中重点关注 “我” 的情感和想法，第三人称叙事中则综合分析不同人物之间的关系和行为对事件发展的影响 。对于一些采用第二人称 “你” 叙事的特殊情况，要理解作者使用这种视角的目的，可能是为了增强与读者的互动，或者以一种独特的方式传达情感和观点，在答题时同样要考虑这种视角带来的表达效果。 （二）说明文：正式书面语体，侧重对象与特征 1. 语体特征 说明文采用正式书面语体，语言风格严谨规范，体现学术性与权威性。在词汇层面，不仅大量使用与主题相关的专业术语，还会根据学科特性融入衍生词汇与固定搭配。例如环保类文章除了使用eco-friendly（环保的）、recycle（回收）等基础词汇，还会涉及sustainable development（可持续发展）、carbon footprint（碳足迹）等复合概念；科技类文章中，artificial intelligence（人工智能）常与machine learning（机器学习）、deep learning（深度学习）等技术术语形成语义场，通过专业词汇的集群化运用，强化文本的学科属性。 在逻辑衔接上，说明文通过多层级连接词构建严密的语义网络。基础层使用firstly、secondly等序数词划分段落层次，中层借助for example、such as等举例词实现抽象到具体的过渡，高层则运用in addition、moreover等递进词深化论述，最后以therefore、consequently等因果词得出结论。这种阶梯式连接系统，使文本呈现出清晰的 “总 — 分 — 总” 结构，确保信息传递的流畅性。 句式结构上，说明文偏好使用复合句与复杂长句。通过嵌套定语从句、条件状语从句、同位语从句等语法结构，将多重信息压缩在单一句子中，实现信息的高密度输出。例如，“The device, which integrates nanotechnology and artificial intelligence algorithms that can self - optimize based on real - time data, represents a significant breakthrough in smart manufacturing” 这句话同时运用了定语从句和同位语从句，精准阐释了设备的技术原理与行业意义，体现出说明文高度书面化、学术化的语言特征。 2. 文体特征 说明文以 “说明对象 + 特征 / 原理 / 方法” 为核心架构文章，通过严谨的逻辑链条展开论述。在说明方法的运用上，各类手法相辅相成：下定义法通过严格的概念界定，如 “Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water”，直接揭示事物本质；举例子法则选取典型案例，将抽象概念转化为具象认知，例如在介绍新能源汽车时，以特斯拉的电池技术创新为例，使读者更易理解；作比较法通过横向或纵向对比，如将传统燃油车与新能源车的能耗数据对比，突出事物差异；列数字法通过量化信息增强说服力，如 “The new vaccine has shown a 95% efficacy rate in clinical trials”；打比方法则借助生动比喻降低理解门槛，例如将 DNA 结构比作 “螺旋形的梯子”，使复杂知识通俗易懂。 从主题选材来看，说明文具有极强的包容性与时代性。在科技领域，会探讨 ChatGPT 等生成式人工智能的运行机制；自然科学类文章可能解析厄尔尼诺现象的形成机理；生活实用类文本会详细说明家庭急救操作步骤；文化研究类文章则追溯敦煌壁画的历史渊源。这些主题既涵盖传统知识体系，又紧跟科技发展与社会热点，使说明文成为学生接触前沿信息、拓展跨学科知识的重要载体。 3. 实例解析 The “reduce, reuse, recycle” rule is important for protecting the environment. To reduce means to use less (e.g., use fewer plastic bags). To reuse is to use something again (e.g., use an old bottle as a vase). To recycle is to change waste materials into new products. Question：What does the word “reduce” probably mean in the passage? A. 增加 B. 减少 C. 重复使用 D. 回收利用 【解析】文本围绕 “环保三原则” 这一说明对象展开，运用 “mean” 对各原则下定义，借助 “e.g.” 举例说明，层层递进地阐释概念，典型体现说明文严谨的逻辑特征。语体方面，“recycle”“waste materials” 等环保领域专业术语的运用，以及 “To reduce means to use less” 这类结构严谨的句式，都表明其属于正式书面语体。 4. 突破策略 ①找 “说明对象”：说明文往往在首段或首句直接点明核心内容，如上述示例开篇即提出 “reduce, reuse, recycle” 三原则。若开篇未明确，可通过反复出现的关键词、高频术语锁定说明对象。以一篇介绍濒危动物的文章为例，文中不仅会多次提及动物名称，还会围绕其生存现状、栖息地变化、濒危原因等展开论述，通过这些重复出现的信息，考生能够迅速抓住文章核心。此外，标题通常也是重要线索，例如《The Wonders of the Rainforest》这样的标题，直接暗示文章将围绕热带雨林的奇妙之处展开，帮助考生快速定位说明对象。 ②标 “逻辑词”：通过because、as a result、however、while、moreover等逻辑词，梳理文本中的因果、转折、对比、递进关系。比如看到because，就要明确前后文的因果关联，在分析问题时，可顺着因果链条理清事物发展逻辑；出现however，则要特别留意转折后的重点内容，这往往是作者想要强调的关键信息。以一段论述环保措施的文本为例，“Current recycling methods are effective. However, they still face significant challenges.” 这里however 一词表明后文将着重阐述当前回收方法面临的挑战，把握这一逻辑关系，有助于考生更好地理解文章脉络与作者意图。同时，像in addition、furthermore等表示递进关系的词汇，意味着后文会在现有内容基础上进一步补充说明，考生可以据此预判接下来的内容走向。 ③猜 “术语义”：当遇到专业术语时，可结合定义句、解释性语句或举例进行推断。如示例中通过 “means to use less” 明确 “reduce” 含义；也可借助同位语、定语从句等语法结构辅助理解。例如在句子 “The ecosystem, a complex network of living organisms and their environment, is under threat.” 中，同位语 “a complex network of living organisms and their environment” 对 “ecosystem” 进行了解释，帮助考生理解该专业术语。此外，还可以联系上下文，根据已知信息和生活常识进行合理猜测。比如在介绍科技产品的文章中出现 “wireless charger”，结合前文对充电方式的讨论和生活中对无线概念的认知，即使考生不认识这个词组，也能推测出其意为 “无线充电器”。同时，有些文章会通过对比或类比的方式解释术语，如 “A black hole is like a cosmic vacuum cleaner, sucking in everything around it.” 这里通过将黑洞类比为宇宙吸尘器，让考生更易理解黑洞的特性 。 （三）应用文：简洁正式语体，突出信息与功能 1. 语体特征 应用文的语言呈现极简且目的明确的特质，以高频使用祈使句、名词短语及功能性动词短语构建起高效信息传递系统。祈使句（如Please sign up before the deadline）通过直接指令迅速抓取读者注意力，名词短语（如Registration Requirements）以信息单元形式快速界定文本核心，功能性动词短语（如Submit your application）则明确引导行动方向。这类文本严格遵循 “信息密度最大化，表达冗余最小化” 原则，完全摒弃比喻、拟人等修辞性表达，甚至将形容词、副词等修饰成分控制在必要范围内。以近五年中考真题为例，通知类文本平均单句长度仅 12.3 词，广告类文本关键词重复率高达 35%，均印证了书面语体实用价值的极致发挥。从考场高频文本来看，通知类强调指令传达，广告类侧重产品推介，邮件类注重事务沟通，三者均以 “信息传递效率” 为核心诉求，形成高度凝练的信息传递风格。 2. 文体特征 应用文严格遵循 “核心信息 + 实用功能” 的创作逻辑，形成高度程式化的结构范式，并通过视觉设计强化信息层级： 通知类：严格按照 “活动名称→目标人群→时间安排→具体地点→参与方式” 的信息链条展开，常使用项目符号（・）或编号（1. 2. 3.）分项罗列关键信息。例如 2023 年某市中考真题中的运动会通知，在标题下方直接以 “参赛对象：全校学生”“报名时间：5 月 15-20 日” 等短句分项呈现，重要时间节点采用加粗字体，确保核心信息一目了然。 广告类：采用 “产品定位→核心卖点→促销机制→行动号召” 的说服框架，善用对比色背景突出优惠信息，关键数据（如 “限时 7 折”“前 50 名赠礼”）使用大号字体或特殊符号（❗）强化视觉冲击。2024 年某省中考真题中的英语夏令营广告，在 “核心卖点” 板块用图标配合短句 “沉浸式语言环境”“外教一对一辅导”，实现信息可视化传递。 邮件类：遵循 “主题说明→事由陈述→需求表达→结束语” 的沟通范式，主题行使用明确关键词（如Request for School Trip Approval），正文段落间设置空行增强可读性，结尾常用 “Looking forward to your reply” 等标准化套语。命题人常围绕文本中加粗、下划线等视觉强调部分设置细节题，要求考生精准匹配数字、时间、条件等关键信息，例如根据邮件中斜体标注的截止日期，判断选项中时间表述的正误。 3. 实例解析 Space Exploration Workshop Target Audience: Students aged 12-15 Event Schedule: July 15-20, 9:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m. Venue: City Science Museum Registration Deadline: July 10 Sign-up Method: Scan the QR code below Question：Who can join the workshop? A. 10-year-old kids B. 14-year-old students C. 16-year-old teens D. Adult parents 【解析】文本采用分栏式排版，通过标题加粗、信息分行等视觉设计强化阅读节奏。"Target Audience""Registration Deadline" 等专业术语的使用，体现正式语体特征；所有信息均以数据化、标准化表述呈现，无任何背景描述或情感渲染，符合应用文 “信息直达” 的典型特征。 4. 突破策略 ①靶向定位法：快速锁定题干核心词（如疑问代词 "Who"、特殊疑问词引导的关键信息），利用文本中的小标题、加粗关键词、项目符号等显性标识，直接扫描对应信息模块。例如，当题干询问活动的 "Target Audience" 时，可迅速定位到包含该小标题的段落，通过跳跃式阅读过滤无关内容，精准抓取目标信息。 ②信息可视化：采用结构化整理策略，在草稿纸上绘制简易表格、时间轴、树状图等工具。对于涉及多组对比信息的文本，可建立横向表格，将时间、地点、人物、事件等要素分类填写；处理叙事性文本时，通过时间轴梳理事件发展脉络；遇到说明文的分类信息，则可用树状图呈现层级关系，以此将分散的信息系统化。 ③三重校验法： 数值边界校验：针对年龄、价格、数量、日期等数值类信息，仔细核查区间端点值和单位表述。例如，若原文提到 "参与者需年满 12 周岁"，选项中 "10 岁以上可报名" 即属于端点值错误。 概念等价校验：识别文本与选项中的同义替换、近义表达及上下位概念关系。如 "join a club" 与 "participate in an organization" 虽用词不同，但表意一致；同时警惕将上位概念（如 "fruit"）偷换为下位概念（如 "apple"）的陷阱。 逻辑关系校验：重点关注条件句、因果关系（because, therefore）、转折关系（but, however）、并列关系（and, also）等逻辑连接词。分析选项时，需确认逻辑链条是否与原文一致，防止出现因果倒置、强加关联等错误。 干扰项识别：深入剖析命题人设置陷阱的常见手法： 偷换概念：通过修改关键信息的限定条件制造干扰，如将原文 "仅限本校学生参加" 改为 "所有学生均可参加"。 无中生有：在选项中添加原文未提及的细节或限制，例如文本仅说明活动时间，选项却增加 "需提前三天预约" 的虚假条件。 本末倒置：将文本中的次要补充信息夸大为核心条件，或将主要目的替换为附带效果，误导考生对信息重要性的判断。 （四）议论文：严谨正式语体，强调论点与论证 1. 语体特征 议论文的语言具有极强的逻辑性，高频使用观点表达词与论证衔接词，通过递进、转折、因果等逻辑关系构建严密论述体系。在观点表达上，作者常使用 I think、in my opinion、it is essential that 等短语明确立场；在论证过程中，for instance、in fact、moreover、therefore 等衔接词将论点与论据有机串联。例如，在探讨环境保护的议论文中，作者可能会用 “In my opinion, sustainable development is crucial; moreover, statistics show that countries adopting green policies have witnessed significant environmental improvements” 这样的句子，清晰展现观点与数据支撑间的递进关系。 句式结构方面，议论文呈现复杂多变的特征，常融合主语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句等复合句式，以及倒装句、强调句等特殊句型。如 “Only when every individual takes action can we truly protect our planet” 采用倒装结构，强调公众参与的重要性；“It is the collective efforts of society that will determine the success of environmental protection” 运用强调句，突出集体行动的关键作用，这些都塑造了典型的正式书面语体风格。此外，议论文倾向使用学术性词汇，如 significant、demonstrate、consequently 等，替代口语化表达，以此增强论述的权威性与可信度。 2. 文体特征 议论文遵循严谨的 “论点 + 论据 + 结论” 三段式框架。论点通常置于文章首段或结尾段，起到统领全文或总结升华的作用。部分文章会在段首以提问、现象描述等方式引出论点，随后通过转折词揭示核心观点。例如，开篇提出 “Why do so many cities still struggle with air pollution despite advanced technology?”，再用 “However, the root cause lies in the lack of strict regulatory enforcement” 转折引出真正论点。 论据形式丰富多样，涵盖具体事例、统计数据、名人名言、专家研究成果等。以 “青少年心理健康” 议题为例，可能引用 “世界卫生组织数据显示，全球 10 - 19 岁青少年中，约 15% 存在不同程度心理问题” 的统计数据，或引用心理学专家 “卡尔・罗杰斯认为，良好的家庭沟通是青少年心理健康的基石” 的观点，增强论证的说服力。论证方法上，常见举例论证、对比论证、因果论证、道理论证等，通过总分式（先总述论点再分点论证）、对比式（正反观点对比分析）、递进式（层层深入展开论述）等逻辑结构，确保论述严谨且层次分明 。 3. 实例解析 Reading books is more valuable than watching TV. First, books help us think deeply. Unlike TV programs that give ready answers, books make us use our brains to understand ideas. Second, books have more detailed information. For example, a history book can tell you stories behind events, but TV only shows short clips. So we should read more books. Question：What’s the author’s opinion? A. TV is better than books B. Books are more valuable C. Books are too detailed D. TV is easy to watch 【解析】该文本严格遵循议论文结构，首句 “Reading books is more valuable than watching TV” 直截了当地提出核心论点。随后通过 “First/Second” 分层阐述论据：第一层对比书籍与电视对思维深度的影响，第二层比较两者承载信息的丰富度，每个分论点均采用对比论证法强化观点。结尾句 “So we should read more books” 以因果逻辑词 “So” 引导结论，形成完整的论证闭环。从语体角度看，“valuable”“detailed information” 等学术词汇，以及 “unlike... that...”“but” 等复合句式和转折连词的使用，均体现出议论文严谨正式的语言特征。 4. 突破策略 ①精准定位论点句：论点句往往是理解文章主旨的关键钥匙。考生应重点关注文章首尾段，以及转折词（but、however、nevertheless）、总结词（therefore、in conclusion、in summary）前后的句子，这些位置常隐藏着作者的核心观点。例如，在探讨青少年心理健康的议论文中，开篇可能先列举当下青少年面临的各类压力现象，随后用 however 引出 “学校与家庭需共同构建支持体系” 这一核心论点。部分议论文会采用 “现象描述 + 转折论点” 的结构，考生需特别留意从现象到观点的过渡语句，像 “Despite these challenges, there are effective solutions” 这样的句子，通常预示着论点即将出现。 ②有效辨析论据类型 举例论证：举例论证是议论文中最常见的论证方式之一，作者通常会通过for example、such as、take... as an example等标志性短语引出具体事例，使抽象的观点变得具体可感。例如，在论述 “科技改变生活” 时，作者可能会以 “For example, the widespread use of smartphones has revolutionized communication and access to information” 来佐证观点。通过分析这些例子，考生能更直观地理解论点。 数据论证：数据论证因其客观性和权威性，在议论文中具有很强的说服力。这类论据通常包含具体数字、百分比、统计图表等量化信息。比如，在关于环保主题的文章中，可能会出现 “According to a recent survey, air pollution has increased by 20% in urban areas over the past decade” 这样的数据，考生需关注数据所支撑的观点，并警惕数据是否存在片面解读的情况。 引用论证：引用名人名言、谚语俗语、权威报告等进行引用论证，能有效增强文章的说服力。例如，引用爱因斯坦的名言 “Imagination is more important than knowledge” 来强调创新思维的重要性。在解题时，考生要思考引用内容与论点之间的关联，以及作者引用的意图。 对比论证：对比论证通过使用while、whereas、in contrast等词进行正反或异同对比，突出观点的合理性。比如，在讨论不同教育模式时，可能会有 “In contrast to traditional teaching methods, project - based learning encourages students' active participation” 这样的表述，通过对比，使作者支持项目式学习的观点更加鲜明。 ③准确判断作者态度：判断作者态度时，考生要善于捕捉文中带有情感色彩的词汇，通过形容词（important、beneficial、harmful）、副词（undoubtedly、apparently）及带有情感倾向的动词（advocate、oppose、criticize），结合全文论述方向，判断作者对论题的支持、反对或中立态度。例如，在一篇关于社交媒体影响的文章中，若频繁出现 “detrimental”“disrupt” 等词，可推断作者对社交媒体持负面态度。同时需注意区分作者观点与文中引用的他人观点，避免混淆。比如，文章在引用专家对某政策的批评后，可能会通过 “However, from my perspective” 这样的表述引出作者自己不同的看法。 ◇Part 03 核心策略解析 1.词汇层：建立动态主题词库，分类积累高频词群 以环保主题为例，除基础词汇plastic（塑料）、carbon footprint（碳足迹）外，需系统拓展衍生词（如biodegradable可生物降解的、recyclable可回收的）、同义替换词（pollution与contamination，exhaust与emission）及相关短语（renewable energy可再生能源、sustainable development可持续发展）。同时，深度掌握构词法规律：前缀un-（否定，如unusual不寻常的）、dis-（相反，如disagree不同意）、anti-（反对，如antioxidant抗氧化剂）；后缀 *-ment*（名词化，如development发展）、-tion（动作结果，如pollution污染）、-ify（使…… 化，如purify净化）。建议制作可视化词族思维导图，例如以 "environment" 为中心，辐射出environmental（形容词）、environmentalist（环保主义者）、environmentalism（环保主义）等词汇，并标注词源和例句。实际阅读中，可结合上下文语境（如对比、因果关系）推测生词含义，例如：Despite implementing strict anti-pollution measures, the factory's emissions remained high，通过despite的转折逻辑可推断anti-pollution意为 “防污染的”。 2.句子层：采用 “三步拆解法” 攻克复杂长句 首先锁定谓语动词，明确句子核心动作；其次剥离嵌套的定语从句（如who/which/that引导）、状语从句（when/while/although引导）、同位语从句等附属结构；最后梳理剩余主干成分间的逻辑关系，必要时通过括号标注修饰成分。例如句子“The scientist, who has dedicated decades to researching climate change, published a groundbreaking paper that proposed innovative solutions last month.”可拆解为： The scientist（主语） published（谓语） a groundbreaking paper（宾语） last month（时间状语） (who has dedicated decades to researching climate change)（定语从句，修饰scientist） (that proposed innovative solutions)（定语从句，修饰paper） 日常训练中，可通过划分句子成分、翻译长难句、改写复合句为简单句等专项练习提升解构能力。针对包含多重否定或倒装结构的特殊句式，需还原正常语序理解，例如将Rarely does a single solution address all environmental issues调整为A single solution rarely addresses all environmental issues。 3.语篇层：运用 “首尾 + 段落高频词” 双重验证法提炼主旨 首段常以现象引入（如数据列举、热点事件）或亮明观点（如开门见山式陈述），尾段多总结升华或提出倡议，需重点关注首尾句及转折词（however/therefore）、总结词（in conclusion/overall）后的关键句。同时，扫描各段落高频出现的关键词和主题句，若文本涉及多段环保案例（如塑料污染、碳排放、生态保护），需提炼共性为 “环境保护的多维度实践”，避免将主旨窄化为某一具体事件。建议采用以下实操步骤：绘制段落大意表格，横向标注段落序号、核心关键词、关键句，纵向对比分析共性；撰写段落摘要，用一句话概括每段核心内容；制作逻辑关系图，梳理段落间的并列、递进、因果等关系。特别注意区分事实细节与核心观点，警惕选项中 “以偏概全”（如用某段细节代替全文主旨）、“过度引申”（加入原文未提及的主观推测）、“偷换概念”（篡改关键词含义）的干扰项。例如，若原文仅描述 “某城市试点垃圾分类”，选项中 “全国推广垃圾分类政策” 即属于过度引申。 ◇Part 04 要点强化训练 提｜升｜练｜习 1 ①In the South China Sea, there is a group of Jiaoren, or Chinese mermaids, whose tears become pearls (珍珠) after they fall. To the north of Kunlun Mountains, there is a monster called Xiangliu, which has nine heads with human faces but the body of a snake. These magic creatures are from the ancient book of mythical (神话的) legends Shan Hai Jing. ②Shan Hai Jing, also known as The Classic of Mountains and Seas, is said to be at least 2,200 years old. It is about the culture and geography of China before the Qin dynasty. It has 31,000 words, more or less. The whole collection includes eighteen parts, talking about more than 350 mountains. It also tells many interesting stories and describes lots of mythical creatures. ③A famous story in the book is about Zhu Rong, the God of Fire. He is described as having a beast-like body and a human face, riding around the sky on two dragons. When he had a big fight with Gong Gong, the God of Water, Zhu Rong won. But after the fight, the human world came into complete darkness. Then he brought fire from heaven to the world and taught humans how to use it. ④Another famous story in the book is Feibao, which in another part is named Mo. It is described as a black-and-white monster that eats iron (铁). It also goes by the “Iron Eater”. The mysterious creature might be the giant panda. ⑤Although it’s not clear who wrote it, the Shan Hai Jing is an important ancient book in the pre-Qin period of China and is considered one of the treasures of Chinese culture. The stories in the book are now being spread from one generation to another in China. The book has inspired many people like Lu Xun and J.K. Rowling. There are also many books, films, games, and artworks made from it. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By giving two examples. C．By raising a question. D．By comparing two facts. 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Why is Shan Hai Jing popular. B．How Shan Hai Jing was written. C．The importance of Shan Hai Jing. D．The introduction to Shan Hai Jing. 3．The underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to ________. A．the book B．the body C．the fire D．the water 4．Which is the right structure (结构) of the passage? ①=Paragraph 1  ②=Paragraph 2 A．①②\③④\⑤ B．①\②③\④⑤ C．①②\③\④⑤ D．①②\③④⑤ 5．What is the best title of the passage? A．The God of Water—Gong Gong B．The Iron Eater—Feibao C．A valuable book—Shan Hai Jing D．A Mythical Legend of Zhu Rong 2 Last summer, I went to Guangzhou with my parents. It was my first time visiting the southern city, and I soon found its food culture quite different from mine, which taught me the importance of “when in Rome, do as the Romans do”. In my hometown, we usually eat noodles and steamed buns for breakfast, and our dishes are not too spicy. But in Guangzhou, people love light food like congee, dim sum and rice noodles. At the first meal, I felt a bit uncomfortable with the strange tastes. I even didn’t know how to use chopsticks properly to pick up small dumplings, which made me embarrassed. Later, I decided to learn about local food customs. I watched how local people ate, asked my parents and the hotel staff for advice, and tried to remember the eating habits there. For example, I learned that Guangzhou people like to drink tea with snacks in the morning, and they never waste food. I started to practice using chopsticks slowly and tried different local foods. Gradually, I fell in love with the delicious dim sum and fresh seafood there. This experience told me that different places have different cultures. To get used to a new place, we should learn more about its customs, observe carefully how local people behave, and put what we learn into practice. Most importantly, we must respect these differences. Only in this way can we get along well with others and enjoy our life in a new environment. 1．Where did the writer go last summer? A．To Shanghai. B．To Guangzhou. C．To Beijing. D．To Chengdu. 2．What do people in the writer’s hometown usually eat for breakfast? A．Congee and dim sum. B．Rice noodles and seafood. C．Noodles and steamed buns. D．Tea and snacks. 3．Why did the writer feel embarrassed at the first meal in Guangzhou? A．He couldn’t use chopsticks well to pick up food. B．He didn’t like the local food’s taste. C．He wasted a lot of food by accident. D．He knew nothing about local customs. 4．What does the underlined phrase “fell in love with” mean in the passage? A．hated deeply B．was afraid of C．felt worried about D．liked very much 5．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．The writer’s unforgettable trip to Guangzhou. B．Different food cultures between northern and southern China. C．We should follow local customs when in a new place. D．How to learn to use chopsticks well. 3 Inventions have always pushed society forward, and more and more creations now are closely linked to environmental protection. They help solve pollution problems and make our planet greener, showing that human wisdom can make a big difference to the environment. Take my neighborhood as an example. A year ago, the small river nearby was dirty because of waste from families and shops. Rubbish floated on the water, and we could hardly stand the bad smell. Later, the government set up new waste-sorting machines in our community. These machines can separate different kinds of waste automatically-paper, plastic, glass and kitchen waste are sorted into different boxes. People also learned how to use them correctly. Gradually, less waste was thrown into the river, and the water became clear again. We even see small fish swimming in it now. This invention not only keeps our neighborhood clean but also teaches us to protect the environment in daily life. Another great invention is solar-powered devices. Many streetlights in our city are now powered by solar energy. They take energy from the sun during the day and light up the roads at night. Compared with traditional lights that use electricity from coal, solar streetlights save energy and produce no pollution. Some families also use solar water heaters, which help cut down electricity use. These inventions show that we can use natural resources wisely to protect the environment. Inventions and environmental improvement go hand in hand. Good inventions help us solve environmental problems, and the need to protect the environment also encourages more new creations. As students, we should realize the importance of this connection, learn about green inventions, and even try to think of small ideas to protect the environment. If everyone pays attention to environmental protection and supports useful inventions, our planet will become more beautiful. 1．What problem did the writer’s neighborhood river have a year ago? A．It was too deep to swim in. B．It was dirty with waste and had a bad smell. C．There were no fish in it. D．It was dried up in summer. 2．How do the new waste-sorting machines work? A．They ask people to sort waste by hand. B．They burn all the waste together. C．They separate different kinds of waste automatically. D．They send all waste to the river. 3．What can we learn from the passage about solar streetlights? A．They use electricity from coal. B．They are bad for the environment. C．They help save energy and reduce pollution. D．They can’t work on rainy days. 4．We can infer from the passage that the government’s waste-sorting machines ________. A．only solved the river pollution problem in the neighborhood B．had no influence on people’s environmental awareness C．were too difficult for people to learn to use D．brought multiple benefits to the community and its residents 5．Which of the following can best summarize the whole passage? A．Two specific green inventions and their separate advantages. B．The close relationship between green inventions and environmental protection. C．How students can contribute to environmental protection through small inventions. D．The process of cleaning up a dirty neighborhood river with new technology. 4 Paper was invented by a Chinese man called Cai Lun almost 2,000 years ago. It didn’t spread to Europe until the year 1100. And four hundred years later, a German discovered that he could make the best paper from trees. After that, countries rich in forests, such as Canada, Sweden, America and Finland became the most important ones in paper making. The common uses for paper include newspapers, magazines and books. But do you know that paper can be used for keeping warm? For example, in Finland, the farmers wear paper boots to keep their feet warm in the snow. And even houses can be insulated (使绝缘) from heat or cold with paper. However, we have to understand that paper still comes from trees now. If we keep on wasting so much paper, there will not be any trees left on the earth some day in the near future. Every day people throw away about 3,000 tons of paper in the world, which means that we are cutting down nearly 48,000 trees every day. The fact is that it takes more than 10 years for a tree to grow. As for this problem, we can do many things in daily life. We can use both sides of every piece of paper. We can make useful things out of used paper. We can use china or glass cups instead of paper ones. When shopping, we can use fewer paper bags and reuse them if we have some. In short, we should keep a balance (平衡) between using paper and protecting trees, and do it now before it is too late. 1．When did making paper from trees spread widely around the world? A．2,000 years ago. B．In 1100. C．After 1500. D．In 1500. 2．What’s the main idea of the second paragraph? A．Paper is very popular in Finland. B．Paper can be used in many ways. C．Paper is widely used by farmers in Finland. D．Paper is common. 3．How many trees do we need to make one ton of paper? A．About 48,000. B．About 16. C．About 3,000. D．About 10. 4．What can we do to save paper according to the fourth paragraph? A．Using plastic bags instead of paper ones. B．Stop making things made of paper C．Making new things out of used paper. D．Using only one side of every piece of paper. 5．Which of the following is TRUE? A．A German made the best paper in 1100. B．We should plant more trees to make paper. C．The writer is worried about paper waste. D．People only like using paper. 5 There are about 7,000 languages spoken around the world. All the languages are different from one another in sounds, vocabularies and also structures. That leads to an ancient question: Does the language we speak shape the way we think? Charlemagne, Holy Roman emperor, said, “To have a second language is to have a second mind.” However, Shakespeare once had Juliet say, “What’s in a name? A rose by any other name would smell just sweet.” Recently, researches have been done to answer this question. Kuuk Thaayorre people in Australia don’t use words like “left” and “right”. Instead, everything is in directions: north, south, east and west. They would say, “Oh, there’s an ant on your southwest leg.” The way they say “hello” is “Which way are you going?” The answer would be “North-northeast in the far distance. How about you?” People speaking languages like this can always tell directions correctly. Language makes a difference in how people think about time. In a research, people speaking different languages are asked to organize pictures of a man in time order. An English speaker may organize pictures from left to right. But speakers of Hebrew (希伯来语) may do it in the opposite direction. This has something to do with writing direction. How would the Kuuk Thaayorre people organize these pictures? For them, the order of pictures changes every time they face different directions. Languages also influence how people describe events. If a man broke a plate by accident, English speakers may say, “He broke the plate.” People speaking Spanish (西班牙语) are more likely to say, “The plate broke itself.” This difference has a consequence that makes people speaking different languages pay attention to different things. In this example, English speakers will remember who did it, but Spanish speakers are more likely to remember it was an accident. Two people see the same event but end up remembering different details about the scene. Speakers of different languages think differently. You could ask yourself, “Why do I think the way I do?” or “How could I think differently?” 1．In Paragraph 1, Juliet’s words are mentioned to ________. A．give a different answer B．describe the smell of a rose C．support Charlemagne’s idea D．introduce works by Shakespeare 2．The purpose of using Kuuk Thaayorre people as an example is to prove ________. A．Hebrew speakers write from right to left B．words like “left” and “right” are necessary C．English speakers have a poor sense of direction D．language influences ideas of direction and time 3．The underlined word “consequence” means ________. A．fact B．purpose C．result D．advantage 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 4? A．English speakers are good at remembering accidents. B．The language of English has more details than Spanish. C．Spanish speakers can always tell who caused accidents. D．Details from two witnesses at one scene may be different. 5．The article is mainly about how language ________. A．helps us find directions B．attracts human attention C．changes in different areas D．shapes the way we think 6 Principals (校长) & Teachers Needed! The Canadian Trillium College (CTC) is a certificated school program in China, offering Chinese students the chance of getting credits (学分) for future college study in Canada. We are now hiring principals and teachers for the following subject areas: ●ESL (English as a Second Language) (Level 3-5) ●Senior English, Maths, Business, Physics, Chemistry, Computer Science and Social Science ●Principals CTC has schools located in China: Shanghai, Jinhua, Nanjing and Quanzhou. It is well-paid. We cover return travel cost and offer free flats, medical aids and more. This is an ideal chance for teachers (aged between 23 and 65) who care about students much and are looking for an amazing cultural experience. You can visit our website at www.ctc-school.com. For more information, contact us: TEL: 416-763-4121  Fax: 416-763-5225  Email: jobs@glctschool.com 1．CTC is set up to help Chinese students ________. A．know about Canada B．go to college in Canada C．learn English in China D．find teachers and principals 2．According to the passage, who has the chance to get the job? A．A 21-year-old Physics teacher who loves travelling. B．A 35-year-old Biology teacher who cares about students. C．A 42-year-old Maths teacher who likes different cultures. D．A 60-year-old English teacher who teaches Level 2 of ESL. 3．How many ways can people get information about CTC? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 7 When you’re outside in nature, you might not think about the dirt (泥土) under your feet very often, but soil is important! Life on land depends on the top layer (层) of soil. This small layer includes the nutrients (营养物) that keep Earth’s plants alive. And most of the animals, including people, depend on plants to live. How does this topsoil form? Over time, rocks break down and mix with dead plants. Then the plants are broken down. The nutrients that were once in the plants end up in the soil. This whole activity takes up to 15,000 years! Different types of soil can be found in different places. Because soil is so important to living things, knowing what’s in soil is important. In fact, soil science is a whole area of study, with people who do it as a job! One part of the job of soil scientists is to study dirt in a lab. They can also tell if the soil is polluted. The work of soil scientists influences a lot of people. Soil scientists can help farmers choose which crops to grow in an area. Engineers also depend on soil scientists. They work together to decide where buildings can be built. Soil scientists even help the government create new laws for people to take better care of soil. In some areas of the world, the soil is in trouble. Because of the changes in local weather, some areas have more big storms and floods. Soil scientists are needed to help manage the water problems. The right soil and the plants growing in it can play an important role in preventing floods. The plants take extra water and help it travel more slowly. And once the dirt has washed into the water, it won’t come back. Replacing (替换) soil when it’s gone is almost impossible. Soil scientists play an important part in trying to keep soil in place. Soil scientists do important work that influences us all. In fact, there is a head soil scientist in every state in the USA．Steve Baker is one of them. When he went to college, he decided to try something new. He visited with many professors at his college. They told him about soil science, and he decided it was the perfect job for him. 1．The top layer of soil is important because ________. A．living things on land depend on it B．nutrients in it were once in the plants C．it can be found outside in nature easily D．it includes nutrients that keep people alive 2．According to the passage, a soil scientist can ________. A．create new types of soil in a lab B．help farmers to add more soil to natural landscapes C．work with engineers to find the best locations of buildings D．make new laws for the government to take better care of people 3．What can you learn from the passage? A．No one understands how soil is made or what is in it. B．Topsoil is formed over thousands of years and has special nutrients. C．The plants growing in the soil can take extra water and keep it traveling. D．Soil scientists manage to replace soil when it is washed away by flooding. 4．The following sentence can best go after ________. If helping nature and supporting other people’s work sounds interesting to you, soil science may be a great career for you too! A．Paragraph 3 B．Paragraph 4 C．Paragraph 5 D．Paragraph 6 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Studying Soil: How Is Dirt Formed? B．Studying Soil: Why Is Dirt So Important? C．Studying Soil: How Can We Protect Dirt? D．Studying Soil: What Makes Good Soil Scientists? 8 You’re minding your own business when a “What’s up?” is thrown your way. You may hear this friendly phrase from a friend, classmate, partner, or stranger. They want to know what and how you’re doing, so what do you say? We’ve put together a list of the best replies to “What’s up?” so you’ll know exactly what to say in any situation. Common or usual replies Most of the time, “What’s up?” is used as an informal (非正式) greeting to say, “How’s it going?” or “What’s going on?” The question usually has a polite feeling. Basically, they want to know how you are, and you can reply honestly or coolly. Check out these popular replies: “Nothing much.” “Just the usual. You?” “Same old, same old.” “All good here! What about you?” Friendly replies Tell others what you’re doing and ask about their life. Whether you’re talking to a friend or partner, you can ask about something going on in their life. They may compliment you because of your kindness. You seem to be interested and encourage them to talk more. This can also keep the communication going. Here are some examples: “Hey, just doing some work. How’s your new job coming?” “Just got done walking the dog. How was the concert last night?” “Busy with exams. What did you do today?” Funny replies Add a bit of dark humor to your replies with raised brow (眉毛). You’ve had one busy day, and this is a funny way to ask a friend or partner if they’re really up to hearing all about it. You can go with these replies: “Do you really want to know?” “How much time do you have?” “Doubt whether you want to know about it.” 1．According to the passage, which of the following can be used as a common reply? A．I’m doing well. You? B．Are you sure you want to know? C．Busy doing the report. How was the movie yesterday? D．Doing some cleaning. How are things going with your sister? 2．What does the underlined word “compliment” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Dislike. B．Expect. C．Praise. D．Change. 3．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To explain the importance of humor. B．To suggest how to communicate in a friendly way. C．To provide some ways of answering questions. D．To show how to reply to “What’s up?” properly. 9 From falling asleep beside the dinosaur bones to watching dancers on the streets, there are many ways to experience cultural fun through the night. Best for: animal fans The popular Dino Snores sleepovers (在外过夜) for 7-to 14-year-olds sell out fast. Families get to explore the museum by torch (手电筒), create a dinosaur T-shirt and watch a show that children like. You can also get a camp bed, a snack box and a chance to enjoy an animal show. Best for: space fans NASA’s visitor center runs sleepovers in two different locations: a used spaceship called Space Shuttle Atlantis or the Apollo/ Saturn V Center. The experience is designed for small groups of 10-to 14-year-olds. Best for: drama students Built in 1879, this Swiss opera house and ballet theatre organizes sleepovers open to all ages. The activity includes a tour of the building. After that, you’ll bed down with your sleeping bag or blanket in the hall. Best for: Top Gun fans Travelers to the Big Apple can sleep over in this museum inside an aircraft carrier (航空母舰). The activity gives kids aged 6 to 17 the chance to find out what it takes to live, eat and sleep aboard an aircraft carrier. 1．Sandy is 14 years old and she is interested in animals. She may choose ________. A．Grand Theatre B．Intrepid Museum C．Natural History Museum D．Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex 2．If you take part in the sleepover in Grand Theatre, you can ________. A．experience the life on an aircraft carrier B．answer some math and science questions C．create a dinosaur T-shirt and watch a show D．have a tour of the theatre and sleep in the hall 3．Where can you probably read the passage? A．In a story book. B．In a travel guide. C．In an advertisement. D．In a sports magazine. 10 The Drama Festival will run in and outside China from June 20 to July 7. Sixty-five works will be put on both in theaters and online. “The festival is all about imagination connecting drama with the latest technology,” says Liu Chang, manager of the festival, who is also a drama director. Technology has improved design, performances and so on. Artists like Liu aren’t sure if the new technology can take drama to the future. A Chinese play directed by Meng Jinghui, inspired (得到灵感于……) by the two-part drama Faust by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, will be on as the opening play of the festival. In the first half of the play, Meng introduces the story to 400 real audiences (观众) sitting in the Fengchao Theater in Beijing. The second half of the play will have more audiences, who use their cell phones, computers and headsets to be part of the play online. Liu is a director full of imagination. His work, inspired by Hieronymus Bosch’s painting The Garden of Earthly Delights, will be shown from June 30 to July 2. Supported by AI, audiences can explore the fictitious scene, similar to the feeling in the real world, as the painting describes. “The stage (舞台) design is done by AI, which is like an assistant realizing the ideas of my team and me,” says Liu. “Now I try to use the latest technology, such as ChatGPT, to write the script, and I am still working on it because the language model is difficult to understand.” Now technology is playing a more and more important role. Many artists want to use it to improve drama. They are very interested in the relationship between people and the latest technology, especially when connected in drama—a scene to dream. 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。 1．How many works will be put on both in theaters and online? A．Sixty. B．Sixty-three. C．Sixty-four. D．Sixty-five. 2．Which of the following is true according to this passage? A．Liu doubts whether technology can greatly improve drama. B．Meng’s two-part drama Faust will be on at the opening. C．Audiences can explore the scene of Liu’s work by AI. D．Liu has managed to write the script by ChatGPT. 3．What does the underlined word “fictitious” mean in paragraph 3? A．Colorful. B．Unreal. C．Fantastic. D．Boring. 4．What is the structure of this passage? (①= paragraph 1, ②= paragraph 2, …) A． B． C． D． 5．What is the best title for this passage? A．A Drama Festival B．Human Imagination C．Drama Of The Future D．AI-assisted Painting 11 Record-setting high temperatures are dangerous for your health. Whether you’re in the middle of a heat wave or just trying to get through one hot day, you’ll need some ways to cool off and stay well. One of the most important is staying hydrated (含水的). “In the heat, everyone needs more water,” says Dr. Ashley Karpinos, a professor of medicine and sports medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, in Tennessee. And if you’re playing sports or exercising in hot weather, staying hydrated is even more important. One way to plan your water intake (摄取量) is to take your weight in pounds, divide that number in half, and drink that many ounces (盎司) every day. That’s according to Dr. Dana Cohen, who coauthored a book about the science behind hydration. Seems simple, right? Not so much. Hydration is complex (复杂的). Some people need more water than others. And sometimes, a glass of water isn’t even the best solution. The following tips from experts can help ensure you’re properly hydrated. Think beyond water. Water is typically the best thing you can drink when it’s hot outside. But other drinks can also do an excellent job keeping you hydrated. Cohen recommends coconut water. It contains natural electrolytes (电解质), which are minerals (矿物质) that help your body function. Some research suggests that milk might be hydrating, as well. Eat water-rich foods. “Eating foods with a high water content is a great way to stay hydrated in the heat,” Karpinos says. She recommends fruits and vegetables such as watermelon, cantaloupe, berries, peppers, lettuce and cucumbers. Hydrate before you feel thirsty. “One of the biggest mistakes people make is waiting until they feel thirsty before they drink water,” Karpinos says. By the time you feel thirsty, you’re already on the way to dehydration. If you’re an athlete, be more careful. According to Karpinos, it’s especially important for athletes to have a hydration plan in the heat. “The goal is to start exercise well-hydrated and maintain hydration during exercise,” she says. Athletes should also check for signs of dehydration when they’re doing exercise. 1．According to the author, which is the most important in hot weather? A．Exercise. B．Water. C．Minerals. D．Medicine. 2．What does the underlined word “dehydration” in Paragraph 7 mean? A．Being very tired. B．Being full of water. C．Being short of water. D．Being very healthy. 3．Which of the following is a good way to stay hydrated? A．Eating foods with low water content. B．Drinking coconut water when it’s hot outside. C．Drinking much water when you feel very thirsty. D．Avoiding taking exercise even if you are an athlete. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce some tips on how to stay hydrated in hot weather. B．To tell us that high temperatures are dangerous for our health. C．To show us how to plan the water intake every day in summer. D．To recommend some good foods that we can eat in hot weather. 12 Science shows that helping others can make you feel good, too. The key is to find the way that works for you. There’s a Chinese saying that goes: If you want happiness for an hour, take a nap. If you want happiness for a day, go fishing. If you want happiness for a year, inherit a fortune (继承财产). If you want happiness for a lifetime, help somebody. For thousands of years, the greatest thinkers have suggested the same thing: Happiness is found in helping others. Scientific research provides compelling (有说服力的) data to support the idea that helping others may be the secret to living a life that is happier, healthier and more productive and meaningful. Giving can feel great. And as we learn early, it’s better to give than to receive. Plus, the more you give, the more you stand to gain purpose, meaning and happiness. Find your passion (热情). It’s not how much you give. It’s how much love you put into giving. You might care about one cause more than others, and that’s okay. Support the cause that feels right for you. Give your time. The gift of time is often more valuable to the receiver and more satisfying to the giver than the gift of money. We don’t all have the same amount of money, but we all have time. We can give some of this time to help others—whether a few hours each day, or a few days each year. Give to groups with clear goals (目标). Michael Norton, a professor at Harvard Business School in Massachusetts, says “giving to a group that specifies (说明) what they’re going to do with your money or service leads to more happiness.” Don’t forget about yourself. Psychologist Adam Grant advises giving to others, but keeping your personal and emotional (情感的) needs in mind. You matter too! 1．According to this passage, what may cause a person to get happiness for a lifetime? A．Taking a nap. B．Going fishing. C．Inheriting a fortune. D．Helping somebody. 2．According to Michael Norton, ________. A．the more you give, the more happiness you will have B．you should give your time to help others instead of money C．you should keep your personal and emotional needs in mind D．you should give your money or service to groups with clear goals 3．What’s the best title for this passage? A．Give Your Time B．A Chinese Saying C．Help Others, Help Yourself D．Keep Your Needs in Mind ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年中考英语一轮系统化复习讲练（浙江专用） 专题16 阅读理解之文体与语体 目录清单 第一部分 中考考题再现回顾题型 锚点方向 第二部分 核心知识清单锁定基础 高效学习 第三部分 核心策略解析方法精析 策略巩固 第四部分 要点强化训练深度强化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 中考考题再现 （2025·浙江·中考真题）①Life is full of moments, but some are “special” and stay in our hearts forever. For example, the first time you rode a bike alone, a friend’s hug when you were sad, or in the evening talking with family. These moments aren’t always big, but they change how we feel about ourselves and the world. ②Special moments are like treasures. We don’t need to write them down—our hearts remember them. A teacher might praise a shy student’s drawing, making the child feel important. A parent could bake cookies with you on a rainy day, filling the kitchen with laughter. Even strangers can create them: a barista who knows your coffee order, or a neighbor who helps carry groceries. These small acts stay in our minds because they make us feel loved. ③Businesses also use special moments. A café might play soft music and serve warm cookies on cold days to make customers feel welcome. A bookstore could hold story time for kids every weekend, turning a visit into a happy memory. An ice-cream shop lets customers decorate their own cones (冰激凌蛋筒)—seeing a child smile while adding something is a moment everyone remembers. ④In the end, special moments are everywhere. They don’t need money or planning—just a little care. A kind word, a smile, or a small surprise can make life richer. So take time to enjoy these moments—they make life worth living. 1．What does the passage say about special moments? A．They are always big and exciting. B．We can keep the special things in mind. C．We need to write them down to remember. D．They have nothing to do with how we feel. 2．What does the ice-cream shop probably do according to the passage? A．Sells the cheapest ice-cream. B．Closes early on weekends. C．Refuses to let kids enter. D．Creates ice-cream moments for guests. 3．Which is the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．How to use the power of the moment. B．Why people forget small moments. C．When to plan big and exciting events. D．Where to find the most expensive treasures. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A 【解析】本文探讨了生活中“特殊时刻”的意义，这些时刻往往看似微小却能在我们心中留下深刻印记。 1．细节理解题。根据“We don’t need to write them down—our hearts remember them. ”可知，我们将那些特别的事铭记于心，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“An ice-cream shop lets customers decorate their own cones (冰激凌蛋筒)—seeing a child smile while adding something is a moment everyone remembers.”可知，冰淇淋店让顾客装饰冰淇淋筒，创造快乐记忆，故选D。 3．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引入主题；第二段和第三段从个人和企业角度阐述特殊时刻；最后一段总结概括，故选D。 4．主旨大意题。全文围绕“特殊瞬间”展开，强调它们带给人的温暖和美好，并说明哪些场合和方式会产生这样的瞬间，核心主旨即在于如何看待并善用这种“瞬间的力量”。故选A。 ◇Part 02 核心知识清单 在中考英语试题中，阅读理解板块通常占比较大，是决定考生英语成绩的关键环节。这一题型着重考查学生信息处理、逻辑推理、主旨归纳三大核心能力：信息处理要求学生能精准定位并提取文本中的关键信息；逻辑推理能力则体现在对隐含线索的挖掘与分析；主旨归纳能力考验学生对文本整体的概括提炼。 从选材维度来看，阅读语篇高度契合新课标要求，呈现出价值引领性与真实情境性两大显著特征。价值引领方面，常选取环保倡议、个人成长、文化传承等主题，如以濒危物种保护为背景的科普文章，或以青少年克服困难为叙事主线的励志故事，旨在传递积极价值观。真实情境性则体现在紧密贴近学生日常生活，内容涵盖校园活动（如俱乐部招募、校园公告）、社会热点（如智能设备使用利弊）、文化交流（如节日习俗介绍）等场景，帮助学生在答题过程中感知语言应用的实际价值。 在语言表达层面，语篇以规范书面语为主，注重语法结构的严谨性与词汇运用的准确性，同时融入符合中学生认知水平的地道表达与固定搭配。文体分布上，形成记叙文、说明文、应用文、议论文四大支柱类型：记叙文多采用时间轴或事件发展顺序，通过生动的情节设置考查细节理解；说明文以科学知识、现象解析为主，侧重考查学生对说明方法与信息层次的把握；应用文包含广告、通知、邮件等实用文体，重点训练信息提取与实际应用能力；议论文则围绕社会热点展开观点论述，要求学生理解论点、论据间的逻辑关系，培养批判性思维。 （一）记叙文：中性书面语体，聚焦情节与情感 1. 语体特征 记叙文在中考英语阅读理解中，语言风格兼具清晰性与感染力。其用词精准且具象化，常选用贴近生活场景的高频词汇，除camp（露营）、hike（徒步）等户外活动类动词，还会使用volunteer（志愿服务）、compete（比赛）等体现成长经历的动词；情感形容词则通过thrilled（激动）、disappointed（失望）、relieved（释然）等词汇，细腻刻画人物心理变化。句式结构呈现阶梯式特征：基础层以简单句快速推进叙事节奏，如 “She arrived at the park early.”；中间层运用 and/but/or 等连词构成并列句，实现情节转折，例如 “He failed the first try, but he refused to give up.”；高阶层穿插 when/while 引导的时间状语从句、because/since 引导的原因状语从句，增强逻辑深度，像 “When she finally reached the summit, she understood the meaning of perseverance.”。语言整体保持中性书面风格，规避俚语和口语化表达，同时通过比喻（如 “Her smile was a ray of sunshine”）、拟人（“The old clock seemed to whisper stories”）等修辞手法，在规范表达中注入文学性。 2. 文体特征 记叙文严格遵循 “起因→经过→结果” 的线性叙事逻辑，通过明确的时间线索（如 “Last summer vacation” “At the age of 12”）串联故事发展。核心要素中，人物刻画常采用 “平凡主角 + 关键配角” 模式，例如以学生为主角，教师、家人或朋友作为推动情节的重要角色；地点选择多聚焦校园、社区、自然环境等贴近考生生活的场景。文章在情节设计上注重设置冲突与转折：或是人与自然的对抗（如登山遇暴风雪），或是人物内心的矛盾（如是否揭发朋友的错误），通过 “困境→尝试→突破” 的递进结构，将 “坚持、感恩、成长” 等主题具象化。部分文章还会融入文化元素，如讲述传统节日习俗、异国文化体验，在传递价值观的同时考察考生的跨文化理解能力。结尾往往采用升华式写法，通过主角的内心独白或作者评论点明主旨，例如 “That day taught me that true friendship isn't about winning, but about standing by each other”，引发读者情感共鸣。 3. 实例解析 Last summer, I went camping with my classmates in the mountains. We left school at 7:00 a.m. by bus. After two hours, we arrived at the campsite. The guide showed us how to put up tents. In the afternoon, we went hiking and saw many beautiful flowers. At night, we sat around the campfire, singing and telling stories. Question：When did the students arrive at the campsite? A. At 7:00 a.m. B. At 9:00 a.m. C. At 12:00 p.m. D. At 5:00 p.m. 【解析】该文本严格按照时间顺序推进叙事，从早上 7 点出发，经过两小时行程到达营地，清晰地体现了记叙文 “时间线索 + 事件发展” 的典型特征。在语体方面，全文未出现任何口语化表达，属于标准的书面叙事语体，用词简洁规范，句式结构简单明了。 4.突破策略 ①画 “叙事地图”：在阅读过程中，将时间、人物、事件等关键信息进行标注，梳理出清晰的情节发展脉络。可以使用不同颜色的荧光笔或符号，对时间、地点、人物、事件等关键要素进行分类标记。例如，在描述一次旅行经历的文本中，明确标注 “7:00 a.m. 出发”“两小时后到达” 等时间节点，用不同符号标注 “我”“同学”“导游” 等人物，用下划线标出 “参观博物馆”“品尝特色美食” 等事件。这样不仅能帮助我们快速理解故事发展顺序，还能在遇到涉及细节的题目时，迅速定位到相关内容。同时，对于一些复杂的记叙文，如多条线索并行的故事，通过绘制简单的情节流程图，将不同线索的发展清晰呈现，避免阅读过程中出现混淆。 ②抓情感词：关注文章中出现的情感类词汇和具有情感倾向的副词，如proudly（自豪地）、finally（最终）、anxiously（焦虑地）、delightedly（高兴地）等。这些词汇就像隐藏在文本中的情绪密码，通过它们不仅能推断人物性格品质和情感变化，还能帮助理解作者的态度和意图。比如，当文中人物proudly完成某件事时，可推测其具有自信、积极的品质；而当出现 “anxiously waiting for the result” 这样的表述时，能感受到人物内心的紧张和不安。此外，一些形容词也具有强烈的情感色彩，如 “a thrilling adventure” 中的 “thrilling” 就暗示了故事的刺激和紧张氛围，在解答涉及文章氛围、情感基调等题目时，这些词汇都是重要的突破口。 ③避 “细节陷阱”：中考记叙文的题目常常设置细节类陷阱，需要我们仔细分析文本信息，避免仅根据表面词汇直接作答。命题人会故意设置一些与原文相似但含义不同的选项，或者偷换概念、扩大或缩小范围。如在一篇讲述活动安排的文章中，原文提到 “活动在下午 2 点开始，持续 3 小时”，题目可能会设置 “活动在下午 2 点结束” 这样的干扰项。再如上述示例中，不能仅看到原文中的 “7:00 a.m.” 就盲目选择 A 选项，而应根据 “7:00 + 2 小时” 的时间计算得出正确答案。在答题时，对于每个选项都要回到原文中找到对应的出处，逐字逐句进行比对，培养严谨的审题和答题习惯。同时，注意一些容易被忽略的细节，如数字的单位、人物的身份限定等，这些都可能是解题的关键。 ④把握主旨意图：记叙文往往通过具体事件传达某种主题思想，在解题时，要结合故事内容提炼文章主旨。首先通读全文，了解故事的大致情节和发展脉络，然后思考作者为什么要讲述这个故事，想要表达什么观点或情感。比如涉及主人公克服困难的故事，通常围绕 “坚持就能成功”“勇气的力量” 等主题展开；而关于友情的故事，可能会强调 “友谊的珍贵”“互相帮助的重要性” 等。在解答主旨类题目时，要避免选择过于具体或片面的选项，选择能够涵盖文章整体内容和情感的答案。对于推理类题目，也要以文章主旨为依据，从故事的情节和人物行为中合理推断作者的意图和情感倾向。此外，关注文章的开头和结尾，很多记叙文会在开头设置悬念或点明主题，在结尾升华情感或揭示道理，这些都是把握主旨的重要线索。 ⑤注意人称视角：关注文章采用的第一人称还是第三人称叙事。第一人称叙事能让读者更有代入感，且文中的 “我” 往往是故事的参与者，可通过 “我” 的所见所感来理解故事。例如，在以 “我” 的视角讲述的成长故事中，“我” 的心理活动描写能直接反映出故事的情感变化和主题发展。但同时要注意，第一人称叙事可能存在主观局限性，“我” 的认知和判断不一定完全客观。第三人称叙事则更客观全面，能从多个角度展现事件全貌，作者可以自由切换视角，深入描写不同人物的内心世界和行为动机。在解题时，根据人称视角的特点捕捉有效信息，如第一人称叙事中重点关注 “我” 的情感和想法，第三人称叙事中则综合分析不同人物之间的关系和行为对事件发展的影响 。对于一些采用第二人称 “你” 叙事的特殊情况，要理解作者使用这种视角的目的，可能是为了增强与读者的互动，或者以一种独特的方式传达情感和观点，在答题时同样要考虑这种视角带来的表达效果。 （二）说明文：正式书面语体，侧重对象与特征 1. 语体特征 说明文采用正式书面语体，语言风格严谨规范，体现学术性与权威性。在词汇层面，不仅大量使用与主题相关的专业术语，还会根据学科特性融入衍生词汇与固定搭配。例如环保类文章除了使用eco-friendly（环保的）、recycle（回收）等基础词汇，还会涉及sustainable development（可持续发展）、carbon footprint（碳足迹）等复合概念；科技类文章中，artificial intelligence（人工智能）常与machine learning（机器学习）、deep learning（深度学习）等技术术语形成语义场，通过专业词汇的集群化运用，强化文本的学科属性。 在逻辑衔接上，说明文通过多层级连接词构建严密的语义网络。基础层使用firstly、secondly等序数词划分段落层次，中层借助for example、such as等举例词实现抽象到具体的过渡，高层则运用in addition、moreover等递进词深化论述，最后以therefore、consequently等因果词得出结论。这种阶梯式连接系统，使文本呈现出清晰的 “总 — 分 — 总” 结构，确保信息传递的流畅性。 句式结构上，说明文偏好使用复合句与复杂长句。通过嵌套定语从句、条件状语从句、同位语从句等语法结构，将多重信息压缩在单一句子中，实现信息的高密度输出。例如，“The device, which integrates nanotechnology and artificial intelligence algorithms that can self - optimize based on real - time data, represents a significant breakthrough in smart manufacturing” 这句话同时运用了定语从句和同位语从句，精准阐释了设备的技术原理与行业意义，体现出说明文高度书面化、学术化的语言特征。 2. 文体特征 说明文以 “说明对象 + 特征 / 原理 / 方法” 为核心架构文章，通过严谨的逻辑链条展开论述。在说明方法的运用上，各类手法相辅相成：下定义法通过严格的概念界定，如 “Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water”，直接揭示事物本质；举例子法则选取典型案例，将抽象概念转化为具象认知，例如在介绍新能源汽车时，以特斯拉的电池技术创新为例，使读者更易理解；作比较法通过横向或纵向对比，如将传统燃油车与新能源车的能耗数据对比，突出事物差异；列数字法通过量化信息增强说服力，如 “The new vaccine has shown a 95% efficacy rate in clinical trials”；打比方法则借助生动比喻降低理解门槛，例如将 DNA 结构比作 “螺旋形的梯子”，使复杂知识通俗易懂。 从主题选材来看，说明文具有极强的包容性与时代性。在科技领域，会探讨 ChatGPT 等生成式人工智能的运行机制；自然科学类文章可能解析厄尔尼诺现象的形成机理；生活实用类文本会详细说明家庭急救操作步骤；文化研究类文章则追溯敦煌壁画的历史渊源。这些主题既涵盖传统知识体系，又紧跟科技发展与社会热点，使说明文成为学生接触前沿信息、拓展跨学科知识的重要载体。 3. 实例解析 The “reduce, reuse, recycle” rule is important for protecting the environment. To reduce means to use less (e.g., use fewer plastic bags). To reuse is to use something again (e.g., use an old bottle as a vase). To recycle is to change waste materials into new products. Question：What does the word “reduce” probably mean in the passage? A. 增加 B. 减少 C. 重复使用 D. 回收利用 【解析】文本围绕 “环保三原则” 这一说明对象展开，运用 “mean” 对各原则下定义，借助 “e.g.” 举例说明，层层递进地阐释概念，典型体现说明文严谨的逻辑特征。语体方面，“recycle”“waste materials” 等环保领域专业术语的运用，以及 “To reduce means to use less” 这类结构严谨的句式，都表明其属于正式书面语体。 4. 突破策略 ①找 “说明对象”：说明文往往在首段或首句直接点明核心内容，如上述示例开篇即提出 “reduce, reuse, recycle” 三原则。若开篇未明确，可通过反复出现的关键词、高频术语锁定说明对象。以一篇介绍濒危动物的文章为例，文中不仅会多次提及动物名称，还会围绕其生存现状、栖息地变化、濒危原因等展开论述，通过这些重复出现的信息，考生能够迅速抓住文章核心。此外，标题通常也是重要线索，例如《The Wonders of the Rainforest》这样的标题，直接暗示文章将围绕热带雨林的奇妙之处展开，帮助考生快速定位说明对象。 ②标 “逻辑词”：通过because、as a result、however、while、moreover等逻辑词，梳理文本中的因果、转折、对比、递进关系。比如看到because，就要明确前后文的因果关联，在分析问题时，可顺着因果链条理清事物发展逻辑；出现however，则要特别留意转折后的重点内容，这往往是作者想要强调的关键信息。以一段论述环保措施的文本为例，“Current recycling methods are effective. However, they still face significant challenges.” 这里however 一词表明后文将着重阐述当前回收方法面临的挑战，把握这一逻辑关系，有助于考生更好地理解文章脉络与作者意图。同时，像in addition、furthermore等表示递进关系的词汇，意味着后文会在现有内容基础上进一步补充说明，考生可以据此预判接下来的内容走向。 ③猜 “术语义”：当遇到专业术语时，可结合定义句、解释性语句或举例进行推断。如示例中通过 “means to use less” 明确 “reduce” 含义；也可借助同位语、定语从句等语法结构辅助理解。例如在句子 “The ecosystem, a complex network of living organisms and their environment, is under threat.” 中，同位语 “a complex network of living organisms and their environment” 对 “ecosystem” 进行了解释，帮助考生理解该专业术语。此外，还可以联系上下文，根据已知信息和生活常识进行合理猜测。比如在介绍科技产品的文章中出现 “wireless charger”，结合前文对充电方式的讨论和生活中对无线概念的认知，即使考生不认识这个词组，也能推测出其意为 “无线充电器”。同时，有些文章会通过对比或类比的方式解释术语，如 “A black hole is like a cosmic vacuum cleaner, sucking in everything around it.” 这里通过将黑洞类比为宇宙吸尘器，让考生更易理解黑洞的特性 。 （三）应用文：简洁正式语体，突出信息与功能 1. 语体特征 应用文的语言呈现极简且目的明确的特质，以高频使用祈使句、名词短语及功能性动词短语构建起高效信息传递系统。祈使句（如Please sign up before the deadline）通过直接指令迅速抓取读者注意力，名词短语（如Registration Requirements）以信息单元形式快速界定文本核心，功能性动词短语（如Submit your application）则明确引导行动方向。这类文本严格遵循 “信息密度最大化，表达冗余最小化” 原则，完全摒弃比喻、拟人等修辞性表达，甚至将形容词、副词等修饰成分控制在必要范围内。以近五年中考真题为例，通知类文本平均单句长度仅 12.3 词，广告类文本关键词重复率高达 35%，均印证了书面语体实用价值的极致发挥。从考场高频文本来看，通知类强调指令传达，广告类侧重产品推介，邮件类注重事务沟通，三者均以 “信息传递效率” 为核心诉求，形成高度凝练的信息传递风格。 2. 文体特征 应用文严格遵循 “核心信息 + 实用功能” 的创作逻辑，形成高度程式化的结构范式，并通过视觉设计强化信息层级： 通知类：严格按照 “活动名称→目标人群→时间安排→具体地点→参与方式” 的信息链条展开，常使用项目符号（・）或编号（1. 2. 3.）分项罗列关键信息。例如 2023 年某市中考真题中的运动会通知，在标题下方直接以 “参赛对象：全校学生”“报名时间：5 月 15-20 日” 等短句分项呈现，重要时间节点采用加粗字体，确保核心信息一目了然。 广告类：采用 “产品定位→核心卖点→促销机制→行动号召” 的说服框架，善用对比色背景突出优惠信息，关键数据（如 “限时 7 折”“前 50 名赠礼”）使用大号字体或特殊符号（❗）强化视觉冲击。2024 年某省中考真题中的英语夏令营广告，在 “核心卖点” 板块用图标配合短句 “沉浸式语言环境”“外教一对一辅导”，实现信息可视化传递。 邮件类：遵循 “主题说明→事由陈述→需求表达→结束语” 的沟通范式，主题行使用明确关键词（如Request for School Trip Approval），正文段落间设置空行增强可读性，结尾常用 “Looking forward to your reply” 等标准化套语。命题人常围绕文本中加粗、下划线等视觉强调部分设置细节题，要求考生精准匹配数字、时间、条件等关键信息，例如根据邮件中斜体标注的截止日期，判断选项中时间表述的正误。 3. 实例解析 Space Exploration Workshop Target Audience: Students aged 12-15 Event Schedule: July 15-20, 9:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m. Venue: City Science Museum Registration Deadline: July 10 Sign-up Method: Scan the QR code below Question：Who can join the workshop? A. 10-year-old kids B. 14-year-old students C. 16-year-old teens D. Adult parents 【解析】文本采用分栏式排版，通过标题加粗、信息分行等视觉设计强化阅读节奏。"Target Audience""Registration Deadline" 等专业术语的使用，体现正式语体特征；所有信息均以数据化、标准化表述呈现，无任何背景描述或情感渲染，符合应用文 “信息直达” 的典型特征。 4. 突破策略 ①靶向定位法：快速锁定题干核心词（如疑问代词 "Who"、特殊疑问词引导的关键信息），利用文本中的小标题、加粗关键词、项目符号等显性标识，直接扫描对应信息模块。例如，当题干询问活动的 "Target Audience" 时，可迅速定位到包含该小标题的段落，通过跳跃式阅读过滤无关内容，精准抓取目标信息。 ②信息可视化：采用结构化整理策略，在草稿纸上绘制简易表格、时间轴、树状图等工具。对于涉及多组对比信息的文本，可建立横向表格，将时间、地点、人物、事件等要素分类填写；处理叙事性文本时，通过时间轴梳理事件发展脉络；遇到说明文的分类信息，则可用树状图呈现层级关系，以此将分散的信息系统化。 ③三重校验法： 数值边界校验：针对年龄、价格、数量、日期等数值类信息，仔细核查区间端点值和单位表述。例如，若原文提到 "参与者需年满 12 周岁"，选项中 "10 岁以上可报名" 即属于端点值错误。 概念等价校验：识别文本与选项中的同义替换、近义表达及上下位概念关系。如 "join a club" 与 "participate in an organization" 虽用词不同，但表意一致；同时警惕将上位概念（如 "fruit"）偷换为下位概念（如 "apple"）的陷阱。 逻辑关系校验：重点关注条件句、因果关系（because, therefore）、转折关系（but, however）、并列关系（and, also）等逻辑连接词。分析选项时，需确认逻辑链条是否与原文一致，防止出现因果倒置、强加关联等错误。 干扰项识别：深入剖析命题人设置陷阱的常见手法： 偷换概念：通过修改关键信息的限定条件制造干扰，如将原文 "仅限本校学生参加" 改为 "所有学生均可参加"。 无中生有：在选项中添加原文未提及的细节或限制，例如文本仅说明活动时间，选项却增加 "需提前三天预约" 的虚假条件。 本末倒置：将文本中的次要补充信息夸大为核心条件，或将主要目的替换为附带效果，误导考生对信息重要性的判断。 （四）议论文：严谨正式语体，强调论点与论证 1. 语体特征 议论文的语言具有极强的逻辑性，高频使用观点表达词与论证衔接词，通过递进、转折、因果等逻辑关系构建严密论述体系。在观点表达上，作者常使用 I think、in my opinion、it is essential that 等短语明确立场；在论证过程中，for instance、in fact、moreover、therefore 等衔接词将论点与论据有机串联。例如，在探讨环境保护的议论文中，作者可能会用 “In my opinion, sustainable development is crucial; moreover, statistics show that countries adopting green policies have witnessed significant environmental improvements” 这样的句子，清晰展现观点与数据支撑间的递进关系。 句式结构方面，议论文呈现复杂多变的特征，常融合主语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句等复合句式，以及倒装句、强调句等特殊句型。如 “Only when every individual takes action can we truly protect our planet” 采用倒装结构，强调公众参与的重要性；“It is the collective efforts of society that will determine the success of environmental protection” 运用强调句，突出集体行动的关键作用，这些都塑造了典型的正式书面语体风格。此外，议论文倾向使用学术性词汇，如 significant、demonstrate、consequently 等，替代口语化表达，以此增强论述的权威性与可信度。 2. 文体特征 议论文遵循严谨的 “论点 + 论据 + 结论” 三段式框架。论点通常置于文章首段或结尾段，起到统领全文或总结升华的作用。部分文章会在段首以提问、现象描述等方式引出论点，随后通过转折词揭示核心观点。例如，开篇提出 “Why do so many cities still struggle with air pollution despite advanced technology?”，再用 “However, the root cause lies in the lack of strict regulatory enforcement” 转折引出真正论点。 论据形式丰富多样，涵盖具体事例、统计数据、名人名言、专家研究成果等。以 “青少年心理健康” 议题为例，可能引用 “世界卫生组织数据显示，全球 10 - 19 岁青少年中，约 15% 存在不同程度心理问题” 的统计数据，或引用心理学专家 “卡尔・罗杰斯认为，良好的家庭沟通是青少年心理健康的基石” 的观点，增强论证的说服力。论证方法上，常见举例论证、对比论证、因果论证、道理论证等，通过总分式（先总述论点再分点论证）、对比式（正反观点对比分析）、递进式（层层深入展开论述）等逻辑结构，确保论述严谨且层次分明 。 3. 实例解析 Reading books is more valuable than watching TV. First, books help us think deeply. Unlike TV programs that give ready answers, books make us use our brains to understand ideas. Second, books have more detailed information. For example, a history book can tell you stories behind events, but TV only shows short clips. So we should read more books. Question：What’s the author’s opinion? A. TV is better than books B. Books are more valuable C. Books are too detailed D. TV is easy to watch 【解析】该文本严格遵循议论文结构，首句 “Reading books is more valuable than watching TV” 直截了当地提出核心论点。随后通过 “First/Second” 分层阐述论据：第一层对比书籍与电视对思维深度的影响，第二层比较两者承载信息的丰富度，每个分论点均采用对比论证法强化观点。结尾句 “So we should read more books” 以因果逻辑词 “So” 引导结论，形成完整的论证闭环。从语体角度看，“valuable”“detailed information” 等学术词汇，以及 “unlike... that...”“but” 等复合句式和转折连词的使用，均体现出议论文严谨正式的语言特征。 4. 突破策略 ①精准定位论点句：论点句往往是理解文章主旨的关键钥匙。考生应重点关注文章首尾段，以及转折词（but、however、nevertheless）、总结词（therefore、in conclusion、in summary）前后的句子，这些位置常隐藏着作者的核心观点。例如，在探讨青少年心理健康的议论文中，开篇可能先列举当下青少年面临的各类压力现象，随后用 however 引出 “学校与家庭需共同构建支持体系” 这一核心论点。部分议论文会采用 “现象描述 + 转折论点” 的结构，考生需特别留意从现象到观点的过渡语句，像 “Despite these challenges, there are effective solutions” 这样的句子，通常预示着论点即将出现。 ②有效辨析论据类型 举例论证：举例论证是议论文中最常见的论证方式之一，作者通常会通过for example、such as、take... as an example等标志性短语引出具体事例，使抽象的观点变得具体可感。例如，在论述 “科技改变生活” 时，作者可能会以 “For example, the widespread use of smartphones has revolutionized communication and access to information” 来佐证观点。通过分析这些例子，考生能更直观地理解论点。 数据论证：数据论证因其客观性和权威性，在议论文中具有很强的说服力。这类论据通常包含具体数字、百分比、统计图表等量化信息。比如，在关于环保主题的文章中，可能会出现 “According to a recent survey, air pollution has increased by 20% in urban areas over the past decade” 这样的数据，考生需关注数据所支撑的观点，并警惕数据是否存在片面解读的情况。 引用论证：引用名人名言、谚语俗语、权威报告等进行引用论证，能有效增强文章的说服力。例如，引用爱因斯坦的名言 “Imagination is more important than knowledge” 来强调创新思维的重要性。在解题时，考生要思考引用内容与论点之间的关联，以及作者引用的意图。 对比论证：对比论证通过使用while、whereas、in contrast等词进行正反或异同对比，突出观点的合理性。比如，在讨论不同教育模式时，可能会有 “In contrast to traditional teaching methods, project - based learning encourages students' active participation” 这样的表述，通过对比，使作者支持项目式学习的观点更加鲜明。 ③准确判断作者态度：判断作者态度时，考生要善于捕捉文中带有情感色彩的词汇，通过形容词（important、beneficial、harmful）、副词（undoubtedly、apparently）及带有情感倾向的动词（advocate、oppose、criticize），结合全文论述方向，判断作者对论题的支持、反对或中立态度。例如，在一篇关于社交媒体影响的文章中，若频繁出现 “detrimental”“disrupt” 等词，可推断作者对社交媒体持负面态度。同时需注意区分作者观点与文中引用的他人观点，避免混淆。比如，文章在引用专家对某政策的批评后，可能会通过 “However, from my perspective” 这样的表述引出作者自己不同的看法。 ◇Part 03 核心策略解析 1.词汇层：建立动态主题词库，分类积累高频词群 以环保主题为例，除基础词汇plastic（塑料）、carbon footprint（碳足迹）外，需系统拓展衍生词（如biodegradable可生物降解的、recyclable可回收的）、同义替换词（pollution与contamination，exhaust与emission）及相关短语（renewable energy可再生能源、sustainable development可持续发展）。同时，深度掌握构词法规律：前缀un-（否定，如unusual不寻常的）、dis-（相反，如disagree不同意）、anti-（反对，如antioxidant抗氧化剂）；后缀 *-ment*（名词化，如development发展）、-tion（动作结果，如pollution污染）、-ify（使…… 化，如purify净化）。建议制作可视化词族思维导图，例如以 "environment" 为中心，辐射出environmental（形容词）、environmentalist（环保主义者）、environmentalism（环保主义）等词汇，并标注词源和例句。实际阅读中，可结合上下文语境（如对比、因果关系）推测生词含义，例如：Despite implementing strict anti-pollution measures, the factory's emissions remained high，通过despite的转折逻辑可推断anti-pollution意为 “防污染的”。 2.句子层：采用 “三步拆解法” 攻克复杂长句 首先锁定谓语动词，明确句子核心动作；其次剥离嵌套的定语从句（如who/which/that引导）、状语从句（when/while/although引导）、同位语从句等附属结构；最后梳理剩余主干成分间的逻辑关系，必要时通过括号标注修饰成分。例如句子“The scientist, who has dedicated decades to researching climate change, published a groundbreaking paper that proposed innovative solutions last month.”可拆解为： The scientist（主语） published（谓语） a groundbreaking paper（宾语） last month（时间状语） (who has dedicated decades to researching climate change)（定语从句，修饰scientist） (that proposed innovative solutions)（定语从句，修饰paper） 日常训练中，可通过划分句子成分、翻译长难句、改写复合句为简单句等专项练习提升解构能力。针对包含多重否定或倒装结构的特殊句式，需还原正常语序理解，例如将Rarely does a single solution address all environmental issues调整为A single solution rarely addresses all environmental issues。 3.语篇层：运用 “首尾 + 段落高频词” 双重验证法提炼主旨 首段常以现象引入（如数据列举、热点事件）或亮明观点（如开门见山式陈述），尾段多总结升华或提出倡议，需重点关注首尾句及转折词（however/therefore）、总结词（in conclusion/overall）后的关键句。同时，扫描各段落高频出现的关键词和主题句，若文本涉及多段环保案例（如塑料污染、碳排放、生态保护），需提炼共性为 “环境保护的多维度实践”，避免将主旨窄化为某一具体事件。建议采用以下实操步骤：绘制段落大意表格，横向标注段落序号、核心关键词、关键句，纵向对比分析共性；撰写段落摘要，用一句话概括每段核心内容；制作逻辑关系图，梳理段落间的并列、递进、因果等关系。特别注意区分事实细节与核心观点，警惕选项中 “以偏概全”（如用某段细节代替全文主旨）、“过度引申”（加入原文未提及的主观推测）、“偷换概念”（篡改关键词含义）的干扰项。例如，若原文仅描述 “某城市试点垃圾分类”，选项中 “全国推广垃圾分类政策” 即属于过度引申。 ◇Part 04 要点强化训练 提｜升｜练｜习 1 ①In the South China Sea, there is a group of Jiaoren, or Chinese mermaids, whose tears become pearls (珍珠) after they fall. To the north of Kunlun Mountains, there is a monster called Xiangliu, which has nine heads with human faces but the body of a snake. These magic creatures are from the ancient book of mythical (神话的) legends Shan Hai Jing. ②Shan Hai Jing, also known as The Classic of Mountains and Seas, is said to be at least 2,200 years old. It is about the culture and geography of China before the Qin dynasty. It has 31,000 words, more or less. The whole collection includes eighteen parts, talking about more than 350 mountains. It also tells many interesting stories and describes lots of mythical creatures. ③A famous story in the book is about Zhu Rong, the God of Fire. He is described as having a beast-like body and a human face, riding around the sky on two dragons. When he had a big fight with Gong Gong, the God of Water, Zhu Rong won. But after the fight, the human world came into complete darkness. Then he brought fire from heaven to the world and taught humans how to use it. ④Another famous story in the book is Feibao, which in another part is named Mo. It is described as a black-and-white monster that eats iron (铁). It also goes by the “Iron Eater”. The mysterious creature might be the giant panda. ⑤Although it’s not clear who wrote it, the Shan Hai Jing is an important ancient book in the pre-Qin period of China and is considered one of the treasures of Chinese culture. The stories in the book are now being spread from one generation to another in China. The book has inspired many people like Lu Xun and J.K. Rowling. There are also many books, films, games, and artworks made from it. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By giving two examples. C．By raising a question. D．By comparing two facts. 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Why is Shan Hai Jing popular. B．How Shan Hai Jing was written. C．The importance of Shan Hai Jing. D．The introduction to Shan Hai Jing. 3．The underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to ________. A．the book B．the body C．the fire D．the water 4．Which is the right structure (结构) of the passage? ①=Paragraph 1  ②=Paragraph 2 A．①②\③④\⑤ B．①\②③\④⑤ C．①②\③\④⑤ D．①②\③④⑤ 5．What is the best title of the passage? A．The God of Water—Gong Gong B．The Iron Eater—Feibao C．A valuable book—Shan Hai Jing D．A Mythical Legend of Zhu Rong 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．C 【解析】本文介绍了先秦古籍《山海经》。 1．推理判断题。根据“In the South China Sea, there is a group of Jiaoren, or Chinese mermaids, whose tears become pearls (珍珠) after they fall. To the north of Kunlun Mountains, there is a monster called Xiangliu, which has nine heads with human faces but the body of a snake.”可知，作者是通过举两个例子开始这篇文章的。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段内容可知，本段介绍了《山海经》的年代、篇幅、内容构成（山川、故事等），是对《山海经》的基本介绍。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。前文提到根据“Then he brought fire from heaven to the world and taught humans how to use it.”可知，这里“it”指代前文的“fire”。故选C。 4．篇章结构题。根据全文可知，文章第一段引出《山海经》；第二段介绍《山海经》；第三、四段讲祝融的故事和飞宝的故事；第五段总结《山海经》的重要性及影响。故选A。 5．最佳标题题。根据全文可知，文章围绕《山海经》展开，介绍其内容、故事及重要性。C选项“一本珍贵的书——《山海经》”最能概括主旨。故选C。 2 Last summer, I went to Guangzhou with my parents. It was my first time visiting the southern city, and I soon found its food culture quite different from mine, which taught me the importance of “when in Rome, do as the Romans do”. In my hometown, we usually eat noodles and steamed buns for breakfast, and our dishes are not too spicy. But in Guangzhou, people love light food like congee, dim sum and rice noodles. At the first meal, I felt a bit uncomfortable with the strange tastes. I even didn’t know how to use chopsticks properly to pick up small dumplings, which made me embarrassed. Later, I decided to learn about local food customs. I watched how local people ate, asked my parents and the hotel staff for advice, and tried to remember the eating habits there. For example, I learned that Guangzhou people like to drink tea with snacks in the morning, and they never waste food. I started to practice using chopsticks slowly and tried different local foods. Gradually, I fell in love with the delicious dim sum and fresh seafood there. This experience told me that different places have different cultures. To get used to a new place, we should learn more about its customs, observe carefully how local people behave, and put what we learn into practice. Most importantly, we must respect these differences. Only in this way can we get along well with others and enjoy our life in a new environment. 1．Where did the writer go last summer? A．To Shanghai. B．To Guangzhou. C．To Beijing. D．To Chengdu. 2．What do people in the writer’s hometown usually eat for breakfast? A．Congee and dim sum. B．Rice noodles and seafood. C．Noodles and steamed buns. D．Tea and snacks. 3．Why did the writer feel embarrassed at the first meal in Guangzhou? A．He couldn’t use chopsticks well to pick up food. B．He didn’t like the local food’s taste. C．He wasted a lot of food by accident. D．He knew nothing about local customs. 4．What does the underlined phrase “fell in love with” mean in the passage? A．hated deeply B．was afraid of C．felt worried about D．liked very much 5．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．The writer’s unforgettable trip to Guangzhou. B．Different food cultures between northern and southern China. C．We should follow local customs when in a new place. D．How to learn to use chopsticks well. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．C 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者去年夏天与父母去广州的经历。通过体验不同的饮食文化，作者意识到应遵循“入乡随俗”的道理，并学会了尊重和适应新环境的文化习俗。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Last summer, I went to Guangzhou with my parents.”可知，作者去年夏天去了广州。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“In my hometown, we usually eat noodles and steamed buns for breakfast...”可知，作者家乡的早餐通常吃面条和馒头。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段“I even didn’t know how to use chopsticks properly to pick up small dumplings, which made me embarrassed.”可知，作者因为不擅长用筷子夹食物而感到尴尬。故选A。 4．词句猜测题。根据划“Gradually, I fell in love with the delicious dim sum and fresh seafood there.”并结合上下文可知，作者逐渐喜欢上了当地的食物，因此“fell in love with”意为“爱上”。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。根据文中内容可知，文章通过作者在广州的饮食文化体验，说明了在陌生地方应了解并遵循当地习俗的道理，尤其最后一段点明主旨。故选C。 3 Inventions have always pushed society forward, and more and more creations now are closely linked to environmental protection. They help solve pollution problems and make our planet greener, showing that human wisdom can make a big difference to the environment. Take my neighborhood as an example. A year ago, the small river nearby was dirty because of waste from families and shops. Rubbish floated on the water, and we could hardly stand the bad smell. Later, the government set up new waste-sorting machines in our community. These machines can separate different kinds of waste automatically-paper, plastic, glass and kitchen waste are sorted into different boxes. People also learned how to use them correctly. Gradually, less waste was thrown into the river, and the water became clear again. We even see small fish swimming in it now. This invention not only keeps our neighborhood clean but also teaches us to protect the environment in daily life. Another great invention is solar-powered devices. Many streetlights in our city are now powered by solar energy. They take energy from the sun during the day and light up the roads at night. Compared with traditional lights that use electricity from coal, solar streetlights save energy and produce no pollution. Some families also use solar water heaters, which help cut down electricity use. These inventions show that we can use natural resources wisely to protect the environment. Inventions and environmental improvement go hand in hand. Good inventions help us solve environmental problems, and the need to protect the environment also encourages more new creations. As students, we should realize the importance of this connection, learn about green inventions, and even try to think of small ideas to protect the environment. If everyone pays attention to environmental protection and supports useful inventions, our planet will become more beautiful. 1．What problem did the writer’s neighborhood river have a year ago? A．It was too deep to swim in. B．It was dirty with waste and had a bad smell. C．There were no fish in it. D．It was dried up in summer. 2．How do the new waste-sorting machines work? A．They ask people to sort waste by hand. B．They burn all the waste together. C．They separate different kinds of waste automatically. D．They send all waste to the river. 3．What can we learn from the passage about solar streetlights? A．They use electricity from coal. B．They are bad for the environment. C．They help save energy and reduce pollution. D．They can’t work on rainy days. 4．We can infer from the passage that the government’s waste-sorting machines ________. A．only solved the river pollution problem in the neighborhood B．had no influence on people’s environmental awareness C．were too difficult for people to learn to use D．brought multiple benefits to the community and its residents 5．Which of the following can best summarize the whole passage? A．Two specific green inventions and their separate advantages. B．The close relationship between green inventions and environmental protection. C．How students can contribute to environmental protection through small inventions. D．The process of cleaning up a dirty neighborhood river with new technology. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．B 【解析】本文主要围绕“绿色发明与环境保护的紧密联系”展开，开篇点明发明推动社会进步且与环保息息相关，随后通过两个具体例子，论证绿色发明能有效解决环境问题；最后总结发明与环境改善相辅相成，并呼吁学生关注绿色发明、参与环保，强调每个人都能为地球变得更美贡献力量。 1．细节理解题。根据“A year ago, the small river nearby was dirty because of waste from families and shops. Rubbish floated on the water, and we could hardly stand the bad smell.”可知，一年前，附近的小河因为家庭和商店的垃圾而变脏，水面漂浮着垃圾，我们几乎无法忍受难闻的气味。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“These machines can separate different kinds of waste automatically-paper, plastic, glass and kitchen waste are sorted into different boxes.”可知，这些机器能自动分离不同种类的垃圾——纸、塑料、玻璃和厨余垃圾被分到不同的箱子里。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Compared with traditional lights that use electricity from coal, solar streetlights save energy and produce no pollution.”可知，与使用煤电的传统路灯相比，太阳能路灯节能且无污染。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“This invention not only keeps our neighborhood clean but also teaches us to protect the environment in daily life.”可知，这项发明不仅让小区保持干净，还教会我们在日常生活中保护环境，可推知政府的垃圾分类机器给小区和居民带来了多重益处。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章可知，全文开篇点明发明与环保紧密相关，中间通过垃圾分类机器、太阳能设备两个例子论证，结尾总结发明与环境改善相辅相成，核心是“绿色发明与环保的关系”。故选B。 4 Paper was invented by a Chinese man called Cai Lun almost 2,000 years ago. It didn’t spread to Europe until the year 1100. And four hundred years later, a German discovered that he could make the best paper from trees. After that, countries rich in forests, such as Canada, Sweden, America and Finland became the most important ones in paper making. The common uses for paper include newspapers, magazines and books. But do you know that paper can be used for keeping warm? For example, in Finland, the farmers wear paper boots to keep their feet warm in the snow. And even houses can be insulated (使绝缘) from heat or cold with paper. However, we have to understand that paper still comes from trees now. If we keep on wasting so much paper, there will not be any trees left on the earth some day in the near future. Every day people throw away about 3,000 tons of paper in the world, which means that we are cutting down nearly 48,000 trees every day. The fact is that it takes more than 10 years for a tree to grow. As for this problem, we can do many things in daily life. We can use both sides of every piece of paper. We can make useful things out of used paper. We can use china or glass cups instead of paper ones. When shopping, we can use fewer paper bags and reuse them if we have some. In short, we should keep a balance (平衡) between using paper and protecting trees, and do it now before it is too late. 1．When did making paper from trees spread widely around the world? A．2,000 years ago. B．In 1100. C．After 1500. D．In 1500. 2．What’s the main idea of the second paragraph? A．Paper is very popular in Finland. B．Paper can be used in many ways. C．Paper is widely used by farmers in Finland. D．Paper is common. 3．How many trees do we need to make one ton of paper? A．About 48,000. B．About 16. C．About 3,000. D．About 10. 4．What can we do to save paper according to the fourth paragraph? A．Using plastic bags instead of paper ones. B．Stop making things made of paper C．Making new things out of used paper. D．Using only one side of every piece of paper. 5．Which of the following is TRUE? A．A German made the best paper in 1100. B．We should plant more trees to make paper. C．The writer is worried about paper waste. D．People only like using paper. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了纸的发明、传播、用途、制作原料以及节约用纸和保护树木的必要性和具体方法。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“It didn’t spread to Europe until the year 1100. And four hundred years later, a German discovered that he could make the best paper from trees...”可知，德国人在造纸术传入欧洲400年后 (即1100+400=1500年之后) 发现可以用树木制造最好的纸，此后木材造纸才广泛传播。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。第二段首先提到纸的常见用途 (报纸、杂志、书籍)，接着用芬兰的例子说明纸还可用于保暖 (纸靴、房屋隔热)，主要说明了纸有多种用途。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Every day people throw away about 3,000 tons of paper...cutting down nearly 48,000 trees every day.”可推算，制造3000吨纸需要48000棵树，那么每吨纸约需48000 ÷ 3000 = 16棵树。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段“We can make useful things out of used paper.”可知，作者建议用废纸制作有用的物品来节约用纸。故选C。 5．推理判断题。通读全文，特别是第三段对浪费纸张导致树木被砍伐的担忧，以及第四、五段呼吁节约用纸，可知作者对纸张浪费问题感到忧虑。故选C。 5 There are about 7,000 languages spoken around the world. All the languages are different from one another in sounds, vocabularies and also structures. That leads to an ancient question: Does the language we speak shape the way we think? Charlemagne, Holy Roman emperor, said, “To have a second language is to have a second mind.” However, Shakespeare once had Juliet say, “What’s in a name? A rose by any other name would smell just sweet.” Recently, researches have been done to answer this question. Kuuk Thaayorre people in Australia don’t use words like “left” and “right”. Instead, everything is in directions: north, south, east and west. They would say, “Oh, there’s an ant on your southwest leg.” The way they say “hello” is “Which way are you going?” The answer would be “North-northeast in the far distance. How about you?” People speaking languages like this can always tell directions correctly. Language makes a difference in how people think about time. In a research, people speaking different languages are asked to organize pictures of a man in time order. An English speaker may organize pictures from left to right. But speakers of Hebrew (希伯来语) may do it in the opposite direction. This has something to do with writing direction. How would the Kuuk Thaayorre people organize these pictures? For them, the order of pictures changes every time they face different directions. Languages also influence how people describe events. If a man broke a plate by accident, English speakers may say, “He broke the plate.” People speaking Spanish (西班牙语) are more likely to say, “The plate broke itself.” This difference has a consequence that makes people speaking different languages pay attention to different things. In this example, English speakers will remember who did it, but Spanish speakers are more likely to remember it was an accident. Two people see the same event but end up remembering different details about the scene. Speakers of different languages think differently. You could ask yourself, “Why do I think the way I do?” or “How could I think differently?” 1．In Paragraph 1, Juliet’s words are mentioned to ________. A．give a different answer B．describe the smell of a rose C．support Charlemagne’s idea D．introduce works by Shakespeare 2．The purpose of using Kuuk Thaayorre people as an example is to prove ________. A．Hebrew speakers write from right to left B．words like “left” and “right” are necessary C．English speakers have a poor sense of direction D．language influences ideas of direction and time 3．The underlined word “consequence” means ________. A．fact B．purpose C．result D．advantage 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 4? A．English speakers are good at remembering accidents. B．The language of English has more details than Spanish. C．Spanish speakers can always tell who caused accidents. D．Details from two witnesses at one scene may be different. 5．The article is mainly about how language ________. A．helps us find directions B．attracts human attention C．changes in different areas D．shapes the way we think 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．D 【解析】本文通过多个研究实例探讨了语言如何影响人们的思维方式，包括方向感、时间观念和事件描述等。 1．推理判断题。在提出“语言是否塑造思维”的古老问题后，作者先引用查理曼大帝支持的观点，再引用朱丽叶的反问，是为了呈现不同的观点。故选A。 2．推理判断题。作者以Kuuk Thaayorre人为例，说明他们不用“左、右”而用绝对方向，且其时间排序随方向变化，旨在证明语言对方向和时间观念的影响。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据“This difference has a consequence that makes people speaking different languages pay attention to different things.”可知，这种差异导致说不同语言的人关注不同事物，因此consequence意为“结果”。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Two people see the same event but end up remembering different details about the scene.”可知，两个目击者对同一场景的记忆细节可能不同。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章通过多个研究实例，主要论述语言如何塑造我们的思维方式。故选D。 6 Principals (校长) & Teachers Needed! The Canadian Trillium College (CTC) is a certificated school program in China, offering Chinese students the chance of getting credits (学分) for future college study in Canada. We are now hiring principals and teachers for the following subject areas: ●ESL (English as a Second Language) (Level 3-5) ●Senior English, Maths, Business, Physics, Chemistry, Computer Science and Social Science ●Principals CTC has schools located in China: Shanghai, Jinhua, Nanjing and Quanzhou. It is well-paid. We cover return travel cost and offer free flats, medical aids and more. This is an ideal chance for teachers (aged between 23 and 65) who care about students much and are looking for an amazing cultural experience. You can visit our website at www.ctc-school.com. For more information, contact us: TEL: 416-763-4121  Fax: 416-763-5225  Email: jobs@glctschool.com 1．CTC is set up to help Chinese students ________. A．know about Canada B．go to college in Canada C．learn English in China D．find teachers and principals 2．According to the passage, who has the chance to get the job? A．A 21-year-old Physics teacher who loves travelling. B．A 35-year-old Biology teacher who cares about students. C．A 42-year-old Maths teacher who likes different cultures. D．A 60-year-old English teacher who teaches Level 2 of ESL. 3．How many ways can people get information about CTC? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 【解析】本文主要介绍了加拿大加安国际学院 (CTC) 在中国的招聘信息，包括其办学目的、招聘岗位及申请方式等。 1．细节理解题。根据“offering Chinese students the chance of getting credits for future college study in Canada”可知，CTC的设立是为了帮助中国学生获得未来在加拿大读大学的学分，即助力其去加拿大读大学。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“Senior English, Maths, Business, Physics, Chemistry, Computer Science and Social Science”以及“This is an ideal chance for teachers (aged between 23 and 65) who care students much and are looking for an amazing cultural experience.”可推断出，42岁的数学老师，喜欢不同文化符合招聘的年龄、科目、性格要求。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“You can visit our website at www.ctc-school.com.”以及“TEL: 416-763-4121 Fax: 416-763-5225 Email: jobs@glctschool.com”可知，人们可以通过访问网站、电话、传真、邮件这4种途径获取有关CTC的信息。故选B。 7 When you’re outside in nature, you might not think about the dirt (泥土) under your feet very often, but soil is important! Life on land depends on the top layer (层) of soil. This small layer includes the nutrients (营养物) that keep Earth’s plants alive. And most of the animals, including people, depend on plants to live. How does this topsoil form? Over time, rocks break down and mix with dead plants. Then the plants are broken down. The nutrients that were once in the plants end up in the soil. This whole activity takes up to 15,000 years! Different types of soil can be found in different places. Because soil is so important to living things, knowing what’s in soil is important. In fact, soil science is a whole area of study, with people who do it as a job! One part of the job of soil scientists is to study dirt in a lab. They can also tell if the soil is polluted. The work of soil scientists influences a lot of people. Soil scientists can help farmers choose which crops to grow in an area. Engineers also depend on soil scientists. They work together to decide where buildings can be built. Soil scientists even help the government create new laws for people to take better care of soil. In some areas of the world, the soil is in trouble. Because of the changes in local weather, some areas have more big storms and floods. Soil scientists are needed to help manage the water problems. The right soil and the plants growing in it can play an important role in preventing floods. The plants take extra water and help it travel more slowly. And once the dirt has washed into the water, it won’t come back. Replacing (替换) soil when it’s gone is almost impossible. Soil scientists play an important part in trying to keep soil in place. Soil scientists do important work that influences us all. In fact, there is a head soil scientist in every state in the USA．Steve Baker is one of them. When he went to college, he decided to try something new. He visited with many professors at his college. They told him about soil science, and he decided it was the perfect job for him. 1．The top layer of soil is important because ________. A．living things on land depend on it B．nutrients in it were once in the plants C．it can be found outside in nature easily D．it includes nutrients that keep people alive 2．According to the passage, a soil scientist can ________. A．create new types of soil in a lab B．help farmers to add more soil to natural landscapes C．work with engineers to find the best locations of buildings D．make new laws for the government to take better care of people 3．What can you learn from the passage? A．No one understands how soil is made or what is in it. B．Topsoil is formed over thousands of years and has special nutrients. C．The plants growing in the soil can take extra water and keep it traveling. D．Soil scientists manage to replace soil when it is washed away by flooding. 4．The following sentence can best go after ________. If helping nature and supporting other people’s work sounds interesting to you, soil science may be a great career for you too! A．Paragraph 3 B．Paragraph 4 C．Paragraph 5 D．Paragraph 6 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Studying Soil: How Is Dirt Formed? B．Studying Soil: Why Is Dirt So Important? C．Studying Soil: How Can We Protect Dirt? D．Studying Soil: What Makes Good Soil Scientists? 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．B 【解析】本文主要介绍了土壤的重要性、形成过程、土壤科学的研究价值和土壤科学家的工作。 1．细节理解题。根据“Life on land depends on the top layer (层) of soil. This small layer includes the nutrients (营养物) that keep Earth’s plants alive. And most of the animals, including people, depend on plants to live.”可知，表层土壤重要的原因是：陆地上的生物依赖于它。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Engineers also depend on soil scientists. They work together to decide where buildings can be built.”可知，土壤科学家可以和工程师合作找建筑的最佳位置。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“This small layer includes the nutrients (营养物) that keep Earth’s plants alive.”和“This whole activity takes up to 15,000 years!”可知，表层土壤形成需要数千年，且含有特殊营养。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“If helping nature and supporting other people’s work sounds interesting to you, soil science may be a great career for you too!”可知，该句是推荐土壤科学作为职业选择，需匹配介绍土壤科学家职业的段落；根据文章可知，第六段介绍了美国的土壤科学家Steve Baker的职业选择经历，所以应该放在第六段之后。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。根据文章内容可知，全文围绕土壤的重要性、土壤科学的研究、土壤科学家的工作展开，核心是“土壤为何重要”。故选B。 8 You’re minding your own business when a “What’s up?” is thrown your way. You may hear this friendly phrase from a friend, classmate, partner, or stranger. They want to know what and how you’re doing, so what do you say? We’ve put together a list of the best replies to “What’s up?” so you’ll know exactly what to say in any situation. Common or usual replies Most of the time, “What’s up?” is used as an informal (非正式) greeting to say, “How’s it going?” or “What’s going on?” The question usually has a polite feeling. Basically, they want to know how you are, and you can reply honestly or coolly. Check out these popular replies: “Nothing much.” “Just the usual. You?” “Same old, same old.” “All good here! What about you?” Friendly replies Tell others what you’re doing and ask about their life. Whether you’re talking to a friend or partner, you can ask about something going on in their life. They may compliment you because of your kindness. You seem to be interested and encourage them to talk more. This can also keep the communication going. Here are some examples: “Hey, just doing some work. How’s your new job coming?” “Just got done walking the dog. How was the concert last night?” “Busy with exams. What did you do today?” Funny replies Add a bit of dark humor to your replies with raised brow (眉毛). You’ve had one busy day, and this is a funny way to ask a friend or partner if they’re really up to hearing all about it. You can go with these replies: “Do you really want to know?” “How much time do you have?” “Doubt whether you want to know about it.” 1．According to the passage, which of the following can be used as a common reply? A．I’m doing well. You? B．Are you sure you want to know? C．Busy doing the report. How was the movie yesterday? D．Doing some cleaning. How are things going with your sister? 2．What does the underlined word “compliment” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Dislike. B．Expect. C．Praise. D．Change. 3．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To explain the importance of humor. B．To suggest how to communicate in a friendly way. C．To provide some ways of answering questions. D．To show how to reply to “What’s up?” properly. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了当别人问你“What’s up?”时，在不同情境下如何恰当地回应，包括常见的回应方式、友好的回应方式以及幽默的回应方式。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Common or usual replies”部分所列举的常见回答，如“Nothing much.” “Just the usual. You?” “All good here! What about you?”等可知，常见的回复通常简短、轻松，并常附带反问对方近况。选项A “I’m doing well. You?”符合这一特点。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Friendly replies”部分中“They may compliment you because of your kindness. You seem to be interested and encourage them to talk more.”可知，当你表现出兴趣并鼓励对方多交谈时，对方会因为你的友善而“称赞”你，所以“compliment”的意思是“称赞”。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。全文围绕“How to reply to ‘What’s up?’”展开，分别从常见、友好和幽默三种角度提供具体回答范例，目的是帮助读者掌握在不同场合下如何恰当回应这一问候语。因此，作者的写作意图是展示如何得体地回答“What’s up?”，选项D最准确地概括了这一目的。故选D。 9 From falling asleep beside the dinosaur bones to watching dancers on the streets, there are many ways to experience cultural fun through the night. Best for: animal fans The popular Dino Snores sleepovers (在外过夜) for 7-to 14-year-olds sell out fast. Families get to explore the museum by torch (手电筒), create a dinosaur T-shirt and watch a show that children like. You can also get a camp bed, a snack box and a chance to enjoy an animal show. Best for: space fans NASA’s visitor center runs sleepovers in two different locations: a used spaceship called Space Shuttle Atlantis or the Apollo/ Saturn V Center. The experience is designed for small groups of 10-to 14-year-olds. Best for: drama students Built in 1879, this Swiss opera house and ballet theatre organizes sleepovers open to all ages. The activity includes a tour of the building. After that, you’ll bed down with your sleeping bag or blanket in the hall. Best for: Top Gun fans Travelers to the Big Apple can sleep over in this museum inside an aircraft carrier (航空母舰). The activity gives kids aged 6 to 17 the chance to find out what it takes to live, eat and sleep aboard an aircraft carrier. 1．Sandy is 14 years old and she is interested in animals. She may choose ________. A．Grand Theatre B．Intrepid Museum C．Natural History Museum D．Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex 2．If you take part in the sleepover in Grand Theatre, you can ________. A．experience the life on an aircraft carrier B．answer some math and science questions C．create a dinosaur T-shirt and watch a show D．have a tour of the theatre and sleep in the hall 3．Where can you probably read the passage? A．In a story book. B．In a travel guide. C．In an advertisement. D．In a sports magazine. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 【解析】本文主要介绍了一些旅游地点，在那里可以在晚上体验文化乐趣。 1．推理判断题。根据“Natural History Museum, London”和“Best for: animal fans”可知，14岁的Sandy对动物感兴趣，可选择自然历史博物馆。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Grand Theatre, Geneva”和“The activity includes a tour of the building. After that, you’ll bed down with your sleeping bag or blanket in the hall.”可知，如果你参加大剧院的过夜派对，可以参观一下剧院，并睡在大厅里。故选D。 3．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了一些旅游地点，在那里可以在晚上体验文化乐趣，应该是来自旅游指南。故选B。 10 The Drama Festival will run in and outside China from June 20 to July 7. Sixty-five works will be put on both in theaters and online. “The festival is all about imagination connecting drama with the latest technology,” says Liu Chang, manager of the festival, who is also a drama director. Technology has improved design, performances and so on. Artists like Liu aren’t sure if the new technology can take drama to the future. A Chinese play directed by Meng Jinghui, inspired (得到灵感于……) by the two-part drama Faust by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, will be on as the opening play of the festival. In the first half of the play, Meng introduces the story to 400 real audiences (观众) sitting in the Fengchao Theater in Beijing. The second half of the play will have more audiences, who use their cell phones, computers and headsets to be part of the play online. Liu is a director full of imagination. His work, inspired by Hieronymus Bosch’s painting The Garden of Earthly Delights, will be shown from June 30 to July 2. Supported by AI, audiences can explore the fictitious scene, similar to the feeling in the real world, as the painting describes. “The stage (舞台) design is done by AI, which is like an assistant realizing the ideas of my team and me,” says Liu. “Now I try to use the latest technology, such as ChatGPT, to write the script, and I am still working on it because the language model is difficult to understand.” Now technology is playing a more and more important role. Many artists want to use it to improve drama. They are very interested in the relationship between people and the latest technology, especially when connected in drama—a scene to dream. 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。 1．How many works will be put on both in theaters and online? A．Sixty. B．Sixty-three. C．Sixty-four. D．Sixty-five. 2．Which of the following is true according to this passage? A．Liu doubts whether technology can greatly improve drama. B．Meng’s two-part drama Faust will be on at the opening. C．Audiences can explore the scene of Liu’s work by AI. D．Liu has managed to write the script by ChatGPT. 3．What does the underlined word “fictitious” mean in paragraph 3? A．Colorful. B．Unreal. C．Fantastic. D．Boring. 4．What is the structure of this passage? (①= paragraph 1, ②= paragraph 2, …) A． B． C． D． 5．What is the best title for this passage? A．A Drama Festival B．Human Imagination C．Drama Of The Future D．AI-assisted Painting 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．C 【解析】本文主要讲述了戏剧节的相关信息，包括举办时间、演出作品数量、开幕戏剧、部分作品特色以及科技在戏剧中的应用等。 1．细节理解题。根据“Sixty-five works will be put on both in theaters and online.”可知，将有六十五部作品在剧院和网络上同时上演。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Supported by AI, audiences can explore the fictitious scene, similar to the feeling in the real world, as the painting describes.”可知，刘畅的作品在AI支持下，观众可探索虚构场景。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Supported by AI, audiences can explore the fictitious scene, similar to the feeling in the real world, as the painting describes.”可知，在人工智能的支持下，观众可以探索与绘画所描述的类似真实世界感觉的场景，所以“fictitious”的意思应该是“不真实的，虚构的”，与“Unreal”意思相近。故选B。 4．篇章结构题。第一段讲戏剧节的时间、作品数量以及戏剧节经理对戏剧节的介绍；第二至四段分别举孟京辉及刘畅的作品实例；第五段讲科技在戏剧中扮演越来越重要的角色以及艺术家对人与科技关系的兴趣。所以，本文的结构是“总—分—总”的结构。故选A。 5．最佳标题题。全文围绕戏剧节展开，介绍了戏剧节的相关信息以及科技在戏剧中的应用，突出了戏剧的未来发展趋势，所以选项C“未来的戏剧”最能概括文章主题。故选C。 11 Record-setting high temperatures are dangerous for your health. Whether you’re in the middle of a heat wave or just trying to get through one hot day, you’ll need some ways to cool off and stay well. One of the most important is staying hydrated (含水的). “In the heat, everyone needs more water,” says Dr. Ashley Karpinos, a professor of medicine and sports medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, in Tennessee. And if you’re playing sports or exercising in hot weather, staying hydrated is even more important. One way to plan your water intake (摄取量) is to take your weight in pounds, divide that number in half, and drink that many ounces (盎司) every day. That’s according to Dr. Dana Cohen, who coauthored a book about the science behind hydration. Seems simple, right? Not so much. Hydration is complex (复杂的). Some people need more water than others. And sometimes, a glass of water isn’t even the best solution. The following tips from experts can help ensure you’re properly hydrated. Think beyond water. Water is typically the best thing you can drink when it’s hot outside. But other drinks can also do an excellent job keeping you hydrated. Cohen recommends coconut water. It contains natural electrolytes (电解质), which are minerals (矿物质) that help your body function. Some research suggests that milk might be hydrating, as well. Eat water-rich foods. “Eating foods with a high water content is a great way to stay hydrated in the heat,” Karpinos says. She recommends fruits and vegetables such as watermelon, cantaloupe, berries, peppers, lettuce and cucumbers. Hydrate before you feel thirsty. “One of the biggest mistakes people make is waiting until they feel thirsty before they drink water,” Karpinos says. By the time you feel thirsty, you’re already on the way to dehydration. If you’re an athlete, be more careful. According to Karpinos, it’s especially important for athletes to have a hydration plan in the heat. “The goal is to start exercise well-hydrated and maintain hydration during exercise,” she says. Athletes should also check for signs of dehydration when they’re doing exercise. 1．According to the author, which is the most important in hot weather? A．Exercise. B．Water. C．Minerals. D．Medicine. 2．What does the underlined word “dehydration” in Paragraph 7 mean? A．Being very tired. B．Being full of water. C．Being short of water. D．Being very healthy. 3．Which of the following is a good way to stay hydrated? A．Eating foods with low water content. B．Drinking coconut water when it’s hot outside. C．Drinking much water when you feel very thirsty. D．Avoiding taking exercise even if you are an athlete. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce some tips on how to stay hydrated in hot weather. B．To tell us that high temperatures are dangerous for our health. C．To show us how to plan the water intake every day in summer. D．To recommend some good foods that we can eat in hot weather. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 【解析】本文主要介绍了高温天气下如何科学补水以保障健康的方法。 1．细节理解题。根据“One of the most important is staying hydrated.”可知，最重要的事之一是保持含水状态，即水。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“By the time you feel thirsty, you’re already on the way to dehydration.”可知，当你感到口渴时，你已经处于缺水的状态，因此此处dehydration指缺水的状态，即Being short of water。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Cohen recommends coconut water. It contains natural electrolytes, which are minerals that help your body function.”可知，当外面很热时，可以喝椰子水。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章可知，本文主要围绕高温天如何保持含水状态展开，并给出了相应的保持身体含水状态的方法。故选A。   12 Science shows that helping others can make you feel good, too. The key is to find the way that works for you. There’s a Chinese saying that goes: If you want happiness for an hour, take a nap. If you want happiness for a day, go fishing. If you want happiness for a year, inherit a fortune (继承财产). If you want happiness for a lifetime, help somebody. For thousands of years, the greatest thinkers have suggested the same thing: Happiness is found in helping others. Scientific research provides compelling (有说服力的) data to support the idea that helping others may be the secret to living a life that is happier, healthier and more productive and meaningful. Giving can feel great. And as we learn early, it’s better to give than to receive. Plus, the more you give, the more you stand to gain purpose, meaning and happiness. Find your passion (热情). It’s not how much you give. It’s how much love you put into giving. You might care about one cause more than others, and that’s okay. Support the cause that feels right for you. Give your time. The gift of time is often more valuable to the receiver and more satisfying to the giver than the gift of money. We don’t all have the same amount of money, but we all have time. We can give some of this time to help others—whether a few hours each day, or a few days each year. Give to groups with clear goals (目标). Michael Norton, a professor at Harvard Business School in Massachusetts, says “giving to a group that specifies (说明) what they’re going to do with your money or service leads to more happiness.” Don’t forget about yourself. Psychologist Adam Grant advises giving to others, but keeping your personal and emotional (情感的) needs in mind. You matter too! 1．According to this passage, what may cause a person to get happiness for a lifetime? A．Taking a nap. B．Going fishing. C．Inheriting a fortune. D．Helping somebody. 2．According to Michael Norton, ________. A．the more you give, the more happiness you will have B．you should give your time to help others instead of money C．you should keep your personal and emotional needs in mind D．you should give your money or service to groups with clear goals 3．What’s the best title for this passage? A．Give Your Time B．A Chinese Saying C．Help Others, Help Yourself D．Keep Your Needs in Mind 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 【解析】本文主要论述了帮助他人可以带来幸福和满足感，并提供了如何有效帮助他人的建议，包括找到自己的热情所在、给予时间、捐赠给有明确目标的团体以及不要忘记关注自己的需求。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“If you want happiness for a lifetime, help somebody.”可知，帮助别人可以获得一生的幸福。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Michael Norton, a professor at Harvard Business School in Massachusetts, says ‘giving to a group that specifies what they’re going to do with your money or service leads to more happiness.’”可知，Michael Norton认为应该将钱或服务捐赠给有明确目标的团体。故选D。 3．最佳标题题。文章主要论述了帮助他人可以带来幸福和满足感，同时强调了关注自己需求的重要性，即帮助他人也是帮助自己。选项C“Help Others, Help Yourself”最符合文章主旨。故选C。 ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $