专题09 主旨大意题：战略瞭望者，俯瞰文本疆域（复习讲义）（湖南专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

该初中英语讲义聚焦中考阅读理解主旨大意题，覆盖文章大意、段落大意、标题归纳三大核心考点，构建“考情剖析-题型破解-优题训练”系统架构，通过考点梳理明确命题规律，方法指导提炼解题策略，真题训练突破干扰项陷阱，助力学生建立宏观阅读思维。 亮点在于“三维靶向突破”教学法，结合思维品质培养，设计“主题句定位”“标题代入验证”等活动，如通过蜜蜂对农业重要性的文本训练排除以偏概全选项，提升语言能力。分层练习与限时反馈机制保障复习效率，帮助学生高效提升概括能力，为教师提供精准复习路径。

专题09 阅读理解之主旨大意题 目录 01·考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02·时空导航·网络构建 3 03·题型通关·靶向突破 4 考点一 题型破解 4 一、题型特点 4 二、设问方式 4 三、选项规律 5 考点二 解题要点 6 一、文章大意题 6 二、段落大意题 9 三、标题归纳题 11 04·优题精选·练能提分 13 题型 考查形式 2025年 2024年 2023年 阅读理解之推理判断题 ☑选择题 □非选择题 湖南省卷31 长沙卷26 湖南省卷29 长沙卷31 长沙卷：35 怀化卷；株洲卷；衡阳卷；均有考察 考情分析 一、命题特点分析 1. 题型定位与权重：在阅读理解部分稳定考查。2025年考后分析指出，包括主旨大意题在内的深层理解题（推理、主旨、词义）比例有所提升，表明该题型的重要性在增加。 2. 选材与文本依托：文章选材严格围绕“人与自我、人与社会、人与自然”三大主题。文本多为结构清晰的记叙文、说明文或应用文。例如，2025年湖南真题阅读A篇为“学校社团招募”应用文，B篇为“社区问题解决”记叙文，C篇为“昆虫的工具”科普说明文。 3. 设题方式：题干提问直接，通常围绕 “主要思想”、“最佳标题”、“写作目的” 等核心概念。 4. 难度与干扰：难度中等偏高。干扰项设计极具迷惑性，主要呈现两种典型陷阱： 以偏概全：将文中某个细节或局部信息作为全文主旨。 过度拔高或偏离：选项内容脱离文本，过度引申或添加文中未体现的“深层意义” 二、命题思路总结 1. 立意核心：素养导向，强调概括与提炼。命题不仅仅满足于学生读懂故事，更要求他们能跳出细节，把握作者意图、文章脉络和核心价值。这直接对应英语学科核心素养中的“思维品质”要求。 2. 选材原则：价值引领与文化浸润。文章本身往往承载着积极的育人价值。命题通过选取贴近学生生活、反映社会关切、蕴含文化元素的语篇，引导学生在概括主旨的同时，自然而然地受到情感、态度和价值观的熏陶。例如，湖南真题中涉及社区互助、文化包容（如臭豆腐与榴莲的故事）、湖湘文化（如鸡叫城遗址）等主题。 3. 能力考查：结构分析与信息整合。题目要求学生具备分析语篇结构（如总分总、分总）的能力，能够准确定位主题句（常在首段、尾段或段首尾），并综合各段落要点进行归纳，而非简单复述。 4. 干扰设计：区分“细节”与“主旨”，“事实”与“观点”。如前所述，命题者通过设置“以偏概全”和“过度拔高”的选项，有效区分出那些只能理解字面信息，但缺乏整体概括和深度思考能力的学生。 命题预测 一、主题预测 1. “思辨与选择”类主题 考查核心：重点不是“发生了什么”，而是 “如何看待与抉择” 。文章可能呈现一个没有标准答案的开放式情境或争议性话题（如：人工智能创作的艺术算不算艺术？）。 命题意图：考查学生能否从复杂信息中，识别不同立场，并概括出文章讨论的核心矛盾或多元观点，而非简单支持一方。这要求学生能超越非黑即白的思维。 2. “科技伦理与社会影响”类主题 考查核心：超越对科技功能的介绍，深入探讨其带来的社会关系、伦理道德或生活方式上的深层影响。例如，算法推荐如何影响我们的认知，社交媒体对真实友谊的冲击，或人工智能对未来就业市场的重塑。 命题意图：引导学生关注技术发展的人文侧面，考查他们从现象描述中提炼核心议题与潜在担忧的能力。 3. “心理健康与自我管理”类主题 考查核心：主题从外在的“成长故事”转向内在的 “情绪管理与心理建设” 。文章可能探讨如何应对压力、管理愤怒、培养韧性、识别并避免“内耗”，或建立积极的自我对话。 命题意图：呼应时代对学生心理健康的关切，考查学生能否理解并概括出文本提供的心理机制、核心建议或构建的健康理念。 4. “财经素养与消费观念”类主题 考查核心：引入基础的财经视角，如理性消费、储蓄与规划的重要性、识别广告陷阱、理解“需求”与“想要”的区别，甚至是简单的公益捐赠或可持续消费理念。 命题意图：培养学生的现实生活素养，考查他们从具体事例或说明中，抽象出关于财务责任、批判性消费或资源管理的核心观点。 5. “传统智慧的现代表达”类主题 考查核心：区别于对传统节日、技艺的单纯介绍，此类主题聚焦于古典哲学、文学或智慧在现代生活中的应用与共鸣。例如，从“愚公移山”看目标坚持，从“庖丁解牛”谈钻研精神，或古诗词中的情感在现代的映射。 命题意图：考查更深层次的文化理解与迁移能力，要求学生能将传统典故与当代价值进行连接，并概括出文章阐述的古今共通的核心精神。 二、题型预测 文章大意题 段落大意题 标题归纳题 考点一 题型破解 一、题型特点 主旨大意题旨在考查学生理解语篇整体内容、概括中心思想和提炼文本主旨的宏观阅读能力。其特点鲜明： 1. 考查本质：宏观概括与归纳 该题型要求学生像摄影师一样，从“细节特写”拉回到“全景俯瞰”，超越对具体事实和局部信息的理解，把握文章的整体结构、作者的核心意图或事件的深层意义。答案具有概括性、抽象性和完整性。 2. 思维过程：综合、提炼与抽象 解题并非简单查找，而是一个主动的信息加工过程：需要综合各段落要点，区分主要信息与 次要细节（即“抓大放小”），最终提炼出一个能涵盖全文或全段的中心陈述。 3. 答案特征：覆盖全局的“最大公约数” 正确答案通常是能覆盖全文大部分内容或段落核心的概括性陈述。它必须具有足够的包容性，不能被文中的某个单一细节或例子所推翻，也不会是文中直接出现的原句（原句常为细节）。 4. 与它题的核心差异： VS 细节理解题：细节题问“点”（具体事实），主旨题问“面”（整体思想）。 VS 推理判断题：推理题问“弦外之音”（隐含信息），主旨题问“主旋律”（中心思想）。 二、设问方式 1. 针对全文主旨的直接提问 这是最常见类型，直接询问整篇文章的核心内容。 What is the main idea of the passage? What does the passage mainly talk about? The passage is mainly about ______. What is the author trying to tell us in the passage? 2. 针对段落大意的提问 要求概括指定段落的中心思想。 What is the main idea of the second paragraph? Paragraph 3 mainly tells us that ______. 3. 标题归纳题 要求为文章选择一个最恰当、最精炼的标题。 Which is the best title for the passage? What would be a good title for the text? 三、选项规律 干扰项类型 核心特征与命题逻辑 典型例子（以一篇关于“蜜蜂对农业重要性”的文章为例） 以偏概全 (最常见) 将文中某个生动的细节、例子或次要方面当作全文主旨。选项本身信息正确，但范围太窄，无法覆盖整体。 文章内容：介绍了蜜蜂授粉如何提高水果产量、增加农民收入、维持生态多样性，并提及一位果农的实例。 干扰项：The life of a fruit farmer. (一位果农的生活) 正解特征：The importance of bees to agriculture. (蜜蜂对农业的重要性) 过度拔高 (范围过大) 选项的概括范畴明显大于文章实际论述的范围，添加了文中未涉及的评价或深层意义。看似深刻，实无依据。 文章内容：同上，客观说明蜜蜂对农业的具体作用。 干扰项：How to save the environment. (如何拯救环境) 正解特征：同上，紧扣“农业”这一具体范畴。 话题偏离 (偷换对象) 选项涉及文中提到的某个相关概念，但偷换了核心论述对象。看似相关，实则跑题。 文章内容：同上，核心是“蜜蜂的作用”。 干扰项：The types of flowers bees like. (蜜蜂喜欢的花的种类) 正解特征：同上，核心是“作用”而非“习性”。 特征不符 (特殊题型) 主要针对标题归纳题。选项可能是一个事实细节，缺乏标题应有的概括性和吸引力；或是语言风格（如冗长、平淡）与标题不符。 文章内容：同上。 不当标题：A Report on Bees (一份关于蜜蜂的报告) —— 过于平淡、像公文。 恰当标题：Tiny Helpers, Big Impact: Bees and Our Food (小帮手，大影响：蜜蜂与我们的食物) —— 概括核心且吸引人。 考点二 解题要点 一、文章大意题 1. 解题步骤 文章大意题要求考生超越细节，把握全文核心。其解题是一个“整体阅读→结构分析→主旨提炼”的思维过程。 1. 第一步：通读全文，把握文体与结构 快速通读，判断文章是记叙文、说明文还是议论文。不同文体的主旨落脚点不同。 留意文章标题、开头段和结尾段，这里常直接或间接点明主旨。 概括各段落大意，理清文章是总分总、并列还是递进结构。 2. 第二步：提炼核心，抓大放小 忽略支撑主题的具体事例、数据、细节描写。 找出全文反复出现的关键词、核心概念及作者对其的核心论述或情感倾向。 用一句话概括：这篇文章主要关于 “谁/什么” 以及 “怎么样/为什么”。 3. 第三步：比对选项，验证排除 将你的概括与选项比对。 代入验证：假设该选项是主旨，反推文章是否应围绕其展开，检查覆盖度。 运用“解题原则”系统排除干扰项（如下表），选择概括最全面、最准确的选项。 2. 解题原则 原则名称 核心释义 与细节题等题型的关键差异 典型错误 / 干扰项特征 概括性原则 正确选项是对全文内容的抽象概括与归纳，而非事实罗列。答案通常不会是文中原句。 细节题：答案常为原文信息的同义转述。 文章大意题：答案是对原文信息的提炼与升华。 事实堆砌：将文中多个细节拼接起来，看似全面，实为拼凑，未进行概括。 覆盖性原则 正确选项的语义范围必须能覆盖全文绝大部分核心内容，是各段大意的“最大公约数”。 段落大意题：只覆盖某一特定段落。 文章大意题：必须覆盖全文整体。 以偏概全：将某个吸引人的细节、例子或某一段落的主旨当作全文主旨。 主旨 导向原则 正确选项应体现作者的核心意图、观点或结论（在议论文/记叙文中），或说明对象的核心特征/重要性（在说明文中）。 推理题：侧重推断隐含的深层信息。 文章大意题：侧重把握作者明确传达或文章明显展现的中心思想。 偏离主旨：选项涉及文中提到的某个边缘信息或次要话题，但并非文章主线。 文体匹配原 则 概括必须符合文章体裁的基本特点： 记叙文：关注情节结果与人物感悟。 说明文：抓住说明对象及其核心特征。 议论文：找准作者的核心论点。 此原则是文章大意题的独有分析维度，其他题型对文体依赖度较低。 文体误判：用概括说明文的方式去概括记叙文，导致重点偏离（如把故事概括成“介绍一个人”）。 【典例1-1】 There were actors performing Qinqiang Opera at the Tang Paradise on February 5th, 2023. Tang Paradise, located in the south of Xi'an, is a large cultural theme park showing the lifestyle of the Tang Dynasty. Qinqiang Opera, which came from the ancient folk songs and dances of the people in Shaanxi and Gansu province, is one of the longest-live forms of opera in China. According to historical records, the local opera dates all the way back to the Qin Dynasty (221BC-207BC). Qinqiang Opera is a reflection of ancient Chinese people's daily life and feelings. ……….. The revival of Qinqiang Opera was not only attracted more young actors and audiences but also reflected the country's cultural development. 1. The passage mainly talks about ____. A．the Tang Paradise B．Qinqiang Opera C．pop and Western music 【答案】B 【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段The revival of Qinqiang Opera was not only attracted more young actors and audiences but also reflected the country's cultural development.(秦腔的复兴不仅吸引了更多的年轻演员和观众，也反映了国家文化的发展。)结合下文，可知本文主要介绍了秦腔的历史与发展，故选B。 【迁移运用1-1】 In recent years, it has become popular for women to wear a traditional qipao dress. Especially during the National College Entrance Examination, better known as the gaokao, many mothers wear qipaos to wish their children good luck in the exam. The reason is that “qipao” represents the Chinese phrase “qi kai de sheng”, meaning victory. After years of development, the qipao is now mainly divided into Beijing styles, Shanghai styles and Hong Kong styles. ▲ . The Beijing-style qipao is more traditional than Shanghai-style and Hong Kong-style qipaos. The colors of Beijing-style qipaos are much brighter. High-quality Beijing-style qipaos are usually made by hand, so the price is much higher. Compared with Beijing-style qipaos, Shanghai-style ones are more forward-looking. More Western elements (元素) are used in the designs and colors. Shanghai-style qipaos became the most popular qipao style around the 1930s because of the fashionable design and slim (苗条) shape. Now, Shanghai-style qipaos are still the first choice for most women, especially among younger ones. Hong Kong-style qipaos have been influenced greatly by European fashions. They have shorter sleeves (袖子) than the other two. The decorations are simpler too. …….. 1. What’s the text mainly about? A．The development of qipaos. B．The different styles of qipaos. C．The cultural meaning of qipaos. 【迁移运用1-2】In late September, Earth got a new mini-moon. It is an asteroid (小行星) named 2024 PT5. Asteroids are small rocky objects that travel around the sun. Scientists found the asteroid in August. ……….. Temporary (短暂的) Mini-Moon NASA is the space agency for the United States. It considers any space object within 120 million miles of Earth a near-Earth object. Four telescopes scan (扫描) the whole night sky every 24 hours to look for these objects. “Earth can regularly capture (捕获) asteroids and pull them into orbit (轨道), making them mini-moons,” the scientists wrote. They shared their discovery in a scientific magazine in September. Another Visit Asteroid 2024 PT5 will travel around Earth again in 2025 and 2055. It likely came from the Arjuna asteroid belt (小行星带). This group of asteroids moves around the sun just like Earth. In general, asteroids have minerals and water that could be very useful for humans in the future. Humans can use these materials to make rocket fuel (燃料). 1. What is the article mainly about? A．Asteroid 2024 PT5 will return to Earth in 2055. B．NASA watches asteroids that come close to Earth. C．Scientists found an asteroid named 2024 PT5. 二、段落大意题 1. 解题步骤 解答此类题目，本质是完成一次针对段落内部的“结构解剖与主旨提取”。 第一步：定位段落，分析结构 仔细阅读指定段落。重点分析其首句、尾句以及第二句（首句后常跟解释或例证），判断段落是总分、分总还是并列结构，主题句常位于段首或段尾。 第二步：寻找或概括主题句 1. 直接定位：若段落有明显主题句（提出观点或概括的句子），直接确定其为核心。 2. 自行概括：若无明显主题句（如纯描述或叙事段），则需提炼全段反复出现的核心名词（对象）及对其的论述（动作或特征），用自己的话概括出“本段主要说明了……”。 第三步：比对选项，排除干扰 将你的概括与选项比对。运用原则，重点排除那些描述段落内某一细节、例子或次要信息的选项，选择能覆盖段落核心的概括。 2. 解题原则 段落大意题的解题原则强调“段内解决”，其干扰项特征与文章大意题有显著不同。 原则名称 核心释义 与文章大意题的关键差异 典型干扰项特征 段落边界原则 答案必须严格限定在指定段落的信息范围内。不能引入其他段落的内容，也不能推断出全文主旨。 文章大意题：需综合全文信息。 段落大意题：仅在本段内分析，具有封闭性。 内容跨界：选项涉及其他段落的内容，或看似是全文主旨。 主次区分原则 必须区分段落中的核心论述与支撑性细节（如例子、数据、描述）。主旨必须是核心论述。 两者都需区分主次，但段落题的细节干扰更直接、更具体。 细节干扰：选项是段落中某个生动、具体的细节或例子，但非核心。 概括适度原则 概括的广度必须与本段内容的范围精确匹配。既不能缩小（以偏概全），也无需扩大（过度概括）。 文章大意题：概括范围需覆盖多个段落，广度更大。 段落大意题：概括范围精准对应单一段落。 概括过窄：只概括了段落前半部分或后半部分。 概括过宽：将本段意义拔高到全文层次。 逻辑向心原则 段内各句子通常围绕一个中心逻辑展开（如提出观点-举例证明，或描述现象-分析原因）。主旨应能体现这个逻辑中心。 此原则是分析段落内部句子功能与逻辑联系的关键。 逻辑偏离：选项描述了事实，但未抓住段落句子共同服务的核心逻辑点。 【典例】…What’s more, the theme of the lantern can be chosen in different ways. “Anything that can be designed on a lantern can make a wonderful show, and everyone is encouraged to turn their ideas into real works,” said Zhang Fanglai, a leading researcher at the Colorful Lantern Museum of China. And the rich themes of Zigong lanterns show the spirit of creativity and warmth from the bottom of the local people’s heart. 1. According to the passage, what’s Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The rich themes of Zigong lanterns. B．The long history of Zigong lanterns. C．The excellent inheritors of Zigong lanterns. 【答案】A 【解析】主旨大意题。第三段主要阐述了自贡彩灯主题丰富多样，并鼓励人们将创意转化为现实作品，展现了当地人民的创造力和热情。故选A。 【迁移运用2-1】Mount Everest in the Himalayas is the highest mountain on Earth. The Great Barrier Reef along the northeast coast of Australia is the world’s largest coral reef. The Grand Canyon (峡谷) around the Colorado River in the United States is the largest canyon in the world. Victoria Falls is an amazing 100-metre-high waterfall in Africa, and its 1,700-metre width as well as its height is truly breathtaking. The Dead Sea is the Earth’s lowest point on land and its water is so salty that no fish or plants can live in it, giving it the name “Dead Sea”. Its salt concentration (浓度) is about 34%, nearly ten times that of ordinary seawater, which makes it easy for people to stay on the surface without sinking. Paricutin is perhaps the world’s youngest volcano (火山). It came out of a cornfield west of Mexico in 1943! In the first year it grew 336m high. Now it is 424m high. The northern lights are a natural phenomenon (现象) that appears on winter nights in certain areas. 1. What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A．It introduces the location of natural wonders around the world. B．It describes how the world’s youngest volcano came into being. C．It lists several famous natural wonders. 【迁移运用2-2】 Many old people think so. They say kind words and actions are good to everyone. When someone has good manners, it shows they care about other people’s feelings and want them to be comfortable. In other words, well-mannered people make the world a happier place. Manners also help keep everyone healthy, which is why people should cover their mouths when they cough and keep dirty feet off seats. 1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．We need to care about others. B．Good manners are very important. C．Well-mannered people make us happy. 三、标题归纳题 最佳标题题的解答，是“理解”与“评判”两个环节的结合。 第一步：确定文章主旨 这是所有工作的基础。运用文章大意题的解题方法，快速准确地把握全文的中心思想。明确文章的核心话题与作者意图。 第二步：分析标题特征，初筛选项 将各选项与你概括出的主旨进行比对，并依据“好标题”的标准进行初判： 1. 检查概括性：该选项是否能涵盖文章的主要内容？ 2. 检查吸引力：其表达是否简洁、醒目、有趣，能引发阅读兴趣？ 3. 排除明显干扰：直接排除那些明显是细节、范围过窄或表述冗长平淡的选项。 第三步：代入验证，优中选优 将剩余的备选标题“代入”情境思考：如果一篇文章用了这个标题，你认为它会写什么？这个想象的内容是否与刚刚读过的文章高度吻合？选择那个最贴切、最出色的选项。 2. 解题原则 原则名称 核心释义 与文章大意题的关键差异 典型干扰项特征 吸引力原则 好的标题应具有吸引读者、引发兴趣的功能。语言可以稍带文采、使用修辞（如比喻、对比、设问），或制造悬念。 文章大意题：正确选项追求准确、全面、中性的概括。 最佳标题题：正确选项在准确的基础上，还需具备吸引性和传播力。 平淡琐碎：选项是一个正确的概括，但像句子或报告名称，毫无吸引力，如“A Report on...”。 概括性原则 标题必须是文章主旨的最核心浓缩，能够覆盖全文的基本内容，不能是局部细节。 两者都强调整体性，但标题的概括要求更高度的凝练。 以偏概全：选项是文中一个精彩的故事片段或例子，但无法代表全文。 精炼性原则 标题在语言形式上通常短小精悍，多为名词性短语或简短问句，避免使用复杂从句或冗长陈述。 文章大意题：选项可以是一个完整的陈述句。 最佳标题题：优选短语式的简洁表达。 冗长复杂：选项本身意思正确，但表达啰嗦，像一个句子摘要，不符合标题格式。 匹配性原则 标题的风格需与文章体裁和基调匹配（如科普文标题可严谨新颖，故事标题可生动感人）。 这是一个独有维度，其他题型不考查文本风格与形式的匹配度。 风格违和：为一篇严肃的议论文选择一个幽默调侃的标题，或反之。 【典例】… What are insects (昆虫) like in your eyes? Have you ever noticed them? Insects are very interesting animals. They may be small, but they are smart and hard-working. Scientists have studied different kinds of insects very closely. According to their studies, even the smallest insects have tools to help do their work. ………. Ants are also known for their clever use of natural tools. For example, they drop pieces of leaves into water so that they take in the water. Then the ants carry them back to their nests. There are more insects than any other living things in the world. Every insect is special. The more you notice them, the more they will surprise you. 1. What can be the best title for the text? A. Insects and Tools B. Animals and Eggs C. Plants and Leaves 【答案】A 【解析】最佳标题题。全文主要介绍了昆虫如何使用工具，如锯蝇的锯子、罂粟蜂的挖巢工具以及蚂蚁利用树叶吸水等。因此最佳标题应为“昆虫与工具”。故选A。 【迁移运用3-1】The word opera comes from the Latin word opus, meaning “work”. It is a type of musical show that brings together music, singing, dance, acting, set design (布景设计), costumes, make-up, and even hairdressing. As such, it’s a team effort. Besides, opera also needs an audience to watch the show. Because of this, opera has always mirrored the society of its time. Opera has been around for over 400 years and its origins can be traced back to Florence, Italy, in the late 16th century. …….. In the late 1700s, opera entered the Classical Period (古典时期). …… The 1800s were the age of Romanticism (浪漫主义)…………... By the 1900s, opera, like other arts, entered the modern period.…………. 1. What is the best title for the passage? A．More Than a Show B．Opera: From the Past to the Future C．Art on the Stage 【迁移运用3-2】Whether it’s putting your elbows on the table or talking with a mouth full of food, everyone has to watch their manners at some time. Manners have developed over thousands of years and are always changing. Around 100 years ago, children weren’t allowed to speak unless parents spoke to them first. Now young people can make their voices heard in many places. Manners also mean different things in different countries. Eating food loudly is considered rude in some countries, but in others it’s a sign that people are enjoying their meal. What do you think? Are manners important? Many old people think so. They say kind words and actions are good to everyone. When someone has good manners, it shows they care about other people’s feelings and want them to be comfortable. In other words, well-mannered people make the world a happier place. Manners also help keep everyone healthy, which is why people should cover their mouths when they cough and keep dirty feet off seats. 1. What’s the best title for the passage? A．Different Opinions about Manners B．Manners in Different Countries C．The Disagreement between the Old and Young Passage 1 Time, is very important for us, so we all should value time. Today, I read two poems about time that I want to share with you. Here are the two poems: ① To know the value of one week, ask editors（编辑）of weekly newspapers. To know the value of one hour, ask lovers who are waiting to meet. To know the value of one minute, ask the person who missed the train. To know the value of one second, ask the one being saved in an accident. Time waits for no one. Treasure every second you have. Act now, day and night. Make progress more or less. Each day is a new life. ② Enjoy every second in your life. Once you get older, the days go by so fast. Seize time, don’t let it pass you by. Seize time, live as there is no second try. Nothing should stand on your way. Slow down time, get on your way. Time goes by, in a rush of days. Seize time, here and now. 1． Whom can you ask about the value of one second? A．The one who missed the train. B．The one who was saved in an accident. C．The one who waited for his or her lover. 2． How does the writer start the Poem ②? A．By giving an example. B．By giving an opinion. C．By telling a fact. 3． The underlined word “seize” probably means “________”. A．catch B．give C．protect 4． What is the main topic shared by both poems? A．The joy of spending time with family. B．The importance of setting goals and trying hard. C．The need to value and make the most of our time. Passage 2 “I don’t like my parents. They always tell me I should do this, and should not do that. It sometimes makes me angry,” said Zhang Hua, a middle school student in Beijing. Do you have the same problem? Why does it seem that some parents are not so friendly in their children’s eyes? One of the biggest things is when someone becomes a parent, he or she likes worrying about things. They worry about everything about you. They worry about your choice (选择) of friends, the food you eat, your work at school, how much sleep you get, etc. They want you to grow up healthily and happily. So how can you make things easier on yourself? It’s easier than you think. Just make sure your parents know what you’re doing. Get them to know your friends. Call them if you stay somewhere else or go back home late so that your parents don’t call everybody to look for you. Say sorry to them when you make mistakes. Take responsibility (责任) for what you did. Most of all, try to think about why your parents do this or do that. They are still practicing being parents and need help from you. Someday, when you become a parent, they may be able to help you get on with your children. 1．What’s Zhang Hua’s problem? A．She can’t get on well with her parents. B．Her parents are always angry with her. C．Her parents always tell her what to do or not to do. 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．How the children grow up healthily. B．What parents should do every day. C．What parents’ worries are? 3．What should you do if you have to go back home later than usual? A．Give your parents a call. B．Make your parents know your friends. C．Make little noise when returning home. 4．What can you learn from the passage? A．Parents seldom worry about their kids. B．Parents really care for their children almost all the time. C．Parents don’t need to learn how to take good care of kids. Passage 3 My brother Leo used to be quite a picky (挑剔的) eater. He only liked chicken and always refused to try new things. I wanted to change this, and the movie Yes Day came to my mind. Last December, as we prepared for a ski (滑雪) trip to Seattle, Leo and I made a deal. We’d say yes to everything, including new foods and experiences during our trip. We started saying yes before we even got on the plane. At a restaurant, I tried meatballs while Leo had noodles. Both of them were new foods for us. We both thought our new foods were “not bad”. On the first day, after we arrived at our hotel, I took Leo to meet a snowboarding teacher. I asked Leo to learn snowboarding and he didn’t say no. While he was in his lesson, I skied alone. The next day, Leo kept his word and faced his fear of heights to learn how to ride a chairlift. After that, I challenged myself to try rock climbing. I climbed up the rock wall very slowly because it was very steep (陡峭的) for me. My experience of rock climbing was not perfect, but I felt fulfilled for trying something new. Later that afternoon, Leo wanted to go into the outdoor hot tub (浴池). It was -6℃ outside. When I was thinking about not going outside, Leo reminded me of our promise. The weather outside was cold and wet. But the hot tub’s warm water was surprisingly comfortable. We had so much fun saying yes to everything that we tried. Pushing ourselves out of our comfort zone (舒适区) has helped us enrich our lives, even if we sometimes end up cold and wet. 1． Why did the writer make a “Yes Day” deal with Leo? A．Because Leo wasn’t good at skiing. B．Because the writer wanted to change Leo. C．Because the writer liked the movie Yes Day. 2．What does the underlined word “fulfilled” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Satisfied. B．Lonely. C．Afraid. 3．What do we know about the writer and Leo during the trip? A．They tried rock climbing but failed at last. B．They spent most time snowboarding together. C．They challenged themselves to try something new. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．A Ski Trip Full of Fun B．Finding Your Comfort Zone C．Saying Yes to New Experiences Passage 4 Did you know that vocabulary (词汇) is more important than grammar? If you have good vocabulary, you can communicate successfully, even if the grammar is not completely perfect. However, one common problem is learning new words and then forgetting them. So when you want to use a new word in a conversation, you can’t remember it at that moment. Does this often happen to you? The reason for this difficulty is that most students try to learn vocabulary by studying lists and dictionaries and remembering the words. But it may not work if you don’t have a very good memory. The best way to learn vocabulary and remember the words successfully is to learn new words and use them at once. You can do this with a very simple exercise. For example, every time you learn a new word, write it down in your vocabulary notebook. Writing is more active than just reading a definition (释义). You should write the word, the definition in English or translation, one example sentence from the article or dictionary and one example sentence that you create. Imagine you just learn the word “generous”, write in your vocabulary notebook: generous (adjective), definition—giving or willing to give freely. Example one, from the article: Thanks for paying for my dinner, you’re very generous. Example two, my example: My brother is generous because he volunteers at the animal shelter on weekends. It’s best if your example sentences are true to your life, because this creates a personal connection with the new word. The next day read your vocabulary notebook again and try to add one more example sentence using the new word. It’s helpful for you to remember it. These two simple steps—writing the word and using it at once—help you remember and use new words. Do you have a vocabulary notebook? If not, start now. 1． What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The new word. B．The conversation. C．The dictionary. 2． What’s the correct order of the following steps of learning vocabulary? ①Make your own example sentence. ②Write the word, its English definition or translation. ③Copy an example sentence from the article or dictionary. ④Read your notebook again and add one more example sentence. A．②③④① B．②③①④ C．③④②① 3． How can we make the best example sentences according to the passage? A．By asking friends for help. B．By explaining words’ definitions. C．By connecting them with our life. 4． What’s the best title for the passage? A．Tips for Translating Words. B．Advice on Using Grammar. C．Ways of Learning New Words. Passage 5 When my son, Mark, was in the third grade, he saved all his pocket money for over three months to buy holiday presents. The third Saturday in December Mark said he had made his list and had twenty dollars in his pocket. I drove him to a nearby supermarket. Mark picked up a hand basket and went in while I waited and watched in the car. It took Mark over 45 minutes to choose his presents. Finally, he came to the checkout counter (收银台) and reached into his pocket for his money. It was not there. There was a hole in his pocket, but no money. Mark stood there holding his basket, tears falling down his face. Then a surprising thing happened. A woman came up to Mark and took him in her arms. “You would help me a lot if you let me pay for you,” said the woman. “It would be the most wonderful gift you could give me. I only ask that one day you will pass it on. When you grow up, I would like you to find someone you can help. When you help others, I know you will feel as good about it as I do now.” Mark took the money, dried his tears and ran back to the checkout counter as fast as he could. That year we all enjoyed our gifts almost as much as Mark enjoyed giving them to us. I would like to say “thank you” to that very kind woman, and tell her that four years later, Mark went house to house collecting blankets (毯子) and clothes for the homeless people after the fire. And I want to promise her that Mark will never forget to keep passing it on. 1． When they got to the supermarket, Mark went in ________. A．with the writer B．by himself C．with the woman 2． What happened to Mark in the supermarket? A．His gifts were stolen. B．He broke his basket. C．He lost his money. 3． Why did the writer want to say “thank you” to the woman? A．Because she taught Mark to help people in need. B．Because she always paid money for others. C．Because she bought Mark a nice present. 4． What’s the best title for this passage? A．A Big Supermarket B．A Wonderful Gift C．A Kind Woman Passage 6 “Grandma”, a tiny game under just five minutes, unexpectedly became popular. Its 32-year-old creator Zhou Yichen was the most surprised. Unlike modern games, it has no voice acting (配音), complex plots (复杂情节) or exciting action. Players only need to care for a grandma who has fallen and got hurt. Players use the arrow keys(箭头键) to move around her house and simply answer “yes or no” questions: Will you sit with Grandma at the dinner table? Do you want to let her rest in bed? Each “yes” leads to a short, silent scene: Grandma slowly walking to the table or smiling in fresh air. And that’s it. No levels, no achievements. It’s just about taking care of Grandma over and over. But everyone who played it believed: “That’s why it is so touching.” For Zhou, this game is a personal way to remember his grandma. In spring 2024, his 95-year-old grandma fell at home. She lived through it, but never fully recovered. Zhou took care of her, feeling helpless as her health got worse. He then decided to “keep” her in pixels (像素). For a long time, the game was unfinished. Zhou designed the main plot but didn’t know how it should end. In September 2024, he dreamed of a bird carrying his grandma away. Weeks later, she passed away. Not long after that, he finished the ending: after putting Grandma to bed, the character dreams of that bird. When he wakes up, she is gone. Only the road outside the house remains, leading far away, with him walking alone. “The game doesn’t keep her alive,” Zhou said quietly, “but it can hold memories.” 1． What makes the game different from modern ones? A．It has exciting action scenes and many levels. B．It requires players to finish difficult tasks to win. C．It has no voice acting, complex plots or achievements. 2． What does the underlined word “recovered” probably mean in Paragraph 3? A．Felt lonely. B．Became healthy. C．Kept active. 3． What can we infer about Zhou Yichen’s feelings from the game’s ending? A．He gets sad and misses his grandma deeply. B．He takes pride in the popular ending of the game. C．He feels glad about his grandma’s new life in the game. 4． Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．A Warm Game About Memory and Love. B．A Complex Game About Family Connection. C．A Popular Game About Modern Elderly Care. Passage 7 Drinking a cup of milk tea with friends? That’s “city”. Visiting the Great Wall of China? Very “city”. Riding a bike down Shanghai's Anfu Road? Quite “city”. If you don’t get it, let me explain it to you. The popularity of “City bu city?” has risen on the Internet these days. You can use it to describe whether someone, or something is urban (都市的) and modern or not. “City bu city?” was first used by American blogger Paul Mike Ashton. He has lived in Shanghai with his sister for years. His name on the Internet is “Bao Bao Xiong”. He likes sharing travel experiences in China on Douyin and Xiaohongshu. Ashton became popular after he shared a video of him asking his sister “City bu city?” on the Great Wall. The word “city” itself has now taken on a new meaning as an adjective (形容词). Ashton himself says that it describes something that happens in the city, but it can also be “something that gives you a great love for life”. In recent years, a large number of foreign tourists like Ashton have been sharing their experiences of visiting China online. Topics about travelling in China are becoming more and more popular. Now people around the world can learn more about different places of modern China and Chinese way of life. And all of these are shown in a more emotional (感性的), friendly and natural way. 1． Who was the first person to use “city bu city” ? A．Paul Mike Ashton. B．Ashton’s sister. C．A Chinese blogger. 2． Which of the following can NOT be described as “city”? A．Enjoying milk tea with friends. B．Travelling around Changsha. C．Staying up late for homework. 3． What information can you learn from the passage? A．Few foreign tourists like sharing their experiences on online. B．More and more foreigners would like to travel in China. C．People can learn more about different places in ancient China. 4． What’s the main purpose (目的) of the passage? A．To introduce different ways of life around the world. B．To show Chinese people are emotional, friendly and natural. C．To explain the word “city” and why it gets popular. Passage 8 Have you seen cameras in malls or on the streets? They’re there to help keep us safe. However, if there are too many cameras or if they’re set up without permission (允许), they can be bad for our privacy (隐私). On April 1, 2025, China introduced new rules to better use these cameras. The rules make it clear who can install (安装) them and where they can be placed. According to the rules, only relevant (相关的) government departments and management units can set up public cameras. The rules don’t allow cameras in places like hotel rooms and changing rooms. So can we still install a camera at our front door? The answer is yes. Professor Liu Weijun from the People’s Public Security University of China told CCTV that the area in front of your house isn’t public, so you can use it for safety. However, it shouldn’t influence others’ privacy or safety. The new rules also explain how people can use the videos. They are only for legal (合法的) reasons, like solving crimes and emergency response (应急救援). For example, if a child goes missing, the family can watch the video after getting permission, Professor Che Hao from Peking University told People’s Daily. The rules also explain how to check camera use in our daily lives to protect privacy. Cameras in public areas must have clear signs. If you see a camera without a sign, you can report it to the police. 1．When did China introduce the new rules for camera use? A．On April 1, 2024． B．On April 1, 2025． C．On March 1, 2025． 2．According to the new rules, public cameras can be in ______. A．hotel rooms B．shopping malls C．private bedrooms 3．What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A．Using camera videos for solving crimes is legal. B．Videos from cameras can be used for anything. C．Emergency response doesn’t need camera videos. 4．What does the writer advise us to do in the last paragraph? A．Report the cameras in public places to the police. B．Pay no attention to cameras with no signs in public areas. C．Call the police when finding cameras with no signs in public areas. Passage 9 The traditional Chinese sachets (香包) are little bags used by the ancients to hold small objects at the very beginning. The wearing of sachets has a long and rich history. In the Shang Dynasty (朝代), young boys and girls wore them to show respect to their parents and elders. During the Spring and Autumn Period (时期), people put herbs (香草) into sachets to make their living environment cleaner. There are many kinds of pictures on Chinese traditional sachets. Each picture has a different meaning. For kids, common pictures are tigers, lions and other strong animals. That’s because parents want their children to be lively and healthy. But for elders, the best wish is to live long. So, pictures with cranes (鹤) are popular with them. Newly married couples or women often wear sachets with peaches or lotus flowers (莲花). It’s a wish for a happy marriage and good luck for the woman. In ancient times, sachets were also an important object for women to show their love. If a woman likes a man, she will make a sachet and give it to him to show her feelings. Ancient women didn’t often talk about their feelings openly. As their personal object, the sachet became one of the best ways to show love. In modern life, sachets are also very popular! People often hang them in their cars to make driving more enjoyable. They also put them in wardrobes (衣柜) to keep their clothes smelling fresh. Sometimes, people put them in the office to make it more relaxing. From ancient times to today, Chinese sachets have always been special. They carry culture, wishes, and warmth, and will keep being loved by people. 1． What did ancient people use sachets to do at first? A．To show respect to elders. B．To hold small objects. C．To make houses cleaner. 2． Which sachet did a 5-year-old kid most probably have according to the passage? A． B． C． 3． How did women in ancient times use sachets to show their love? A．By talking about their feelings openly. B．By buying new sachets for men. C．By making sachets themselves and giving them to men. 4． What does this passage mainly talk about? A．How to make Chinese Sachets. B．Different pictures on Chinese sachets. C．The culture of Chinese sachets. Passage 10 When Chen Yu, 36, holds a thin needle and threads it through silk cloth, creating lively peonies (牡丹) and flying cranes (仙鹤) in just hours, students and tourists gather around, amazed by the delicate craft. Chen has been practicing Hunan embroidery (湘绣) for 20 years. As a national intangible cultural heritage with a history of over 2,000 years, Hunan embroidery is famous for its bright colors and lifelike patterns. Unlike ordinary embroidery, it uses different stitching methods to show the texture of objects, making flowers look real and birds seem ready to fly. Every weekend, Chen sets up a stall at Changsha’s old street. He not only displays his works but also teaches visitors basic skills. Many local students and foreign guests are interested. Maria, an exchange student from Germany, tried it but found it hard to hold the thin needle and keep stitches even. She thought it was quite tricky. With Chen’s patient guidance, Maria finally finished a small embroidery piece with a bamboo pattern. “I’m shocked by the beauty of Hunan embroidery,” Maria said. “It’s not just a craft—it’s a part of Chinese culture. I want to learn more about it.” Hunan embroidery has been passed down in Chen’s family for three generations. His 10-year-old daughter often sits beside him, learning simple stitches, just like he did when he was young. “Hunan embroidery is a treasure of Hunan,” Chen said.“I hope more young people will love it and pass it on.” 1． When did Chen Yu start learning Hunan embroidery? A．At the age of 10. B．At the age of 16. C．At the age of 20. 2． What does the underlined word “tricky” mean in paragraph 3? A．Easy. B．Difficult. C．Boring. 3．What can we infer Maria will most probably do next? A．Learn more about Hunan embroidery. B．Open an embroidery store in Germany. C．Teach others to do Hunan embroidery. 4． Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The History of Hunan Embroidery B．Chen Yu: Passing on Hunan’s Embroidery Heritage C．How to Learn Hunan Embroidery 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题09 阅读理解之主旨大意题 目录 01·考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02·时空导航·网络构建 3 03·题型通关·靶向突破 4 考点一 题型破解 4 一、题型特点 4 二、设问方式 4 三、选项规律 5 考点二 解题要点 6 一、文章大意题 6 二、段落大意题 9 三、标题归纳题 12 04·优题精选·练能提分 14 题型 考查形式 2025年 2024年 2023年 阅读理解之推理判断题 ☑选择题 □非选择题 湖南省卷31 长沙卷26 湖南省卷29 长沙卷31 长沙卷：35 怀化卷；株洲卷；衡阳卷；均有考察 考情分析 一、命题特点分析 1. 题型定位与权重：在阅读理解部分稳定考查。2025年考后分析指出，包括主旨大意题在内的深层理解题（推理、主旨、词义）比例有所提升，表明该题型的重要性在增加。 2. 选材与文本依托：文章选材严格围绕“人与自我、人与社会、人与自然”三大主题。文本多为结构清晰的记叙文、说明文或应用文。例如，2025年湖南真题阅读A篇为“学校社团招募”应用文，B篇为“社区问题解决”记叙文，C篇为“昆虫的工具”科普说明文。 3. 设题方式：题干提问直接，通常围绕 “主要思想”、“最佳标题”、“写作目的” 等核心概念。 4. 难度与干扰：难度中等偏高。干扰项设计极具迷惑性，主要呈现两种典型陷阱： 以偏概全：将文中某个细节或局部信息作为全文主旨。 过度拔高或偏离：选项内容脱离文本，过度引申或添加文中未体现的“深层意义” 二、命题思路总结 1. 立意核心：素养导向，强调概括与提炼。命题不仅仅满足于学生读懂故事，更要求他们能跳出细节，把握作者意图、文章脉络和核心价值。这直接对应英语学科核心素养中的“思维品质”要求。 2. 选材原则：价值引领与文化浸润。文章本身往往承载着积极的育人价值。命题通过选取贴近学生生活、反映社会关切、蕴含文化元素的语篇，引导学生在概括主旨的同时，自然而然地受到情感、态度和价值观的熏陶。例如，湖南真题中涉及社区互助、文化包容（如臭豆腐与榴莲的故事）、湖湘文化（如鸡叫城遗址）等主题。 3. 能力考查：结构分析与信息整合。题目要求学生具备分析语篇结构（如总分总、分总）的能力，能够准确定位主题句（常在首段、尾段或段首尾），并综合各段落要点进行归纳，而非简单复述。 4. 干扰设计：区分“细节”与“主旨”，“事实”与“观点”。如前所述，命题者通过设置“以偏概全”和“过度拔高”的选项，有效区分出那些只能理解字面信息，但缺乏整体概括和深度思考能力的学生。 命题预测 一、主题预测 1. “思辨与选择”类主题 考查核心：重点不是“发生了什么”，而是 “如何看待与抉择” 。文章可能呈现一个没有标准答案的开放式情境或争议性话题（如：人工智能创作的艺术算不算艺术？）。 命题意图：考查学生能否从复杂信息中，识别不同立场，并概括出文章讨论的核心矛盾或多元观点，而非简单支持一方。这要求学生能超越非黑即白的思维。 2. “科技伦理与社会影响”类主题 考查核心：超越对科技功能的介绍，深入探讨其带来的社会关系、伦理道德或生活方式上的深层影响。例如，算法推荐如何影响我们的认知，社交媒体对真实友谊的冲击，或人工智能对未来就业市场的重塑。 命题意图：引导学生关注技术发展的人文侧面，考查他们从现象描述中提炼核心议题与潜在担忧的能力。 3. “心理健康与自我管理”类主题 考查核心：主题从外在的“成长故事”转向内在的 “情绪管理与心理建设” 。文章可能探讨如何应对压力、管理愤怒、培养韧性、识别并避免“内耗”，或建立积极的自我对话。 命题意图：呼应时代对学生心理健康的关切，考查学生能否理解并概括出文本提供的心理机制、核心建议或构建的健康理念。 4. “财经素养与消费观念”类主题 考查核心：引入基础的财经视角，如理性消费、储蓄与规划的重要性、识别广告陷阱、理解“需求”与“想要”的区别，甚至是简单的公益捐赠或可持续消费理念。 命题意图：培养学生的现实生活素养，考查他们从具体事例或说明中，抽象出关于财务责任、批判性消费或资源管理的核心观点。 5. “传统智慧的现代表达”类主题 考查核心：区别于对传统节日、技艺的单纯介绍，此类主题聚焦于古典哲学、文学或智慧在现代生活中的应用与共鸣。例如，从“愚公移山”看目标坚持，从“庖丁解牛”谈钻研精神，或古诗词中的情感在现代的映射。 命题意图：考查更深层次的文化理解与迁移能力，要求学生能将传统典故与当代价值进行连接，并概括出文章阐述的古今共通的核心精神。 二、题型预测 文章大意题 段落大意题 标题归纳题 考点一 题型破解 一、题型特点 主旨大意题旨在考查学生理解语篇整体内容、概括中心思想和提炼文本主旨的宏观阅读能力。其特点鲜明： 1. 考查本质：宏观概括与归纳 该题型要求学生像摄影师一样，从“细节特写”拉回到“全景俯瞰”，超越对具体事实和局部信息的理解，把握文章的整体结构、作者的核心意图或事件的深层意义。答案具有概括性、抽象性和完整性。 2. 思维过程：综合、提炼与抽象 解题并非简单查找，而是一个主动的信息加工过程：需要综合各段落要点，区分主要信息与 次要细节（即“抓大放小”），最终提炼出一个能涵盖全文或全段的中心陈述。 3. 答案特征：覆盖全局的“最大公约数” 正确答案通常是能覆盖全文大部分内容或段落核心的概括性陈述。它必须具有足够的包容性，不能被文中的某个单一细节或例子所推翻，也不会是文中直接出现的原句（原句常为细节）。 4. 与它题的核心差异： VS 细节理解题：细节题问“点”（具体事实），主旨题问“面”（整体思想）。 VS 推理判断题：推理题问“弦外之音”（隐含信息），主旨题问“主旋律”（中心思想）。 二、设问方式 1. 针对全文主旨的直接提问 这是最常见类型，直接询问整篇文章的核心内容。 What is the main idea of the passage? What does the passage mainly talk about? The passage is mainly about ______. What is the author trying to tell us in the passage? 2. 针对段落大意的提问 要求概括指定段落的中心思想。 What is the main idea of the second paragraph? Paragraph 3 mainly tells us that ______. 3. 标题归纳题 要求为文章选择一个最恰当、最精炼的标题。 Which is the best title for the passage? What would be a good title for the text? 三、选项规律 干扰项类型 核心特征与命题逻辑 典型例子（以一篇关于“蜜蜂对农业重要性”的文章为例） 以偏概全 (最常见) 将文中某个生动的细节、例子或次要方面当作全文主旨。选项本身信息正确，但范围太窄，无法覆盖整体。 文章内容：介绍了蜜蜂授粉如何提高水果产量、增加农民收入、维持生态多样性，并提及一位果农的实例。 干扰项：The life of a fruit farmer. (一位果农的生活) 正解特征：The importance of bees to agriculture. (蜜蜂对农业的重要性) 过度拔高 (范围过大) 选项的概括范畴明显大于文章实际论述的范围，添加了文中未涉及的评价或深层意义。看似深刻，实无依据。 文章内容：同上，客观说明蜜蜂对农业的具体作用。 干扰项：How to save the environment. (如何拯救环境) 正解特征：同上，紧扣“农业”这一具体范畴。 话题偏离 (偷换对象) 选项涉及文中提到的某个相关概念，但偷换了核心论述对象。看似相关，实则跑题。 文章内容：同上，核心是“蜜蜂的作用”。 干扰项：The types of flowers bees like. (蜜蜂喜欢的花的种类) 正解特征：同上，核心是“作用”而非“习性”。 特征不符 (特殊题型) 主要针对标题归纳题。选项可能是一个事实细节，缺乏标题应有的概括性和吸引力；或是语言风格（如冗长、平淡）与标题不符。 文章内容：同上。 不当标题：A Report on Bees (一份关于蜜蜂的报告) —— 过于平淡、像公文。 恰当标题：Tiny Helpers, Big Impact: Bees and Our Food (小帮手，大影响：蜜蜂与我们的食物) —— 概括核心且吸引人。 考点二 解题要点 一、文章大意题 1. 解题步骤 文章大意题要求考生超越细节，把握全文核心。其解题是一个“整体阅读→结构分析→主旨提炼”的思维过程。 1. 第一步：通读全文，把握文体与结构 快速通读，判断文章是记叙文、说明文还是议论文。不同文体的主旨落脚点不同。 留意文章标题、开头段和结尾段，这里常直接或间接点明主旨。 概括各段落大意，理清文章是总分总、并列还是递进结构。 2. 第二步：提炼核心，抓大放小 忽略支撑主题的具体事例、数据、细节描写。 找出全文反复出现的关键词、核心概念及作者对其的核心论述或情感倾向。 用一句话概括：这篇文章主要关于 “谁/什么” 以及 “怎么样/为什么”。 3. 第三步：比对选项，验证排除 将你的概括与选项比对。 代入验证：假设该选项是主旨，反推文章是否应围绕其展开，检查覆盖度。 运用“解题原则”系统排除干扰项（如下表），选择概括最全面、最准确的选项。 2. 解题原则 原则名称 核心释义 与细节题等题型的关键差异 典型错误 / 干扰项特征 概括性原则 正确选项是对全文内容的抽象概括与归纳，而非事实罗列。答案通常不会是文中原句。 细节题：答案常为原文信息的同义转述。 文章大意题：答案是对原文信息的提炼与升华。 事实堆砌：将文中多个细节拼接起来，看似全面，实为拼凑，未进行概括。 覆盖性原则 正确选项的语义范围必须能覆盖全文绝大部分核心内容，是各段大意的“最大公约数”。 段落大意题：只覆盖某一特定段落。 文章大意题：必须覆盖全文整体。 以偏概全：将某个吸引人的细节、例子或某一段落的主旨当作全文主旨。 主旨 导向原则 正确选项应体现作者的核心意图、观点或结论（在议论文/记叙文中），或说明对象的核心特征/重要性（在说明文中）。 推理题：侧重推断隐含的深层信息。 文章大意题：侧重把握作者明确传达或文章明显展现的中心思想。 偏离主旨：选项涉及文中提到的某个边缘信息或次要话题，但并非文章主线。 文体匹配原 则 概括必须符合文章体裁的基本特点： 记叙文：关注情节结果与人物感悟。 说明文：抓住说明对象及其核心特征。 议论文：找准作者的核心论点。 此原则是文章大意题的独有分析维度，其他题型对文体依赖度较低。 文体误判：用概括说明文的方式去概括记叙文，导致重点偏离（如把故事概括成“介绍一个人”）。 【典例1-1】 There were actors performing Qinqiang Opera at the Tang Paradise on February 5th, 2023. Tang Paradise, located in the south of Xi'an, is a large cultural theme park showing the lifestyle of the Tang Dynasty. Qinqiang Opera, which came from the ancient folk songs and dances of the people in Shaanxi and Gansu province, is one of the longest-live forms of opera in China. According to historical records, the local opera dates all the way back to the Qin Dynasty (221BC-207BC). Qinqiang Opera is a reflection of ancient Chinese people's daily life and feelings. ……….. The revival of Qinqiang Opera was not only attracted more young actors and audiences but also reflected the country's cultural development. 1. The passage mainly talks about ____. A．the Tang Paradise B．Qinqiang Opera C．pop and Western music 【答案】B 【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段The revival of Qinqiang Opera was not only attracted more young actors and audiences but also reflected the country's cultural development.(秦腔的复兴不仅吸引了更多的年轻演员和观众，也反映了国家文化的发展。)结合下文，可知本文主要介绍了秦腔的历史与发展，故选B。 【迁移运用1-1】 In recent years, it has become popular for women to wear a traditional qipao dress. Especially during the National College Entrance Examination, better known as the gaokao, many mothers wear qipaos to wish their children good luck in the exam. The reason is that “qipao” represents the Chinese phrase “qi kai de sheng”, meaning victory. After years of development, the qipao is now mainly divided into Beijing styles, Shanghai styles and Hong Kong styles. ▲ . The Beijing-style qipao is more traditional than Shanghai-style and Hong Kong-style qipaos. The colors of Beijing-style qipaos are much brighter. High-quality Beijing-style qipaos are usually made by hand, so the price is much higher. Compared with Beijing-style qipaos, Shanghai-style ones are more forward-looking. More Western elements (元素) are used in the designs and colors. Shanghai-style qipaos became the most popular qipao style around the 1930s because of the fashionable design and slim (苗条) shape. Now, Shanghai-style qipaos are still the first choice for most women, especially among younger ones. Hong Kong-style qipaos have been influenced greatly by European fashions. They have shorter sleeves (袖子) than the other two. The decorations are simpler too. …….. 1. What’s the text mainly about? A．The development of qipaos. B．The different styles of qipaos. C．The cultural meaning of qipaos. 【迁移运用1-2】In late September, Earth got a new mini-moon. It is an asteroid (小行星) named 2024 PT5. Asteroids are small rocky objects that travel around the sun. Scientists found the asteroid in August. ……….. Temporary (短暂的) Mini-Moon NASA is the space agency for the United States. It considers any space object within 120 million miles of Earth a near-Earth object. Four telescopes scan (扫描) the whole night sky every 24 hours to look for these objects. “Earth can regularly capture (捕获) asteroids and pull them into orbit (轨道), making them mini-moons,” the scientists wrote. They shared their discovery in a scientific magazine in September. Another Visit Asteroid 2024 PT5 will travel around Earth again in 2025 and 2055. It likely came from the Arjuna asteroid belt (小行星带). This group of asteroids moves around the sun just like Earth. In general, asteroids have minerals and water that could be very useful for humans in the future. Humans can use these materials to make rocket fuel (燃料). 1. What is the article mainly about? A．Asteroid 2024 PT5 will return to Earth in 2055. B．NASA watches asteroids that come close to Earth. C．Scientists found an asteroid named 2024 PT5. 二、段落大意题 1. 解题步骤 解答此类题目，本质是完成一次针对段落内部的“结构解剖与主旨提取”。 第一步：定位段落，分析结构 仔细阅读指定段落。重点分析其首句、尾句以及第二句（首句后常跟解释或例证），判断段落是总分、分总还是并列结构，主题句常位于段首或段尾。 第二步：寻找或概括主题句 1. 直接定位：若段落有明显主题句（提出观点或概括的句子），直接确定其为核心。 2. 自行概括：若无明显主题句（如纯描述或叙事段），则需提炼全段反复出现的核心名词（对象）及对其的论述（动作或特征），用自己的话概括出“本段主要说明了……”。 第三步：比对选项，排除干扰 将你的概括与选项比对。运用原则，重点排除那些描述段落内某一细节、例子或次要信息的选项，选择能覆盖段落核心的概括。 2. 解题原则 段落大意题的解题原则强调“段内解决”，其干扰项特征与文章大意题有显著不同。 原则名称 核心释义 与文章大意题的关键差异 典型干扰项特征 段落边界原则 答案必须严格限定在指定段落的信息范围内。不能引入其他段落的内容，也不能推断出全文主旨。 文章大意题：需综合全文信息。 段落大意题：仅在本段内分析，具有封闭性。 内容跨界：选项涉及其他段落的内容，或看似是全文主旨。 主次区分原则 必须区分段落中的核心论述与支撑性细节（如例子、数据、描述）。主旨必须是核心论述。 两者都需区分主次，但段落题的细节干扰更直接、更具体。 细节干扰：选项是段落中某个生动、具体的细节或例子，但非核心。 概括适度原则 概括的广度必须与本段内容的范围精确匹配。既不能缩小（以偏概全），也无需扩大（过度概括）。 文章大意题：概括范围需覆盖多个段落，广度更大。 段落大意题：概括范围精准对应单一段落。 概括过窄：只概括了段落前半部分或后半部分。 概括过宽：将本段意义拔高到全文层次。 逻辑向心原则 段内各句子通常围绕一个中心逻辑展开（如提出观点-举例证明，或描述现象-分析原因）。主旨应能体现这个逻辑中心。 此原则是分析段落内部句子功能与逻辑联系的关键。 逻辑偏离：选项描述了事实，但未抓住段落句子共同服务的核心逻辑点。 【典例】…What’s more, the theme of the lantern can be chosen in different ways. “Anything that can be designed on a lantern can make a wonderful show, and everyone is encouraged to turn their ideas into real works,” said Zhang Fanglai, a leading researcher at the Colorful Lantern Museum of China. And the rich themes of Zigong lanterns show the spirit of creativity and warmth from the bottom of the local people’s heart. 1. According to the passage, what’s Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The rich themes of Zigong lanterns. B．The long history of Zigong lanterns. C．The excellent inheritors of Zigong lanterns. 【答案】A 【解析】主旨大意题。第三段主要阐述了自贡彩灯主题丰富多样，并鼓励人们将创意转化为现实作品，展现了当地人民的创造力和热情。故选A。 【迁移运用2-1】Mount Everest in the Himalayas is the highest mountain on Earth. The Great Barrier Reef along the northeast coast of Australia is the world’s largest coral reef. The Grand Canyon (峡谷) around the Colorado River in the United States is the largest canyon in the world. Victoria Falls is an amazing 100-metre-high waterfall in Africa, and its 1,700-metre width as well as its height is truly breathtaking. The Dead Sea is the Earth’s lowest point on land and its water is so salty that no fish or plants can live in it, giving it the name “Dead Sea”. Its salt concentration (浓度) is about 34%, nearly ten times that of ordinary seawater, which makes it easy for people to stay on the surface without sinking. Paricutin is perhaps the world’s youngest volcano (火山). It came out of a cornfield west of Mexico in 1943! In the first year it grew 336m high. Now it is 424m high. The northern lights are a natural phenomenon (现象) that appears on winter nights in certain areas. 1. What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A．It introduces the location of natural wonders around the world. B．It describes how the world’s youngest volcano came into being. C．It lists several famous natural wonders. 【答案】C 【解析】主旨大意题。第二段依次介绍了珠穆朗玛峰、大堡礁、大峡谷、维多利亚瀑布、死海、帕里库廷火山和北极光等多处自然奇观。因此，本段主要是列举了几处著名的自然奇观。故选C。 【迁移运用2-2】 Many old people think so. They say kind words and actions are good to everyone. When someone has good manners, it shows they care about other people’s feelings and want them to be comfortable. In other words, well-mannered people make the world a happier place. Manners also help keep everyone healthy, which is why people should cover their mouths when they cough and keep dirty feet off seats. 1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．We need to care about others. B．Good manners are very important. C．Well-mannered people make us happy. 【答案】B 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Many old people think so. They say kind words and actions are good to everyone…In other words, well-mannered people make the world a happier place. Manners also help keep everyone healthy…”可知，本段主要讲述了礼仪对个人和社会的重要性，包括关心他人感受、使世界更美好以及保持健康等方面。因此，本段的主旨大意是礼仪非常重要。故选B。 三、标题归纳题 最佳标题题的解答，是“理解”与“评判”两个环节的结合。 第一步：确定文章主旨 这是所有工作的基础。运用文章大意题的解题方法，快速准确地把握全文的中心思想。明确文章的核心话题与作者意图。 第二步：分析标题特征，初筛选项 将各选项与你概括出的主旨进行比对，并依据“好标题”的标准进行初判： 1. 检查概括性：该选项是否能涵盖文章的主要内容？ 2. 检查吸引力：其表达是否简洁、醒目、有趣，能引发阅读兴趣？ 3. 排除明显干扰：直接排除那些明显是细节、范围过窄或表述冗长平淡的选项。 第三步：代入验证，优中选优 将剩余的备选标题“代入”情境思考：如果一篇文章用了这个标题，你认为它会写什么？这个想象的内容是否与刚刚读过的文章高度吻合？选择那个最贴切、最出色的选项。 2. 解题原则 原则名称 核心释义 与文章大意题的关键差异 典型干扰项特征 吸引力原则 好的标题应具有吸引读者、引发兴趣的功能。语言可以稍带文采、使用修辞（如比喻、对比、设问），或制造悬念。 文章大意题：正确选项追求准确、全面、中性的概括。 最佳标题题：正确选项在准确的基础上，还需具备吸引性和传播力。 平淡琐碎：选项是一个正确的概括，但像句子或报告名称，毫无吸引力，如“A Report on...”。 概括性原则 标题必须是文章主旨的最核心浓缩，能够覆盖全文的基本内容，不能是局部细节。 两者都强调整体性，但标题的概括要求更高度的凝练。 以偏概全：选项是文中一个精彩的故事片段或例子，但无法代表全文。 精炼性原则 标题在语言形式上通常短小精悍，多为名词性短语或简短问句，避免使用复杂从句或冗长陈述。 文章大意题：选项可以是一个完整的陈述句。 最佳标题题：优选短语式的简洁表达。 冗长复杂：选项本身意思正确，但表达啰嗦，像一个句子摘要，不符合标题格式。 匹配性原则 标题的风格需与文章体裁和基调匹配（如科普文标题可严谨新颖，故事标题可生动感人）。 这是一个独有维度，其他题型不考查文本风格与形式的匹配度。 风格违和：为一篇严肃的议论文选择一个幽默调侃的标题，或反之。 【典例】… What are insects (昆虫) like in your eyes? Have you ever noticed them? Insects are very interesting animals. They may be small, but they are smart and hard-working. Scientists have studied different kinds of insects very closely. According to their studies, even the smallest insects have tools to help do their work. ………. Ants are also known for their clever use of natural tools. For example, they drop pieces of leaves into water so that they take in the water. Then the ants carry them back to their nests. There are more insects than any other living things in the world. Every insect is special. The more you notice them, the more they will surprise you. 1. What can be the best title for the text? A. Insects and Tools B. Animals and Eggs C. Plants and Leaves 【答案】A 【解析】最佳标题题。全文主要介绍了昆虫如何使用工具，如锯蝇的锯子、罂粟蜂的挖巢工具以及蚂蚁利用树叶吸水等。因此最佳标题应为“昆虫与工具”。故选A。 【迁移运用3-1】The word opera comes from the Latin word opus, meaning “work”. It is a type of musical show that brings together music, singing, dance, acting, set design (布景设计), costumes, make-up, and even hairdressing. As such, it’s a team effort. Besides, opera also needs an audience to watch the show. Because of this, opera has always mirrored the society of its time. Opera has been around for over 400 years and its origins can be traced back to Florence, Italy, in the late 16th century. …….. In the late 1700s, opera entered the Classical Period (古典时期). …… The 1800s were the age of Romanticism (浪漫主义)…………... By the 1900s, opera, like other arts, entered the modern period.…………. 1. What is the best title for the passage? A．More Than a Show B．Opera: From the Past to the Future C．Art on the Stage 【答案】B 【解析】最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了歌剧的定义、起源，以及从16世纪至今的发展历程，还提及了技术发展为歌剧带来的新可能，B项符合。故选B。 【迁移运用3-2】Whether it’s putting your elbows on the table or talking with a mouth full of food, everyone has to watch their manners at some time. Manners have developed over thousands of years and are always changing. Around 100 years ago, children weren’t allowed to speak unless parents spoke to them first. Now young people can make their voices heard in many places. Manners also mean different things in different countries. Eating food loudly is considered rude in some countries, but in others it’s a sign that people are enjoying their meal. What do you think? Are manners important? Many old people think so. They say kind words and actions are good to everyone. When someone has good manners, it shows they care about other people’s feelings and want them to be comfortable. In other words, well-mannered people make the world a happier place. Manners also help keep everyone healthy, which is why people should cover their mouths when they cough and keep dirty feet off seats. 1. What’s the best title for the passage? A．Different Opinions about Manners B．Manners in Different Countries C．The Disagreement between the Old and Young 【答案】A 【解析】最佳标题题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要探讨了礼仪的重要性以及不同人对礼仪的看法。文章既提到了礼仪对个人和社会的重要性，也提到了一些人对礼仪的质疑和不同观点。因此，最佳标题应为“关于礼仪的不同看法”。故选A。 Passage 1 Time, is very important for us, so we all should value time. Today, I read two poems about time that I want to share with you. Here are the two poems: ① To know the value of one week, ask editors（编辑）of weekly newspapers. To know the value of one hour, ask lovers who are waiting to meet. To know the value of one minute, ask the person who missed the train. To know the value of one second, ask the one being saved in an accident. Time waits for no one. Treasure every second you have. Act now, day and night. Make progress more or less. Each day is a new life. ② Enjoy every second in your life. Once you get older, the days go by so fast. Seize time, don’t let it pass you by. Seize time, live as there is no second try. Nothing should stand on your way. Slow down time, get on your way. Time goes by, in a rush of days. Seize time, here and now. 1． Whom can you ask about the value of one second? A．The one who missed the train. B．The one who was saved in an accident. C．The one who waited for his or her lover. 2． How does the writer start the Poem ②? A．By giving an example. B．By giving an opinion. C．By telling a fact. 3． The underlined word “seize” probably means “________”. A．catch B．give C．protect 4． What is the main topic shared by both poems? A．The joy of spending time with family. B．The importance of setting goals and trying hard. C．The need to value and make the most of our time. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文通过两首诗告诉我们要珍惜时间。 1．细节理解题。根据表格中“To know the value of one second, ask the one being saved in an accident.”可知，要想知道一秒钟的价值，就去问在事故中被救的人。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“Enjoy every second in your life. Once you get older, the days go by so fast. Seize time, don’t let it pass you by.”可知，第2首诗是通过提出观点开始的。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“don’t let it pass you by.”可知，“Seize”的意思应该是抓住，故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文并根据第一段“Time, is very important for us, so we all should value time.”可知，两首诗的主题是我们需要珍惜和充分利用时间。故选C。 Passage 2 “I don’t like my parents. They always tell me I should do this, and should not do that. It sometimes makes me angry,” said Zhang Hua, a middle school student in Beijing. Do you have the same problem? Why does it seem that some parents are not so friendly in their children’s eyes? One of the biggest things is when someone becomes a parent, he or she likes worrying about things. They worry about everything about you. They worry about your choice (选择) of friends, the food you eat, your work at school, how much sleep you get, etc. They want you to grow up healthily and happily. So how can you make things easier on yourself? It’s easier than you think. Just make sure your parents know what you’re doing. Get them to know your friends. Call them if you stay somewhere else or go back home late so that your parents don’t call everybody to look for you. Say sorry to them when you make mistakes. Take responsibility (责任) for what you did. Most of all, try to think about why your parents do this or do that. They are still practicing being parents and need help from you. Someday, when you become a parent, they may be able to help you get on with your children. 1．What’s Zhang Hua’s problem? A．She can’t get on well with her parents. B．Her parents are always angry with her. C．Her parents always tell her what to do or not to do. 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．How the children grow up healthily. B．What parents should do every day. C．What parents’ worries are? 3．What should you do if you have to go back home later than usual? A．Give your parents a call. B．Make your parents know your friends. C．Make little noise when returning home. 4．What can you learn from the passage? A．Parents seldom worry about their kids. B．Parents really care for their children almost all the time. C．Parents don’t need to learn how to take good care of kids. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文以北京中学生张华的困惑为例，探讨了青少年与父母之间的常见矛盾——父母频繁的叮嘱让孩子感到不满，随后分析了父母过度关注背后的担忧与关爱，并给出了改善亲子关系的实用建议，引导孩子理解父母的用心。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“They always tell me I should do this, and should not do that.”可知，张华的问题在于父母总是告诉她应该做这个、不应该做那个。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段内容可知，先指出“父母喜欢担心事情”，随后具体列举了父母担忧的内容：朋友选择、饮食、学业、睡眠等，核心围绕“父母的担忧”展开。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Call them if you stay somewhere else or go back home late so that your parents don’t call everybody to look for you.”可知，若回家较晚，应给父母打电话告知，避免他们担心。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段“They worry about everything about you...They want you to grow up healthily and happily.”可知，父母的各种担忧本质上是对孩子的关爱，说明父母几乎一直都在关心孩子。故选B。 Passage 3 My brother Leo used to be quite a picky (挑剔的) eater. He only liked chicken and always refused to try new things. I wanted to change this, and the movie Yes Day came to my mind. Last December, as we prepared for a ski (滑雪) trip to Seattle, Leo and I made a deal. We’d say yes to everything, including new foods and experiences during our trip. We started saying yes before we even got on the plane. At a restaurant, I tried meatballs while Leo had noodles. Both of them were new foods for us. We both thought our new foods were “not bad”. On the first day, after we arrived at our hotel, I took Leo to meet a snowboarding teacher. I asked Leo to learn snowboarding and he didn’t say no. While he was in his lesson, I skied alone. The next day, Leo kept his word and faced his fear of heights to learn how to ride a chairlift. After that, I challenged myself to try rock climbing. I climbed up the rock wall very slowly because it was very steep (陡峭的) for me. My experience of rock climbing was not perfect, but I felt fulfilled for trying something new. Later that afternoon, Leo wanted to go into the outdoor hot tub (浴池). It was -6℃ outside. When I was thinking about not going outside, Leo reminded me of our promise. The weather outside was cold and wet. But the hot tub’s warm water was surprisingly comfortable. We had so much fun saying yes to everything that we tried. Pushing ourselves out of our comfort zone (舒适区) has helped us enrich our lives, even if we sometimes end up cold and wet. 1． Why did the writer make a “Yes Day” deal with Leo? A．Because Leo wasn’t good at skiing. B．Because the writer wanted to change Leo. C．Because the writer liked the movie Yes Day. 2．What does the underlined word “fulfilled” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Satisfied. B．Lonely. C．Afraid. 3．What do we know about the writer and Leo during the trip? A．They tried rock climbing but failed at last. B．They spent most time snowboarding together. C．They challenged themselves to try something new. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．A Ski Trip Full of Fun B．Finding Your Comfort Zone C．Saying Yes to New Experiences 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了作者为了改变弟弟Leo挑食的习惯，和他达成了“Yes Day”的约定，在旅行中尝试新事物，挑战自己，最终收获了快乐和成长的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“I wanted to change this, and the movie Yes Day came to my mind. Last December, as we prepared for a ski (滑雪) trip to Seattle, Leo and I made a deal.”可知，作者想改变Leo挑食的习惯，所以和Leo达成了“Yes Day”的约定。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“My experience of rock climbing was not perfect, but I felt fulfilled for trying something new.”可知，作者攀岩的经历并不完美，但因为尝试了新事物而感到某种情绪，结合选项可推测出“fulfilled”意为“满足的，满意的”，与“Satisfied”意思相符。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“We had so much fun saying yes to everything that we tried. Pushing ourselves out of our comfort zone (舒适区) has helped us enrich our lives, even if we sometimes end up cold and wet.”以及文章内容可知，作者和Leo在旅行中挑战自己，尝试了很多新事物。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者和Leo通过达成“Yes Day”的约定，在旅行中尝试新事物，挑战自己，从而丰富了生活的故事。因此，最佳标题应为“Saying Yes to New Experiences”（对新体验说“是”）。故选C。 Passage 4 Did you know that vocabulary (词汇) is more important than grammar? If you have good vocabulary, you can communicate successfully, even if the grammar is not completely perfect. However, one common problem is learning new words and then forgetting them. So when you want to use a new word in a conversation, you can’t remember it at that moment. Does this often happen to you? The reason for this difficulty is that most students try to learn vocabulary by studying lists and dictionaries and remembering the words. But it may not work if you don’t have a very good memory. The best way to learn vocabulary and remember the words successfully is to learn new words and use them at once. You can do this with a very simple exercise. For example, every time you learn a new word, write it down in your vocabulary notebook. Writing is more active than just reading a definition (释义). You should write the word, the definition in English or translation, one example sentence from the article or dictionary and one example sentence that you create. Imagine you just learn the word “generous”, write in your vocabulary notebook: generous (adjective), definition—giving or willing to give freely. Example one, from the article: Thanks for paying for my dinner, you’re very generous. Example two, my example: My brother is generous because he volunteers at the animal shelter on weekends. It’s best if your example sentences are true to your life, because this creates a personal connection with the new word. The next day read your vocabulary notebook again and try to add one more example sentence using the new word. It’s helpful for you to remember it. These two simple steps—writing the word and using it at once—help you remember and use new words. Do you have a vocabulary notebook? If not, start now. 1． What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The new word. B．The conversation. C．The dictionary. 2． What’s the correct order of the following steps of learning vocabulary? ①Make your own example sentence. ②Write the word, its English definition or translation. ③Copy an example sentence from the article or dictionary. ④Read your notebook again and add one more example sentence. A．②③④① B．②③①④ C．③④②① 3． How can we make the best example sentences according to the passage? A．By asking friends for help. B．By explaining words’ definitions. C．By connecting them with our life. 4． What’s the best title for the passage? A．Tips for Translating Words. B．Advice on Using Grammar. C．Ways of Learning New Words. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是说明文。主要阐述了词汇学习的重要性，指出了常见的词汇学习误区，并详细介绍了通过即时记录和运用来有效学习、记忆新词汇的方法。 1．词义猜测题。根据“one common problem is learning new words and then forgetting them. So when you want to use a new word in a conversation, you can't remember it at that moment”可知，此处“it”指代的是前文提到的“new word”，即想在对话中使用新单词时却记不起来。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“The best way to learn vocabulary ... You should write the word, the definition in English or translation, one example sentence from the article or dictionary and one example sentence that you create”以及“The next day read your vocabulary notebook again and try to add one more example sentence using the new word”可知，正确的步骤顺序为：先写下单词及其英文释义或翻译（②），再摘抄文章或词典中的例句（③），接着自己造一个例句（①），最后第二天重读笔记本并再添加一个例句（④）。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“It’s best if your example sentences are true to your life, because this creates a personal connection with the new word”可知，制作最佳例句的方法是将其与自己的生活联系起来。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。文章开篇强调词汇的重要性，接着指出记忆新单词的常见问题，随后重点介绍了有效学习和记忆新词汇的方法，整体围绕“学习新单词的方法”展开。故选C。 Passage 5 When my son, Mark, was in the third grade, he saved all his pocket money for over three months to buy holiday presents. The third Saturday in December Mark said he had made his list and had twenty dollars in his pocket. I drove him to a nearby supermarket. Mark picked up a hand basket and went in while I waited and watched in the car. It took Mark over 45 minutes to choose his presents. Finally, he came to the checkout counter (收银台) and reached into his pocket for his money. It was not there. There was a hole in his pocket, but no money. Mark stood there holding his basket, tears falling down his face. Then a surprising thing happened. A woman came up to Mark and took him in her arms. “You would help me a lot if you let me pay for you,” said the woman. “It would be the most wonderful gift you could give me. I only ask that one day you will pass it on. When you grow up, I would like you to find someone you can help. When you help others, I know you will feel as good about it as I do now.” Mark took the money, dried his tears and ran back to the checkout counter as fast as he could. That year we all enjoyed our gifts almost as much as Mark enjoyed giving them to us. I would like to say “thank you” to that very kind woman, and tell her that four years later, Mark went house to house collecting blankets (毯子) and clothes for the homeless people after the fire. And I want to promise her that Mark will never forget to keep passing it on. 1． When they got to the supermarket, Mark went in ________. A．with the writer B．by himself C．with the woman 2． What happened to Mark in the supermarket? A．His gifts were stolen. B．He broke his basket. C．He lost his money. 3． Why did the writer want to say “thank you” to the woman? A．Because she taught Mark to help people in need. B．Because she always paid money for others. C．Because she bought Mark a nice present. 4． What’s the best title for this passage? A．A Big Supermarket B．A Wonderful Gift C．A Kind Woman 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Mark攒零花钱买礼物时弄丢了钱，一位陌生女士帮他付款并希望他“把善意传递下去”；四年后Mark真的帮助了火灾中的无家可归者，体现了“善意传递”的温暖主题。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“I drove him to a nearby supermarket. Mark picked up a hand basket and went in while I waited and watched in the car.”可知，作者开车送Mark到超市，Mark拿了篮子进去，而作者在车里等；因此，Mark是独自进超市的。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“It was not there. There was a hole in his pocket, but no money.”可知，Mark弄丢了钱。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段女士的话“I only ask that one day you will pass it on... find someone you can help.”以及后文Mark帮助了火灾中的无家可归者，可知作者感谢女士是因为她教会Mark帮助有需要的人。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。根据第三段女士说“It would be the most wonderful gift you could give me.”，后来Mark帮助他人的行为也是这种“礼物”的延续；选项B“一份奇妙的礼物”既指女士给予的帮助，也指善意传递的美好，适合作为文章的标题。故选B。 Passage 6 “Grandma”, a tiny game under just five minutes, unexpectedly became popular. Its 32-year-old creator Zhou Yichen was the most surprised. Unlike modern games, it has no voice acting (配音), complex plots (复杂情节) or exciting action. Players only need to care for a grandma who has fallen and got hurt. Players use the arrow keys(箭头键) to move around her house and simply answer “yes or no” questions: Will you sit with Grandma at the dinner table? Do you want to let her rest in bed? Each “yes” leads to a short, silent scene: Grandma slowly walking to the table or smiling in fresh air. And that’s it. No levels, no achievements. It’s just about taking care of Grandma over and over. But everyone who played it believed: “That’s why it is so touching.” For Zhou, this game is a personal way to remember his grandma. In spring 2024, his 95-year-old grandma fell at home. She lived through it, but never fully recovered. Zhou took care of her, feeling helpless as her health got worse. He then decided to “keep” her in pixels (像素). For a long time, the game was unfinished. Zhou designed the main plot but didn’t know how it should end. In September 2024, he dreamed of a bird carrying his grandma away. Weeks later, she passed away. Not long after that, he finished the ending: after putting Grandma to bed, the character dreams of that bird. When he wakes up, she is gone. Only the road outside the house remains, leading far away, with him walking alone. “The game doesn’t keep her alive,” Zhou said quietly, “but it can hold memories.” 1． What makes the game different from modern ones? A．It has exciting action scenes and many levels. B．It requires players to finish difficult tasks to win. C．It has no voice acting, complex plots or achievements. 2． What does the underlined word “recovered” probably mean in Paragraph 3? A．Felt lonely. B．Became healthy. C．Kept active. 3． What can we infer about Zhou Yichen’s feelings from the game’s ending? A．He gets sad and misses his grandma deeply. B．He takes pride in the popular ending of the game. C．He feels glad about his grandma’s new life in the game. 4． Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．A Warm Game About Memory and Love. B．A Complex Game About Family Connection. C．A Popular Game About Modern Elderly Care. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述32岁创作者周依晨在奶奶离世后创作短游戏《奶奶》纪念她，游戏因传递记忆与爱意外走红。 1．细节理解题。根据“Unlike modern games, it has no voice acting (配音), complex plots (复杂情节) or exciting action…No levels, no achievements.”可知，该游戏无配音、复杂情节或成就，故选C。   2．词句猜测题。根据“In spring 2024, his 95-year-old grandma fell at home. She lived through it, but never fully recovered.”可知，奶奶摔倒后虽存活但未完全恢复健康，“recovered”意为“变得健康”，故选B。   3．推理判断题。根据“the ending: after putting Grandma to bed…she is gone. Only the road outside the house remains, leading far away, with him walking alone.”及周的话“it can hold memories”可推断，他因奶奶离世而悲伤思念，故选A。   4．最佳标题题。根据全文内容，尤其是“this game is a personal way to remember his grandma”及“The game doesn’t keep her alive, but it can hold memories” 可知，文章核心是这款游戏承载着创作者对奶奶的爱与回忆，选项A“一款关于记忆与爱的温馨游戏。”最符合，故选A。 Passage 7 Drinking a cup of milk tea with friends? That’s “city”. Visiting the Great Wall of China? Very “city”. Riding a bike down Shanghai's Anfu Road? Quite “city”. If you don’t get it, let me explain it to you. The popularity of “City bu city?” has risen on the Internet these days. You can use it to describe whether someone, or something is urban (都市的) and modern or not. “City bu city?” was first used by American blogger Paul Mike Ashton. He has lived in Shanghai with his sister for years. His name on the Internet is “Bao Bao Xiong”. He likes sharing travel experiences in China on Douyin and Xiaohongshu. Ashton became popular after he shared a video of him asking his sister “City bu city?” on the Great Wall. The word “city” itself has now taken on a new meaning as an adjective (形容词). Ashton himself says that it describes something that happens in the city, but it can also be “something that gives you a great love for life”. In recent years, a large number of foreign tourists like Ashton have been sharing their experiences of visiting China online. Topics about travelling in China are becoming more and more popular. Now people around the world can learn more about different places of modern China and Chinese way of life. And all of these are shown in a more emotional (感性的), friendly and natural way. 1． Who was the first person to use “city bu city” ? A．Paul Mike Ashton. B．Ashton’s sister. C．A Chinese blogger. 2． Which of the following can NOT be described as “city”? A．Enjoying milk tea with friends. B．Travelling around Changsha. C．Staying up late for homework. 3． What information can you learn from the passage? A．Few foreign tourists like sharing their experiences on online. B．More and more foreigners would like to travel in China. C．People can learn more about different places in ancient China. 4． What’s the main purpose (目的) of the passage? A．To introduce different ways of life around the world. B．To show Chinese people are emotional, friendly and natural. C．To explain the word “city” and why it gets popular. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“City bu city?”这个网络热词的来源以及含义。 1．细节理解题。根据“‘City bu city?’ was first used by American blogger Paul Mike Ashton.” 可知，“City bu city?” 最初是由美国博主Paul Mike Ashton 使用的，文中明确表述该短语的首创者是美国博主Paul Mike Ashton，故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“You can use it to describe whether someone, or something is urban and modern or not.” 可知“city”这个表述可用于形容某人或某事是否都市化、现代化，而“Staying up late for homework”这件事与都市化、现代化的特征不相关，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“In recent years, a large number of foreign tourists like Ashton have been sharing their experiences of visiting China online. Topics about travelling in China are becoming more and more popular.” 可知，近年来，许多像Ashton这样的外国游客一直在网上分享他们在中国旅游的经历，关于在中国旅游的话题也越来越受欢迎，这意味着越来越多的外国人愿意来中国旅游，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。文章先引出 “City bu city?” 这个表述在网络上的流行，接着介绍了其首创者以及它的含义，最后说明了近年来外国游客分享在中国旅游经历使得相关话题更受欢迎等情况，整体是围绕解释 “city” 这个词以及它为何流行展开的，选项C“解释“城市”这个词及其流行的原因。”符合文章主旨，故选C。 Passage 8 Have you seen cameras in malls or on the streets? They’re there to help keep us safe. However, if there are too many cameras or if they’re set up without permission (允许), they can be bad for our privacy (隐私). On April 1, 2025, China introduced new rules to better use these cameras. The rules make it clear who can install (安装) them and where they can be placed. According to the rules, only relevant (相关的) government departments and management units can set up public cameras. The rules don’t allow cameras in places like hotel rooms and changing rooms. So can we still install a camera at our front door? The answer is yes. Professor Liu Weijun from the People’s Public Security University of China told CCTV that the area in front of your house isn’t public, so you can use it for safety. However, it shouldn’t influence others’ privacy or safety. The new rules also explain how people can use the videos. They are only for legal (合法的) reasons, like solving crimes and emergency response (应急救援). For example, if a child goes missing, the family can watch the video after getting permission, Professor Che Hao from Peking University told People’s Daily. The rules also explain how to check camera use in our daily lives to protect privacy. Cameras in public areas must have clear signs. If you see a camera without a sign, you can report it to the police. 1．When did China introduce the new rules for camera use? A．On April 1, 2024． B．On April 1, 2025． C．On March 1, 2025． 2．According to the new rules, public cameras can be in ______. A．hotel rooms B．shopping malls C．private bedrooms 3．What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A．Using camera videos for solving crimes is legal. B．Videos from cameras can be used for anything. C．Emergency response doesn’t need camera videos. 4．What does the writer advise us to do in the last paragraph? A．Report the cameras in public places to the police. B．Pay no attention to cameras with no signs in public areas. C．Call the police when finding cameras with no signs in public areas. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国摄像头使用新规。 1．细节理解题。根据“On April 1, 2025, China introduced new rules to better use these cameras.”可知，中国在2025年4月1日出台了摄像头使用的新规定。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“The rules don’t allow cameras in places like hotel rooms and changing rooms.”可知，酒店房间不允许装摄像头；私人卧室属于私密空间，也不允许装摄像头；购物中心属于公共区域，可以装摄像头。故选B。 3．段落大意题。根据“They are only for legal (合法的) reasons, like solving crimes and emergency response (应急救援).”可知，为破案而使用摄像头视频是合法的。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“If you see a camera without a sign, you can report it to the police.”可知，发现公共区域无标识的摄像头时，应向警方举报。故选C。 Passage 9 The traditional Chinese sachets (香包) are little bags used by the ancients to hold small objects at the very beginning. The wearing of sachets has a long and rich history. In the Shang Dynasty (朝代), young boys and girls wore them to show respect to their parents and elders. During the Spring and Autumn Period (时期), people put herbs (香草) into sachets to make their living environment cleaner. There are many kinds of pictures on Chinese traditional sachets. Each picture has a different meaning. For kids, common pictures are tigers, lions and other strong animals. That’s because parents want their children to be lively and healthy. But for elders, the best wish is to live long. So, pictures with cranes (鹤) are popular with them. Newly married couples or women often wear sachets with peaches or lotus flowers (莲花). It’s a wish for a happy marriage and good luck for the woman. In ancient times, sachets were also an important object for women to show their love. If a woman likes a man, she will make a sachet and give it to him to show her feelings. Ancient women didn’t often talk about their feelings openly. As their personal object, the sachet became one of the best ways to show love. In modern life, sachets are also very popular! People often hang them in their cars to make driving more enjoyable. They also put them in wardrobes (衣柜) to keep their clothes smelling fresh. Sometimes, people put them in the office to make it more relaxing. From ancient times to today, Chinese sachets have always been special. They carry culture, wishes, and warmth, and will keep being loved by people. 1． What did ancient people use sachets to do at first? A．To show respect to elders. B．To hold small objects. C．To make houses cleaner. 2． Which sachet did a 5-year-old kid most probably have according to the passage? A． B． C． 3． How did women in ancient times use sachets to show their love? A．By talking about their feelings openly. B．By buying new sachets for men. C．By making sachets themselves and giving them to men. 4． What does this passage mainly talk about? A．How to make Chinese Sachets. B．Different pictures on Chinese sachets. C．The culture of Chinese sachets. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国香包的历史以及佩戴香包的规则及寓意。 1．细节理解题。根据“The traditional Chinese sachets (香包) are little bags used by the ancients to hold small objects at the very beginning.”可知，香包最初是用来盛放小物品的，故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“For kids, common pictures are tigers, lions and other strong animals.”可知，5岁的孩子最可能用带虎等猛兽图案的香包，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“If a woman likes a man, she will make a sachet and give it to him to show her feelings.”可知，古代女子会亲手制作并赠送香包表达爱意，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。读全文可知，文章主要介绍了香包的历史、图案寓意及在古今生活中的作用，属于对传统文化的介绍，故选C。 Passage 10 When Chen Yu, 36, holds a thin needle and threads it through silk cloth, creating lively peonies (牡丹) and flying cranes (仙鹤) in just hours, students and tourists gather around, amazed by the delicate craft. Chen has been practicing Hunan embroidery (湘绣) for 20 years. As a national intangible cultural heritage with a history of over 2,000 years, Hunan embroidery is famous for its bright colors and lifelike patterns. Unlike ordinary embroidery, it uses different stitching methods to show the texture of objects, making flowers look real and birds seem ready to fly. Every weekend, Chen sets up a stall at Changsha’s old street. He not only displays his works but also teaches visitors basic skills. Many local students and foreign guests are interested. Maria, an exchange student from Germany, tried it but found it hard to hold the thin needle and keep stitches even. She thought it was quite tricky. With Chen’s patient guidance, Maria finally finished a small embroidery piece with a bamboo pattern. “I’m shocked by the beauty of Hunan embroidery,” Maria said. “It’s not just a craft—it’s a part of Chinese culture. I want to learn more about it.” Hunan embroidery has been passed down in Chen’s family for three generations. His 10-year-old daughter often sits beside him, learning simple stitches, just like he did when he was young. “Hunan embroidery is a treasure of Hunan,” Chen said.“I hope more young people will love it and pass it on.” 1． When did Chen Yu start learning Hunan embroidery? A．At the age of 10. B．At the age of 16. C．At the age of 20. 2． What does the underlined word “tricky” mean in paragraph 3? A．Easy. B．Difficult. C．Boring. 3．What can we infer Maria will most probably do next? A．Learn more about Hunan embroidery. B．Open an embroidery store in Germany. C．Teach others to do Hunan embroidery. 4． Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The History of Hunan Embroidery B．Chen Yu: Passing on Hunan’s Embroidery Heritage C．How to Learn Hunan Embroidery 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是记叙文。主要讲述了 36 岁的陈宇传承湘绣这一国家级非物质文化遗产，通过摆摊展示、教授技艺让更多人了解湘绣的故事。     1．细节理解题。根据“Chen Yu, 36”和“Chen has been practicing Hunan embroidery for 20 years”可知，陈宇36岁，练习湘绣20年，36-20=16，因此他16岁开始学习湘绣。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“Maria, an exchange student from Germany, tried it but found it hard to hold the thin needle and keep stitches even.”可知，玛利亚尝试绣湘绣时，发现很难拿住细针且让针脚均匀，由此可推测“tricky”与“hard”意思相近，即“困难的”。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据玛利亚所说“I want to learn more about it.”可知，她明确表示想更多地了解湘绣，因此可推断她接下来最有可能进一步学习湘绣相关知识。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。文章围绕陈宇展开，讲述了他练习湘绣20年，通过摆摊展示、教授技艺传承湘绣，以及湘绣在他家三代传承的故事，核心是陈宇对湘绣遗产的传承。故选B。 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $