专题08 词句猜测题：密码破译员，解读语境密文（复习讲义）（湖南专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

该初中英语讲义聚焦中考阅读理解词句猜测题，覆盖词义猜测、代词指代、句意猜测三大核心考点，构建“考情剖析-题型破解-解题要点-优题精选”的系统复习框架，通过考点梳理明确命题规律，方法指导提炼解题步骤，真题训练强化语境分析能力，帮助学生突破超纲词猜测难点。 亮点在于“线索驱动+代入验证”教学策略，如引导学生通过定义解释、逻辑关系等语境线索推导词义，培养语言能力和思维品质。设计“典例精析+迁移运用”分层练习，配合5分钟线索识别限时训练，确保高效突破。既提升学生语境解码和逻辑推断的应考能力，又为教师提供精准复习节奏把控的实操方案。

专题08 阅读理解之词句猜测题 目录 01·考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02·时空导航·网络构建 4 03·题型通关·靶向突破 4 考点一 题型破解 5 一、题型特点 5 二、设问方式 5 三、选项规律 5 考点二 解题要点 7 一、词义猜测题 7 二、代词指代题 8 三、句意猜测题 10 04·优题精选·练能提分 12 题型 考查形式 2025年 2024年 2023年 阅读理解之推理判断题 ☑选择题 □非选择题 湖南省卷25 长沙卷25 湖南省卷29 长沙卷29 长沙卷：33 株洲卷；衡阳卷；永州卷均有考察 考情分析 一、命题特点分析 1. 考查定位：微观语篇能力，服务整体理解 · 能力层级：在语篇考查体系中，词义猜测属于微观层面的语言解码能力。它不要求死记硬背词汇，而是考查学生运用上下文“破译”信息的能力，旨在扫除阅读障碍，服务于对文章整体的准确理解。 · 湖南考情：在《湖南省2024年初中学业水平考试试卷结构》中，阅读理解部分共15题，分值30分。词义猜测题作为四种主要题型（细节、推理、主旨、词义）之一，在此框架内稳定考查。 2. 选词特点：紧扣“超纲”，重在语境 · 词汇来源：所考查的单词或短语通常超出《课程标准》的词汇表范围，属于“超纲词”。这直接排除了依靠机械记忆得分的可能，真正聚焦于“猜测”能力。 · 语境依赖：所有被考查词义都高度依赖其所在的特定上下文。同一个词在不同语境中，考查的可能是完全不同的含义。 3. 线索设计：隐蔽多样，综合性强 命题者不会设置真正的“死词”，而是在文中精心埋伏多种线索，引导考生推断。这些线索主要包括： · 定义解释：通过同位语、定语从句（that is, which means）、破折号、括号等，直接给出解释。 · 逻辑关系：利用并列（and）、转折（but）、因果（because, so）、举例（for example）等关系，暗示词义。 · 同义复现：在上下文用近义词或短语重新表述。 · 反义对比：通过“not A but B”、“unlike”、“while”等结构，用反义词提示含义。 · 生活常识与背景知识：结合普遍的生活经验或文章主题进行合理推测 二、命题思路总结 湖南地区中考词义猜测题的命题，体现了从“知识立意”向“能力立意”和“素养立意”的深刻转型，其核心思路可概括为 “以语境为基，以思维为径，以运用为的”。 1. 根本原则：语境化解码——这是最核心的思路。命题坚持 “词不离句，句不离篇” ，每一个正确选项都是特定语境的必然产物。它考查的不是词典中的“静态词义”，而是文本中的“动态词义”。这要求考生必须摒弃脱离上下文的“猜词”习惯，养成紧密依附文本进行分析的思维。 2. 核心导向：思维过程可视化与策略化——题目本身成为一个“思维测试仪”。正确选项对应一条清晰、合理的推导路径（如识别出定义句或对比关系）。而干扰项则通常对应典型的思维误区，例如： “望文生义”陷阱：根据词汇的局部构成（如词根、词缀或类似熟词）进行错误联想。 “脱离语境”陷阱：代入该词最常见、但与上下文逻辑冲突的含义。 “以偏概全”陷阱：只捕捉到部分语境线索，忽略了其他决定性的逻辑词或解释。 命题通过这种方式，旨在选拔出那些掌握了科学猜词策略（如寻找逻辑连词、分析句子结构）的学生。 3. 终极目标：考查可迁移的阅读微技能——词义猜测题的本质，是考查一种基础的、可迁移的阅读元技能。命题者关注的不是学生是否“认识”某个词，而是是否掌握了在陌生文本中自主克服词汇障碍的策略和方法。这种能力是学生进行课外拓展阅读和终身英语学习的基石，完美体现了核心素养中对“学习能力”的要求。 命题预测 一、主题预测 词义猜测题的选材将紧密围绕“人与自我、人与社会、人与自然”三大核心主题，并融入具有时代感的话题，使词汇猜测任务根植于真实、有意义的语境中。预计以下主题将成为考查热点： · 科技与生活：涉及人工智能应用、智能设备、环保技术、健康生活方式等话题的语篇。这类文本可能包含特定术语或常见词的科技引申义，如 “cloud”（云存储）、“stream”（流媒体）。 · 心理健康与成长：围绕情绪管理、压力应对、人际交往、自我认知等主题的记叙文或说明文。文中可能出现描述心理状态的抽象词汇或比喻性表达。 · 本土文化传承：介绍湖南地方文化、传统技艺、节日习俗、历史人物等内容的语篇。可能考查具有文化内涵的词汇或习语，如 “lion dance”（舞狮）、“embroidery”（刺绣）。 · 生态环保：关注碳中和、垃圾分类、濒危动物保护、气候变化等全球性议题的文本。可能涉及环保领域专有名词或术语，如 “carbon footprint”（碳足迹）。 二、题型预测 词义猜测题 代词指代题 句意猜测题 考点一 题型破解 一、题型特点 词句猜测题具有以下区别于其他阅读题型的鲜明特点： 1. 考查本质：语境化解码能力 其核心是考查学生利用上下文线索，在具体语境中动态推断“陌生”语言单位含义的能力。这要求学生扮演“语言侦探”的角色，进行现场分析和破译。 2. 答案来源：完全依赖上下文 正确答案无法通过词汇记忆或脱离语境的语法分析得出，必须严格依据该词句所处的微观语境（前后句的逻辑、语义关系）和宏观语境（段落主旨、文章基调）进行推导。 3. 思维过程：基于线索的逻辑推断 解题的关键在于识别并利用文中预设的各种线索，如同义解释、对比转折、举例说明、因果关联等，进行一步合理的逻辑推断。 4. 能力指向：核心的阅读微技能 掌握此题型对应的策略，是学生实现自主阅读、克服词汇障碍的基础性阅读微技能，直接服务于对文章整体的准确理解。 二、设问方式 根据猜测对象的不同，其设问方式可分为以下三类，题干关键词鲜明： 1. 词义猜测题——主要针对单词、短语或习语的含义提问。 The word “…” in Paragraph 2 probably means ______. What does the underlined word “…” mean? The phrase “…” could be replaced by ______. 2. 代词指代题——专门针对代词（it, they, this, which等）所指代的内容提问。 What does the word “it” in Line 5 refer to? The word “they” in the sentence refers to ______. 3. 句意猜测题——针对特定句子的深层含义、言外之意或修辞意图提问。 What does the sentence “…” imply? By saying “…”, the author means that ______. The underlined sentence suggests that ______. 三、选项规律 干扰项类型 核心特征与命题逻辑 典型例子与解析 教学提示与破解关键 脱离语境型 (脱离文本) 提供该单词最常见、最核心的“词典义”或字面义，但完全不符合该词在当下文章中的具体语境和用法。 原文：The news was a heavy blow to him.（这消息对他是个沉重的打击。） 干扰项：对…吹气 (取 “blow” 最常见的动词义) 正解：打击 (取其在具体语境中的抽象名词义) 关键提问：“这个意思放进原句里，逻辑和意思通顺吗？” 破解：牢记“词不离句”，坚决将选项代回原文验证。 望文生义型 (主观联想) 利用学生可能对单词部分拼写（词根、词缀）或发音的熟悉感，诱导其进行错误联想和主观猜测。 原文：He’s very inexperienced.（他非常缺乏经验。） 干扰项：经验丰富的 (错误联想 “in-” 和 “experience”) 正解：无经验的 关键提问：“你是根据单词‘长相’猜的，还是根据上下文线索推断的？” 破解：忽略孤立单词的“长相”，聚焦上下文提供的定义、举例、对比等线索。 逻辑颠倒型 (正反混淆) 选项词义与原文中通过逻辑关联词（如but, however, unlike）所暗示的语义关系完全相反。 原文：Most people agreed, but a few dissented.（大多数人同意，但少数人______。） 干扰项：热烈赞同 正解：不同意 关键提问：“原文中表示转折（but）、对比（unlike）或否定（not）的词，暗示了什么关系？” 破解：重点分析划线词所在句的逻辑结构，明确其语义倾向。 以偏概全型 (片面理解) 选项只反映了文中解释词义的部分线索或修饰信息，而遗漏或扭曲了最关键、最本质的定义核心。 原文：It’s not real; it’s just a very good imitation.（这不是真的，只是一个很好的______。） 干扰项：真品，宝石 (只看到 “very good” 或联想到 “diamond”) 正解：仿制品 关键提问：“你考虑全了划线词前后所有的限定信息吗？尤其是‘not’、‘just’这类词？” 破解：全面整合所有语境线索，定义句中的否定词和限定词往往是关键。 考点二 解题要点 一、词义猜测题 1. 解题步骤 词义猜测题的解题是一个典型的“定位线索-分析推导-验证匹配”过程，其核心是充当“语言侦探”，在上下文中寻找并解读线索。 第一步：定位线索，圈定范围 根据题干所问的单词或短语，在原文中精确定位到它所在的句子（核心定位句）。以该句为中心，向前后适当扩展1-2个句子，划定寻找线索的分析范围。这是所有分析的基础。 第二步：分析线索，推导词义 在划定的范围内，系统地寻找并分析所有可能提示词义的语境线索，这是解题的关键。主要线索类型包括： 1. 定义或解释线索：寻找 that is, meaning, in other words, 破折号、括号等直接给出解释的信号。 2. 逻辑关系线索：分析句子间的因果 (because, so)、转折 (but, however)、对比 (unlike, while)、举例 (for example) 等关系。 3. 同义或反义线索：注意上下文中出现的近义词、重述句，或通过 not, instead of 等引出的反义表达。 4. 常识与背景线索：结合文章主题、学生已有的生活经验和背景知识进行合理推测。 第三步：代入验证，匹配选项 将你根据线索推导出的初步词义，逐一代入原文，替换掉被猜测的词。检查替换后，句子是否逻辑通顺、语义连贯，且与文章整体基调一致。最后，选择与此验证结果最匹配的选项。 2. 解题原则 原则名称 核心释义 与细节/推理题的核心差异 语境决定原则 词义猜测题的唯一最高原则。单词的含义完全且唯一地由其所处的上下文决定，脱离语境则答案无意义。 细节题答案在原文中明确存在；推理题答案基于原文延伸；词义题答案需通过语境即时生成。 线索支撑原则 任何合理的猜测都必须有来自原文的一个或多个明确的线索作为依据。猜测不是主观臆断，而是基于文本证据的客观推导。 强调对微观语言信号（逻辑连词、标点、解释性语言）的敏感度，而非宏观信息整合或逻辑延伸。 代入验证原则 判断选项正确与否的最终检验标准是将选项含义代入原文，看是否“天衣无缝”。通顺、合理、合乎逻辑的选项才是正确答案。 这是一个独特的、必不可少的步骤，是区别强干扰项的最后一道关卡，其他题型通常无需此步。 避熟就生原则 当被猜测词是熟词时，正确答案往往是其较不常见或符合语境的特殊含义（熟词生义），而非最常用的意思。 直接对抗学生根据“第一反应”或“最常见意思”进行选择的惯性思维，是重要失分点。 【典例1-1】Costa has "updated" the musical work to make it match the realities of the modern world. The ‘"updated" musical work has been played in Madrid, Spain. The performance takes place in front of a screen. As the musicians play, a video shows the effects (影响) of climate change, such as forest fires and unusually dry weather. 1．Which is close to the underlined word "updated" in meaning in Paragraph 4? A．提上日程 B．追根溯源 C．赋予新意 【答案】C 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段Costa has "updated" the musical work to make it match the realities of the modern world.可知，Costa重新创作了这部音乐作品，使其符合现代世界的现实， 这是给这部音乐作品"赋予新意"，故选C。 【迁移运用1-1】Wang Min, a mother of a 14-year-old boy, thinks playtime needs supervision. She explains, “People usually say I like to control my kid, but that’s not true. I am just worried that he will get into trouble. Some guys may have a bad influence on him and some games may mislead (误导) him. He might even get indulged in the games and can’t get back to real life.” 1. What do the underlined words “get indulged in” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Get lost in. B．Get interested in. C．Be tired of. 【迁移运用1-2】…Hours later, Andy finally decided to go to bed but what a surprise when he entered his bedroom! Tubby was sleeping in his bed. Andy tried to shift the cat. But there was no way to shift him. That night he hardly slept, being pushed over into one small corner of his bed. 1. What does the underlined word “shift” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Catch. B．Wake. C．Move. 二、代词指代题 1. 解题步骤 代词指代题的解题过程遵循一个清晰的“定位→分析→验证”路径，核心是向前寻找并确认一个在语法和逻辑上都唯一匹配的对象。 1. 第一步：精确定位，确定搜索方向 在原文中圈出题干所问的代词（如 it, they, this, which）。 牢记向前搜索原则，将寻找范围锁定在该代词之前的文句。 2. 第二步：向前搜索，筛选候选对象 就近寻找：从该代词前最近的名词、名词短语或完整的句子意思开始排查。 双重检验：用以下两个标准检验候选对象是否成立： 语法一致：候选对象的单复数与代词形式必须匹配。 逻辑合理：将候选对象代入原文，句意和上下文逻辑必须通顺、合理。 3. 第三步：代入验证，锁定最终答案 将筛选出的指代内容直接代入原句，替换掉该代词。 通读检查，确保替换后的句子语法正确、意思完整、与上下文无缝衔接。这是解题的最终和决定性步骤。 2. 解题原则 原则名称 核心释义 教学提示与典型错误 向前指代原则 绝大多数代词（it, they, this, that, these, which等）都指代上文中已出现的信息，解题时必须向前搜索。 错误示例：向后文寻找指代内容。需向学生强调，指代是“承前”而非“启后”。 一致性原则 指代关系必须在语法形式（单复数、人称）和逻辑意义上同时成立。 教学提示：引导学生进行“双重检验”。单复数不一致（如用it指代复数名词）是最易发现的错误。 位置就近与逻辑优先结合原则 首先运用“位置就近”初步定位，但最终必须以“逻辑优先”为准。当最近的名词在逻辑上无法说通时，需扩大范围，寻找更合理的意群或概念。 典型情况：this或that常指代前面整个句子或一组观点，而非最近的一个单词。例如：“The sky turned dark and wind blew strongly. This made everyone hurry home.” 此处的This指代前句描述的整个天气变化情况。 【典例】…Susan, 11 Kids don't need homework. They're learning for six hours a day at school. Adding another hour of work for kids to do at home is just having them repeat what they've been doing all day. Besides, homework takes time away from activities like team sports. These are just as important as schoolwork, because they keep kids active. 1. What does "These" refer to（指代）in the last paragrapgh? A．Kids. B．Subjects. C．Activities like team sports. 【答案】C 【解析】代词指代题。根据最后一段Besides，homework takes time away from activities like team sports. These are just as important as schoolwork，because they keep kids active.（除此之外，家庭作业还会占用孩子们参加团体运动的时间，这些和家庭作业一样重要，因为家庭作业可以让孩子们保持活跃。）可知these指代上文中的activities like team sports，故选：C。 【迁移运用2-1】In the study, people with spider phobia went through a single two-hour “exposure therapy (暴露疗法)”, and they learned that the spider wasn’t as fearful as they thought. During the two-hour therapy, the participants (参与者) first used a paintbrush to touch the live spider, then they used a gloved hand, and finally they touched it with their bare hands. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The study. B．The spider. C．The therapy. 【迁移运用2-2】 Engineer Zhu said the greatest challenge was to make sure “zero mistake in daily operations” during the five-month task. “This requires us to learn to solve problems quickly and successfully,” Zhu said. “We must know the space station very well and have professional knowledge. The most important part, in fact, was the power of our team. We checked and reminded each other repeatedly of every important task to make sure it had no mistake.” 1. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The space station. B．The important task. C．The greatest challenge. 三、句意猜测题 句意猜测题要求理解一个句子（常含修辞、引申或总结）在文中的深层含义。解题需从表层走向深层，步骤如下： 1. 第一步：定位句子，理解字面 在原文中找到题干所问的句子并划出。 首先理解其字面意思和句子本身的基本结构。 2. 第二步：分析语境，推断深意 这是关键步骤。向前后扩展阅读，分析该句子与上下文的逻辑关系（如：是前文的原因、结果、例证、转折还是总结？）。 识别句子中是否有比喻、反语、夸张等修辞手法。如果有，则其真实含义往往不是字面意思。 结合该句子所在段落的主旨乃至文章的整体基调进行综合推断。 3. 第三步：匹配验证，确定答案 将你的推断与选项进行匹配。 将你认为正确的选项含义代入原文，检查是否能使上下文逻辑连贯、语义通顺，且与文章主旨一致。 2. 解题原则 原则名称 核心释义 教学提示与常见陷阱 语境核心原则 句子的真实含义完全由其所在的上下文语境决定。脱离语境的理解通常是错误的。 教学提示：强调“句不离段”。必须引导学生到该句的前后文中寻找理解的钥匙。 常见陷阱：选择符合常识但与本文特定语境无关的选项。 逻辑关系原则 必须明确该句在文中承担的逻辑功能（如总结前文、引出下文、对比转折）。功能决定其解读方向。 教学提示：训练学生识别“Therefore,” “However,” “For example”等路标词，并分析句子间的逻辑。 常见陷阱：忽略句子与上下文的逻辑联系，进行孤立解读。 主旨关联原则 句子的深层含义，尤其是概括性或议论性句子，必须与段落或文章的中心思想相关联、相呼应。 教学提示：引导学生自问：“作者在这里说这句话，是为了支持什么核心观点？” 常见陷阱：推断出的句意与全文主旨发生偏离或矛盾。 功能分析原则 对于使用修辞的句子，应分析其修辞功能（是为了形象化、强调、讽刺还是缓和语气？），功能指向其意图。 教学提示：重点讲解如何识别常见修辞（如明喻、暗喻），并练习将形象化语言“翻译”为平实的陈述。 常见陷阱：对修辞句进行字面直译，不理解其象征或隐含意义。 【典例】…You can find differences in old Chinese poems. I live in Hangzhou, a southern city. China’s poets like Su Shi once wrote about the West Lake here. Hangzhou is warm and wet, with beautiful lake scenery (风景). But if you read poems about the north, you’ll find that “In boundless desert lonely smoke rises straight”. Quite different scenes (场景), aren’t they? 1. Which of the following best explain the meaning of the underlined sentence? A．大漠孤烟直 B．大漠沙如雪 C．日夜奔腾大漠烟 【答案】A 【解析】词句猜测题。boundless desert“无垠的沙漠”，lonely“孤独的”，smoke“烟”，rises straight“径直上升”，句意对应王维的诗句“大漠孤烟直”。故选A。 【迁移运用3-1】Well, Peter won the first prize in a competition which was organized by a radio station days ago. So he was allowed to enter the City Bank and take as much money as he could within (在……以内) five minutes. However, he wasn’t allowed to bring any bag or box into the bank. He had to put the money only into his pockets. When the time was up, he was out of breath but had 5,000 dollars in his pockets. 1. The underlined sentence “He had to put the money only into his pockets.” probably means “________”. A．his pockets were bigger than other things B．he was allowed to use only his pockets to take the money C．he forgot to bring something else to take the money 【迁移运用3-2】Daniel: You just did your best at school, but now you are feeling bad because of it. Maybe your friend is envious (嫉妒的). Or maybe his parents compare him to you, which makes him feel upset. Or maybe it’s you. Perhaps, when you talk about your grades, you sound snobbish. 1．What do the underlined words “you sound snobbish” mean? A．You worry about your marks. B．You make fun of your friend. C．You are pleased with yourself. Passage 1 Long ago, the early people did not live in houses as we do today. Most of the homes were in caves (洞穴) or shelters which were built in trees. These “homes” were only used as temporary (临时的) shelters to protect them from the sun, the rain and the wild animals in the forests. Men of that time were called “cave people”. These “cave people” usually lived in small groups and life was not easy for them. They had to move from place to place to search for food. They would hunt, fish or pick wild fruit. When they couldn’t find anything to eat, they would leave to find another proper place. Their tools were very simple. They ate uncooked food until they learnt how to make a fire. For clothing, they used only the tree leaves or the skins (皮) of animals to cover their bodies. However, the life of the “cave people” changed. They collected the seeds (种子) of wild plants that grew in the forests. Soon they learnt to plant fruit, vegetables and other crops. They also kept cows, sheep and other kinds of farm animals for milk, meat and skins. They became farmers and lived in only one certain area. Their groups became larger than before as they seldom changed their living places. They built houses as long-lasting homes, and as a result, villages and towns developed quickly. The “cave people” began to be civilized (文明的). 1． How does the writer begin this passage? A．By listing numbers. B．By offering suggestions. C．By comparing differences. 2． What does the underlined word “shelters” mean? A．遮蔽物 B．警示物 C．危险物 3． Why did the “cave people” have to move from place to place? A．To make a fire. B．To search for food. C．To help more people. 4． What’s the best title of the passage? A．Cave People’s Journey to Be Civilized. B．Changes in Human Housing Over Time. C．The Importance of Fire in Early Human History. Passage 2 My family lived in a tiny house. My father was a postman, and he often worked twelve hours a day outside in the winter cold or in the summer heat. My mum was a farm girl before she met my father. She was a kind and loving mother. She didn’t go out to work. There were five children in my family, and looking after us was a difficult job. The food we ate was simple. We could only eat meat once or twice a year. I wasn’t sent to school when I was young because my family couldn’t pay for it. But now, families have got smaller than they were in the past. The role of women has changed too. My daughter is really lucky. She has a good education. I’m happy that she can go to work even after getting married, but sometimes I feel lonely because she can’t come to see me often. Transport (交通) and travel are much easier today. When I was young, I went everywhere on foot or sometimes by bike. Now you can take a bus, the subway or a plane to travel. What I don’t like is that there’s so much more traffic. It’s so difficult to cross the road. And, of course, we have televisions today and I really enjoy watching TV. Generally, I think life is better today. We eat better and we live longer. 1． What does the writer think of her mother? A．Kind and worried. B．Kind and strict. C．Kind and loving 2． Why couldn’t the writer go to school when she was young? A．Because her parents didn’t want her to go to school. B．Because her family didn’t have much money. C．Because she thought going to school was meaningless. 3． The underlined word “traffic” means “_________” in Chinese. A．拥堵 B．便利 C．安全 4． What’s the best title for the passage? A．Today’s Transport B．How Life has Changed C．Life in the Past Passage 3 Recently, an article titled “Chinese Characters Whose Pronunciations Have Changed” has caused heated discussions online. It’s said that some pronunciations, which were considered to have been misread before, are right now. They even include the characters in some famous sentences from ancient poems. One example is by Du Mu from the Tang Dynasty “Up a long path amid the rocks I climb so high, there are houses in the depths of clouds white”. About the changes, different people have different ideas. Many Internet users disagreed with the changes. They argued that changing pronunciations would change the rhyme of the sentences in poems, destroying the beauty of Chinese literature. However, supporters of the change said, “This is how language improves, and the pronunciations should meet the needs of society, instead of remaining in the past. ” An officer from the Ministry of Education explained that most of the so-called “new” pronunciations have not yet been confirmed (确认) . But according to the fifth and sixth edition (版本) of the Modern Chinese Dictionary, quite a few pinyin spellings have already been changed. Professor Zhang Yiwu from Peking University supports the changes. He told China Daily that pronunciation changes are normal and necessary as language changes and they will not destroy traditional culture. 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A．Many great poets in China. B．Some famous sentences in ancient poems. C．Some misread pronunciations are right now. 2．Which is the proper meaning of the underlined poem in the passage? A．黄河远上白云间，一片孤城万仞山。 B．远上寒山石径斜，白云深处有人家。 C．两岸青山相对出，孤帆一片日边来。 3．Why do some people support the pronunciation changes? A．Because they want to make a new language. B．Because they think the old language should be replaced. C．Because they think the language should meet the needs of society. 4．According to the last paragraph, what is Zhang Yiwu’s attitude to the changes? A．He supports the changes. B．He agrees with the changes. C．He doesn’t give any clear opinions. Passage 4 “Made in China” is having its moment now—and it’s a fashionable one. The story of Chinese fashion began in 2011 when Feiyue and Huili, the two Chinese sports shoe brands, suddenly got international attention. Their products were seen all over the world. A famous Chinese sportswear brand Li Ning was at the New York Fashion Week in September, 2018. They showed their new designs—sweaters and jackets with Chinese characters. Shaun Rein, managing director of China Market Research Group, said that the latest Chinese brands no longer catch customers’ eyes by low price. He told CNN, “They are sure that they can go head to head with foreign brands.” Maybe it is because China’s young people are now more confident about their own culture. They don’t show immediate interest in Western culture any more. “Today’s young people in China are crazy about Chinese cultural elements (元素),” Jin Qu, the manager of a clothing shopping website, said at a cultural festival in 2018. “They like these elements printed on their clothes, even the brand picture of Laoganma in China, which was once seen as outside of fashion. But now young people are proud of these Chinese symbols.” In fact, many stars in the West now are interested in Chinese cultural elements in fashion. Rihanna, a US singer, for example, wore a Chinese red dress to the 2015 Met Gala in New York. The dress was designed and made by Chinese designer Guo Pei. “We have to move from making to creating”, Chinese-American designer Aric Chen once told The New York Times. “We want to replace the words ‘Made in China’ with ‘Designed in China’.” 1． The new designs of a famous Chinese sportswear brand in September, 2018 were ________. A．sweaters and jackets with English words B．coats and scarves with American symbols C．sweaters and jackets with Chinese characters 2． The underlined word “They” in Paragraph 5 refers to “________”. A．clothes on Jin Qu’s clothing shopping website B．today’s young people in China C．directors of some Chinese companies 3． Why does the writer use the example of US singer Rihanna in Paragraph 6? A．To prove Rihanna is a fashionable celebrity. B．To show people in the West are fascinated by Chinese cultural elements. C．To introduce Chinese designer, Guo Pei. 4． What can be the best title for the passage? A．Chinese Clothes Brands B．Sports in China C．Designed in China Passage 5 In China, there are 24 solar terms (节气) in a year. And there are six solar terms in winter. They are beginning of winter, light snow, heavy snow, winter solstice (冬至), lesser cold (小寒) and greater cold. Beginning of winter usually falls on November 7th or 8th. On this day, after a year of hard work, people are happy to have a rest and spend time with the family. The northern China celebrates beginning of winter as the “Small Spring Festival”. People usually have dumplings and mutton soup on that day. Light snow usually falls on November 22nd or 23rd and heavy snow usually falls on December 7th or 8th. When winter solstice (Dec.21—23) comes, it brings the shortest days of the year and the longest nights. Many places around the country can expect the coldest weather. Ancient Chinese people would often start counting “nine cold periods (数九寒天)” starting from winter solstice . Every cold period has nine days. They believed that after81 cold days, spring would arrive. Lesser cold (Jan.4—6) usually brings the lowest on temperatures of the year. Greater cold comes after lesser cold. During this time, the sleety weather fills the fields with rain and snow. The field is covered with snow. And all Chinese are ready to welcome the Spring Festival after it. Of course, a new round of solar terms will start. 1．How many solar terms are there during winter months in China? A．Five. B．Six. C．Seven. 2． What do people in the northern China usually have on beginning of winter? A．Dumplings and mutton soup. B．Noodles and fish. C．Rice and chicken. 3． What does the underlined word “sleety” mean in the last paragraph? A．干燥的 B．阵雨的 C．雨雪的 4． What is the purpose (目的) of this passage? A．To introduce the solar terms in winter. B．To show us how people celebrate festivals. C．To tell us the stories of different solar terms. Passage 6 The brush pen, one of the “Four Treasures of the Study”, was invented thousands of years ago. However, the oldest pen was just a stick or a piece of bamboo. It was difficult for people to write well on thin silk. It is said that Meng Tian, a general of the Kingdom (王国) Qin, improved the pen. When Meng was leading an army to fight against the Kingdom of Chu, he had to report the situation to his king in time. But his pen was too hard and caused him much trouble, so he was thinking of ways to improve it. One day after hunting (狩猎), Meng made his way home with some wild rabbits on the horseback. Fat and heavy, one rabbit’s tail left a long trail (痕迹) on the ground when they moved on. Suddenly a good idea came to his mind when he saw it, “If I tie the rabbit’s hair to a stick, would it be easy to write with?” After arriving home, he tied the rabbit’s hair to a stick and tried writing with it. But the rabbit’s hair was too smooth (平滑的) to write well and wasted a lot of silk. Meng was so frustrated that he threw away his “invention” into a stone hole in the yard. However, Meng never gave up and kept trying all the time. A few rainy days later, he happened to find his “invention” in a stone hole. He picked it up with hope. The brush worked beautifully on silk. It turned out that the special water had cleaned the oil from the hair. Meng succeeded at last. Thanks to Meng, the brush pen is playing a key role in Chinese culture. Today, students are taught to use the brush pens in school. It makes their life more colorful and helps them better understand Chinese culture. 1． Why did Meng Tian want to improve the pen? A．Because the king asked him to do so. B．Because he wanted to be an inventor. C．Because the pen brought him much trouble. 2． When did Meng think of the good idea in Paragraph 3? A．Before hunting animals. B．When he saw the trail. C．While cleaning the hair. 3． The underlined word “frustrated” probably means “________”. A．happy B．upset C．surprised 4． What is the main idea of the passage? A．How the brush pen was invented. B．Meng was a great inventor. C．It is important to learn Chinese culture. Passage 7 Nowadays, many people are worried about the eating habits of middle school students. Many students prefer fast food, snacks, and sugary drinks to healthy meals. They often don’t eat breakfast, which is important for energy and focus during the day. Some students also eat late at night, which can make it harder to sleep and cause stomach problems. When it comes to food choices, many students don’t know much about healthy eating. They often pick tasty but unhealthy foods, forgetting about the importance of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains (全谷物). This is partly because they are influenced by advertisements and friends, thinking that eating junk food is “cool”. These poor eating habits can lead to health problems. For example, some students are overweight, while others may feel tired or get sick more often. Over time, these habits can increase the risk of serious illnesses like heart disease. To stay healthy, students should pay more attention to their diet. They should eat a mix of foods, including fruits, vegetables, and foods like eggs, meat, or beans for strength. It’s also important to drink plenty of water and avoid too many sugary drinks. Parents and schools can help by offering healthy meals and teaching students about good nutrition. By making better food choices, students can feel healthier and have more energy every day. 1． What food do many students often choose for meals according to the passage? A．Tasty fast food. B．Healthy vegetables. C．Cool whole grains. 2． Why do some students choose unhealthy foods? A．Because they know much about healthy eating. B．Because they think eating junk food is “cool”. C．Because they are not afraid of illnesses. 3． What does the word "nutrition" most likely mean in Chinese? A．行为 B．意识 C．营养 4． What is the main idea of the passage? A．The introduction of middle school students’ eating habits. B．The description of middle school students’ eating habits. C．The discussion of middle school students’ eating habits. Passage 8 Robotaxi Go rides on a road of Wuhan Baidu’s robotaxi (萝卜快跑) is experiencing a big order (订单) increase in Wuhan, Hubei Province, which is leading to hot public discussions. Robotaxis are driverless (无人的) taxis, which makes travel faster and more comfortable. People can book robotaxis at any time of day through the Baidu apps in the pilot areas (试点区域). Taking a robotaxi is cheaper than a traditional one. The car is clean and smart, allowing passengers to choose their preferred music freely. “With no driver in the car, I can avoid communicating with others, making it easier to rest,” a local rider in Wuhan told the reporter on Wednesday. A report from Baidu shared with the Global Times showed that there are 300 driverless taxis in Wuhan. In fact, this Baidu service has been introduced to many cities in China, such as Beijing, Wuhan, Shenzhen, Chongqing, and Shanghai. However, every coin has two sides. Robotaxis have some drawbacks. “The waiting time is long, taking 8-10 minutes from order to arrival, and the driving speed is slow, not a good choice for passengers in a hurry,” one rider complained. What’s more, the rising order for lower-price robotaxi worries taxi drivers. In a word, driverless technology has entered our daily life, and it will change the world, which requires us to look at it correctly, think calmly, and actively embrace (拥抱) the arrival of each new technological change. 1． What’s the advantage of Baidu’s robotaxis? A．People can book the taxis on any apps. B．They are cheaper than traditional taxis. C．People can communicate with the driver freely. 2． What does the underlined word “drawbacks” probably mean in Paragraph 4? A．缺点 B．绘画 C．后退 3． Why are taxi drivers worried about the rise of robotaxis? A．Because robotaxis are more comfortable. B．Because robotaxis are cheaper. C．Because robotaxis are faster. 4． What is the author’s attitude (态度) towards the growth of Baidu's robotaxi business? A．Disagree. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. Passage 9 Have you ever gotten stung (蜇) by a bee? Well, for 18-year-old Mikaila Ulmer from the US, her first bee sting at the age of 4 was a special experience. It inspired her to make a difference and turned her into an entrepreneur. The bee sting scared Mikaila, but it also made her interested in the insect. She soon learned how important bees are for the planet and how they are at risk of dying out. At not even 5 years old, Mikaila wanted to do something to help save the bees. With her parents’ help, she set up a lemonade stand in her front yard. She used her grandmother’s homemade lemonade recipe and added a little bit of honey to it. The money from every lemonade she sold went to bee protection groups. But Mikaila wanted to do more. She made her special recipe into a product, called Me and the Bees Lemonade. At the age of 10, she went on a TV show with her dad to try to get funding and public attention. It worked. Now, more than 10 years since her first lemonade, she sells five different drink products available at many restaurants and stores across the country. In 2020, Mikaila brought out a book about her experience as an entrepreneur called Bee Fearless, Dream Like a Kid. As she explained to CNBC, “I always say that it’s important to dream like a kid, and as a kid, it’s the perfect age to start figuring out what you enjoy and trying new things and taking risks.” 1． The underlined word “entrepreneur” is similar to _______. A．bee keeper B．scientist C．businesswoman 2． How did Mikaila make money at age 5? A．She sold her parents’ lemonade stand. B．She sold lemonade drinks with honey. C．She sold her grandmother’s lemonade recipe. 3． What is “Me and the Bees Lemonade”? A．It’s a drink product Mikaila made. B．It’s the name of a company. C．It is a book about Mikaila’s experience. 4． What would be the best title for the passage? A．I love the bee sting! B．A “bee” girl. C．Goodbye, bees! Passage 10 China is a great country with rich produce. Many of them are popular at home and abroad. Let’s take a look at some of them. Potatoes in Xinjiang The special weather in Xinjiang helps it grow many different foods. For example, high-quality potatoes from Baicheng county, Xinjiang, are very popular in overseas (海外的) markets. Sunflower seeds in Shandong Sunflower seeds are one of the most popular snacks in China. People in many Southeast Asian countries, like Thailand and Vietnam, also like them. A company in Shandong has a huge sunflower planting base. The sunflower seeds there are usually sent to Qingdao port. Then, people transport (运输) them by sea to the whole world. Radishes (萝卜) in Tongliang In Tongliang, Chongqing, radishes are important for making money and creating jobs. Farmers can grow radishes by the Fujiang River three times a year thanks to good water and soil. As there are so many good radishes, they are sent to other countries. Trucks take them to Yunnan Hekou port, and then they go to Southeast Asian countries, like Vietnam. Caviar (鱼子酱) in Zhejiang Caviar, for most Chinese people, is a foreign specialty. However, about 60 percent of the world’s caviar production now takes place in China. In Quzhou, Zhejiang, caviar production has become a big industry. Its products are transported around the world through cold chain logistics (冷链物流). Sometimes, it takes only 24 hours for people overseas to enjoy this delicious food. 1． Why can different foods grow in Xinjiang? A．For its large areas. B．For its special weather C．For its hard-working people. 2． What do sunflower seeds in Shandong and radishes in Tongliang have in common? A．Both can be grown three times in one year. B．Both are popular in Southeast Asian countries. C．Both are very popular snacks at home and abroad. 3． What does the underlined word “specialty” in the last paragraph mean? A．奢侈品 B．农产品 C．特色食品 4． What can be the best title for this passage? A．Food Travels the World B．Different Food Grows around China C．Good Water and Soil Help Food Grow Well 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 阅读理解之词句猜测题 目录 01·考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02·时空导航·网络构建 4 03·题型通关·靶向突破 4 考点一 题型破解 5 一、题型特点 5 二、设问方式 5 三、选项规律 5 考点二 解题要点 7 一、词义猜测题 7 二、代词指代题 9 三、句意猜测题 11 04·优题精选·练能提分 13 题型 考查形式 2025年 2024年 2023年 阅读理解之推理判断题 ☑选择题 □非选择题 湖南省卷25 长沙卷25 湖南省卷29 长沙卷29 长沙卷：33 株洲卷；衡阳卷；永州卷均有考察 考情分析 一、命题特点分析 1. 考查定位：微观语篇能力，服务整体理解 · 能力层级：在语篇考查体系中，词义猜测属于微观层面的语言解码能力。它不要求死记硬背词汇，而是考查学生运用上下文“破译”信息的能力，旨在扫除阅读障碍，服务于对文章整体的准确理解。 · 湖南考情：在《湖南省2024年初中学业水平考试试卷结构》中，阅读理解部分共15题，分值30分。词义猜测题作为四种主要题型（细节、推理、主旨、词义）之一，在此框架内稳定考查。 2. 选词特点：紧扣“超纲”，重在语境 · 词汇来源：所考查的单词或短语通常超出《课程标准》的词汇表范围，属于“超纲词”。这直接排除了依靠机械记忆得分的可能，真正聚焦于“猜测”能力。 · 语境依赖：所有被考查词义都高度依赖其所在的特定上下文。同一个词在不同语境中，考查的可能是完全不同的含义。 3. 线索设计：隐蔽多样，综合性强 命题者不会设置真正的“死词”，而是在文中精心埋伏多种线索，引导考生推断。这些线索主要包括： · 定义解释：通过同位语、定语从句（that is, which means）、破折号、括号等，直接给出解释。 · 逻辑关系：利用并列（and）、转折（but）、因果（because, so）、举例（for example）等关系，暗示词义。 · 同义复现：在上下文用近义词或短语重新表述。 · 反义对比：通过“not A but B”、“unlike”、“while”等结构，用反义词提示含义。 · 生活常识与背景知识：结合普遍的生活经验或文章主题进行合理推测 二、命题思路总结 湖南地区中考词义猜测题的命题，体现了从“知识立意”向“能力立意”和“素养立意”的深刻转型，其核心思路可概括为 “以语境为基，以思维为径，以运用为的”。 1. 根本原则：语境化解码——这是最核心的思路。命题坚持 “词不离句，句不离篇” ，每一个正确选项都是特定语境的必然产物。它考查的不是词典中的“静态词义”，而是文本中的“动态词义”。这要求考生必须摒弃脱离上下文的“猜词”习惯，养成紧密依附文本进行分析的思维。 2. 核心导向：思维过程可视化与策略化——题目本身成为一个“思维测试仪”。正确选项对应一条清晰、合理的推导路径（如识别出定义句或对比关系）。而干扰项则通常对应典型的思维误区，例如： “望文生义”陷阱：根据词汇的局部构成（如词根、词缀或类似熟词）进行错误联想。 “脱离语境”陷阱：代入该词最常见、但与上下文逻辑冲突的含义。 “以偏概全”陷阱：只捕捉到部分语境线索，忽略了其他决定性的逻辑词或解释。 命题通过这种方式，旨在选拔出那些掌握了科学猜词策略（如寻找逻辑连词、分析句子结构）的学生。 3. 终极目标：考查可迁移的阅读微技能——词义猜测题的本质，是考查一种基础的、可迁移的阅读元技能。命题者关注的不是学生是否“认识”某个词，而是是否掌握了在陌生文本中自主克服词汇障碍的策略和方法。这种能力是学生进行课外拓展阅读和终身英语学习的基石，完美体现了核心素养中对“学习能力”的要求。 命题预测 一、主题预测 词义猜测题的选材将紧密围绕“人与自我、人与社会、人与自然”三大核心主题，并融入具有时代感的话题，使词汇猜测任务根植于真实、有意义的语境中。预计以下主题将成为考查热点： · 科技与生活：涉及人工智能应用、智能设备、环保技术、健康生活方式等话题的语篇。这类文本可能包含特定术语或常见词的科技引申义，如 “cloud”（云存储）、“stream”（流媒体）。 · 心理健康与成长：围绕情绪管理、压力应对、人际交往、自我认知等主题的记叙文或说明文。文中可能出现描述心理状态的抽象词汇或比喻性表达。 · 本土文化传承：介绍湖南地方文化、传统技艺、节日习俗、历史人物等内容的语篇。可能考查具有文化内涵的词汇或习语，如 “lion dance”（舞狮）、“embroidery”（刺绣）。 · 生态环保：关注碳中和、垃圾分类、濒危动物保护、气候变化等全球性议题的文本。可能涉及环保领域专有名词或术语，如 “carbon footprint”（碳足迹）。 二、题型预测 词义猜测题 代词指代题 句意猜测题 考点一 题型破解 一、题型特点 词句猜测题具有以下区别于其他阅读题型的鲜明特点： 1. 考查本质：语境化解码能力 其核心是考查学生利用上下文线索，在具体语境中动态推断“陌生”语言单位含义的能力。这要求学生扮演“语言侦探”的角色，进行现场分析和破译。 2. 答案来源：完全依赖上下文 正确答案无法通过词汇记忆或脱离语境的语法分析得出，必须严格依据该词句所处的微观语境（前后句的逻辑、语义关系）和宏观语境（段落主旨、文章基调）进行推导。 3. 思维过程：基于线索的逻辑推断 解题的关键在于识别并利用文中预设的各种线索，如同义解释、对比转折、举例说明、因果关联等，进行一步合理的逻辑推断。 4. 能力指向：核心的阅读微技能 掌握此题型对应的策略，是学生实现自主阅读、克服词汇障碍的基础性阅读微技能，直接服务于对文章整体的准确理解。 二、设问方式 根据猜测对象的不同，其设问方式可分为以下三类，题干关键词鲜明： 1. 词义猜测题——主要针对单词、短语或习语的含义提问。 The word “…” in Paragraph 2 probably means ______. What does the underlined word “…” mean? The phrase “…” could be replaced by ______. 2. 代词指代题——专门针对代词（it, they, this, which等）所指代的内容提问。 What does the word “it” in Line 5 refer to? The word “they” in the sentence refers to ______. 3. 句意猜测题——针对特定句子的深层含义、言外之意或修辞意图提问。 What does the sentence “…” imply? By saying “…”, the author means that ______. The underlined sentence suggests that ______. 三、选项规律 干扰项类型 核心特征与命题逻辑 典型例子与解析 教学提示与破解关键 脱离语境型 (脱离文本) 提供该单词最常见、最核心的“词典义”或字面义，但完全不符合该词在当下文章中的具体语境和用法。 原文：The news was a heavy blow to him.（这消息对他是个沉重的打击。） 干扰项：对…吹气 (取 “blow” 最常见的动词义) 正解：打击 (取其在具体语境中的抽象名词义) 关键提问：“这个意思放进原句里，逻辑和意思通顺吗？” 破解：牢记“词不离句”，坚决将选项代回原文验证。 望文生义型 (主观联想) 利用学生可能对单词部分拼写（词根、词缀）或发音的熟悉感，诱导其进行错误联想和主观猜测。 原文：He’s very inexperienced.（他非常缺乏经验。） 干扰项：经验丰富的 (错误联想 “in-” 和 “experience”) 正解：无经验的 关键提问：“你是根据单词‘长相’猜的，还是根据上下文线索推断的？” 破解：忽略孤立单词的“长相”，聚焦上下文提供的定义、举例、对比等线索。 逻辑颠倒型 (正反混淆) 选项词义与原文中通过逻辑关联词（如but, however, unlike）所暗示的语义关系完全相反。 原文：Most people agreed, but a few dissented.（大多数人同意，但少数人______。） 干扰项：热烈赞同 正解：不同意 关键提问：“原文中表示转折（but）、对比（unlike）或否定（not）的词，暗示了什么关系？” 破解：重点分析划线词所在句的逻辑结构，明确其语义倾向。 以偏概全型 (片面理解) 选项只反映了文中解释词义的部分线索或修饰信息，而遗漏或扭曲了最关键、最本质的定义核心。 原文：It’s not real; it’s just a very good imitation.（这不是真的，只是一个很好的______。） 干扰项：真品，宝石 (只看到 “very good” 或联想到 “diamond”) 正解：仿制品 关键提问：“你考虑全了划线词前后所有的限定信息吗？尤其是‘not’、‘just’这类词？” 破解：全面整合所有语境线索，定义句中的否定词和限定词往往是关键。 考点二 解题要点 一、词义猜测题 1. 解题步骤 词义猜测题的解题是一个典型的“定位线索-分析推导-验证匹配”过程，其核心是充当“语言侦探”，在上下文中寻找并解读线索。 第一步：定位线索，圈定范围 根据题干所问的单词或短语，在原文中精确定位到它所在的句子（核心定位句）。以该句为中心，向前后适当扩展1-2个句子，划定寻找线索的分析范围。这是所有分析的基础。 第二步：分析线索，推导词义 在划定的范围内，系统地寻找并分析所有可能提示词义的语境线索，这是解题的关键。主要线索类型包括： 1. 定义或解释线索：寻找 that is, meaning, in other words, 破折号、括号等直接给出解释的信号。 2. 逻辑关系线索：分析句子间的因果 (because, so)、转折 (but, however)、对比 (unlike, while)、举例 (for example) 等关系。 3. 同义或反义线索：注意上下文中出现的近义词、重述句，或通过 not, instead of 等引出的反义表达。 4. 常识与背景线索：结合文章主题、学生已有的生活经验和背景知识进行合理推测。 第三步：代入验证，匹配选项 将你根据线索推导出的初步词义，逐一代入原文，替换掉被猜测的词。检查替换后，句子是否逻辑通顺、语义连贯，且与文章整体基调一致。最后，选择与此验证结果最匹配的选项。 2. 解题原则 原则名称 核心释义 与细节/推理题的核心差异 语境决定原则 词义猜测题的唯一最高原则。单词的含义完全且唯一地由其所处的上下文决定，脱离语境则答案无意义。 细节题答案在原文中明确存在；推理题答案基于原文延伸；词义题答案需通过语境即时生成。 线索支撑原则 任何合理的猜测都必须有来自原文的一个或多个明确的线索作为依据。猜测不是主观臆断，而是基于文本证据的客观推导。 强调对微观语言信号（逻辑连词、标点、解释性语言）的敏感度，而非宏观信息整合或逻辑延伸。 代入验证原则 判断选项正确与否的最终检验标准是将选项含义代入原文，看是否“天衣无缝”。通顺、合理、合乎逻辑的选项才是正确答案。 这是一个独特的、必不可少的步骤，是区别强干扰项的最后一道关卡，其他题型通常无需此步。 避熟就生原则 当被猜测词是熟词时，正确答案往往是其较不常见或符合语境的特殊含义（熟词生义），而非最常用的意思。 直接对抗学生根据“第一反应”或“最常见意思”进行选择的惯性思维，是重要失分点。 【典例1-1】Costa has "updated" the musical work to make it match the realities of the modern world. The ‘"updated" musical work has been played in Madrid, Spain. The performance takes place in front of a screen. As the musicians play, a video shows the effects (影响) of climate change, such as forest fires and unusually dry weather. 1．Which is close to the underlined word "updated" in meaning in Paragraph 4? A．提上日程 B．追根溯源 C．赋予新意 【答案】C 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段Costa has "updated" the musical work to make it match the realities of the modern world.可知，Costa重新创作了这部音乐作品，使其符合现代世界的现实， 这是给这部音乐作品"赋予新意"，故选C。 【迁移运用1-1】Wang Min, a mother of a 14-year-old boy, thinks playtime needs supervision. She explains, “People usually say I like to control my kid, but that’s not true. I am just worried that he will get into trouble. Some guys may have a bad influence on him and some games may mislead (误导) him. He might even get indulged in the games and can’t get back to real life.” 1. What do the underlined words “get indulged in” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Get lost in. B．Get interested in. C．Be tired of. 【答案】A 【解析】词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“Some guys may have a bad influence on him and some games may mislead (误导) him. He might even get indulged in the games and can’t get back to real life.”可知，一些不良的人可能对他有坏影响，一些游戏可能误导他，他甚至可能会沉迷于游戏而无法回到现实生活中。结合语境，“get indulged in”意思与“沉迷于”相近，“Get lost in.”有“迷失于，陷入（某种状态等）”的意思，与“沉迷于”意思相符。故选A。 【迁移运用1-2】…Hours later, Andy finally decided to go to bed but what a surprise when he entered his bedroom! Tubby was sleeping in his bed. Andy tried to shift the cat. But there was no way to shift him. That night he hardly slept, being pushed over into one small corner of his bed. 1. What does the underlined word “shift” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Catch. B．Wake. C．Move. 【答案】C 【解析】词句猜测题。根据“Tubby was sleeping in his bed. Andy tried to shift the cat. But there was no way to shift him.”可推知，Andy想让床上的猫“移动”，“Move”意为“移动”。故选C。 二、代词指代题 1. 解题步骤 代词指代题的解题过程遵循一个清晰的“定位→分析→验证”路径，核心是向前寻找并确认一个在语法和逻辑上都唯一匹配的对象。 1. 第一步：精确定位，确定搜索方向 在原文中圈出题干所问的代词（如 it, they, this, which）。 牢记向前搜索原则，将寻找范围锁定在该代词之前的文句。 2. 第二步：向前搜索，筛选候选对象 就近寻找：从该代词前最近的名词、名词短语或完整的句子意思开始排查。 双重检验：用以下两个标准检验候选对象是否成立： 语法一致：候选对象的单复数与代词形式必须匹配。 逻辑合理：将候选对象代入原文，句意和上下文逻辑必须通顺、合理。 3. 第三步：代入验证，锁定最终答案 将筛选出的指代内容直接代入原句，替换掉该代词。 通读检查，确保替换后的句子语法正确、意思完整、与上下文无缝衔接。这是解题的最终和决定性步骤。 2. 解题原则 原则名称 核心释义 教学提示与典型错误 向前指代原则 绝大多数代词（it, they, this, that, these, which等）都指代上文中已出现的信息，解题时必须向前搜索。 错误示例：向后文寻找指代内容。需向学生强调，指代是“承前”而非“启后”。 一致性原则 指代关系必须在语法形式（单复数、人称）和逻辑意义上同时成立。 教学提示：引导学生进行“双重检验”。单复数不一致（如用it指代复数名词）是最易发现的错误。 位置就近与逻辑优先结合原则 首先运用“位置就近”初步定位，但最终必须以“逻辑优先”为准。当最近的名词在逻辑上无法说通时，需扩大范围，寻找更合理的意群或概念。 典型情况：this或that常指代前面整个句子或一组观点，而非最近的一个单词。例如：“The sky turned dark and wind blew strongly. This made everyone hurry home.” 此处的This指代前句描述的整个天气变化情况。 【典例】…Susan, 11 Kids don't need homework. They're learning for six hours a day at school. Adding another hour of work for kids to do at home is just having them repeat what they've been doing all day. Besides, homework takes time away from activities like team sports. These are just as important as schoolwork, because they keep kids active. 1. What does "These" refer to（指代）in the last paragrapgh? A．Kids. B．Subjects. C．Activities like team sports. 【答案】C 【解析】代词指代题。根据最后一段Besides，homework takes time away from activities like team sports. These are just as important as schoolwork，because they keep kids active.（除此之外，家庭作业还会占用孩子们参加团体运动的时间，这些和家庭作业一样重要，因为家庭作业可以让孩子们保持活跃。）可知these指代上文中的activities like team sports，故选：C。 【迁移运用2-1】In the study, people with spider phobia went through a single two-hour “exposure therapy (暴露疗法)”, and they learned that the spider wasn’t as fearful as they thought. During the two-hour therapy, the participants (参与者) first used a paintbrush to touch the live spider, then they used a gloved hand, and finally they touched it with their bare hands. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The study. B．The spider. C．The therapy. 【答案】B 【解析】词句猜测题。根据“In the study, people with spider phobia went through a single two-hour “exposure therapy (暴露疗法)”, …then they used a gloved hand, and finally they touched it with their bare hands.”可知，参与者最终用裸手触摸的是“蜘蛛”。故选B。 【迁移运用2-2】 Engineer Zhu said the greatest challenge was to make sure “zero mistake in daily operations” during the five-month task. “This requires us to learn to solve problems quickly and successfully,” Zhu said. “We must know the space station very well and have professional knowledge. The most important part, in fact, was the power of our team. We checked and reminded each other repeatedly of every important task to make sure it had no mistake.” 1. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The space station. B．The important task. C．The greatest challenge. 【答案】B 【解析】词句猜测题。根据“We checked and reminded each other repeatedly of every important task to make sure it had no mistake.”可知，我们反复检查并提醒彼此每一项重要任务，以确保它没有错误。因此it指代的是“重要任务”。故选B。 三、句意猜测题 句意猜测题要求理解一个句子（常含修辞、引申或总结）在文中的深层含义。解题需从表层走向深层，步骤如下： 1. 第一步：定位句子，理解字面 在原文中找到题干所问的句子并划出。 首先理解其字面意思和句子本身的基本结构。 2. 第二步：分析语境，推断深意 这是关键步骤。向前后扩展阅读，分析该句子与上下文的逻辑关系（如：是前文的原因、结果、例证、转折还是总结？）。 识别句子中是否有比喻、反语、夸张等修辞手法。如果有，则其真实含义往往不是字面意思。 结合该句子所在段落的主旨乃至文章的整体基调进行综合推断。 3. 第三步：匹配验证，确定答案 将你的推断与选项进行匹配。 将你认为正确的选项含义代入原文，检查是否能使上下文逻辑连贯、语义通顺，且与文章主旨一致。 2. 解题原则 原则名称 核心释义 教学提示与常见陷阱 语境核心原则 句子的真实含义完全由其所在的上下文语境决定。脱离语境的理解通常是错误的。 教学提示：强调“句不离段”。必须引导学生到该句的前后文中寻找理解的钥匙。 常见陷阱：选择符合常识但与本文特定语境无关的选项。 逻辑关系原则 必须明确该句在文中承担的逻辑功能（如总结前文、引出下文、对比转折）。功能决定其解读方向。 教学提示：训练学生识别“Therefore,” “However,” “For example”等路标词，并分析句子间的逻辑。 常见陷阱：忽略句子与上下文的逻辑联系，进行孤立解读。 主旨关联原则 句子的深层含义，尤其是概括性或议论性句子，必须与段落或文章的中心思想相关联、相呼应。 教学提示：引导学生自问：“作者在这里说这句话，是为了支持什么核心观点？” 常见陷阱：推断出的句意与全文主旨发生偏离或矛盾。 功能分析原则 对于使用修辞的句子，应分析其修辞功能（是为了形象化、强调、讽刺还是缓和语气？），功能指向其意图。 教学提示：重点讲解如何识别常见修辞（如明喻、暗喻），并练习将形象化语言“翻译”为平实的陈述。 常见陷阱：对修辞句进行字面直译，不理解其象征或隐含意义。 【典例】…You can find differences in old Chinese poems. I live in Hangzhou, a southern city. China’s poets like Su Shi once wrote about the West Lake here. Hangzhou is warm and wet, with beautiful lake scenery (风景). But if you read poems about the north, you’ll find that “In boundless desert lonely smoke rises straight”. Quite different scenes (场景), aren’t they? 1. Which of the following best explain the meaning of the underlined sentence? A．大漠孤烟直 B．大漠沙如雪 C．日夜奔腾大漠烟 【答案】A 【解析】词句猜测题。boundless desert“无垠的沙漠”，lonely“孤独的”，smoke“烟”，rises straight“径直上升”，句意对应王维的诗句“大漠孤烟直”。故选A。 【迁移运用3-1】Well, Peter won the first prize in a competition which was organized by a radio station days ago. So he was allowed to enter the City Bank and take as much money as he could within (在……以内) five minutes. However, he wasn’t allowed to bring any bag or box into the bank. He had to put the money only into his pockets. When the time was up, he was out of breath but had 5,000 dollars in his pockets. 1. The underlined sentence “He had to put the money only into his pockets.” probably means “________”. A．his pockets were bigger than other things B．he was allowed to use only his pockets to take the money C．he forgot to bring something else to take the money 【答案】B 【解析】词句猜测题。根据前文“However, he wasn’t allowed to bring any bag or box into the bank.”可知，划线句子前的规则是：他不被允许带任何袋子或盒子进入银行。 因此，这意味着他只能用口袋来装钱，不能使用其他容器。故选B。 【迁移运用3-2】Daniel: You just did your best at school, but now you are feeling bad because of it. Maybe your friend is envious (嫉妒的). Or maybe his parents compare him to you, which makes him feel upset. Or maybe it’s you. Perhaps, when you talk about your grades, you sound snobbish. 1．What do the underlined words “you sound snobbish” mean? A．You worry about your marks. B．You make fun of your friend. C．You are pleased with yourself. 【答案】C 【解析】词句猜测题。根据“You just did your best at school, but now you are feeling bad because of it. Maybe your friend is envious (嫉妒的).”和“Perhaps, when you talk about your grades, you sound snobbish.”可知，此处是分析Daniel和朋友疏远的原因，有可能是Daniel在谈论自己的成绩时感到自己很了不起，因此此处you sound snobbish与You are pleased with yourself.“你对自己很满意。”意思相近。故选C。 Passage 1 Long ago, the early people did not live in houses as we do today. Most of the homes were in caves (洞穴) or shelters which were built in trees. These “homes” were only used as temporary (临时的) shelters to protect them from the sun, the rain and the wild animals in the forests. Men of that time were called “cave people”. These “cave people” usually lived in small groups and life was not easy for them. They had to move from place to place to search for food. They would hunt, fish or pick wild fruit. When they couldn’t find anything to eat, they would leave to find another proper place. Their tools were very simple. They ate uncooked food until they learnt how to make a fire. For clothing, they used only the tree leaves or the skins (皮) of animals to cover their bodies. However, the life of the “cave people” changed. They collected the seeds (种子) of wild plants that grew in the forests. Soon they learnt to plant fruit, vegetables and other crops. They also kept cows, sheep and other kinds of farm animals for milk, meat and skins. They became farmers and lived in only one certain area. Their groups became larger than before as they seldom changed their living places. They built houses as long-lasting homes, and as a result, villages and towns developed quickly. The “cave people” began to be civilized (文明的). 1． How does the writer begin this passage? A．By listing numbers. B．By offering suggestions. C．By comparing differences. 2． What does the underlined word “shelters” mean? A．遮蔽物 B．警示物 C．危险物 3． Why did the “cave people” have to move from place to place? A．To make a fire. B．To search for food. C．To help more people. 4． What’s the best title of the passage? A．Cave People’s Journey to Be Civilized. B．Changes in Human Housing Over Time. C．The Importance of Fire in Early Human History. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了早期人类从穴居生活到农耕文明的演变过程。 1．细节理解题。根据“Long ago, the early people did not live in houses as we do today.”可知，作者通过对比古今居住方式的差异开篇。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“These ‘homes’ were only used as temporary (临时的) shelters to protect them from the sun, the rain and the wild animals in the forests.”可知，这是保护他们免受日晒、雨淋和野兽侵袭的地方，由此可知是指建在树上的遮蔽物，划线单词表示“遮蔽物”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“They had to move from place to place to search for food.”可知，他们从一个地方搬到另一个地方是为了寻找食物。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了人类从洞居生活逐渐进化到现代文明生活的过程。故选A。 Passage 2 My family lived in a tiny house. My father was a postman, and he often worked twelve hours a day outside in the winter cold or in the summer heat. My mum was a farm girl before she met my father. She was a kind and loving mother. She didn’t go out to work. There were five children in my family, and looking after us was a difficult job. The food we ate was simple. We could only eat meat once or twice a year. I wasn’t sent to school when I was young because my family couldn’t pay for it. But now, families have got smaller than they were in the past. The role of women has changed too. My daughter is really lucky. She has a good education. I’m happy that she can go to work even after getting married, but sometimes I feel lonely because she can’t come to see me often. Transport (交通) and travel are much easier today. When I was young, I went everywhere on foot or sometimes by bike. Now you can take a bus, the subway or a plane to travel. What I don’t like is that there’s so much more traffic. It’s so difficult to cross the road. And, of course, we have televisions today and I really enjoy watching TV. Generally, I think life is better today. We eat better and we live longer. 1． What does the writer think of her mother? A．Kind and worried. B．Kind and strict. C．Kind and loving 2． Why couldn’t the writer go to school when she was young? A．Because her parents didn’t want her to go to school. B．Because her family didn’t have much money. C．Because she thought going to school was meaningless. 3． The underlined word “traffic” means “_________” in Chinese. A．拥堵 B．便利 C．安全 4． What’s the best title for the passage? A．Today’s Transport B．How Life has Changed C．Life in the Past 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者通过对比过去和现在的生活，讲述了家庭、教育、交通等方面的变化，并表达了对现代生活的认可。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“She was a kind and loving mother.”可知，作者认为母亲善良且充满爱心。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“I wasn’t sent to school when I was young because my family couldn’t pay for it.”可知，作者未能上学的原因是家庭经济困难。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“It’s so difficult to cross the road.”可知，“traffic”导致过马路困难，因此其含义应与“拥堵”相关。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。全文通过对比过去与现在的生活，重点描述了家庭、教育、交通等方面的变化。选项B“How Life has Changed”最能概括文章主旨。故选B。 Passage 3 Recently, an article titled “Chinese Characters Whose Pronunciations Have Changed” has caused heated discussions online. It’s said that some pronunciations, which were considered to have been misread before, are right now. They even include the characters in some famous sentences from ancient poems. One example is by Du Mu from the Tang Dynasty “Up a long path amid the rocks I climb so high, there are houses in the depths of clouds white”. About the changes, different people have different ideas. Many Internet users disagreed with the changes. They argued that changing pronunciations would change the rhyme of the sentences in poems, destroying the beauty of Chinese literature. However, supporters of the change said, “This is how language improves, and the pronunciations should meet the needs of society, instead of remaining in the past. ” An officer from the Ministry of Education explained that most of the so-called “new” pronunciations have not yet been confirmed (确认) . But according to the fifth and sixth edition (版本) of the Modern Chinese Dictionary, quite a few pinyin spellings have already been changed. Professor Zhang Yiwu from Peking University supports the changes. He told China Daily that pronunciation changes are normal and necessary as language changes and they will not destroy traditional culture. 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A．Many great poets in China. B．Some famous sentences in ancient poems. C．Some misread pronunciations are right now. 2．Which is the proper meaning of the underlined poem in the passage? A．黄河远上白云间，一片孤城万仞山。 B．远上寒山石径斜，白云深处有人家。 C．两岸青山相对出，孤帆一片日边来。 3．Why do some people support the pronunciation changes? A．Because they want to make a new language. B．Because they think the old language should be replaced. C．Because they think the language should meet the needs of society. 4．According to the last paragraph, what is Zhang Yiwu’s attitude to the changes? A．He supports the changes. B．He agrees with the changes. C．He doesn’t give any clear opinions. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章围绕汉字读音的变化展开讨论，不同人有不同看法，教育部官员解释多数所谓“新”读音未确认，但词典有部分拼音拼写改变，北大教授张颐武支持这些变化，认为读音变化正常且必要，不会破坏传统文化。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It’s said that some pronunciations, which were considered to have been misread before, are right now.”可知，一些以前被认为读错的发音现在是对的。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“One example is by Du Mu from the Tang Dynasty ‘Up a long path amid the rocks I climb so high, there are houses in the depths of clouds white’.”以及杜牧的诗歌风格和常见内容可知，诗句意思是“沿着弯弯曲曲的小路上山，在那白云深处居然还有人家”。B选项“远上寒山石径斜，白云生处有人家”与之相符。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“However, supporters of the change said, ‘This is how language improves, and the pronunciations should meet the needs of society, instead of remaining in the past.’”可知，一些人支持读音变化是因为他们认为语言应该满足社会的需求。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Professor Zhang Yiwu from Peking University supports the changes. He told China Daily that pronunciation changes are normal and necessary as language changes and they will not destroy traditional culture.”可知，张颐武教授支持这些变化。support和agree with都表示支持，但原文用的是support，所以A选项更贴合原文。故选A。 Passage 4 “Made in China” is having its moment now—and it’s a fashionable one. The story of Chinese fashion began in 2011 when Feiyue and Huili, the two Chinese sports shoe brands, suddenly got international attention. Their products were seen all over the world. A famous Chinese sportswear brand Li Ning was at the New York Fashion Week in September, 2018. They showed their new designs—sweaters and jackets with Chinese characters. Shaun Rein, managing director of China Market Research Group, said that the latest Chinese brands no longer catch customers’ eyes by low price. He told CNN, “They are sure that they can go head to head with foreign brands.” Maybe it is because China’s young people are now more confident about their own culture. They don’t show immediate interest in Western culture any more. “Today’s young people in China are crazy about Chinese cultural elements (元素),” Jin Qu, the manager of a clothing shopping website, said at a cultural festival in 2018. “They like these elements printed on their clothes, even the brand picture of Laoganma in China, which was once seen as outside of fashion. But now young people are proud of these Chinese symbols.” In fact, many stars in the West now are interested in Chinese cultural elements in fashion. Rihanna, a US singer, for example, wore a Chinese red dress to the 2015 Met Gala in New York. The dress was designed and made by Chinese designer Guo Pei. “We have to move from making to creating”, Chinese-American designer Aric Chen once told The New York Times. “We want to replace the words ‘Made in China’ with ‘Designed in China’.” 1． The new designs of a famous Chinese sportswear brand in September, 2018 were ________. A．sweaters and jackets with English words B．coats and scarves with American symbols C．sweaters and jackets with Chinese characters 2． The underlined word “They” in Paragraph 5 refers to “________”. A．clothes on Jin Qu’s clothing shopping website B．today’s young people in China C．directors of some Chinese companies 3． Why does the writer use the example of US singer Rihanna in Paragraph 6? A．To prove Rihanna is a fashionable celebrity. B．To show people in the West are fascinated by Chinese cultural elements. C．To introduce Chinese designer, Guo Pei. 4． What can be the best title for the passage? A．Chinese Clothes Brands B．Sports in China C．Designed in China 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国文化元素在国内外都十分受欢迎，它成为了一种时尚。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“A famous Chinese sportswear brand Li Ning was at the New York Fashion Week in September, 2018. They showed their new designs—sweaters and jackets with Chinese characters.”可知，2018年9月，一个著名的中国运动服装品牌的新设计是带有汉字的毛衣和夹克。故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据第五段“Today’s young people in China are crazy about Chinese cultural elements (元素)...They like these elements printed on their clothes”可知，现在的中国年轻人对中国文化元素非常着迷，他们喜欢将这些元素印在他们的衣服上。由此可知，划线的They指上文提到的today’s young people in China。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段“In fact, many stars in the West now are interested in Chinese cultural elements in fashion.”可知，作者使用美国歌手蕾哈娜的例子是为了展示现在西方的许多明星对中国文化元素很感兴趣。故选B。 4．标题归纳题。根据最后一段“We want to replace the words ‘Made in China’ with ‘Designed in China’.”并通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了中国文化元素在国内外都十分受欢迎，它成为了一种时尚。因此，选项C“中国设计”是最佳标题。故选C。 Passage 5 In China, there are 24 solar terms (节气) in a year. And there are six solar terms in winter. They are beginning of winter, light snow, heavy snow, winter solstice (冬至), lesser cold (小寒) and greater cold. Beginning of winter usually falls on November 7th or 8th. On this day, after a year of hard work, people are happy to have a rest and spend time with the family. The northern China celebrates beginning of winter as the “Small Spring Festival”. People usually have dumplings and mutton soup on that day. Light snow usually falls on November 22nd or 23rd and heavy snow usually falls on December 7th or 8th. When winter solstice (Dec.21—23) comes, it brings the shortest days of the year and the longest nights. Many places around the country can expect the coldest weather. Ancient Chinese people would often start counting “nine cold periods (数九寒天)” starting from winter solstice . Every cold period has nine days. They believed that after81 cold days, spring would arrive. Lesser cold (Jan.4—6) usually brings the lowest on temperatures of the year. Greater cold comes after lesser cold. During this time, the sleety weather fills the fields with rain and snow. The field is covered with snow. And all Chinese are ready to welcome the Spring Festival after it. Of course, a new round of solar terms will start. 1．How many solar terms are there during winter months in China? A．Five. B．Six. C．Seven. 2． What do people in the northern China usually have on beginning of winter? A．Dumplings and mutton soup. B．Noodles and fish. C．Rice and chicken. 3． What does the underlined word “sleety” mean in the last paragraph? A．干燥的 B．阵雨的 C．雨雪的 4． What is the purpose (目的) of this passage? A．To introduce the solar terms in winter. B．To show us how people celebrate festivals. C．To tell us the stories of different solar terms. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍冬季的六个节气，分别是立冬、小雪、大雪、冬至、小寒和大寒。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In China, there are 24 solar terms (节气) in a year. And there are six solar terms in winter.”可知，中国冬季有六个节气。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“China celebrates beginning of winter as the ‘Small Spring Festival’. People usually have dumplings and mutton soup on that day.”可知，中国北方的人们在初冬通常吃饺子和喝羊肉汤。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Greater cold comes after lesser cold. During this time, the sleety weather fills the fields with rain and snow.”可知，小寒之后是大寒。在此期间，雨夹雪的天气给田野带来雨雪。由此可推测出，下划线单词sleety最有可能得意思是“雨雪的”。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据通读全文可知，本文主要介绍冬季的六个节气，分别是立冬、小雪、大雪、冬至、小寒和大寒。由此可知，本文的主要目的是介绍冬天的节气。故选A。 Passage 6 The brush pen, one of the “Four Treasures of the Study”, was invented thousands of years ago. However, the oldest pen was just a stick or a piece of bamboo. It was difficult for people to write well on thin silk. It is said that Meng Tian, a general of the Kingdom (王国) Qin, improved the pen. When Meng was leading an army to fight against the Kingdom of Chu, he had to report the situation to his king in time. But his pen was too hard and caused him much trouble, so he was thinking of ways to improve it. One day after hunting (狩猎), Meng made his way home with some wild rabbits on the horseback. Fat and heavy, one rabbit’s tail left a long trail (痕迹) on the ground when they moved on. Suddenly a good idea came to his mind when he saw it, “If I tie the rabbit’s hair to a stick, would it be easy to write with?” After arriving home, he tied the rabbit’s hair to a stick and tried writing with it. But the rabbit’s hair was too smooth (平滑的) to write well and wasted a lot of silk. Meng was so frustrated that he threw away his “invention” into a stone hole in the yard. However, Meng never gave up and kept trying all the time. A few rainy days later, he happened to find his “invention” in a stone hole. He picked it up with hope. The brush worked beautifully on silk. It turned out that the special water had cleaned the oil from the hair. Meng succeeded at last. Thanks to Meng, the brush pen is playing a key role in Chinese culture. Today, students are taught to use the brush pens in school. It makes their life more colorful and helps them better understand Chinese culture. 1． Why did Meng Tian want to improve the pen? A．Because the king asked him to do so. B．Because he wanted to be an inventor. C．Because the pen brought him much trouble. 2． When did Meng think of the good idea in Paragraph 3? A．Before hunting animals. B．When he saw the trail. C．While cleaning the hair. 3． The underlined word “frustrated” probably means “________”. A．happy B．upset C．surprised 4． What is the main idea of the passage? A．How the brush pen was invented. B．Meng was a great inventor. C．It is important to learn Chinese culture. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了文房四宝之一——毛笔发明的传说故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But his pen was too hard and caused him much trouble, so he was thinking of ways to improve it.”可知，蒙恬的笔太硬，给他带来了很多麻烦，所以他想要改进笔。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Fat and heavy, one rabbit’s tail left a long trail on the ground when they moved on. Suddenly a good idea came to his mind when he saw it”可知，蒙恬是在看到兔子尾巴留下的痕迹时，突然想到了一个好主意。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“But the rabbit’s hair was too smooth to write well and wasted a lot of silk.”可知，兔子毛太滑，写不好字，浪费了很多丝绸，由此推断蒙恬会感到沮丧，因此“frustrated”的意思可能是“沮丧的，心烦的”，与“upset”意思相近。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了蒙恬如何发明毛笔的过程，从最初的狩猎启发，到不断尝试和改进，最终成功发明毛笔，以及毛笔在中国文化中的重要地位。因此，文章的主旨大意是毛笔是如何被发明的。故选A。 Passage 7 Nowadays, many people are worried about the eating habits of middle school students. Many students prefer fast food, snacks, and sugary drinks to healthy meals. They often don’t eat breakfast, which is important for energy and focus during the day. Some students also eat late at night, which can make it harder to sleep and cause stomach problems. When it comes to food choices, many students don’t know much about healthy eating. They often pick tasty but unhealthy foods, forgetting about the importance of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains (全谷物). This is partly because they are influenced by advertisements and friends, thinking that eating junk food is “cool”. These poor eating habits can lead to health problems. For example, some students are overweight, while others may feel tired or get sick more often. Over time, these habits can increase the risk of serious illnesses like heart disease. To stay healthy, students should pay more attention to their diet. They should eat a mix of foods, including fruits, vegetables, and foods like eggs, meat, or beans for strength. It’s also important to drink plenty of water and avoid too many sugary drinks. Parents and schools can help by offering healthy meals and teaching students about good nutrition. By making better food choices, students can feel healthier and have more energy every day. 1． What food do many students often choose for meals according to the passage? A．Tasty fast food. B．Healthy vegetables. C．Cool whole grains. 2． Why do some students choose unhealthy foods? A．Because they know much about healthy eating. B．Because they think eating junk food is “cool”. C．Because they are not afraid of illnesses. 3． What does the word "nutrition" most likely mean in Chinese? A．行为 B．意识 C．营养 4． What is the main idea of the passage? A．The introduction of middle school students’ eating habits. B．The description of middle school students’ eating habits. C．The discussion of middle school students’ eating habits. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文主要讨论了中学生的饮食习惯及其影响，并提出了改善建议。 1．细节理解题。根据“Many students prefer fast food, snacks, and sugary drinks to healthy meals.”可知，许多学生选择快餐、零食和含糖饮料，即“美味的快餐”。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“This is partly because they are influenced by advertisements and friends, thinking that eating junk food is ‘cool’.”可知，学生选择不健康食品是因为他们认为吃垃圾食品很“酷”。故选B。 3．词义猜测题。根据“Parents and schools can help by offering healthy meals and teaching students about good nutrition.”可知，“nutrition”与健康饮食相关，最可能的意思是“营养”。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。全文围绕中学生饮食习惯展开，分析现状、原因及影响，并探讨改善方法。核心是对中学生饮食习惯的“讨论”。故选C。 Passage 8 Robotaxi Go rides on a road of Wuhan Baidu’s robotaxi (萝卜快跑) is experiencing a big order (订单) increase in Wuhan, Hubei Province, which is leading to hot public discussions. Robotaxis are driverless (无人的) taxis, which makes travel faster and more comfortable. People can book robotaxis at any time of day through the Baidu apps in the pilot areas (试点区域). Taking a robotaxi is cheaper than a traditional one. The car is clean and smart, allowing passengers to choose their preferred music freely. “With no driver in the car, I can avoid communicating with others, making it easier to rest,” a local rider in Wuhan told the reporter on Wednesday. A report from Baidu shared with the Global Times showed that there are 300 driverless taxis in Wuhan. In fact, this Baidu service has been introduced to many cities in China, such as Beijing, Wuhan, Shenzhen, Chongqing, and Shanghai. However, every coin has two sides. Robotaxis have some drawbacks. “The waiting time is long, taking 8-10 minutes from order to arrival, and the driving speed is slow, not a good choice for passengers in a hurry,” one rider complained. What’s more, the rising order for lower-price robotaxi worries taxi drivers. In a word, driverless technology has entered our daily life, and it will change the world, which requires us to look at it correctly, think calmly, and actively embrace (拥抱) the arrival of each new technological change. 1． What’s the advantage of Baidu’s robotaxis? A．People can book the taxis on any apps. B．They are cheaper than traditional taxis. C．People can communicate with the driver freely. 2． What does the underlined word “drawbacks” probably mean in Paragraph 4? A．缺点 B．绘画 C．后退 3． Why are taxi drivers worried about the rise of robotaxis? A．Because robotaxis are more comfortable. B．Because robotaxis are cheaper. C．Because robotaxis are faster. 4． What is the author’s attitude (态度) towards the growth of Baidu's robotaxi business? A．Disagree. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了百度萝卜快跑在武汉订单大增引发热议，介绍了其优势、缺点以及作者对无人驾驶技术的态度。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“Taking a robotaxi is cheaper than a traditional one.”可知，百度无人出租车的优势是比传统出租车便宜。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第4段“The waiting time is long, taking 8-10 minutes from order to arrival, and the driving speed is slow, not a good choice for passengers in a hurry”可知，drawbacks意为“缺点”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第4段“What’s more, the rising order for lower-price robotaxi worries taxi drivers.”可知，出租车司机担心无人出租车是因为其更便宜。故选B。 4．观点态度题。根据文章第5段“and it will change the world, which requires us to look at it correctly, think calmly, and actively embrace the arrival of each new technological change.”可知，作者对百度无人出租车业务的发展持支持态度。故选C。 Passage 9 Have you ever gotten stung (蜇) by a bee? Well, for 18-year-old Mikaila Ulmer from the US, her first bee sting at the age of 4 was a special experience. It inspired her to make a difference and turned her into an entrepreneur. The bee sting scared Mikaila, but it also made her interested in the insect. She soon learned how important bees are for the planet and how they are at risk of dying out. At not even 5 years old, Mikaila wanted to do something to help save the bees. With her parents’ help, she set up a lemonade stand in her front yard. She used her grandmother’s homemade lemonade recipe and added a little bit of honey to it. The money from every lemonade she sold went to bee protection groups. But Mikaila wanted to do more. She made her special recipe into a product, called Me and the Bees Lemonade. At the age of 10, she went on a TV show with her dad to try to get funding and public attention. It worked. Now, more than 10 years since her first lemonade, she sells five different drink products available at many restaurants and stores across the country. In 2020, Mikaila brought out a book about her experience as an entrepreneur called Bee Fearless, Dream Like a Kid. As she explained to CNBC, “I always say that it’s important to dream like a kid, and as a kid, it’s the perfect age to start figuring out what you enjoy and trying new things and taking risks.” 1． The underlined word “entrepreneur” is similar to _______. A．bee keeper B．scientist C．businesswoman 2． How did Mikaila make money at age 5? A．She sold her parents’ lemonade stand. B．She sold lemonade drinks with honey. C．She sold her grandmother’s lemonade recipe. 3． What is “Me and the Bees Lemonade”? A．It’s a drink product Mikaila made. B．It’s the name of a company. C．It is a book about Mikaila’s experience. 4． What would be the best title for the passage? A．I love the bee sting! B．A “bee” girl. C．Goodbye, bees! 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了一个女孩在4岁的时候被蜜蜂蜇了，她了解到蜜蜂濒临灭绝，这激励她想做点什么来帮助拯救蜜蜂，并让她成为一名企业家的故事。 1．词义猜测题。根据“It inspired her to make a difference and turned her into an entrepreneur.”；“The money from every lemonade she sold went to bee protection groups.”以及“In 2020, Mikaila brought out a book about her experience as an entrepreneur called Bee Fearless, Dream Like a Kid.”可知，Mikaila开始利用这个契机做了生意，因此entrepreneur表示“企业家”，等同于businesswoman。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“At not even 5 years old, Mikaila wanted to do something to help save the bees.”以及“The money from every lemonade she sold went to bee protection groups.”可知，Mikaila5岁的时候通过卖柠檬水饮料赚钱。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“he made her special recipe into a product, called Me and the Bees Lemonade.”可知，“我和蜜蜂柠檬水”是Mikaila制造的一种饮料。故选A。 4．标题归纳题。通读全文可知，这篇短文主要讲述了一个女孩在4岁的时候被蜜蜂蜇了，她了解到蜜蜂濒临灭绝，这激励她想做点什么来帮助拯救蜜蜂，并让她成为一名企业家的故事。因此选项B“一个‘蜜蜂’女孩”是最佳的标题。故选B。 Passage 10 China is a great country with rich produce. Many of them are popular at home and abroad. Let’s take a look at some of them. Potatoes in Xinjiang The special weather in Xinjiang helps it grow many different foods. For example, high-quality potatoes from Baicheng county, Xinjiang, are very popular in overseas (海外的) markets. Sunflower seeds in Shandong Sunflower seeds are one of the most popular snacks in China. People in many Southeast Asian countries, like Thailand and Vietnam, also like them. A company in Shandong has a huge sunflower planting base. The sunflower seeds there are usually sent to Qingdao port. Then, people transport (运输) them by sea to the whole world. Radishes (萝卜) in Tongliang In Tongliang, Chongqing, radishes are important for making money and creating jobs. Farmers can grow radishes by the Fujiang River three times a year thanks to good water and soil. As there are so many good radishes, they are sent to other countries. Trucks take them to Yunnan Hekou port, and then they go to Southeast Asian countries, like Vietnam. Caviar (鱼子酱) in Zhejiang Caviar, for most Chinese people, is a foreign specialty. However, about 60 percent of the world’s caviar production now takes place in China. In Quzhou, Zhejiang, caviar production has become a big industry. Its products are transported around the world through cold chain logistics (冷链物流). Sometimes, it takes only 24 hours for people overseas to enjoy this delicious food. 1． Why can different foods grow in Xinjiang? A．For its large areas. B．For its special weather C．For its hard-working people. 2． What do sunflower seeds in Shandong and radishes in Tongliang have in common? A．Both can be grown three times in one year. B．Both are popular in Southeast Asian countries. C．Both are very popular snacks at home and abroad. 3． What does the underlined word “specialty” in the last paragraph mean? A．奢侈品 B．农产品 C．特色食品 4． What can be the best title for this passage? A．Food Travels the World B．Different Food Grows around China C．Good Water and Soil Help Food Grow Well 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国不同地区有特色的农产品，包括新疆的土豆、山东的葵花籽、重庆铜梁的萝卜以及浙江衢州的鱼子酱。 1．细节理解题。根据“The special weather in Xinjiang helps it grow many different foods.”可知，新疆特殊的天气有助于它种植许多不同的食物。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“People in many Southeast Asian countries, like Thailand and Vietnam, also like them.”以及“Trucks take them to Yunnan Hekou port, and then they go to Southeast Asian countries, like Vietnam.”可知，山东的葵花籽和重庆铜梁的萝卜的共同点是都受到东南亚国家的欢迎。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Caviar, for most Chinese people, is a foreign specialty. However, about 60 percent of the world’s caviar production now takes place in China.”可知，对于大多数中国人来说，鱼子酱是一种外国的特色食品，但现在世界上约60%的鱼子酱产量在中国，结合选项可推测出“specialty”意思是“特色食品”。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。根据“China is a great country with rich produce. Many of them are popular at home and abroad. Let’s take a look at some of them.”以及全文对新疆土豆、山东葵花籽、重庆铜梁萝卜和浙江衢州鱼子酱这些中国不同地区特色农产品的介绍可知，本文主要围绕中国不同地区的特色农产品走向世界展开，所以最佳标题是“食物走向世界”。故选A。 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $