Unit 1 Past and present--Grammar 课时练 2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

8B Unit1 Past and present 课时练 Period3 Grammar 1. 现在完成时的用法 (1)现在完成时既涉及过去,又联系现在。表示过去发生的某一动作,现在已经完成,对现在造成的影响或结果。 I nave studied Japanese for three years. 我学习日语已经3年了。 (2) 表示过去某一时刻发生,且延续到现在的动作或状态,这种情况常与表示一段时间的状语连用。 We have lived here since last October.自从去年十月份我们就住在这儿了。 (3) 表示已做过的事情重复几次。 2.现在完成时的时间状语 现在完成时常与already,yet,just,ever, never,before,recently,so far,over the years,"for+一段时间"及"since+过去时间点"连用。具体用法如下: 标志词 用法 例句 already 意为"已经",常用于肯定句中。用于疑问句时表示惊讶、怀疑的语气。 He's already read the newspaper。他已经读过了这份报纸。 yet 意为"还(未);已经",常用于否定句和疑问句句尾。 -Have you spoken to Mr Green yet?你已经和格林先生说了吗? -No. He hasn't come in yet。没。他还没有进来。 just 意为"刚刚",常用于肯定句中。 I have just come back from Nanjing。我刚从南京回来。 ever 意为"曾经",常用于疑问句中。 Have you ever visited the Great Wall? 你曾参观过长城吗? never 表示否定,意为"从未". I've never heard of that man before。我以前从未听说过那个人。 for for后跟表示时间段短语,如for months, for a few days, for a long time. We have waited for about three hours。我们已等了大约三小时。 since 意为"自......以来",后跟表示过去的时间点或从句,如since 2010, since two days ago, since I was born. I've known my friend since 2016。自从2016年,我就认识我朋友了。 recently 意为"最近;不久前;近来",指过去不久的某一时刻的时候,常和一般过去时连用;指过去不久到现在的一段时间的时候,常和现在完成时连用。 The bridge was built recently.这座桥是最近建造的。 Recently, the air in our town has improved a lot.最近,我们镇上的空气有了很大的改善。 before 意为"以前",常用于句末。 She has been to Beijing with her parents before. 她以前和父母一起去过北京。 over / in/ during the last/past few years 意为"在过去的几年里"。 常用于句末。 My hometown has changed a lot over the last ten years.我的家乡在过去的十年里发生了许多变化。 so far 意为"到目前为止,迄今为止"。可以用于句首或句末。 So far, we have learnt about 3 thousand new words. 到目前为止我们已经学习了大约三千个新单词。 3.现在完成时的句式结构 肯定句: 主语+助动词have/ has+过去分词+其他. 否定句: 主语+助动词have/ has+not+过去分词+其他. 一般疑问句:助动词Have/ Has+主语+过去分词+其他? 肯定回答语:Yes,I/we/you/they have; Yes,he/she/it has. 否定回答语:No,I/we/you/they haven’t; No,he/she/it hasn’t. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ 助动词have/ has+主语+过去分词+其他? 4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时:强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响或结果,与现在有关。 一般过去时:仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作,与现在无关。 他已学英语五年了。He has studied English for five years.(说明他还会继续学下去) 他曾学过五年英语。He studied English for five years.(只说明他过去学过五年英语,但现在不学了。) I've lived here for ten years. 我在这里住了10年。(现在仍住这儿) I lived here for ten years. 我在这里住过10年。(现在不住这儿了) He has bought a house. 他买了一栋房子。 (现在已拥有这房子) He bought a house ten years ago. 他10年前买了一栋房子。(现在是否仍拥有这房子不清楚) 练一练: 一、写出下列动词的过去分词: begin drink ring sing swim , drive rise write ride , learn burn dream mean , feed meet bleed feel keep sweep sleep speed lead , do go , break speak freeze steal , take shake mistake , spend lend send build , pay say lay , bring think buy fight teach catch grow know blow throw fly , eat beat , smell spell , read spread hurt hit cut shut put cost , let come become run ,stand understand , bear wear , sell tell , draw choose leave shine lie see make dig get forget say hold light lose stick tell wake find 二、用括号中所给动词的适当形式完成下列句子。 1. Mary (lose) her pen. Now she can’t enter her house. 2. you (find) your watch yet? 3. —Are you thirsty? —No, I just (have) some orange. 4. We already (return) the book. 5. they (build) a new school in the village? 6. Wu Dong (be) a soldier for one year. 7. The students (study) in the middle school since last month. 8. How long you (know) him? 9. Li Ping and Wu Dong (see) the old man three times. 10. she ever (teach) you English? 三、单项选择。 ( )1.She_ English for 3 years. A.studied B.studies C.has studied D.is studied ( )2.I heard the boy _in the classroom just now. A.to shout B.shouting C.shouts D.shouted ( )3.Mr Zhang _ in Beijing since 1990. A.work B.works C.worked D.has worked ( )4. — Beibei, is Mr. Chen in the office? — No. He for half an hour. A. left B. has left C. has been away D.leaves ( )5. — Is Miss Green in the office? — No, she _ to the library. A. goes B. had goes C. has gone D. would go ( )6. — A new shop _ for a week . Let’s have a look there. — Good idea. But it doesn’t _ on Mondays. A. opened; opened B. has been opened; open C. has opened; opened D. has been open; open ( )7.—Where is Lucy? —She_ to New York. A. goes B.has been C.has gone D.have gone ( )8.The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years . A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written ( )9.Have you met Mr. Li _? A. just B. ago C.before D.a moment ago ( )10.-How long have you _ here ? -About two months . A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived ( )11.-Our country _ a lot so far . -Yes. I hope it will be even _ . A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good C. has changed ; better D. changed; better ( )12.-_ you _ your homework yet ? -Yes. I _ it a moment ago. A.Did; do; finished B.Have; done; finished C.Have; done; have finished D. will; do; finish ( )13.We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew ( )14.Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ it twice. A. will see B. have seen C. saw D.see ( )15.-These farmers have been to the United States. -Really? When _ there ? A. will they go B.did they go C. do they go D. have they gone ( )16.Zhou Lan _already _in this school for two years . A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are; studying ( )17.His father _ the Party since 1998 . A.joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in ( )18. I haven’t seen you _ last Friday. A. for B. since C. from D. on ( ) 19. — John, you _ the computer game for two hours. It’s bad for your eyes. Stop, please! — OK, Mum. A. played B. have played C. were playing D. play ( ) 20.I won’t go to the concert because I _ my ticket. A. lost B. don’t lose C. have lost D. will lost 答案: 一、写出下列动词的过去分词: 答案参照(不规则单词P146-147) 二、用括号中所给动词的适当形式完成下列句子。 1-5 has lost, Have found, have had, have returned, Have built 6-10 has been, have studied, have known, have seen, Has taught 三、单项选择。 1-5 CBDCC 6-10 DCDCA 11-15 CBCBB 16-20CDBBC 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $