专题 02 七下Unit 2 单词短语句型语法（知识全梳理&考点精准练）（寒假预习讲义）七年级英语新教材译林版

专题02 Unit 2 Neighbourhood单词短语句型和语法 单元主题句 Close neighbours are better than distant relatives. 远亲不如近邻。 【Welcome to the unit】 知识要点 【知识点】neighbour （cn.）可数名词 附近的人或物，侧重“人” neighbourhood n. 临近街区，居民区，侧重“地方” 【知识点】job(cn.)工作（p19） 辨析work&job work （un.）不可数名词 泛指工作、劳动或职业。 job （cn.）可数名词 具体的、有报酬的职业或工作。 【句型】询问职业的句型（3种） （1） ________________________ （2） ________________________ （3） ________________________ 【教材原文】Police station 警察局/ Police officer警察（p19） 【知识点】police n.警察部门；警方（集体名词，常与______连用，作主语谓语动词用______。） e.g.The police are searching for the suspect.警方正在搜查嫌疑人。 【知识点】station n.站，所，局 在此意为“站，所，局”，还有“车站”的含义。常用来构成复合名词。 radio station 广播电台 bus station公交汽车站 train/railway station火车站 subway station 地铁站 TV station电视台 gas/petrol station加油站 ( v.（动词）喜欢 【反义词】 ______ prep. （介词）像 【反义词】 ______ )【教材原文】What’s your neighbourhood like?（p19） 【知识点】What+be+主语+like？ 该句型意为“......是什么样的？”或“......怎么样？” 常用来询问某人的性格或是品质，也可以用于询问物品的特点。 e.g.—What's your friend like? 你朋友是什么样的人？—My friend is generous.我的朋友很大方。 e.g.—What's your school like?你的学校怎么样？—It's big and clean.又大又干净。 【句型】询问长相的句型（3种） （1） ________________________（既可以问长相也可以问性格） （2） ________________________ （3） ________________________ 【教材原文】They are always ready to help others.（p19） 【知识点】ready （1）ready adj. 准备好的 【常用结构】①准备好做某事________________________ ②为......做好准备________________________（= prepare for sth.） （2） ready adj. 乐意的 【常用结构】乐意做某事______________________=________________________ 【教材原文】Well,Mr Zhang lives above us.（p19） 【知识点】above （1） prep.在(或向)……上面 （2） adv.在(或向)上面 e.g.You need to finish the exercises above by six.你需要在六点前完成上面的习题。 辨析：on,over与above on 表示一物在另一物的表面上，强调两者接触。 The English book is on the desk. 英语书在桌子上。 over 表示一物在另一物的正上方，两者不接触，对应词是under。 There is a bridge over the small river. 小河上有一座桥。 above 表示一物在另一物的上方，不一定是正上方，两者不接触，对应词是below。 The plane is flying above the clouds. 飞机正飞越云层。 【教材原文】He helps us learn about laws at the community centre from time to time.（p19） 【知识点】law n.法律，法规；规则 — _________ n.[名词]律师 【常用结构】 （1） _______________违反法律 （2） _______________遵守法律 （3） _______________制定法律 （4） _______________按照法律规定 【知识点】from time to time 有时；偶尔；不时的 与____________和____________同义 巩固练习 一、根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词 1. The old woman often takes her dog for a walk around the _________(街区) after supper. And it’s a good time for her to meet and talk with her _________(邻居). 2. I hope all _________(官员) can pay more attention(注意力) to the education of young people. 3. In our _________(社区), there is a Helping Hand Club. Volunteers in the club do lots of things for others. 4. —Come on, Alice! The school bus will get to the stop s_________ soon. —Well, let’s run! 5. The two Chinese r__________ on Centre Street are good. We can go to either one for lunch. 二、用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空 1. I enjoy ________(cook) very much, and I expect to be a great ________(cook) like my uncle. 2. There are over 50,000 _________(law) practising in England and Wales. 3.—Our school is collecting the donating materials（捐赠物资）. —They will be sent to those living __________（community）in that city. 4. She has a warm heart and is always ready ________（help） those in need. 5. The ticket _________（officer）is open until 5 p.m. from Monday to Friday. 三、单项选择 ( )1. The temperature in Suzhou is about 9 degrees. It is ______ 15 degrees and 20 degrees in Guangzhou. In Hainan, it will stay ______ 20 degrees. So Suzhou has the lowest temperature. A. among; above B. between; above C. among; over D. between; below ( )2. —Excuse me, haven’t you learned the new traffic ______? Everyone in a car must wear the seat belt. —Sorry, we get it. A. record B. view C. lights D. law ( )3. —Morning, Johnson. Juice or coffee? —Coffee, please. It can get me fresh and ready ______ my day. A. start B. to start C. for starting D. starting ( )4. All the students should look out of the window to relax their eyes ______ while reading, or they will have poor eyesight. A. all the time B. from time to time C. at a time D. on time 四、句子翻译 1. 你的英语老师是什么样的人？ ________ your English teacher _________? 2. 我妈妈是一名警察，她在警察局工作。 My mother is ____________ and she ______________. 3. 她试图帮助别人学习法律。 She tries to _____________________. 4. 我们在社区中心有一个庆祝活动。 We have a celebration __________________________. 【Reading】 【教材原文】They are kind and helpful.（p20） 【知识点】helpful adj. 愿意帮忙的；有用的 —_________【反义词】adj.无助的 由“help(n.帮助)+-ful(形容词后缀)”构成，在句中可作表语或定语。 e.g.Millie is helpful and she gets along well with her classmates.(helpful作表语) 米莉很乐于助人，她和同学们相处得很好。 Simon is a warm-hearted and helpful person.(helpful作定语) 是一个热心且乐于助人的人。 【常用结构】___________________对……有用 e.g.The book should be helpful to parents.这本书对父母应该很有用。 【教材原文】Some of them are volunteers.(P20) 【知识点】volunteer （1） volunteer （cn.）可数名词 志愿者 （2） volunteer v.自愿做；义务做 【常用结构】①自愿做某事___________________ ②自愿为某事效劳___________________ ③自愿作为___________________ 【教材原文】Are you going to ask for help this weekend?(P20) 【知识点】ask v.“询问，要求” 【常用结构】 ①（向某人）请求得到某物___________________ ②询问某人关于......的事情___________________ ③要求某人（不要）做某事___________________ 【教材原文】There’s something wrong with my laptop. My sister Annie’s bicycles is broken.(P20) 【知识点】 There is something wrong with.………出了问题。 该结构相当于“__________________________________”。 e.g.There is something wrong with my bicycle./Something is wrong with my bicycle. 【句型】 ①表达“某物坏/失灵了” （1） __________________________________ （2） __________________________________ （3） __________________________________ （4） __________________________________ （5） __________________________________ e.g.There's something wrong with my watch. =Something is wrong with my watch. =My watch is not working well. =My watch doesn't work. =My watch is broken. ②表达某物没坏 （1） __________________________________ （2） __________________________________ （3） __________________________________ 【知识点】broken adj. 出了毛病的，破损的 在句中可作表语或定语。 e.g.The bridge is broken in the middle,and part of it is carried away.(作表语) 桥的中间断了，一部分被冲走了。 Could you help me fix up the broken chair?(作定语) 你能帮我修一下这把坏椅子吗? 【补充】broken做形容词还有“折断的，骨折的”的含义 e.g.The boy's left leg is broken.那个男孩的左腿骨折了。 【教材原文】I’m going to ask a computer engineer to check it.(P20) 【知识点】check v.&n.检查，核查 e.g.Before handing in your paper,check if your name and number are correct.(作动词) 交卷之前，检查一下你的姓名和号码是否正确。 Could you give the tyres a check?(作名词) 你能检查一下轮胎吗? 【补充】check可以作名词表示“支票” e.g.Can I pay by check?我可以用支票支付吗? 【教材原文】My sister Annie’s bicycles is broken，so she is going to have someone repair it .(P20) 【知识点】have v.“使；让” 【常用结构】 让某人做某事________________(= make/let sb. do sth.) e.g.I have the barber cut my hair.我让理发师给我剪了头发。 【知识点】repair v.&n.修理 侧重于修理破损的东西或构造较复杂的东西，如房屋、车辆、电视等。 e.g.It was a really difficult job to repair the car because it was old and broken.(作动词) 修理这辆车真是一件困难的工作，因为它又旧又破。 The building was in need of repair.(作名词)这座大楼需要维修了。 【教材原文】Can anyone there help kids with their homework ?(P20) 【知识点】anyone pron.“任何人”=____________ anyone是由“any +one”构成的复合不定代词，常用于疑问句或否定句中。如果用在肯定句中，则表示“无论谁，随便哪个人”。 e.g.Nancy didn't know anyone in the new school. 南希在新学校里一个人都不认识。 I believe anyone like me will learn a lot from these books. 我相信任何像我这样的人都会从这些书中学到很多东西。 辨析anyone与any one anyone 仅指人，后不能接表示范围的of短语。 He told her not to tell anyone. 他叮嘱她不要告诉任何人。 any one 即可指人，也可指物；后可接表示范围的of短语。 —Which pen would you like?你想要哪一支钢笔？ —Any one will do. 哪一支都可以。（指物） —I don’t know any one of the students. 这些学生中我一个也不认识。（指人） 【教材原文】Some college students are willing to help.(教材P20) 【知识点】be willing to do sth.乐意做某事 相当于_______________。 willing→[形容词]愿意，乐意→ __________（反义词）adj.不愿意的 e.g.Mary is always willing to help her classmates.玛丽总是乐意帮助她的同学。 【教材原文】Do the old people get any help as well ?(P20) 【知识点】as well 辨析：too;either;also&as well too 常用于肯定句或疑问句的句末，其前加不加逗号均可。 I can help you,too. Can I come too？ either 常用于否定句句末，其前通常不加逗号。 My father can’t go there either. also 常用于肯定句句中，一般放在连系动词be、情态动词、助动词后，实义动词之前。 Mary is also 15 years old. She also has milk for breakfast. as well 常用于肯定句或疑问句末，其前不加逗号。 She can sing and dance as well. Are they coming as well? 【教材原文】The volunteers often visit the old people and do some shopping for them.(P20) 【知识点】do some shopping do some shopping动词短语，意为“买东西”，也可说do the shopping. "do some/the + v.-ing"形式的短语: do some/the cleaning 打扫卫生do some/the reading 读书 do some/the washing 洗衣服 do some/the cooking 做饭 do some/the writing 写作 【教材原文】This weekend, they’ll help the old people tidy their flats.(P20) 【知识点】tidy adj.整洁的；井井有条的—【反义词】adj.不整洁的_______ tidy v.整理；使整洁【短语】①整理某物_________②整理好；收拾好_________ 【教材原文】You’re lucky to live in such a nice neighbourhood, Simon.(P20) 【知识点】lucky adj.幸运的 否定前缀_______ —_________ n.幸运 —_________adv.幸运地 【常用结构】①做某事（感到）很幸运____________________ ②压岁钱____________________ ③幸运儿____________________ 【知识点】such det.&pron. （1） such作限定词（修饰名词，表示“这样的/如此的”） e.g. It's such a beautiful day.这真是美好的一天。 （2） such作代词（指代前文提到的人/事/物） e.g. Some students are late often,and such should be punished. 有些学生总是迟到，这些学生该受到惩罚。 辨析so&such such 限定词 such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数 She’s such a little monkey. 她真是一个小捣蛋鬼。 such+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词 It’s a pity to waste such delicious food. 浪费这么好吃的食物真是可惜。 so 副词 so+adj./adv. They all looked so nice and cute. 她们看起来都这么漂亮可爱。 so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数 She is so nice a girl. 她是一个如此好的女孩。 so+many/much/few/little+名词 I’m afraid so little water won’t be enough to drink. 就这么点儿水,我怕不够喝。 【补充】“such+a/an +adj.+可数名词单数”可与“so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数”进行转换。 e.g.It is such a nice gift.=It is so nice a gift.它是一个如此漂亮的礼物 【教材原文】Why not be a volunteer at our community centre？（p22） 【知识点】Why not be a/an...?为什么不成为一名......? 【句型】提建议的句型 （1） 为什么不做某事 _________________________ （2） 你为什么不做某事呢？ _________________________ （3） 做某事怎么样？ _________________________ （4） 咱们做某事吧！ _________________________ （5） 你想要做某事吗？ _________________________ 【教材原文】Join us and we can plan these activities together!(P22) 【知识点】祈使句+and/or+陈述句 祈使句常表示条件或假设，后面的陈述句常表示结果或推论，陈述句的谓语常用一般将来时或含有情态动词。and“那么”，表示顺承；or“否则，要不然”，表示相反的结果或推论。 e.g. Read more book, and you will improve your reading skills. 多读书，你就会提高你的阅读技能。 Hurry up,or we will be late. 快点，否则我们会迟到。 【知识点】join v.加入…之中, 加入, 参与, 连接, 会合, 上（车等） 辨析join、join in、take part in&attend join ①join sb. join us ②join +组织、团体、党派、俱乐部 join the Party/army/club ③join sb. in（doing）sth.与某人一起做某事 She joined her friends in playing tennis. join in join in+小规模的游戏、比赛、娱乐活动 We all joined in the singing. take part in take part in+大型活动（参与性高） He took part in the school sports meeting. attend attend出席参加正式活动 Attend meeting/wedding 【知识点】plan （1） plan v.计划— _________（三单）— _________（现在分词）— _________（过去式） 【常用结构】计划做某事_____________________ （2） plan n.计划；规划 【常用结构】①制定计划（做某事）_____________________ ②为......制定一个计划_____________________ 【教材原文】Join us and give back to our community.加入我们，回馈社会。 【知识点】give back to 归还；返还 【常用结构】将某物归还给某人_____________________(= return sth. to sb.) 【教材原文】Let's keep it looking nice.(教材P22) 【知识点】keep sb./sth.doing sth.让某人/某物一直做某事 【补充】keep的用法 （1） ______________保持...... e.g. Please keep quiet in the library!保持在图书馆里请保持安静! （2） ________________ 让某人/某物保持…… e.g. Put on the coat.It can keep you warm.穿上外套，它能让你暖和。 （3）________________继续/重复做某事 e.g. Keep working hard,and you will succeed.继续努力，你会成功的。 In spite of the noise outside,he kept on reading.他无视外面的嘈杂声，继续读书。 （4）_________________阻止某人做某事 e.g. We should keep them from cutting down trees.我们应该阻止他们砍树。 巩固练习 一、根据句意及所给的汉语提示写出单词。 1. The task needs the skills of an experienced _________ (工程师). 2. There is something wrong with my _________ (笔记本电脑). 3. These years, _____ (学院) students find it more and more difficult to get jobs after leaving school. 4. Boys, your father decided to _________ (修理) the car this weekend. Want to help? 5. Look out, there’s _________ (破损的) glass on the floor. Don’t get your feet hurt. 6. Sir, please show your tickets. Let me _________ (检查) them. 7. There are three _________ (社区) centres in our neighbourhood. 8. I think it’s a good idea to _________ (自愿做) in the old people’s home. 9. You can ask _________ (任何人) here. They can all answer your questions. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. I spent the whole morning cleaning and ______ (tidy) my new bedroom. 2. Your ideas are different from those _________ (engineer). 3. Miss Lin told her students _________ (check) not their homework carefully after finishing it. 4. After the rainstorm, fallen trees and ______ (break) windows are everywhere. 5. —What about ______ (repair) your mobile phone by yourself? —I’m afraid I can’t. 三、单项填空 （ ）1. (2023南京玄武一模)Boys and girls, follow your heart and never let ______ take away your dreams. A. no one B. anyone C. someone D. everyone （ ）2. —At lunch time, if you sit by yourself, will you feel lonely? —Maybe I will. If so, I might join ______ at their table. A. everyone B. anyone C. someone D. none （ ）3. —Where is your brother with blonde curly hair, Andy? —I’m not sure. Maybe he ______ his room at the moment. A. tidies B. is tidying C. is going to tidy D. tidied （ ）4. —We are planning to volunteer to help the old. Would you like to join us? —______. Any time is OK. A. I’m afraid not B. Of course C. Take it easy D. That depends （ ）5.（2023 南京中考）Before visiting a foreign country, you’d better ______ what the local people usually do, so you won’t make mistakes. A. check B. doubt C. plan D. show （ ）6. —Let’s make a weekly plan ______ the coming holiday! —Sure, we plan ______ have a trip to the mountains. A. to; for B. for; to C. for; for D. to; to 四、根据汉语补全句子 1. 她乐意与她的朋友们分享东西。 She is _________ _________ _________ _________ __________ her friends. 2. 我的洗衣机坏了，我要请大学生们修理一下。 My washing machine ________ ________. I want to ask _______ ________ ________ ________ it. 3. 我的电脑没什么问题。谢谢你的关心。 ________ ________ ________ ________ _________my computer. Thanks for your care. 4. 社区中心是一个让我们可以互相帮助和学习新事物的好地方。 ________ ________ ________ is a great place where we can ________ ________ ________ and learn new things. 5. 暑假期间，我想在当地图书馆做志愿者。 ________ ________ ________ ________ at the local library during the summer holiday. 6. 你很幸运将从邻居处得到帮助。 You will ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ _________ _________ __________. 【Grammar】 【教材原文】 First,we’ll pick up the rubbish in the park.(P23) 【知识点】pick up “捡起；拾起” pick up 为“动词+副词”型短语 pick+名词+up=pick up+名词 pick+人称代词+up 【补充】pick up的其他常见义项： 1. I called you last night, but you didn’t pick up. _______________ 2. Shall we go to the airport to pick up your sister? _______________ 3. Will you pick up all your toys? _______________ 【知识点】rubbish n.【不可数名词】“垃圾；废弃物” 【常用结构】 a rubbish bag/bin 垃圾袋/桶 household rubbish 生活垃圾 throw rubbish everywhere 到处乱认垃圾 take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 【补充】rubbish作n.“劣质的东西” e.g. I thought the movie was a rubbish. 我认为这部电影很劣质。 【教材原文】Will you work if it rains?(P23) 【知识点】if conj.“如果” （1） if 在此作连词，意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句，从句可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。 （2） 在含有if引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句用一般将来时从句要用一般现在时表示将来，即遵循“主将从现”的原则 e.g. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking. I’ll only stay if you offer me help. 【教材原文】 But why are you in a hurry?(P24) 【知识点】in a hurry 匆忙 （1） hurry 作名词n.“匆忙；急忙” 【常用结构】①急于做某事________________________ ②不着急(做某事)________________________ （2） hurry 作动词v.“匆忙；赶快” 【常用结构】①快点__________________ ②匆忙做某事 __________________ ③匆忙去某地__________________=__________________ 【教材原文】 I am going to invite my friend Bill?(P24) 【知识点】invite v.“邀请” — __________ n.“邀请；请柬” 【常用结构】①邀请某人做某事：__________________ ②邀请某人到某地/参加某活动_______________________ e.g. Don't forget to invite Miss Lee to our party.不要忘记邀请李老师参加我们的聚会。 He invited us to visit his hometown in his email.他在电子邮件中邀请我们参观他的家乡。 【语法精讲】一般将来时（will;be going to） 一、基本概念 一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成，shall 用于第一人称，will用于第二、三人称。除英国外的说英语的国家，在陈述句中，即使在第一人称一般也用will，在英国也有这种趋势。在口语中，常用shall, will的缩写形式为’ll , 如：I’ll, you’ll等。shall not的缩写式为：shan’t, will not 的缩写式为：won’t. 2、 结构 will be going to will/shall+动词原形 am/is/are going to+动词原形 肯定句 She will have a picnic tomorrow. She is going to have a picnic tomorrow. 否定句 She will not（=won’t）have a picnic tomorrow. She is not（=isn't） going to have a picnic tomorrow. 一般疑问句 Will she have a picnic tomorrow? Yes,she will. / No, she won’t Is she going to have a picnic tomorrow? Yes,she is. / No, she isn’t 特殊疑问句 She will have a picnic tomorrow. What will she do? She is going to have a picnic tomorrow. What is she going to do tomorrow? 3、 时间状语（标志词） 1.tomorrow系列：tomorrow morning 2.next 系列：next week、next year、next month、next Sunday 3. this系列： this year、this Sunday、this weekend 4. in系列： in an hour、in two days 5.其他：from now on；in the future；soon；some day等。 四、考点 【考点】区别：will&be going to will型一般将来时的基本用法 be going to型一般将来时的基本用法 ①表示说话人说话时所做的决定。（临时决定） e.g.I'm hungry.I’ll buy a hamburger. （饿了才决定买汉堡） ①表示主观上打算在将来的某时要做某事(事先计划),通常译作"计划；打算；准备"等。 e.g.I'm going to buy a hamburger after school. （早就计划放学后买汉堡） ②无明显迹象，主观判断/客观必然 e.g.I think it will be sunny tomorrow. （主观觉得明天晴天） e.g.The sun will rise in the east tomorrow. （自然规律客观必然） ②表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为某事即将发生。 e.g.Look at the dark clouds!It's going to rain. 看那些乌云!要下雨了。 ③表意愿、承诺、礼貌请求 e.g.I’ll help you with your English.（意愿） I will keep my promise.（承诺） Will you please open the window?（请求） 【考点】There be句型用于一般将来时 will: ___________________________ be going to: ___________________________ 【翻译】今天下午有一场足球比赛 will: _________________________________________________ be going to: ______________________________________________ 巩固练习 一、单项选择 （ ）1 . The teacher, along with her students, ________ to the museum tomorrow. A.are going B.is going C.go D.goes （ ）2. There________ a concert in our school hall tomorrow evening. A.is going to be B.was C.will have D.is （ ）3. Tony ________ the Great Wall with his classmates next Sunday. A.visited B.visits C.will visit D.is visiting （ ）4．There _____ a “helping hands” meeting at our school hall ______ the afternoon of 19 May. A．is going to be; on B．will be; in C.is going to have; on D.will have; in （ ）5．I hope all my friends ________ to the evening party tomorrow. A．to come B．coming C．will come D．comes （ ）6. It's very cold. I think it ________ snow. A. will B. is going to C. won't D. isn't going to （ ）7. -What are you going to do this evening? -I ________ watch TV. A. am B. am going to C. will D. B and C （ ）8.I hope you ________ a car ________. A．will have; of your own B．will have; to your own C．to have; to my own D．to have; of your own （ ）9.— The weather report says that it ________ tomorrow in most parts of our city. — If it ________ tomorrow, the sports meeting will be held next week. A.will rain; will rain B.will rain; rains C.rains; will rain D.rains; rains 二、所给词的适当形式填空 1. People ________ (not use) paper money in the future. They’ll use digital payments. 2 . —Who ________(tidy) the old people’s house tomorrow? —Miss Wang and Mrs Li are. 3 . —Look at the dark clouds. It ________ (rain) soon. 4.If you see the dark clouds in the sky, you’ll know it (rain). 5.Michael (teach) in a school in Yunnan from February to June next year. 6. — I’m afraid I missed the bus. — Don’t worry. Another bus ____________ (come) soon. 三、完成句子 1 . Daniel often goes hiking with his friends in his free time. （用 next month 改写句子） Daniel ___________ ___________ hiking with his friends next month. 2 . The exchange students’ welcome party will be on Friday afternoon.（对画线部分提问） ________ welcome party ________ be on Friday afternoon? 3. Leo is going to visit the Great Wall next Friday. (改为同义句) Leo ___________ ___________ the Great Wall next Friday. 【Pronunciation-Integration】 【知识点】notice n.“通知” （p26） （1） n.(可数名词）“通知；通告” 【翻译】张贴通知：___________________ （2） n.（不可数名词）“注意；理会；察觉” 【常用结构】①注意（到）___________________ ②不注意；不理会___________________ （3） v. “注意到；察觉到” 【常用结构】①注意到某人做了某事（动作全过程或经常）___________________ ②注意到某人正在做某事，强调动作正在进行___________________ 【教材原文】Please look at the information below (P26) 【知识点】information n.“消息；信息” information是一个_________名词常与介词on或about连用。 【常用短语】 ①一条信息 ___________________ ②一些信息___________________ ③询问信息___________________ 【知识点】below （1）below作副词adv.在(或到)下面 e.g. For further information on tomorrow's weather,call the hotline below. 如欲查询明天的天气情况，请拨打以下热线。 (2)below作介词prep. ①(地方或位置)在(或到)……下面 e.g. There stands a chair below the window.窗户下面放着一把椅子。 ②(数量、水平等)在……以下，低于 e.g. The temperature in our hometown usually drops below zero in winter. 冬天我们家乡的气温通常降到零摄氏度以下。 辨析below&under below 表示在某物的下方，但不一定是正下方。 反义词：above under 表示在某物的正下方。 反义词：over 【教材原文】Do you have a fever or a sore throat?(P26) 【知识点】have a fever发烧 表示身体部位不适的___________________型短语还有： have a cold感冒 have a cough咳嗽 have a headache头痛 have a toothache牙痛 have a stomachache胃痛 have an earache耳朵痛have a backache背痛 have a sore throat嗓子痛 【教材原文】Are you having trouble sleeping? (P26) 【知识点】trouble （1）trouble[不可数名词]问题，困难，麻烦 【常用结构】 ①做某事有困难_____________________（trouble可换成__________或__________） ②在某方面有困难_____________________ ③陷入困境_____________________ ④处于困境中_____________________ e.g. I have trouble(=difficulty/problems)making him understand. 我无法给他解释清楚。 I have some trouble with my pronunciation. 我在发音方面有些困难。 If you get/run into trouble,you can ask the police for help. 如果你遇到麻烦，你可以向警察求助。 We shouldn't laugh at others when they are in trouble. 当别人有困难时，我们不应该嘲笑他们。 （2）trouble[动词]麻烦；折磨；使烦恼 e.g. May I trouble you to pass me the salt?麻烦您把盐递给我好吗? 【谚语】Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.不要自找麻烦。 【教材原文】Our engineers are here to help you deal with these problem! (P26) 【知识点】deal with “处理；应付” （与________搭配） —__________（同义词）与________搭配 e.g.How should I deal with this problem?=What should I do with this problem? 我该怎样处理这个问题? 【教材原文】Are you wondering what to wear to a party? 【知识点】wonder v.“琢磨；想知道” wonder在此作及物动词，相当于____________.其后接“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构或宾语从句。 e.g.I wonder what to do next.我想知道接下来要做什么。 【教材原文】They will be able to give you some ideas. 【知识点】able adj.“能够” — ________（反义词）“未能；没法” 【短语】能/未能做某事________________________ 辨析be able to&can be able to 可用于多种时态 be动词随主语人称和数的变化而变化 强调具体做某事的能力，表示经过努力而做成某事。 can 只有can和could两种形式 无人称和数的变化 表示有能力做某事或懂得如何做某事 【教材原文】Sell them to raise money for plants and flowers in the community garden(P27) 【知识点】raise v.筹募 【常用结构】为……筹款________________ e.g.She started to raise money for the trip.她开始为这次旅行筹钱。 【补充】raise作动词的其他含义 ①提升，举起 If you agree with me,please raise your hand. 如果你们同意我的看法，请举手。 ②抚养，养育 Fathers raise us and teach us to be strong and brave. 父亲养育我们，教导我们要坚强勇敢。 ③增加，提高(数量、水平等) They raised their price to $500.他们将价格抬高到500美元。 【教材原文】I want to organize an activity—“Collectand Share”.(P28) 【知识点】organize v.组织；安排 （其宾语通常为表示聚会、活动、会议等的名词） —_________ n.组织；机构 —__________adj.有条理的 —__________n.组织者；筹划者 e.g.We organize many activities for parents and children to do together. 我们组织了许多供家长和孩子一起做的活动。 【教材原文】First,we can give away some of our old books.(P28) 【知识点】give away赠送；分发 为“动词+副词”型短语。 give away+名词=give+名词+away give+人称代词+away（代词只能放中间） e.g.I decided to give away my toys(=give my toys away)to a children's hospital. 我决定把我的玩具捐给儿童医院。 These are exam papers.Please give them away.这些是试卷，请把它们分发下去。 巩固练习 一、请根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词（短语）的适当形式填空 1. The workers are painting all the ________ (bench) in the park now. 2. Alice's birthday is ________ (come). Shall we buy her a teddy bear? 3. After this exam, you ________ (have) a wonderful holiday next month. 4. Keep climbing, or you ________ (not enjoy) the wonderful sights that can only be seen from the top. 5. If you have trouble _______(fix) the computer, please call me. 6. Mr Li told us how ________(organize) our ideas according to the type of writing. 7. This task is hard. But I want to finish it by myself, so I will ask my parents ______(not help) me. 8. I think it's a wonderful place ______(raise) cows and sheep. 9. Linda is ______(able) to finish her work in an hour. It's too hard. 二、单项选择 （ ）1. —Jane and I ______ a picnic this Sunday. Would you like to come with us? —Sure. See you then. A. had B. have had C. were having D. are going to have （ ）2. If you try your best to do everything, you ______ a difference. A. make B. made C. will make D. have made （ ）3. —Which team do you think ______ the final match? —I'm not sure. The final match will be held next week. A. won B. are going to win C. will win D. wins （ ）4. —Let's go camping if it ______ tomorrow! There are so many beautiful flowers now. —But I am not sure if it ______ tomorrow. Let me check first. A.won't rain; rains B. doesn't rain; will rain C. doesn't rain; rains D. won't rain; will rain （ ）5. —I don't know why he left ______ without any words this morning. —Maybe he had something important to do. A. in a moment B. in a hurry C. in a way D. in a sense （ ）6. As soon as the Maths test started, John ______ his pen quickly and began to work on the problems. A. put up B. picked up C. got up D. grew up （ ）7. —We will have a big basketball game next week, but we still need a player. —Why don't you ______ Bryan to join in the game? He is fantastic. A. invite B. teach C. warn D. throw 三、根据所给中文意思，用英语完成下列各句 1. 请捡起瓶子并递给我。 Please ____________ the bottle and pass it to me. 2. 我这个周末打算去看望我的祖父母。 I am _____________ my grandparents this weekend. 3. 钟医生下了火车，然后匆忙离开了。 Dr Zhong got off the train and then left ______________. 四、根据短文内容及方框中所给单词，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整（不可重复使用） work much invite story take Mr and Mrs White are my neighbours. Their house is small but they have a large garden. And they spend many happy hours 1.________ on it every day. While we spend our dollars in the market, the old couple can pick vegetables in their own garden. Last month, Mr and Mrs White 2.________ most of the neighbours to their garden for an “all-day food festival”. They asked us 3.________ gloves and arrive early in the morning. We didn't know what would take place. By 9:00 a.m., all of us were picking tomatoes, beans and other vegetables in the garden. At lunch, there were lots of laughs. We shared a lot of 4.________. After dinner, we played games. Before we left, Mr and Mrs White gave each of us a shopping bag filled with vegetables. What a great gift! Of course I loved the green vegetables, but I loved the happy time being with my neighbours 5.____________. Mr and Mrs White were so nice that they helped us learn from each other better. Now Mr and Mrs White teach us to grow vegetables online. And I can't wait to see my tomato plants bear fruit (结果). 重点单词 名词 1. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2. neighbourhood (AmE neighborhood)街区；邻近的地方 3. neighbour(AmE neighbor)邻居 4. officer高级职员，官员 5. police officer警察，警员 6. station站，所，局[新义n.社会地位；身份] 7. police station警察局，派出所 8. restaurant 餐厅，餐馆 9. lawyer律师 10. law法律，法规；规则 11. community社区 12. laptop笔记本电脑 13. engineer工程师 14. college学院;〈美〉大学 15. rubbish 垃圾，废弃物[新义n.劣质的东西] 16. bench长椅 17. exchange交流 18. exchange student交换生 19. notice 通知 20. information/信息，消息 21. fever发烧；狂热 22. throat咽喉，喉咙 23. machine机器，机械装置 24. washing machine洗衣机 25. fridge (=refrigerator)冰箱 动词 1. tidy 使整洁，整理 2. invite邀请 3. wonder琢磨，想知道 4. raise 筹募[新义v.提升；养育] 5. organize (=organise)组织；安排 形容词 1. broken出了毛病的，破损的 2. willing 愿意，乐意 3. sore(发炎)疼痛的，酸痛的 4. able 能够 副词 1. any time在任何时候 代词 1. someone (=somebody)某人[新义pron.重要人物] 2. anyone (=anybody)任何人 3. anything任何事物 连词 1. if如果 兼类词 1. above prep.在(或向)……上面adv.在(或向)上面 2. volunteer n.志愿者v.自愿做，义务做，无偿做 3. check v.&n.检查，核查 4. repair v.&n.修理 5. such det.&pron.如此；这样的 6. below adv.在(或到)下面prep.在(或到)……下面 7. trouble n.问题，困难；麻烦v.麻烦；折磨；使烦恼 8. post v.发布；邮寄n.(网上发布的)帖子，博文；邮件[新义n.职位] 重点短语 1. 2. police station警察局，派出所 3. police officer警察，警员 4. live above us住在我们楼上 5. community centre社区中心 6. from time to time偶尔，不时 7. help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事 8. all kinds of各种各样的 9. ask for help求助 10. as well也 11. do some shopping购物 12. 13. help the old people tidy their flats帮助老人整理公寓 14. such a nice neighbourhood这么好的社区 15. know more about each other更加了解彼此 16. repair things like a broken bike修理像坏自行车这样的东西 17. clean up the park打扫公园 18. any time在任何时候 19. pick up the rubbish捡垃圾 20. in a hurry匆忙 21. don't worry别担心 22. share sth.with sb.与某人分享某物 23. have a fever发烧 24. have trouble with sth.在……方面有困难 25. deal with处理，应对 26. know a lot about...非常了解…… 27. raise money for...为……筹钱 28. give away赠送；分发 29. in need在困境中；有需要的 30. make our community a better place让我们的社区变得更好 重点句型 1. What’s your neighbourhood like?你的社区是什么样的？ 2. They are always ready to help others.他们总是乐于助人。 3. He helps us learn about laws at the community centre from time to time. 他有时在社区中心帮我们学习法律知识。 4. Some of them are volunteers.其中一些是志愿者。 5. There’s something wrong with my laptop.我的笔记本电脑出了问题。 6. My sister Annie’s bicycles is broken.我妹妹安妮的自行车坏了。 7. I’m going to ask a computer engineer to check it.我打算请一位计算机工程师来检查一下。 8. My sister Annie’s bicycles is broken，so she is going to have someone repair it . 我妹妹安妮的自行车坏了，所以她打算找人修理。 9. Some college students are willing to help.一些大学生愿意提供帮助。 10. Do the old people get any help as well ?老年人是否也得到任何帮助？ 11. The volunteers often visit the old people and do some shopping for them. 志愿者们经常探望老人，帮他们采购生活用品。 12. This weekend, they’ll help the old people tidy their flats.这个周末，他们将帮老人们整理公寓。 13. You’re lucky to live in such a nice neighbourhood, Simon.西蒙，你住在这片好社区真是幸运。 14. Why not be a volunteer at our community centre？为何不加入我们社区中心的志愿者行列？ 15. Join us and we can plan these activities together!加入我们，我们可以一起规划这些活动！ 16. Join us and give back to our community.加入我们，回馈社会。 17. Let's keep it looking nice.让我们保持良好的外观。 18. First,we’ll pick up the rubbish in the park.首先，我们要去公园捡垃圾。 19. Do you have a fever or a sore throat?您是否出现发热或咽痛症状？ 20. Are you having trouble sleeping?您是否存在睡眠障碍？ 21. Our engineers are here to help you deal with these problem! 我们的工程师随时为您排忧解难！ 22. Are you wondering what to wear to a party?还在为派对穿搭发愁吗？ 23. They will be able to give you some ideas.他们能给您一些建议。 24. Sell them to raise money for plants and flowers in the community garden. 通过出售旧书为社区花园的植物花卉筹集资金。 25. First,we can give away some of our old books.首先，我们可以捐出一些旧书。 $专题02 Unit 2 Neighbourhood单词短语句型和语法 单元主题句 Close neighbours are better than distant relatives. 远亲不如近邻。 【Welcome to the unit】 知识要点 【知识点】neighbour （cn.）可数名词 附近的人或物，侧重“人” neighbourhood n. 临近街区，居民区，侧重“地方” 【知识点】job(cn.)工作（p19） 辨析work&job work （un.）不可数名词 泛指工作、劳动或职业。 job （cn.）可数名词 具体的、有报酬的职业或工作。 【句型】询问职业的句型（3种） （1） What is（What's）sb.? （2） What does sb. do? （3） What is sb’s job? 【教材原文】Police station 警察局/ Police officer警察（p19） 【知识点】police n.警察部门；警方（集体名词，常与the连用，作主语谓语动词用复数。） e.g.The police are searching for the suspect.警方正在搜查嫌疑人。 【知识点】station n.站，所，局 在此意为“站，所，局”，还有“车站”的含义。常用来构成复合名词。 radio station 广播电台 bus station公交汽车站 train/railway station火车站 subway station 地铁站 TV station电视台 gas/petrol station加油站 ( v.（动词）喜欢 【反义词】 dislike prep. （介词）像 【反义词】 unlike )【教材原文】What’s your neighbourhood like?（p19） 【知识点】What+be+主语+like？ 该句型意为“......是什么样的？”或“......怎么样？” 常用来询问某人的性格或是品质，也可以用于询问物品的特点。 e.g.—What's your friend like? 你朋友是什么样的人？—My friend is generous.我的朋友很大方。 e.g.—What's your school like?你的学校怎么样？—It's big and clean.又大又干净。 【句型】询问长相的句型（3种） （1） What be sb. like?（既可以问长相也可以问性格） （2） What do/does sb. look like? （3） How do/does sb. look? 【教材原文】They are always ready to help others.（p19） 【知识点】ready （1）ready adj. 准备好的 【常用结构】①准备好做某事 be/get ready to do sth. ②为......做好准备 be/get ready for sth.（= prepare for sth.） （2） ready adj. 乐意的 【常用结构】乐意做某事 be ready to do sth. = be willing to do sth. 【教材原文】Well,Mr Zhang lives above us.（p19） 【知识点】above （1） prep.在(或向)……上面 （2） adv.在(或向)上面 e.g.You need to finish the exercises above by six.你需要在六点前完成上面的习题。 辨析：on,over与above on 表示一物在另一物的表面上，强调两者接触。 The English book is on the desk. 英语书在桌子上。 over 表示一物在另一物的正上方，两者不接触，对应词是under。 There is a bridge over the small river. 小河上有一座桥。 above 表示一物在另一物的上方，不一定是正上方，两者不接触，对应词是below。 The plane is flying above the clouds. 飞机正飞越云层。 【教材原文】He helps us learn about laws at the community centre from time to time.（p19） 【知识点】law n.法律，法规；规则 — lawyer n.[名词]律师 【常用结构】 （1） break the law违反法律 （2） obey the law遵守法律 （3） make laws制定法律 （4） by law按照法律规定 【知识点】from time to time 有时；偶尔；不时的 与sometimes和at times同义 巩固练习 一、根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词 1. The old woman often takes her dog for a walk around the _________(街区) after supper. And it’s a good time for her to meet and talk with her _________(邻居). 【答案】neighbourhood; neighbours 【解析】第一空根据汉语提示“街区”可知填neighbourhood，；第二空“邻居”为neighbour，根据语境“和她的邻居们聊天”可知用复数形式neighbours。 2. I hope all _________(官员) can pay more attention(注意力) to the education of young people. 【答案】officers 【解析】“官员”对应的英文单词是officer，all后接可数名词复数形式，故填officers。 3. In our _________(社区), there is a Helping Hand Club. Volunteers in the club do lots of things for others. 【答案】community 【解析】“社区”对应的英文单词是community，in our community为固定搭配“在我们社区”，此处用单数形式。 4. —Come on, Alice! The school bus will get to the stop s_________ soon. —Well, let’s run! 【答案】station 【解析】根据首字母s及语境“校车很快就要到站了”可知填station，station意为“车站”，符合句意。 5. The two Chinese r__________ on Centre Street are good. We can go to either one for lunch. 【答案】restaurants 【解析】根据首字母r及语境“我们可以去其中一家吃午饭”可知填restaurants，two后接可数名词复数形式。 二、用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空 1. I enjoy ________(cook) very much, and I expect to be a great ________(cook) like my uncle. 【答案】cooking; cook 【解析】第一空enjoy后接动词-ing形式，故填cooking；第二空根据“成为一名伟大的厨师”可知填cook，cook作名词时意为“厨师”。 2. There are over 50,000 _________(law) practising in England and Wales. 【答案】lawyers 【解析】law对应的职业名词是lawyer，“律师”，over 50,000后接可数名词复数形式，故填lawyers。 3.—Our school is collecting the donating materials（捐赠物资）. —They will be sent to those living __________（community）in that city. 【答案】communities 【解析】those后接可数名词复数形式，community的复数形式是communities，those living communities意为“那些生活社区”。 4. She has a warm heart and is always ready ________（help） those in need. 【答案】to help 【解析】be ready to do sth.为固定搭配“准备好做某事”，故填to help。 5. The ticket _________（officer）is open until 5 p.m. from Monday to Friday. 【答案】office 【解析】ticket office为固定搭配“售票处”，此处用office表示“办公室、处所”。 三、单项选择 ( )1. The temperature in Suzhou is about 9 degrees. It is ______ 15 degrees and 20 degrees in Guangzhou. In Hainan, it will stay ______ 20 degrees. So Suzhou has the lowest temperature. A. among; above B. between; above C. among; over D. between; below 【答案】B 【解析】between...and...为固定搭配“在……和……之间”，故第一空填between；根据“苏州气温最低”可知海南气温在20度以上，above表示“在……之上”，符合句意。 ( )2. —Excuse me, haven’t you learned the new traffic ______? Everyone in a car must wear the seat belt. —Sorry, we get it. A. record B. view C. lights D. law 【答案】D 【解析】根据“每个人在车里必须系安全带”可知是交通法规，traffic law为固定搭配“交通法规”，故选D。 ( )3. —Morning, Johnson. Juice or coffee? —Coffee, please. It can get me fresh and ready ______ my day. A. start B. to start C. for starting D. starting 【答案】B 【解析】be ready to do sth.为固定搭配“准备好做某事”，此处表示“准备好开始我的一天”，故选B。 ( )4. All the students should look out of the window to relax their eyes ______ while reading, or they will have poor eyesight. A. all the time B. from time to time C. at a time D. on time 【答案】B 【解析】from time to time为固定短语“不时，偶尔”，符合“阅读时偶尔看看窗外放松眼睛”的语境；all the time“一直”、at a time“一次”、on time“按时”均不符合句意。 四、句子翻译 1. 你的英语老师是什么样的人？ ________ your English teacher _________? 【答案】What's; like 【解析】询问某人是什么样的人用固定句型“What's sb. like?”，故填What's和like。 2. 我妈妈是一名警察，她在警察局工作。 My mother is ____________ and she ______________. 【答案】a policewoman/police officer; works in a police station 【解析】“警察”为policewoman/police officer，“在警察局工作”为work in a police station，主语she为第三人称单数，故work用works。 3. 她试图帮助别人学习法律。 She tries to _____________________. 【答案】help others learn the law 【解析】try to do sth.为固定搭配“试图做某事”，“帮助别人学习法律”为help others learn the law，help后接动词原形作宾语补足语。 4. 我们在社区中心有一个庆祝活动。 We have a celebration __________________________. 【答案】at the community centre 【解析】“在社区中心”为固定短语at the community centre，故填at the community centre。 【Reading】 【教材原文】They are kind and helpful.（p20） 【知识点】helpful adj. 愿意帮忙的；有用的 — helpless 【反义词】adj.无助的 由“help(n.帮助)+-ful(形容词后缀)”构成，在句中可作表语或定语。 e.g.Millie is helpful and she gets along well with her classmates.(helpful作表语) 米莉很乐于助人，她和同学们相处得很好。 Simon is a warm-hearted and helpful person.(helpful作定语) 是一个热心且乐于助人的人。 【常用结构】be helpful to sb.对……有用 e.g.The book should be helpful to parents.这本书对父母应该很有用。 【教材原文】Some of them are volunteers.(P20) 【知识点】volunteer （1） volunteer （cn.）可数名词 志愿者 （2） volunteer v.自愿做；义务做 【常用结构】①自愿做某事 volunteer to do sth. ②自愿为某事效劳 volunteer for sth. ③自愿作为volunteer as 【教材原文】Are you going to ask for help this weekend?(P20) 【知识点】ask v.“询问，要求” 【常用结构】 ①（向某人）请求得到某物 ask （sb.）for sth. ②询问某人关于......的事情 ask sb. about sth. ③要求某人（不要）做某事ask sb.（not）to do sth. 【教材原文】There’s something wrong with my laptop. My sister Annie’s bicycles is broken.(P20) 【知识点】 There is something wrong with.………出了问题。 该结构相当于“Something is wrong with...”。 e.g.There is something wrong with my bicycle./Something is wrong with my bicycle. 【句型】 ①表达“某物坏/失灵了” （1） sth.+is/are not working well. （2） sth.+doesn’t/don’t work. （3） sth. +is/are broken. （4） There is something wrong with... （5） Something is wrong with... e.g.There's something wrong with my watch. =Something is wrong with my watch. =My watch is not working well. =My watch doesn't work. =My watch is broken. ②表达某物没坏 （1） There is nothing wrong with... （2） Nothing is wrong with... （3） There isn’t any wrong with... 【知识点】broken adj. 出了毛病的，破损的 在句中可作表语或定语。 e.g.The bridge is broken in the middle,and part of it is carried away.(作表语) 桥的中间断了，一部分被冲走了。 Could you help me fix up the broken chair?(作定语) 你能帮我修一下这把坏椅子吗? 【补充】broken做形容词还有“折断的，骨折的”的含义 e.g.The boy's left leg is broken.那个男孩的左腿骨折了。 【教材原文】I’m going to ask a computer engineer to check it.(P20) 【知识点】check v.&n.检查，核查 e.g.Before handing in your paper,check if your name and number are correct.(作动词) 交卷之前，检查一下你的姓名和号码是否正确。 Could you give the tyres a check?(作名词) 你能检查一下轮胎吗? 【补充】check可以作名词表示“支票” e.g.Can I pay by check?我可以用支票支付吗? 【教材原文】My sister Annie’s bicycles is broken，so she is going to have someone repair it .(P20) 【知识点】have v.“使；让” 【常用结构】 让某人做某事 have sb. do sth. (= make/let sb. do sth.) e.g.I have the barber cut my hair.我让理发师给我剪了头发。 【知识点】repair v.&n.修理 侧重于修理破损的东西或构造较复杂的东西，如房屋、车辆、电视等。 e.g.It was a really difficult job to repair the car because it was old and broken.(作动词) 修理这辆车真是一件困难的工作，因为它又旧又破。 The building was in need of repair.(作名词)这座大楼需要维修了。 【教材原文】Can anyone there help kids with their homework ?(P20) 【知识点】anyone pron.“任何人”= anybody anyone是由“any +one”构成的复合不定代词，常用于疑问句或否定句中。如果用在肯定句中，则表示“无论谁，随便哪个人”。 e.g.Nancy didn't know anyone in the new school. 南希在新学校里一个人都不认识。 I believe anyone like me will learn a lot from these books. 我相信任何像我这样的人都会从这些书中学到很多东西。 辨析anyone与any one anyone 仅指人，后不能接表示范围的of短语。 He told her not to tell anyone. 他叮嘱她不要告诉任何人。 any one 即可指人，也可指物；后可接表示范围的of短语。 —Which pen would you like?你想要哪一支钢笔？ —Any one will do. 哪一支都可以。（指物） —I don’t know any one of the students. 这些学生中我一个也不认识。（指人） 【教材原文】Some college students are willing to help.(教材P20) 【知识点】be willing to do sth.乐意做某事 相当于be ready to do sth.。 willing→[形容词]愿意，乐意→ unwilling （反义词）adj.不愿意的 e.g.Mary is always willing to help her classmates.玛丽总是乐意帮助她的同学。 【教材原文】Do the old people get any help as well ?(P20) 【知识点】as well 辨析：too;either;also&as well too 常用于肯定句或疑问句的句末，其前加不加逗号均可。 I can help you,too. Can I come too？ either 常用于否定句句末，其前通常不加逗号。 My father can’t go there either. also 常用于肯定句句中，一般放在连系动词be、情态动词、助动词后，实义动词之前。 Mary is also 15 years old. She also has milk for breakfast. as well 常用于肯定句或疑问句末，其前不加逗号。 She can sing and dance as well. Are they coming as well? 【教材原文】The volunteers often visit the old people and do some shopping for them.(P20) 【知识点】do some shopping do some shopping动词短语，意为“买东西”，也可说do the shopping. "do some/the + v.-ing"形式的短语: do some/the cleaning 打扫卫生do some/the reading 读书 do some/the washing 洗衣服 do some/the cooking 做饭 do some/the writing 写作 【教材原文】This weekend, they’ll help the old people tidy their flats.(P20) 【知识点】tidy adj.整洁的；井井有条的—【反义词】adj.不整洁的 untidy tidy v.整理；使整洁【短语】①整理某物tidy sth.②整理好；收拾好 tidy up 【教材原文】You’re lucky to live in such a nice neighbourhood, Simon.(P20) 【知识点】lucky adj.幸运的 否定前缀 un — luck n.幸运 — luckily adv.幸运地 【常用结构】①做某事（感到）很幸运 feel/be lucky to do sth. ②压岁钱 lucky money ③幸运儿 lucky dog 【知识点】such det.&pron. （1） such作限定词（修饰名词，表示“这样的/如此的”） e.g. It's such a beautiful day.这真是美好的一天。 （2） such作代词（指代前文提到的人/事/物） e.g. Some students are late often,and such should be punished. 有些学生总是迟到，这些学生该受到惩罚。 辨析so&such such 限定词 such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数 She’s such a little monkey. 她真是一个小捣蛋鬼。 such+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词 It’s a pity to waste such delicious food. 浪费这么好吃的食物真是可惜。 so 副词 so+adj./adv. They all looked so nice and cute. 她们看起来都这么漂亮可爱。 so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数 She is so nice a girl. 她是一个如此好的女孩。 so+many/much/few/little+名词 I’m afraid so little water won’t be enough to drink. 就这么点儿水,我怕不够喝。 【补充】“such+a/an +adj.+可数名词单数”可与“so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数”进行转换。 e.g.It is such a nice gift.=It is so nice a gift.它是一个如此漂亮的礼物 【教材原文】Why not be a volunteer at our community centre？（p22） 【知识点】Why not be a/an...?为什么不成为一名......? 【句型】提建议的句型 （1） 为什么不做某事 Why not do sth? （2） 你为什么不做某事呢？Why don’t you do sth? （3） 做某事怎么样？What/How about doing sth? （4） 咱们做某事吧！Let's do sth. （5） 你想要做某事吗？Would you like to do sth? 【教材原文】Join us and we can plan these activities together!(P22) 【知识点】祈使句+and/or+陈述句 祈使句常表示条件或假设，后面的陈述句常表示结果或推论，陈述句的谓语常用一般将来时或含有情态动词。and“那么”，表示顺承；or“否则，要不然”，表示相反的结果或推论。 e.g. Read more book, and you will improve your reading skills. 多读书，你就会提高你的阅读技能。 Hurry up,or we will be late. 快点，否则我们会迟到。 【知识点】join v.加入…之中, 加入, 参与, 连接, 会合, 上（车等） 辨析join、join in、take part in&attend join ①join sb. join us ②join +组织、团体、党派、俱乐部 join the Party/army/club ③join sb. in（doing）sth.与某人一起做某事 She joined her friends in playing tennis. join in join in+小规模的游戏、比赛、娱乐活动 We all joined in the singing. take part in take part in+大型活动（参与性高） He took part in the school sports meeting. attend attend出席参加正式活动 Attend meeting/wedding 【知识点】plan （1） plan v.计划— plans（三单）— planning（现在分词）— planned（过去式） 【常用结构】计划做某事plan to do sth. （2） plan n.计划；规划 【常用结构】①制定计划（做某事）make a plan（to do sth.） ②为......制定一个计划 make a plan for... 【教材原文】Join us and give back to our community.加入我们，回馈社会。 【知识点】give back to 归还；返还 【常用结构】将某物归还给某人 give back sth. to sb.(= return sth. to sb.) 【教材原文】Let's keep it looking nice.(教材P22) 【知识点】keep sb./sth.doing sth.让某人/某物一直做某事 【补充】keep的用法 （1） keep+adj. 保持...... e.g. Please keep quiet in the library!保持在图书馆里请保持安静! （2） keep sb./sth.+adj. 让某人/某物保持…… e.g. Put on the coat.It can keep you warm.穿上外套，它能让你暖和。 （3）keep (on) doing sth.继续/重复做某事 e.g. Keep working hard,and you will succeed.继续努力，你会成功的。 In spite of the noise outside,he kept on reading.他无视外面的嘈杂声，继续读书。 （4）keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事 e.g. We should keep them from cutting down trees.我们应该阻止他们砍树。 巩固练习 一、根据句意及所给的汉语提示写出单词。 1. The task needs the skills of an experienced _________ (工程师). 【答案】engineer 【解析】词性：可数名词（engineer）；固定搭配：an experienced engineer（一位经验丰富的工程师）；句子翻译：这项任务需要一位经验丰富的工程师的技能。 2. There is something wrong with my _________ (笔记本电脑). 【答案】laptop 【解析】词性：可数名词（laptop）；固定搭配：something wrong with my laptop（我的笔记本电脑出故障）；句子翻译：我的笔记本电脑出故障了。 3. These years, _________ (学院) students find it more and more difficult to get jobs after leaving school. 【答案】college 【解析】词性：名词（college）；固定搭配：college students（大学生）；句子翻译：这些年，大学生毕业后找工作越来越难了。 4. Boys, your father decided to _________ (修理) the car this weekend. Want to help? 【答案】repair 【解析】词性：动词（repair）；固定搭配：decide to repair（决定修理）；句子翻译：孩子们，你们的爸爸决定这周末修理汽车。想帮忙吗？ 5. Look out, there’s _________ (破损的) glass on the floor. Don’t get your feet hurt. 【答案】broken 【解析】词性：形容词（broken）；固定搭配：broken glass（破损的玻璃）；句子翻译：小心，地板上有破损的玻璃。别伤了脚。 6. Sir, please show your tickets. Let me _________ (检查) them. 【答案】check 【解析】词性：动词（check）；固定搭配：let me check（让我检查）；句子翻译：先生，请出示您的票。让我检查一下。 7. There are three _________ (社区) centres in our neighbourhood. 【答案】community 【解析】词性：名词（community）；固定搭配：community centres（社区中心）；句子翻译：我们小区有三个社区中心。 8. I think it’s a good idea to _________ (自愿做) in the old people’s home. 【答案】volunteer 【解析】词性：动词（volunteer）；句子翻译：我认为在养老院做志愿者是个好主意。 9. You can ask _________ (任何人) here. They can all answer your questions. 【答案】anyone 【解析】词性：代词（anyone）；句子翻译：你可以问这里的任何人。他们都能回答你的问题。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. I spent the whole morning cleaning and ______ (tidy) my new bedroom. 【答案】tidying 【解析】spend time doing sth.（花费时间做某事），and连接并列结构，cleaning和tidying形式一致；句子翻译：我花了整个上午打扫和整理我的新卧室。 2. Your ideas are different from those _________ (engineer). 【答案】engineers' 【解析】名词所有格表示所属关系，those后接可数名词复数engineers，其所有格为engineers'；句子翻译：你的想法和那些工程师的想法不同。 3. Miss Lin told her students _________ (check) not their homework carefully after finishing it. 【答案】to check 【解析】语法要点：tell sb. to do sth.（告诉某人做某事）；句子翻译：林老师告诉她的学生完成作业后要仔细检查。 4. After the rainstorm, fallen trees and ______ (break) windows are everywhere. 【答案】broken 【解析】语法要点：形容词修饰名词，broken（破损的）修饰windows；句子翻译：暴雨过后，到处都是倒下的树和破损的窗户。 5. —What about ______ (repair) your mobile phone by yourself? —I’m afraid I can’t. 【答案】repairing 【解析】语法要点：What about doing sth.（做某事怎么样）；句子翻译：—自己修理你的手机怎么样？—恐怕我做不到。 三、单项填空 （ ）1. (2023南京玄武一模)Boys and girls, follow your heart and never let ______ take away your dreams. A. no one B. anyone C. someone D. everyone 【答案】B 【解析】语法要点：anyone用于否定句和疑问句，此处never表示否定，用anyone；句子翻译：孩子们，跟随你们的内心，永远不要让任何人夺走你们的梦想。 （ ）2. —At lunch time, if you sit by yourself, will you feel lonely? —Maybe I will. If so, I might join ______ at their table. A. everyone B. anyone C. someone D. none 【答案】C 【解析】语法要点：someone表示“某人”，用于肯定句；句子翻译：—午餐时间，如果你独自坐着，你会感到孤独吗？—也许会。如果是这样，我可能会加入某人的餐桌。 （ ）3. —Where is your brother with blonde curly hair, Andy? —I’m not sure. Maybe he ______ his room at the moment. A. tidies B. is tidying C. is going to tidy D. tidied 【答案】B 【解析】语法要点：at the moment（此刻）表示现在进行时，结构为be+doing；句子翻译：—安迪，你那个金发卷发的哥哥在哪里？—我不确定。也许他此刻正在整理他的房间。 （ ）4. —We are planning to volunteer to help the old. Would you like to join us? —______. Any time is OK. A. I’m afraid not B. Of course C. Take it easy D. That depends 【答案】B 【解析】根据Any time is OK（任何时间都可以）可知是肯定回答；Of course（当然）；句子翻译：—我们计划志愿帮助老人。你想加入我们吗？—当然。任何时间都可以。 （ ）5.（2023 南京中考）Before visiting a foreign country, you’d better ______ what the local people usually do, so you won’t make mistakes. A. check B. doubt C. plan D. show 【答案】A 【解析】固定搭配：had better do sth.（最好做某事）；句子翻译：在访问外国之前，你最好了解当地人通常做什么，这样你就不会犯错。 （ ）6. —Let’s make a weekly plan ______ the coming holiday! —Sure, we plan ______ have a trip to the mountains. A. to; for B. for; to C. for; for D. to; to 【答案】B 【解析】固定搭配：make a plan for sth.（为某事制定计划），plan to do sth.（计划做某事）；句子翻译：—让我们为即将到来的假期制定周计划吧！—当然，我们计划去山里旅行。 四、根据汉语补全句子 1. 她乐意与她的朋友们分享东西。 She is _________ _________ _________ _________ __________ her friends. 【答案】ready/willing to share things with 【解析】固定搭配：be ready/willing to do sth.（乐意做某事），share sth. with sb.（与某人分享某物）；句子翻译：她乐意与她的朋友们分享东西。 2. 我的洗衣机坏了，我要请大学生们修理一下。 My washing machine ________ ________. I want to ask _______ ________ ________ ________ it. 【答案】is broken; college students to repair 【解析】固定搭配：be broken（坏了），ask sb. to do sth.（请某人做某事）；句子翻译：我的洗衣机坏了，我要请大学生们修理一下。 3. 我的电脑没什么问题。谢谢你的关心。 ________ ________ ________ ________ _________my computer. Thanks for your care. 【答案】There is nothing wrong with 【解析】语法要点：There is nothing wrong with sth.（某物没什么问题）；句子翻译：我的电脑没什么问题。谢谢你的关心。 4. 社区中心是一个让我们可以互相帮助和学习新事物的好地方。 ________ ________ ________ is a great place where we can ________ ________ ________ and learn new things. 【答案】The community centre; help each other 【解析】“社区中心”对应短语The community centre；“互相帮助”对应固定短语help each other（each other表示“互相”）；句子翻译：社区中心是一个让我们可以互相帮助和学习新事物的好地方。 5. 暑假期间，我想在当地图书馆做志愿者。 ________ ________ ________ ________ at the local library during the summer holiday. 【答案】I want to volunteer 【解析】语法要点：want to do sth.（想要做某事）；固定搭配：volunteer at the local library（在当地图书馆做志愿者）；句子翻译：暑假期间，我想在当地图书馆做志愿者。 6. 你很幸运将从邻居处得到帮助。 You will ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ _________ _________ __________. 【答案】be lucky to get help from the neighbours 【解析】语法要点：will后接动词原形，be lucky to do sth.（幸运地做某事）；固定搭配：get help from the neighbours（从邻居处得到帮助）；句子翻译：你很幸运将从邻居处得到帮助。 【Grammar】 【教材原文】 First,we’ll pick up the rubbish in the park.(P23) 【知识点】pick up “捡起；拾起” pick up 为“动词+副词”型短语 pick+名词+up=pick up+名词 pick+人称代词+up 【补充】pick up的其他常见义项： 1. I called you last night, but you didn’t pick up. 接电话 2. Shall we go to the airport to pick up your sister? 搭载；开车接某人 3. Will you pick up all your toys? 收拾；整理 【知识点】rubbish n.【不可数名词】“垃圾；废弃物” 【常用结构】 a rubbish bag/bin 垃圾袋/桶 household rubbish 生活垃圾 throw rubbish everywhere 到处乱认垃圾 take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 【补充】rubbish作n.“劣质的东西” e.g. I thought the movie was a rubbish. 我认为这部电影很劣质。 【教材原文】Will you work if it rains?(P23) 【知识点】if conj.“如果” （1） if 在此作连词，意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句，从句可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。 （2） 在含有if引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句用一般将来时从句要用一般现在时表示将来，即遵循“主将从现”的原则 e.g. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking. I’ll only stay if you offer me help. 【教材原文】 But why are you in a hurry?(P24) 【知识点】in a hurry 匆忙 （1） hurry 作名词n.“匆忙；急忙” 【常用结构】①急于做某事in a hurry to do sth. ②不着急(做某事)in no hurry (to do sth.) （2） hurry 作动词v.“匆忙；赶快” 【常用结构】①快点 hurry up ②匆忙做某事 hurry to do sth. ③匆忙去某地hurry to sp.=go to sp. in a hurry 【教材原文】 I am going to invite my friend Bill?(P24) 【知识点】invite v.“邀请” — invitation n.“邀请；请柬” 【常用结构】①邀请某人做某事：invite sb. to do sth. ②邀请某人到某地/参加某活动invite sb.to+地点名词/活动类名词 e.g. Don't forget to invite Miss Lee to our party.不要忘记邀请李老师参加我们的聚会。 He invited us to visit his hometown in his email.他在电子邮件中邀请我们参观他的家乡。 【语法精讲】一般将来时（will;be going to） 一、基本概念 一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成，shall 用于第一人称，will用于第二、三人称。除英国外的说英语的国家，在陈述句中，即使在第一人称一般也用will，在英国也有这种趋势。在口语中，常用shall, will的缩写形式为’ll , 如：I’ll, you’ll等。shall not的缩写式为：shan’t, will not 的缩写式为：won’t. 2、 结构 will be going to will/shall+动词原形 am/is/are going to+动词原形 肯定句 She will have a picnic tomorrow. She is going to have a picnic tomorrow. 否定句 She will not（=won’t）have a picnic tomorrow. She is not（=isn't） going to have a picnic tomorrow. 一般疑问句 Will she have a picnic tomorrow? Yes,she will. / No, she won’t Is she going to have a picnic tomorrow? Yes,she is. / No, she isn’t 特殊疑问句 She will have a picnic tomorrow. What will she do? She is going to have a picnic tomorrow. What is she going to do tomorrow? 3、 时间状语（标志词） 1.tomorrow系列：tomorrow morning 2.next 系列：next week、next year、next month、next Sunday 3. this系列： this year、this Sunday、this weekend 4. in系列： in an hour、in two days 5.其他：from now on；in the future；soon；some day等。 四、考点 【考点】区别：will&be going to will型一般将来时的基本用法 be going to型一般将来时的基本用法 ①表示说话人说话时所做的决定。（临时决定） e.g.I'm hungry.I’ll buy a hamburger. （饿了才决定买汉堡） ①表示主观上打算在将来的某时要做某事(事先计划),通常译作"计划；打算；准备"等。 e.g.I'm going to buy a hamburger after school. （早就计划放学后买汉堡） ②无明显迹象，主观判断/客观必然 e.g.I think it will be sunny tomorrow. （主观觉得明天晴天） e.g.The sun will rise in the east tomorrow. （自然规律客观必然） ②表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为某事即将发生。 e.g.Look at the dark clouds!It's going to rain. 看那些乌云!要下雨了。 ③表意愿、承诺、礼貌请求 e.g.I’ll help you with your English.（意愿） I will keep my promise.（承诺） Will you please open the window?（请求） 【考点】There be句型用于一般将来时 will: There will be... be going to: There is/are going to be... 【翻译】今天下午有一场足球比赛 will: There will be a football match this afternoon. be going to: There is going to be a football match this afternoon. 巩固练习 一、单项选择 （ ）1 . The teacher, along with her students, ________ to the museum tomorrow. A.are going B.is going C.go D.goes 【答案】B 【解析】语法要点：主语后接along with短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语（the teacher）保持一致，用单数；tomorrow表示将来，用be going to结构。句子翻译：老师和她的学生们明天将要去博物馆。 （ ）2. There________ a concert in our school hall tomorrow evening. A.is going to be B.was C.will have D.is 【答案】A 【解析】语法要点：there be句型的将来时用there is going to be或there will be；tomorrow evening表示将来。句子翻译：明天晚上我们学校礼堂将有一场音乐会。 （ ）3. Tony ________ the Great Wall with his classmates next Sunday. A.visited B.visits C.will visit D.is visiting 【答案】C 【解析】语法要点：next Sunday表示将来，用will+动词原形。句子翻译：托尼下周日将和他的同学一起参观长城。 （ ）4．There _____ a “helping hands” meeting at our school hall ______ the afternoon of 19 May. A．is going to be; on B．will be; in C.is going to have; on D.will have; in 【答案】A 【解析】语法要点：there be句型的将来时用there is going to be；具体日期的下午用on。句子翻译：5月19日下午我们学校礼堂将有一场“援手”会议。 （ ）5．I hope all my friends ________ to the evening party tomorrow. A．to come B．coming C．will come D．comes 【答案】C 【解析】语法要点：hope后接宾语从句，tomorrow表示将来，用will+动词原形。句子翻译：我希望我所有的朋友明天都来参加晚会。 （ ）6. It's very cold. I think it ________ snow. A. will B. is going to C. won't D. isn't going to 【答案】B 【解析】语法要点：根据“It's very cold”的迹象推测将要发生的动作，用be going to结构。句子翻译：天气很冷，我想快要下雪了。 （ ）7. -What are you going to do this evening? -I ________ watch TV. A. am B. am going to C. will D. B and C 【答案】D 【解析】语法要点：this evening表示将来，be going to和will都可表示将来计划或意愿。句子翻译：—你今晚打算做什么？—我打算/将要看电视。 （ ）8.I hope you ________ a car ________. A．will have; of your own B．will have; to your own C．to have; to my own D．to have; of your own 【答案】A 【解析】语法要点：hope后接宾语从句，用will+动词原形；of one's own表示“属于某人自己的”。固定搭配：a car of your own（一辆属于你自己的车）。句子翻译：我希望你有一辆属于自己的车。 （ ）9.— The weather report says that it ________ tomorrow in most parts of our city. — If it ________ tomorrow, the sports meeting will be held next week. A.will rain; will rain B.will rain; rains C.rains; will rain D.rains; rains 【答案】B 【解析】语法要点：第一空tomorrow表示将来，用will rain；第二空if引导的条件状语从句，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时（rains）。句子翻译：—天气预报说明天我们城市大部分地区会下雨。—如果明天下雨，运动会将在下星期举办。 二、所给词的适当形式填空 1. People ________ (not use) paper money in the future. They’ll use digital payments. 【答案】won't use 【解析】语法要点：in the future表示将来，用一般将来时的否定形式won't use。句子翻译：未来人们不会使用纸币，他们会使用电子支付。 2 . —Who ________(tidy) the old people’s house tomorrow? —Miss Wang and Mrs Li are. 【答案】are going to tidy 【解析】语法要点：tomorrow表示将来，根据答语“are”可知用are going to结构。句子翻译：—明天谁将要整理老人的房子？—王小姐和李太太将要去。 3 . —Look at the dark clouds. It ________ (rain) soon. 【答案】is going to rain 【解析】语法要点：根据“dark clouds”的迹象推测将要发生的动作，用be going to结构。句子翻译：看那些乌云，很快要下雨了。 4.If you see the dark clouds in the sky, you’ll know it (rain). 【答案】is going to rain 【解析】语法要点：if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时；根据“dark clouds”的迹象推测用be going to结构。句子翻译：如果你看到天空中的乌云，你就会知道要下雨了。 5.Michael (teach) in a school in Yunnan from February to June next year. 【答案】will teach 【解析】语法要点：next year表示将来，用will+动词原形。句子翻译：迈克尔明年2月到6月将在云南的一所学校教书。 6. — I’m afraid I missed the bus. — Don’t worry. Another bus ____________ (come) soon. 【答案】will come 【解析】语法要点：soon表示将来，用will+动词原形。句子翻译：—恐怕我错过了公交车。—别担心，另一辆很快会来。 三、完成句子 1 . Daniel often goes hiking with his friends in his free time. （用 next month 改写句子） Daniel ___________ ___________ hiking with his friends next month. 【答案】will go 【解析】语法要点：next month表示将来，用will+动词原形；goes改为will go。句子翻译：丹尼尔下个月将和他的朋友去远足。 2 . The exchange students’ welcome party will be on Friday afternoon.（对画线部分提问） ________ welcome party ________ be on Friday afternoon? 【答案】Whose; will 【解析】语法要点：对所有格提问用whose；一般将来时的疑问句将will提前。句子翻译：谁的欢迎派对将在周五下午举行？ 3. Leo is going to visit the Great Wall next Friday. (改为同义句) Leo ___________ ___________ the Great Wall next Friday. 【答案】will visit 【解析】语法要点：be going to do的同义结构是will do。句子翻译：利奥下周五将参观长城。 【Pronunciation-Integration】 【知识点】notice n.“通知” （p26） （1） n.(可数名词）“通知；通告” 【翻译】张贴通知：put up a notice （2） n.（不可数名词）“注意；理会；察觉” 【常用结构】①注意（到）take notice of... ②不注意；不理会take no notice of... （3） v. “注意到；察觉到” 【常用结构】①注意到某人做了某事（动作全过程或经常）notice sb. do sth. ②注意到某人正在做某事，强调动作正在进行notice sb. doing sth. 【教材原文】Please look at the information below (P26) 【知识点】information n.“消息；信息” information是一个不可数名词常与介词on或about连用。 【常用短语】 ①一条信息 a piece of information ②一些信息 some information ③询问信息 ask for information 【知识点】below （1）below作副词adv.在(或到)下面 e.g. For further information on tomorrow's weather,call the hotline below. 如欲查询明天的天气情况，请拨打以下热线。 (2)below作介词prep. ①(地方或位置)在(或到)……下面 e.g. There stands a chair below the window.窗户下面放着一把椅子。 ②(数量、水平等)在……以下，低于 e.g. The temperature in our hometown usually drops below zero in winter. 冬天我们家乡的气温通常降到零摄氏度以下。 辨析below&under below 表示在某物的下方，但不一定是正下方。 反义词：above under 表示在某物的正下方。 反义词：over 【教材原文】Do you have a fever or a sore throat?(P26) 【知识点】have a fever发烧 表示身体部位不适的“have +a(n)+名词”型短语还有： have a cold感冒 have a cough咳嗽 have a headache头痛 have a toothache牙痛 have a stomachache胃痛 have an earache耳朵痛have a backache背痛 have a sore throat嗓子痛 【教材原文】Are you having trouble sleeping? (P26) 【知识点】trouble （1）trouble[不可数名词]问题，困难，麻烦 【常用结构】 ①做某事有困难have trouble doing sth.（trouble可换成difficulty或problems） ②在某方面有困难have trouble with sth. ③陷入困境get/run into trouble ④处于困境中be in trouble e.g. I have trouble(=difficulty/problems)making him understand. 我无法给他解释清楚。 I have some trouble with my pronunciation. 我在发音方面有些困难。 If you get/run into trouble,you can ask the police for help. 如果你遇到麻烦，你可以向警察求助。 We shouldn't laugh at others when they are in trouble. 当别人有困难时，我们不应该嘲笑他们。 （2）trouble[动词]麻烦；折磨；使烦恼 e.g. May I trouble you to pass me the salt?麻烦您把盐递给我好吗? 【谚语】Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.不要自找麻烦。 【教材原文】Our engineers are here to help you deal with these problem! (P26) 【知识点】deal with “处理；应付” （与how搭配） — do with（同义词）与what搭配 e.g.How should I deal with this problem?=What should I do with this problem? 我该怎样处理这个问题? 【教材原文】Are you wondering what to wear to a party? 【知识点】wonder v.“琢磨；想知道” wonder在此作及物动词，相当于want to know.其后接“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构或宾语从句。 e.g.I wonder what to do next.我想知道接下来要做什么。 【教材原文】They will be able to give you some ideas. 【知识点】able adj.“能够” — unable（反义词）“未能；没法” 【短语】能/未能做某事be able/unable to do sth. 辨析be able to&can be able to 可用于多种时态 be动词随主语人称和数的变化而变化 强调具体做某事的能力，表示经过努力而做成某事。 can 只有can和could两种形式 无人称和数的变化 表示有能力做某事或懂得如何做某事 【教材原文】Sell them to raise money for plants and flowers in the community garden(P27) 【知识点】raise v.筹募 【常用结构】为……筹款raise money for... e.g.She started to raise money for the trip.她开始为这次旅行筹钱。 【补充】raise作动词的其他含义 ①提升，举起 If you agree with me,please raise your hand. 如果你们同意我的看法，请举手。 ②抚养，养育 Fathers raise us and teach us to be strong and brave. 父亲养育我们，教导我们要坚强勇敢。 ③增加，提高(数量、水平等) They raised their price to $500.他们将价格抬高到500美元。 【教材原文】I want to organize an activity—“Collectand Share”.(P28) 【知识点】organize v.组织；安排 （其宾语通常为表示聚会、活动、会议等的名词） — organization n.组织；机构 — organized adj.有条理的 — organizer n.组织者；筹划者 e.g.We organize many activities for parents and children to do together. 我们组织了许多供家长和孩子一起做的活动。 【教材原文】First,we can give away some of our old books.(P28) 【知识点】give away赠送；分发 为“动词+副词”型短语。 give away+名词=give+名词+away give+人称代词+away（代词只能放中间） e.g.I decided to give away my toys(=give my toys away)to a children's hospital. 我决定把我的玩具捐给儿童医院。 These are exam papers.Please give them away.这些是试卷，请把它们分发下去。 巩固练习 一、请根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词（短语）的适当形式填空 1. The workers are painting all the ________ (bench) in the park now. 【答案】benches 【解析】语法要点：all后接可数名词复数，bench的复数形式为benches；句子翻译：工人们现在正在给公园里所有的长椅刷漆。 2. Alice's birthday is ________ (come). Shall we buy her a teddy bear? 【答案】coming 【解析】现在进行时表将来（come为趋向性动词）；句子翻译：爱丽丝的生日快到了，我们给她买个泰迪熊好吗？ 3. After this exam, you ________ (have) a wonderful holiday next month. 【答案】will have 【解析】next month表将来，用一般将来时will+动词原形；句子翻译：这次考试后，你下个月会度过一个愉快的假期。 4. Keep climbing, or you ________ (not enjoy) the wonderful sights that can only be seen from the top. 【答案】won't enjoy 【解析】or引导的并列句，前半句为祈使句，后半句用一般将来时否定形式；句子翻译：继续攀登，否则你将无法欣赏到只有在山顶才能看到的美景。 5. If you have trouble _______(fix) the computer, please call me. 【答案】fixing 【解析】have trouble (in) doing sth.（做某事有困难）；句子翻译：如果你修理电脑有困难，请打电话给我。 6. Mr Li told us how ________(organize) our ideas according to the type of writing. 【答案】to organize 【解析】how to do sth.（如何做某事）作told的宾语；句子翻译：李老师告诉我们如何根据写作类型组织我们的想法。 7. This task is hard. But I want to finish it by myself, so I will ask my parents ______(not help) me. 【答案】not to help 【解析】ask sb. not to do sth.（要求某人不要做某事）；句子翻译：这个任务很难，但我想自己完成，所以我会让我的父母不要帮我。 8. I think it's a wonderful place ______(raise) cows and sheep. 【答案】to raise 【解析】a place to do sth.（做某事的地方）；句子翻译：我认为这是一个养牛羊的好地方。 9. Linda is ______(able) to finish her work in an hour. It's too hard. 【答案】unable 【解析】根据“It's too hard”可知是否定含义，able的否定形式为unable；固定搭配：be unable to do sth.（不能做某事）；句子翻译：琳达一小时内不能完成她的工作，太难了。 二、单项选择 （ ）1. —Jane and I ______ a picnic this Sunday. Would you like to come with us? —Sure. See you then. A. had B. have had C. were having D. are going to have 【答案】D 【解析】this Sunday表将来，用be going to结构；句子翻译：—简和我这周日要去野餐，你愿意和我们一起去吗？—当然，到时候见。 （ ）2. If you try your best to do everything, you ______ a difference. A. make B. made C. will make D. have made 【答案】C 【解析】if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；固定搭配：make a difference（有影响）；句子翻译：如果你尽力做每件事，你会有所作为。 （ ）3. —Which team do you think ______ the final match? —I'm not sure. The final match will be held next week. A. won B. are going to win C. will win D. wins 【答案】C 【解析】next week表将来，用will+动词原形；句子翻译：—你认为哪个队会赢得决赛？—我不确定，决赛将在下周举行。 （ ）4. —Let's go camping if it ______ tomorrow! There are so many beautiful flowers now. —But I am not sure if it ______ tomorrow. Let me check first. A.won't rain; rains B. doesn't rain; will rain C. doesn't rain; rains D. won't rain; will rain 【答案】B 【解析】第一空if引导条件状语从句，用一般现在时表将来；第二空if引导宾语从句，tomorrow表将来用一般将来时；句子翻译：—如果明天不下雨我们去露营吧！现在有很多漂亮的花。—但我不确定明天是否会下雨，让我先查一下。 （ ）5. —I don't know why he left ______ without any words this morning. —Maybe he had something important to do. A. in a moment B. in a hurry C. in a way D. in a sense 【答案】B 【解析】根据“without any words”可知是匆忙离开；固定搭配：in a hurry（匆忙地）；句子翻译：—我不知道他今天早上为什么一句话不说就匆忙离开了。—也许他有重要的事情要做。 （ ）6. As soon as the Maths test started, John ______ his pen quickly and began to work on the problems. A. put up B. picked up C. got up D. grew up 【答案】B 【解析】as soon as引导时间状语从句，主从句时态一致（一般过去时）；句子翻译：数学考试一开始，约翰就迅速拿起笔开始做题。 （ ）7. —We will have a big basketball game next week, but we still need a player. —Why don't you ______ Bryan to join in the game? He is fantastic. A. invite B. teach C. warn D. throw 【答案】A 【解析】Why don't you do sth.（为什么不做某事）；句子翻译：—我们下周有一场大型篮球赛，但还需要一名球员。—你为什么不邀请布莱恩参加比赛？他很棒。 三、根据所给中文意思，用英语完成下列各句 1. 请捡起瓶子并递给我。 Please ____________ the bottle and pass it to me. 【答案】pick up 【解析】语法要点：祈使句用动词原形开头；固定搭配：pick up（捡起）。 2. 我这个周末打算去看望我的祖父母。 I am _____________ my grandparents this weekend. 【答案】going to visit 【解析】语法要点：be going to do sth. 表示计划或打算做某事。 3. 钟医生下了火车，然后匆忙离开了。 Dr Zhong got off the train and then left ______________. 【答案】in a hurry 【解析】语法要点：固定短语in a hurry表示“匆忙地”。 四、根据短文内容及方框中所给单词，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整（不可重复使用） work much invite story take Mr and Mrs White are my neighbours. Their house is small but they have a large garden. And they spend many happy hours 1.________ on it every day. While we spend our dollars in the market, the old couple can pick vegetables in their own garden. Last month, Mr and Mrs White 2.________ most of the neighbours to their garden for an “all-day food festival”. They asked us 3.________ gloves and arrive early in the morning. We didn't know what would take place. By 9:00 a.m., all of us were picking tomatoes, beans and other vegetables in the garden. At lunch, there were lots of laughs. We shared a lot of 4.________. After dinner, we played games. Before we left, Mr and Mrs White gave each of us a shopping bag filled with vegetables. What a great gift! Of course I loved the green vegetables, but I loved the happy time being with my neighbours 5.____________. Mr and Mrs White were so nice that they helped us learn from each other better. Now Mr and Mrs White teach us to grow vegetables online. And I can't wait to see my tomato plants bear fruit (结果). 【答案】1. working 2. invited 3. to take 4. stories 5. more 【解析】1. 语法要点：spend time doing sth. 表示花费时间做某事；固定搭配：work on the garden（打理花园）；2. 语法要点：last month表示过去时间，用一般过去时；固定搭配：invite sb. to sp.（邀请某人去某地）；3. 语法要点：ask sb. to do sth. 表示要求某人做某事；固定搭配：take gloves（带手套）；4. 语法要点：a lot of后接可数名词复数；固定搭配：share stories（分享故事）；5. 语法要点：much的比较级more表示“更……”；固定搭配：love...more（更爱……） 重点单词 名词 1. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2. neighbourhood (AmE neighborhood)街区；邻近的地方 3. neighbour(AmE neighbor)邻居 4. officer高级职员，官员 5. police officer警察，警员 6. station站，所，局[新义n.社会地位；身份] 7. police station警察局，派出所 8. restaurant 餐厅，餐馆 9. lawyer律师 10. law法律，法规；规则 11. community社区 12. laptop笔记本电脑 13. engineer工程师 14. college学院;〈美〉大学 15. rubbish 垃圾，废弃物[新义n.劣质的东西] 16. bench长椅 17. exchange交流 18. exchange student交换生 19. notice 通知 20. information/信息，消息 21. fever发烧；狂热 22. throat咽喉，喉咙 23. machine机器，机械装置 24. washing machine洗衣机 25. fridge (=refrigerator)冰箱 动词 1. tidy 使整洁，整理 2. invite邀请 3. wonder琢磨，想知道 4. raise 筹募[新义v.提升；养育] 5. organize (=organise)组织；安排 形容词 1. broken出了毛病的，破损的 2. willing 愿意，乐意 3. sore(发炎)疼痛的，酸痛的 4. able 能够 副词 1. any time在任何时候 代词 1. someone (=somebody)某人[新义pron.重要人物] 2. anyone (=anybody)任何人 3. anything任何事物 连词 1. if如果 兼类词 1. above prep.在(或向)……上面adv.在(或向)上面 2. volunteer n.志愿者v.自愿做，义务做，无偿做 3. check v.&n.检查，核查 4. repair v.&n.修理 5. such det.&pron.如此；这样的 6. below adv.在(或到)下面prep.在(或到)……下面 7. trouble n.问题，困难；麻烦v.麻烦；折磨；使烦恼 8. post v.发布；邮寄n.(网上发布的)帖子，博文；邮件[新义n.职位] 重点短语 1. 2. police station警察局，派出所 3. police officer警察，警员 4. live above us住在我们楼上 5. community centre社区中心 6. from time to time偶尔，不时 7. help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事 8. all kinds of各种各样的 9. ask for help求助 10. as well也 11. do some shopping购物 12. 13. help the old people tidy their flats帮助老人整理公寓 14. such a nice neighbourhood这么好的社区 15. know more about each other更加了解彼此 16. repair things like a broken bike修理像坏自行车这样的东西 17. clean up the park打扫公园 18. any time在任何时候 19. pick up the rubbish捡垃圾 20. in a hurry匆忙 21. don't worry别担心 22. share sth.with sb.与某人分享某物 23. have a fever发烧 24. have trouble with sth.在……方面有困难 25. deal with处理，应对 26. know a lot about...非常了解…… 27. raise money for...为……筹钱 28. give away赠送；分发 29. in need在困境中；有需要的 30. make our community a better place让我们的社区变得更好 重点句型 1. What’s your neighbourhood like?你的社区是什么样的？ 2. They are always ready to help others.他们总是乐于助人。 3. He helps us learn about laws at the community centre from time to time. 他有时在社区中心帮我们学习法律知识。 4. Some of them are volunteers.其中一些是志愿者。 5. There’s something wrong with my laptop.我的笔记本电脑出了问题。 6. My sister Annie’s bicycles is broken.我妹妹安妮的自行车坏了。 7. I’m going to ask a computer engineer to check it.我打算请一位计算机工程师来检查一下。 8. My sister Annie’s bicycles is broken，so she is going to have someone repair it . 我妹妹安妮的自行车坏了，所以她打算找人修理。 9. Some college students are willing to help.一些大学生愿意提供帮助。 10. Do the old people get any help as well ?老年人是否也得到任何帮助？ 11. The volunteers often visit the old people and do some shopping for them. 志愿者们经常探望老人，帮他们采购生活用品。 12. This weekend, they’ll help the old people tidy their flats.这个周末，他们将帮老人们整理公寓。 13. You’re lucky to live in such a nice neighbourhood, Simon.西蒙，你住在这片好社区真是幸运。 14. Why not be a volunteer at our community centre？为何不加入我们社区中心的志愿者行列？ 15. Join us and we can plan these activities together!加入我们，我们可以一起规划这些活动！ 16. Join us and give back to our community.加入我们，回馈社会。 17. Let's keep it looking nice.让我们保持良好的外观。 18. First,we’ll pick up the rubbish in the park.首先，我们要去公园捡垃圾。 19. Do you have a fever or a sore throat?您是否出现发热或咽痛症状？ 20. Are you having trouble sleeping?您是否存在睡眠障碍？ 21. Our engineers are here to help you deal with these problem! 我们的工程师随时为您排忧解难！ 22. Are you wondering what to wear to a party?还在为派对穿搭发愁吗？ 23. They will be able to give you some ideas.他们能给您一些建议。 24. Sell them to raise money for plants and flowers in the community garden. 通过出售旧书为社区花园的植物花卉筹集资金。 25. First,we can give away some of our old books.首先，我们可以捐出一些旧书。 $