寒假作业02 构词法（巩固培优）高一英语外研版

限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业02 构词法 一.转化 用法：转化构词法是指一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。也就是说，一个单词可作名词，也可作动词或别的词类，从意思上讲，是一词多义；从语法上讲，是一个词可有多种语法功能。 dream v.遇见；n.梦 I dreamed a terrible dream.我做了一个噩梦。 动词 名词 home n.家；故乡；adv.在（向，到）家 At four o’clock I went home.Then I went to Uncle Wang’s home. 副词 名词 我4点回到家，然后去了王叔叔家。 二.合成 用法：合成构词法是指由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连字符“-”连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。合成词中有合成名词、合成形容词、合成动词、合成代词、合成副词等，其中合成名词和合成形容词较多。 class+room=classroom教室 名词+名词 black+board=blackboard黑板 形容词+名词 good+looking=good-looking相貌好看的 形容词+分词 over+come=overcome克服 副词+动词 提示：多数合成名词变成复数时，只把主体名词变成复数，而由man，woman构成的合成名词变为复数时，必须把主体名词和man或woman都变为复数。 daughter(s)-in-law儿媳 passer(s)-by路人 women teachers女教师 men doctors男医生 注意：当数词和表示年龄、质量、尺寸等的名词用连字符“-”构成合成词时，这些名词用单数形式。 He is a five-year-old boy.=He is five years old.他是一个5岁的小男孩。 It’s a four-foot-long box.这个盒子有4英尺长。 三.派生 用法：1.派生构词法是指由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。 2.常用的前缀 （1）un-表示否定，意为“不”comfortable舒适的→uncomfortable不舒适的 （2）dis-表示否定，意为“不”honest诚实的→dishonest不诚实的 （3）in-表示否定，意为“不”formal正式的→informal非正式的 （4）im-表示否定，意为“不”polite礼貌的→impolite无礼的 （5）ir-表示否定，意为“不”regular规则的→irregular不规则的 （6）il-表示否定，意为“不”legal合法的→illegal不合法的 （7）re-表示“再一次，重复”tell告诉→retell复述 （8）mis-表示“错误地”understand理解→misunderstand误解 （9）self-表示“自动，自我”service服务→self-service自助 （10）inter-表示“之间的，相互的”national国家的→international国际的 3.常用的后缀 （1）名词后缀-er：work工作→worker工人 （2）名词后缀-or：sail航行→sailor水手 （3）名词后缀-tion：invite邀请→invitation请柬 （4）名词后缀-sion：express表达→expression表达 （5）名词后缀-ment：govern统治→government政府 （6）名词后缀-ness：happy快乐的→happiness快乐 （7）名词后缀-hood：child孩子→childhood儿童时代 （8）形容词后缀-ful：care小心→careful小心的 （9）形容词后缀-less：use使用→useless无用的 （10）形容词后缀-y：snow雪→snowy下雪的 （11）形容词后缀-ly：friend朋友→friendly友好的 （12）副词后缀-ly：nervous紧张的→nervously紧张地 careful仔细的→carefully仔细地 （13）动词后缀-ize：real现实的→realize领悟，体会 （14）动词后缀-en：deep深深地→deepen使……变深 提示：加上前缀引起词义的变化，一般不改变原词的词类。 加上后缀改变原词的词类，一般不改变原词的基本词义。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一．词性转换 （25-26高一上·全国·课后作业） 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1．teach — n.教师 2．act — n.演员 3．art — n.艺术家 4．develop — n.发展 5．arrive — n.到达 6．approve — n.同意 7．important — n.重要 8．suspect — n.怀疑 9．admit — n.准许加入 10．expect — n.期望 11．child — n.童年 12．friend — n.友谊 二．词性转换 （25-26高一上·全国·课后作业） 1．benefit—— adj.有益的 2．office—— adj.官方的 3．finance—— adj.金融的 4．agriculture—— adj.农业的 5．nation—— adj.国家的 6．education—— adj.教育的 7．profession —— adj.专业的 8．accept—— adj.可接受的 9．comfort—— adj.舒适的 10．care—— adj.仔细的 11．beauty—— adj.漂亮的 12．act—— adj.活跃的 13．create—— adj.有创造力的 14．importance—— adj.重要的 15．difference—— adj.不同的 三．单句填空 1．（25-26高一上·天津·阶段练习）It was his (positively) attitude to life and hard work that finally led him to his successful career. 2．（25-26高一上·天津·阶段练习）Looking at the (frighten) expression on his face, I could tell he must have experienced something frightening. 3．（25-26高一上·天津·阶段练习）Shanghai is an impressive city whose historic buildings often make a deep (impress) on visitors. 4．（25-26高三上·河南南阳·开学考试）The (explore) of Mars by the newest robotic system will begin next month. 5．（25-26高一上·全国·课后作业）He was (eagerness) for Tom to come to the party. 6．（25-26高一上·河南南阳·开学考试） (frighten) and angry, she pulled out of the campaign. 7．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）In addition, some famous (profession) writers will be invited to give us talks on short story writing. 8．（2026高三·全国·专题练习） (actual), we don’t compete with your familiar rowing boats but dragon boats because dragons are considered as a symbol of our Chinese culture. 9．（24-25高一下·重庆江津·期中）When I was in my senior high school, I always referred to a dictionary when meeting with an (familiar) word. 10．（24-25高一下·广东东莞·月考）The (eager) of the audience to see the famous singer was obvious. 11．（24-25高一上·天津·阶段练习）It requires a lot of   (patient) to look after such a seriously sick person. 12．（24-25高一上·天津·阶段练习）Thanks to his (generous), we finally overcame the hardship and returned our life to normal. 13．（24-25高一上·天津滨海新·期中）The girl went to pick up the bag (contain) her medals, tears streaming down her cheeks. 14．（24-25高一上·黑龙江大庆·阶段练习）He drove at full speed and shot past the old man, totally (aware) of the potential risk. 15．（23-24高一上·海南三亚·期中）He had the (oppose) view and felt that the war was immoral. 16．（22-23高一上·内蒙古呼和浩特·期中）Scientific research has showed that daydreaming may improve your mental health and (creative). 17．（22-23高一上·福建漳州·期中）It’s hard to change your (behave), even harder to keep it changed. 18．（24-25高二上·天津静海·阶段练习）Laughter is one of the most infectious expression of (emotive). （24-25高一上·浙江温州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Calligraphy, a centuries-old art form with various styles to express different personalities, is seeing a 1 (revive). At Michael’s, the largest arts and crafts shop in North America, over 10,000 customers 2 (register) for lettering classes online between January 2023 and March 2024. It was nearly three times more than last year, when the number of classes didn’t change. Calligraphy, dating back to the 14th century B．C．, had become known in China 3 a sign of good character by the 10th century. In Europe, calligraphy experienced a big fall in the 19th century with the appearance of the typewriter, 4 it continued to be used for official documents and scholarly purposes. Today, part of calligraphy’s attraction lies in the fact that anyone 5 has a pen and paper can give it a go. Ms. Edralin, 6 London calligraphy teacher, took up the practice in 2017 as a way 7 (deal) with anxiety from a demanding job. After several classes, she 8 (complete) lost herself in the beauty of crafting lines into letters, and letters into words. “Even with technological advance 9 (come), nothing will replace the love, patience and time that go into creating something by hand,” said Mr. Jain, 27 at Credit Karma. “I know that the cards I give last a lot 10 (long) compared to a text message.” （24-25高一上·天津北辰·期末）阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容完成下列各题。 On Thanksgiving, Scott Macaulay is preparing a full turkey dinner for a whole bunch of people he’s never met. His 70 guests—elderly people, low-income people, at-risk teens, and others—have one detail in common: Without Macaulay, they’d be alone on Thanksgiving. “What I do isn’t a big deal, really,” the 52-year-old said. “I just cook some food.” Macaulay’s unconventional Thanksgiving tradition began in 1985, right around the time his parents decided to get divorced. The holidays got messy that year, and Macaulay, who was 24 at the time, sensed he’d be spending Thanksgiving alone. It was a terrible feeling. “Thanksgiving isn’t about fireworks or band concerts,” he said. “It’s a celebration around a table with food. It’s not fun to do that by yourself.” Macaulay placed an ad in his local paper with a simple message: If people thought they might be alone on Thanksgiving, they could give Macaulay a call. A few people showed up at Macaulay’s place that first year. It was nice. So he placed another ad the following year, and the year after that. In recent years, Macaulay has been hosting his Thanksgiving dinners at local churches with lots of space. He still buys and prepares all the food himself and spends about 40 hours putting the whole affair together. On Thanksgiving Day, he runs around nonstop from about 5 a.m. to p.m. Macaulay said he’d love to see other people hold similar dinners all over the country. “I think someone in every town should do this,” he said, “so nobody has to be alone.” 1．What does the underlined word “bunch” in the first paragraph mean? (1 word) 2．What feature did those 70 people have in common? (no more than 10 words) 3．How did people know Macaulay’s invitation for Thanksgiving? (no more than 15 words) 4．What’s the last paragraph mainly about? (no more than 10 words) 5．What do you think of Scott Macaulay? (no more than 25 words) $限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业02 构词法 一.转化 用法：转化构词法是指一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。也就是说，一个单词可作名词，也可作动词或别的词类，从意思上讲，是一词多义；从语法上讲，是一个词可有多种语法功能。 dream v.遇见；n.梦 I dreamed a terrible dream.我做了一个噩梦。 动词 名词 home n.家；故乡；adv.在（向，到）家 At four o’clock I went home.Then I went to Uncle Wang’s home. 副词 名词 我4点回到家，然后去了王叔叔家。 二.合成 用法：合成构词法是指由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连字符“-”连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。合成词中有合成名词、合成形容词、合成动词、合成代词、合成副词等，其中合成名词和合成形容词较多。 class+room=classroom教室 名词+名词 black+board=blackboard黑板 形容词+名词 good+looking=good-looking相貌好看的 形容词+分词 over+come=overcome克服 副词+动词 提示：多数合成名词变成复数时，只把主体名词变成复数，而由man，woman构成的合成名词变为复数时，必须把主体名词和man或woman都变为复数。 daughter(s)-in-law儿媳 passer(s)-by路人 women teachers女教师 men doctors男医生 注意：当数词和表示年龄、质量、尺寸等的名词用连字符“-”构成合成词时，这些名词用单数形式。 He is a five-year-old boy.=He is five years old.他是一个5岁的小男孩。 It’s a four-foot-long box.这个盒子有4英尺长。 三.派生 用法：1.派生构词法是指由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。 2.常用的前缀 （1）un-表示否定，意为“不”comfortable舒适的→uncomfortable不舒适的 （2）dis-表示否定，意为“不”honest诚实的→dishonest不诚实的 （3）in-表示否定，意为“不”formal正式的→informal非正式的 （4）im-表示否定，意为“不”polite礼貌的→impolite无礼的 （5）ir-表示否定，意为“不”regular规则的→irregular不规则的 （6）il-表示否定，意为“不”legal合法的→illegal不合法的 （7）re-表示“再一次，重复”tell告诉→retell复述 （8）mis-表示“错误地”understand理解→misunderstand误解 （9）self-表示“自动，自我”service服务→self-service自助 （10）inter-表示“之间的，相互的”national国家的→international国际的 3.常用的后缀 （1）名词后缀-er：work工作→worker工人 （2）名词后缀-or：sail航行→sailor水手 （3）名词后缀-tion：invite邀请→invitation请柬 （4）名词后缀-sion：express表达→expression表达 （5）名词后缀-ment：govern统治→government政府 （6）名词后缀-ness：happy快乐的→happiness快乐 （7）名词后缀-hood：child孩子→childhood儿童时代 （8）形容词后缀-ful：care小心→careful小心的 （9）形容词后缀-less：use使用→useless无用的 （10）形容词后缀-y：snow雪→snowy下雪的 （11）形容词后缀-ly：friend朋友→friendly友好的 （12）副词后缀-ly：nervous紧张的→nervously紧张地 careful仔细的→carefully仔细地 （13）动词后缀-ize：real现实的→realize领悟，体会 （14）动词后缀-en：deep深深地→deepen使……变深 提示：加上前缀引起词义的变化，一般不改变原词的词类。 加上后缀改变原词的词类，一般不改变原词的基本词义。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一．词性转换 （25-26高一上·全国·课后作业） 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1．teach — n.教师 2．act — n.演员 3．art — n.艺术家 4．develop — n.发展 5．arrive — n.到达 6．approve — n.同意 7．important — n.重要 8．suspect — n.怀疑 9．admit — n.准许加入 10．expect — n.期望 11．child — n.童年 12．friend — n.友谊 【答案】1．teacher 2．actor 3．artist 4．development 5．arrival 6．approval 7．importance 8．suspicion 9．admission 10．expectation 11．childhood 12．friendship 【解析】1．teach，动词，意为“教（课程）”，其名词“教师”为teacher。故填teacher。 2．act，动词，意为“行动；表演”，其名词“演员”为actor。故填actor。 3．art，名词，意为“艺术；美术”，其名词“艺术家”为artist。故填artist。 4．develop，动词，意为“发展；开发”，其名词“发展”为development。故填development。 5．arrive，动词，意为“到达；抵达”，其名词“到达”为arrival。故填arrival。 6．approve，动词，意为“同意；赞成”，其名词“同意”为approval。故填approval。 7．important，形容词，意为“重要的”，其名词“重要”为importance。故填importance。 8．suspect，作动词时意为“怀疑；猜想”，作名词时意为“嫌疑分子；可疑对象”，其名词“怀疑”为suspicion。故填suspicion。 9．admit，动词，意为“准许加入；承认”，其名词“准许加入”为admission。故填admission。 10．expect，动词，意为“期望；预料”，其名词“期望”为expectation。故填expectation。 11．child，名词，意为“孩子；儿童”，其名词“童年”为childhood。故填childhood。 12．friend，名词，意为“朋友”，其名词“友谊”为friendship。故填friendship。 二．词性转换 （25-26高一上·全国·课后作业） 1．benefit—— adj.有益的 2．office—— adj.官方的 3．finance—— adj.金融的 4．agriculture—— adj.农业的 5．nation—— adj.国家的 6．education—— adj.教育的 7．profession —— adj.专业的 8．accept—— adj.可接受的 9．comfort—— adj.舒适的 10．care—— adj.仔细的 11．beauty—— adj.漂亮的 12．act—— adj.活跃的 13．create—— adj.有创造力的 14．importance—— adj.重要的 15．difference—— adj.不同的 【答案】1．beneficial 2．official 3．financial 4．agricultural 5．national 6．educational 7．professional 8．acceptable 9．comfortable 10．careful 11．beautiful 12．active 13．creative 14．important 15．different 【解析】1．benefit为动词或名词，其形容词形式表示“有益的”的英文为beneficial，故答案是beneficial。 2．office为名词，其形容词形式表示“官方的”的英文为official，故答案是official。 3．finance为名词，其形容词形式表示“金融的”的英文为financial，故答案是financial。 4．agriculture为名词，其形容词形式表示“农业的”的英文为agricultural，故答案是agricultural。 5．nation为名词，其形容词形式表示“国家的”的英文为national，故答案是national。 6．education为名词，其形容词形式表示“教育的”的英文为educational，故答案是educational。 7．profession为名词，其形容词形式表示“专业的”的英文为professional，故答案是professional。 8．accept为动词，其形容词形式表示“可接受的”的英文为acceptable，故答案是acceptable。 9．comfort为动词或名词，其形容词形式表示“舒适的”的英文为comfortable，故答案是comfortable。 10．care为动词或名词，其形容词形式表示“仔细的”的英文为careful，故答案是careful。 11．beauty为名词，其形容词形式表示“漂亮的”的英文为beautiful，故答案是beautiful。 12．act为动词或名词，其形容词形式表示“活跃的”的英文为active，故答案是active。 13．create为动词，其形容词形式表示“有创造力的”的英文为creative，故答案是creative。 14．importance为名词，其形容词形式表示“重要的”的英文为important，故答案是important。 15．difference为名词，其形容词形式表示“不同的”的英文为different，故答案是different。 三．单句填空 1．（25-26高一上·天津·阶段练习）It was his (positively) attitude to life and hard work that finally led him to his successful career. 【答案】positive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：正是他对生活积极的态度和努力工作，最终成就了他成功的事业。句中attitude是名词，需要用形容词来修饰，positively是副词，其形容词形式为positive，意为“积极的” ，在句中作定语修饰attitude。故填positive 。 2．（25-26高一上·天津·阶段练习）Looking at the (frighten) expression on his face, I could tell he must have experienced something frightening. 【答案】frightened 【详解】考查形容词。句意：看着他脸上惊恐的表情，我知道他一定经历了什么可怕的事情。空处作定语修饰名词expression，结合“I could tell he must have experienced something frightening”可知，空处是描述“他”表情所反映的心理感受，应用-ed结尾的形容词frightened，意为“惊恐的，害怕的”。故填frightened。 3．（25-26高一上·天津·阶段练习）Shanghai is an impressive city whose historic buildings often make a deep (impress) on visitors. 【答案】impression 【详解】考查名词。句意：上海是一座令人印象深刻的城市，其历史建筑常常给游客留下深刻的印象。make a deep impression on sb.为固定短语，意为“给某人留下深刻印象”，这里需要用名词形式impression作宾语，故填impression。 4．（25-26高三上·河南南阳·开学考试）The (explore) of Mars by the newest robotic system will begin next month. 【答案】exploration 【详解】考查名词。句意：通过最新机器人系统进行的火星探索将于下个月开始。根据空前冠词The和空后介词of可知，此空应是名词作句子主语。所给词explore为动词，意为“探索”。其名词exploration意为“探索，勘探”。the exploration of...意为“对……的探索”。故填exploration。 5．（25-26高一上·全国·课后作业）He was (eagerness) for Tom to come to the party. 【答案】eager 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他热切地盼望汤姆来参加聚会。所给词eagerness是名词，意为“渴望”，此处需要形容词作表语，eagerness的形容词形式是eager，be eager for sb. to do sth.表示“渴望某人做某事”。故填eager。 6．（25-26高一上·河南南阳·开学考试） (frighten) and angry, she pulled out of the campaign. 【答案】Frightened 【详解】考查形容词作状语。句意：感到害怕和生气，她退出了竞选。分析可知，所填应是形容词，与之后的“angry”为并列关系，此处为形容词作状语。“frighten”，动词，意为“使害怕”，结合主语“she”可知，-ed结尾的形容词“frightened(感到害怕的)”符合语境，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Frightened。 7．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）In addition, some famous (profession) writers will be invited to give us talks on short story writing. 【答案】professional 【详解】考查形容词。句意：此外，一些著名的专业作家将被邀请给我们做短篇小说写作的讲座。根据空格后的名词writers可知，此处需要一个形容词来修饰，profession的形容词形式为professional，表示“专业的”。故填professional。    8．（2026高三·全国·专题练习） (actual), we don’t compete with your familiar rowing boats but dragon boats because dragons are considered as a symbol of our Chinese culture. 【答案】Actually 【详解】考查副词。句意：实际上，我们不是用你熟悉的划艇比赛，而是用龙舟比赛，因为龙被认为是我们中国文化的象征。分析句子可知，设空处应填副词作状语修饰整个句子，再结合句意“实际上”是Actually。故填Actually。 9．（24-25高一下·重庆江津·期中）When I was in my senior high school, I always referred to a dictionary when meeting with an (familiar) word. 【答案】unfamiliar 【详解】考查形容词。句意：当我在高中的时候，当我遇到不熟悉的单词时，我总是查字典。空处修饰名词word，应填形容词作定语，结合“I always referred to a dictionary”可知此处指“当我遇到不熟悉的单词时”，使用形容词unfamiliar，故填unfamiliar。 10．（24-25高一下·广东东莞·月考）The (eager) of the audience to see the famous singer was obvious. 【答案】eagerness 【详解】考查名词。句意：观众想见那位著名歌手的渴望是显而易见的。空处作主语，需用名词eagerness，为不可数名词。故填eagerness。 11．（24-25高一上·天津·阶段练习）It requires a lot of   (patient) to look after such a seriously sick person. 【答案】patience 【详解】考查名词。句意：照顾这样一个病重的人需要很大的耐心。空处和前面的a lot of搭配，需用名词形式，patient的名词形式为patience，表示“耐心”，为不可数名词。故填patience。 12．（24-25高一上·天津·阶段练习）Thanks to his (generous), we finally overcame the hardship and returned our life to normal. 【答案】generosity 【详解】考查名词。句意：多亏了他的慷慨，我们终于克服了困难，恢复了正常的生活。空处作Thanks to的宾语并被形容词性物主代词his修饰，应用generous的名词形式generosity，表示“慷慨”，不可数名词。故填generosity。 13．（24-25高一上·天津滨海新·期中）The girl went to pick up the bag (contain) her medals, tears streaming down her cheeks. 【答案】containing 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：女孩去拿装着她奖牌的包，眼泪流淌在她的脸颊上。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词bag，contain和逻辑主语bag是主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填containing。 14．（24-25高一上·黑龙江大庆·阶段练习）He drove at full speed and shot past the old man, totally (aware) of the potential risk. 【答案】unaware 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他全速开车，从老人身边飞过，完全没有意识到潜在的风险。分析句子可知，空格处应用形容词，作状语，根据句意可知，应用“unaware”，意为“没意识到的”，形容词词性。故填unaware。 15．（23-24高一上·海南三亚·期中）He had the (oppose) view and felt that the war was immoral. 【答案】opposing 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他持反对意见，认为这场战争是不道德的。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词view，view意为“观点”，用修饰物的ing结尾的形容词opposing修饰，意为“反对的”。故填opposing。 16．（22-23高一上·内蒙古呼和浩特·期中）Scientific research has showed that daydreaming may improve your mental health and (creative). 【答案】creativity 【详解】考查名词。句意：科学研究表明，白日梦可以改善你的心理健康和创造力。分析句子，设空处使用creative的名词creativity作宾语，意为“创造力”。故填creativity。 17．（22-23高一上·福建漳州·期中）It’s hard to change your (behave), even harder to keep it changed. 【答案】behavior 【详解】考查名词。句意：改变你的行为很难，让你的行为保持被改变的状态更难。根据空前的change your可知，空处应用名词作宾语。behavior意为“行为，举止”，为不可数名词。故填behavior。 18．（24-25高二上·天津静海·阶段练习）Laughter is one of the most infectious expression of (emotive). 【答案】emotion 【详解】考查名词。句意：笑是最具感染力的情感表达之一。介词of后接名词形式。emotive的名词为emotion，为“情感；感情；情绪”之意。故填emotion。 （24-25高一上·浙江温州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Calligraphy, a centuries-old art form with various styles to express different personalities, is seeing a 1 (revive). At Michael’s, the largest arts and crafts shop in North America, over 10,000 customers 2 (register) for lettering classes online between January 2023 and March 2024. It was nearly three times more than last year, when the number of classes didn’t change. Calligraphy, dating back to the 14th century B．C．, had become known in China 3 a sign of good character by the 10th century. In Europe, calligraphy experienced a big fall in the 19th century with the appearance of the typewriter, 4 it continued to be used for official documents and scholarly purposes. Today, part of calligraphy’s attraction lies in the fact that anyone 5 has a pen and paper can give it a go. Ms. Edralin, 6 London calligraphy teacher, took up the practice in 2017 as a way 7 (deal) with anxiety from a demanding job. After several classes, she 8 (complete) lost herself in the beauty of crafting lines into letters, and letters into words. “Even with technological advance 9 (come), nothing will replace the love, patience and time that go into creating something by hand,” said Mr. Jain, 27 at Credit Karma. “I know that the cards I give last a lot 10 (long) compared to a text message.” 【答案】1．revival 2．registered 3．as 4．but 5．who 6．a 7．to deal 8．completely 9．coming 10．longer 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了书法，一种有着数百年历史的艺术形式，以各种风格表达不同的个性，正在经历复兴。 1．考查名词。句意：书法，一种有着数百年历史的艺术形式，以各种风格表达不同的个性，正在复兴。不定冠词a后需接名词，作宾语，revive的名词形式为revival，意为“复兴；复苏”。故填revival。 2．考查动词时态。句意：在北美最大的工艺美术商店Michael’s，在2023年1月至2024年3月期间，有超过1万名客户在网上注册了书法班。根据时间状语“between January 2023 and March 2024”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，register的过去式为 registered。故填registered。 3．考查固定短语。句意：书法可以追溯到公元前14世纪，到10世纪时，书法在中国已经被认为是良好品格的标志。become known as为固定短语，意为“作为……而出名”，这里表示在中国书法作为良好品格的标志而为人所知。故填as。 4．考查连词。句意：在欧洲，随着打字机的出现，书法在19世纪经历了一次大衰落，但它继续被用于官方文件和学术目的。前文提到书法因打字机的出现而衰落，后文说它仍用于官方文件和学术目的，前后为转折关系，故用连词but表示“但是”，满足上下句逻辑关系。故填but。 5．考查定语从句。句意：今天，书法的部分吸引力在于，任何有纸笔的人都可以试一试。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为anyone，指人，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导定语从句。故填who。 6．考查冠词。句意：埃德拉林是伦敦的一名书法教师，她从2017年开始练习书法，以此来应对一份要求很高的工作带来的焦虑。此处表示“一位伦敦的书法老师”，表泛指，London 以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。故填a。 7．考查动词不定式。句意：埃德拉林是伦敦的一名书法教师，她从2017年开始练习书法，以此来应对一份要求很高的工作带来的焦虑。a way to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“做某事的方法”，所以用动词不定式形作后置定语修饰way。故填to deal。 8．考查副词。句意：几节课后，她完全沉浸在把线条变成字母、把字母变成单词的美妙之中。修饰动词lost需用副词，complete的副词形式为completely，意为“完全地”。故填completely。 9．考查with复合结构。句意：“即使技术进步，手工创造东西所付出的爱、耐心和时间也无法取代，”Credit Karma公司27岁的贾恩说。此处为with 复合结构，即“with +宾语 +宾语补足语”，advance与come之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词coming作宾语补足语。故填coming。 10．考查比较级。句意：我知道，与短信相比，我送的贺卡意义更持久。根据 “compared to a text message”可知，此处是将卡片与短信进行比较，应用比较级，long的比较级为longer。故填longer。 （24-25高一上·天津北辰·期末）阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容完成下列各题。 On Thanksgiving, Scott Macaulay is preparing a full turkey dinner for a whole bunch of people he’s never met. His 70 guests—elderly people, low-income people, at-risk teens, and others—have one detail in common: Without Macaulay, they’d be alone on Thanksgiving. “What I do isn’t a big deal, really,” the 52-year-old said. “I just cook some food.” Macaulay’s unconventional Thanksgiving tradition began in 1985, right around the time his parents decided to get divorced. The holidays got messy that year, and Macaulay, who was 24 at the time, sensed he’d be spending Thanksgiving alone. It was a terrible feeling. “Thanksgiving isn’t about fireworks or band concerts,” he said. “It’s a celebration around a table with food. It’s not fun to do that by yourself.” Macaulay placed an ad in his local paper with a simple message: If people thought they might be alone on Thanksgiving, they could give Macaulay a call. A few people showed up at Macaulay’s place that first year. It was nice. So he placed another ad the following year, and the year after that. In recent years, Macaulay has been hosting his Thanksgiving dinners at local churches with lots of space. He still buys and prepares all the food himself and spends about 40 hours putting the whole affair together. On Thanksgiving Day, he runs around nonstop from about 5 a.m. to p.m. Macaulay said he’d love to see other people hold similar dinners all over the country. “I think someone in every town should do this,” he said, “so nobody has to be alone.” 1．What does the underlined word “bunch” in the first paragraph mean? (1 word) 2．What feature did those 70 people have in common? (no more than 10 words) 3．How did people know Macaulay’s invitation for Thanksgiving? (no more than 15 words) 4．What’s the last paragraph mainly about? (no more than 10 words) 5．What do you think of Scott Macaulay? (no more than 25 words) 【答案】1．Group. 2．They would be alone on Thanksgiving without Macaulay. 3．By reading the ad written by Macaulay in a local paper. 4．What Macaulay has done on Thanksgiving in recent years. 5．He is generous and warm-hearted. Because of his own experience, he could deeply understand lonely people, so he does what he can do to help them. 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了主要讲述了Macaulay连续多年宴请独自过感恩节的人。他们围着桌子、吃着食物庆祝感恩节，每次为了感恩节的宴请，他都劳心劳力，从早忙到晚。 1．词句猜测题。划线词句后文“His 70 guests—elderly people, low-income people, at-risk teens, and others—have one detail in common: Without Macaulay, they’d be alone on Thanksgiving.(他的70位客人——老年人、低收入者、处境危险的青少年和其他人——有一个共同点：没有Macaulay，他们将独自度过感恩节。)”说明Macaulay宴请独自过感恩节的人，从而推知划线词句“On Thanksgiving, Scott Macaulay is preparing a full turkey dinner for a whole bunch of people he’s never met.(感恩节那天，Scott Macaulay正在为一bunch素未谋面的人准备丰盛的火鸡大餐。)”，其中划线词应为“一伙，一群”的意思，与group同义。故答案为Group。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段中“His 70 guests—elderly people, low-income people, at-risk teens, and others—have one detail in common: Without Macaulay, they’d be alone on Thanksgiving.(他的70位客人——老年人、低收入者、处境危险的青少年和其他人——有一个共同点：没有Macaulay，他们将独自度过感恩节。)”可知，这70位客人的共同点在于没有Macaulay，他们将独自度过感恩节。故答案为They would be alone on Thanksgiving without Macaulay。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Macaulay placed an ad in his local paper with a simple message: If people thought they might be alone on Thanksgiving, they could give Macaulay a call.( Macaulay在当地报纸上刊登了一则广告，上面写着一条简单的信息：如果有人觉得感恩节可能是独自一人，可以给Macaulay打个电话。)”可知，人们通过阅读Macaulay在当地报纸上写的广告知道Macaulay的感恩节邀请。故答案为By reading the ad written by Macaulay in a local paper。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“In recent years, Macaulay has been hosting his Thanksgiving dinners at local churches with lots of space. He still buys and prepares all the food himself and spends about 40 hours putting the whole affair together. On Thanksgiving Day, he runs around nonstop from about 5 a.m. to p.m. Macaulay said he’d love to see other people hold similar dinners all over the country. ‘I think someone in every town should do this,’ he said, ‘so nobody has to be alone.’(近年来，Macaulay一直在空间很大的当地教堂举办感恩节晚宴。他仍然自己购买和准备所有的食物，花大约40个小时来准备整个活动。感恩节那天，他从早上5点左右一直跑到下午。Macaulay说，他希望看到全国各地的人都能举办类似的晚宴。‘我认为每个城镇都应该有人这样做，’Macaulay说，‘这样就没有人会孤单。’)”可知，本段主要讲述了最近几年Macaulay在感恩节所做的事情。故答案为What Macaulay has done on Thanksgiving in recent years。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段“On Thanksgiving, Scott Macaulay is preparing a full turkey dinner for a whole bunch of people he’s never met. His 70 guests—elderly people, low-income people, at-risk teens, and others—have one detail in common: Without Macaulay, they’d be alone on Thanksgiving.(感恩节那天，Scott Macaulay正在为一群素未谋面的人准备丰盛的火鸡大餐。他的70位客人——老年人、低收入者、处境危险的青少年和其他人——有一个共同点：没有Macaulay，他们将独自度过感恩节。)”以及全文可知，Macaulay把那些独自度过感恩节的人邀请到自己家里，一起过感恩节，并且为他们准备丰盛的火鸡大餐，可推知，Macaulay很慷慨和热心肠。因为他自己的经历，他能深刻理解孤独的人，所以他做他能做的来帮助他们。故答案为He is generous and warm-hearted. Because of his own experience, he could deeply understand lonely people, so he does what he can do to help them。 $