寒假作业04 时态2（现在完成时）（巩固培优）高一英语外研版

限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业05 时态2（现在完成时） 1. 现在完成时的构成: have\has+过去分词 (过去分词的构成有规则变化和不规则变化) 2. 现在完成时的四个基本句型 肯定句 主语+has/have +过去分词+其他. He has finished the work. 一般疑问句 Has/Have + 主语 +过去分词+其他？ 肯定回答：Yes,主语+has/have. 否定回答：No,主语 + hasn’t/haven’t. Has he finished the work? 肯定回答：Yes ,he has. 否定回答：No, he hasn’t. 否定句 主语+hasn’t/haven’t+过去分词+其他. He has not finished the work. 特殊疑问句 疑问词+ has/have +主语 +过去分词+其他？ What has he done? 3. 现在完成时的用法: （1）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影响或结果。 The car has arrived. 车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口） Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着） （2）表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。 My uncle has worked at this factory for five years.  我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。 Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自从2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中国。  （1）过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。现在完成时可以和already(通常用于陈述句), yet(通常用于否定句和疑问句), just（用于陈述句）, ever（用于疑问句）, never（用于否定句）, before, twice, three times等连用。 （2）发生在过去并持续到现在的动作或状态。表示从过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时（肯定句和疑问句中动词必须用延续性动词）,时间状语有：during/in the past(last) few years, for +时间段, since…ago, since+过去时间点, since+过去式句子, by now, up to now, recently, in recent years… I have been away from my hometown for three years.(我离开家乡有3年了) = I have been away from my hometown since three years ago. = I have been away from my hometown since 2019. = It is 3 years since I left my hometown. 4.时间标志词 for+时间（多长时间） since+过去某时（自从……） all this week（整整这一周） often（常常） how long（多长时间） today（今天） always（总是） all day（整天） lately（最近） recently（最近） so far（到目前为止） up to now（直到现在） till/until now（直到现在） in the past/last three years/months/days...最近3年/3个月/3天…… up to these few days/weeks/months...最近几天/几个星期/几个月 these days/months/years...这些天/月/年…… this week/month/year...这个星期/月/今年…… during the past/last days...最近这些日子 五、几组辨析 1、already和yet的区别 （1）already. adv. “已经”多用于肯定句中,通常与动词的完成时或进行时连用。 I’ve seen the film already. 我已经看过这部电影了。 The train has already left. 火车已经开走了。 （2）yet. adv. “已经、仍然、还”一般只用于否定句或疑问句,且常常置于句末。如： He hasn’t found his bike yet. 他还没有找到他的自行车。 Have you read Treasure Island yet? 你读过《金银岛》？ 【易错提醒】already也可用于疑问句，但不表真心的疑问，而表“惊奇”。它多置于句中，有时为了强调而置于句末。 ►Have you already had breakfast? 难道你已经吃过早餐了？ 2、since和for的区别 for+时间段：I have worked here for 12 years. since+时间点：I have lived here since 2008. since+一段时间+ago=for +时间段：The film has been on since 10 minutes ago. since +从句（一般过去时）：Two hours have passed since he arrived here. It's+一段时间+since（一般过去时句子）：It's three years since my grandpa died. 3、have been to/have gone to/have been in 形式 意义 用法 have/has been to 表示“曾经去过……” 经验 表示“到……去过了” 完成 have/has been in 表示“曾在……” 经验 表示“一直在……” 继续 I have been to Rome twice.（经验）我曾去过罗马两次。 I have been to the museum to see the exhibition.（完成）我到博物馆去看展览了。 A:Have you ever been in Lhasa?（经验）你曾在拉萨住过吗？ B:Yes,I have.是的，住过。 B:No,I have not been there yet.没有，我还没在那儿住过呢。 在have/has been in/to...的句子中，in/to后面跟的是名词，如果是副词here，there，则不用to/in。 We have been in the library all day.（继续）我们一整天都呆在图书馆。 补充：have/has been to用于“经验”，表示“曾去过……”时，常和often，once，twice等频率副词连用。I have often been to Japan.我常去日本。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一．单项选择 1．（24-25高一上·天津西青·期末）Emma ______ new friends at school since the term started, and she feels much happier now. A．had made B．has made C．made D．is making 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：开学以来，艾玛在学校结识了新朋友，她现在感觉快乐多了。由since the term started可知，句子描述从过去到现在已经发生的事，应用现在完成时，主语是第三人称单数，助动词应用has，故选B。 2．（24-25高一上·天津·期末）Though it is the second time that I ________ this town, I can’t find my way. A．visit B．visited C．had visited D．have visited 【答案】D 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。句意：虽然这是我第二次来这个城镇，但我还是迷路了。it is the second time that表示“这是第二次……”，that后面的从句使用现在完成时，是固定用法，故选D。 3．（24-25高一上·天津·期中）Up to now, a large number of high-rise buildings ______ in our city, making it different from what it was ten years ago. A．have been built B．has been built C．are being built D．is being built 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，我们城市中已经建造了大量高层建筑，使其与十年前不同。根据时间状语up to now可知，句子使用现在完成时，build与主语buildings之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，且“a large number of + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式，即have been built。故选A项。 4．（23-24高一下·天津滨海新·期末）Unfortunately, the monarch’s population ________ by as much as 90 percent in the last few years. A．have been crashed B．have crashed C．has been crashed D．has crashed 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：不幸的是，在过去几年中帝王蝶的数量减少了 90%。分析句子可知，句中存在时间状语in the last few years，因此时态使用现在完成时，且主语the monarch’s population是单数，跟谓语动词是主动关系，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，即has crashed。故选D项。 5．（23-24高一上·天津·期末）Ever since she started practicing yoga every morning, she ______ a significant improvement in her flexibility. A．noticed B．has noticed C．had noticed D．would notice 【答案】B 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：自从她开始每天早上练习瑜伽以来，她注意到自己的柔韧性有了很大的提高。此处为主句的谓语动词，根据时间状语从句“since she started practicing yoga every morning”可知，此处使用现在完成时，notice与主语she之间为主动关系，且主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词应为has noticed。故选B项。 6．（23-24高一上·天津·期末）It is the first time in my life that I ______ a shooting star. You can’t imagine how excited I was. A．see B．saw C．have seen D．had been seen 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这是我有生以来第一次看到流星。你无法想象我有多兴奋。It is the first time that sb. has/have done“这是某人第一次做某事”为固定句式。故选C项。 7．（23-24高一上·天津滨海新·期末）The monarch’s population ________ by as much as 90 per cent in the last few years. A．crashed B．had crashed C．has crashed D．have crashed 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几年里，黑脉金斑蝶的数量锐减了90%。根据时间状语“in the last few years”可知，时态应用现在完成时，描述之前已经发生或完成的动作，且其结果和现在有联系，主语The monarch’s population指“黑脉金斑蝶的数量”，视作单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选C。 8．（23-24高一上·天津西青·期末）Sara ________ in this city since 2005, when she first moved here for work. A．was living B．is living C．had lived D．has lived 【答案】D 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：Sara从2005年就住在这个城市了，当时她第一次搬到这里工作。A. was living过去进行时；B. is living现在进行时；C. had lived过去完成时；D. has lived现在完成时。根据“since 2005”可知，句子应用现在完成时。故选D项。 9．（22-23高一上·天津·期末）Our country ______ to achieve healthy economic development despite the impact of COVID-19 in the past few years. A．manage B．managed C．is managing D．has managed 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：过去几年，尽管受到新冠肺炎疫情的影响，我国仍实现了经济健康发展。根据in the past few years可知，句子用现在完成时，主语country为单数形式，助动词用has。故选D项。 10．（24-25高二下·天津·期中）The number of people who ______ access to high-speed Internet in rural areas ______ steadily in recent years. A．has; increased B．have; have increased C．has; had increased D．have; has increased 【答案】D 【详解】考查主谓一致、非谓语动词及时态。句意：近年来，在农村地区能够使用高速互联网的人数已经稳步增加。分析句子结构可知，The number of people ______ steadily in recent years为主句，who ______ access to high-speed Internet in rural areas为定语从句，根据句中的时间状语in recent years可知，主句应用现在完成时用来描述一种持续的现象，根据语意及主句时态可知，从句应用一般现在时用来描述一种常见的事实情况；第一空，为定语从句中的谓语动词，其主语是先行词people，是复数形式，所以谓语动词应该用复数形式，即have；第二空，为主句的谓语动词，其主语是The number of people，表示“……的数量”，在语法上被视为单数，所以谓语动词应该用单数形式，即has increased。故选D项。 11．（22-23高二下·全国·课后作业）She is the only one of those who ________a winner of the scholarship for three years. A．is B．are C．have been D．has been 【答案】D 【详解】考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意：她是这些人中唯一一个连续三年获得奖学金的人。根据for three years可知，who引导的定语从句用现在完成时，且the only one是先行词，为单数第三人称形式，在后面的定语从句中作主语，所以who引导的定语从句的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选D。 12．（22-23高二下·天津静海·阶段练习）So far, the coach as well as all the players ________ their confidence. A．has lost B．have lost C．lost D．is losing 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，教练和所有的球员都失去了信心。由“So far”可知，句子时态用现在完成时，“as well as”连接并列的两个主语时，谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致，即根据coach来定，coach是单数，因此空格处是has lost。故选A。 13．（23-24高一上·天津和平·期末） —What do you think of your junior school life? —It _________ some sweet memories in my heart in the past three years. A．leaves B．left C．has left D．will leave 【答案】C 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：——你觉得你的初中生活怎么样？——在过去的三年里，它在我心中留下了一些甜蜜的回忆。根据“in the past three years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。故选C。 14．（22-23高一上·广东广州·期中）The number of people who own a car ________in the past 10 years. A．increase B．increased C．has increased D．increases 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在过去10年里，拥有汽车的人数有所增加。空处应填谓语动词的形式，由时间状语in the past 10 years可知应用现在完成时，句子主语为The number，谓语动词应用单数形式。故选C项。 15．（24-25高一下·上海·期末）China ______ at a tremendous rate, an outstanding achievement never seen before, during the past two decades. A．developed B．had developed C．is developing D．has developed 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：在过去的二十年里，中国以惊人的速度发展，取得了前所未有的卓越成就。根据时间状语“during the past two decades”可知，该时间状语表示从过去持续到现在的时间段，常用于现在完成时，强调动作从过去开始并对现在产生影响（即 “取得成就”）。现在完成时结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语“China”为单数。用“has developed”。故选D。 16．（24-25高一下·广东深圳·期末）The number of people who ______ this online course ______ steadily since it was launched last month. A．takes; has increased B．take; has increased C．takes; have increased D．take; have increased 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自从上个月这门在线课程推出以来，参加这门课程的人数一直在稳步增加。people为先行词，在定语从句中作主语，谓语动词为复数形式。再根据“since it was launched last month.”可知，主句为现在完成时，The number of +复数名词，谓语动词用单数。故选B项。 17．（24-25高一下·广东汕头·期末）The air quality in the eastern cities, ____is shown in these reports, _____ improved over the past two months. A．that, have B．it, has C．as, has D．what, have 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句和主谓一致。句意：正如这些报告所显示的，东部城市的空气质量在过去两个月里已经有所改善。分析句子可知，第一空考查非限制性定语从句，“as is shown in these reports”是固定表达，意为“正如这些报告所显示的”。as在此处指代整个主句内容，引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句首、句中或句尾；第二空中，句子主语是The air quality，为不可数名词，视为单数。时间状语over the past two months常与现在完成时连用，因此谓语动词用has improved。故选C项。 18．（24-25高一下·广东·期末）Thanks to breakthroughs in space technology, not only ________ the Chang’e-5 lunar mission, but also ________ a new record for sample collection. A．has China completed; has set B．China has completed; has it set C．China has completed; has set D．has China completed; it has set 【答案】D 【详解】考查倒装句。句意：得益于航天技术的突破，中国不仅完成了嫦娥五号探月任务，还创造了样本采集的新纪录。“not only...but also...”连接两个分句时，“not only”位于句首，其后的分句需用部分倒装，即把助动词/情态动词/系动词提到主语前，因此第一空应为“has China completed”；“but also”后的分句不倒装，主语是“it”（指代中国），因此第二空为“it has set”。故选D项。 19．（24-25高一下·广东·期末）Since ________ in 2024, the electric vehicle model, ________ over 100,000 units, ________ a symbol of green transportation. A．launching; sold; becoming B．launched; sold; has become C．being launched; has sold; becoming D．having launched; having sold; has become 【答案】B 【详解】考查状语从句的省略、时态和非谓语。分析句子可知，第一空考查状语从句的省略，完整句子应为Since the electric vehicle model was launched in 2024，在时间状语从句中，从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词，可以把从句的主语和be动词同时省略，所以第一空应用launched；第二空考查非谓语，the electric vehicle model与sell为被动关系，再由语境可知，应用过去分词作定语；第三空考查谓语动词，由since可知，这里时态应用现在完成时，且主语the electric vehicle model为第三人称单数形式。故选B项。 20．（24-25高一上·广东江门·期末）Three new schools ______ in our city in the past five years. A．were opened B．have been opening C．have opened D．have been opened 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：在过去的五年中，我们市开办了三所新学校。根据后文可知表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时，且主语和动词open是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，故选D。 二．语法填空 1．（24-25高一下·山东淄博·期末）But perhaps the most significant success that people (achieve) to date is in medicine. 【答案】have achieved 【详解】考查时态。句意：但迄今为止，人们所取得的最为重大的成就或许在于医学领域。所填动词在从句“that people ________ (achieve)”中作谓语动词，结合时间状语“to date (迄今，到现在为止)”可知，用现在完成时，从句主语“people”为复数意义，应是“have done”。故填have achieved。 2．（24-25高一下·重庆·期末）She (harvest) valuable experience over the past years of working abroad. 【答案】has harvested 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在过去几年的海外工作中，她收获了宝贵的经验。根据时间状语“over the past years”可知，该句强调从过去持续到现在的动作或状态，应用现在完成时，主语是第三人称单数，助动词用has；动词harvest的过去分词为harvested。故填has harvested。 3．（24-25高一下·江苏镇江·期末）Over time, it (expand) to include multiple options of soups, vegetables, meats and sauces. 【答案】has expanded 【详解】考查时态。句意：随着时间的推移，它已经扩展到包括汤、蔬菜、肉类和酱汁的多种选择。根据句意和句中“Over time”可知，句子应用现在完成时，“it”和“has”连用，“expand”的过去分词为“expanded”。故填has expanded。 4．（24-25高一下·江苏盐城·阶段练习）Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest (disappear) due to human activities. 【答案】has disappeared 【详解】考查时态。句意：在过去的50年里，由于人类活动，大约17%的雨林消失了。根据时间状语Over the past 50 years可知，用现在完成时。rainforest 是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填has disappeared。 5．（24-25高一上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）Over the past few years, China (witness) a rise in young consumers interested in internal brands and products that reflect traditional Chinese culture, a trend known as Guochao. 【答案】has witnessed 【详解】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国见证了对反映中国传统文化的本土品牌和产品感兴趣的年轻消费者数量的增长，这一趋势被称为“国潮”。空处为句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语 Over the past few years可知，这是一个表示从过去某一时间开始持续到现在的时间段，常与现在完成时连用。句子的主语China是第三人称单数，所以助动词用 has。故填has witnessed。 6．（24-25高一上·黑龙江牡丹江·期末）The human population of the world (increase) by 15% in the past 40 years. 【答案】has increased 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的40年里，世界人口增长了15%。空处是句子的谓语动词，时间状语“in the past 40 years(在过去的40年里)”是一个从过去持续到现在的时间段，常与现在完成时连用。现在完成时的结构是“have/has + 过去分词”，句子主语“The human population of the world(世界人口)”是单数概念，所以助动词用“has”，“increase”的过去分词是“increased”。故填has increased。 7．（24-25高一上·全国·课后作业）The Monarch’s population (crash) by as much as 90 per cent in the last few years. 【答案】has crashed 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：黑脉金斑蝶的数量在最近几年里已经减少了多达90%。crash是动词，意思是“下跌”，在句中充当谓语。根据时间状语in the last few years可知，句子应该使用现在完成时，主语population是不可数名词，故答案是has crashed。 8．（24-25高一上·江苏南京·期末）She is the one of the short-video creators that (gain) popularity over the past year, with her unique content attracting a large number of followers. 【答案】has gained 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：她是在过去一年中走红的短视频创作者之一，她独特的内容吸引了大量的粉丝。本句是that引导的定语从句，gain作从句谓语，根据时间状语over the past year可知，用现在完成时，从句主语that代指先行词one of the short-video creators，为第三人称单数。故填has gained。 9．（22-23高三·全国·假期作业）The use of those plastics (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 【答案】has increased 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：自2019年以来，这些塑料的使用增加了300%。如果这种情况继续下去，世界将无法生存。根据时间状语since 2019可知，此处应用现在完成时，表示从过去某个时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。主语The use of those plastics不可数，助动词用has。故填has increased。 10．（24-25高一上·北京平谷·期末）The students (finish) their homework so far. ( 【答案】have finished 【详解】考查时态。句意：学生们到目前为止已经完成了他们的作业。finish“完成”。so far“到目前为止”是现在完成时的标志词，此处表示动作已经完成，句子时态用现在完成时。主语是students，因此助动词用have。故填have finished。 11.（2024浙江1月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 【答案】have started 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。 12.（2023北京卷）Up to now, China __________ (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 【答案】has established 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。 13.（2023天津3月卷）Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ___________(cause) a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades. 【答案】has caused 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：人类对动物王国的影响，如狩猎和破坏栖息地，在过去的30年里导致了某些物种的数量的减少。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语in the past three decades可知应用现在完成时，主语Human impact，谓语用第三人称单数，故填has caused。 14.（2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao _________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain. 【答案】has walked 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。 15.（2022北京卷）The use of those plastics _________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 【答案】has increased 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。 16.（2022浙江1月卷）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists _________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 【答案】 have promised 【详解】考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。 17.（2022北京卷）The use of those plastics (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 【答案】has increased 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。 18.（2021北京卷）There _________ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. 【答案】has been 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，a dramatic rise是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。 （23-24高一上·浙江温州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 All open fires of the mountain fires in Chongqing have 1 (final) been put out on Friday. Under the continuous serious heat and drought environment, putting out wildfires faces great difficulties. 2 it only took less than 10 days for Chongqing to put out the fire, which is not easy to achieve. In this process, “heroic spirit” is the most popular keyword 3 social media. Mountain fires are a serious problem for people living in Chongqing, which has encouraged the people 4 (protect)their homes. Firefighters, police officers, soldiers and medical workers were on the front line. Behind them, there 5 (be) strong support from volunteers—with a man delivering supplies by riding a motorcycle, as well as those cooking meals. Among the 6 (hero)were soldiers and ordinary people from all walks of life. In the face of the wildfire, their forces have come together. At 7 same time, on the internet, voices of “Come on, Chongqing” could 8 (hear)repeatedly, and social media was filled with countless 9 (touch)moments. What really touches people is that these ordinary and brave people shine with their courage, will and unity 10 are shared by Chinese people in the face of disasters. 【答案】1．finally 2．But 3．on 4．to protect 5．was 6．heroes 7．the 8．be heard 9．touching 10．which/that 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了重庆山火扑灭背后的努力和故事。 1．考查副词。句意：周五，重庆山火的明火全部被扑灭。分析句子可知，设空处在句中修饰谓语动词，作状语，应用副词；final的副词形式为finally，表示“最终”。故填finally。 2．考查连词。句意：但重庆仅用了不到10天的时间就扑灭了大火，实现起来并不容易。分析句子可知，设空处在句中连接一个完整的句子，应用连词；上文“Under the continuous serious heat and drought environment, putting out wildfires faces great difficulties.”提到了在持续的严重高温干旱环境下，扑灭山火面临很大困难；下文“it only took less than 10 days for Chongqing to put out the fire”提到了重庆仅用了不到10天的时间就扑灭了大火。前后之间存在转折关系，应用but连接，设空处位于句首，需首字母大写。故填But。 3．考查介词。句意：在这个过程中，“英雄精神”是社交媒体上最流行的关键词。分析句子可知，设空处前后均为名词短语，此处应用介词连接；结合句意可知，此处表示“在社交媒体上”，常用on social media，此处应用介词on，表示“在……上面”。故填on。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：山火对于生活在重庆的人们来说是一个严重的问题，这鼓励人们保护自己的家园。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词，设空处只能填非谓语动词形式；结合句意可知，此处表示“鼓励某人做某事”，encourage sb to do sth为固定搭配，此处to do不定式作宾语补足语。故填to protect。 5．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在他们身后，有志愿者的大力支持——一名男子骑着摩托车运送物资，还有那些做饭的人。分析句子可知，此处是一个there be句型，结合上下文可知，此处是在描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时；主语为strong support from volunteers，单数形式，故be动词也用单数形式。故填was。 6．考查名词。句意：英雄中有士兵，也有来自各行各业的普通人。分析句子可知，此处是一个表系主的倒装结构，主语为后面的soldiers and ordinary people from all walks of life，设空处在句中作表语，应用名词；结合前面的be动词were可知，此处表示复数，故hero也用复数形式。故填heroes。 7．考查固定短语。句意：与此同时，在互联网上，“重庆加油”的声音不绝如耳，社交媒体上也充斥着无数动人的瞬间。at the same time为固定短语，表示“与此同时”。故填the。 8．考查动词语态。句意：与此同时，在互联网上，“重庆加油”的声音不绝如耳，社交媒体上也充斥着无数动人的瞬间。分析句子可知，设空处与前面的could一起作谓语，主语为voices of “Come on, Chongqing”，与动词hear之间为被动关系，应用被动语态be done结构；设空处位于情态动词could后，用动词原形。故填be heard。 9．考查形容词。句意：与此同时，在互联网上，“重庆加油”的声音不绝如耳，社交媒体上也充斥着无数动人的瞬间。分析句子可知，设空处在句中修饰后面的名词moments，作定语，应用形容词；touch的形容词形式有touched和touching，touched表示“感到感动的、受感动的”，多修饰人；touching表示“令人感动的、动人的”，多修饰物。此处修饰moment，应用touching。故填touching。 10．考查定语从句。句意：真正让人感动的是，这些平凡而勇敢的人在灾难面前闪耀着中国人民共有的勇气、意志和团结。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导一个从句，修饰前面的并列名词courage, will and unity，这是一个定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词表示物，可用that或which引导。故填that或which。 （23-24高一上·天津和平·期末）阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 Months earlier, my wife Lisa had woken up at 4: 45 am, preparing to do exercise. She heard voices coming from the upstairs game room and decided to investigate. She discovered that our older son, Hunter. had been playing the video game Fortnite since he got home from school the previous day. What she found angered both of us. We were sick and tired of the amount of time Hunter spent playing video games. He was so addicted to video games. Back in the 1980s, instead of playing video games, we kids were crazy about playing baseball and street football, driving hoops (大环圈) outside the house, etc. But times are different now. It becomes apparent that kids of the new generation are entirely different from kids of my generation. My kid and his peers (同龄人) are crazy about electronic products. I work in a summer camp and am responsible for the field sports programme. I often notice many of the campers playing video games on little portable (便携式的) devices. I began to refer to kids who spent more time playing video games than playing sports as the Nintendo Generation. In an attempt to ensure that our kid did not become a member of the Nintendo Generation, I came up with a programme to help Hunter deal with his bad habit. It was that video-game time in our house would have to be earned, just like money. I set the exchange rate: Each mile run equals 30 minutes of video-game play. The first couple of days didn’t go well. Instead of choosing to run to win the time of playing games, he decided to boycott my programme and spend time sleeping. But eventually. Hunter came around, and decided he would give running a shot. Now, Hunter is in good health and can run 18 miles. But nine months earlier, he was not in any condition to run five miles. I hope that running teaches my son to invest his time in worthwhile efforts, to do something hard, but quite meaningful and beneficial and then to enjoy a reward. I never want him to stop challenging himself. 1．What made the author and his wife Lisa angry? (no more than 10 words) 2．What did kids in the 1980s like doing according to the author? (no more than 5 words) 3．How did the author help Hunter deal with his bad habit? (no more than 12 words) 4．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 mean? (no more than 5 words) 5．How do you find Hunter’s change? What lesson can you learn from it? (no more than 20 words) 【答案】1．That Hunter stayed up (spent) all night playing video games. / Hunter’s staying up (spending) all night playing video games. / Hunter’s too much gaming time. 2．Going outside to do sports. / Playing sports games outside. / Playing outside the house. / Doing sports/ Playing outdoors. 3．By asking Hunter to earn video-game time by running. /They made a programme for Huntter to earn video-game time by running. / By making a program where Hunter had to earn video-game time through running. 4．Resist my programme. / Refuse to follow my programme/ Reject to participate in my program. 5．It’s very positive / inspiring/ encouraging. We should make proper use of electronic devices and improve ourselves by spending more time on meaningful things. 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者通过制定运动计划帮助儿子摆脱电子游戏带来的负面影响。 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“She discovered that our older son, Hunter. had been playing the video game Fortnite since he got home from school the previous day. What she found angered both of us.”（她发现我们的大儿子，亨特。自从前一天从学校回到家，他就一直在玩电子游戏《堡垒之夜》。她的发现激怒了我们俩。）可知，亨特整晚都在玩电子游戏让作者和他的妻子丽莎感到很生气。故答案为That Hunter stayed up (spent) all night playing video games. / Hunter’s staying up (spending) all night playing video games. / Hunter’s too much gaming time. 2．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Back in the 1980s, instead of playing video games, we kids were crazy about playing baseball and street football, driving hoops (大环圈) outside the house, etc.”（早在20世纪80年代，我们的孩子们不玩电子游戏，而是疯狂地打棒球、街头足球、在屋外开车打篮球等等。）可知，根据作者的说法，80年代的孩子喜欢去外面做运动。故答案为Going outside to do sports. / Playing sports games outside. / Playing outside the house. / Doing sports/ Playing outdoors. 3．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“In an attempt to ensure that our kid did not become a member of the Nintendo Generation, I came up with a programme to help Hunter deal with his bad habit.It was that video-game time in our house would have to be earned, just like money. l set the exchange rate: Each mile run equals 30 minutes of video-game play.”（为了确保我们的孩子不会成为“任天堂一代”的一员，我想出了一个计划来帮助亨特改掉他的坏习惯。那就是在我们家里玩电子游戏的时间必须要挣来，就像钱一样。我设定汇率：每跑一英里等于玩30分钟的电子游戏。）可知，作者想出了一个计划让亨特通过跑步来赢得打游戏的时间，从而帮助亨特改掉他的坏习惯的。故答案为By asking Hunter to earn video-game time by running. /They made a programme for Huntter to earn video-game time by running. / By making a program where Hunter had to earn video-game time through running. 4．考查词句猜测。根据第四段中“The first couple of days didn’t go well. Instead of choosing to run to win the time of playing games…”（最初的几天并不顺利。他没有选择跑步来赢得玩游戏的时间……）由此可知，此处为决定抵制我的计划，花时间睡觉。故可猜测划线部分“boycott my programme”为“抵制我的计划”的意思。故答案为Resist my programme. / Refuse to follow my programme/ Reject to participate in my program. 5．考查主观评价。根据第四段中“But eventually. Hunter came around, and decided he would give running a shot. Now, Hunter is in good health and can run 18 miles. But nine months earlier, he was not in any condition to run five miles.”（但最终。亨特回过神来，决定试一试跑步。现在，亨特身体很好，可以跑18英里。但9个月前，他的身体状况还不能跑5英里。）以及最后一段“I hope that running teaches my son to invest his time in worthwhile efforts, to do something hard, but quite meaningful and beneficial and then to enjoy a reward. I never want him to stop challenging himself.”（我希望跑步能教会我的儿子把时间投入到有价值的努力上，去做一些艰苦但很有意义和有益的事情，然后享受回报。我希望他永远不要停止挑战自己。）可知，亨特的变化是是非常积极的。我能从中学到：我们应该正确使用电子设备，通过花更多的时间在有意义的事情上来提高自己。故答案为It’s very positive / inspiring/ encouraging. We should make proper use of electronic devices and improve ourselves by spending more time on meaningful things. 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业05 时态2（现在完成时） 1. 现在完成时的构成: have\has+过去分词 (过去分词的构成有规则变化和不规则变化) 2. 现在完成时的四个基本句型 肯定句 主语+has/have +过去分词+其他. He has finished the work. 一般疑问句 Has/Have + 主语 +过去分词+其他？ 肯定回答：Yes,主语+has/have. 否定回答：No,主语 + hasn’t/haven’t. Has he finished the work? 肯定回答：Yes ,he has. 否定回答：No, he hasn’t. 否定句 主语+hasn’t/haven’t+过去分词+其他. He has not finished the work. 特殊疑问句 疑问词+ has/have +主语 +过去分词+其他？ What has he done? 3. 现在完成时的用法: （1）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影响或结果。 The car has arrived. 车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口） Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着） （2）表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。 My uncle has worked at this factory for five years.  我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。 Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自从2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中国。  （1）过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。现在完成时可以和already(通常用于陈述句), yet(通常用于否定句和疑问句), just（用于陈述句）, ever（用于疑问句）, never（用于否定句）, before, twice, three times等连用。 （2）发生在过去并持续到现在的动作或状态。表示从过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时（肯定句和疑问句中动词必须用延续性动词）,时间状语有：during/in the past(last) few years, for +时间段, since…ago, since+过去时间点, since+过去式句子, by now, up to now, recently, in recent years… I have been away from my hometown for three years.(我离开家乡有3年了) = I have been away from my hometown since three years ago. = I have been away from my hometown since 2019. = It is 3 years since I left my hometown. 4.时间标志词 for+时间（多长时间） since+过去某时（自从……） all this week（整整这一周） often（常常） how long（多长时间） today（今天） always（总是） all day（整天） lately（最近） recently（最近） so far（到目前为止） up to now（直到现在） till/until now（直到现在） in the past/last three years/months/days...最近3年/3个月/3天…… up to these few days/weeks/months...最近几天/几个星期/几个月 these days/months/years...这些天/月/年…… this week/month/year...这个星期/月/今年…… during the past/last days...最近这些日子 五、几组辨析 1、already和yet的区别 （1）already. adv. “已经”多用于肯定句中,通常与动词的完成时或进行时连用。 I’ve seen the film already. 我已经看过这部电影了。 The train has already left. 火车已经开走了。 （2）yet. adv. “已经、仍然、还”一般只用于否定句或疑问句,且常常置于句末。如： He hasn’t found his bike yet. 他还没有找到他的自行车。 Have you read Treasure Island yet? 你读过《金银岛》？ 【易错提醒】already也可用于疑问句，但不表真心的疑问，而表“惊奇”。它多置于句中，有时为了强调而置于句末。 ►Have you already had breakfast? 难道你已经吃过早餐了？ 2、since和for的区别 for+时间段：I have worked here for 12 years. since+时间点：I have lived here since 2008. since+一段时间+ago=for +时间段：The film has been on since 10 minutes ago. since +从句（一般过去时）：Two hours have passed since he arrived here. It's+一段时间+since（一般过去时句子）：It's three years since my grandpa died. 3、have been to/have gone to/have been in 形式 意义 用法 have/has been to 表示“曾经去过……” 经验 表示“到……去过了” 完成 have/has been in 表示“曾在……” 经验 表示“一直在……” 继续 I have been to Rome twice.（经验）我曾去过罗马两次。 I have been to the museum to see the exhibition.（完成）我到博物馆去看展览了。 A:Have you ever been in Lhasa?（经验）你曾在拉萨住过吗？ B:Yes,I have.是的，住过。 B:No,I have not been there yet.没有，我还没在那儿住过呢。 在have/has been in/to...的句子中，in/to后面跟的是名词，如果是副词here，there，则不用to/in。 We have been in the library all day.（继续）我们一整天都呆在图书馆。 补充：have/has been to用于“经验”，表示“曾去过……”时，常和often，once，twice等频率副词连用。I have often been to Japan.我常去日本。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一．单项选择 1．（24-25高一上·天津西青·期末）Emma ______ new friends at school since the term started, and she feels much happier now. A．had made B．has made C．made D．is making 2．（24-25高一上·天津·期末）Though it is the second time that I ________ this town, I can’t find my way. A．visit B．visited C．had visited D．have visited 3．（24-25高一上·天津·期中）Up to now, a large number of high-rise buildings ______ in our city, making it different from what it was ten years ago. A．have been built B．has been built C．are being built D．is being built 4．（23-24高一下·天津滨海新·期末）Unfortunately, the monarch’s population ________ by as much as 90 percent in the last few years. A．have been crashed B．have crashed C．has been crashed D．has crashed 5．（23-24高一上·天津·期末）Ever since she started practicing yoga every morning, she ______ a significant improvement in her flexibility. A．noticed B．has noticed C．had noticed D．would notice 6．（23-24高一上·天津·期末）It is the first time in my life that I ______ a shooting star. You can’t imagine how excited I was. A．see B．saw C．have seen D．had been seen 7．（23-24高一上·天津滨海新·期末）The monarch’s population ________ by as much as 90 per cent in the last few years. A．crashed B．had crashed C．has crashed D．have crashed 8．（23-24高一上·天津西青·期末）Sara ________ in this city since 2005, when she first moved here for work. A．was living B．is living C．had lived D．has lived 9．（22-23高一上·天津·期末）Our country ______ to achieve healthy economic development despite the impact of COVID-19 in the past few years. A．manage B．managed C．is managing D．has managed 10．（24-25高二下·天津·期中）The number of people who ______ access to high-speed Internet in rural areas ______ steadily in recent years. A．has; increased B．have; have increased C．has; had increased D．have; has increased 11．（22-23高二下·全国·课后作业）She is the only one of those who ________a winner of the scholarship for three years. A．is B．are C．have been D．has been 12．（22-23高二下·天津静海·阶段练习）So far, the coach as well as all the players ________ their confidence. A．has lost B．have lost C．lost D．is losing 13．（23-24高一上·天津和平·期末） —What do you think of your junior school life? —It _________ some sweet memories in my heart in the past three years. A．leaves B．left C．has left D．will leave 14．（22-23高一上·广东广州·期中）The number of people who own a car ________in the past 10 years. A．increase B．increased C．has increased D．increases 15．（24-25高一下·上海·期末）China ______ at a tremendous rate, an outstanding achievement never seen before, during the past two decades. A．developed B．had developed C．is developing D．has developed 16．（24-25高一下·广东深圳·期末）The number of people who ______ this online course ______ steadily since it was launched last month. A．takes; has increased B．take; has increased C．takes; have increased D．take; have increased 17．（24-25高一下·广东汕头·期末）The air quality in the eastern cities, ____is shown in these reports, _____ improved over the past two months. A．that, have B．it, has C．as, has D．what, have 18．（24-25高一下·广东·期末）Thanks to breakthroughs in space technology, not only ________ the Chang’e-5 lunar mission, but also ________ a new record for sample collection. A．has China completed; has set B．China has completed; has it set C．China has completed; has set D．has China completed; it has set 19．（24-25高一下·广东·期末）Since ________ in 2024, the electric vehicle model, ________ over 100,000 units, ________ a symbol of green transportation. A．launching; sold; becoming B．launched; sold; has become C．being launched; has sold; becoming D．having launched; having sold; has become 20．（24-25高一上·广东江门·期末）Three new schools ______ in our city in the past five years. A．were opened B．have been opening C．have opened D．have been opened 二．语法填空 1．（24-25高一下·山东淄博·期末）But perhaps the most significant success that people (achieve) to date is in medicine. 2．（24-25高一下·重庆·期末）She (harvest) valuable experience over the past years of working abroad. 3．（24-25高一下·江苏镇江·期末）Over time, it (expand) to include multiple options of soups, vegetables, meats and sauces. 4．（24-25高一下·江苏盐城·阶段练习）Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest (disappear) due to human activities. 5．（24-25高一上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）Over the past few years, China (witness) a rise in young consumers interested in internal brands and products that reflect traditional Chinese culture, a trend known as Guochao. 6．（24-25高一上·黑龙江牡丹江·期末）The human population of the world (increase) by 15% in the past 40 years. 7．（24-25高一上·全国·课后作业）The Monarch’s population (crash) by as much as 90 per cent in the last few years. 8．（24-25高一上·江苏南京·期末）She is the one of the short-video creators that (gain) popularity over the past year, with her unique content attracting a large number of followers. 9．（22-23高三·全国·假期作业）The use of those plastics (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 10．（24-25高一上·北京平谷·期末）The students (finish) their homework so far. ( 11.（2024浙江1月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 12.（2023北京卷）Up to now, China __________ (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 13.（2023天津3月卷）Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ___________(cause) a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades. 14.（2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao _________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain. 15.（2022北京卷）The use of those plastics _________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 16.（2022浙江1月卷）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists _________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 17.（2022北京卷）The use of those plastics (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 18.（2021北京卷）There _________ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. （23-24高一上·浙江温州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 All open fires of the mountain fires in Chongqing have 1 (final) been put out on Friday. Under the continuous serious heat and drought environment, putting out wildfires faces great difficulties. 2 it only took less than 10 days for Chongqing to put out the fire, which is not easy to achieve. In this process, “heroic spirit” is the most popular keyword 3 social media. Mountain fires are a serious problem for people living in Chongqing, which has encouraged the people 4 (protect)their homes. Firefighters, police officers, soldiers and medical workers were on the front line. Behind them, there 5 (be) strong support from volunteers—with a man delivering supplies by riding a motorcycle, as well as those cooking meals. Among the 6 (hero)were soldiers and ordinary people from all walks of life. In the face of the wildfire, their forces have come together. At 7 same time, on the internet, voices of “Come on, Chongqing” could 8 (hear)repeatedly, and social media was filled with countless 9 (touch)moments. What really touches people is that these ordinary and brave people shine with their courage, will and unity 10 are shared by Chinese people in the face of disasters. （23-24高一上·天津和平·期末）阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 Months earlier, my wife Lisa had woken up at 4: 45 am, preparing to do exercise. She heard voices coming from the upstairs game room and decided to investigate. She discovered that our older son, Hunter. had been playing the video game Fortnite since he got home from school the previous day. What she found angered both of us. We were sick and tired of the amount of time Hunter spent playing video games. He was so addicted to video games. Back in the 1980s, instead of playing video games, we kids were crazy about playing baseball and street football, driving hoops (大环圈) outside the house, etc. But times are different now. It becomes apparent that kids of the new generation are entirely different from kids of my generation. My kid and his peers (同龄人) are crazy about electronic products. I work in a summer camp and am responsible for the field sports programme. I often notice many of the campers playing video games on little portable (便携式的) devices. I began to refer to kids who spent more time playing video games than playing sports as the Nintendo Generation. In an attempt to ensure that our kid did not become a member of the Nintendo Generation, I came up with a programme to help Hunter deal with his bad habit. It was that video-game time in our house would have to be earned, just like money. I set the exchange rate: Each mile run equals 30 minutes of video-game play. The first couple of days didn’t go well. Instead of choosing to run to win the time of playing games, he decided to boycott my programme and spend time sleeping. But eventually. Hunter came around, and decided he would give running a shot. Now, Hunter is in good health and can run 18 miles. But nine months earlier, he was not in any condition to run five miles. I hope that running teaches my son to invest his time in worthwhile efforts, to do something hard, but quite meaningful and beneficial and then to enjoy a reward. I never want him to stop challenging himself. 1．What made the author and his wife Lisa angry? (no more than 10 words) 2．What did kids in the 1980s like doing according to the author? (no more than 5 words) 3．How did the author help Hunter deal with his bad habit? (no more than 12 words) 4．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 mean? (no more than 5 words) 5．How do you find Hunter’s change? What lesson can you learn from it? (no more than 20 words) 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $