寒假作业05 情态动词（巩固培优）高一英语外研版

限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业05 情态动词 情态动词 一．情态动词的种类和用法 用法：1.情态动词can/could意为“能够，会” 表示能力、许可、请求、客观可能性；表示怀疑、不相信或惊异，主要用于否定句、疑问句和感叹句。 Her mother can speak English. 她妈妈会说英语。表能力 -Could I come here again tomorrow?我明天还能来这里吗？ -Yes,you can./No,I’m afraid not. 是的，可以。/不，恐怕不行。 could表情求时语气比can委婉，注意回答时用can Can this be true?这会是真的吗？ 表怀疑 2.情态动词may/might意为“可以，或许” 表示请求、许可，用于疑问句；表示推测或谈论可能性，主要用于陈述句，表示肯定或否定。 May/Might I watch TV now? 我现在可以看电视吗？表情求，might的语气比may更委婉 He may be very busy these days. 这些天他可能很忙。表可能性 3.情态动词must意为“必须，一定” 表示有做某一动作的必要和义务；表示有把握的判断或推测。 We must obey all the rules.我们应该遵守所有的规则。表义务 If you don’t hurry,you must miss the train. 如果你不快点，你必然会误火车的。表有把握的判断 4.情态动词will/would意思为“愿意，会” 表示请求、建议，常用于Will you...?或Would you...?的句型中。 Will you please go with me?请和我一起去好吗？ Would you like a cup of coffee?喝杯咖啡好吗？ 5.情态动词shall/should意为“应该” shall表示征询对方意见、请求或命令等；should表示劝告、建议等。 What shall we do now? 我们现在应该做什么？ 表征询意见 You should do as your father says.你要照你父亲说的去做。 表命令 We should learn how to use computers. 我们应该学会使用电脑。 表建议 6.情态动词had better意为“最好” 表示意见、命令等。 You’d better stay at hospital for another few days.你最好在医院再住几天。 7.情态动词need意为“需要” 表示需要、必要，只能用于否定句和疑问句中。 You needn’t call him.你不必给他打电话。 8.情态动词dare意为“敢于” 主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。 Dare you go home alone at 11 in the evening?你敢晚上11点独自回家吗？ 9.情态动词ought to意为“应该，应当” 表示义务、责任等。 You ought to take care of yourself.你应该照顾自己。 10.情态动词have/has to意为“必须，不得不” 表示客观必要性。 You don’t have to do anything except to be with them and be yourself.你只需要和他们在一起，行为自然即可。 提示：need作情态动词时，还可表示“本不该做而实际上做了”；作行为动词时，可用于各种句型，但后面必须带to。 You needn’t have waited for me.你本不必等我的。 You need to do it carefully.你必须很认真地做这件事情。 注意：dare作行为动词时，可用于各种句型，后面可带也可不带to；但dare是动词-ing形式时，后面的to必须带上。 She didn’t dare (to) go out at night.她晚上不敢外出。 The boy was frightened without daring to speak.那个男生吓得不敢说话。 二．常见情态动词的比较 1.need和dare：都既可作情态动词又可作行为动词。作行为动词时，均随主语的人称和数的变化而变化。 You need not/don’t need to worry about me.你没有必要担心我。 I daren’t go home alone at night.我不敢晚上一个人回家。 2.can和be able to：can只用于现在式和过去式；be able to则可用于各种时态。 I can/am able to play the piano.我会弹钢琴。 She will be able to finish it tomorrow.她明天会完成它的。 3.must和have to：must侧重个人意志和主观上的必要，只有现在式；have to侧重客观要求，用于各种时态。 You must pay your taxes.你必须缴税。 She had a fever,so she had to rest.她发烧了，所以必须休息。 4.should和ought to：都可表劝告、建议，但ought to的语气更强些。 He should eat less.他应该少吃点。 You oughtn’t to tell her the bad news.你不应该告诉她这个坏消息。 提示：should和ought to都可表示“本该做而实际上未做”，结构为“should/ought to+have+过去分词”表示本该做某事，实际没有做。 You should/ought to have been here five minutes ago.你本该5分钟前到这儿的。 三．情态动词表示推测 1.must，might，could表示推测时，程度由强到弱。 2.对现在情况的推测 肯定：must/may/might+be/be doing... 否定：can/could+not+be/be doing... 疑问：Can/Could...+be/be doing...? He must be at home.他一定在家。 He can’t be at home.他一定不在家。 Can he be at home?他会在家吗？ 3.对过去情况的推测 肯定：must/may/might+have been/done... 否定：can/could+not+have been/done... 疑问：Can/Could...+have been/done...? It must have rained last night.昨晚一定下了雨。 The door was locked.He can’t/couldn’t have been at home.门是锁着的，他不可能在家。 Can he have got the book?他可能得到那本书了吗？ 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一．选择填空 1．（24-25高一下·广东深圳·期末）— The man in black ______ be Tom. It is his typical dressing style. — No, it ______ be him. He is away on holiday. A．must; mustn’t B．must; can’t C．can; mustn’t D．can; can’t 2．（24-25高一下·天津河北·期末）Be careful! Don’t get the juice on your new dress, for it ______ wash out. A．won’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t 3．（24-25高一下·天津和平·期末）He ________ the meeting, so he stayed at home. A．needn’t have attended B．didn’t need attend C．didn’t need to attend D．needn’t to have attended 4．（24-25高二下·天津·期中）When the bell rings, all the candidates ________ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A．would B．shall C．could D．might 5．（24-25高一上·天津·期末）Don’t get this kind of ink on your white blouse, for it ________ wash out. A．won’t B．can’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t 6．（24-25高一上·天津河西·期末）I’ve ordered some pizza, so we ______ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A．won’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．couldn’t 7．（24-25高一上·天津滨海新·期末）— When do you think you will get home? — I am not sure. I ________ be home by 8 o’clock. A．must B．may C．have to D．need 8．（24-25高一上·天津西青·期末）Alice ______ be very excited about her birthday party because she has been planning it for weeks. A．must B．might C．mightn’t D．mustn’t 9．（24-25高一上·天津西青·期末）You ______ bring extra clothes because the trip is only for a short weekend. A．mustn’t B．may not C．needn’t D．dare not 10．（24-25高一上·天津·期末）The little boy ________ wear a jacket tonight, considering the temperature drop. A．ought to B．needn’t C．used to D．mustn’t 11．（24-25高一上·天津南开·期末）Everybody can make mistakes in life, so in my opinion, you ______ be sad about this. A．wouldn’t B．aren’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t 12．（24-25高一上·天津河东·期末）I’ve ordered some pizza, so we ______ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A．can’t B．dare not C．needn’t D．mustn’t 13．（23-24高一下·天津·期末）Obviously we ______ take a taxi. It’s only four minutes’ walk from here. A．mustn’t B．had better C．needn’t D．dare not 14．（21-22高一下·天津西青·期末）The museum isn’t far from here. You ______ go there by car. A．shouldn’t B．can’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t 15．（23-24高一上·天津蓟州·期末）—Must I return the book tomorrow? —No, you ________. You can keep it until next Thursday. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．won’t D．needn’t 16．（24-25高一上·天津·期末）Lily got the first prize in the speech contest. She ________ many times last week. A．couldn’t have practised B．could practise C．must have practised D．might practise 17．（23-24高一下·天津南开·期末）— The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. — Oh, dear! She ______ a lot of difficulties! A．may go through B．might go through C．must go through D．must have gone through 18．（23-24高一上·天津河东·期末）It ______ last night, as the ground is still wet. A．may have rained B．must rain C．can’t have rained D．must have rained 19．（23-24高一上·天津南开·期末）— Few of my fellows passed the politics quiz this time on campus. — How come? It ________ tough. A．should be B．might be C．must have been D．would have been 20．（22-23高一上·天津·期末）The students answered all the questions correctly. She ______ full preparations. A．must make B．should make C．must have made D．should have made 21．（2023·天津·二模）—Congratulations! You ________ great efforts for the English speech contest. —Thanks. I do appreciate my teacher’s guidance. A．must have made B．should have made C．could make D．would make 22．（22-23高一下·天津·阶段练习）The children____________ very excited as they received the handwritten letter from Father Christmas. A．may be B．should be C．must have been D．could have been 二、语法填空 1．（2025高一上·河南商丘·专题练习）Children have to (memory) about 600 characters before they can do basic reading and writing. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．（25-26高一上·广东湛江·月考）Doing sports can (strength) your body. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．（25-26高二上·广东广州·期中）You should (pure) water before drinking it; otherwise, you will come down with diseases. 4．（25-26高一上·上海黄浦·期中）Given the complexity of the experiment, I hope you (maintain) concentration during the process. 5．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）A short nap can (refresh) your mind and body. 6．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）Words cannot fully (convey) my gratitude to you. 7．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）With more practice in oral English conversations every day, he (express) his ideas fluently and confidently in the international exchange activity last week. 8．（25-26高一上·全国·课后作业）Only in this way we (solve) the difficult problem. 9．（25-26高二上·江西南昌·期中）A detailed explanation should (company) the data to help readers understand its significance. 10．（2026高三·广东·专题练习）The new evidence might (proof) that he is innocent. 11．（2026高三·广东·专题练习）We have (finish) this report before the meeting starts this afternoon. 12．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）He have been waiting there for quite a while! （23-24高一上·浙江温州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Recently, a new exhibition building at the Sanxingdui Museum in Guanghan, Sichuan province, has become an immediate tourist hot spot. The exhibits show the mysterious culture   1 (date) back more than 3, 000 years. For those who cannot make 2 to Guanghan, an exciting exhibition based on digital technology, titled Hello Sanxingdui, provides them 3 a different chance. It is running at the Longfu Art Museum in Beijing until Feb. 29. It offers an 4 (education) and artistic time-travel experience. The journey 5   (begin) with a brief timeline of texts, photos and videos, showing how Sanxingdui was first discovered in the 1920s, 6 many objects were found by farmers. Tan Ping, one of the producers of Hello Sanxingdui, says it is of great importance to inform the public about archaeological 7 (discovery) and developments in relevant research, while it relies on new ideas and techniques 8   (bring) people new cultural experiences. He says 9 exhibition like Hello Sanxingdui will help visitors know the life 10 the creativity of the people in the Shu kingdom. （23-24高一上·天津西青·期末）阅读下列短文并回答问题。 When I was a high school student, maths looked like a big mountain for me and several of my classmates. Mr Iyer, a strict maths teacher, was also our class teacher. He always stuck to his rules. We had to arrive on time, pay undivided attention to his lectures, and we dared not to ignore any of his homework. Even so, as our class teacher, we got to know him better. Noticing some of us couldn’t sit still and seemed restless one day as the mid-term exams approached, he stopped solving a mathematical problem to ask us why. “There’s too much to do,”we sighed. “We’re afraid we’ll never manage to finish our revision before the exam. ”“Nothing is impossible. ”Mr. Iyer told us. “This classroom is on the second floor. Do you have a problem reaching here?”We reacted with blank stares. “No, you don’t!” he said, answering his own question. “You’ve got stairs to aid your climb. No one expects you to make it in two giant jumps. You just take it step by step. If you stick with it, everything else will work out. Remember, taking it one step at a time, that’s the key.” Then he wrote down an old saying on the blackboard—the longest journey starts with a single step. After hearing this, we finally understood his point, seeing him under a new light.” Most of my classmates achieved excellent grades in maths. And I went on to become an English teacher. To this day, whenever I pass on Mr Iyer’s invaluable advice to my own students, they become hopeful at the prospect of a lighter academic burden 1．Who was Mr. Iyer?(no more than 10 words) 2．What were Mr. Iyer’s rules?(no more than 15 words) 3．Why did Mr. Iyer stop solving a mathematical problem in class?(no more than 10 words) 4．What was Mr. Iyer’s key advice to his students?(no more than 15 words) 5．What do you think of Mr. Iyer’s advice? Please give your reason(s). (no more than 20 words) 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业05 情态动词 情态动词 一．情态动词的种类和用法 用法：1.情态动词can/could意为“能够，会” 表示能力、许可、请求、客观可能性；表示怀疑、不相信或惊异，主要用于否定句、疑问句和感叹句。 Her mother can speak English. 她妈妈会说英语。表能力 -Could I come here again tomorrow?我明天还能来这里吗？ -Yes,you can./No,I’m afraid not. 是的，可以。/不，恐怕不行。 could表情求时语气比can委婉，注意回答时用can Can this be true?这会是真的吗？ 表怀疑 2.情态动词may/might意为“可以，或许” 表示请求、许可，用于疑问句；表示推测或谈论可能性，主要用于陈述句，表示肯定或否定。 May/Might I watch TV now? 我现在可以看电视吗？表情求，might的语气比may更委婉 He may be very busy these days. 这些天他可能很忙。表可能性 3.情态动词must意为“必须，一定” 表示有做某一动作的必要和义务；表示有把握的判断或推测。 We must obey all the rules.我们应该遵守所有的规则。表义务 If you don’t hurry,you must miss the train. 如果你不快点，你必然会误火车的。表有把握的判断 4.情态动词will/would意思为“愿意，会” 表示请求、建议，常用于Will you...?或Would you...?的句型中。 Will you please go with me?请和我一起去好吗？ Would you like a cup of coffee?喝杯咖啡好吗？ 5.情态动词shall/should意为“应该” shall表示征询对方意见、请求或命令等；should表示劝告、建议等。 What shall we do now? 我们现在应该做什么？ 表征询意见 You should do as your father says.你要照你父亲说的去做。 表命令 We should learn how to use computers. 我们应该学会使用电脑。 表建议 6.情态动词had better意为“最好” 表示意见、命令等。 You’d better stay at hospital for another few days.你最好在医院再住几天。 7.情态动词need意为“需要” 表示需要、必要，只能用于否定句和疑问句中。 You needn’t call him.你不必给他打电话。 8.情态动词dare意为“敢于” 主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。 Dare you go home alone at 11 in the evening?你敢晚上11点独自回家吗？ 9.情态动词ought to意为“应该，应当” 表示义务、责任等。 You ought to take care of yourself.你应该照顾自己。 10.情态动词have/has to意为“必须，不得不” 表示客观必要性。 You don’t have to do anything except to be with them and be yourself.你只需要和他们在一起，行为自然即可。 提示：need作情态动词时，还可表示“本不该做而实际上做了”；作行为动词时，可用于各种句型，但后面必须带to。 You needn’t have waited for me.你本不必等我的。 You need to do it carefully.你必须很认真地做这件事情。 注意：dare作行为动词时，可用于各种句型，后面可带也可不带to；但dare是动词-ing形式时，后面的to必须带上。 She didn’t dare (to) go out at night.她晚上不敢外出。 The boy was frightened without daring to speak.那个男生吓得不敢说话。 二．常见情态动词的比较 1.need和dare：都既可作情态动词又可作行为动词。作行为动词时，均随主语的人称和数的变化而变化。 You need not/don’t need to worry about me.你没有必要担心我。 I daren’t go home alone at night.我不敢晚上一个人回家。 2.can和be able to：can只用于现在式和过去式；be able to则可用于各种时态。 I can/am able to play the piano.我会弹钢琴。 She will be able to finish it tomorrow.她明天会完成它的。 3.must和have to：must侧重个人意志和主观上的必要，只有现在式；have to侧重客观要求，用于各种时态。 You must pay your taxes.你必须缴税。 She had a fever,so she had to rest.她发烧了，所以必须休息。 4.should和ought to：都可表劝告、建议，但ought to的语气更强些。 He should eat less.他应该少吃点。 You oughtn’t to tell her the bad news.你不应该告诉她这个坏消息。 提示：should和ought to都可表示“本该做而实际上未做”，结构为“should/ought to+have+过去分词”表示本该做某事，实际没有做。 You should/ought to have been here five minutes ago.你本该5分钟前到这儿的。 三．情态动词表示推测 1.must，might，could表示推测时，程度由强到弱。 2.对现在情况的推测 肯定：must/may/might+be/be doing... 否定：can/could+not+be/be doing... 疑问：Can/Could...+be/be doing...? He must be at home.他一定在家。 He can’t be at home.他一定不在家。 Can he be at home?他会在家吗？ 3.对过去情况的推测 肯定：must/may/might+have been/done... 否定：can/could+not+have been/done... 疑问：Can/Could...+have been/done...? It must have rained last night.昨晚一定下了雨。 The door was locked.He can’t/couldn’t have been at home.门是锁着的，他不可能在家。 Can he have got the book?他可能得到那本书了吗？ 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一．选择填空 1．（24-25高一下·广东深圳·期末）— The man in black ______ be Tom. It is his typical dressing style. — No, it ______ be him. He is away on holiday. A．must; mustn’t B．must; can’t C．can; mustn’t D．can; can’t 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——穿黑衣服的那个人一定是汤姆。这是他典型的穿着风格。——不，不可能是他。他外出度假了。A. must; mustn’t一定，禁止；B. must; can’t一定，不可能；C. can; mustn’t可能，禁止；D. can; can’t可能，不可能。根据“It is his typical dressing style.”可知，第一空是肯定推测，用must表示肯定推测；根据“He is away on holiday.”可知，第二空是否定推测，用can’t表示否定推测。故选B。 2．（24-25高一下·天津河北·期末）Be careful! Don’t get the juice on your new dress, for it ______ wash out. A．won’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词的用法。句意：小心！不要把果汁弄到你的新衣服上，因为它洗不掉。A. won’t不会；B. mustn’t不准，表示禁止；C. shouldn’t不应该，表示建议；D. needn’t不必，表示不需要。结合“Don’t get the juice on your new dress”可知，此处表达对果汁弄到衣服上后“无法洗掉”的担忧，应用won’t“不会”表示“洗不掉”。故选A。 3．（24-25高一下·天津和平·期末）He ________ the meeting, so he stayed at home. A．needn’t have attended B．didn’t need attend C．didn’t need to attend D．needn’t to have attended 【答案】C 【详解】考查need的用法。句意：他不需要参加会议，所以待在家里。need作为情态动词时，其否定形式为needn't do；作为实义动词时，其否定形式为don't need to do。A. needn’t have attended：表示“本来不必做某事（但实际上做了）”，暗含“他参加了会议，但其实没必要”。B. didn’t need attend：语法错误。C. didn’t need to attend：表示“不需要做某事”，符合句意（他没去开会）。D. needn’t to have attended：语法错误。根据“so he stayed at home”可知，他不需要参加会议。故选C项。 4．（24-25高二下·天津·期中）When the bell rings, all the candidates ________ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A．would B．shall C．could D．might 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词的用法 。句意：铃声响起时，所有考生必须留在座位上，直到所有试卷被收齐。  A. would表示过去将来或委婉请求；B. shall用于正式规则中表示强制要求；C. could表示可能性或能力；D. might表示可能性或推测。 描述考试场景下的强制性规定，用shall。故选B。 5．（24-25高一上·天津·期末）Don’t get this kind of ink on your white blouse, for it ________ wash out. A．won’t B．can’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：别把这种墨水弄到你的白衬衫上，因为它将洗不掉。A. won’t不会，将不会；B. can’t不能，不会；C. shouldn’t不应该；D. mustn’t不允许，不准。此处用于表示对习惯性动作的否定，应用won’t。故选A。 6．（24-25高一上·天津河西·期末）I’ve ordered some pizza, so we ______ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A．won’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．couldn’t 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：我已经订了一些披萨，所以我们回家后累了就不必担心做饭了。A. won’t将不会；B. needn’t无必要；C. mustn’t禁止，不允许；D. couldn’t不能。根据句意可知，此处表示“无必要”。故选B项。 7．（24-25高一上·天津滨海新·期末）— When do you think you will get home? — I am not sure. I ________ be home by 8 o’clock. A．must B．may C．have to D．need 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——你认为你什么时候能到家？  ——我不确定。我可能8点钟到家。A. must必须，一定。表表示强制性或者肯定的推测；B. may可能，用于不确定的推测；C. have to不得不，强调客观需要；D. need需要，表示必要性。根据句子“I am not sure.（我不确定。）”可知，这里是一种不确定的推测，故选B。 8．（24-25高一上·天津西青·期末）Alice ______ be very excited about her birthday party because she has been planning it for weeks. A．must B．might C．mightn’t D．mustn’t 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：爱丽丝一定对她的生日聚会感到非常兴奋，因为她已经计划了好几个星期了。A. must一定；B. might或许；C. mightn’t可能不；D. mustn’t禁止。由下文“because she has been planning it for weeks.”可知，此处表示肯定推测，即爱丽丝一定对她的生日聚会感到非常兴奋，故选A。 9．（24-25高一上·天津西青·期末）You ______ bring extra clothes because the trip is only for a short weekend. A．mustn’t B．may not C．needn’t D．dare not 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意：你不需要带额外的衣服，因为这次旅行只是一个短暂的周末。A. mustn’t禁止，绝对不可以；B. may not可能不；C. needn’t不必；D. dare not不敢。句子提到 “because the trip is only for a short weekend”（因为这次旅行只是一个短暂的周末），说明没有必要带额外的衣服。所以应该用needn’t，表示没有做某事的必要性。故选C。 10．（24-25高一上·天津·期末）The little boy ________ wear a jacket tonight, considering the temperature drop. A．ought to B．needn’t C．used to D．mustn’t 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：考虑到气温下降，小男孩今晚应该穿件夹克。A. ought to应该；B. needn’t不必；C. used to过去常常；D. mustn’t禁止。根据“considering the temperature drop”可知，建议小男孩穿件夹克。故选A。 11．（24-25高一上·天津南开·期末）Everybody can make mistakes in life, so in my opinion, you ______ be sad about this. A．wouldn’t B．aren’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：每个人在生活中都会犯错误，所以在我看来，你不必为此感到难过。A. wouldn’t不会；B. aren’t不是；C. mustn’t禁止；D. needn’t没必要。根据句意，大家都会犯错，正所谓人无完人，所以没必要对此而难过，needn’t符合题意。故选D项。 12．（24-25高一上·天津河东·期末）I’ve ordered some pizza, so we ______ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A．can’t B．dare not C．needn’t D．mustn’t 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：我已经点了一些披萨，所以我们回家累了就不用担心做饭了。A. can’t不能；B. dare not不敢；C. needn’t不必；D. mustn’t禁止。根据“I’ve ordered some pizza”可知，点了披萨后，不再需要做饭，表示“不必”担心做饭。故选C。 13．（23-24高一下·天津·期末）Obviously we ______ take a taxi. It’s only four minutes’ walk from here. A．mustn’t B．had better C．needn’t D．dare not 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词（短语）词义辨析。句意：显然我们不需要乘出租车。从这里步行只有四分钟。A. mustn’t不可；B. had better最好；C. needn’t不用，不必；D. dare not不敢。根据“It’s only four minutes’ walk from here”可知，从这里步行只有四分钟，所以“不必”乘出租车，needn’t符合题意。故选C。 14．（21-22高一下·天津西青·期末）The museum isn’t far from here. You ______ go there by car. A．shouldn’t B．can’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：博物馆离这儿不远。你不必开车去那里。A. shouldn’t不应该；B. can’t不能，不可能；C. mustn’t不得，禁止；D. needn’t不需要，没必要。根据“The museum isn’t far from here.”可知，此处指“不需要”开车去那里。故选D。 15．（23-24高一上·天津蓟州·期末）—Must I return the book tomorrow? —No, you ________. You can keep it until next Thursday. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．won’t D．needn’t 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——我明天必须还书吗？——不，你不必。你可以借到下周四再还。A. can’t不能；B. mustn’t禁止；C. won’t不要；D. needn’t不需要。根据上下句句意可知，此处为情态动词needn’t“不需要”，满足句意要求，must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答使用No，主语+ needn’t。故选D项。 16．（24-25高一上·天津·期末）Lily got the first prize in the speech contest. She ________ many times last week. A．couldn’t have practised B．could practise C．must have practised D．might practise 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意：莉莉在演讲比赛中得了第一名。上周她一定练习了很多次。根据后文last week指对过去的肯定猜测应用must have done。故选C。 17．（23-24高一下·天津南开·期末）— The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. — Oh, dear! She ______ a lot of difficulties! A．may go through B．might go through C．must go through D．must have gone through 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——这位女生物学家在非洲研究野生动物长达13年才回国。——哦，天啊！她一定经历了很多困难！go through“经历”，根据“The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years”可知，此处表示对过去事实的肯定推测，应用must have done这种形式。故选D。 18．（23-24高一上·天津河东·期末）It ______ last night, as the ground is still wet. A．may have rained B．must rain C．can’t have rained D．must have rained 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：昨晚肯定下雨了，因为地还是湿的。A. may have rained可能下雨了，表示对过去发生情况可能性的推测，可能性很小；B.  must rain一定下雨，表示对现在或将来的肯定推测；C.  can’t have rained不可能下雨了，表示对过去情况的否定推测；D.  must have rained肯定下雨了，表示对过去情况的肯定性推测，可能性较大。根据句中的“last night”和“the ground is still wet”可知，由现在地面仍然是湿的可以肯定昨晚一定下雨了，这里表示对过去的肯定性推测，应用must have rained。故选D。 19．（23-24高一上·天津南开·期末）— Few of my fellows passed the politics quiz this time on campus. — How come? It ________ tough. A．should be B．might be C．must have been D．would have been 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——这次在学校里，我的同学很少通过政治测验。——怎么回事？那一定很艰难。A. should be应该是；B. might be可能是；C. must have been肯定是（表示对过去情况的推测）；D. would have been本来是。结合选项可知，此处应为情态动词的用法，结合句意，此处表示对过去情况的推测，根据上文中的“Few of my fellows passed the politics quiz this time on campus.”可知，很少有人通过政治测试，由此可推断，考试肯定很难，所以此处使用must have been。故选C项。 20．（22-23高一上·天津·期末）The students answered all the questions correctly. She ______ full preparations. A．must make B．should make C．must have made D．should have made 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词+have done用法。句意：学生们正确地回答了所有的问题。她一定做了充分的准备。A. must make必须做；B. should make应该做；C. must have made一定做了；D. should have made本应该（却没有）。根据上文“The students answered all the questions correctly.”可知，已经正确回答了所有问题，所以是must have done表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测，故选C。 21．（2023·天津·二模）—Congratulations! You ________ great efforts for the English speech contest. —Thanks. I do appreciate my teacher’s guidance. A．must have made B．should have made C．could make D．would make 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——祝贺你!你一定为这次英语演讲比赛下了很大的功夫。——谢谢。我很感激老师的指导。A. must have done一定已经做了；B. should have done本应做；C. could do能做；D. would do会做。根据句意可知，演讲很成功，说话人向演讲者表达祝贺，说话人推测演讲者在此之前一定为这次比赛下了很大的功夫；对过去情况的肯定推测用must have done结构，意为“一定做了……”。故选A项。 22．（22-23高一下·天津·阶段练习）The children____________ very excited as they received the handwritten letter from Father Christmas. A．may be B．should be C．must have been D．could have been 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意：当孩子们收到圣诞老人的手写信时，他们一定非常兴奋。A. may be可能；B. should be应该；C. must have been必定；D. could have been本来可以。根据后文“as they received the handwritten letter from Father Christmas”表示对过去的肯定猜测，应用must have done形式。故选C。 二、语法填空 1．（2025高一上·河南商丘·专题练习）Children have to (memory) about 600 characters before they can do basic reading and writing. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】memorize 【详解】考查动词。句意：孩子们在能进行基本的读写之前，必须记住大约600个汉字。此处have to后需接动词原形，memory对应的动词形式是memorize，表示“记住”的动作。故填memorize。 2．（25-26高一上·广东湛江·月考）Doing sports can (strength) your body. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】strengthen 【详解】考查动词。句意：做运动可以增强你的体质。位于情态动词can后，用动词原形strengthen“增强”。故填strengthen。 3．（25-26高二上·广东广州·期中）You should (pure) water before drinking it; otherwise, you will come down with diseases. 【答案】purify 【详解】考查动词。句意：你应该在喝水之前净化水，否则你会得病的。情态动词should后需接动词原形，作谓语，pure的动词为purify“净化”。故填purify。 4．（25-26高一上·上海黄浦·期中）Given the complexity of the experiment, I hope you (maintain) concentration during the process. 【答案】will maintain 【详解】考查情态动词+do。句意：考虑到实验的复杂性，我希望在这个过程中你保持专注。空处为宾语从句的谓语，结合句意可知，此处应为一般将来时，表示将要发生的动作，所以此处谓语动词为will maintain。故填can maintain/will maintain。 5．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）A short nap can (refresh) your mind and body. 【答案】refresh 【详解】考查动词。句意：小憩一会儿可以让你的身心恢复活力。空处作谓语，情态动词can后面，需填动词原形。故填refresh。 6．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）Words cannot fully (convey) my gratitude to you. 【答案】convey 【详解】考查动词。句意：言语无法完全表达我对你的感激之情。cannot是情态动词，其后接动词原形，convey在句中作谓语，表示“表达”的意思。故填convey。 7．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）With more practice in oral English conversations every day, he (express) his ideas fluently and confidently in the international exchange activity last week. 【答案】could have expressed 【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意：随着每天对英语口语对话进行更多的练习，他本可以在上周的国际交流活动中流利且自信地表达自己的想法。设空处应填谓语动词形式，根据时间状语“last week”可知，此处表达的是对过去的推测，即“他本来有能力做到但实际上没有做到”这种含义，所以要用“could have done”结构。故填could have expressed。 8．（25-26高一上·全国·课后作业）Only in this way we (solve) the difficult problem. 【答案】 can solve 【详解】考查倒装句和情态动词。句意：只有用这种方法，我们才能解决这个难题。“Only+状语”置于句首，句子需要使用部分倒装结构，即将助动词、情态动词或be动词置于主语之前，第一空表示“可以”用情态动词can，放在主语we之前；与情态动词can搭配，第二空应用动词原形solve“解决”。故填①can；②solve。 9．（25-26高二上·江西南昌·期中）A detailed explanation should (company) the data to help readers understand its significance. 【答案】accompany 【详解】考查动词。句意：详细的解释应伴随数据，以帮助读者理解其意义。情态动词“should”后需接动词原形；company的动词形式为accompany，意为“伴随；陪同”。故填accompany。 10．（2026高三·广东·专题练习）The new evidence might (proof) that he is innocent. 【答案】prove 【详解】考查动词。句意：新证据可能会证明他是无辜的。分析句子结构可知，空格前有情态动词might，后面需接动词原形；prove“证明”，为动词，符合语境。故填prove。 11．（2026高三·广东·专题练习）We have (finish) this report before the meeting starts this afternoon. 【答案】to finish 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们必须在今天下午会议开始前完成这份报告。此处为固定短语“have to do sth.”表示“必须做某事”。故填to finish。 12．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）He have been waiting there for quite a while! 【答案】must 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：他一定在那儿等了好一会儿了！根据“for quite a while!”可知，此处是对过去情况的肯定推测，应用must have done，意为“一定做了某事”。故填must。 （23-24高一上·浙江温州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Recently, a new exhibition building at the Sanxingdui Museum in Guanghan, Sichuan province, has become an immediate tourist hot spot. The exhibits show the mysterious culture   1 (date) back more than 3, 000 years. For those who cannot make 2 to Guanghan, an exciting exhibition based on digital technology, titled Hello Sanxingdui, provides them 3 a different chance. It is running at the Longfu Art Museum in Beijing until Feb. 29. It offers an 4 (education) and artistic time-travel experience. The journey 5   (begin) with a brief timeline of texts, photos and videos, showing how Sanxingdui was first discovered in the 1920s, 6 many objects were found by farmers. Tan Ping, one of the producers of Hello Sanxingdui, says it is of great importance to inform the public about archaeological 7 (discovery) and developments in relevant research, while it relies on new ideas and techniques 8   (bring) people new cultural experiences. He says 9 exhibition like Hello Sanxingdui will help visitors know the life 10 the creativity of the people in the Shu kingdom. 【答案】1．dating 2．it 3．with 4．educational 5．begins 6．when 7．discovries 8．to bring 9．an 10．and 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了最近，四川广汉三星堆博物馆的一座新展览馆成为了一个热门的旅游景点。这些展品展示了3000多年前的神秘文化。 1．考查现在分词。句意：这些展品展示了3000多年前的神秘文化。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，date和the mysterious culture之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填dating。 2．考查代词。句意：对于那些无法来到广汉的人来说，一个名为“你好，三星堆”的令人兴奋的数字技术展览为他们提供了一个不同的机会。分析句子可知，这里考查make it表“及时赶上参加”，是固定短语。故填it。 3．考查介词。句意：对于那些无法来到广汉的人来说，一个名为“你好，三星堆”的令人兴奋的数字技术展览为他们提供了一个不同的机会。分析句子可知，这里考查provide sb.with sth.表“提供某人某物”，为固定短语。故填with。 4．考查形容词。句意：它提供了一种教育和艺术的时间旅行体验。分析句子可知，此空作定语修饰名词，所以用形容词。故填educational。 5．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：旅程以文字、照片和视频的简短时间线开始，展示了三星堆是如何在20世纪20年代首次被发现的，当时农民们发现了许多物品分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词。The journey 与begin为主动关系，且这里描述事实，所以用一般现在时态，主语为名词单数，所以谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填begins。 6．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：旅程以文字、照片和视频的简短时间线开始，展示了三星堆是如何在20世纪20年代首次被发现的，当时农民们发现了许多物品。分析句子可知，先行词为1920s，在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，所以应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 7．考查可数名词的复数。句意：“你好，三星堆”的制作人之一谭平表示，向公众介绍考古发现和相关研究进展非常重要，而它依靠新的思想和技术给人们带来新的文化体验。分析句子可知，作介词的宾语，所以用名词，表示不止一个发现，所以用名词复数。故填discoveries。 8．考查动词不定式。“你好，三星堆”的制作人之一谭平表示，向公众介绍考古发现和相关研究进展非常重要，而它依靠新的思想和技术给人们带来新的文化体验。分析句子可知，这里考查rely on sb. to do sth.表“依靠某人做某事”，所以此空应用动词不定式作宾补。故填to bring。 9．考查冠词。句意：他说，像“你好，三星堆”这样的展览将帮助游客了解蜀国人民的生活和创造力。分析句子可知，这里泛指表“一个”，所以用不定冠词，exhibition是以元音音素开头的。故填an。 10．考查连词。句意：他说，像“你好，三星堆”这样的展览将帮助游客了解蜀国人民的生活和创造力。分析句子可知，此空前后名词是并列关系，所以用并列连词and连接。故填and。 （23-24高一上·天津西青·期末）阅读下列短文并回答问题。 When I was a high school student, maths looked like a big mountain for me and several of my classmates. Mr Iyer, a strict maths teacher, was also our class teacher. He always stuck to his rules. We had to arrive on time, pay undivided attention to his lectures, and we dared not to ignore any of his homework. Even so, as our class teacher, we got to know him better. Noticing some of us couldn’t sit still and seemed restless one day as the mid-term exams approached, he stopped solving a mathematical problem to ask us why. “There’s too much to do,”we sighed. “We’re afraid we’ll never manage to finish our revision before the exam. ”“Nothing is impossible. ”Mr. Iyer told us. “This classroom is on the second floor. Do you have a problem reaching here?”We reacted with blank stares. “No, you don’t!” he said, answering his own question. “You’ve got stairs to aid your climb. No one expects you to make it in two giant jumps. You just take it step by step. If you stick with it, everything else will work out. Remember, taking it one step at a time, that’s the key.” Then he wrote down an old saying on the blackboard—the longest journey starts with a single step. After hearing this, we finally understood his point, seeing him under a new light.” Most of my classmates achieved excellent grades in maths. And I went on to become an English teacher. To this day, whenever I pass on Mr Iyer’s invaluable advice to my own students, they become hopeful at the prospect of a lighter academic burden 1．Who was Mr. Iyer?(no more than 10 words) 2．What were Mr. Iyer’s rules?(no more than 15 words) 3．Why did Mr. Iyer stop solving a mathematical problem in class?(no more than 10 words) 4．What was Mr. Iyer’s key advice to his students?(no more than 15 words) 5．What do you think of Mr. Iyer’s advice? Please give your reason(s). (no more than 20 words) 【答案】1．A strict mathematics teacher and the author’s class teacher. 2．(To) arrive on time, pay full attention and complete homework. Or: Arriving on time, paying complete attention to lectures, and finishing all homework. 3．Some students seemed impatient and upset. Or: Some students couldn’t sit still and seemed restless. Or: To address students’ pre-exam restlessness. 4．To take things one step at a time, just like climbing stairs. Or: To keep on doing things step by step. 5．His advice is smart. If a job is big, break it down. Then, it’s easier to do. Or: It’s wise advice because it encourages gradual progress. Or: It is insightful, as it promotes manageable steps towards achieving goals. Or: It is practical, for it simplifies complex tasks into achievable actions. Or: It is encouraging, for it helps to break down overwhelming challenges. Or: It is motivational because it fosters confidence through gradual success. Or: It is valuable for fostering discipline and persistence in learning. 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Iyer先生的教书育人故事，他在学生考前焦虑的时候给出的明智建议一直鼓励着学生稳步前进。 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Mr Iyer, a strict maths teacher, was also our class teacher. (Iyer先生是一位严格的数学老师，也是我们的班主任。)”可知，Iyer先生是一位严格的数学老师，也是作者的班主任。故答案为A strict mathematics teacher and the author’s class teacher. 2．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“He always stuck to his rules. We had to arrive on time, pay undivided attention to his lectures, and we dared not to ignore any of his homework. (他总是坚持自己的规则。我们必须准时到达，全神贯注地听他讲课，我们不敢忽视他的任何作业。)”可知，Iyer先生的规则是：准时到达，全神贯注，完成所有家庭作业。故答案为(To) arrive on time, pay full attention and complete homework. Or: Arriving on time, paying complete attention to lectures, and finishing all homework. 3．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Noticing some of us couldn’t sit still and seemed restless one day as the mid-term exams approached, he stopped solving a mathematical problem to ask us why. (有一天期中考试临近，他注意到我们中的一些人坐不住，看起来很不安，于是他停止了解题，问我们为什么。)”可知，因为一些学生看起来不耐烦，坐不住，心烦意乱，坐立不安，Iyer先生在课堂上停止解数学题，并且打算解决学生考前焦虑的问题。故答案为Some students seemed impatient and upset. Or: Some students couldn’t sit still and seemed restless. Or: To address students’ pre-exam restlessness. 4．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“You’ve got stairs to aid your climb. No one expects you to make it in two giant jumps. You just take it step by step. If you stick with it, everything else will work out. Remember, taking it one step at a time, that’s the key. (就像你们爬楼梯。没人指望你两跳就能成功。你只需要一步一步来。如果你坚持下去，其他的事情都会解决的。记住，一步一步来，这是关键。)”可知，Iyer先生给学生的主要建议是：一步一步来做事情，就像爬楼梯一样，坚持一步一步来。故答案为To take things one step at a time, just like climbing stairs. Or: To keep on doing things step by step. 5．考查阅读表达。通过阅读和思考，我们发现Iyer先生的建议是非常明智的。如果一项工作很大，那就把它分解。这样做就容易多了。学习应当循序渐进，不急不躁，稳步前进。故答案为His advice is smart. If a job is big, break it down. Then, it’s easier to do. Or: It’s wise advice because it encourages gradual progress. Or: It is insightful, as it promotes manageable steps towards achieving goals. Or: It is practical, for it simplifies complex tasks into achievable actions. Or: It is encouraging, for it helps to break down overwhelming challenges. Or: It is motivational because it fosters confidence through gradual success. Or: It is valuable for fostering discipline and persistence in learning. 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $