寒假作业01 句子成分、简单句的基本句型（巩固培优）高一英语外研版

限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业01 句子成分、简单句的基本句型 句子成分 1.主语 用法：一般位于句首，是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。由名词、代词、不定式、从句等或相当于名词的词或短语充当。 Harry Potter is the hero in this book.哈利·波特是这本书的主人公。 We often speak English in class.我们经常在课堂上说英语。 2.谓语 用法：常位于主语之后，说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”，总是由动词或动词短语充当。谓语与主语在人称和数上须保持一致。 I saw your brother yesterday.我昨天看见你弟弟了。 Please look after the twins.请照看这对双胞胎。 David’s hobby is writing.戴维的业余爱好是写作。 You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。 3.表语 用法：位于系动词之后，说明主语“是什么”，“怎么样”。由名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、从句等充当。 Andy and I are friends.我和安迪是好朋友。 I’m fourteen.我14岁了。 Leaves have gone yellow.树叶变黄了。 4.宾语 用法：位于及物动词之后，表示动作的对象、承受者或结果。由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动词-ing形式或相当于名词的词或短语充当。 The workers are building the bridge.工人们正在建造这座桥。 We should learn from her.我们应该向她学习。 I enjoy sharing my work experience.我喜欢分享我的工作经验。 5.宾语补足语 用法：位于宾语后，用来补充宾语的意义。由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语，不定式、动词-ing形式、过去分词等充当。 Please call me Tom.请叫我汤姆。 Let the fresh air in.让新鲜空气进来。 His blame made Mary cry.他的责备让玛丽哭了。 提示：句子的宾语是动词不定式、动词-ing形式或从句时，常用it作形式宾语，将真正的宾语移到宾语补足语之后。常见的动词有think，find，consider，judge，feel，make，take等。 They thought it right to do this test.他们原先认为做这项试验是对的。 6.状语 用法：可位于句首、句末或句中。用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、方式、程度等。由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当。 Unfortunately,I missed the train.很不幸，我错过了火车。 Factories and building are seen here and there.到处都能见到工厂和建筑物。 Though defeated again,the scientist didn’t give up.尽管又失败了，这位科学家仍然没有放弃。 7.定语 用法：位置灵活，用来修饰名词或代词，说明名词或代词的品质与特征。由形容词、代词、数词、名词或名词所有格、介词短语、不定式、从句等或相当于形容词的词或短语充当。 The pink dress is hers.那条粉裙子是她的。 Mary’s parents have gone abroad.玛丽的父母出国了。 简单句的基本句型 1.S+V→主语+谓语（不及物动词）（+状语） 用法：在此句型中，“主语+不及物动词”构成句子的主体部分。不及物动词后面不能直接带宾语。但是有时为了表示动作发生的频率、原因、结果、目的、地点、时间等，可以有状语来修饰。 Class begins.开始上课。 begin为不及物动词，后面不能带宾语 His father has gone abroad.他父亲出国了。 状语abroad修饰动词 Jim runs in the park.吉姆在公园里跑步。 in the park作地点状语 We stopped to have a rest.我们停下来休息。 to have a rest作目的状语 提示：一些动词既可以作不及物动词，也可以作及物动词。 They are playing on the playground.他们在操场上玩。 play为不及物动词 They’re playing football.他们在踢足球。 play为及物动词 2.S+V+O→主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语 用法：在此句型中，谓语动词是及物动词，其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整。句子的宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式、从句或相当于名词的词、短语等来充当。 She likes English.她喜欢英语。 名词作宾语 He stopped writing.他停下笔。 动词-ing形式作宾语 They want to go.他们想走。 不定式作宾语 She knows what to do next.她知道下一步做什么。 “疑问词+不定式”作宾语 提示：有些不及物动词后面加上介词就相当于一个及物动词，后面就可以加宾语了。例如，在句子You must listen to me.（你必须听我的。）中，listen是不及物动词，但在加上to之后，listen to相当于一个及物动词，其后可以跟宾语me。 3.S+V+P→主语+系动词+表语（+状语） 用法：be动词和become是英语中常见的系动词，后面必须接表语，才能用来说明主语，表示“……是……”，“……变成……”等意思。表语通常由名词、副词、形容词、代词、数词、介词短语及不定式等充当。 He became a scientist.他成了一名科学家。 名词作表语 My sister is out now.我姐姐现在出去了。 副词作表语 They are honest.他们是诚实的。 形容词作表语 提示：在英语中，除了be动词和become属于系动词外，还有一些行为动词，当它们表示状态存在或表示状态变化时也可以作系动词。这类动词包括： appear出现 come成为 feel摸起来 get变得 go变得 grow变得 keep保持 look看起来 seem看起来 smell闻起来 sound听起来 taste尝起来 Children grow wiser as they grow.孩子们随着年龄的增长会变聪明。 The Lijiang River looks especially beautiful in the early morning.清晨，漓江看起来格外美丽。 Dinner smells good.饭菜闻起来很香啊。 His voice sounded strange on the phone.他的声音在电话里听着挺怪的。 I like this kind of cake.It tastes delicious very much.我喜欢这种蛋糕，它尝起来十分美味。 4.S+V+IO+DO→主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语 用法：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语，二者合称双宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象；间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或物，也就是说，间接宾语是指动作是对谁做的，或是为谁做的，所以只能是名词或宾格代词担当间接宾语。 I bought John a birthday present.我给约翰买了生日礼物。 名词John是间接宾语，a birthday present是直接宾语 Please tell me your telephone number.请告诉我你的电话号码。 宾格代词me是间接宾语，your telephone number是直接宾语 提示：间接宾语通常位于直接宾语之前，构成句型“主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语”。在此句型中，间接宾语有时也可以改成一个由to或for引起的短语，放在直接宾语之后，构成“主语+谓语（及物动词）+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语”句型。当直接宾语是人称代词，间接宾语是名词时，或者两个宾语都是人称代词时，需用此句型。 I sent a postcard to my best friend.我给我最好的朋友发了一张明信片。 I passed it to my mother.我把它递给了我妈妈。 She threw them to me.她把它们扔给我。 I found a spare ticket for him.我为他找到了一张多余的票。 Shall I order a taxi for you?要我给你叫辆出租车吗？ 5.S+V+O+OC→主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语（+状语） 用法：在某些及物动词的后面，需要用一个宾语再加一个宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。宾语和宾语补足语合称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词和介词短语等都可以作宾语补足语。 I will make you captain.我将让你当船长。 The manager asked Amanda to leave.经理要阿曼达离开。 Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.昨天我和两个美国人一起照了相。 His speech left the President in a very difficult position.他的话使总统处于艰难境地。 提示：感官动词see，hear，watch，feel，notice；使役动词make，have，let等后接不定式作宾语补足语时，省去to。但变为被动语态时，to要还原。 He saw the boy play by the river.他看到这个男孩在河边玩耍。 The boy was seen to play by the river.这个男孩被看到在河边玩耍。 注意：上述感官动词等后既可以接不带to的不定式作宾补，也可用动词-ing形式作宾补。前者表示动作已经结束，后者表示动作正在发生，一定要注意二者的区别。 He saw a girl in red get on the bus.他看见一个穿红色衣服的女孩上车了。（上车的动作已经结束） He saw a girl in red getting on the bus.他看见一个穿红色衣服的女孩正在上车。（上车的动作正在进行） 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 1．（25-26高一上·天津滨海新·阶段练习）选出划线部分在句中所做的成分。The meat went bad because of the hot weather. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．状语 2．（25-26高一上·天津滨海新·阶段练习）选出划线部分在句中所做的成分。The war made him a soldier. A．状语 B．补语 C．定语 D．宾语 3．（23-24高一上·天津·期中）We saw the boy playing basketball on the playground just now.划线部分成分是： A．宾语 B．宾语补足语 C．状语 D．谓语 4．（25-26高一上·广东·月考）Thanks, Mom. This is the best gift I have ever received. A．宾语 B．补语 C．定语 D．表语 5．（25-26高一上·广东·期中）Her father bought her a new computer as a birthday gift. A．宾语 B．宾补 C．表语 D．主语 6．（25-26高一上·广东河源·月考）In the sentence “It turns surprisingly cold overnight.”, the underlined word “cold” is ________. A．谓语 B．表语 C．状语 D．宾语 7．（25-26高一上·广东河源·月考）In the sentence “She will be waiting for you at the airport the day after tomorrow.”, the underlined part “the day after tomorrow” is ________. A．主语 B．状语 C．表语 D．谓语 8．（25-26高一上·上海青浦·期中）Every night before bedtime, he carefully lays the baby on the soft bed. What’s the sentence element of the underlined words? A．定语 B．状语 C．宾语 D．宾语补足语 9．（25-26高一上·上海青浦·期中）The young man’s dream to become an astronaut has never changed. What’s the sentence element of the underlined words? A．主语 B．宾语 C．同位语 D．定语 10．（25-26高一上·上海青浦·期中）It happened that a young writer with no publishing experience was able to create a best-selling novel. What’s the sentence element of the underlined words? A．主语 B．宾语 C．同位语 D．定语 11．（25-26高一上·天津滨海新·阶段练习）The news makes me feel very happy. What’s the sentence structure of this sentence? A．主语+谓语+宾语 B．主语+系动词+表语 C．主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 D．主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 12．（25-26高一上·广东·月考）Soldiers/found/the injured/buried in ruins/after the earthquake. A．主+谓+宾+宾补+状 B．主+谓+宾+状+状 C．主+谓+ 间宾+直宾+状 D．主+谓+宾+定+状 13．（25-26高一上·广东·月考）She/waited/patiently/until her best friend finished the important meeting. A．主+系+表+状从 B．主+谓+宾+状从 C．主+谓+ 状+状从 D．主+谓+宾+宾补 14．（25-26高一上·广东·月考）Fitness coaches / offered / office workers / practical tips / that help reduce back pain. A．主+谓+间宾+直宾+状从 B．主+谓+宾+宾补+状从 C．主+谓+间宾+直宾+定从 D．主+谓+宾+宾补+定从 15．（25-26高一上·广东·月考）Learning a new language / becomes / much easier / when you practice it for 15 minutes every day. A．主+谓+宾+定从 B．主+谓+宾+状从 C．主+系+ 表+定从 D．主+系+表+状从 16．（25-26高一上·广东·月考）She / collected / many postcards / which record interesting moments of her travels. A．主+谓+宾+宾补 B．主+谓+宾+定从 C．主+谓+宾+状从 D．主+谓+间宾+直宾 17．（25-26高一上·广东深圳·期中）The evening air turned cool as the sun disappeared behind the hills. 该句的基本结构为： A．主+谓 B．主+谓+宾 C．主+系+表 D．主+谓+宾+宾补 18．（25-26高一上·广东深圳·期中）The teacher considers this student the most creative in class. 请判断划线部分的句子成分： A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．宾语补足语 19．（25-26高一上·广东深圳·期中）My mother regretted missing a lecture given by Professor Liu. 该句的基本结构为： A．主+谓 B．主+谓+宾 C．主+谓+直宾+间宾 D．主+谓+宾+宾补 20．（25-26高一上·广东广州·期中）She cooked her husband a delicious meal. A．S. V. ID．DO B．S. V. O. C．S. V. O. OC D．S. V. A． （24-25高一上·天津红桥·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1 (grow) up in England with a British father and a Chinese mother, I’ve enjoyed food from both countries. My mom, 2 was born in Sichuan Province, often cooks spicy dishes, and due 3 this, Dad has come to love hot pot. But there are still some dishes that Dad dare not try after many years of 4 (marry) to my mother. Dad recalled that at their wedding he was 5 (shock) when he saw how the Chinese ate almost every part of an animal. Even today, he still can’t get used to eating things like chicken 6 (foot). But I like that sort of food. All my family love roast beef and vegetables, 7 Mum suggests eating less roast food as it may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies. The first time I came to China, Mum 8 (encourage) me to try different kinds of food, and I did. I loved everything I tried, except for stinky tofu, 9 horrible grey thing that looked and smelt 10 a burnt sports shoe. Maybe I’ll fall in love with it someday. （24-25高一上·天津河东·期末）阅读短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。 You may think kids are getting more homework than ever before. If so, think again. A new study by Brookings’ Brown Center on Education Policy shows that today’s students have no more homework than their parents did when they were in school. The study’s author, Tom Loveless, reviewed surveys taken by kids and parents about how much homework young students have. The results showed that the typical elementary student has 30-45 minutes of homework each night. The average high-schooler has about an hour. These numbers have remained the same since 1984. In a set of guidelines published by the National Parent Teacher Association (PTA), the amount of time students should spend on homework is their grade level multiplied by ten minutes. For example, a third-grader should have 30 minutes of homework, a fifth-grader 50 minutes, and so on. Loveless, who was a sixth-grade teacher in the 1980s, says this system has stayed consistent into the 21st century. Homework is an important part of a student’s education. Some teachers argue that homework prepares kids for state tests and for college. They worry that a lighter homework load will put kids at a disadvantage. “Homework has benefits that go well beyond what’s going on in school,” says Harris Cooper, a University of Missouri psychology professor who has studied homework’s effect on test scores. Kids learn to be organized, manage their time and master new skills without a teacher’s help. Teachers give two reasons for assigning a lot of homework. First, they say, the government now requires schools to meet higher-than-ever achievement goals for students. Second, they know many parents want their children to be able to get into the nation’s best colleges and universities. These parents believe homework is a way to ensure students are learning at their full capacity (能力). 1．What was the purpose of the study? (no more than 15 words) 2．How long should a fourth-grader spend on his homework? (no more than 5 words) 3．What does “consistent” in Paragraph 3 mean in English? (no more than 5 words) 4．What’s Paragraph 4 mainly about? (no more than 5 words) 5．What do you think of doing homework? And why? (no more than 20 words) 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业01 句子成分、简单句的基本句型 句子成分 1.主语 用法：一般位于句首，是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。由名词、代词、不定式、从句等或相当于名词的词或短语充当。 Harry Potter is the hero in this book.哈利·波特是这本书的主人公。 We often speak English in class.我们经常在课堂上说英语。 2.谓语 用法：常位于主语之后，说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”，总是由动词或动词短语充当。谓语与主语在人称和数上须保持一致。 I saw your brother yesterday.我昨天看见你弟弟了。 Please look after the twins.请照看这对双胞胎。 David’s hobby is writing.戴维的业余爱好是写作。 You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。 3.表语 用法：位于系动词之后，说明主语“是什么”，“怎么样”。由名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、从句等充当。 Andy and I are friends.我和安迪是好朋友。 I’m fourteen.我14岁了。 Leaves have gone yellow.树叶变黄了。 4.宾语 用法：位于及物动词之后，表示动作的对象、承受者或结果。由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动词-ing形式或相当于名词的词或短语充当。 The workers are building the bridge.工人们正在建造这座桥。 We should learn from her.我们应该向她学习。 I enjoy sharing my work experience.我喜欢分享我的工作经验。 5.宾语补足语 用法：位于宾语后，用来补充宾语的意义。由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语，不定式、动词-ing形式、过去分词等充当。 Please call me Tom.请叫我汤姆。 Let the fresh air in.让新鲜空气进来。 His blame made Mary cry.他的责备让玛丽哭了。 提示：句子的宾语是动词不定式、动词-ing形式或从句时，常用it作形式宾语，将真正的宾语移到宾语补足语之后。常见的动词有think，find，consider，judge，feel，make，take等。 They thought it right to do this test.他们原先认为做这项试验是对的。 6.状语 用法：可位于句首、句末或句中。用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、方式、程度等。由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当。 Unfortunately,I missed the train.很不幸，我错过了火车。 Factories and building are seen here and there.到处都能见到工厂和建筑物。 Though defeated again,the scientist didn’t give up.尽管又失败了，这位科学家仍然没有放弃。 7.定语 用法：位置灵活，用来修饰名词或代词，说明名词或代词的品质与特征。由形容词、代词、数词、名词或名词所有格、介词短语、不定式、从句等或相当于形容词的词或短语充当。 The pink dress is hers.那条粉裙子是她的。 Mary’s parents have gone abroad.玛丽的父母出国了。 简单句的基本句型 1.S+V→主语+谓语（不及物动词）（+状语） 用法：在此句型中，“主语+不及物动词”构成句子的主体部分。不及物动词后面不能直接带宾语。但是有时为了表示动作发生的频率、原因、结果、目的、地点、时间等，可以有状语来修饰。 Class begins.开始上课。 begin为不及物动词，后面不能带宾语 His father has gone abroad.他父亲出国了。 状语abroad修饰动词 Jim runs in the park.吉姆在公园里跑步。 in the park作地点状语 We stopped to have a rest.我们停下来休息。 to have a rest作目的状语 提示：一些动词既可以作不及物动词，也可以作及物动词。 They are playing on the playground.他们在操场上玩。 play为不及物动词 They’re playing football.他们在踢足球。 play为及物动词 2.S+V+O→主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语 用法：在此句型中，谓语动词是及物动词，其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整。句子的宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式、从句或相当于名词的词、短语等来充当。 She likes English.她喜欢英语。 名词作宾语 He stopped writing.他停下笔。 动词-ing形式作宾语 They want to go.他们想走。 不定式作宾语 She knows what to do next.她知道下一步做什么。 “疑问词+不定式”作宾语 提示：有些不及物动词后面加上介词就相当于一个及物动词，后面就可以加宾语了。例如，在句子You must listen to me.（你必须听我的。）中，listen是不及物动词，但在加上to之后，listen to相当于一个及物动词，其后可以跟宾语me。 3.S+V+P→主语+系动词+表语（+状语） 用法：be动词和become是英语中常见的系动词，后面必须接表语，才能用来说明主语，表示“……是……”，“……变成……”等意思。表语通常由名词、副词、形容词、代词、数词、介词短语及不定式等充当。 He became a scientist.他成了一名科学家。 名词作表语 My sister is out now.我姐姐现在出去了。 副词作表语 They are honest.他们是诚实的。 形容词作表语 提示：在英语中，除了be动词和become属于系动词外，还有一些行为动词，当它们表示状态存在或表示状态变化时也可以作系动词。这类动词包括： appear出现 come成为 feel摸起来 get变得 go变得 grow变得 keep保持 look看起来 seem看起来 smell闻起来 sound听起来 taste尝起来 Children grow wiser as they grow.孩子们随着年龄的增长会变聪明。 The Lijiang River looks especially beautiful in the early morning.清晨，漓江看起来格外美丽。 Dinner smells good.饭菜闻起来很香啊。 His voice sounded strange on the phone.他的声音在电话里听着挺怪的。 I like this kind of cake.It tastes delicious very much.我喜欢这种蛋糕，它尝起来十分美味。 4.S+V+IO+DO→主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语 用法：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语，二者合称双宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象；间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或物，也就是说，间接宾语是指动作是对谁做的，或是为谁做的，所以只能是名词或宾格代词担当间接宾语。 I bought John a birthday present.我给约翰买了生日礼物。 名词John是间接宾语，a birthday present是直接宾语 Please tell me your telephone number.请告诉我你的电话号码。 宾格代词me是间接宾语，your telephone number是直接宾语 提示：间接宾语通常位于直接宾语之前，构成句型“主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语”。在此句型中，间接宾语有时也可以改成一个由to或for引起的短语，放在直接宾语之后，构成“主语+谓语（及物动词）+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语”句型。当直接宾语是人称代词，间接宾语是名词时，或者两个宾语都是人称代词时，需用此句型。 I sent a postcard to my best friend.我给我最好的朋友发了一张明信片。 I passed it to my mother.我把它递给了我妈妈。 She threw them to me.她把它们扔给我。 I found a spare ticket for him.我为他找到了一张多余的票。 Shall I order a taxi for you?要我给你叫辆出租车吗？ 5.S+V+O+OC→主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语（+状语） 用法：在某些及物动词的后面，需要用一个宾语再加一个宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。宾语和宾语补足语合称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词和介词短语等都可以作宾语补足语。 I will make you captain.我将让你当船长。 The manager asked Amanda to leave.经理要阿曼达离开。 Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.昨天我和两个美国人一起照了相。 His speech left the President in a very difficult position.他的话使总统处于艰难境地。 提示：感官动词see，hear，watch，feel，notice；使役动词make，have，let等后接不定式作宾语补足语时，省去to。但变为被动语态时，to要还原。 He saw the boy play by the river.他看到这个男孩在河边玩耍。 The boy was seen to play by the river.这个男孩被看到在河边玩耍。 注意：上述感官动词等后既可以接不带to的不定式作宾补，也可用动词-ing形式作宾补。前者表示动作已经结束，后者表示动作正在发生，一定要注意二者的区别。 He saw a girl in red get on the bus.他看见一个穿红色衣服的女孩上车了。（上车的动作已经结束） He saw a girl in red getting on the bus.他看见一个穿红色衣服的女孩正在上车。（上车的动作正在进行） 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 1．（25-26高一上·天津滨海新·阶段练习）选出划线部分在句中所做的成分。The meat went bad because of the hot weather. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．状语 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：由于天气炎热，肉变坏了。名词The meat“肉”作句子的主语，动词短语went bad“变坏了”构成系表结构，because of the hot weather为介词短语和名词短语的搭配，意为“由于天气炎热”，作原因状语。故选D。 2．（25-26高一上·天津滨海新·阶段练习）选出划线部分在句中所做的成分。The war made him a soldier. A．状语 B．补语 C．定语 D．宾语 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：这场战争使他成为军人。The war为主语；made为谓语；him为宾语；a soldier为宾补。故选B。 3．（23-24高一上·天津·期中）We saw the boy playing basketball on the playground just now.划线部分成分是： A．宾语 B．宾语补足语 C．状语 D．谓语 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：刚才我们看见那个男孩在操场上打篮球。分析句子的结构可知，该句为“see+宾语+宾补”的结构，其中the boy为句子的宾语，playing football为现在分词作宾语补足语。故选B。 4．（25-26高一上·广东·月考）Thanks, Mom. This is the best gift I have ever received. A．宾语 B．补语 C．定语 D．表语 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：谢谢，妈妈。这是我收到过的最好的礼物。根据句意以及句子结构可知画线部分是一个省略了关系词的定语从句，意为“我收到过的”，修饰先行词“gift”，关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时，可以省略。故选 C。 5．（25-26高一上·广东·期中）Her father bought her a new computer as a birthday gift. A．宾语 B．宾补 C．表语 D．主语 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分判断。句意：她爸爸给她买了一台新电脑作为生日礼物。句子主干为“Her father（主语）bought（谓语）her（间接宾语）a new computer（直接宾语）”，“buy”是双宾语动词，常用结构“buy sb. sth.”，其中“sth.”作直接宾语，对应题干中的“a new computer”。故选A项。 6．（25-26高一上·广东河源·月考）In the sentence “It turns surprisingly cold overnight.”, the underlined word “cold” is ________. A．谓语 B．表语 C．状语 D．宾语 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：结果一夜之间天气变得异常寒冷。句子结构为“主系表”，“turns”在此处作系动词，意为“变得”。系动词后需接表语，“cold”描述主语“it”（天气）的状态，符合形容词作表语的语法功能。故选B。 7．（25-26高一上·广东河源·月考）In the sentence “She will be waiting for you at the airport the day after tomorrow.”, the underlined part “the day after tomorrow” is ________. A．主语 B．状语 C．表语 D．谓语 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分辨析。句意：她后天会在机场等你。分析句子结构可知，“the day after tomorrow”意为“后天”，用于说明谓语动词“will be waiting”发生的时间，符合时间状语的语法定义。故选B项。 8．（25-26高一上·上海青浦·期中）Every night before bedtime, he carefully lays the baby on the soft bed. What’s the sentence element of the underlined words? A．定语 B．状语 C．宾语 D．宾语补足语 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：每天晚上睡觉前，他都小心地把婴儿放在柔软的床上。划线部分on the soft bed在句中说明动词lays的位置，作地点状语，表示“放在柔软的床上”。故选B。 9．（25-26高一上·上海青浦·期中）The young man’s dream to become an astronaut has never changed. What’s the sentence element of the underlined words? A．主语 B．宾语 C．同位语 D．定语 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：这个年轻人想成为宇航员的梦想从未改变。分析句子可知，题干中主句为“The young man’s dream has never changed”（年轻人的梦想从未改变），划线部分 “to become an astronaut”（成为一名宇航员）是对前面名词“dream”（梦想）的具体内容解释说明—— 即“梦想是什么”，二者指涉同一事物（梦想 = 成为宇航员），符合同位语的定义。故选C项。 10．（25-26高一上·上海青浦·期中）It happened that a young writer with no publishing experience was able to create a best-selling novel. What’s the sentence element of the underlined words? A．主语 B．宾语 C．同位语 D．定语 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分辨析。句意：碰巧一位没有出版经验的年轻作家能够创作出一部畅销小说。“with no publishing experience”是一个介词短语，用来修饰前面的名词“a young writer”，说明这位作家的特征，作定语。故选D项。 11．（25-26高一上·天津滨海新·阶段练习）The news makes me feel very happy. What’s the sentence structure of this sentence? A．主语+谓语+宾语 B．主语+系动词+表语 C．主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 D．主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：这个消息让我感到非常高兴。The news是主语，意思是“消息”；makes是谓语，为动词make“使，让”的第三人称单数形式 ；me是宾语，意思是“我”；feel very happy“感到非常高兴”是宾语补足语。故选C。 12．（25-26高一上·广东·月考）Soldiers/found/the injured/buried in ruins/after the earthquake. A．主+谓+宾+宾补+状 B．主+谓+宾+状+状 C．主+谓+ 间宾+直宾+状 D．主+谓+宾+定+状 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：士兵们在地震后发现了被埋在废墟中的伤者。分析句子成分可知，Soldiers为主语；found为谓语；the injured为宾语；buried in ruins为宾语补足语；after the earthquake为状语。故为 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 + 状结构。故选A项。 13．（25-26高一上·广东·月考）She/waited/patiently/until her best friend finished the important meeting. A．主+系+表+状从 B．主+谓+宾+状从 C．主+谓+ 状+状从 D．主+谓+宾+宾补 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：她耐心地等待，直到她最好的朋友结束那场重要的会议。分析句子成分可知，She为主语；waited为谓语；patiently为状语；until her best friend finished the important meeting为时间状语从句，所以为主 + 谓 + 状 + 状从结构。故选C项。 14．（25-26高一上·广东·月考）Fitness coaches / offered / office workers / practical tips / that help reduce back pain. A．主+谓+间宾+直宾+状从 B．主+谓+宾+宾补+状从 C．主+谓+间宾+直宾+定从 D．主+谓+宾+宾补+定从 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构和从句类型。句意：健身教练为办公室职员提供了有助于缓解背痛的实用建议。根据句子成分划分，Fitness coaches是主语，offered是谓语，office workers是间接宾语，practical tips是直接宾语，that help reduce back pain是修饰先行词practical tips的定语从句，that在从句中作主语。因此句子结构为“主+谓+间宾+直宾+定从”。故选C。 15．（25-26高一上·广东·月考）Learning a new language / becomes / much easier / when you practice it for 15 minutes every day. A．主+谓+宾+定从 B．主+谓+宾+状从 C．主+系+ 表+定从 D．主+系+表+状从 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：当你每天练习15分钟时，学习一门新语言会变得容易得多。分析句子成分可知，Learning a new language为主语（动名词短语作主语），becomes为系动词，much easier为表语，when you practice it for 15 minutes every day 为时间状语从句，所以为主 + 系 + 表 + 状从结构。故选D项。 16．（25-26高一上·广东·月考）She / collected / many postcards / which record interesting moments of her travels. A．主+谓+宾+宾补 B．主+谓+宾+定从 C．主+谓+宾+状从 D．主+谓+间宾+直宾 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：她收集了许多记录着她旅行中有趣瞬间的明信片。分析句子成分可知，She为主语，collected为谓语，many postcards为宾语，which record interesting moments of her travels为定语从句（修饰宾语many postcards），即为主 + 谓 + 宾 + 定从。故选B项。 17．（25-26高一上·广东深圳·期中）The evening air turned cool as the sun disappeared behind the hills. 该句的基本结构为： A．主+谓 B．主+谓+宾 C．主+系+表 D．主+谓+宾+宾补 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：太阳消失在山后，傍晚的空气变得凉爽起来。分析句子可知，该句主语为The evening air，系动词为turned，意为“变得”，表状态变化（类似 become、get）。表语为形容词cool作表语，补充说明主语“the evening air”的状态（“变得凉爽”），构成“主 + 系 + 表” 核心结构。时间状语从句as the sun disappeared behind the hills由 as 引导，说明 “空气变凉”的时间背景（“当太阳落到山后时”），属于附加成分，不影响主句核心结构。故选C项。 18．（25-26高一上·广东深圳·期中）The teacher considers this student the most creative in class. 请判断划线部分的句子成分： A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．宾语补足语 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：这位老师认为这个学生是班上最具创造力的学生。The teacher为主语；considers为谓语；this student为宾语；the most creative为宾语补足语；in class为状语。故选D。 19．（25-26高一上·广东深圳·期中）My mother regretted missing a lecture given by Professor Liu. 该句的基本结构为： A．主+谓 B．主+谓+宾 C．主+谓+直宾+间宾 D．主+谓+宾+宾补 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：我母亲很后悔错过了刘教授所作的一场讲座。句子主语为My mother；句子谓语为regretted；句子宾语为missing a lecture，given by Professor Liu为过去分词短语作定语。因此句子为主谓宾结构。故选B。 20．（25-26高一上·广东广州·期中）She cooked her husband a delicious meal. A．S. V. ID．DO B．S. V. O. C．S. V. O. OC D．S. V. A． 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：她为丈夫做了一顿美味的饭菜。分析句子结构可知，She是主语，cooked是谓语，her husband是间接宾语，a delicious meal是直接宾语，因此句子结构是S. V. ID. DO。故选A。 （24-25高一上·天津红桥·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1 (grow) up in England with a British father and a Chinese mother, I’ve enjoyed food from both countries. My mom, 2 was born in Sichuan Province, often cooks spicy dishes, and due 3 this, Dad has come to love hot pot. But there are still some dishes that Dad dare not try after many years of 4 (marry) to my mother. Dad recalled that at their wedding he was 5 (shock) when he saw how the Chinese ate almost every part of an animal. Even today, he still can’t get used to eating things like chicken 6 (foot). But I like that sort of food. All my family love roast beef and vegetables, 7 Mum suggests eating less roast food as it may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies. The first time I came to China, Mum 8 (encourage) me to try different kinds of food, and I did. I loved everything I tried, except for stinky tofu, 9 horrible grey thing that looked and smelt 10 a burnt sports shoe. Maybe I’ll fall in love with it someday. 【答案】1．Growing 2．who 3．to 4．marriage 5．shocked 6．feet 7．but 8．encouraged 9．a 10．like 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己作为一个中英混血儿对食物的感受。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：我的父亲是英国人，母亲是中国人，我在英国长大，很喜欢两国的食物。此处作状语，grow与逻辑主语I构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填Growing。 2．考查定语从句。句意：我妈妈出生在四川省，经常做辛辣的菜，正因为如此，爸爸也开始喜欢火锅了。此处引导定语从句，先行词为mom，指人，且先行词在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 3．考查介词。句意同上。此处意为“因为，由于”，表达为due to。故填to。 4．考查名词。句意：但结婚这么多年后，他还是有些菜不敢尝试。此处作宾语，故应用名词“marriage婚姻”。故填marriage。 5．考查形容词。句意：爸爸回忆说，在他们婚礼上，当他看到中国人几乎吃动物的每一个部分时，他感到震惊。此处作表语，主语为he，指人，故应用修饰人的形容词“shocked感到震惊的”。故填shocked。 6．考查名词的数。句意：即使在今天，他还是不能习惯吃鸡脚之类的东西。foot为可数名词，此处泛指“鸡的脚”，故应用复数形式。故填feet。 7．考查连词。句意：我全家都喜欢吃烤牛肉和蔬菜，但是妈妈建议我们少吃烤肉，因为它可能会让我们体内发热。根据空前“All my family love roast beef and vegetables”和空后“Mum suggests eating less roast food”可知，“我们全家都喜欢吃烤牛肉和蔬菜”与“妈妈建议我们少吃烤肉”为转折关系，故应用连词but，故填but。 8．考查动词时态。句意：我第一次来到中国，妈妈鼓励我尝试不同种类的食物，并且我做到了。此处作谓语动词，主语为Mum，与encourage之间为主动关系，且根据后文did可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时。故填encouraged。 9．考查冠词。句意：除了臭豆腐，我什么都喜欢，臭豆腐是一种可怕的灰色食品，看起来和闻起来都像烧焦的运动鞋。thing为可数名词，且此处表泛指“一种可怕的灰色食品”，故应用不定冠词，且horrible是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用冠词a。故填a。 10．考查介词。句意同上。此处意为“看起来/闻起来像……”，表达为look/smell like，故此处应用介词like。故填like。 （24-25高一上·天津河东·期末）阅读短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。 You may think kids are getting more homework than ever before. If so, think again. A new study by Brookings’ Brown Center on Education Policy shows that today’s students have no more homework than their parents did when they were in school. The study’s author, Tom Loveless, reviewed surveys taken by kids and parents about how much homework young students have. The results showed that the typical elementary student has 30-45 minutes of homework each night. The average high-schooler has about an hour. These numbers have remained the same since 1984. In a set of guidelines published by the National Parent Teacher Association (PTA), the amount of time students should spend on homework is their grade level multiplied by ten minutes. For example, a third-grader should have 30 minutes of homework, a fifth-grader 50 minutes, and so on. Loveless, who was a sixth-grade teacher in the 1980s, says this system has stayed consistent into the 21st century. Homework is an important part of a student’s education. Some teachers argue that homework prepares kids for state tests and for college. They worry that a lighter homework load will put kids at a disadvantage. “Homework has benefits that go well beyond what’s going on in school,” says Harris Cooper, a University of Missouri psychology professor who has studied homework’s effect on test scores. Kids learn to be organized, manage their time and master new skills without a teacher’s help. Teachers give two reasons for assigning a lot of homework. First, they say, the government now requires schools to meet higher-than-ever achievement goals for students. Second, they know many parents want their children to be able to get into the nation’s best colleges and universities. These parents believe homework is a way to ensure students are learning at their full capacity (能力). 1．What was the purpose of the study? (no more than 15 words) 2．How long should a fourth-grader spend on his homework? (no more than 5 words) 3．What does “consistent” in Paragraph 3 mean in English? (no more than 5 words) 4．What’s Paragraph 4 mainly about? (no more than 5 words) 5．What do you think of doing homework? And why? (no more than 20 words) 【答案】1．To prove whether kids are getting more homework than ever before. 2．For 40 minutes. 3．The same./Unchanged. 4．Importance of doing homework. 5．Doing homework helps children understand what is being learned in class, find weaknesses and develop skills to improve confidence. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项研究研究了孩子们是否比以前有更多的家庭作业以及家庭作业的益处。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“A new study by Brookings’ Brown Center on Education Policy shows that today’s students have no more homework than their parents did when they were in school.(布鲁金斯布朗教育政策中心的一项新研究表明，今天的学生的家庭作业并不比他们的父母在学校时多)”可知，研究的目的是为了证明孩子们是否比以前有更多的家庭作业。故回答为：To prove whether kids are getting more homework than ever before. 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In a set of guidelines published by the National Parent Teacher Association (PTA), the amount of time students should spend on homework is their grade level multiplied by ten minutes. For example, a third-grader should have 30 minutes of homework, a fifth-grader 50 minutes, and so on.(在全国家长教师协会（PTA）发布的一套指导方针中，学生应该花在家庭作业上的时间是他们的年级水平乘以10分钟。例如，三年级的学生应该有30分钟的家庭作业，五年级的学生应该有50分钟，以此类推)”可知，一个四年级的学生应该花40分钟做家庭作业。故回答为：For 40 minutes. 3．词句猜测题。根据第二段“These numbers have remained the same since 1984.(这些数字自1984年以来一直保持不变)”和第三段“For example, a third-grader should have 30 minutes of homework, a fifth-grader 50 minutes, and so on. Loveless, who was a sixth-grade teacher in the 1980s, says this system has stayed consistent into the 21st century.(例如，一个三年级的学生应该有30分钟的家庭作业，一个五年级的学生有50分钟，以此类推。Loveless在20世纪80年代是一名六年级的老师，他说这个制度一直consistent到21世纪)”可推知，学生应该花在家庭作业上的时间是他们的年级水平乘以10分钟，这种制度一直延续到21世纪。故回答为：The same./Unchanged. 4．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Homework is an important part of a student’s education. Some teachers argue that homework prepares kids for state tests and for college. They worry that a lighter homework load will put kids at a disadvantage. “Homework bas benefits that go well beyond what’s going on in school,” says Harris Cooper, a University of Missouri psychology professor who has studied homework’s effect on test scores. Kids learn to be organized, manage their time and master new skills without a teacher’s help.(家庭作业是学生教育的重要组成部分。一些老师认为家庭作业可以帮助孩子们为州考试和大学做好准备。他们担心较轻的家庭作业负担会使孩子处于不利地位。密苏里大学心理学教授哈里斯·库珀研究了家庭作业对考试成绩的影响，他说：“家庭作业的好处远远超出了学校的学习范围。”孩子们在没有老师的帮助下学会了组织、管理时间和掌握新技能)”可知，第四段主要关于做作业的重要性。故回答为：Importance of doing homework. 5．开放性试题。考生言之有理即可，例如：做作业帮助孩子理解课堂所学知识，发现弱点，掌握技巧，提高自信。故回答为：Doing homework helps children understand what is being learned in class, find weaknesses and develop skills to improve confidence. 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $