课时作业51 Understanding each other（一）-【红对勾讲与练·练习手册】2026年高考英语大一轮复习全新方案通用版（译林版）

课时作业51 Understa (总分 I.阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共20分） ④ (2025·华中师大一附中月考) Three years ago,Sather Gowdy,a student at Gonzaga University,went through a break-up.Then two of his close friends passed away.So Sather withdrew, avoiding going out. Everything changed one day as Sather was returning home from class.An elderly woman,standing by her open trunk full of groceries,asked him to help her.He helped her get them inside."Walking home,I realized my heart feeling lighter for the first time in weeks,"Sather says.He made a decision not to close himself off,but perform kindness every day for his community. Sather starts small.He once noticed his neighbor's fence was damaged and wanted to fix it,but he didn't know how."Lack of knowledge didn't stop me!"he says."I learned online,bought a hammer and some nails,and repaired it."As the movement has grown,so have Sather's responsibilities.He dedicates several hours each day to finding ways to serve others-cleaning up the community or assisting elderly neighbors with yard work and other tasks. "Serving others isn't always fun,"Sather says. "It's hard work to remain committed to spreading kindness through serving others.But even on the toughest days,seeing the smiles on my neighbors'faces makes it worthwhile.” "Think of something that everyone complains about and then go do it,"Sather recommends.An alley near his house,for example,was constantly filled with trash.Neighbors talked about how much they hated it, yet no one did anything about it.Sather spent several hours daily for two weeks cleaning it. "When I was done,I saw increased joy and pride in our neighborhood,"Sather says.Seven months later, the alley is still clean.Sather often sees neighbors checking on it,picking up lingering garbage or cutting back weeds."Start small.You'll be amazed at your impact,”says Sather. 1.What pulled Sather out of the state of being separate? A.The positive impact of the class on him. (横线下方不可作答) 4 班级： 姓名： nding each other(一) 35分) B.The elderly lady's practical suggestions. C.The timely kindness from the community. D.The sense of achievement from being helpful. 2.What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A.How Sather felt about his behaviour. B.How Sather helps the community. C.Why Sather finds ways to serve others. D.What Sather needed to fix his neighbor's fence. 3.What can we learn from Sather's story?（） A.Doing good starts with ourselves. B.Work together to help the elderly. C.Being proud helps to serve others. D.Help others to make them stronger. 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A.His search for the simplest joy B.His pursuit of the community's happiness C.He healed his pain with acts of kindness D.He changed the community with his efforts B （2024·浙江杭州高三质检) Is forgiveness against our human nature?To answer our question,we need to ask a further question:What is the essence of our humanity?For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity.The first view involves dominance and power.In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness,Droll made the interesting claim that humans'essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows.Those who forgive are against their basic nature,much to their harm.In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others,who might then take advantage of them. The second view involves the theme of cooperation,mutual respect,and even love as the basis of who we are as humans.Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings,we need both to receive love from and offer love to others.Without love,our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart.Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.For example,how well has slavery(奴隶制)worked as a mode of social harmony? 7 选择性必修第四册 From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans,forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness,shown through scientific studies,is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger.At least to an extent the people from whom you are estranged( )accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments.Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. As an important note,when we take a classical Realism philosophical perspective,that of Aristotle,we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality.We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive,but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.The actuality of forgiving,its actual appropriation in conflict situations,develops with practice 5.What is Droll's idea about forgiveness? A.People should offer mercy to others. B.Aggressive people should learn to forgive. C.Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity. D.People who forgive can have their own welfare affected. 6.What does the example in paragraph 2 illustrate? A.To forgive is to love. B.To dominate is to harm C.To fight is to grow. D.To give is to receive. 7.What is the writer's attitude toward forgiveness? 】 A.Favorable. B.Reserved C.Objective. D.Skeptical. 8.What is the message of the last paragraph? A.Forgiveness is in our nature. B.Forgiveness grows with time. C.It takes practice to forgive. D.Actuality is based on potentiality Ⅱ.完形填空（每小题1分，共15分） (2024·湖北宜昌高三模拟) A few days before my high school ended,I was sitting in my English class.My classmates were talking about who would be the first person to shed tears at 1.Then,everyone looked at me,and I began to 2 right then and there.I am not an emotional person,but the 3 of leaving this place hit me hard. I never knew how much this building and the people in 红对勾·讲与练4 it 4 to me,until my last days. High school isn't for everyone,but there is something for everyone in high school.You just have to 5_out what your“thing”is.I6_found my “thing'”in high school and that was Student Government.For once I had a(n)7.I served as the representative of my class,and it gave me a 8 to convey not only my own,but my classmates'9 to teachers and our school. But there were a lot of times when I felt 10.I sat in the classroom looking at the clock,11 for the end of school day.I 12 the days until summer like it was my job.But now I 13 I could take back all of those moments. My biggest 14 to anyone still in high school is to make your school a place where you want to go.High school goes by very quickly.You only get one chance to be a high schooler,so take 15 of it. 1.()A.school B.graduation C.break D.random 2.( )A.cry B.lie C.sing D.sigh 3.( )A.proposal B.option C.possibility D.thought 4.( )A.meant B.replied C.reacted D.faded 5.( )A.bring B.figure C.cross D.carry 6.( )A.anxiously B.bravely C.luckily D.initially 7.( )A.organization B.impression C.voice D.discovery 8.( )A.benefit B.chance C.challenge D.purpose 9.( )A.objectives B.principles C.concerns D.updates 10.( ）A.disturbed B.sheltered C.alarmed D.inspired 11.( )A.applauding B.searching C.fighting D.longing 12.( )A.counted down B.went through C.set aside D.put off 13.( )A.promise B.assume C.pray D.realize 14.( )A.support B.advice C.rule D.warning 15.（ ）A.account B.notice C.control D.advantage 8 高三英语YL2.G本段主要讲的是要目标明确，且坚持下 去。空前举例说明了目标不应该太笼统，应 该具体一些，空后提到把它（你的目标）写在 你会经常被提醒的地方。因此空处应与目 标明确或坚持目标有关。G项“让你的朋友 和家人知道你的目标，他们的压力会帮助你 坚持下去。”呼应本段主题。空后的“t”指代 G项中的“your goal”。 3.B空处位于段首，应是对整段内容的总领 概括。根据下文内容可知，该段主要介绍的 是把目标分解成简单的小步骤。 4.C本段主要讲了你需要跟踪并衡量目标完 成的情况，空前引用名言“你如果无法度量 它，就无法管理它”，空后以打网球或踢足球 不记分为例，说明跟踪并衡量目标完成情况 的重要性。因此空处也应与跟踪并衡量目 标完成情况有关。 5.F该段主要讲述了庆祝你的成功的重要 性。空前提到它在大脑中释放出大量温暖 的化学物质，不仅鼓励你做更多的事情，而 且是动力和满足感的核心。你庆祝得越多， 你就越有可能继续获胜。因此空处内容应 与庆祝成功有关」 课时作业51 Understanding each other() I.阅读理解 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主 要讲述了Sather在经历个人困境后，决定通过 为社区做好事来改变自己的心态和生活，进而 产生了积极的社会影响的故事。 1.D细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Three years ago,Sather Gowdy,a student at Gonza- ga University,went through a break-up.Then two of his close friends passed away.So Sather withdrew,avoiding going out..”和第二段 "Everything changed one day as Sather was re turning home from class...He made a decision not to close himself off,but perform kindness every day for his community.”可知，Sather在 经历分手和密友离世后变得封闭，但有一天 他都助一位老妇人搬运杂货，这次经历让他 心情变得轻松，并决定不再封闭自己，而是 每天为社区做好事。因此，是帮助他人这一 行为带来的正面情感和成就感让他摆脱了 封闭的状态。故选D。 2.B主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Sather starts small.He once noticed his neighbor's fence was damaged and wanted to fix it,but he didn't know how...cleaning up the commu- nity or assisting elderly neighbors with yard work and other tasks..”可知，第三段主要讲述 了Sather如何帮助社区，如清理社区或帮助 老年邻居做园艺和其他工作。故选B。 3.A推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章 主要讲述了Sather经历了个人困境后，通过 为社区做好事来改变自己的心态和生活。 他从小事做起，如修理邻居的篱笆，逐渐发 展到每天花费数小时寻找服务他人的方法。 这个过程表明，Sather的善行是从他自身开 始的，他通过自己的行动影响了社区，带来 了正面的变化。选项A“Doing good starts with ourselves.(做好事从我们自己开始)” 与Sather的故事相符。故选A。 4.C主旨大意题。根据文章第-段“Three years ago,Sather Gowdy,a student at Gonza- ga University,went through a break-up.Then two of his close friends passed away.So Sather withdrew,avoiding going out.”和第二段的 "Everything changed one day as Sather was re- turning home from class.”以及全文内容可 性；thought想法。 知，文章主要讲述了Sather在经历个人困境4.A句意：直到最后的日子，我才知道这栋楼 后，通过为社区做好事来改变自己的心态和 和里面的人对我有多么重要。根据上文的 生活，从而逐渐走出伤痛的故事。选项C “leaving this place hit me hard'”可知，学校对 “He healed his pain with acts of kindness(他 “我”来说意义重大。故选A项。mean意味 用善行治愈了伤痛)”准确地捕捉到了文章 着；reply回答；react反应；fade禳色。 的核心内容，最适合作文章标题。故选C。 5.B句意：你只需要弄清楚你的“目标”是什 么。根据上文的“there is something for 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲 everyone in high school'”可知，你要弄清楚在 述了两种关于原谅的观点，说明了原谅的好 高中阶段想要得到什么。figure out意为“弄 处，并告诉读者原凉是可以通过训练提升的。 清楚”。故选B项。bring带来；figure计算； 5.D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“nhis cross穿过；carry承载。 opinion,forgivers are compromising their6.C句意：我很幸运地在高中找到了我的“目 well-being as they offer mercy to others,who 标”，那就是学生会。根据本句中的“found might then take advantage of them.”可知. my thing'in high school and that was Dol认为原谅别人的人在宽恕他人的时候 Student Government'”可知，“我”找到了在高中 也在损害自己的幸福，而被宽恕的人可能会 阶段想要的东西，因此“我”是幸运的。故选C 利用他们，故D项正确 项。anxiously焦虑地；bravely勇敢地；luckily 6.B推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Even 幸运地；initially最初地（课标生僻词）。 common sense strongly suggests that the will7.C句意：这一次我终于有了发言权。根据 to power over others does not make for harmo 下文的“I served as the representative of my nious interactions.”可知，支配他人的意志并 class'”可知，“我”作为班级代表可以向学校 不能促成和谐的互动。由此可以推断，作者 提建议，因此“我”有发言权。故选C项 举奴隶制这个例子是为了说明“支配他人就 organization组织；impression印象；voice声 是伤害”，敌B项正确。 音，发言权；discovery发现。 7.A观点态度题。根据第三段中的“one of8.B句意：我担任了班级代表，这给了我一个 the outcomes of forgiveness,shown through 机会，不仅可以向老师和学校传达我自己的 scientific studies,is the decreasing of hatred 想法，也可以传达我的同学们的想法。根据 and the restoration of harmony.Forgiveness 本句中的“I served as the representative of my can break the cycle of anger...Forgiveness can clss”可知，“我”作为班级代表有机会向学 heal relationships and reconnect people."和第 校提建议。敌选B项。benefit好处；chance 四段中的“We are not necessarily..with the 机会；challenge挑战；purpose目的。 potential to learn about it and to grow in our9.C句意同上。根据“I served as the repre- ability to forgive.”可知，作者认为原谅可以 sentative of my class,and it gave me a 8 减少仇恨，恢复和谐，打破愤怒的循环，愈合 to convey not only my own”可知，“我”作为 关系，将人们再次联系在一起，且人们应该 班级代表有机会向学校提建议，把自己和同 学习原谅并提升原谅的能力。由此可知，作 学们关心的问题反映给学校。敌选C项 者对原谅持支持的态度，故A项正确。 objective目标；principle原则；concern关心的 8.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We 问题，关注；update更新。 are not necessarily.with the potential to learn10.A句意：但有很多时候，我感到烦恼。根 about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. 据本句的But表示转折和下文的“I sat in The actuality of forgiving...develops with the classroom looking at the clock, 11 practice.”可知，我们不一定天生就有原谅的 for the end of school day.”可知，“我”有时 能力，但我们有潜力学习原谅并提升我们原 会盼望在学校的一天快点过去，因此“我” 谅的能力，原谅是随着练而发展的，故C 应是感到烦恼的。故选A项。disturbed烦 项正确。 恼的，不安的：sheltered庇护的：alarmed惊 Ⅱ.完形填空 恐的；inspired启发的。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主11.D句意：我坐在数室里看着时钟，渴望着 要讲述了作者在高中毕业前的经历和感悟，表 一天的学习结束。根据语境及上文的“But 达了对离别的不舍与对高中生活的珍惜。作 there were a lot of times when I felt 者希望高中生利用好高中的时间，实现自己的 10. ”可知，“我”有时会盼望在学校的 目标 一天快点过去。故选D项。applaud鼓掌； 1.B句意：同学们在讨论谁会是第一个在毕 search搜索；fight打斗；long渴望。 业典礼上流泪的人。根据上文的“Afw12.A句意：我数着日子等着夏天的到来，仿 days before my high school ended,I was 佛那是我的工作。根据上文的“I sat in the sitting in my English class.”可知，“我”的高 classroom looking at the clock, 11 for 中生活即将结束，因此学校要举行毕业仪 the end of school day."可知，“我”有时会盼 式。故选B项。school学校；graduation毕业 望在学校的一天快点过去，因此会开始数 典礼；break休息；random随机。 日子，等待暑假的来临。故选A项。count 2.A句意：然后，每个人都看着我，我就在那 down倒计时，倒着数；go through经历；set 时哭了起来。根据上文的“My classmates aside留出；put off推迟。 were talking about who would be the first 13.C句意：但现在我祈祷我可以收回所有的 person to shed tears”可知，“我”就在那时哭 那些时刻。根据上文的“II2 the days 了起来。故选A项。cry哭泣；lie说谎；sing until summer like it was my job.”及本句中 唱歌；sigh叹息。 的But可知，“我”希望过去数日子的事情 3D句意：我不是一个情绪化的人，但是一想 没有发生，因此应是祈祷能追回那些日子」 到要离开这个地方，我就很难受。根据本句 故选C项。promise承诺；assume假设； 中的“leaving this place hit me hard”可知， pray祈祷；realize实现。 想到要毕业了就使“我”很难受。故选D项。14.B句意：我对还在上高中的人最大的建议 proposal提议；option选项；possibility可能是，让你的学校成为你想去的地方。根据 -561- 参考答案“心 本句中的“make your school a place where study found that relating to others with empa- you want to go'”可知，“我”通过自身的经历 thy is significantly associated with lower stress 给高中生提建议：让你的学校成为你想去 levels abroad.”可知，带着同理心去理解他 的地方。故选B项。support支持；advice 人是应对文化冲击的有效方法。故选D。 建议；ule规则；warning警告。 Ⅱ.语法填空 15.D句意：你只有一次成为高中生的机会， 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲 所以要好好利用它。根据本句中的“You 述了上海和米兰这两个城市在多个方面的相 only get one chance to be a high schooler'”可 似之处，以及它们之间的友好关系和合作。 知，“我”建议高中生利用好这段时间，因为1.shared考查非谓语动词。句意：在米兰生 机会只有一次。take advantage of意为“充 活了10年的上海本地人施悦是意大利麦肯 分利用”。故选D项。account账户；notice 世界集团的初级艺术总监，她总是对家乡和 注意；control控制；advantage优势。 目前居住的意大利城市之间的相似之处感 课时作业52 Understanding 到惊讶。similarities与share之间是逻辑上 的被动关系，应使用过去分词作后置定语， each other(二) 故填shared。 1.阅读理解 2.to describe考查非谓语动词。句意：开放 A 包容、发达、国际化、时尚…这些是她用来 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲 形容这两个城市的词汇。use sth.to do sth. 述了Kelli Boehle创办非营利组织Nik's Wish 为固定用法，意为“用某物做某事”，故填o 帮助与癌症作斗争的年轻人实现愿望的故事」 describe 1.D细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“In 3.s考查介词。句意：这两个城市都是全球 2012,Kelli Boehle started Nik's Wish.The 许多行业的中心，特别是时尚和设计行业 nonprofit grants wishes to young adults serve as为固定短语，意为“充当，作为”，故 between the ages of 18 and 24 who are battling 填as cancer..”可知，这个组织的目标是帮助对抗 4.observation考查名词。句意：她的观察得 癌症的年轻人。故选D项。 到了两位现居上海的意大利人的附和。her 2.B推理判断题。根据文章第三段提到Nk 去世的前一晚，他请求母亲帮助确保那些与 是形容词性物主代词，其后应接名词， observe的名词形式是observation,敌 痛症作斗争的年轻人也能实现他们的愿望 填observation。 再结合下文可知，Kelli Boehle创办了非营利 5.a考查冠词。句意：每个人都认为米兰和 组织，帮助与癌症作斗争的年轻人，由此可 上海有着特殊的联系。此处泛指“一种特殊 推知，她是无私的。敌选B项 的联系”，special是以辅音音素开头的单词， 3.C推理判断题。根据文章第五段中“‘I 故填a。 think it's something to get me through whatev- 6.that考查定语从句。句意：尤其是在社会 er comes my way,'she said.And I'm 和人们的行为和思考方式上。空处引导定 thankful for Nik's Wish for that.,”可推知 语从句，先行词是the way,在定语从句中作 Jordan Morrow受到了组织的激励。故选 方式状语，关系词用that或in which,空格处 C项。 只能填一词，故填hat。 4.C主旨大意题。文章讲述了Kelli Boehle 7.moved考查动词时态。句意：来自米兰附 创办了非营利组织Nk's Wish,帮助与痛症 近亚历山德里亚的Fezia于2000年搬到上 作斗争的年轻人实现愿望的故事。由此可 海。and连接两个并列的谓语动词，根据时 知，C项最适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 间状语in2000可知，句子表示的是过去发 生的动作，故填moved。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介 8.have been考查动词时态和主谓一致。句 绍了文化冲击的含义、遭受文化冲击的原因和 意：自1979年以来，上海和米兰一直是中意 应对文化冲击的方法 两国的第一对友好城市。根据时间状 5.C推理判断题。根据文章第一段“·Afsh 语Since1979可知句子表示的是过去发生 out of water.''A bike without a chain. 的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，主 There are many metaphors for culture shock, 语是Shanghai and Milan,助动词应用have, all of which attempt to describe the unique 故填have been。 experience of being far from one's home coun- 9.particularly考查副词。句意：这种友谊尤 try and culture.”以及第二段开始谈到一个 其通过双方的共同努力得到了加强。en- 世纪以来，科学家一直在研究文化冲击。心 hanced是动词，应用副词修饰，particular的 理学家将其描述为一个压力和调整的过程 副词形式是particularly,故填particularly。 而不是专注于纯粹的消极方面。由此可推 10.agreements考查名词复数。句意：比如通 知，第一段用两个习语引出“文化冲击”这 过上海和米兰的组委会之间的合作协议， 主题。故选C。 成功举办了2010年上海世博会和2015年 6.B细节理解题。根据第二段“The first 米兰世博会。agreement是可数名词，作宾 stage is the honeymoon phase,when we are 语，因此处为泛指，应用复数形式，故 filled with excitement about being in another 填agreements。 country.”可知，人们刚到国外时的感觉是兴 奋的。敌选B。 课时作业53 Careers 7.B推理判断题。根据第三段“Not surpris- and skills(一) ingly,extraverts(外向者)tend to have an I.阅读理解 easier time adjusting to new cultures.”以及 A "But introverts simply prefer to be alone after 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主 spending time in groups,and only have limit-要讲述了John从小对人体的运作和健康感兴 ed energy to spend in social settings.”可推知，趣，高中时在儿章医院志愿服务增强了他对医 内向、不善交际的人更容易受文化冲击的影：学的热情。虽然最初选择了护理专业，但转学 响。敌选B。 生物专业后，他决定成为儿科医生，为孩子们 8.D细节理解题。根据最后一段“A recent的生活带来积极影响。 红刈勾·讲与练·高三英语YL -562- 1.C细节理解题。根据第一段中“His interest in medicine ..The never-give-up spirit of young patients battling against various illnesses massively affected him.”可知，John在医院做 义工时受到年轻病人的激励。故选C项。 2.B细节理解题。根据第二段中“It was then that John decided to become a pediatrician be- cause of the simple fact that he would work with children every day,and would make a positive impact on their lives and their fami- lies.”可知，John选择成为一名儿科医生是 为了改善儿童的生活。敌选B项。 3.C推理判断题。根据第三段中“This brings so much joy to John's heart.”以及第四段中 "Being a pediatrician gives John the rewarding experience of helping and interacting with chil- dren daily and making those little ones'tough times easier.”可知，作为一名儿科医生，John 感到非常自豪和喜悦。敌选C项。 4.A主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了John从 小对人体的运作和健康感兴趣，高中时在儿 童医院志愿服务增强了他对医学的热情。 虽然最初选择了护理专业，但转学生物专业 后，他决定成为儿科医生，为孩子们的生活 带来积极影响。A项“John's journey of pur- suing a career in pediatrics..”具有高度概括 性，符合文章主旨。故选A项。 B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主 要讲述了走出舒适区能够给人带来好处。作 为习惯，人们变得依赖于舒造区带来的无论是 行为上还是精神上的安全感。然而，走出舒适 区，人们就会了解到自己有处理新情况和控制 风险的能力，从而获得更大的自信，降低焦虑 水平，从而能够接受新体验，促进新学习的 产生 5.B词句猜测题。根据后文的进一步解释“a familiar location where individuals feel calm and peaceful”可知，画线词“haven”应是指安 全的、熟悉的地方，即避风港、庇护所等，与 选项B“Shelter.(庇护所)”含义相同。故选 B项。 6.A细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知，在 考虑走出舒适区时，会评估参与该活动的愿 望，权衡利弊，评估是否值得冒险。由此可 知，选项A“We recall the old experience.”并 不在考虑范围之内。故选A项。 7.C推理判断题。文章最后一句“By picking up and practicing a new instrument,you have proven to yourself that you are capable of meeting an unfamiliar objective,thus decrea- sing anxiety."提出了学习一种新的乐器这 话题，由此推知，文章接下来会讲述作为想 要走出舒适区的新手如何学习乐器。故选 C项 8.C主旨大意题。文章第一段末尾揭示了文 章的核心要义，即文章主要讲述的是走出舒 适区可能会有的好处，尤其在后文用学习乐 器作为举例，详细论述了走出舒适区能够促 进自己提升能力，尤其是在学习方面。由此 可知，选项C“Stepping Outside Comfort Zone Promotes Learning”适合作本文最佳标题。 故选C项。 Ⅱ.完形填空 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲 述了一位名叫Si的护士，她凭借对患者无私 的关怀与服务赢得了“年度护士”奖。Si的故 事展现了她对护理工作的热爱与奉献，以及她 如何通过理解和同情心，为病人提供超越职责 的关怀，从而获得了认可与尊重。