课时作业18 Disaster and Hope-【红对勾讲与练·练习手册】2026年高考英语大一轮复习全新方案通用版（外研版）

课时作业18 Di (总分 I.阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共20分） A (2024·广东广州六校联考) Advances in artificial intelligence (AI)are indicating that accurate quake forecasting may be attainable,thereby casting doubt on the conventional wisdom that such an accomplishment is beyond our capabilities.Researchers at the University of Texas, Austin,created an AI model that,during a test run in China,correctly forecasted approximately 70 percent of earthquakes with a one-week warning and offered reliable assessments of their potential intensity The researchers attribute their technique's effectiveness to its reliance on a straightforward machine learning framework.The AI was provided with a set of statistical features based on the team's knowledge of earthquake physics,and then instructed to train itself using a five-year database of earthquake recordings.Once trained,the AI offered predictions by detecting early indicators of quakes hidden within the planet'slow-frequency rumbles(隆隆声). The project marks a substantial breakthrough in the exploration of AI for anticipating seismic events.According to Alexandros Savvaidis,a senior researcher heading the Texas Seismological Network,"Seismic occurrences strike without warning, often in the blink of an eye.Your readiness is all you can influence.Achieving a 70%prediction rate is a considerable achievement that could significantly restrict the impact of earthquakes,reducing both the financial burden and loss of life,and the potential to remarkably improve earthquake preparation worldwide." Although the effectiveness of this method in different regions remains uncertain,the researchers believe that their AI model has the potential to enhance prediction accuracy when carried out in regions equipped with dependable seismic monitoring facilities.Their next step is to test artificial intelligence in Texas,where the University of Texas's TexNet operates a network of 300 earthquake stations and over six years'worth of continuous records,making it an ideal location for these purposes. Ultimately,the authors aim to combine the system with physics-based models.This approach could be particularly valuable in areas characterized by limited or inadequate data."That may be a long way off,but (横线下方不可作答)「4 班级： 姓名： saster and hope 35分) many advances such as this one,taken together,are what moves science forward,"concludes Scott Tinker, the bureau's director. 1.How does the AI predict seismic events?( A.It identifies data from the satellites. B.It analyzes background sounds in the Earth. C.It models data based on earthquake recordings. D.It monitors changes in the Earth's magnetic field. 2.What does Alexandros Savvaidis intend to show in paragraph 3? A.The ways to reduce losses in earthquakes. B.The importance of preparing for earthquakes. C.The significance of developing the AI prediction. D.The restrictions of AI-based methods in earthquake prediction. 3.What does the subsequent research focus on? A.Conducting tests in different locations. B.Applying the AI approach to other fields. C.Building more earthquake stations in Texas. D.Enlarging the database to train the calculation accuracy. 4.Which words can best describe the earthquake- predicting technology? A.Stable but outdated. B.Effective but costly. C.Potential and economical. D.Pioneering and promising. B (2024·山东日照模拟) While it's impossible to predict just where the next wildfire will start,new Department of Defense- sponsored research from Brigham Young University's Fire Research Lab is getting into the microscopic details of how fires initiate to provide more insight into how wildfires burn through wildland fuels. For their experiments,fire expert Thomas H. Fletcher and co-authors loaded leaves of 14 plant species into the crucible（坩埚)of a thermo gravimetric analyzer(热重分析仪)and slowly turned the heat up to 800 degrees Celsius.As they watched the leaves burn,they categorized the speed at which the plant broke down and the chemicals produced by the heat.They also compared the impact of two heat sources:convective think of wind-driven fires)and radiative (from burning plant particles or flames). 3) 必修第三册 The research found that the chemistry of plants makes a big difference in how fast they break down before they start to burn.That's important to know because the type of plant found on a mountain hillside may help predict how a fire will burn and how quickly it might jump to another plant species. "Very detailed models that already exist take up to two weeks to run on very big computers and by that time,the fire has moved and it's not in the same place anymore,"Fletcher said."We're aiming towards giving answers on how a fire might propagate in the next 20 minutes or half hour instead of the next two weeks.” The studies are aimed at improving predictive models for both prescribed(有计划的)burns and for unplanned wildfires.With wildfires costing the Forest Service and state agencies billions of dollars to control annually,any research that can help make fire management more efficient is a high priority. "With all we've done to research them,fires are still out of control,"Fletcher said."Our model can't prevent a fire,but it can help with decisions on how to manage fires so that when a fire starts,it doesn't blow up into a huge,uncontrollable fire. 5.What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A.The research subjects. B.The research findings. C.The research procedures. D.The research objectives. 6.What does the research find about the chemistry of plants? A.It affects the speed of a fire B.It is one of the causes of a fire. C.It breaks down quickly in a fire. D.It helps plants survive in a fire. 7.What does the underlined word "propagate"in paragraph 4 mean? A.Explode. B.Spread. C.Die down D.Break out. 8.Why do the researchers develop the new model? A.To make the most out of wildfires. B.To control wildfires more efficiently C.To predict the outbreak of wildfires. D.To prevent wildfires from happening. Ⅱ.完形填空（每小题1分，共15分） (2024·河北邢台模拟) I grew up both a little frightened and excited by storms and tornadoes.Nearly 9 years ago,when the news reported that there would be 1 coming that night,I was well aware of the 2 of it. 红对勾·讲与练4 While I was preparing for the storm,I heard the rumble(隆隆声)，saw power flashes and knew it was coming.After 3 the power for safety,I jumped into a bath that was right inside the door and closed the door and laid down and 4 my head and prayed for 5 and for my family. My 6 was racing with a million thoughts, regrets,prayers,etc.,but I still heard the storm 7 my house,then the sheetrock(石膏板)overhead 8 and it sounded like my roof lifted and came back down.I heard the 9 of nails being pulled out of wall,glass breaking,and then the most 10 sound I had ever heard. I suddenly felt something 11 my head and everything went 12.When I opened my eyes again,I 13 blood on my wet head coming from a small 14.I went out to check my car.I got blinded by a light as I exited the carport ()It was my neighborhood,coming to check on me.I stood there and tears poured down my face. Fortunately,we were 15 that day. 1.( )A.storms B.thunder C.clouds D.lightning 2.( )A.phenomenon B.benefit C.effort D.threat 3.( )A.turning up B.keeping from C.turning off D.taking off 4.( )A.shook B.covered C.raised D.stretched 5.( )A.healing B.safety C.happiness D.forgiveness 6.( )A.face B.body C.mouth D.mind 7.( ）A.constructing B.entering C.destroying D.cleaning 8.( )A.fell down B.broke up C.put up D.turned down 9.( )A.sound B.song C.news D.alarm 10.( )A.harmful B.passive C.frightening D.helpless 11.( )A.touched B.hit C.affected D.grabbed 12.( )A.peaceful B.noisy C.depressing D.exciting 13.( )A.kept B.felt C.received D.collected 14.( )A.bar B.cut C.room D.spot 15.( ）A.satisfied B.unconcerned C.blessed D.unfortunate 34 高三英语WY ■课时作业16 Amazing art 课时作业17 What an 1.B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Once trained,the Al offered predictions by detecting I.阅读理解 adventure early indicators of quakes hidden within the I,阅读理解 planet'slow-frequency rumbles（隆隆声).” [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主 A 可知，人工智能分析地球的背景声音预测地 要介绍了意大利文艺复兴时期的开创者乔托， [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主 震事件。故选B。 介绍了其艺术特色和绘画技巧等。 要讲述了Sian Davies在61岁时决定划船穿越 1.B推理判断题。根据文章第一段的内容可大西洋的经历和她的感受。 2.C推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知， Alexandros Savvaidis想在第三段说明发展人 知，第一段提到苍蝇是为了说明这只苍蝇画1.B细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“We 工智能预测的意义。故远C。 得栩栩如生。 would row in three-hour shifts and only sleep :3A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的 2.D细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“… for an hour or so every six hours."和“For the "Their next step is to test artificial intelli- he drew a picture on a rock and that the artist first 15 days,I was seasick,so I hardly ate gence...making it an ideal location for these Cimabue,who happened to be passing by, anything.I was just rowing and collapsing.I purposes.”可知，接下来的研究重点是在不 saw him at work and was so impressed with went through some pretty dark times.”可知 同地点进行测试。故选A。 the boy's talent that he took him into his studio Davies在过程中遭受了很多苦难。 4.D 推理判断题。根据第一段中的 as an apprentice(学徒).”可知，Cimabue将2.D细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的 "Advances in artificial intelligence Al)are 乔托收为自己的学徒是因为他觉得乔托极 “‘As soon as I got on the water,I fell in love indicating that accurate quake forecasting may 具艺术天赋，有发展前途。 with it,she says.'Feeling your whole body be attainable,thereby casting doubt on the 3.A推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“In working and the fresh air on your skin is conventional wisdom that such an accomplish- the Middle Ages,an apprentice's job was to amazing.,”可知，Davies对她的第一次划船 ment is beyond our capabilities.”以及最后- copy his master as exactly as he could,which 尝试感到印象深刻。 段中的“That may be a long way off,but resulted in a distinct lack of new ideas.In 3.C细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的 many advances such as this one,taken togeth- fact,art in the Middle Ages seemed to have "One day I was reading about women adven er,are what moves science forward..”可推 been stuck in a rut.”可知，中世纪的艺术缺乏 turers when it hit me that once better,I would 知，地震预测技术具有开创性和前景。故 创新。 row across an ocean.”可知，一些女性冒险家 选D。 4.A推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“He 的故事激发了Davies划船穿越大洋的灵感 B painted people the way he saw them,instead 4.D推理判断题。根据第一段中的“山 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。Brigham of the overly tall and boxy people that other March 2021,she was one of the 12 crew Young大学火灾研究实验室的一项新研究正 artists painted.”以及“Instead,Giotto painted members who set out on the 3,000-mile jour- 在深入研究火灾如何引发的微观细节，以提供 the Christ Child as a baby,which emphasized ney from Tenerife to battle sun,salt and fierce 更多关于如何有效控制野火的信息。 the human relationship between the child and currents.”以及最后一段中的“I want to mo- 5.C主旨大意题。根据第二段的内容可知 his mother.”可知，乔托把圣婴描绘成一个要 torcycle through the Himalayas later in the 第二段主要介绍了Thomas H.Fletcher和合 儿是运用了写实的方式描绘人物。 year”可知，她是一个意志坚强和有雄心出 著者开展研究的具体步骤。 B 志的人。 6.A细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知 [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主 研究发现植物的化学成分影响其燃烧前的 要讲述了作者作为一位在Guggenheim博物馆 [语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。报道 分解速度，进而影响火灾发生的速度。 工作的保安，对艺术品标签的反思，并且作者 主要介绍了AstroAccess组织参与者进行失重 7.B词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的上文 鼓励观众摆脱预设观念，直接感受艺术品 体验，腰部瘫痪的Mazyck就是其中一名参与 "Very detailed models that already exist take 本身。 者。AstroAccess正在努力使所有人都能进入 up to two weeks to run on very big computers 5.A推理判断题。根据第一段中“But now, 太空。 and by that time,the fire has moved and it's more often than not...its definitive tone sending 5.B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Mazyck not in the same place anymore.”可知，已经 the message that there's only one right answer was one of 12 participants in a Zero G flight 存在的非常详细的模型的弊端在于其耗时 to the art.”可知，作者开始质疑并希望去除 organized by the group AstroAccess.This type 过久，导致无法对已经转移的火灾进行管 艺术品旁的标签说明，认为它们限制了人们 of flight recreates the weightlessness that astro- 理，再结合画线词的上文“We're aiming 对艺术的多角度理解，表明他在形成自己的 nauts experience without going all the way to towards giving answers"和下文“in the next20 判断 space.”可知，AstroAccess提供失重体验 minutes or half hour instead of the next two 6.B推理判断题。根据第二段中“I realized 6.D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的 weeks”可推知，Fletcher的研究目的是在很 "During the flight,she says,the participants that art historians could be unreliable narrators 短的时间内给出火灾如何扩散、蔓延的答 did experiments and made observations. 可 (叙述者).”及“The work looks different ev- 案，确保模型的时效性，画线词意思应该是 知，参与者的飞行要求是试验和观察。 ery time it's shown-not that you'd know it “传播，扩散”，与spread意思相近。 7.C推理判断题。根据第三段的内容以及倒 from the wall text.”可知，通过介绍Tearing 8.B细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Our Lead雕塑的例子，指出助理告诉作者雕塑本 数第三段中的“‘Space removes the barriers model can't prevent a fire,but it can help with 应随意排列金属片，而墙上的文字说明并未 between people;now is the time to remove the decisions on how to manage fires so that when 反映这一信息，说明墙上的解说并不总是准 barriers to space itself,says Mazyck.'It is a fire starts,it doesn't blow up into a huge, 确的，甚至可能是误导的」 sending a message to people...not only is there uncontrollable fire.”可知，研究者开发该新模 7.C推理判断题。根据第三段中的“.I tried room for you in space,there is a need for 型是为了更有效地控制野火。 you.’”可推知，Mazyck勇敢且乐观。 Ⅱ.完形填空 to stand in front of the wall label so people 8C主旨大意题。根据全文，尤其是最后一 1.A2.D3.C4.B5.B6.D7.C couldn't see it,and I heard their interpretations go wild.”可知，作者站在墙上的标签前，是 段的内容可知，本文主要讲的是AstroAccess 8.A9.A10.C11.B12.A13.B 组织参与者进行失重体验，腰部撞痪的 14.B15.C 为了让访客在没有预设解释的情况下自由 地欣赏和解读雕塑，促使他们自己进行 Mazyck就是其中一名参与者。AstroAccess 课时作业19 Laugh out loud! 正在努力使所有人都能进入太空。C项“让 欣赏。 太空成为每个人的地方”最适合作为文章标题。 【.阅读理解 8.D主旨大意题。根据全文内容及最后一段 Ⅱ.语法填空 4 中的“If I learned one thing as a guard.,focus 1.despite 2.determination 3.was built [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主 instead on what is there.”可知，文章主要讲 4.a 5.To ease 6.whose 7.hung 要介绍了脑力菠惫是什么，脑力疲惫产生时大 述了作者作为博物馆警卫的体验，如何从这 8.removing 9.benefits 10.dramatically 脑皮层里会发生哪些变化，以及应该采取哪些 个角色中学到了不依赖墙上的解说，而且鼓 措施来应对脑力疲惫」 励人们自主观察和理解艺术，因此D项“当 课时作业l8 Disaster 1.A词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Influen 博物馆警卫教会我的观看艺术之道”最能概 and hope tial theories suggested that fatigue(疲惫)isa 括全文主旨，适合作为文章标题。 I.阅读理解 sort of illusion cooked up by the brain to make Ⅱ.完形填空 A us stop whatever we are doing and turn to a 1.A2.C3.B4.A5.D6.B7.A [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主 more gratifying activity.”可知，当身体感到 8.B9.A10.D11.C12.B13.A 要说明了人工智能可能实现给出准确的地震 疲惫时，大脑会让我们停下手里的工作，转 14.A15.D 预测，并介绍了其工作原理以及意义。 向“轻松的”活动。 2对勾·讲与练·高三英语WY -580-