内容正文:
2题勾·讲与练·高三英语RJ
3.(2023·新课标I卷)He developed a
greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage
K)from 1.600 homes in South Burlington.
4.(2023·新课标I卷)In a follow-up study with
100 university students,the researchers tried to
get a better sense of what the group members
actually did in their discussion.
5.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)A new study shows that
wildness in urban areas is extremely important for
human well-being.
Ⅲ.写出下列句子中加黑词的词性及含义
1.honour n.荣誉;荣幸vt.尊敬,尊重;给予表
扬;纪念
(1)They honoured me with a seat at the head of
the table.
(2)(人教版选必三U4)Shackleton was one of
the most famous explorers of his day and it was
第三讲八
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众所周知,句子有若干个组成部分,它们分别
承担着不同的作用,组成句子的各个部分叫作句
子成分。英语中的句子成分分为主语(subject)、
谓语(predicate)、宾语(object)、表语
(predicative)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)、
补语(complement)和同位语(appositive)八种。
考点一八大句子成分
1.主语
在句子中,主语是执行句子的行为或动作
的主体。主语一般位于句子开头,且不能省略。
但在某些特定的句式里,如疑问句、倒装句、祈
使句、感叹句等,句子主语也可以位于谓语动词
之后或省略。能够充当主语的主要有名词(短
语)、代词、数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式
(短语)和从句等。
These stories can relieve my stress and broaden
my horizons..(名词短语作主语)
这些故事可以缓解我的压力,开阔我的视野。
(2024·新课标I卷应用文写作)Being exposed
to nature not only sparked my creativity but also
made me admire scenery.(动名词短语作主语)
接触大自然不仅激发了我的创造力,也让我欣
considered a great honour to be part of his
expeditions.
(3)(人教版选必二U1)On31 October2009,
the whole country was saddened by Qian's death,
and people honoured and remembered him in
different ways.
2.flat n.公寓,套房a山.平躺的;平坦的;撒了
气的
(1)Once inside,I found that the flat would be
perfect for my life in Paris.
(2)(人教版必修一U2)PERU is a country on
the Pacific coast of South America with three
main areas:narrow,dry,flat land running along
the coast,the Andes Mountains,and the Amazon
rainforest.
(3)We had a flat tyre(轮胎)and I was trying
to change the wheel.
大句子成分
赏了风景。
(2024·新课标I卷)What worked on a
veterinarian seemed likely to work on his
patients.(what引导的主语从句作主语)
对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的病人也有效。
(2023·全国乙卷书面表达)It is important for
us to master some basic living skills to prepare
us for our future life.(代词it作形式主语,不定
式短语to master..作真正的主语)
对我们来说,掌握一些基本的生活技能为我们
未来的生活做准备是很重要的。
2.谓语
谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或具
有的特征,常位于主语之后。谓语可由动词或
动词短语、系表结构以及“助动词/情态动词+实
义动词”充当,有时态、语态和语气的变化,同时
又受到主语人称和数的制约。谓语的构成
如下:
(1)简单谓语:由一个实义动词或动词短语
构成。
(2024·全国甲卷书面表达)From the vehicle of
horses to today's convenient transport,Chinese
transport has an enormous development..(实义动
词作谓语)
从马车到今天便利的交通工具,中国的交通有
了巨大的发展
(2024·新课标I卷读后续写)He looked at me
with confusion.(动词短语作谓语)
他困惑地看着我。
(2)复合谓语:①由情态动词或其他助动词加动
词原形构成;②由系动词加表语构成。
(2024·浙江1月卷应用文写作)Sitting at desks
for hours can drain your vitality.(“情态动词+
实义动词”作谓语)
长时间坐在课桌前会耗尽你的活力。
(2024·新课标I卷应用文写作)With trees
reflected in the clear water,it was really
fascinating.(系表结构作谓语)
清澈的水中倒映着树木,真是迷人。
3.宾语
宾语表示谓语动作的对象,一般位于及物
动词或介词的后面,受到主语的限制和制约。
宾语一般由名词(短语)、宾格代词、数词、动名
词(短语)、动词不定式或宾语从句等充当。
(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)
Mr Smith gave him a lot of valuable advice on
how to improve his writing..(him为间接宾语;a
lot of valuable advice为直接宾语)
史密斯先生就如何提高他的写作给了他许多宝
贵的建议。
(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)》
Doctors often advise us to pay more attention to
our diets and mental health and to take regular
examinations.(us为宾语;to pay more
attention..examinations为宾语补足语)
医生经常建议我们多注意我们的饮食和心理健
康,并定期检查。
[名师指津]不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、
名词性从句作宾语,常用t作形式宾语,把真正
的宾语放在句后。
Most of us think it(形式宾语)no use fighting
against each other(真正的宾语).
我们大多数人认为相互争斗无济于事。
4.表语
表语一般位于系动词之后,用以说明主语
的身份、性质、特征和状态等,一般由名词、名词
性物主代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式(短
专题一语法奠基篇
语)、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句等
充当。
It seemed as if something unpleasant happened.
(从句作表语)
好像发生了什么不愉快的事。
Furthermore,guzheng is of great significance to
Chinese folk music,leading you to a fantastic
world of music..(介词短语作表语)
此外,古筝对中国民间音乐来说具有重要意义,
将你带入一个奇妙的音乐世界。
[名师指津]常见系动词主要有:
①“状态”类:be(am,is,are,was,were)
②“持续”类:keep,stay,remain,lie等
③“表象”类:seem,appear等
④“感官”类:look,sound,smell,.taste,feel
⑤“变化”类:grow,turm,get,go,become,
come.fall
⑥“证明”类:prove
5.定语
修饰或限定名词或代词的词、短语或从句
被称为定语。定语服务于它所修饰或限定的名
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词或代词,可由形容词、数词、形容词性物主代
词、介词短语、非谓语动词或定语从句等充当。
定语有前置和后置两种情况,如短语、从句等作
定语时,常置于被修饰词之后。
(2024·新课标I卷应用文写作)We were
tasked to draw or paint something that impressed
us most.(从句作定语)
我们的任务是画一些给我们印象最深的东西。
(2023·浙江1月卷应用文写作)Last Sunday
witnessed my participating in a meaningful
activity named "Getting to Know the Plants
Around Us"organized by the Students'Union.
(非谓语动词作后置定语)
上周日,我参加了一个由学生会组织的有意义
的活动,名为“了解我们周围的植物”。
6.状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明
动作或状态特征的句子成分叫作状语。一般表
示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、条件、让
步、方式、程度等意义。状语可由副词、介词短
语、动词不定式、分词、状语从句等充当。
状语在句子中的位置很灵活,新以说它“行
踪飘忽不定”。常见情况:通常在句子基本结构
2勾·讲与练·高三英语RJ
后,强调时放在句首:修饰形容词或副词时,通
常位于被修饰词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的
状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点
状语一般放在时间状语之前;一些表示频度的
副词(如often,almost等)作状语通常位于be
动词、助动词、情态动词之后,实义动词之前。
It will undoubtedly help you get refreshed!
词作状语)》
它无疑会帮助你恢复精神!
(2023·全国乙卷书面表达)Under the
guidance of my mother,I turned on the gas
cooker.(介词短语作状语)
在妈妈的指导下,我打开了煤气灶。
(2024·全国甲卷书面表达)Currently,
advanced new energy vehicles have entered our
lives,helping reduce air pollution.(现在分词
短语作状语)
目前,先进的新能源汽车已经进入我们的生活,
有助于减少空气污染。
If you want a deep experience in the city,
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shared bikes will be the best choice.(从句作状语)
如果你想深入体验城市,共享单车将是最好的
选择。
7.补语
补语也叫补足语,主要起补充说明的作用,
最常见的是宾语补足语和主语补足语。
结构
注释
例句
They made her their monitor
常用于该结构的他们选她当班长。
宾语+
动词有:name,
We sincerely wish you a
名词
call,make,find,quick
recovery and an
(短语)think,leave,
early return to China.
wish等
我们衷心祝愿你早日康复
早日回国。
She
always
keeps
classroom clean.
常用于该结构的
她总是保持我们的教室干净
宾语+
动词有:keep,
We'll try our best to make
形容词think,believe,
our country more and more
(短语)leave,drive,.make,
beautiful.
get,want等
我们将尽我们最大的努力
使我们的国家越来越美丽。
续表
结构
注释
例句
My uncle drove us home
常用于该结构的
我叔叔开车送我们回家。
副词有:down,
宾语+
When getting there,she
up,here,there.
副词
found him out
home,in,out,
到那里时,她发现他出
anywhere等
去了。
We found
everything in
介词短语作宾补
常表示其逻辑主
good order
宾语+
介词
语(即宾语)所处
我们发现一切都井然有序。
I regard him as my best
短语
的状态,两者是主
friend.
表关系
我把他当作我最好的朋友。
(2024·新课标I卷应用文
写作)In a word,this special
art class got me to love
nature as well as art.
三种情况:带to
的不定式:不带
总之,这节特殊的美术课让我
宾语+
爱上了自然,也爱上了艺术。
to的不定式:带
不定式
We
watched the children
to或不带to皆
play games.
可的不定式
我们看孩子们做游戏。
I'll help you (to)push the
cart.
我来帮你推车。
现在分词作宾补
I saw her playing on the
宾语+
此时的宾语即为
playground
现在
我看见她正在操场上玩。
现在分词逻辑上
I heard Tom singing in the
分词
的主语,与宾补是
classroom
主动关系
我听见汤姆正在教室里唱歌。
I had my watch stolen
yesterday.
宾语和宾补之间
宾语+
我的手表昨天被偷了。
是被动关系,过
过去
去分词表示被动
She spoke loudly to make
分词
herself heard.
和完成
她大声说话,好让别人
听到。
He found it impossible to
形式
不定式(短语)、
rise.
宾语
动名词(短语)
他发现站起来不可能了。
+形
名词性从句作宾
容词/
语时,常用it作
I think it no use arguing with
her.
名词
形式宾语
我认为和她争论没有用。
[名师指津]句型“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补
足语”改为被动语态时,宾语补足语就变为了主
语补足语。
The little boy saw a girl go into the building.
略t0的不定式作宾语补足语)
-A girl was seen to go into the building (by the
little boy).(不定式作主语A girl的补足语,此
时要加上to)
那个小男孩看见一个女孩进入了那幢大楼。
8.同位语
对句子中的名词(短语)或代词作进一步解
释、说明,且与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地
位的句子成分叫作同位语。可以用作同位语的
有:名词(短语)、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式
动名词和从句等。
(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)Zhang Qian,a
well-known figure in Chinese history,was one
of the pioneers of the Silk Road.(名词短语作同
位语)
张骞是中国历史上著名的人物,是丝绸之路的
开拓者之一。
There is no doubt that I will improve its
reputation through my efforts..(从句作同位语)
毫无疑问,通过我的努力,我将提高它的声誉。
考点二五种划分句子成分的方法
分析句子结构首先要找出主语和谓语,然后
再分析其他的词和短语,确定它们的成分。
1.如果说明名词或代词,有三种情况:
(1)修饰关系,是定语。
Directed sound is a new technology that allows
companies to use sound in much the same way
spotlights(聚光灯)are used in the theater.
(directed,new和the same均修饰后面的名词
故是定语)
定向声音是一种新技术,它使公司能够像剧院
使用聚光灯一样使用声音。
(2)解释说明的关系,在语法上又处于同等地
位,是同位语。
Take a view,the Landscape Photographer of the
Year Award,was the idea of Charlie Waite,one
of today's most respected landscape
photographers.one of today's most respected
landscape photographers为Charlie Waite的同
位语)
年度风景摄影师大赛一Take a view,是当今
最受尊敬的风景摄影师之一查理·韦特的
专题一语法奠基篇
创意。
(3)逻辑上的主谓(或主系表)关系,意义上的
补充,是补足语。
Generation Xers with young families,like my
wife and I,can still find it convenient to have a
home phone rather than providing a mobile phone
for every family member.(it和convenient在逻
辑上构成主系表关系,convenient作宾语补足
语)
像我和我妻子这样有年轻家庭成员的X世代的
人,仍然能够发现拥有一部座机比为每个家庭
成员提供一部手机方便。
2.如果说明动词,有两种情况:
(1)修饰关系,是状语。
Native Americans had taken care of these precious
natural resources wisely..(wisely用来修饰动词
短语take care of,作状语)
美洲原住民明智地呵护这些宝贵的自然资源。
(2)动作的对象或承受者,是宾语。
I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small
strawberries and a little sweet melon.(a
handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries a
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little sweet melon作动词bought的宾语)
我买了一把熟透的小草莓和一个小甜瓜。
3.如果说明形容词,有两种情况:
(1)修饰关系,是状语。
Before one of these workouts,the men skipped
breakfast,meaning that they exercised on a
completely empty stomach after a long overnight
fast(禁食).(completely用来修饰形容词
empy,作状语)
在其中一次锻炼之前,这些人不吃早餐,这意
味着他们在一整夜禁食后完全空腹锻炼。
(2)词义的补充,一般是宾语。
His new novel is worth reading..(reading用来补
充说明形容词worth,作宾语)
他的新小说值得一读。
4.在系动词后,说明主语的特征、状态和身份等,
是表语。
Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega
Ensemble but has been the group's official page
turner for the past four years.chairman of the
Omega Ensemble the group's official page
turner分别作系动词is和has been的表语)
蒂特顿先生是欧米茄乐团的董事长,但在过去
四年里,他一直是该乐团的官方翻页员。
2勾·讲与练·高三英语RJ
5.如果和句子没有语法联系,是独立成分,则为
插入语。
Then when they come to other doors in life,be
they real or metaphorical,they won't hesitate to
open them and walk through.be they real or
metaphorical为插入语)
当他们遇到生活中的其他门时,无论是真实的
还是比喻意义的,他们都会毫无顾虑地打开那
些门,走过去。
素养提能]
I.单句语法填空(从句子成分角度分析)
1.Another nice thing is that you learn both new
words and
(they)use unconsciously...
2.Instead,he hopes that his business will grow
(steady).
3.My uncle tells me that the key to his success is
honest).
4.We can choose between staying at home and
(take)a trip.
5.The position of the classroom with its view made
310
第四讲
八
1.S+V(主+谓)
句子的谓语动词能表达完整的意思,后面
不需要跟宾语,这类动词叫作不及物动词,后面
可以跟副词、介词短语、状语(从句)等。常见的
appear,apologize,arrive,come,die,
disappear,exist,fall,happen,rise等。
His heart broke when his wife died.
他妻子去世时他的心都碎了。
His voice rose almost to a scream.
他提高了嗓门,几乎在尖叫。
2.S+P(主系表结构)
句子的谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意
思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语
构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动
词叫作系动词。表示状态的系动词有be,look,
seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,keep,remain
等。表示转变或结果的系动词有become,get,
grow,turm,go,come,prove等。
With winter coming slowly,it is getting colder
and colder day by day.
随着冬天慢慢到来,天气也一天比一天冷了
起来。
me
(feel)like I was dreaming.
Ⅱ.写出下列加黑词的句子成分
1.In ancient times,builders and architects in Beijing
relied on five colors to add life to their creations.
2.Then red,yellow and blue gradually became the
main colors in the Forbidden City.
3.Sun Hong,Wang Jing and Ke Yongquan,all
educated at the university,spent three years co-
directing the film.
4.Celebrating Chinese New Year overseas is a
completely different experience.
5.We worked very hard in the weeks to lead up to
the event.
6.Old folks and their grandchildren stuck out their
heads from windows.
7.We invited some foreign friends to see the film.
8.One day I got word that he was admitted to the
hospital for a serious disease.
大基本句型
Physical exercise before breakfast is better for
health.
早餐前进行体育锻炼对健康更有益。
The pizza tastes delicious without any cheese
at all.
不加奶酪的比萨很好吃。
3.S+V+0(主+谓+宾)
谓语动词具有实义,是主语产生的动作,
但不能表达完整的意思,必须后接一个宾语,
即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词
叫作及物动词。
As a result,they burned more fat during walks on
an empty stomach than when they had eaten first.
结果,他们空腹散步时燃烧的脂肪比先吃东西
时燃烧的脂肪多。
She reads newspapers and books every day.
她每天读书看报。
They will receive their awards at a ceremony
in Stockholm.
他们会在斯德哥尔摩举行的仪式上接受颁奖。
4.S+V+0+0(主+谓+宾+宾)
有些谓语动词必须后接两个宾语才能表达time and mistakes are a positive way to devel-
op and grow.”可知,大多数人从错误中学
习,错误是我们得以发展和成长的良好途
径。G项中的“it isn't a fixed aspect of your
personality”与空后的“We're all changing and
learning all the time”对应。故G项承上启
下,符合语境
(三)析文本一发掘真题价值
Ⅱ.句子解读
1.定语时间状语
2.宾语定语
3.时间状语定语
(四)拓思维
一重视以读促写
[参考范文]
Hello everyone.It's a great honor for me to
deliver a speech about forgiveness here.Learning
to forgive plays an important role in our daily
lives.First,tolerance is a virtue which helps us
lighten our mood.Besides,to forgive means to
stop blaming others or ourselves,which can ben
efit us a lot,because we might lose our well-be
ing if we always focus on some mistakes.
The key to learning to forgive is to care
more about positive aspects.Only in this way
can we establish a harmonious relationship with
others and learn to reconcile with ourselves.If we
develop a forgiving virtue,we'll also receive for-
giveness from the world.Why not try it now?
That'sall.Thank you!
[语法专题
专题一
语法奠基篇
第一讲
十大词类
…素养提能
写出下列句子中画线词的词性和汉语
意思
1.y.把…装箱
2.v.把…装进袋子
3.注明日期
4.y.给…提供住处
5.n.(在比赛、竞赛等中的)胜利
第二讲三种构词方法
素养提能
I,单句语法填空
1.removal
collection
2.suffering additional
3.variety concentration entertainment
tendency
4.imperfect 5.unpleasant boredom
Ⅱ.写出下列句子中加黑词的含义
1.自我修复2.启动3.类似温室的
4.后续的5.幸福
Ⅲ.写出下列句子中加黑词的词性及含义
1.(1)t.尊敬,尊重(2)n.荣幸
(3)vt.纪念
2.(1)n.公寓.套房(2)ad.平坦的
(3)ad.撒了气的
第三讲八大句子成分
素养提能
--
I.单句语法填空(从句子成分角度分析)
1.their
解析:空后的use为名词,应该用形容
词性物主代词来修饰,作定语
2.steadily
解析:grow在此句中为实义动词,故应
用副词形式修饰。
3.honesty
解析:that从句中的主语是“the key”
空处在系动词后对主语进行解释说
明,所以此处应用名词作表语。
4.taking
解析:between.…and.是固定结构,and
前后连接的是并列成分,因此and后应
用动名词作宾语,和staying并列。
5.feel
解析:make后常用不带to的不定式作
宾语补足语。
Ⅱ.写出下列加黑词的句子成分
1.定语2.表语3.定语4.主语
5.状语6.宾语7.补语8.同位语
第四讲八大基本句型
…素养提能
写出下列句子的类型
1.主语+系动词+表语
2.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
3.主语+谓语+宾语
4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
5.主语+谓语+间宾+直宾
6.there be句型
7.主语+谓语+状语
8.主语+谓语+宾语+状语
第五讲科学分析长难句
素养提能
分析长难句并翻译
l.后置定语非限制性定语social media
根据这一理论,人们接触数字文本时
的心态与社交媒体相适应,社交媒体
通常不那么严肃,并且与阅读印刷品
时相比,他们付出的精力更少
2.定语something目的状语
Trost说:“我们想要向湾区的艺术家们
发起呼吁,让他们提交故事参与比赛。”
3.定语endings宾语
他建议我思考我想要的角色结局和适
合角色的结局之间的区别:适合角色
的结局即满足故事需要的结局,即使
这些结局不是传统意义上的美满结局
4.表语宾语非限制性定语
这就是为什么大多数宠物猫能够立即
判断它们的主人是否曾接触过其他
猫,而它们通常不喜欢主人这样做。
5.状语定语时间状语
在第一部分中,我论述了数字极简主
义的哲学基础,首先探讨了到底是什
么样的力量使得许多人的数字生活越
来越难以忍受,然后对数字极简主义
哲学进行了详细讨论。
6.宾语定语raps
你将了解到这些参与者的故事,知悉
哪些策略对他们有效,以及他们遇到
了哪些你应当避免的陷阱。
7.表语时间状语定语
-535-
smaller groups the averages
这项研究的重要发现是,当大的群体
被进一步分成更小的群体并被允许讨
论时,这些群体(估算)的平均值比同
样数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。
8.原因状语伴随状语
最近,由于书籍变得廉价甚至被随意
丢弃,艺术家们已经将书籍用作艺术
品的原材料,将书籍的封面、内页甚至
整本书变成绘画和雕塑作品。
专题二词法篇
第六讲谓语动词(一)
动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
…
高考体验…
单句语法填空
1.were 2.walks 3.have started
4.was built 5.was amazed 6.wished
7.was fixing 8.threw 9.addressed
10.have promised
……语法精讲
即学即练1
1.are 2.attracted 3.opened
即学即练2
1.is singing an English song in the classroom
2.was watching TV at home
3.will be waiting
即学即练3
1.and you will succeed
2.We shall attend the party unless it rains
3.is to be open to traffic in May
4.I'm going to buy a new coat
5.would come to visit me
即学即练4
1.have relied
2.has proved/has proven
3.has been working hard
4.the tickets had been sold out
即学即练5
1.burns 2.is playing 3.have used
4.rose
即学即练6
1.was listed 2.is forbidden
3.had been played 4.has been practiced
即学即练7
1.are 2.is 3.are
4.was given 5.remains
…素养提能
1.单句语法填空
1.wrote reflects 2.has marked 3.dipped
4.were thinking 5.have been taking
6.had learned/had learnt 7.will learn
8.washes 9.will be made
10.is celebrated 11.is being restored
12.had been regarded
Ⅱ.语篇专练(动词的时态、语态和主谓一致)
1.reminds 2.was 3.pointed 4.are
5.will accept 6.are 7.was inspired
8.have learned/learnt 9.love 10.told
Ⅲ.写作迁移(正确运用动词的时态和语态完
成句子)
1.I'm writing to share I had in a park last
Friday
2.would pay him
参考答案‘☑。