专练01 概要写作之记叙文、议论文速成技巧（专题专练）（上海专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

专练01 概要写作之记叙文、议论文速成技巧 目录 第一部分 风向速递 洞察考向，感知前沿 第二部分 分层突破 固本培优，精准提分 A组·保分基础练 考向01 记叙文概要写作 考向02 议论文概要写作 B组·抢分能力练 第三部分 真题验证 对标高考，感悟考法 （2026年嘉定区一模） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. The Drawbacks—and Benefits—of Isolation Loneliness is increasingly seen as a serious problem in modern society, affecting both the elderly and many young people. Smartphones, social media, and remote work are often blamed for making individuals feel isolated. Three recent books explore the complex nature of being alone. “All the Lonely People” shares personal stories from individuals experiencing deep isolation. The author, Sam Carr, a psychologist, sensitively shows the emotional pain caused by loss of family members, disease, or difficult childhood experiences. After reading this book, one may wonder whether loneliness is just an unavoidable human experience. Actually, Carr suggests loneliness isn’t one simple feeling, but a mix of different unhappy emotions and unsatisfied needs. Another book, “Solitude”, written by two psychologists, shows a completely different story, exploring the rewards of time spent alone. It is common to treat loneliness and being alone as similar concepts, but they are not. Based on laboratory work, interviews and surveys, the authors argue that isolation offers valuable benefits, which allows people space to rest, think, and escape constant noise and distractions. However, the experience depends entirely on whether being alone is voluntary. Being forced to stay isolated, like prisoners, is usually miserable. “The Success of the Slippers” presents a more critical view of modern isolation. Mr Bruckner, a philosopher, calls the present period “a Great Withdrawal.” The book describes a society where most tasks can be completed without leaving house. The author’s comment? “While it’s nice to be comfortable, you can’t build a civilization on softness.” Mr Bruckner’s main theme is the need for people to relearn the art of affection. The author believes “interactive isolation” enabled by technology cannot replace “the great theatre of the world.” Mr Bruckner supplies a checklist for getting rid of enduring, painful feelings of loneliness: “Have we loved others enough, given others enough, held others enough?” In a world where people are increasingly isolated, maybe it is time to try to answer these questions. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 Three recent books explore modern isolation from different angles: one shows its emotional pain from loss or hardship, another emphasizes voluntary solitude’s benefits like rest, and the third criticizes it, calling for relearning affection. 导语 本文是一篇议论文，围绕现代社会的孤独与独处现象，介绍了三本近期书籍的不同观点：一本聚焦孤独的痛苦与复杂性，一本强调自愿独处的益处，另一本批判现代孤立状态并呼吁人们重拾情感联结。 详细解析 1. 要点摘录 · Loneliness is a serious modern problem; three books explore the nature of being alone. · "All the Lonely People": Shows isolation’s emotional pain, argues loneliness is a mix of negative emotions/unsatisfied needs. · "Solitude": Distinguishes loneliness from being alone, highlights benefits of voluntary solitude (rest, thinking, escaping distractions). · "The Success of the Slippers": Criticizes modern "Great Withdrawal", urges relearning affection. 2. 写作思路 1. 先总起：三本新书从不同角度探讨现代孤立现象。 1. 再分述每本书的核心观点：分别对应 “痛苦与复杂”“自愿独处的益处”“批判与呼吁”。 1. 避免冗余细节，聚焦每本书的核心立场。 3. 亮点词汇 1. Isolation：孤立（核心概念，统摄全文主题） 1. Emotional pain：情感痛苦（精准概括第一本书的核心内容） 1. Voluntary solitude：自愿独处（准确区分关键概念，体现原文逻辑） 1. Relearn affection：重拾情感联结（提炼最后一本书的核心呼吁，简洁有力） 4. 高分句式 1. 冒号引导并列结构：one shows..., another highlights..., and the third criticizes...（清晰呈现三本书的观点对比，结构对称，逻辑连贯） 1. 现在分词作伴随状语：urging people to relearn affection（简洁补充书籍的核心呼吁，避免句子冗长） 考向01 记叙文概要写作 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.  Discovering a lost brother ① Kieron Graham always knew he had an older brother named Vincent. Though Kieron spent years thinking about him, he could never track him down. ② That changed in December 2017, when Kieron’s adoptive parents gave him an AncestryDNA test as a Christmas gift. Kieron, now 21, sent his saliva (唾液) sample in for analysis. When his results came back, he was stunned to find he had a lot of DNA matches for relatives who had also taken the test. Most were distant connections, but one match was so strong that it was labeled “close family.” His name was Vincent Ghant. Kieron looked for him on Facebook and soon made a possible connection. “This is going to sound so wild … but I think you’re my brother,” Kieron wrote on Facebook’s Messenger app. “I was given up for adoption in 1997 and it says on my paperwork that my mother has a son with your name and your birth date. Her name is Shawn.” ③ “OMG do you know your real name?” wrote Vincent, now 30. ④ “I think it was Tyler.” ⑤ “OMG YES!!! You are my brother.” ⑥ “Wow,” wrote Kieron. ⑦ “This is crazy,” said Vincent. ⑧ The craziness was just beginning. As they talked, the brothers realized they lived about 20 minutes from each other. More surprising, they attended the same university and majored and minored in the same subjects: political science and legal studies. ⑨ Vincent was nine when Kieron was born and remembers caring for his baby brother. But times were tough, and Shawn, who worked 15-plus hours a day as a nurse, decided that placing Kieron for adoption would give him the best chance to succeed. ⑩ “She was very emotional about that time, to the point where it was hard for her to put into words anything about what happened,” Vincent says. ⑾ Now the brothers had the chance to make up for lost time. They decided to meet at a local tea shop that week. ⑿ One of Vincent’s concerns was that Kieron might resent his birth family for placing him for adoption. He was relieved Kieron didn’t, and that he’d grown up in a loving family. ⒀ Since that first meeting, the brothers have bonded even more. They play football together and celebrated Christmas with their families. “We’ll keep growing our relationship until it’s time to leave this planet,” says Vincent. That shouldn’t be hard. As Kieron says, “We’ve got years and years to catch up on.” 【解析指导】 1. Main idea 本文讲述了一对分开多年的兄弟重聚的故事。文章前半部分主要讲Kieron如何通过基因检测和Facebook找到了他的哥哥 Vincent，后半部分讲述了他们重聚之后的往来，以及迅速建立感情。 2. Text structure 全文可以划分为三个部分： ①-⑧第一部分：Kieron通过基因检测和Facebook找到了他的哥哥。 ⑨-⑩第二部分：Kieron的妈妈为什么放弃他，让别人领养他。 ⑾-⒀第三部分：Kieron和哥哥重聚后，迅速建立感情。 3. Mind map 4. Writing procedure Step 1：细读全文，明确主题。本文主要是讲述了一对分开多年的兄弟重聚的故事。 Step 2：划分要点。记叙文注意是找who / what / when / where / why / how who：Kieron what: found his brother Vincent when/why: 文中划线处 where: 无需强调 how: through an AncestryDNA test and Facebook Step 3：标主题句或关键词。已在文中用横线标出每段主题句。 Step 4：概括。 5. Summary writing ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 考向02 议论文概要写作 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. These days our society develops rapidly and forces people to rush. It appears that people have got used to being in a hurry. However, it’s better for people to take their time and live their life at a slower pace than to hurry to get things done. The main reason that convinces us to oppose doing work in a hurry is the possibility of doing wrongs in a rush. When people do their jobs or take action in a hurry, they can’t make a sound decision and probably regret later. As the saying goes, “ Haste makes waste.” We should think carefully before making a decision and do our work less quickly. We should not make mistakes by doing work hurriedly. Slowing down the pace of life helps people enjoy their life better. For example, taking a train to some place certainly will take more time than taking a plane. However, taking a train makes people have enough time to get to know a lot of new friends. Besides, it allows people to fully enjoy the beautiful scenery along the way. On the contrary, being in a hurry will make us lose chances of enjoying our lives. Finally, slower life pace provides better health conditions for us. As is known to all, taking action in a hurry bothers people and raises their stress. People think if they are not in a hurry, they will become a loser and that annoys them. But being in a hurry can hurt people both physically and mentally. According to some studies, people who have a slower pace suffer fewer diseases, tend to be happier and live much longer than those whose life is tense, even if the former finish jobs more slowly than the latter. In short, working quickly will bring about more material benefits to make our society more advanced. Yet, much stress can’t bring enjoyment, friends and health, which are much more important than money and other material advantages. Therefore, take your time and live your life at a slower pace. 【写作指导】 1. 知体裁。这是一篇典型的议论文体裁，框架为“总分（总）” 即“论点(introduction of the topic)论据(body by reasoning)结论(conclusion by restating ,summarizing or suggesting)”， 通过“转折词”找文章“论点”。 议论文的主题句通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句 或尾句。 These days our society develops rapidly and forces people to rush. It appears that people have got used to being in a hurry. However, it’s better for people to take their time and live their life at a slower pace than to hurry to get things done. 2. 明论证。根据文章的discourse marker“话语标记词” 如”however,therefore”在文中划出各段“主题句”。 1)However, it’s better for people to take their time and live their life at a slower pace than to hurry to get things done. 2)The main reason（ that convinces us to oppose doing work in a hurry ）is the possibility of doing wrongs in a rush. 3)Slowing down the pace of life helps people enjoy their life better. --On the contrary, being in a hurry will make us lose chances of enjoying our lives. 4)Finally, slower life pace provides better health conditions for us. 5)Therefore, take your time and live your life at a slower pace. 3. 找论据。完全用“自己简洁的语言”准确转述每一个要点（避免重复），可以用“词性变化或同义词/反义词替换”来转述。 1.）However, it’s better for people to take their time and live their life at a slower pace than to hurry to get things done. ① To live life at a slower pace is better than to live life in a hurry/rush. ② （Under the stress of fast-paced life,） it is more beneficial to live a slower life . 2)The main reason（ that convinces us to oppose doing work in a hurry ）is the possibility of doing wrongs in a rush. ① The main reason is that doing things hurriedly will raise/increase the possibility of making mistakes. ② People are more likely to make mistakes when doing things in a hurry. ③ It may be easier for people to make mistakes when in a hurry. ④ Doing work hurriedly may easily lead to mistakes. 3)Slowing down the pace of life helps people enjoy their life better. --On the contrary, being in a hurry will make us lose chances of enjoying our lives. ① Slower life pace can make people’s life more enjoyable. ② Live their life at a slower pace can bring more enjoyment to life. 4)Finally, slower life pace provides better health conditions for us. ① Slowing down the pace of life can keep people healthier. ② Live their life at a slower pace helps people keep fit. ③ Slower life pace is beneficial to/is of benefit to/does good to people’s health. 合并： ① Slowing down the pace of life will not only give people more chances to enjoy life , but (also) offer them better health conditions. ② Not only does the slower life give people enjoyment but also it’s beneficial to their health. ③ Living life at a slower pace ensures a healthier and more enjoyable life. 5)Therefore, take your time and live your life at a slower pace. ① Thus, slow down your life pace. ② Thus, be slow and enjoy your life. ③ Thus, enjoy a slower life pace. ④ Thus, let’s slow down for a healthier and happier life. 4. 巧连贯。有效使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 1（【来源】2025届上海市金山区高三下学期二模英语试卷） Publishers are rewriting classics Recent arguments have arisen as British publishers changed Roald Dahl’s children’s books and Ian Fleming’s James Bond novels to remove language seen as offensive (犯忌的) today. Days after Puffin Books faced criticism for editing Dahl’s works, reports showed Fleming’s team also made careful checks before reissuing Bond books. Both authors’ works included problematic terms —Dahl’s books had unfair comments on race, gender, and mental health, while Fleming’s stories used old-fashioned descriptions of people of color. Puffin Books worked with the Roald Dahl Story Company (RDSC) and a diversity group to update Dahl’s stories. Many changes were made, such as rewriting a line in James and the Giant Peach from “fried alive and eaten by a Mexican” to remove hurtful words. Mentions of a writer linked to historical unfairness, Rudyard Kipling, were replaced with Jane Austen. RDSC said these edits help Dahl’s stories “be enjoyed by all children today.” Some critics, like Suzanne Nossel, have argued that Dahl’s work should stand as it is, with new introductions to prepare readers with context. She believed that the “problem” with rewrites “is that there is no limiting principle.” And the author, Salman Rushdie said: “Roald Dahl was not perfect but this is absurd censorship (荒谬的审查制度).” Despite the strong negative responses, Penguin Random House announced on Feb. 24 that it would continue to publish “classic” versions of Dahl’s books alongside the revised versions. Yet Karen, a professor of children’s literature, says there is a precedent (历史参照案例) for rewriting texts and a reason publishers go to the trouble. She says they have three choices: stop publishing the work and lose money, continue publishing the original texts amid controversy, or tailor the texts to today’s audience. Karen says the third is the “least problematic option” but that an even better approach is discovering new and exciting authors. “The books are out there,” she says, “people just need to look for them.” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2（【来源】2025届上海市徐汇区高三下学期二模考试英语试题） How to improve clinical trials？ Last year, a Swiss medicine company published a review of the clinical trials on drugs it had held between 2016 and 2021. It found that black people were under-represented in all but one. Surprisingly, that news represents progress, because it shows that people are becoming more aware of a dangerous bias (偏见) that sets back the safety of medical treatments. Many trials leave out certain groups — children, for example, or people with physical or learning disabilities, pregnant women and the elderly. There are good explanations for the exclusion, such as the difficulty of getting informed permission or the potential harm to unborn children. Yet the consequences can be serious. A recent review found that half of trials around the world testing hip-fracture (髋骨骨折) interventions excluded people who lived in nursing homes, were old or had some sort of understanding problems. Though these groups make up almost a third of all patients suffering hip fractures, it is unclear if the interventions will work as safely or as effectively on them. Their doctors face a tough choice: tell their patients to take the medicine anyway, with uncertain results; or deny them new treatments. Obtaining informed permission for trials is not always easy, especially from people with learning disabilities. Accounting for different groups’ risks of side-effects can complicate the analysis of the data. Even so, broadening the range of trials’ participants can be practically useful, because it might lead to important new findings in medicine. Fortunately, the bias of clinical testing may be changing. The US government has recently proposed to reduce barriers and appeal to a wider range of participants by reducing the costs and commitments required for patients to participate. Countries like America and Britain are discussing publishing regulations that require trial organisers to explain whom they ought to include and how they plan to include them. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3（【【来源】2023届上海市黄浦区高三上学期期终调研测试一模英语试卷） The risk of pre-schooling “Young children learning to read is one of the most important things primary education does. It’s fundamental to children making progress in life,” says Dominic Wyse, a professor of primary education at University College London, in the UK. “While learning literacy is vital to childern, the way we teach it really matters.” In a 2022 report, he states that English school system’s intense focus on phonics – a method that involves matching the sound of a spoken word or letter, with individual written letters, through a process called “sounding out” – could be failing some children. A reason for this is that the tests used to assess that early learning may have little to do with the skills actually needed to read and enjoy books or other meaningful texts. For example, the tests may ask pupils to “sound out” and spell nonsense words, to prevent them from simply guessing, or recognising familiar words. Since nonsense words are not meaningful language, children may find the task difficult and puzzling. It doesn’t end up being meaningful, it ends up being memorising rather than understanding context. Children who attend intensive preschools do not have higher academic abilities in later grades than those who did not attend such preschools, several studies now show. Early education can however have a positive impact on social development – which in turn feeds into the likelihood of graduation from school and university as well as being associated with lower crime rates. In short, attending preschool can have positive effects on later achievement in life, but not necessary on academic skills. Too much academic pressure may even cause problems in the long run. A study published in January 2022 suggested that those who attended a preschool with a strong academic emphasis, showed lower academic achievements a few years later, compared to those who had not gained a place. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （2023年1月·上海高考真题） 2021年秋考真题 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Ann Grand: A Visual Thinker Ann Grand is a visual thinker. When somebody speaks to her, the words are instantly translated into pictures, like a video in her head. Unlike most people, her thoughts move from video-like images to generalizations and concepts. Furthermore, her memories usually appear in her imagination in order of time, and the images visualized are always specific. For example,if she thinks about a chimney, she sees detailed pictures, like the one in her old house and then those in her hometown. That one word can tun into a full-length video in her head. Grand's mind works like the Internet search engine which produces dozens of images of an object a user is searching for. Visual thinking has enabled grand to build entire systems in her imagination which works similarly to a computer program because it can produce three-dimensional design simulations(三维仿真设计).This was important to her as an equipment designer for the livestock industry. Before she started construction on her designs, she would test-run the equipment in her mind She formed mental pictures of her designs in every possible situation, with different sizes and breeds of cattle and in different weather conditions. This process made it possible for her to correct mistakes before construction started. Grand's mind is also sensitive to details, which was important in her work with cattle. Her sharp awareness of the visual world led to noteworthy observations about animals, She noticed many little things that most people would not consider that seared the cattle. For example, a coat on a fence or a pipe on the floor would frighten them away. Grand's visualization abilities have also helped her understand the animals she worked with. This led her to create designs ranging from sweeping, curved fences intended to reduce the stress experienced by animals that were going to be killed to systems for handling sick cattle and pigs. 71.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （2019年6月·上海高考真题） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. It's undeniable: Being among the first to try out a new piece of technology is cool. There's the excitement of doing what has never been done before—the feeling that you're living in the future. And when you're the sole member of your social circle with the latest hot gadget, people stare in fascination. They ask you questions. They see you as the holder of powerful, secret knowledge—for a little while, until the next big thing comes along. People tend to underestimate the costs of this temporary coolness, which they pay in more ways than one. Don't fall into the early adopter trap. Don't join the first wave of consumers who invest in the latest media-hyped hardware; instead, wait and see. To put it frankly, early adoption is a bad investment. First, the earliest versions of devices are not only expensive, they are also the most expensive that those devices will ever be. Companies are presumably attempting to recover the cost of production as fast as they can, and they know that there are serious tech-lovers who will pay a great deal to be first. Once the revenues from early adopters' purchases are safely in their hands, they can cut the price and shift to the next marketing phase: selling the product to everyone else. This is why the cost of the original iPhone dropped about U. S. $200 only eight months after its release. Plus, electronics hardly ever become more expensive because intense competition in the industry puts downward pressure on prices over time. Prices of gadgets will fall shortly after release, and they will likely keep falling. Many new TV models drop significantly in price as little as ten days after hitting the market. Further, electronics rapidly depreciate because they become obsolete (废弃的) so quickly. This means that early adopters pay the maximum price for an item that does not hold onto its value. The resale price of a cell phone or laptop can drop by fifty percent within just a few months. Speaking of becoming obsolete, those who are first to leap into a new technology risk wasting money and time on something that will never catch on. Another good reason to resist the early-adoption temptation is that the first version of a product typically has defects that cost a lot in time and frustration. Such problems are so common with new technology that early adopters are basically unpaid beta testers and troubleshooters. Unless this sounds to you like a fun way to spend your time, don’t be among the first users. If you wait to learn what the problems are with a new electronic gadget, you can look forward to a smoother experience—or choose a less troublesome product. 71.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 25 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专练01 概要写作之记叙文、议论文速成技巧 目录 第一部分 风向速递 洞察考向，感知前沿 第二部分 分层突破 固本培优，精准提分 A组·保分基础练 考向01 记叙文概要写作 考向02 议论文概要写作 B组·抢分能力练 第三部分 真题验证 对标高考，感悟考法 （2026年嘉定区一模） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. The Drawbacks—and Benefits—of Isolation Loneliness is increasingly seen as a serious problem in modern society, affecting both the elderly and many young people. Smartphones, social media, and remote work are often blamed for making individuals feel isolated. Three recent books explore the complex nature of being alone. “All the Lonely People” shares personal stories from individuals experiencing deep isolation. The author, Sam Carr, a psychologist, sensitively shows the emotional pain caused by loss of family members, disease, or difficult childhood experiences. After reading this book, one may wonder whether loneliness is just an unavoidable human experience. Actually, Carr suggests loneliness isn’t one simple feeling, but a mix of different unhappy emotions and unsatisfied needs. Another book, “Solitude”, written by two psychologists, shows a completely different story, exploring the rewards of time spent alone. It is common to treat loneliness and being alone as similar concepts, but they are not. Based on laboratory work, interviews and surveys, the authors argue that isolation offers valuable benefits, which allows people space to rest, think, and escape constant noise and distractions. However, the experience depends entirely on whether being alone is voluntary. Being forced to stay isolated, like prisoners, is usually miserable. “The Success of the Slippers” presents a more critical view of modern isolation. Mr Bruckner, a philosopher, calls the present period “a Great Withdrawal.” The book describes a society where most tasks can be completed without leaving house. The author’s comment? “While it’s nice to be comfortable, you can’t build a civilization on softness.” Mr Bruckner’s main theme is the need for people to relearn the art of affection. The author believes “interactive isolation” enabled by technology cannot replace “the great theatre of the world.” Mr Bruckner supplies a checklist for getting rid of enduring, painful feelings of loneliness: “Have we loved others enough, given others enough, held others enough?” In a world where people are increasingly isolated, maybe it is time to try to answer these questions. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 Three recent books explore modern isolation from different angles: one shows its emotional pain from loss or hardship, another emphasizes voluntary solitude’s benefits like rest, and the third criticizes it, calling for relearning affection. 导语 本文是一篇议论文，围绕现代社会的孤独与独处现象，介绍了三本近期书籍的不同观点：一本聚焦孤独的痛苦与复杂性，一本强调自愿独处的益处，另一本批判现代孤立状态并呼吁人们重拾情感联结。 详细解析 1. 要点摘录 · Loneliness is a serious modern problem; three books explore the nature of being alone. · "All the Lonely People": Shows isolation’s emotional pain, argues loneliness is a mix of negative emotions/unsatisfied needs. · "Solitude": Distinguishes loneliness from being alone, highlights benefits of voluntary solitude (rest, thinking, escaping distractions). · "The Success of the Slippers": Criticizes modern "Great Withdrawal", urges relearning affection. 2. 写作思路 1. 先总起：三本新书从不同角度探讨现代孤立现象。 1. 再分述每本书的核心观点：分别对应 “痛苦与复杂”“自愿独处的益处”“批判与呼吁”。 1. 避免冗余细节，聚焦每本书的核心立场。 3. 亮点词汇 1. Isolation：孤立（核心概念，统摄全文主题） 1. Emotional pain：情感痛苦（精准概括第一本书的核心内容） 1. Voluntary solitude：自愿独处（准确区分关键概念，体现原文逻辑） 1. Relearn affection：重拾情感联结（提炼最后一本书的核心呼吁，简洁有力） 4. 高分句式 1. 冒号引导并列结构：one shows..., another highlights..., and the third criticizes...（清晰呈现三本书的观点对比，结构对称，逻辑连贯） 1. 现在分词作伴随状语：urging people to relearn affection（简洁补充书籍的核心呼吁，避免句子冗长） 考向01 记叙文概要写作 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.  Discovering a lost brother ① Kieron Graham always knew he had an older brother named Vincent. Though Kieron spent years thinking about him, he could never track him down. ② That changed in December 2017, when Kieron’s adoptive parents gave him an AncestryDNA test as a Christmas gift. Kieron, now 21, sent his saliva (唾液) sample in for analysis. When his results came back, he was stunned to find he had a lot of DNA matches for relatives who had also taken the test. Most were distant connections, but one match was so strong that it was labeled “close family.” His name was Vincent Ghant. Kieron looked for him on Facebook and soon made a possible connection. “This is going to sound so wild … but I think you’re my brother,” Kieron wrote on Facebook’s Messenger app. “I was given up for adoption in 1997 and it says on my paperwork that my mother has a son with your name and your birth date. Her name is Shawn.” ③ “OMG do you know your real name?” wrote Vincent, now 30. ④ “I think it was Tyler.” ⑤ “OMG YES!!! You are my brother.” ⑥ “Wow,” wrote Kieron. ⑦ “This is crazy,” said Vincent. ⑧ The craziness was just beginning. As they talked, the brothers realized they lived about 20 minutes from each other. More surprising, they attended the same university and majored and minored in the same subjects: political science and legal studies. ⑨ Vincent was nine when Kieron was born and remembers caring for his baby brother. But times were tough, and Shawn, who worked 15-plus hours a day as a nurse, decided that placing Kieron for adoption would give him the best chance to succeed. ⑩ “She was very emotional about that time, to the point where it was hard for her to put into words anything about what happened,” Vincent says. ⑾ Now the brothers had the chance to make up for lost time. They decided to meet at a local tea shop that week. ⑿ One of Vincent’s concerns was that Kieron might resent his birth family for placing him for adoption. He was relieved Kieron didn’t, and that he’d grown up in a loving family. ⒀ Since that first meeting, the brothers have bonded even more. They play football together and celebrated Christmas with their families. “We’ll keep growing our relationship until it’s time to leave this planet,” says Vincent. That shouldn’t be hard. As Kieron says, “We’ve got years and years to catch up on.” 【解析指导】 1. Main idea 本文讲述了一对分开多年的兄弟重聚的故事。文章前半部分主要讲Kieron如何通过基因检测和Facebook找到了他的哥哥 Vincent，后半部分讲述了他们重聚之后的往来，以及迅速建立感情。 2. Text structure 全文可以划分为三个部分： ①-⑧第一部分：Kieron通过基因检测和Facebook找到了他的哥哥。 ⑨-⑩第二部分：Kieron的妈妈为什么放弃他，让别人领养他。 ⑾-⒀第三部分：Kieron和哥哥重聚后，迅速建立感情。 3. Mind map 4. Writing procedure Step 1：细读全文，明确主题。本文主要是讲述了一对分开多年的兄弟重聚的故事。 Step 2：划分要点。记叙文注意是找who / what / when / where / why / how who：Kieron what: found his brother Vincent when/why: 文中划线处 where: 无需强调 how: through an AncestryDNA test and Facebook Step 3：标主题句或关键词。已在文中用横线标出每段主题句。 Step 4：概括。 5. Summary writing Kieron, given up for adoption reluctantly by his mother when he was a baby, found his brother Vincent through an AncestryDNA test and Facebook. Surprisingly, they lived quite close to each other and studied the same subjects in the same university. After their first meeting, the two brothers quickly bonded and would enhance their relationship in the years to come. (60 words) 考向02 议论文概要写作 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. These days our society develops rapidly and forces people to rush. It appears that people have got used to being in a hurry. However, it’s better for people to take their time and live their life at a slower pace than to hurry to get things done. The main reason that convinces us to oppose doing work in a hurry is the possibility of doing wrongs in a rush. When people do their jobs or take action in a hurry, they can’t make a sound decision and probably regret later. As the saying goes, “ Haste makes waste.” We should think carefully before making a decision and do our work less quickly. We should not make mistakes by doing work hurriedly. Slowing down the pace of life helps people enjoy their life better. For example, taking a train to some place certainly will take more time than taking a plane. However, taking a train makes people have enough time to get to know a lot of new friends. Besides, it allows people to fully enjoy the beautiful scenery along the way. On the contrary, being in a hurry will make us lose chances of enjoying our lives. Finally, slower life pace provides better health conditions for us. As is known to all, taking action in a hurry bothers people and raises their stress. People think if they are not in a hurry, they will become a loser and that annoys them. But being in a hurry can hurt people both physically and mentally. According to some studies, people who have a slower pace suffer fewer diseases, tend to be happier and live much longer than those whose life is tense, even if the former finish jobs more slowly than the latter. In short, working quickly will bring about more material benefits to make our society more advanced. Yet, much stress can’t bring enjoyment, friends and health, which are much more important than money and other material advantages. Therefore, take your time and live your life at a slower pace. 【写作指导】 1. 知体裁。这是一篇典型的议论文体裁，框架为“总分（总）” 即“论点(introduction of the topic)论据(body by reasoning)结论(conclusion by restating ,summarizing or suggesting)”， 通过“转折词”找文章“论点”。 议论文的主题句通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句 或尾句。 These days our society develops rapidly and forces people to rush. It appears that people have got used to being in a hurry. However, it’s better for people to take their time and live their life at a slower pace than to hurry to get things done. 2. 明论证。根据文章的discourse marker“话语标记词” 如”however,therefore”在文中划出各段“主题句”。 1)However, it’s better for people to take their time and live their life at a slower pace than to hurry to get things done. 2)The main reason（ that convinces us to oppose doing work in a hurry ）is the possibility of doing wrongs in a rush. 3)Slowing down the pace of life helps people enjoy their life better. --On the contrary, being in a hurry will make us lose chances of enjoying our lives. 4)Finally, slower life pace provides better health conditions for us. 5)Therefore, take your time and live your life at a slower pace. 3. 找论据。完全用“自己简洁的语言”准确转述每一个要点（避免重复），可以用“词性变化或同义词/反义词替换”来转述。 1.）However, it’s better for people to take their time and live their life at a slower pace than to hurry to get things done. ① To live life at a slower pace is better than to live life in a hurry/rush. ② （Under the stress of fast-paced life,） it is more beneficial to live a slower life . 2)The main reason（ that convinces us to oppose doing work in a hurry ）is the possibility of doing wrongs in a rush. ① The main reason is that doing things hurriedly will raise/increase the possibility of making mistakes. ② People are more likely to make mistakes when doing things in a hurry. ③ It may be easier for people to make mistakes when in a hurry. ④ Doing work hurriedly may easily lead to mistakes. 3)Slowing down the pace of life helps people enjoy their life better. --On the contrary, being in a hurry will make us lose chances of enjoying our lives. ① Slower life pace can make people’s life more enjoyable. ② Live their life at a slower pace can bring more enjoyment to life. 4)Finally, slower life pace provides better health conditions for us. ① Slowing down the pace of life can keep people healthier. ② Live their life at a slower pace helps people keep fit. ③ Slower life pace is beneficial to/is of benefit to/does good to people’s health. 合并： ① Slowing down the pace of life will not only give people more chances to enjoy life , but (also) offer them better health conditions. ② Not only does the slower life give people enjoyment but also it’s beneficial to their health. ③ Living life at a slower pace ensures a healthier and more enjoyable life. 5)Therefore, take your time and live your life at a slower pace. ① Thus, slow down your life pace. ② Thus, be slow and enjoy your life. ③ Thus, enjoy a slower life pace. ④ Thus, let’s slow down for a healthier and happier life. 4. 巧连贯。有效使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑连贯。 【参考范文1】 To live life at a slower pace is better than to live life in a hurry. Firstly,people are more likely to make mistakes when doing things in a hurry.Secondly,slower life pace can bring more enjoyment to life.Lastly, it is beneficial to people’s health.So ,be slow and enjoy life. 【参考范文2】 To live life at a slower pace is better than to live life in a hurry.The main reason is that doing things hurriedly will raise the possibility of making mistakes while slowing down the life pace can not only make people’s life more enjoyable but also keep people healthier.Thus, let’s slow down for a healthier and happier life. Passage 1（【来源】2025届上海市金山区高三下学期二模英语试卷） Publishers are rewriting classics Recent arguments have arisen as British publishers changed Roald Dahl’s children’s books and Ian Fleming’s James Bond novels to remove language seen as offensive (犯忌的) today. Days after Puffin Books faced criticism for editing Dahl’s works, reports showed Fleming’s team also made careful checks before reissuing Bond books. Both authors’ works included problematic terms —Dahl’s books had unfair comments on race, gender, and mental health, while Fleming’s stories used old-fashioned descriptions of people of color. Puffin Books worked with the Roald Dahl Story Company (RDSC) and a diversity group to update Dahl’s stories. Many changes were made, such as rewriting a line in James and the Giant Peach from “fried alive and eaten by a Mexican” to remove hurtful words. Mentions of a writer linked to historical unfairness, Rudyard Kipling, were replaced with Jane Austen. RDSC said these edits help Dahl’s stories “be enjoyed by all children today.” Some critics, like Suzanne Nossel, have argued that Dahl’s work should stand as it is, with new introductions to prepare readers with context. She believed that the “problem” with rewrites “is that there is no limiting principle.” And the author, Salman Rushdie said: “Roald Dahl was not perfect but this is absurd censorship (荒谬的审查制度).” Despite the strong negative responses, Penguin Random House announced on Feb. 24 that it would continue to publish “classic” versions of Dahl’s books alongside the revised versions. Yet Karen, a professor of children’s literature, says there is a precedent (历史参照案例) for rewriting texts and a reason publishers go to the trouble. She says they have three choices: stop publishing the work and lose money, continue publishing the original texts amid controversy, or tailor the texts to today’s audience. Karen says the third is the “least problematic option” but that an even better approach is discovering new and exciting authors. “The books are out there,” she says, “people just need to look for them.” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The news that British publishers are rewriting classics to remove offensive terms has drawn mixed responses. Some argue that the original texts should remain unchanged, while others claim the updates ensure wider acceptance. In practice, original and revised editions coexist. An expert suggests discovering new authors may be an even better approach. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。围绕英国出版商改写经典作品以去除冒犯性词汇一事展开讨论，呈现了不同观点，且提到出版社的做法，最后有专家给出建议。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Recent arguments have arisen as British publishers changed Roald Dahl’s children’s books and Ian Fleming’s James Bond novels to remove language seen as offensive today. ②RDSC said these edits help Dahl’s stories “be enjoyed by all children today.” ③Some critics, like Suzanne Nossel, have argued that Dahl’s work should stand as it is, with new introductions to prepare readers with context. ④Penguin Random House announced on Feb. 24 that it would continue to publish “classic” versions of Dahl’s books alongside the revised versions. ⑤Karen says the third is the “least problematic option” but that an even better approach is discovering new and exciting authors. 2. 缜密构思 将第2、3要点整合为不同人对改写经典的不同态度；第4要点单独成点；第5要点单独成点。 3. 遣词造句 The news that British publishers rewrite classics to remove offensive terms has sparked arguments. Some think the original texts should stay, while others believe the updates make the stories more acceptable. Original and revised editions will coexist. An expert suggests discovering new authors may be an even better approach. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The news that British publishers are rewriting classics to remove offensive terms has drawn mixed responses. (运用了同位语从句) [高分句型2] An expert suggests discovering new authors may be an even better approach. (运用了省略连词that的宾语从句) Passage 2（【来源】2025届上海市徐汇区高三下学期二模考试英语试题） How to improve clinical trials？ Last year, a Swiss medicine company published a review of the clinical trials on drugs it had held between 2016 and 2021. It found that black people were under-represented in all but one. Surprisingly, that news represents progress, because it shows that people are becoming more aware of a dangerous bias (偏见) that sets back the safety of medical treatments. Many trials leave out certain groups — children, for example, or people with physical or learning disabilities, pregnant women and the elderly. There are good explanations for the exclusion, such as the difficulty of getting informed permission or the potential harm to unborn children. Yet the consequences can be serious. A recent review found that half of trials around the world testing hip-fracture (髋骨骨折) interventions excluded people who lived in nursing homes, were old or had some sort of understanding problems. Though these groups make up almost a third of all patients suffering hip fractures, it is unclear if the interventions will work as safely or as effectively on them. Their doctors face a tough choice: tell their patients to take the medicine anyway, with uncertain results; or deny them new treatments. Obtaining informed permission for trials is not always easy, especially from people with learning disabilities. Accounting for different groups’ risks of side-effects can complicate the analysis of the data. Even so, broadening the range of trials’ participants can be practically useful, because it might lead to important new findings in medicine. Fortunately, the bias of clinical testing may be changing. The US government has recently proposed to reduce barriers and appeal to a wider range of participants by reducing the costs and commitments required for patients to participate. Countries like America and Britain are discussing publishing regulations that require trial organisers to explain whom they ought to include and how they plan to include them. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】A Swiss firm’s review suggested a dangerous bias in clinical trials. Certain groups of people being excluded from trials may lead to harmful consequences. Despite some difficulties, involving more participants can lead to new medical insights. Luckily, there’s progress including reducing the barriers to attract more participants and publishing rules to address this issue. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过瑞士药企的审查案例引出临床试验存在排除特定群体的系统性偏见，指出这种排除可能导致严重后果，同时论证了扩大参与者范围对医学进步的意义，最后提出政府正在通过降低参与门槛和制定法规来改善这一现状。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ① Swiss review found racial under-representation in trials, highlighting growing awareness of dangerous bias. ② Excluding groups like children/disabled/elderly causes unclear treatment efficacy for major patient populations. ③ Broadening participants could yield new medical discoveries despite challenges in informed consent and data analysis. ④ Governments are reducing barriers and requiring transparency in trial inclusion policies. 2.缜密构思 将第①、②要点整合为“问题呈现”，第③点作为“解决方案的必要性”，第④点作为“积极进展”，形成“问题-影响-解决-进展”的逻辑链。 3.遣词造句 A Swiss firm’s review exposed racial bias in trials, reflecting heightened awareness. Excluding vulnerable groups risks ineffective treatments for major populations. While expanding participation faces challenges, it may unlock medical breakthroughs. Fortunately, governments are lowering barriers and mandating transparent inclusion policies to address this critical issue. 【点睛】[高分句型1] A Swiss firm’s review exposed racial bias in trials, reflecting heightened awareness.（使用现在分词短语reflecting作状语） [高分句型2] While expanding participation faces challenges, it may unlock medical breakthroughs.（使用了while引导的让步状语从句） Passage 3（【【来源】2023届上海市黄浦区高三上学期期终调研测试一模英语试卷） The risk of pre-schooling “Young children learning to read is one of the most important things primary education does. It’s fundamental to children making progress in life,” says Dominic Wyse, a professor of primary education at University College London, in the UK. “While learning literacy is vital to childern, the way we teach it really matters.” In a 2022 report, he states that English school system’s intense focus on phonics – a method that involves matching the sound of a spoken word or letter, with individual written letters, through a process called “sounding out” – could be failing some children. A reason for this is that the tests used to assess that early learning may have little to do with the skills actually needed to read and enjoy books or other meaningful texts. For example, the tests may ask pupils to “sound out” and spell nonsense words, to prevent them from simply guessing, or recognising familiar words. Since nonsense words are not meaningful language, children may find the task difficult and puzzling. It doesn’t end up being meaningful, it ends up being memorising rather than understanding context. Children who attend intensive preschools do not have higher academic abilities in later grades than those who did not attend such preschools, several studies now show. Early education can however have a positive impact on social development – which in turn feeds into the likelihood of graduation from school and university as well as being associated with lower crime rates. In short, attending preschool can have positive effects on later achievement in life, but not necessary on academic skills. Too much academic pressure may even cause problems in the long run. A study published in January 2022 suggested that those who attended a preschool with a strong academic emphasis, showed lower academic achievements a few years later, compared to those who had not gained a place. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Learning literacy is important for children, and how they learn it counts. A study shows too much phonics learning negatively affects children because passing the tests only requires meaningless pronunciation and spelling instead of understanding. Although pre-schooling does good to the development of society, studies also show too much of it has nothing to do with later academic achievements. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章从英国所做的一项学前儿童的自然拼读实验得出结论：参加强化学前教育的孩子在以后的学习能力上和没有参加学前教育的孩子相差无几，相反太多的学业压力会对孩子未来的学术成就产生消极影响。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①While learning literacy is vital to children, the way we teach it really matters. ②In a 2022 report, Dominic Wyse states that English school system’s intense focus on phonics could be failing some children. Because the tests used to assess that early learning may have little to do with the skills actually needed to read and enjoy books or other meaningful texts. ③Children who attend intensive preschools do not have higher academic abilities in later grades than those who did not attend such preschools. ④People who attended a preschool with a strong academic emphasis showed lower academic achievements a few years later. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Though learning literacy is important to children, the way to teach really matters. There will be many problems in the long run caused by too much academic pressure. In short, attending preschool which is necessary on academic skills can have positive effects on later achievement in life. 【点睛】[高分句型1]：A reason for this is that the tests used to assess that early learning may have little to do with the skills actually needed to read and enjoy books or other meaningful texts. (运用了that引导的表语从句，that引导的宾语从句) [高分句型2]：Children who attend intensive preschools do not have higher academic abilities in later grades than those who did not attend such preschools, several studies now show.(运用了who引导定语从句) （2023年1月·上海高考真题） 2021年秋考真题 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Ann Grand: A Visual Thinker Ann Grand is a visual thinker. When somebody speaks to her, the words are instantly translated into pictures, like a video in her head. Unlike most people, her thoughts move from video-like images to generalizations and concepts. Furthermore, her memories usually appear in her imagination in order of time, and the images visualized are always specific. For example,if she thinks about a chimney, she sees detailed pictures, like the one in her old house and then those in her hometown. That one word can tun into a full-length video in her head. Grand's mind works like the Internet search engine which produces dozens of images of an object a user is searching for. Visual thinking has enabled grand to build entire systems in her imagination which works similarly to a computer program because it can produce three-dimensional design simulations(三维仿真设计).This was important to her as an equipment designer for the livestock industry. Before she started construction on her designs, she would test-run the equipment in her mind She formed mental pictures of her designs in every possible situation, with different sizes and breeds of cattle and in different weather conditions. This process made it possible for her to correct mistakes before construction started. Grand's mind is also sensitive to details, which was important in her work with cattle. Her sharp awareness of the visual world led to noteworthy observations about animals, She noticed many little things that most people would not consider that seared the cattle. For example, a coat on a fence or a pipe on the floor would frighten them away. Grand's visualization abilities have also helped her understand the animals she worked with. This led her to create designs ranging from sweeping, curved fences intended to reduce the stress experienced by animals that were going to be killed to systems for handling sick cattle and pigs. 71.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 71. Being a visual thinker,Ann Grand thinks in pictures and her memories appear as specific images in her mind in time order. As a livestock equipment designer, she benefited from her ability to visualize her designs, which enabled her to perfect them before construction. Her keen observation of details led to designs that took into account animals’ feelings。 （2019年6月·上海高考真题） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. It's undeniable: Being among the first to try out a new piece of technology is cool. There's the excitement of doing what has never been done before—the feeling that you're living in the future. And when you're the sole member of your social circle with the latest hot gadget, people stare in fascination. They ask you questions. They see you as the holder of powerful, secret knowledge—for a little while, until the next big thing comes along. People tend to underestimate the costs of this temporary coolness, which they pay in more ways than one. Don't fall into the early adopter trap. Don't join the first wave of consumers who invest in the latest media-hyped hardware; instead, wait and see. To put it frankly, early adoption is a bad investment. First, the earliest versions of devices are not only expensive, they are also the most expensive that those devices will ever be. Companies are presumably attempting to recover the cost of production as fast as they can, and they know that there are serious tech-lovers who will pay a great deal to be first. Once the revenues from early adopters' purchases are safely in their hands, they can cut the price and shift to the next marketing phase: selling the product to everyone else. This is why the cost of the original iPhone dropped about U. S. $200 only eight months after its release. Plus, electronics hardly ever become more expensive because intense competition in the industry puts downward pressure on prices over time. Prices of gadgets will fall shortly after release, and they will likely keep falling. Many new TV models drop significantly in price as little as ten days after hitting the market. Further, electronics rapidly depreciate because they become obsolete (废弃的) so quickly. This means that early adopters pay the maximum price for an item that does not hold onto its value. The resale price of a cell phone or laptop can drop by fifty percent within just a few months. Speaking of becoming obsolete, those who are first to leap into a new technology risk wasting money and time on something that will never catch on. Another good reason to resist the early-adoption temptation is that the first version of a product typically has defects that cost a lot in time and frustration. Such problems are so common with new technology that early adopters are basically unpaid beta testers and troubleshooters. Unless this sounds to you like a fun way to spend your time, don’t be among the first users. If you wait to learn what the problems are with a new electronic gadget, you can look forward to a smoother experience—or choose a less troublesome product. 71.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案01】 Don’t be the first users of the latest electronic devices. The reasons are as following: firstly, the earliest versions of devices are often expensive because companies want to get back the cost quickly. Secondly, electronics will be out of date rapidly. Thirdly, the first version of a product is with some defects generally is likely imperfect. Therefore, don’t be the first to try out the new products/early adopters. 【参考答案02】 Early adoption of new technology might seem exciting and prestigious. However, it involves numerous drawbacks. It's highly costly with initial devices being expensive and depreciating rapidly. They often become obsolete shortly and have common defects. Thus, waiting is a smarter move. 这篇文章的概要写作思路如下： 首先，文章开篇指出早期采用新技术看似很酷，引发读者兴趣。接着，通过多个方面阐述早期采用的弊端，如成本高昂，包括初版设备价格贵且贬值快；容易过时，技术更新换代快导致设备价值迅速下降；存在缺陷，初版产品常有各种问题。最后，得出结论，建议等待而不是急于成为早期采用者，这样更明智。整个概要围绕早期采用的利弊进行归纳，并得出明确的建议。 1 / 25 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $