专练02 概要写作之说明文、实验研究类写法详解（专题专练）（上海专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

专练02 概要写作之说明文、实验研究类写法详解 目录 第一部分 风向速递 洞察考向，感知前沿 第二部分 分层突破 固本培优，精准提分 A组·保分基础练 考向01 普通类说明文概要写作 考向02 实验研究类说明文概要写作 B组·抢分能力练 第三部分 真题验证 对标高考，感悟考法 （2026年静安区一模） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.  Should you build a capsule wardrobe (胶囊衣柜)? Do you ever struggle with choosing your outfit in the morning? If you have a full wardrobe yet still feel you don't have anything to wear, you might want to build yourself a capsule wardrobe! So, what is this? Put simply, a capsule wardrobe is a small selection of items of clothing that go well with each other, and are therefore interchangeable. Key to the capsule wardrobe is solid basics, like plain tops, and, ideally, neutral colors, because they make combinations easier. Consider the flexibility of a basic pair of jeans. They can be paired with sneakers and a T-shirt for a relaxed style or a jacket paired with high heels, if you want to look more sophisticated. Fashion bloggers also talk about timeless classics-picture a luxury black handbag that will suit any occasion and won't go out of style. But why might it be beneficial to build a capsule wardrobe? Well, by limiting your choices, it can become much easier to choose what to wear, but there is another advantage too-it can reduce the amount of fast fashion. Fast fashion refers to clothes which are trendy for just a short time, so they are quickly replaced by newer trends. This results in cheap and poor-quality clothing which has huge environmental costs as waste goes to landfill, resulting in an increase in pollution. According to UK clothes waste charity TRAID, the average garment is worn just 10 times before long disposed of. So, having a capsule wardrobe with long-lasting and high-quality clothes should help reduce this, even if it means paying more in the first place. Building an excellent capsule wardrobe takes time and patience. But if you want to reduce waste and have some extra time in the morning, it might be time to start building! ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 A capsule wardrobe includes interchangeable basic pieces and timeless classics in neutral colors, simplifying daily outfit choices. It cuts down fast fashion waste as its high-quality items are durable, though building it requires patience and may cost more more initially. 导语 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了胶囊衣柜的定义（由百搭基础款、经典款组成，颜色中性），阐述了其便于搭配、减少快时尚浪费的优势，同时提及打造胶囊衣柜需耗时且初期成本可能较高的特点。 详细解析 1. 要点摘录 · A capsule wardrobe is a small set of interchangeable clothes, focusing on solid basics and neutral colors, plus timeless classics. · Benefit 1: Makes choosing outfits easier by limiting choices. · Benefit 2: Reduces fast fashion (cheap, low-quality, environmentally harmful) as its clothes are long-lasting and high-quality. · Building it requires time and patience, and may cost more at first. 2. 写作思路 1. 先定义胶囊衣柜的核心特征：百搭、基础款 + 经典款、中性色。 1. 再分述核心优势：便于搭配、减少快时尚浪费。 1. 最后补充注意事项：耗时、初期成本较高。 3. 亮点词汇 1. Capsule wardrobe：胶囊衣柜（核心术语，准确对应原文） 1. Interchangeable：可互换的（精准概括胶囊衣柜的核心功能） 1. Timeless classics：永恒经典款（保留原文关键描述，体现衣柜特点） 1. Fast fashion：快时尚（行业术语，简洁传递环保相关核心概念） 4. 高分句式 1. 介词短语作定语：with interchangeable basic and timeless clothes in neutral colors（用一个短语整合多个特征，结构紧凑，信息密度高） 1. 让步状语从句：though building it takes time and may cost more initially（简洁补充转折信息，逻辑清晰不拖沓） 考向01 普通类说明文概要写作 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.  Wish you were more creative? Just pretend! ① One great irony about our collective obsession with creativity is that we tend to frame it in uncreative ways. That is to say, most of us marry creativity to our concept of self: Either we’re “creative” or we aren’t, without much of a middle ground. ② Dr. Pillay, a tech entrepreneur and an assistant professor at Harvard University, has spent a good chunk of his career subverting (使放弃) these ideas. He believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to defy the clichéd advice that urges you to “believe in yourself.” In fact, you should do the opposite: Believe you are someone else. ③ Dr. Pillay points to a 2016 study demonstrating the impact of stereotypes (固定思维) on one’s behavior. The authors, educational psychologists Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar, divided their college-student subjects into three groups, instructing the members of one to think of themselves as “eccentric (古怪的) poets” and the members of another to imagine they were “rigid librarians” (the third group was the control). The researchers then presented all the participants with ten ordinary objects, including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with as many different uses as possible for each one. Those who were asked to imagine themselves as eccentric poets came up with the widest range of ideas, whereas those in the rigid-librarian group had the fewest. Meanwhile, the researchers found only small differences in students’ creativity levels across academic majors. In fact, the physics majors inhabiting the personas of eccentric poets came up with more ideas than the art majors did. ④ These results, write Dumas and Dunbar, suggest that creativity is not an individual trait but a “malleable (易适应的) product of context and perspective.” Everyone can be creative, as long as he or she feels like a creative person. Dr. Pillay’s work takes this a step further: He argues that simply identifying yourself as creative is less powerful than taking the bold, creative step of imagining you are somebody else. This exercise, which he calls psychological Halloweenism, refers to the conscious action of inhabiting another persona. An actor may employ this technique to get into character, but anyone can use it. ⑤ Unfortunately, those ideas often get drowned out because most of us spend way too much time worrying, and about two things in particular: how successful/unsuccessful we are and how little we’re focusing on the task at hand. These twin worries feed on each other—an unfocused person is an unsuccessful one, we believe—and so we don’t allow our minds to wander into its quietly fertile fields. 【解析指导】 1. Main idea 这是一篇说明文。哈佛大学副教授Pillay博士引用前人的实验结果，提出了训练创造力的方法——假装自己是另一个人。该实验证明，创造力不是一个人的属性，而是在不同情境和角度下可调节的产物。Pillay博士进而指出，创造力可以通过练习获得。文章详细介绍了该实验的过程、发现和结论。文章最后指出人们之所以不能产生有创意的点子，是因为人们过于在乎成功，过于专注眼前事，而让我们的大脑不能放松。 2. Text structure 全文可以划分为三个部分： ①第一部分：普通民众对是否具备创造力的观念。 ②-④第二部分：哈佛大学副教授Pillay博士在前人实验结果的基础上提出了训练创造力的方法。 ⑤第三部分：人们为什么不能产生有创意的点子。 3. Mind map 4.. Writing procedure Step 1：细读全文，明确主题。 本文主要是讲述创造力不是一个人的属性，而是在不同情境和角度下可调节的产物。 创造力可以通过练习获得，并指出训练创造力的方法。 Step 2：划分要点。 本文分3个要点，提出主题——给出方法——解释原因。 Step 3：标主题句或关键词。 已在文中用横线标出每段主题句。 Step 4：概括。 5. Summary writing ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 考向02 实验研究类说明文概要写作 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Would a person born blind, who has learned to distinguish objects by touch, be able to recognize them purely by sight if he regained the ability to see? The question, known as Molyneux’s problem, is about whether the human mind has a built-in concept of shapes that is so innate(天生的) that such a blind person could immediately recognize an object with restored vision. The alternative is that the concepts of shapes are not innate but have to be learned by exploring an object through sight, touch and other senses. After their attempt to test it in blind children failed, Lars Chittka of Queen Mary University of London and his colleagues have taken another attempt at finding an answer, this time using another species. To test whether bumblebees can form an internal representation of objects, they first trained the insects to distinguish globes from cubes using a sugar reward. The bees were trained in the light, where they could see but not touch the objects. Then they were tested in the dark, where they could touch but not see the globes or cubes. The researchers found that the bumblebees spent more time in contact with the shape they had been trained to associate with the sugar reward, even though they had to rely on touch rather than sight to distinguish the objects. The researchers also did the reverse test with untrained bumblebees, first teaching them with rewards in the dark and then testing them in the light. Again, the bees were able to recognize the shape associated with the sugar reward, though they had to rely on sight rather than touch in the test. In short, bees have solved Molyneux's problem because the fact suggests that they can picture object features and access them through sight or touch. However, some experts express their warnings. Jonathan Birch, a philosopher of science, cautions that the bees may have had prior experience associating visual and tactile(触觉的) information about straight edges and curved surfaces in the context of their nests, so it is not possible to eliminate the possibility that some of the cross-sensory concept is learned rather than innate. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 详细解析： Summary 步骤 1.判断文章类型/体裁 ， 说明文/议论文/记叙文/研究报告 2.文章结构 总分总，总分 · 研究目的 whether humans have innate concepts of shapes · 实验对象 bumblebees · 实验过程/方法 have bumblebees identify different shapes in the light and dark · 实验结果 bumblebees can always distinguish the particular shapes · 实验结论 bees had built-in concepts of shapes · 局限性 prior experience may disturb the results ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 1（【来源】上海市上海师范大学附属中学闵行分校2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷 ） Ice Cream Innovation Is there anything nicer than a cooling ice cream on a hot summer’s day? This traditional treat is centuries old, but our tastes and consumer habits are evolving. How is the ice cream production process changing, and who is driving this change? Making ice cream is a time-consuming process. While the recipe is simple, getting the balance right between ice, fat and air is important if the ice cream is to have the right texture. To achieve this, the ingredients need to be mixed and heated, then cooled and frozen-a process that takes time and uses a lot of energy. Designers and engineers are working to improve the production process with new specialized equipment to make it increasingly automated. For now, however, even with the help of robots and 3D printers, it can take up to two years from testing a new frozen dessert product to it being available to consumers. And demand is only going up. According to statistics, more than 25 billion litres of ice cream were eaten worldwide in 2021. While the US and China are the biggest consumers, data shows that people in the UK bought 28%more ice cream during the UK’s record-breaking summer compared to a year earlier. Clearly, rising temperatures can explain why some people are buying more ice cream, but it’s not the only explanation. The pandemic has seen people reaching for pleasures they can enjoy at home, which include eating indulgent(纵容的) foods. So, what new things can we expect? Dairy still dominates, but plant-based ice cream and low-calorie choices are a growing part of the frozen dessert market. But, according to Elsebeth Baungaard, the next global trend will be less about innovation and more about portion size “I’m sorry to say it’s simply shrinking”, she says. “But the quality will be higher.” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2（【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题） Are touchscreens in cars dangerous? For years almost every new car sold has come with a high-tech, futuristic screen, which controls everything from the air conditioning to the music. Even safety features like automatic lane-keeping are sometimes screen-controlled. But are touchscreens safe? The case for the accusation is straightforward. If fiddling with the screen of a smartphone while driving is distracting, and therefore dangerous, then doing likewise with your car’s is probably risky too. Drivers can learn the location of physical controls, and press buttons or twiddle dials without taking their eyes off the road. A touchscreen offers no physical feedback, making that much harder. And because a screen must do dozens of jobs, finding a particular setting often means tapping through several sub-menus. The result, say critics, is a dangerous distraction built into the car itself. Research backs that up. A study, done in 2024 by researchers at SINTEF, a Norwegian contract-research organisation, used gaze-tracking cameras to compare how long drivers were distracted while performing different tasks on a touchscreen. Even the quickest job — changing the temperature — meant three and a half seconds, on average, of not looking at the road. Finding a new radio station took 11 seconds, and putting a new address into the satellite navigation took 16. An analysis published in 2020 by the Transport Research Laboratory, a British organisation, found that touchscreens impaired a driver’s reaction time more than driving over the legal alcohol limit. Safety organisations are beginning to notice. From January new rules from Euro NCAP, an organisation that provides safety ratings for cars sold in Europe, will mean no car can get a full five-star score unless certain crucial functions — indicators, for instance, or the windscreen wipers — are controlled by real switches. Euro NCAP’s safety guidelines have no legal force. But carmakers use its ratings as a selling-point. But innovation never stops. Even as touchscreens are falling out of favour, many manufacturers are turning their attention to voice control — though that is a subject for another story. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3（【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试题） The Case for a Mentoring (指导) Program Teachers and leaders at our school are continually telling us that we should become more engaged in the community by volunteering our time. After thinking about this, I have a suggestion that would not only help high school students get involved but would also help elementary students in our district. Many of the students at our high school have excellent academic skills. With a mentoring program, these students could put their skills to use by helping younger students who are struggling academically. My own sister, who attends one of the elementary schools that feeds into our high school, is having a hard time in math. Her classroom is crowded, and she can’t always get the one-on-one attention that she needs to understand a new concept. She has told me that she has many friends who also need help. A mentoring program in which high school students tutor elementary school students could be the solution. By using a mentoring program, struggling youngsters could get the individual attention they need to master new concepts. In researching mentoring programs, I learned of several promising results. According to an article published in the November 2005 Education World, elementary school students raised their reading levels significantly in a short period of time after being tutored by high school students. Furthermore, volunteering seems to have a positive influence on the high school mentors themselves. As students learn how to be good mentors, they focus on effective communication skills, including how to share and how to listen, all boosted significantly. Generally speaking, these skills are valuable for everyone. Additionally, mentors get the satisfaction of meaningfully contributing to their community and future generations. Because mentoring programs have proven to be so successful, they are also undergoing certain changes. Some schools pair high school students with elementary students to practice computer skills, to play sports, to learn to play a musical instrument, or to discover how to be a good citizen. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【2017上海春考】 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Where are the bees? Bees are essential to the production of food we eat. Bees make honey, but they also pollinate large areas of crops, such as straw berries, apples and onions. About a third of the food we eat is a result of pollination of the bees. Unfortunately, bees have been disappearing at an alarming rate. In 2006, bee keepers started reporting about something called Colony Collapse Disaster (CCD).The main sign of CCD is the loss of adult honey bees from a hive. In October of 2006, some beekeepers reported that they had lost between 30 and 90 percent of their hives. There were many theories for the disappearance of the bees. But the most convincing one has to do with pesticides and lifestyles of bees today. Nowadays, beekeeper get most of their income not from producing honey but from renting bees to pollinate plants. This means that the life of the typical bee now consists of travelling all around the country to pollinate crops as the seasons change. That means a lot of traveling on trucks, which is very stressful to bees. It is not unusual for up to 30% of the hive to die during transport due to stress. In addition, bees that spend most of their time locked up on trucks are not exposed to what they usually live on. Instead, they live on a sweet liquid from corn, usually polluted with pesticides. The exact reason for the disappearance of bees is not sure, but losing bees is very costly to the economy. The bee pollination services are worth over $8 billion a year. With no bees, pollination will have to be done by hand, which would have effects on the quality of food and increased food priced. We hear a lot about big environmental disasters almost every day. But one of the biggest may just be the less of that tiny flying insect. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【2020年7月高考真题】 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Are People Unique? It is human being’ pride that we are the only species on the Planet that can speak and think. However, recent research casts doubts on that common belief. Zuberbuhler, a psychologist at St. Andrews University, and his colleagues recorded thousands of calls made by Diana monkeys and noticed that the monkeys adapted their calls to change the meaning to warn one another about different situations. For example, they made a ‘krack’ alarm call at the sight of a tiger. However, when they merely repeated calls made by other monkeys they added an ‘oo’. The researchers found that the same calls would be recognized by other species, like Campbell’s monkeys. So they are communicating across species. And since then we have found that hornbill birds can understand these calls and they too understand all the different meanings. Said Zuberhler. What is also surprising is that signs of intelligence have been found in birds, whose small brains were long assumed to be a complete barrier to intelligence. However, all that is changing fast. A few years ago, Irene Pepperberg of the Massachussetts Institute of Technology taught a parrot to recognize and count up to six objects, which couldn't have been achieved if birds were unable to memorize. Last year that was topped by Alex Kacelnik, a professor of behavioral ecology at Oxford, who discovered that crows(乌鸦) are capable of using tools in complex orders, the first time such behavior had been observed in non-humans. In an experiment seven crows successfully grabbed a piece of food placed out of reach using different lengths of stick. Crucially, they were able to complete the task without any special training, suggesting the birds were capable of a level of abstract reasoning normally associated only with humans. All this is powerful evidence against the idea that people are unique. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 25 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专练02 概要写作之说明文、实验研究类写法详解 目录 第一部分 风向速递 洞察考向，感知前沿 第二部分 分层突破 固本培优，精准提分 A组·保分基础练 考向01 普通类说明文概要写作 考向02 实验研究类说明文概要写作 B组·抢分能力练 第三部分 真题验证 对标高考，感悟考法 （2026年静安区一模） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.  Should you build a capsule wardrobe (胶囊衣柜)? Do you ever struggle with choosing your outfit in the morning? If you have a full wardrobe yet still feel you don't have anything to wear, you might want to build yourself a capsule wardrobe! So, what is this? Put simply, a capsule wardrobe is a small selection of items of clothing that go well with each other, and are therefore interchangeable. Key to the capsule wardrobe is solid basics, like plain tops, and, ideally, neutral colors, because they make combinations easier. Consider the flexibility of a basic pair of jeans. They can be paired with sneakers and a T-shirt for a relaxed style or a jacket paired with high heels, if you want to look more sophisticated. Fashion bloggers also talk about timeless classics-picture a luxury black handbag that will suit any occasion and won't go out of style. But why might it be beneficial to build a capsule wardrobe? Well, by limiting your choices, it can become much easier to choose what to wear, but there is another advantage too-it can reduce the amount of fast fashion. Fast fashion refers to clothes which are trendy for just a short time, so they are quickly replaced by newer trends. This results in cheap and poor-quality clothing which has huge environmental costs as waste goes to landfill, resulting in an increase in pollution. According to UK clothes waste charity TRAID, the average garment is worn just 10 times before long disposed of. So, having a capsule wardrobe with long-lasting and high-quality clothes should help reduce this, even if it means paying more in the first place. Building an excellent capsule wardrobe takes time and patience. But if you want to reduce waste and have some extra time in the morning, it might be time to start building! ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 A capsule wardrobe includes interchangeable basic pieces and timeless classics in neutral colors, simplifying daily outfit choices. It cuts down fast fashion waste as its high-quality items are durable, though building it requires patience and may cost more more initially. 导语 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了胶囊衣柜的定义（由百搭基础款、经典款组成，颜色中性），阐述了其便于搭配、减少快时尚浪费的优势，同时提及打造胶囊衣柜需耗时且初期成本可能较高的特点。 详细解析 1. 要点摘录 · A capsule wardrobe is a small set of interchangeable clothes, focusing on solid basics and neutral colors, plus timeless classics. · Benefit 1: Makes choosing outfits easier by limiting choices. · Benefit 2: Reduces fast fashion (cheap, low-quality, environmentally harmful) as its clothes are long-lasting and high-quality. · Building it requires time and patience, and may cost more at first. 2. 写作思路 1. 先定义胶囊衣柜的核心特征：百搭、基础款 + 经典款、中性色。 1. 再分述核心优势：便于搭配、减少快时尚浪费。 1. 最后补充注意事项：耗时、初期成本较高。 3. 亮点词汇 1. Capsule wardrobe：胶囊衣柜（核心术语，准确对应原文） 1. Interchangeable：可互换的（精准概括胶囊衣柜的核心功能） 1. Timeless classics：永恒经典款（保留原文关键描述，体现衣柜特点） 1. Fast fashion：快时尚（行业术语，简洁传递环保相关核心概念） 4. 高分句式 1. 介词短语作定语：with interchangeable basic and timeless clothes in neutral colors（用一个短语整合多个特征，结构紧凑，信息密度高） 1. 让步状语从句：though building it takes time and may cost more initially（简洁补充转折信息，逻辑清晰不拖沓） 考向01 普通类说明文概要写作 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.  Wish you were more creative? Just pretend! ① One great irony about our collective obsession with creativity is that we tend to frame it in uncreative ways. That is to say, most of us marry creativity to our concept of self: Either we’re “creative” or we aren’t, without much of a middle ground. ② Dr. Pillay, a tech entrepreneur and an assistant professor at Harvard University, has spent a good chunk of his career subverting (使放弃) these ideas. He believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to defy the clichéd advice that urges you to “believe in yourself.” In fact, you should do the opposite: Believe you are someone else. ③ Dr. Pillay points to a 2016 study demonstrating the impact of stereotypes (固定思维) on one’s behavior. The authors, educational psychologists Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar, divided their college-student subjects into three groups, instructing the members of one to think of themselves as “eccentric (古怪的) poets” and the members of another to imagine they were “rigid librarians” (the third group was the control). The researchers then presented all the participants with ten ordinary objects, including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with as many different uses as possible for each one. Those who were asked to imagine themselves as eccentric poets came up with the widest range of ideas, whereas those in the rigid-librarian group had the fewest. Meanwhile, the researchers found only small differences in students’ creativity levels across academic majors. In fact, the physics majors inhabiting the personas of eccentric poets came up with more ideas than the art majors did. ④ These results, write Dumas and Dunbar, suggest that creativity is not an individual trait but a “malleable (易适应的) product of context and perspective.” Everyone can be creative, as long as he or she feels like a creative person. Dr. Pillay’s work takes this a step further: He argues that simply identifying yourself as creative is less powerful than taking the bold, creative step of imagining you are somebody else. This exercise, which he calls psychological Halloweenism, refers to the conscious action of inhabiting another persona. An actor may employ this technique to get into character, but anyone can use it. ⑤ Unfortunately, those ideas often get drowned out because most of us spend way too much time worrying, and about two things in particular: how successful/unsuccessful we are and how little we’re focusing on the task at hand. These twin worries feed on each other—an unfocused person is an unsuccessful one, we believe—and so we don’t allow our minds to wander into its quietly fertile fields. 【解析指导】 1. Main idea 这是一篇说明文。哈佛大学副教授Pillay博士引用前人的实验结果，提出了训练创造力的方法——假装自己是另一个人。该实验证明，创造力不是一个人的属性，而是在不同情境和角度下可调节的产物。Pillay博士进而指出，创造力可以通过练习获得。文章详细介绍了该实验的过程、发现和结论。文章最后指出人们之所以不能产生有创意的点子，是因为人们过于在乎成功，过于专注眼前事，而让我们的大脑不能放松。 2. Text structure 全文可以划分为三个部分： ①第一部分：普通民众对是否具备创造力的观念。 ②-④第二部分：哈佛大学副教授Pillay博士在前人实验结果的基础上提出了训练创造力的方法。 ⑤第三部分：人们为什么不能产生有创意的点子。 3. Mind map 4.. Writing procedure Step 1：细读全文，明确主题。 本文主要是讲述创造力不是一个人的属性，而是在不同情境和角度下可调节的产物。 创造力可以通过练习获得，并指出训练创造力的方法。 Step 2：划分要点。 本文分3个要点，提出主题——给出方法——解释原因。 Step 3：标主题句或关键词。 已在文中用横线标出每段主题句。 Step 4：概括。 5. Summary writing Many people regard themselves either creative or not creative. Yet, experts proved creativity is not a personal quality and could be gained in specified situations. Another expert believes people could get creative by pretending to be someone else. But most people fail to do so because they care so much about success, forcing themselves to focus all the time. (59 words) 考向02 实验研究类说明文概要写作 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Would a person born blind, who has learned to distinguish objects by touch, be able to recognize them purely by sight if he regained the ability to see? The question, known as Molyneux’s problem, is about whether the human mind has a built-in concept of shapes that is so innate(天生的) that such a blind person could immediately recognize an object with restored vision. The alternative is that the concepts of shapes are not innate but have to be learned by exploring an object through sight, touch and other senses. After their attempt to test it in blind children failed, Lars Chittka of Queen Mary University of London and his colleagues have taken another attempt at finding an answer, this time using another species. To test whether bumblebees can form an internal representation of objects, they first trained the insects to distinguish globes from cubes using a sugar reward. The bees were trained in the light, where they could see but not touch the objects. Then they were tested in the dark, where they could touch but not see the globes or cubes. The researchers found that the bumblebees spent more time in contact with the shape they had been trained to associate with the sugar reward, even though they had to rely on touch rather than sight to distinguish the objects. The researchers also did the reverse test with untrained bumblebees, first teaching them with rewards in the dark and then testing them in the light. Again, the bees were able to recognize the shape associated with the sugar reward, though they had to rely on sight rather than touch in the test. In short, bees have solved Molyneux's problem because the fact suggests that they can picture object features and access them through sight or touch. However, some experts express their warnings. Jonathan Birch, a philosopher of science, cautions that the bees may have had prior experience associating visual and tactile(触觉的) information about straight edges and curved surfaces in the context of their nests, so it is not possible to eliminate the possibility that some of the cross-sensory concept is learned rather than innate. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 详细解析： Summary 步骤 1.判断文章类型/体裁 ， 说明文/议论文/记叙文/研究报告 2.文章结构 总分总，总分 · 研究目的 whether humans have innate concepts of shapes · 实验对象 bumblebees · 实验过程/方法 have bumblebees identify different shapes in the light and dark · 实验结果 bumblebees can always distinguish the particular shapes · 实验结论 bees had built-in concepts of shapes · 局限性 prior experience may disturb the results 参考答案： To find out whether humans have innate concepts of shapes,(目的) researchers used bumblebees as test subjects and had them identify different shapes in the light and dark.（方法）In both experiments bumblebees were found to be able to distinguish shapes only by sight or touch.（结果）So they concluded bees had built-in concepts of shapes, though some experts were not convinced.（结论） (59) Passage 1（【来源】上海市上海师范大学附属中学闵行分校2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷 ） Ice Cream Innovation Is there anything nicer than a cooling ice cream on a hot summer’s day? This traditional treat is centuries old, but our tastes and consumer habits are evolving. How is the ice cream production process changing, and who is driving this change? Making ice cream is a time-consuming process. While the recipe is simple, getting the balance right between ice, fat and air is important if the ice cream is to have the right texture. To achieve this, the ingredients need to be mixed and heated, then cooled and frozen-a process that takes time and uses a lot of energy. Designers and engineers are working to improve the production process with new specialized equipment to make it increasingly automated. For now, however, even with the help of robots and 3D printers, it can take up to two years from testing a new frozen dessert product to it being available to consumers. And demand is only going up. According to statistics, more than 25 billion litres of ice cream were eaten worldwide in 2021. While the US and China are the biggest consumers, data shows that people in the UK bought 28%more ice cream during the UK’s record-breaking summer compared to a year earlier. Clearly, rising temperatures can explain why some people are buying more ice cream, but it’s not the only explanation. The pandemic has seen people reaching for pleasures they can enjoy at home, which include eating indulgent(纵容的) foods. So, what new things can we expect? Dairy still dominates, but plant-based ice cream and low-calorie choices are a growing part of the frozen dessert market. But, according to Elsebeth Baungaard, the next global trend will be less about innovation and more about portion size “I’m sorry to say it’s simply shrinking”, she says. “But the quality will be higher.” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 The ice cream industry is changing. Because the production process consumes time and energy, designers are automating it with specialized facilities. Behind this change is the growing global demand due to hotter weather and consumers’ desire for indulgent pleasure. Moreover, with more healthy alternatives, future ice creams will shrink in size but become high in quality. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说冰淇淋行业正在发生变化。由于生产过程需要耗费时间和精力，设计师们正利用专门的设备来实现自动化操作。这一变化的背后是由于气温升高以及消费者对享受愉悦体验的渴望而产生的全球需求增长。此外，随着更多健康替代品的出现，未来的冰淇淋产品尺寸会变小，但质量会大大提高。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①This traditional treat is centuries old, but our tastes and consumer habits are evolving. ②Making ice cream is a time-consuming process. Designers and engineers are working to improve the production process with new specialized equipment to make it increasingly automated. ③Clearly, rising temperatures can explain why some people are buying more ice cream, but it’s not the only explanation. The pandemic has seen people reaching for pleasures they can enjoy at home, which include eating indulgent(纵容的) foods. ④Dairy still dominates, but plant-based ice cream and low-calorie choices are a growing part of the frozen dessert market. But, according to Elsebeth Baungaard, the next global trend will be less about innovation and more about portion size “I’m sorry to say it’s simply shrinking”, she says. “But the quality will be higher.” 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行综述，将第2、3、4三个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 The ice cream industry is transforming. Since the production process consumes time and energy, designers are automating it with specialized facilities. Behind this change is the growing global demand thanks to hotter weather and consumers’ desire for indulgent enjoyment. Besides, with more fit choices, future ice creams will shrink in size but become high in quality. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Because the production process consumes time and energy, designers are automating it with specialized facilities.运用一个because引导原因状语从句对原文第二段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] Behind this change is the growing global demand due to hotter weather and consumers’ desire for indulgent pleasure.运用了倒装句对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 Passage 2（【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题） Are touchscreens in cars dangerous? For years almost every new car sold has come with a high-tech, futuristic screen, which controls everything from the air conditioning to the music. Even safety features like automatic lane-keeping are sometimes screen-controlled. But are touchscreens safe? The case for the accusation is straightforward. If fiddling with the screen of a smartphone while driving is distracting, and therefore dangerous, then doing likewise with your car’s is probably risky too. Drivers can learn the location of physical controls, and press buttons or twiddle dials without taking their eyes off the road. A touchscreen offers no physical feedback, making that much harder. And because a screen must do dozens of jobs, finding a particular setting often means tapping through several sub-menus. The result, say critics, is a dangerous distraction built into the car itself. Research backs that up. A study, done in 2024 by researchers at SINTEF, a Norwegian contract-research organisation, used gaze-tracking cameras to compare how long drivers were distracted while performing different tasks on a touchscreen. Even the quickest job — changing the temperature — meant three and a half seconds, on average, of not looking at the road. Finding a new radio station took 11 seconds, and putting a new address into the satellite navigation took 16. An analysis published in 2020 by the Transport Research Laboratory, a British organisation, found that touchscreens impaired a driver’s reaction time more than driving over the legal alcohol limit. Safety organisations are beginning to notice. From January new rules from Euro NCAP, an organisation that provides safety ratings for cars sold in Europe, will mean no car can get a full five-star score unless certain crucial functions — indicators, for instance, or the windscreen wipers — are controlled by real switches. Euro NCAP’s safety guidelines have no legal force. But carmakers use its ratings as a selling-point. But innovation never stops. Even as touchscreens are falling out of favour, many manufacturers are turning their attention to voice control — though that is a subject for another story. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】      Most new cars are equipped with touchscreens controlling various functions, but they’re dangerous as they lack physical feedback and require complex sub-menu operations, distracting drivers. Studies show they cause long distraction and impair reaction time more than drunk driving. Euro NCAP will introduce new rules requiring real switches for key functions, while carmakers are shifting to voice control. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要围绕汽车触摸屏的安全性展开，指出其因缺乏物理反馈、操作复杂而分散司机注意力，相关研究证实其危害甚至超过酒驾，欧洲安全机构将出台新规规范关键功能控制方式，车企则转向语音控制技术。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①For years almost every new car sold has come with a high-tech, futuristic screen, which controls everything from the air conditioning to the music. ②But are touchscreens safe? The case for the accusation is straightforward. ③A study, done in 2024 by researchers at SINTEF, a Norwegian contract-research organisation, used gaze-tracking cameras to compare how long drivers were distracted while performing different tasks on a touchscreen. ④Euro NCAP’s safety guidelines have no legal force. But carmakers use its ratings as a selling-point. 2. 缜密构思 整合①②，③④要点 3. 遣词造句 Most new cars have touchscreens for diverse functions, but they’re dangerous owing to no physical feedback and complex sub-menu operations that distract drivers. Studies prove they lead to long distraction and impair reaction time more than drunk driving, so Euro NCAP will require real switches for key functions, with carmakers shifting to voice control. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】Most new cars are equipped with touchscreens controlling various functions, but they’re dangerous as they lack physical feedback and require complex sub-menu operations, distracting drivers. (运用 as 引导原因状语从句，现在分词短语作结果状语，对一二段部分内容进行总结) 【高分句型 2】Studies show they cause long distraction and impair reaction time more than drunk driving. (运用省略that的宾语从句，对第三段进行总结，句型高级) 【高分句型 3】Euro NCAP will introduce new rules requiring real switches for key functions, while carmakers are shifting to voice control. (运用while连接的时间状语从句，对第四，五段进行总结，表达高级) Passage 3（【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试题） The Case for a Mentoring (指导) Program Teachers and leaders at our school are continually telling us that we should become more engaged in the community by volunteering our time. After thinking about this, I have a suggestion that would not only help high school students get involved but would also help elementary students in our district. Many of the students at our high school have excellent academic skills. With a mentoring program, these students could put their skills to use by helping younger students who are struggling academically. My own sister, who attends one of the elementary schools that feeds into our high school, is having a hard time in math. Her classroom is crowded, and she can’t always get the one-on-one attention that she needs to understand a new concept. She has told me that she has many friends who also need help. A mentoring program in which high school students tutor elementary school students could be the solution. By using a mentoring program, struggling youngsters could get the individual attention they need to master new concepts. In researching mentoring programs, I learned of several promising results. According to an article published in the November 2005 Education World, elementary school students raised their reading levels significantly in a short period of time after being tutored by high school students. Furthermore, volunteering seems to have a positive influence on the high school mentors themselves. As students learn how to be good mentors, they focus on effective communication skills, including how to share and how to listen, all boosted significantly. Generally speaking, these skills are valuable for everyone. Additionally, mentors get the satisfaction of meaningfully contributing to their community and future generations. Because mentoring programs have proven to be so successful, they are also undergoing certain changes. Some schools pair high school students with elementary students to practice computer skills, to play sports, to learn to play a musical instrument, or to discover how to be a good citizen. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The author suggests a school mentoring program, where high school students with strong academic skills tutor struggling elementary students. The program benefits younger learners by providing much-needed one-on-one attention. For mentors, it boosts communication skills and brings the satisfaction of contributing to the community. Such programs have proven successful and now expand to areas like computer skills and sports. 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了建立指导项目的必要性和益处。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Teachers and leaders at our school are continually telling us that we should become more engaged in the community by volunteering our time. I have a suggestion that would not only help high school students get involved but would also help elementary students in our district. ②With a mentoring program, these students could put their skills to use by helping younger students who are struggling academically. ③Furthermore, volunteering seems to have a positive influence on the high school mentors themselves. ④Because mentoring programs have proven to be so successful, they are also undergoing certain changes. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总结，作为背景引入，将2、3三个要点进行整合，作为建立指导项目的益处，第4个要点作为总结。 3.遣词造句A mentoring program enables high school students to aid struggling elementary students academically, benefiting both. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The author suggests a school mentoring program, where high school students with strong academic skills tutor struggling elementary students.运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第一、二段进行了概括。其中when引导了定语从句，表达非常高级。 【高分句型2】The program benefits younger learners by providing much-needed one-on-one attention.运用了非谓语动词，对原文第二段进行了概括。其中动名词providing，作by的宾语，表达非常高级。 【2017上海春考】 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Where are the bees? Bees are essential to the production of food we eat. Bees make honey, but they also pollinate large areas of crops, such as straw berries, apples and onions. About a third of the food we eat is a result of pollination of the bees. Unfortunately, bees have been disappearing at an alarming rate. In 2006, bee keepers started reporting about something called Colony Collapse Disaster (CCD).The main sign of CCD is the loss of adult honey bees from a hive. In October of 2006, some beekeepers reported that they had lost between 30 and 90 percent of their hives. There were many theories for the disappearance of the bees. But the most convincing one has to do with pesticides and lifestyles of bees today. Nowadays, beekeeper get most of their income not from producing honey but from renting bees to pollinate plants. This means that the life of the typical bee now consists of travelling all around the country to pollinate crops as the seasons change. That means a lot of traveling on trucks, which is very stressful to bees. It is not unusual for up to 30% of the hive to die during transport due to stress. In addition, bees that spend most of their time locked up on trucks are not exposed to what they usually live on. Instead, they live on a sweet liquid from corn, usually polluted with pesticides. The exact reason for the disappearance of bees is not sure, but losing bees is very costly to the economy. The bee pollination services are worth over $8 billion a year. With no bees, pollination will have to be done by hand, which would have effects on the quality of food and increased food priced. We hear a lot about big environmental disasters almost every day. But one of the biggest may just be the less of that tiny flying insect. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Bees not only provide us with honey, but also help pollinate crops. However, they are disappearing at an alarming rate for unknown reason, which will be disastrous to us and economy. Some people think it is the pesticide while others think it is due to transport. 【解析】 【分析】本文属于环保文章，介绍蜜蜂正以惊人的速度消失，这可能和运输、农作物使用杀虫剂以及环境有关，但是没人知道确切原因。要求考生阅读完总结论点，不能超过60个词。 【详解】第一步，归纳各个段落的段落大意，第一段讲述蜜蜂对我们很重要，但是却以惊人的速度消失，第二段讲述蜜蜂出现这种状况的情形，第三段讲述可能造成此现象的原因；第四段讲述这种现象对我们和经济的影响。 第二步，可以择出重要的信息，蜜蜂对我们很重要，但是却以惊人的速度消失，可能造成此现象的原因，以及影响。 第三步，得出答案，注意过渡与衔接，字数控制在60字以内。 【点睛】概要写作做题技巧。概要写作不是对段落大意的简单堆积，需要学生读懂文章的大概意思和文章结构，还需要一定写作替换技巧，且注意语言的简洁性。第一步，确定文章的话题和各段的段落大意，比如本文话题为蜜蜂的消失，第一段讲述蜜蜂对我们很重要，但是却以惊人的速度消失，第二段讲述蜜蜂出现这种状况的情形，第三段讲述可能造成此现象的原因；第四段讲述这种现象对我们和经济的影响；第二步，分析各个段落的逻辑关系，确定主观点和次要观点；第三步，注意一定的写作技巧，比如同义词、近义词的替换，句型和结构的转换；第四步，检查单词拼写，语法规则，字数问题等。 【2020年7月高考真题】 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Are People Unique? It is human being’ pride that we are the only species on the Planet that can speak and think. However, recent research casts doubts on that common belief. Zuberbuhler, a psychologist at St. Andrews University, and his colleagues recorded thousands of calls made by Diana monkeys and noticed that the monkeys adapted their calls to change the meaning to warn one another about different situations. For example, they made a ‘krack’ alarm call at the sight of a tiger. However, when they merely repeated calls made by other monkeys they added an ‘oo’. The researchers found that the same calls would be recognized by other species, like Campbell’s monkeys. So they are communicating across species. And since then we have found that hornbill birds can understand these calls and they too understand all the different meanings. Said Zuberhler. What is also surprising is that signs of intelligence have been found in birds, whose small brains were long assumed to be a complete barrier to intelligence. However, all that is changing fast. A few years ago, Irene Pepperberg of the Massachussetts Institute of Technology taught a parrot to recognize and count up to six objects, which couldn't have been achieved if birds were unable to memorize. Last year that was topped by Alex Kacelnik, a professor of behavioral ecology at Oxford, who discovered that crows(乌鸦) are capable of using tools in complex orders, the first time such behavior had been observed in non-humans. In an experiment seven crows successfully grabbed a piece of food placed out of reach using different lengths of stick. Crucially, they were able to complete the task without any special training, suggesting the birds were capable of a level of abstract reasoning normally associated only with humans. All this is powerful evidence against the idea that people are unique. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案： Scientist have discovered signs of language and intelligence in monkeys and birds. Some monkeys can communicate various messages with different calls in and across species. Some birds, like parrots and crows, have the ability to memorize and reason. So language and intelligence are not unique to humans. 1 / 25 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $