专题21 英语写作之议论文：论点清晰，语言流畅（题型专练）（上海专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

专题21 英语写作之议论文 目录 第一部分 题型解码 高屋建瓴，掌握全局 第二部分 考向破译 微观解剖，精细教学 典例引领 方法透视 变式演练 考向01内容与逻辑【重难】 考向02篇章结构 考向03语言表达 第三部分 综合巩固 整合应用，模拟实战 题型简介 上海高考英语议论文属于书面表达核心题型，分值通常 25 分左右，要求考生围绕特定话题表达观点、展开论证。该题型侧重考查逻辑思维、语言表达准确性与论证说服力，字数要求一般 120-150 词。选材贴近学生生活、社会热点或思辨性话题，既强调语言基础应用，也注重批判性思维能力，是检验考生综合英语素养的关键题型，需在有限篇幅内实现观点明确、结构清晰、论证充分。 设题类型 主要分为三大类：一是观点选择类，要求考生在两种对立观点中选择其一并论证，如 “线上学习 vs 线下学习”；二是现象评论类，针对社会现象、校园热点等发表看法，如 “青少年短视频使用的利弊”；三是问题解决类，围绕某一问题提出解决方案并阐述理由，如 “如何减少校园浪费”。设题注重开放性与思辨性，不局限于单一答案，鼓励考生结合自身体验或社会实例展开，体现思维的深度与广度。 命题方式 命题形式相对稳定，多以 “文字提示 + 写作要求” 呈现。文字提示会明确话题背景、核心争议点或问题导向，部分题目会给出正反方观点提纲供参考；写作要求则明确体裁（议论文）、字数范围、核心任务（如 “表明观点 + 说明理由”“分析现象 + 提出建议”）。近年来命题趋势更侧重时代性，融入环保、科技、文化交流等热点，同时保持语言简洁易懂，避免生僻话题，确保考生有话可写，同时区分不同水平考生的表达与思维能力。 解题思路 首先审题立意，明确话题核心与写作任务，快速确定中心论点，避免观点模糊；其次构建结构，采用 “总 - 分 - 总” 经典框架，开头亮明观点，中间用 2-3 个分论点 + 论据（实例、数据、道理）支撑，结尾总结升华；接着筛选素材，选择贴近话题、典型且易表达的论据，避免复杂事例；最后语言打磨，使用准确的词汇、多样的句式（简单句与复合句结合），确保逻辑连贯，无语法错误，同时控制字数在要求范围内。 考向01内容与逻辑 【例1-1】（2025年上海市浦东新区高三英语一模） With the prevalence of AI learning tools, some educators argue that students’ independent thinking ability is being undermined because they can get instant answers. What is your view on this? Write an essay of about 120-150 words. 立意维度：观点需具备时代性与思辨性 直接回应题目，避免中庸立场。可采用“限定性同意/不同意”（如：我基本同意，但需在…条件下）。 观点本身最好能体现对当代社会、科技发展或青少年成长的关切。 结构维度：逻辑推进需环环相扣 经典四段式：观点段 → 论证段1 → 论证段2（或让步段）→ 结论段。 高分关键段——“让步反驳段”：以“Admittedly, ...However, ...”结构呈现，体现思维的全面性与批判性。 论证递进：建议从个人层面（对个人能力、发展的影响）推进到社会/时代层面（对社会风气、未来趋势的影响）。 语言维度：表达需精准且学术 使用书面化、学术化的动词（如：foster, hinder, undermine, facilitate）和名词性结构。 善用逻辑“路标词”，尤其是体现因果（thus, thereby）、对比（whereas, in contrast）和让步（nonetheless, notwithstanding）的连接词。 【变式1-1】（2025年上海市黄浦区高三英语联考） Many short-video platforms have introduced “anti-procrastination” features that remind users of their viewing time. However, these features are often easily ignored or switched off. What does this phenomenon reveal about self-regulation in the digital age? Write an essay of about 120-150 words. 【变式1-2】（2025年上海交通大学附属中学高三模拟） （观点对比选择类） Some believe that living in a metropolis offers unparalleled opportunities for personal growth. Others contend that the pressure and pace of city life are detrimental to well-being and authentic development. Which view do you find more convincing? Write an essay of about 120-150 words. 【变式1-3】（2025年上海市长宁区高三英语二模） （建议措施类） School clubs are valuable, yet many students struggle to balance club activities with academic work, leading to stress. What specific strategies would you recommend to students for achieving a sustainable balance? Write an essay of about 120-150 words. 考向02篇章结构 【例2-1】（2025年上海市静安区高三英语一模） It is observed that many teenagers habitually use short videos as their primary source for news and knowledge acquisition. What is your opinion on this trend? Write an essay of about 120-150 words. 黄金四段式 引言段（Introduction）：引出话题 + 明确立场（核心论点）。 主体段1（Body Paragraph 1）：提出第一个核心论据，并进行解释或例证。 主体段2（Body Paragraph 2）：提出第二个核心论据（或进行让步反驳），进行更深层或更宏观的论证。 结论段（Conclusion）：总结全文，重申立场（升华版），可提出建议或展望。 【变式2-1】（2025年上海市格致中学高三校内模拟） （观点对比类） Some view “lying flat” (choosing a less ambitious, low-pressure lifestyle) as a rational response to societal pressure, while others see it as a negation of personal responsibility and progress. Which perspective do you agree with? Write an essay of about 120-150 words. 【变式2-2】（2025年上海市闵行区高三英语二模） （辩证分析类）With the rapid development of technology, some people believe that the humanities (e.g., literature, history, philosophy) are becoming less important. What is your view? Write an essay of about 120-150 words. 【变式2-3】（2025年上海市延安中学高三模拟） （建议措施类）Many students experience intense anxiety before giving a class presentation. What practical advice would you give to help them manage this anxiety and deliver more effectively? Write an essay of about 120-150 words. 考向03语言表达 【例3-1】（2025年上海市徐汇区高三英语一模） Many high school students are now “study influencers,” sharing their meticulously planned study schedules and outcomes on social media. While some praise this as motivating, others criticize it for promoting performative studying and anxiety. What’s your view? Write an essay of about 120-150 words. 词汇维度：精准与学术 动词的精准性：避免使用泛泛的 do, make, get。例如，将“make it easier”升级为 facilitate/streamline；“think about carefully” 替换为 contemplate/ponder。 名词的抽象化：善用抽象名词概括现象。例如，不说“people work too hard”，而说 the culture of overwork；不说“people feel tired and sad”，而说 prevalent burnout and anxiety。 形容词/副词的深化：将 very important 替换为 crucial/paramount/indispensable；将 quickly 替换为 rapidly/exponentially。 句式维度：多样与复杂 非谓语动词开路：By doing..., ... / Having realized..., ... 使句子紧凑。 从句嵌套：熟练运用定语从句、名词性从句（特别是主语从句 What matters is...、同位语从句 The fact that... cannot be ignored.）和状语从句（尤其是让步状语 While..., ...）。 虚拟、倒装与强调句：适时使用，画龙点睛。如 Only by doing so can we...（倒装）；It is this intrinsic motivation that drives real progress.（强调句）。 语篇维度：衔接与连贯 逻辑路标词的高级化： 表因果：Thus, Hence, Consequently, As a result, 表对比：In contrast, Conversely, On the other hand, 表让步：Admittedly, Granted, Notwithstanding, 表递进：Furthermore, More importantly, Additionally, 修辞维度：说服与力度 比喻与类比：使抽象概念具象化。如 a double-edged sword, an information cocoon, like navigating without a compass。 设问与排比：增强语势。如 Is it truly beneficial, or are we merely...? / It fosters creativity, encourages collaboration, and ultimately leads to... 【变式3-1】（2025年上海市复旦附中高三校内模拟） （观点对比类Some argue that in the age of AI, learning to code is an essential skill for all students. Others believe it is a specialized skill only relevant for future programmers. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 【变式3-2】（2025年上海市虹口区高三英语联考） （建议措施类）To promote well-being, many schools have introduced “mindfulness moments” during the day. Yet, students often treat them as mere breaks. What specific steps could schools take to enhance the effectiveness of these practices? 【变式3-3】（2025年上海交通大学附属嘉定实验学校高三模拟） （价值判断类）Some say that reading classic literature is a waste of time for modern students, who should focus on STEM and contemporary issues. What is your opinion? 1：（2025届浦东新区一模） 科技与生活平衡 Some people believe that the overuse of smartphones has made face-to-face communication among teenagers less effective. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Give reasons and examples to support your view. 2：（2025届黄浦区联考） 传统文化传承 With globalization, some traditional festivals are losing their popularity among young people. What measures can be taken to revive young people's interest in these festivals? 3：（2025届闵行区一模 ） 线上教育与线下教育 The rise of online learning platforms has sparked debate about the future of traditional classrooms. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both and give your own opinion. 4：（2025届徐汇区联考） 人工智能与职业未来 Artificial intelligence is automating many tasks previously done by humans. What impact will this have on the job market, and how should individuals prepare for these changes? 5：（2025届静安区一模 ） 成功的关键因素 Some argue that perseverance is the most important factor for success, while others emphasize talent or opportunity. What’s your view? 6：（2025届长宁区联考） 社区志愿服务价值 Should high school students be required to complete a certain number of community service hours to graduate? State your opinion and justify it. 7：（2025届虹口区一模） 环境保护与个人责任 Some people think environmental protection is the responsibility of governments and large corporations, not individuals. Do you agree? 8：（2025届杨浦区联考） 纸质书与电子书 With the popularity of e-books, will printed books eventually disappear? Give your reasons. 9：（2025届普陀区一模） 体育的重要性 Physical education is sometimes considered less important than academic subjects. What is your opinion on the role of PE in high school? 10：（2025届松江区联考） 榜样的力量 Who has a greater influence on teenagers' values and behavior: celebrities or family members? Discuss. 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题21 英语写作之议论文 目录 第一部分 题型解码 高屋建瓴，掌握全局 第二部分 考向破译 微观解剖，精细教学 典例引领 方法透视 变式演练 考向01内容与逻辑【重难】 考向02篇章结构 考向03语言表达 第三部分 综合巩固 整合应用，模拟实战 题型简介 上海高考英语议论文属于书面表达核心题型，分值通常 25 分左右，要求考生围绕特定话题表达观点、展开论证。该题型侧重考查逻辑思维、语言表达准确性与论证说服力，字数要求一般 120-150 词。选材贴近学生生活、社会热点或思辨性话题，既强调语言基础应用，也注重批判性思维能力，是检验考生综合英语素养的关键题型，需在有限篇幅内实现观点明确、结构清晰、论证充分。 设题类型 主要分为三大类：一是观点选择类，要求考生在两种对立观点中选择其一并论证，如 “线上学习 vs 线下学习”；二是现象评论类，针对社会现象、校园热点等发表看法，如 “青少年短视频使用的利弊”；三是问题解决类，围绕某一问题提出解决方案并阐述理由，如 “如何减少校园浪费”。设题注重开放性与思辨性，不局限于单一答案，鼓励考生结合自身体验或社会实例展开，体现思维的深度与广度。 命题方式 命题形式相对稳定，多以 “文字提示 + 写作要求” 呈现。文字提示会明确话题背景、核心争议点或问题导向，部分题目会给出正反方观点提纲供参考；写作要求则明确体裁（议论文）、字数范围、核心任务（如 “表明观点 + 说明理由”“分析现象 + 提出建议”）。近年来命题趋势更侧重时代性，融入环保、科技、文化交流等热点，同时保持语言简洁易懂，避免生僻话题，确保考生有话可写，同时区分不同水平考生的表达与思维能力。 解题思路 首先审题立意，明确话题核心与写作任务，快速确定中心论点，避免观点模糊；其次构建结构，采用 “总 - 分 - 总” 经典框架，开头亮明观点，中间用 2-3 个分论点 + 论据（实例、数据、道理）支撑，结尾总结升华；接着筛选素材，选择贴近话题、典型且易表达的论据，避免复杂事例；最后语言打磨，使用准确的词汇、多样的句式（简单句与复合句结合），确保逻辑连贯，无语法错误，同时控制字数在要求范围内。 考向01内容与逻辑 【例1-1】（2025年上海市浦东新区高三英语一模） With the prevalence of AI learning tools, some educators argue that students’ independent thinking ability is being undermined because they can get instant answers. What is your view on this? Write an essay of about 120-150 words. 【高分范文】 The prevalence of AI learning tools indeed poses a challenge to independent thinking, yet it is ultimately how these tools are utilized, rather than their mere existence, that determines their impact. I believe that with proper guidance, AI can become a catalyst for deeper cognitive development. Initially, overdependence on AI for instant solutions can erode the intellectual perseverance crucial for deep thinking. The process of struggling with a problem, forming hypotheses, and testing them is where analytical skills are honed. AI shortcuts can bypass this essential mental training. However, this risk should not lead to an outright rejection of AI. When used as a research assistant rather than an answer generator, AI can expose students to diverse perspectives and complex data sets, thereby stimulating more critical evaluation and synthesis—higher forms of independent thought. For instance, using AI to analyze conflicting sources on a historical event forces more sophisticated judgment than passive reading. Therefore, the key lies in pedagogical redesign. Educators must shift from assessing answers to assessing the thinking process, designing tasks that require students to question, verify, and build upon AI-generated information. In conclusion, AI does not inherently undermine independent thinking; it transforms its nature. The educational goal must evolve to cultivate students as discerning directors of AI, not its passive consumers. 【逻辑与内容透视】 辩证立论（首段）：观点超越简单的“支持”或“反对”，提出核心变量“how these tools are utilized”，立意深刻。 论证深度（主体段）： 论证段1（承认风险）：分析AI“如何”可能削弱思维（erode intellectual perseverance），并点明其危害在于绕过“essential mental training”。 论证段2（反驳立新）：以“However”强势转折，提出AI的另一种高阶用法（as a research assistant），并论证其“如何”能促进更高级的独立思考（stimulating critical evaluation and synthesis）。举例具体且服务于论证。 论证段3（提出方案）：顺势提出解决问题的核心在于“pedagogical redesign”，将议论推向建设性层面，体现深度。 结论升华：将论点提升到“transforms its nature”和“cultivating discerning directors”的高度，富有时代洞察力。 语言亮点：运用了 poses a challenge, catalyst, erode, hone, synthesis, discerning 等精准的学术词汇，以及 thereby, rather than 等严谨的逻辑连接词。 立意维度：观点需具备时代性与思辨性 直接回应题目，避免中庸立场。可采用“限定性同意/不同意”（如：我基本同意，但需在…条件下）。 观点本身最好能体现对当代社会、科技发展或青少年成长的关切。 结构维度：逻辑推进需环环相扣 经典四段式：观点段 → 论证段1 → 论证段2（或让步段）→ 结论段。 高分关键段——“让步反驳段”：以“Admittedly, ...However, ...”结构呈现，体现思维的全面性与批判性。 论证递进：建议从个人层面（对个人能力、发展的影响）推进到社会/时代层面（对社会风气、未来趋势的影响）。 语言维度：表达需精准且学术 使用书面化、学术化的动词（如：foster, hinder, undermine, facilitate）和名词性结构。 善用逻辑“路标词”，尤其是体现因果（thus, thereby）、对比（whereas, in contrast）和让步（nonetheless, notwithstanding）的连接词。 【变式1-1】（2025年上海市黄浦区高三英语联考） Many short-video platforms have introduced “anti-procrastination” features that remind users of their viewing time. However, these features are often easily ignored or switched off. What does this phenomenon reveal about self-regulation in the digital age? Write an essay of about 120-150 words. 【高分范文与透视】 范文： This phenomenon starkly reveals the inherent limitation of external reminders in fostering genuine self-regulation. It underscores that in the digital age, the core of self-control has shifted from merely receiving prompts to developing the internal willpower to act on them. Technological solutions treat the symptom, not the root cause. A pop-up reminder can interrupt mindless scrolling, but it cannot address the underlying psychological needs—such as boredom or anxiety—that drive the behavior. Without tackling these, users will consistently dismiss the alerts. Therefore, effective self-regulation requires a hybrid approach. External tools can create a moment of pause, but this moment must be seized by an internally cultivated mindset. This mindset is built through conscious habit-formation, like scheduling specific times for leisure, rather than relying on sporadic alerts. Ultimately, the ease with which these features are dismissed highlights a sobering truth: true self-regulation is an internal skill that no app can install. It must be deliberately practiced and valued by the individual. 透视：本题要求分析现象背后的本质。范文采用了“揭示问题 → 分析根源 → 提出建设性方案”的递进结构。论证从批评“外部提醒”的局限性（治标不治本），深入到分析“内部心理需求”这一根源，最后提出“内外结合”（hybrid approach）的解决思路。结论将论点升华至“自我调控是必须内化的技能”，逻辑完整且深刻。 【变式1-2】（2025年上海交通大学附属中学高三模拟） （观点对比选择类） Some believe that living in a metropolis offers unparalleled opportunities for personal growth. Others contend that the pressure and pace of city life are detrimental to well-being and authentic development. Which view do you find more convincing? Write an essay of about 120-150 words. 【高分范文与透视】 范文： While metropolitan pressures are real, I find the argument for cities as catalysts for unparalleled growth more convincing, primarily because they offer a unique “pressure forge” for competence and resilience. The diversity and intensity of challenges in a metropolis accelerate the development of adaptive intelligence. Navigating complex systems, interacting with a global pool of talents, and solving novel problems daily force individuals to learn rapidly and think creatively—a form of growth difficult to replicate in less dynamic environments. Admittedly, unchecked urban stress can harm well-being. However, this is not an inherent flaw of cities but a failure of individual strategy and urban design. Proactive stress management and seeking community can mitigate these effects, allowing one to harness the city‘s energy without being consumed by it. Thus, the metropolis is not merely a location but a high-stakes learning environment. Its value lies not in comfort, but in its capacity to compel growth through constructive adversity, shaping more capable and resilient individuals. 透视：本文在比较中选择一方，但通过“限定性同意”展现了思辨性。核心论点创造了一个新颖的概念：“pressure forge”（压力熔炉）。论证时，将城市的“压力”重新定义为促进“适应性智力”发展的动力，完成了对反面观点的核心论据（压力）的巧妙转化和重新诠释。让步段承认问题但指出其可解决性。结论极具力量，将城市重新定义为“high-stakes learning environment”，观点鲜明且论证有力。 【变式1-3】（2025年上海市长宁区高三英语二模） （建议措施类） School clubs are valuable, yet many students struggle to balance club activities with academic work, leading to stress. What specific strategies would you recommend to students for achieving a sustainable balance? Write an essay of about 120-150 words. 【高分范文与透视】 范文： Achieving a sustainable balance requires moving beyond simple time-management to strategic priority-alignment. I recommend a two-fold strategy: intentional selection and integrated planning. First, practice “values-based filtering” when choosing clubs. Instead of joining multiple clubs for résumé padding, select one or two that genuinely align with your long-term passions or academic goals. This transforms the activity from an added burden into a meaningful extension of your learning, reducing psychological strain. Second, employ “integration over addition” in scheduling. Rather than viewing club time as separate from academic time, seek synergies. For example, if you are in a debate club, frame your research as part of your preparation for history or language arts classes. This mindset reduces the feeling of competing commitments and creates efficiency. By choosing with purpose and planning for synergy, club activities cease to be mere distractions and become integrated components of a holistic educational experience, thereby alleviating the very stress they might otherwise cause. 透视：本题要求提出具体、可行的建议。范文的亮点在于提出了两个具有操作性和深刻性的核心策略，并赋予了它们凝练的名称（“values-based filtering”, “integration over addition”），使文章结构清晰、观点突出。每个建议都详细解释了“如何做”以及“为何有效”（如 reduces psychological strain, creates efficiency），论证扎实。结论段总结了这两个策略如何从根本上解决问题，完成了完整的逻辑闭环。 考向02篇章结构 【例2-1】（2025年上海市静安区高三英语一模） It is observed that many teenagers habitually use short videos as their primary source for news and knowledge acquisition. What is your opinion on this trend? Write an essay of about 120-150 words. 【高分范文及篇章结构透视】 (引言段：引出话题，亮出辩证观点) The trend of teenagers relying on short videos for news and knowledge is a double-edged sword, presenting both unprecedented accessibility and significant intellectual risks. While it lowers the barrier to information, I am deeply concerned about its potential to foster a fragmented and passive mindset towards serious learning. (主体段1：论述风险一：思维碎片化) Structurally, short videos prioritize brevity and sensation over depth and context, inevitably leading to fragmented understanding. A complex event is compressed into a 60-second clip, stripped of necessary background, multiple perspectives, and nuanced analysis. This format trains young minds to crave quick takeaways rather than engage in sustained, critical thinking, reducing knowledge to isolated factoids. (主体段2：论述风险二：被动接受与算法控制) Moreover, this habit cultivates intellectual passivity and exposes users to algorithmic bias. The auto-play feature and personalized feed create a “passive scroll” mode, where information is consumed without active seeking or questioning. Consequently, teenagers may find themselves in an “information cocoon,” their worldview subtly shaped by algorithms rather than by deliberate, diverse inquiry. (结论段：总结危害，提出建设性转向) Therefore, while short videos can be a gateway to curiosity, they are a poor foundation for knowledge. Educators and parents must guide teenagers to view them as prompts for further exploration, steering them towards books, long-form articles, and verified sources to build a coherent and critical understanding of the world. 【篇章结构详解】 整体结构：采用经典的“现象描述 → 分析问题（两大危害）→ 结论建议”的递进式结构。全文逻辑链条为：指出趋势 → 亮明担忧立场 → 从信息结构层面分析危害 → 从用户行为层面深化危害 → 总结并转向建设性建议。 段落功能： 引言段：用“double-edged sword”定下辩证基调，但通过“I am deeply concerned about”明确倾向，论点清晰。 主体段1：主题句直指“结构性缺陷”。论证从格式（brevity）到后果（fragmented understanding），再到对思维习惯的长期影响（trains young minds），层层深入，符合PEEC模型。 主体段2：以“Moreover”递进，从信息本身转向用户行为。分析“被动接受”（passive scroll）和“算法茧房”（information cocoon）两大关联问题，论证更具时代性和深度。 结论段：用“Therefore”强效总结，重申短视频作为“gateway”而非“foundation”的定位，并提出明确的行动方向（引导转向深度资源），使结论不空泛。 逻辑衔接：While..., I am...（转折立论）→ Structurally,...（层面一）→ Moreover,...（层面二递进）→ Consequently,...（推导结果）→ Therefore,...（总结结论）。路标词清晰勾勒全文脉络。 黄金四段式 引言段（Introduction）：引出话题 + 明确立场（核心论点）。 主体段1（Body Paragraph 1）：提出第一个核心论据，并进行解释或例证。 主体段2（Body Paragraph 2）：提出第二个核心论据（或进行让步反驳），进行更深层或更宏观的论证。 结论段（Conclusion）：总结全文，重申立场（升华版），可提出建议或展望。 【变式2-1】（2025年上海市格致中学高三校内模拟） （观点对比类） Some view “lying flat” (choosing a less ambitious, low-pressure lifestyle) as a rational response to societal pressure, while others see it as a negation of personal responsibility and progress. Which perspective do you agree with? Write an essay of about 120-150 words. 【高分范文与结构透视】 范文： I sympathize with the desire behind “lying flat” but ultimately agree with the latter view, as it confuses necessary self-care with a permanent retreat from growth. True well-being stems from engagement and achievement, not from sustained disengagement. Proponents defend it as a tactical withdrawal from toxic competition. In a society obsessed with metrics, pressing pause can be a sanity-preserving act, allowing space for reflection on what truly matters. However, elevating this pause to a life philosophy is detrimental. Human flourishing is inherently linked to striving, creating, and overcoming challenges. Prolonged “lying flat” risks eroding resilience, stifling potential, and leading to existential emptiness. It addresses the symptom (burnout) by avoiding the disease (a misplaced value system), offering no constructive path forward. Thus, a healthier response is not to “lie flat” permanently, but to “recalibrate”—to consciously define one‘s own version of meaningful success, away from societal noise, and pursue it with sustainable effort. This transforms passive resistance into active, responsible self-direction. 结构透视：本文采用了高效的 “让步理解 → 核心驳论 → 建设性重构” 结构。首段明确选择后一观点并精准界定分歧核心。主体段1（让步段） 先公正地陈述对方观点的合理之处（战术性暂停），体现思辨全面性。主体段2（核心驳论段） 以“However”强力转折，从人的发展本质、长期危害和逻辑谬误三个层面，系统批驳将“躺平”作为人生哲学的弊端。结论段 提出更高阶的替代方案“recalibrate”（重新校准），将讨论引向积极、建设性的方向，结构紧凑，驳立结合。 【变式2-2】（2025年上海市闵行区高三英语二模） （辩证分析类）With the rapid development of technology, some people believe that the humanities (e.g., literature, history, philosophy) are becoming less important. What is your view? Write an essay of about 120-150 words. 【高分范文与结构透视】 范文： Far from becoming obsolete, the humanities are more crucial than ever in the age of technology, as they provide the essential ethical compass and contextual understanding that technology itself lacks. Technology tells us “how” to do things with increasing efficiency, but the humanities address the fundamental questions of “why” and “for whom.” For instance, an AI can generate persuasive text, but it is the study of ethics and logic that equips us to judge whether that text is used for manipulation or enlightenment. Furthermore, in a world of algorithmic decisions and virtual interactions, the humanities foster the empathy, critical thinking, and historical perspective necessary for meaningful human connection and responsible citizenship. They remind us of the complexity of human experience, countering the reductionist tendencies of pure data. Therefore, the relationship is not one of replacement but of symbiosis. The ideal education and society should leverage technological power while being guided by humanistic wisdom, ensuring progress remains aligned with human dignity and flourishing. 结构透视：本文采用 “鲜明立论 → 分层论证（功能互补 → 价值升华）→ 结论升华” 的平衡结构。首段 用“Far from...”强势立论，并点明核心价值（提供伦理指南和语境理解）。主体段1 从“功能互补”角度，对比技术解决“如何”（how）与人文解决“为何”（why），例证贴切。主体段2 以“Furthermore”递进，从时代问题（算法决策、虚拟交互）出发，论证人文在培育人性能力（共情、批判思维）方面的不可替代性，论证层面由具体功能上升到社会价值。结论段 提出“共生”（symbiosis）这一高级关系，将对立转化为融合，立意高远。 【变式2-3】（2025年上海市延安中学高三模拟） （建议措施类）Many students experience intense anxiety before giving a class presentation. What practical advice would you give to help them manage this anxiety and deliver more effectively? Write an essay of about 120-150 words. 【高分范文与结构透视】 范文： To transform presentation anxiety into confident delivery, students should focus on mindset shift and systematic preparation, rather than merely seeking to eliminate nerves. First, reframe anxiety as excitement and recognize that the audience is supportive. Physiologically, anxiety and excitement are similar; telling oneself “I am excited” can repurpose the nervous energy. Remembering that classmates and teachers are there to learn from you, not judge you, reduces the perceived threat. Second, master the material through “process-focused” rehearsal. Instead of memorizing a script verbatim, which increases fear of forgetting, structure your content around key points and practice explaining them aloud multiple times in your own words. This builds flexible competence and reduces reliance on perfect recall. Finally, channel attention outward to the message, not inward to the self. Concentrate on the value you are providing to the audience—the interesting idea, the clear explanation. This shift from self-consciousness to purposefulness significantly dampens anxiety and improves engagement. By adopting these strategies, presentation anxiety can be managed and even harnessed, leading to more authentic and effective communication. 结构透视：本文采用 “总起（提出策略核心）→ 分点建议（心理→准备→临场）→ 总结” 的清晰解决问题结构。首段 直接提出应对策略的两个核心方向（mindset shift, systematic preparation），统领全文。三个主体段 分别对应三个具体、可操作且递进的建议：1. 心理重构（内在心态）；2. 准备方法（外在行动）；3. 临场焦点（执行技巧）。每段均遵循“建议+原理/方法”的格式，实用性强。结论段 总结成效，形成闭环。全文结构如同一份清晰的指南，逻辑顺序符合应对焦虑的自然过程。 考向03语言表达 【例3-1】（2025年上海市徐汇区高三英语一模） Many high school students are now “study influencers,” sharing their meticulously planned study schedules and outcomes on social media. While some praise this as motivating, others criticize it for promoting performative studying and anxiety. What’s your view? Write an essay of about 120-150 words. 【高分范文及语言表达透视】 The rise of “study influencers” is a phenomenon fraught with ambivalence. Although it seemingly promotes a culture of diligence, I contend that it predominantly fosters unhealthy comparison and commodifies the authentic learning process. Proponents argue that these curated displays serve as a source of inspiration. Witnessing peers’ structured routines can ostensibly provide a template for the undisciplined, sparking initial motivation. However, this inspiration is often superficial and unsustainable. The flaw lies in the very nature of social media: it showcases highlights, not the mundane struggles integral to deep learning. Consequently, students may mistake aesthetic presentation for substantive achievement, pursuing picture-perfect notes rather than genuine comprehension. This cult of performativity inevitably triggers a sense of inadequacy among viewers, as they measure their behind-the-scenes reality against others’ polished facades. Therefore, while exposure to study methods can be beneficial, the “influencer” model is problematic. True academic growth is a personal, often messy journey, not a performance to be validated by online metrics. Students should be encouraged to focus inward on mastery, not outward on appearances. 【语言表达详解】 开篇立论，用词精准深刻： fraught with ambivalence（充满矛盾）精准定义了现象的复杂性，远超 has two sides。 contend that（主张）比 think that 更书面、有力。 commodifies the authentic learning process（将真实学习过程商品化），commodify一词极具批判性和学术色彩，深刻揭示了本质。 主体论证，句式多样且逻辑严密： 让步段：Proponents argue that...（支持者认为...）客观引述对方观点。ostensibly（表面上）一词暗含怀疑态度，为下文反驳埋下伏笔。 反驳段： 主题句 However, this inspiration is often superficial and unsustainable. 观点明确。 The flaw lies in the very nature of social media...（缺陷在于社交媒体的本质），分析直指根源。 Consequently, ... 引出直接后果，并使用 mistake A for B（将A误认为B）这一精准短语。 This cult of performativity...（这种表演崇拜），cult一词带有贬义，强烈表达批判。 measure their behind-the-scenes reality against others’ polished facades（用自己幕后的现实去衡量他人抛光过的门面）。这是一个极其漂亮的句子：behind-the-scenes reality vs polished facades 形成鲜明对比，measure... against... 短语使用准确，生动刻画了比较心理。 结论升华，表达凝练有力： personal, often messy journey（个人的、通常是混乱的旅程），与上文的 polished facades 形成对比，messy 一词肯定真实学习的非完美性。 validated by online metrics（被网络指标验证），metrics 一词准确概括了点赞、转发等数据。 focus inward on mastery, not outward on appearances（向内专注于掌握，而非向外专注于外表），对仗工整，inward/outward, mastery/appearances 对比强烈，朗朗上口，令人印象深刻。 词汇维度：精准与学术 动词的精准性：避免使用泛泛的 do, make, get。例如，将“make it easier”升级为 facilitate/streamline；“think about carefully” 替换为 contemplate/ponder。 名词的抽象化：善用抽象名词概括现象。例如，不说“people work too hard”，而说 the culture of overwork；不说“people feel tired and sad”，而说 prevalent burnout and anxiety。 形容词/副词的深化：将 very important 替换为 crucial/paramount/indispensable；将 quickly 替换为 rapidly/exponentially。 句式维度：多样与复杂 非谓语动词开路：By doing..., ... / Having realized..., ... 使句子紧凑。 从句嵌套：熟练运用定语从句、名词性从句（特别是主语从句 What matters is...、同位语从句 The fact that... cannot be ignored.）和状语从句（尤其是让步状语 While..., ...）。 虚拟、倒装与强调句：适时使用，画龙点睛。如 Only by doing so can we...（倒装）；It is this intrinsic motivation that drives real progress.（强调句）。 语篇维度：衔接与连贯 逻辑路标词的高级化： 表因果：Thus, Hence, Consequently, As a result, 表对比：In contrast, Conversely, On the other hand, 表让步：Admittedly, Granted, Notwithstanding, 表递进：Furthermore, More importantly, Additionally, 修辞维度：说服与力度 比喻与类比：使抽象概念具象化。如 a double-edged sword, an information cocoon, like navigating without a compass。 设问与排比：增强语势。如 Is it truly beneficial, or are we merely...? / It fosters creativity, encourages collaboration, and ultimately leads to... 【变式3-1】（2025年上海市复旦附中高三校内模拟） （观点对比类Some argue that in the age of AI, learning to code is an essential skill for all students. Others believe it is a specialized skill only relevant for future programmers. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 【高分范文与语言透视】 The debate over universal coding education reflects a deeper divide about the purpose of learning in the 21st century. I side with the former view, not because all students will become programmers, but because coding cultivates a foundational cognitive toolkit applicable far beyond computing. Detractors rightly point out that forcing non-interested students through complex syntax may backfire, breeding frustration. The demand for professional programmers does not justify a blanket curriculum. However, this narrowly vocational perspective misses the broader pedagogical value. Learning to code is, at its core, an exercise in structured problem-solving and logical decomposition. It trains the mind to break down opaque challenges into sequential, executable steps—a mental model invaluable in fields from scientific research to policy analysis. Furthermore, it fosters a creator’s mindset in a digital world where most are merely consumers, demystifying the technologies that shape our lives and enabling critical engagement with them. Hence, coding should be taught not as an end in itself, but as a medium for developing transferable intellectual disciplines. It equips students with a new lens to understand and shape their world, making it an essential component of a contemporary liberal education. 语言亮点： reflects a deeper divide about...（反映了关于…的更深层次分歧），开篇立意高远。 cultivates a foundational cognitive toolkit（培养基础的认知工具包），比喻精当。 narrowly vocational perspective（狭隘的职业化视角），批评精准。 an exercise in structured problem-solving and logical decomposition（在结构化问题解决和逻辑分解上的一次练习），定义深刻。 break down opaque challenges into sequential, executable steps（将不透明的挑战分解为连续的、可执行的步骤），动词短语 (break down) 与形容词 (opaque, sequential, executable) 搭配精准，描述力强。 a creator’s mindset（创造者心态），demystifying the technologies（祛魅科技），a new lens（新的透镜），这些隐喻使抽象概念具体化。 【变式3-2】（2025年上海市虹口区高三英语联考） （建议措施类）To promote well-being, many schools have introduced “mindfulness moments” during the day. Yet, students often treat them as mere breaks. What specific steps could schools take to enhance the effectiveness of these practices? 【高分范文与语言透视】 For mindfulness practices to transcend tokenistic breaks and genuinely enhance student well-being, schools must implement them with intentionality and integration, rather than as isolated add-ons. First, contextual education is paramount. Prior to practice, a brief explanation demystifying the neuroscience behind mindfulness—how it regulates the amygdala and strengthens prefrontal cortex function—can transform it from a vague exercise into a purposeful skill for emotional regulation. Understanding the “why” fosters intrinsic engagement. Second, practice must be scaffolded and varied. Beginning with impossibly long sessions invites failure. Start with 60-second focused breathing exercises, gradually increasing duration and introducing diverse techniques like body scans or gratitude reflections. This builds competence and prevents monotony. Most crucially, teachers should model and integrate. When a teacher pauses before a complex lesson to say, “Let’s all take a moment to center ourselves,” it normalizes the use of mindfulness as a practical tool for focus, not just a scheduled chore. Furthermore, referencing these techniques during moments of classroom stress (e.g., before a test) cements their real-world utility. Through education, scaffolding, and lived integration, mindfulness can evolve from a perfunctory pause into an internalized life skill, equipping students to navigate academic and emotional challenges with greater awareness and resilience. 语言亮点： transcend tokenistic breaks（超越象征性的休息），tokenistic一词精准指出问题本质。 implement them with intentionality and integration（以目的性和融合性的方式来实施），名词化结构 (intentionality) 显书面化。 demystifying the neuroscience behind...（揭开…背后的神经科学面纱），动词生动。 regulates the amygdala and strengthens prefrontal cortex function（调节杏仁核并强化前额叶皮层功能），使用专业术语体现知识面，提升说服力。 fosters intrinsic engagement（培养内在参与度），scaffolded（提供支架式教学），教育学术语准确。 normalizes the use of... as a practical tool for...（将…的使用常态化为一种实用工具），normalize 一词用得巧妙。 cements their real-world utility（巩固它们的实际效用），cement 比喻牢固。 perfunctory pause（敷衍的暂停）与 internalized life skill（内化的生活技能）形成完美对比。 【变式3-3】（2025年上海交通大学附属嘉定实验学校高三模拟） （价值判断类）Some say that reading classic literature is a waste of time for modern students, who should focus on STEM and contemporary issues. What is your opinion? 【高分范文与语言透视】 Dismissing classic literature as an antiquated pursuit is a profound miscalculation. Far from being irrelevant, it provides an indispensable education in enduring human nature, ethical reasoning, and the complexity of the world—precisely what a technically advanced but often morally ambiguous age requires. STEM subjects excel at teaching us how to manipulate the material world, but they are largely silent on questions of meaning, value, and human consequence. A scientist can build an algorithm; it is the humanist, informed by the ethical dilemmas explored in novels from Frankenstein to contemporary works, who must ask whether and how it should be deployed. Classics offer a time-tested gymnasium for the moral imagination. By grappling with the choices of an Antigone or the flawed ambitions of a Macbeth, students exercise their capacity for empathy, critical judgment, and nuanced understanding in a risk-free environment. This cultivates the wisdom to wield technological power responsibly and to navigate the timeless human struggles that persist beneath the surface of modern life. Therefore, classic literature is not an escape from the present, but a crucial lens through which to interpret it. It equips students not just with skills for a career, but with the depth of character necessary for a fulfilling life and a responsible citizenship. 语言亮点： a profound miscalculation（严重的误判），开篇否定坚决有力。 an indispensable education in...（在…方面不可或缺的教育），定义价值。 technically advanced but often morally ambiguous age（技术先进但常在道德上模糊的时代），对比结构精准刻画时代特征。 silent on questions of...（对…问题沉默），拟人化表达生动。 a time-tested gymnasium for the moral imagination（一个经受时间考验的道德想象力健身房），比喻 (gymnasium) 新颖而贴切。 exercise their capacity for...（锻炼他们…的能力），cultivates the wisdom to...（培养…的智慧），动词精准。 a crucial lens through which to interpret it（一个解释当下的关键透镜），完美呼应首段，升华主题。 depth of character（人格深度），表达凝练深刻。 1：（2025届浦东新区一模） 科技与生活平衡 Some people believe that the overuse of smartphones has made face-to-face communication among teenagers less effective. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Give reasons and examples to support your view. 审题要点：讨论“过度使用”的影响，需辩证分析。不能全盘否定科技，要聚焦于“面对面交流有效性”这一核心。 范文核心段落示例： Undeniably, smartphones, when used excessively, can erode the quality of face-to-face interaction. Teenagers constantly checking notifications during conversations exhibit divided attention, undermining the depth and empathy crucial for effective communication. For instance, a discussion about personal struggles loses its significance if the listener’s eyes are glued to a screen. This habitual distraction weakens their ability to interpret nonverbal cues like facial expressions and tone, skills vital for building genuine connections. Therefore, while smartphones connect us globally, their uncontrolled use can indeed create barriers in our immediate social circles. 写作策略：采用“让步承认 + 主体论证 + 结论”结构。举例要具体（如“讨论个人困难时刷手机”），避免空泛。 2：（2025届黄浦区联考） 传统文化传承 With globalization, some traditional festivals are losing their popularity among young people. What measures can be taken to revive young people's interest in these festivals? 审题要点：问题解决型议论文。重点在“措施”（measures），需提出具体、可行、多角度的建议。 范文核心段落示例： Firstly, integrating traditional culture into modern education is fundamental. Schools could design experiential courses, like making zongzi during the Dragon Boat Festival or learning about the origins of the Mid-Autumn Festival, transforming textbook knowledge into hands-on, memorable experiences. Secondly, leveraging social media platforms is key. Creating engaging short videos that explain festival stories with popular animations or music can attract the digital-native generation. Lastly, communities can organize contemporary festival events, such as lantern riddle competitions with modern twists or traditional food fairs, blending the old with the new to foster a sense of community and fun. 写作策略：使用“Firstly, Secondly, Lastly”清晰列举措施。措施涵盖教育、媒体、社区三个层面，体现思考的全面性。 3：（2025届闵行区一模 ） 线上教育与线下教育 The rise of online learning platforms has sparked debate about the future of traditional classrooms. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both and give your own opinion. 审题要点：经典对比讨论题。需平衡论述双方优缺点，最后给出自己有倾向性的观点。 范文核心段落示例： Online learning offers unparalleled flexibility and access to diverse resources, allowing learners to study at their own pace. However, it often lacks the structured environment and immediate teacher feedback of a traditional classroom, which are crucial for maintaining discipline and deepening understanding. Conversely, physical classrooms foster direct peer interaction and teamwork skills but may not cater to individual learning speeds. In my view, the ideal approach is a blended model. Core concepts can be introduced online for self-paced learning, while classroom time is reserved for interactive discussions, hands-on projects, and personalized guidance, thus harnessing the strengths of both. 写作策略：采用“双边讨论 + 个人综合观点”结构。使用“However, Conversely”等衔接词使对比清晰。个人观点提出“混合模式”，体现辩证思维。 4：（2025届徐汇区联考） 人工智能与职业未来 Artificial intelligence is automating many tasks previously done by humans. What impact will this have on the job market, and how should individuals prepare for these changes? 审题要点：分析影响并提出应对方案。影响需包含挑战（失业风险）与机遇（新工种）；准备措施聚焦个人技能提升。 范文核心段落示例： The impact of AI is twofold. It undoubtedly threatens repetitive, routine jobs across sectors like manufacturing and data entry. Yet simultaneously, it creates demand for new roles in AI maintenance, data analysis, and creative fields where human empathy and innovation are irreplaceable. To navigate this shift, individuals must cultivate future-proof skills. Emphasis should be placed on continuous learning, especially in digital literacy, critical thinking, and complex problem-solving. Moreover, developing soft skills such as adaptability and emotional intelligence will become increasingly valuable, as these are areas where humans retain a distinct advantage over machines. 写作策略：用“twofold”统领影响分析。使用“Yet simultaneously”连接正反两面。措施部分区分“硬技能”与“软技能”，逻辑层次分明。 5：（2025届静安区一模 ） 成功的关键因素 Some argue that perseverance is the most important factor for success, while others emphasize talent or opportunity. What’s your view? 审题要点：观点选择型议论文。需明确支持某一因素（如毅力），并论述其为何比其它因素更重要，但不能完全否定其他因素的作用。 范文核心段落示例： While talent provides a head start and opportunity opens doors, it is perseverance that ultimately determines the height of one's achievement. Talent without persistent effort often remains unfulfilled potential, as seen in many child prodigies who fade into obscurity. Opportunities, if not seized and built upon through sustained hard work, can easily slip away. History is replete with examples like Thomas Edison, whose countless failed experiments underscored that success is “1% inspiration and 99% perspiration.” Perseverance enables individuals to overcome inevitable setbacks, refine their skills, and capitalize on opportunities, making it the indispensable engine of long-term success. 写作策略：采用“承认其他因素 + 突出核心因素”的论证方法。引用爱迪生等经典论据增强说服力。 6：（2025届长宁区联考） 社区志愿服务价值 Should high school students be required to complete a certain number of community service hours to graduate? State your opinion and justify it. 审题要点：立场选择型议论文（应该/不应该）。需从对学生自身发展（责任感、技能）和对社会的贡献两个层面论证。 范文核心段落示例： I firmly believe that mandatory community service is a valuable component of education. Beyond academic knowledge, schools have a duty to foster socially responsible citizens. Through volunteering at nursing homes or environmental clean-ups, students develop empathy, practical skills, and a sense of civic duty that textbooks cannot impart. While some may argue it imposes an extra burden, a well-structured program with flexible options can integrate service with learning. The requirement ensures all students, not just the self-motivated ones, gain this transformative experience, ultimately benefiting both their personal growth and community cohesion. 写作策略：开篇明确立场。从“教育责任”、“学生收获”角度论证，并预见性地反驳“增加负担”的潜在异议，使论证更完整。 7：（2025届虹口区一模） 环境保护与个人责任 Some people think environmental protection is the responsibility of governments and large corporations, not individuals. Do you agree? 审题要点：反驳型议论文。需论证个人责任的重要性，可以阐述个人行动的集体力量和对企业/政府的推动作用。 范文核心段落示例： I strongly disagree with this view. While governments and corporations bear significant responsibility, individual actions are the foundation of large-scale change. Collective consumer choices, such as reducing plastic use or opting for sustainable products, create market demand that forces corporations to adopt greener practices. Furthermore, individual voices and lifestyles set social norms and put pressure on policymakers. If everyone assumes their actions are insignificant, the cumulative result is massive waste and pollution. Therefore, individual responsibility is not only valid but essential, as it drives the systemic changes we need from the bottom up. 写作策略：使用“I strongly disagree”直接亮明观点。论证逻辑链为：个人行动 → 影响市场 → 推动企业/政府改变。强调“累积效应”。 8：（2025届杨浦区联考） 纸质书与电子书 With the popularity of e-books, will printed books eventually disappear? Give your reasons. 审题要点：预测评析型。通常立场是“不会完全消失”，需论证纸质书不可替代的价值（触感、收藏、深度阅读等）。 范文核心段落示例： Despite the convenience of e-books, printed books are unlikely to vanish. They offer a tangible, sensory experience—the smell of paper, the weight of a book, the act of turning pages—that many readers find irreplaceable for immersion and memory retention. Printed books also hold cultural and aesthetic value as collectible objects and gifts. Moreover, they reduce eye strain associated with screens and provide a digital detox, fostering uninterrupted focus. Rather than disappearing, printed books will likely evolve into a cherished niche, coexisting with digital formats for different reading purposes and preferences. 写作策略：从“感官体验”、“文化价值”、“健康与专注”多个维度论证纸质书的独特性。结论是“共存”而非“取代”，体现客观性。 9：（2025届普陀区一模） 体育的重要性 Physical education is sometimes considered less important than academic subjects. What is your opinion on the role of PE in high school? 审题要点：价值辩护型议论文。需全面论述体育对身心健康、团队精神、甚至学习效率的促进作用。 范文核心段落示例： PE is not less important, but equally crucial for holistic education. Academics develop the mind, while PE fosters physical health, which is the foundation for all learning. Regular exercise boosts brain function, concentration, and memory, directly enhancing academic performance. Furthermore, team sports teach invaluable life skills like cooperation, leadership, and resilience in the face of defeat. Neglecting PE would lead to a generation plagued by health issues and lacking in social skills. Therefore, a balanced curriculum that prioritizes both physical and mental well-being is essential for cultivating well-rounded, capable individuals. 写作策略：用“not...but...”结构直接反驳。论证逻辑从“健康基础”到“促进学习”再到“培养软技能”，层层递进。 10：（2025届松江区联考） 榜样的力量 Who has a greater influence on teenagers' values and behavior: celebrities or family members? Discuss. 审题要点：比较影响型议论文。通常论证家庭成员的影响更根本、持久，但也不否认名人的短期示范作用。 范文核心段落示例： While celebrities may shape trends and immediate interests, family members exert a deeper and more enduring influence on teenagers' core values and behavior. From early childhood, parents and siblings model daily conduct, ethics, and attitudes towards work and relationships through constant, intimate interaction. This foundational shaping of character is pervasive and subconscious. In contrast, celebrity influence is often distant, curated through media, and may fluctuate with fame. Although a positive celebrity role model can inspire, it is the family that provides the consistent framework of love, guidance, and accountability against which all external influences are measured. 写作策略：明确比较标准：“深度”、“持久性”、“日常性”。通过对比“日常亲密互动”与“ distant, curated media image”，凸显家庭影响的根本性。 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $