Unit 1 Period 2 Grammar and usage（课件）英语译林版必修第三册

该高中英语课件聚焦“省略（ellipsis）”语法点，通过考试前后对话等生活化情境导入，引导学生对比省略句与完整句，结合问题链探索规则，搭建从语境感知到语法归纳的学习支架，帮助学生系统理解省略的定义、分类及用法。 其亮点在于依托真实对话情境培养语言运用能力，通过“探索规则”环节的分析归纳活动提升思维品质，结构化总结与思维导图作业助力知识系统梳理。学生能在情境中掌握语法并迁移运用，教师可借助分层练习和主题融合设计，高效提升教学效果与学生学习效率。

Unit 1 Nature in the balance Grammar & Usage 高中英语译林2020版 必修三 Contents 1. Lead in 2. Exploring the rules 3. Target Grammar Presentation 4. Guided Practice 5. Summary 6. Homework Assignment lead-in (Before the exam) Alice: Hey, Ben! I forgot my pencil—mind lending one? Ben: Got an extra—here you go. Alice: Lifesaver! Thanks a lot. (After the exam) Alice: That math paper was tough! Finished the last question? Ben: Only the first part. Way too hard for me. Alice: Same here. Read the dialogue with your partner. 省略句 完整原句 考点类型 Forgot my pencil—mind lending one? Got an extra—here you go. Lifesaver! Finished the last question? Same here. Can you complete the sentences? 省略句 完整原句 考点类型 Forgot my pencil—mind lending one? I forgot my pencil—do you mind lending one? 1. 主语省略 2. 疑问句助动词省略 Got an extra—here you go. I have got an extra (pencil)—here you go. 主语 + 助动词 + 宾语省略 Lifesaver! You’re a lifesaver! 主语 + 系动词 + 冠词省略 Finished the last question? Did you finish the last question? 疑问句助动词 + 主语省略 Same here. It’s the same situation for me. 固定句式完全省略 Can you complete the sentences? 省略(ellipsis)是指省去可根据上下文语境或情景恢复的句子成分, 是一种避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的语法手段。 Exploring the rules Exploring the rules Read the conversation of part A and answer the following questions. 1. What is the documentary about? 2. How did Jack feel when watching the documentary? 3. What do the leading experts suggest doing to solve the environmental problems? 1. What is the documentary about? It is about environmental protection. /It's about some of the worst environmental problems we are facing today. 2. How did Jack feel when watching the documentary? He felt worried when watching the documentary. 3. What do the leading experts suggest doing to solve the environmental problems? Some call for the application of modern technology, and others a change of lifestyle. Read the conversation of part A and answer the following questions. Ellipsis means the acts of leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately(故意的). We can use ellipsis when the meaning can still be understood without using a word or certain words. In other words, ellipsis is used when you do not want to repeat some words or phrases whose meaning is obvious. Using ellipsis is an efficient way to make sentences concise. Think about the following questions: 1. What is ellipsis? 2. When can we use ellipsis? 3. What's the function of ellipsis? Exploring the rules Write down the words that have been left out in the conversation on page 6. No, I didn’t ( ). 2. You can watch it online if you want to ( ). 3. I felt worried when ( ) watching the documentary. 4. Some call for the application of modern technology, and others ( ) a change of lifestyle. 5. ( ) Got any ideas? 6. ( ) Sounds great! I was watch it call for Have you It/That watch the documentary about environmental protection on TV yesterday repeating informal Presentation 英语中存在多种多样的省略现象，句子中既可以省略主语、谓语、谓语的一部分或宾语，也可以一起省略主语和谓语。省略可使语言更加简洁，意思更加明确，句子结构更加紧凑。 Ellipsis 简单句中的省略 并列句中的省略 复合句中的省略 其他 宾语从句中的省略 状语从句中的省略 定语从句中的省略 介词的省略 替代词so等的省略 动词不定式的省略 1.祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语 2.当上、下或前、后两个句子的宾语一致时，下句或后句常省略宾语 (You) Shut up! 住嘴！ —Do you know Miss Gao? —I don’t know (her)． 简单句中的省略 3.主语和谓语都很明确，此时为了简化或显得亲切等 (You come) This way, please. (省略了主语和谓语) 1. Have a seat, please! 2. Looks like rain. 3. Let’s do the dishes. I’ll wash and you dry. 4. Got any idea about the plan? You have a seat, please! It looks like rain. Let's do the dishes . I'll wash the dishes and you dry the dishes. Have you got any idea about the plan? 即时演练 补全下列省略句 并列句中的省略 1．省略共同的主语或宾语。 Tom picked up a book on the floor and (Tom) handed it to his teacher. 2．若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。 Jim must have been swimming and Mary (must have been) doing her homework. 3．若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。 His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry. 4．若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。 He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn’t (have a knowledge of first aid)． 1.Some of us study Japanese, and others study English. Some of us study Japanese, and others study English. 2.He gave up drinking several months, but he returned to his old way later. He gave up drinking several months, but he returned to his old way later. 3.My friend didn’t come to school, but I wonder why he/she didn’t come to school. My friend didn’t come to school, but I wonder why he/she didn’t come to school. 即时演练2 写出下列句中可以省略的部分 1．宾语从句的省略 (1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。 I truly believe (that) beauty comes from within. (2)when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。 I know that a movie star will come to our city but I don’t know when (he will come to our city)． 复合句中的省略 2．定语从句的省略 (1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom, which, that可省略(但whom, which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。 The exact year (which/that) Angela and her family spent together in China was 2018. (2)修饰way的关系词that/in which可以省略。 The way (that/in which) he speaks to us is really annoying. 比较： 原句：I still remember the day when we first met. 省略句：I still remember the day we first met. 原句：This is the place where we had our picnic last week. 省略句：This is the place we had our picnic last week. 原句：Do you know the reason why he was late? 省略句：Do you know the reason he was late? 复合句中的省略 3．状语从句的省略 (1)在when, while, if, as if, though, although, as, until, once, whether, unless, whenever等连接的状语从句中，当从句主语跟主句的主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be或从句的主语为it时，则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。 Will you be free this Sunday? If (it is) so, let’s go camping. 这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。 复合句中的省略 （2）在than, as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。 They don’t use more water than (it is) necessary. 他们使用的水没有超出需要量。 注意：并非所有的状语从句都可以省略主语和be动词，由after, before, because等词引导的状语从句一般要改写成介词短语等，用动名词代替be动词。 Because he was ill, he didn’t attend the meeting. →Because of being ill, he didn’t attend the meeting.(正) (1)当不定式在形容词afraid, anxious, eager, glad, happy, ready, willing等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。 You can’t force him to answer the question if he’s not ready to (answer the question)． 如果他不愿意回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。 (2)某些使役动词，如make, let, have等和感官动词，如see, watch, notice, observe, hear等后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不省略。 We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom. She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom. (3)并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不能省略to。 He likes to swim more than (to) skate. 比起溜冰他更喜欢游泳。 He believes it important to study rather than to make friends. (对比)他认为最重要的是学习而不是交朋友。 动词不定式的省略 (4)当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，to后的内容常可省略。常见的动词有agree, afford, expect, forget, hope, know, manage, pretend, remember, refuse, want, wish, would like等。 I would do it for you, but I don’t know how to (do it for you)． 我愿意为你做这件事，但是我不知怎么去做。 (5)介词but, except (除了) 前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式不带to。 All he could do was nothing but wait and see. 他所能做的只有等着瞧。 (6)当不定式在be going to, be able to, have to, ought to, used to后作复合谓语时，不定式可省略。 They didn’t visit their parents as much as they ought to (visit their parents)．他们应该多看望父母，但他们没有。 动词不定式的省略 1. The traditional goal of science is to discover how things are, not how they ought ______. A. to            B. to be             C. be                 D. have been 2. —Did you work in the lab every afternoon? —No, but sometimes, I wish I ______. A. had time to     B. had time to do     C. have time to       D. have time 3. —I hope the children won’t touch the dog. —I’ve warned them ______. A. not           B. not to            C. not touch           D. not do 4. Some students are going to China in summer vacation, and ______. A. some are to America       B. some going to America C. some to America           D. some America 即时训练 B A B C (1)一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构有： have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. (2)表示时间的介词at, on和in在next, last, this, these, yesterday, tomorrow, one, any, every, each, some等词之前时，一般省略。 (3)使用so, not等时的省略 在英语中可以用so, not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整句。 —Can you finish your work today? —I think so. —I don’t think so./I think not. 介词的省略 (1) 口号或标语 No parking. (Parking is not allowed here.) Quiet! (You should be quiet here.) (2) 书名、电影名、报刊标题等 Turandot on stage (The opera Turandot is being performed on stage.) (2) 惯常用语、祝福等 Best wishes. (I give you my best wishes.) 补充：一些特殊结构中的省略 Guided Practice Find the mistakes and rewrite the sentences using ellipsis. 1. I cannot watch the documentary this weekend, though I would like. _____________________________________ _____________________________ I cannot watch the documentary this weekend, though I would like to. Reason: We cannot leave out to in infinitives when using ellipsis.使用省略时，不能省略不定式。 2. Cows live on land, and fish the water. __________________________________ Cows live on land, and fish in the water. Reason: Different prepositions are used and they can’t be left out.使用不同的介词时不能省略。 Applying the rules 3. The Amazon rainforest is smaller now than was 50 years ago. ______________________________________ ___________________ Reason: When using ellipsis in clauses with the same pattern, the subject and the verb should be left out altogether.在句型相同的从句中使用省略时，应同时省略主语和动词。 4. He had planned to borrow a book on environmental protection, but he didn’t do. ________________________________________ ____________________________ Reason: When using ellipsis in compound sentences, the part behind the auxiliary verb should be left out altogether.在并列句中使用省略时，应完全省略助动词后面的部分。 He had planned to borrow a book on environmental protection, but he didn’t. The Amazon rainforest is smaller now than 50 years ago. 5. When taking photos of wildlife, every effort should be made to ensure that we keep away from the animals. ______________________________________ ______________________________________ _____________________. When taking photos of wildlife, we should make every effort to ensure that we keep away from the animals Reason: When using ellipsis in adverbial clauses, we need to make sure that the subject of the main clause is the same as the subject of the subordinate clause.在从句中使用省略时，需要确保主句的主语与从句的主语相同。 Have you ever dreamed of __1__(fly) through the air like a bird? If activities like water skiing or jet skiing sound like your idea of summer fun, now you can try flyboarding，__2__ new water sport that is catching on around the world. Flyboarding makes use of the __3______(power) engine of a jet ski to push water through an industrial hose (软管) ____4____ (connect) to a board. The user fastens his or her feet onto the board and the force of the water pushes it into the air above the water. Balance, shifting the board and body are methods used ___5___ (control) direction, allowing users to either move above the water __6__ dive below. The pressure of the water is typically controlled by an instructor, and depending __7 __ how much is used through the hose, users can go anywhere from 5 to 35 feet in the air. A quick training period before your flight __8 __(provide)，but some companies even communicate with you through a headset during your flight for extra guidance.Flyboarding is __9 __ (general) considered safe, but height, weight and age restrictions vary across the country, so __ (be) sure to check ahead of time if you're planning an adventure. flying a powerful connected to control or Practice on/upon is provided generally be 根据中英文提示翻译句子，注意使用本课时所学的省略语法  1. 他们自认为是计算机专家。  They consider themselves ________________________. 2. 我第一次见她就觉得她坦率而热情。  ____________________________the first time I met her. 3. 必要时你可以参考字典之类的工具书。  You can refer to reference books such as a dictionary ________________________. 4. 我让简走，可他却让简留下来。  I asked Jane to go but ________________________. 5. 我所说的让那个男孩不安，却让他的姐姐开心。  What I said made the boy upset but ________________________. computer experts I thought her frank and enthusiastic when necessary he to stay his sister happy 6. 会议一旦开始，就持续长达两个小时。  ________________________, the meeting lasted for two hours. 7. 学生们如果准备好了，通过考试是不成问题的。  The students, ________________________, will pass the examination without much difficulty. 8. 当与水混合时，面粉成了一个松软的面团。  ________________________the powder forms a soft paste. 9. 在高中你要拼尽全力；否则，很快就会落后。  In high school, you should try your best. ______, you will fall behind soon. 10. 你抽烟吗？如果你抽，你考虑过周围人的感受吗？  Do you smoke? ______, have you considered the feelings of people around? Once begun if well prepared When mixed with water If not If so Jack is sharing with his classmates his experience of taking part in a forest clean-up activity. Use ellipsis where necessary. Put brackets around the word(s) that can be left out. Summary 1. 省略的概念： 为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个句子成分。 2. 省略的情况 (1) 简单句中的省略： ① 省略主语②省略主语或谓语的一部分 ③省略宾语④省略表语⑤同时省略几个句子成分 (2) 并列句中的省略： 两个并列分句中，后一分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分 (3) 复合句中的省略： ①主句中的省略②定语从句中的省略 ③宾语从句中的省略 ④状语从句中的省略 (4) 其他省略： ①不定式符号to的省略 ② 条件从句中有should, were或had时可省略if, 但要将should, were或had提至句首 ③一些特殊结构中的省略 Summary Homework Finish exercise C on Page 58. Make a detailed mind map of ellipsis, including its definition and common usage scenarios. Thank you for your listening！ $