专题05 非谓语动词（复习讲义）（天津专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习资料围绕非谓语动词专题，系统整合不定式、现在分词、过去分词、动名词及独立主格五大核心考点，依据高考命题规律按功能用法分层架构，通过考点精解梳理命题轨迹、知能架构构建知识网络、考点攻坚分模块突破，结合真题训练与方法指导，帮助学生建立完整知识体系。 资料创新采用情境化教学策略，如现在分词考点以音乐会取消场景分析结果状语逻辑，通过“主被动关系+动作状态+语境时间”三重匹配法培养思维品质。设置高考真题与分层模拟题训练，配合命题解读深化语言能力，助力教师精准把控复习节奏，高效提升学生应试技能。

专题05 非谓语动词 01 析·考点精解 1 02 构·知能架构 2 03 破·考点攻坚 2 考点一 不定式 2 考点二 现在分词 9 考点三 过去分词 16 考点四 动名词 24 考点五 独立主格 29 01 析·考点精解 命题轨迹透视 近 5 年天津高考英语单项选择非谓语动词部分主要以做状语和定语为主；兼有非谓语动词做主语、做宾语、做宾语补足语、With的复合结构等。 考点频次总结 考点 2025 年 2024 年 2023 年 2022 年 2021 年 不定式 首考 5 二考4 无 二考6 二考14 现在分词 无 首考 14 首考 7 二考10，15 二考9 首考 9 过去分词 首考 6 首考7 二考11 无 首考 2 无 动名词 无 无 无 无 无 独立主格 二考9 无 无 无 无 2026命题预测 考查非谓语动词在语境中的正确应用，重语篇统领与语境推理；素养上深考思维，融文化于语法，强化实用与文化自信。未来命题仍旧主要以做状语和定语为主。 02 构·知能架构 03 破·考点攻坚 考点一 不定式 1．（2025·天津·高考真题）________ the audience, the speaker prepared a detailed and engaging presentation. A．Impressing B．To impress C．Being impressed D．Impressed 命题解读 新情境：锚定演讲准备的真实交际场景，强化语用关联性 情境特点：题干创设了 “演讲者准备演示文稿” 的真实场景，聚焦 “行为（准备文稿）与目的（打动听众）” 的逻辑关系，贴近学生未来可能接触的校园演讲、职场汇报等真实语言使用场景。 新考法：聚焦非谓语动词的 “功能区分”，规避形式化考查 考法突破：传统考题常侧重非谓语动词的 “时态、语态” 形式辨析，本题则核心考查非谓语动词的功能差异—— 即 “表目的”“表伴随”“表被动” 的功能区分： ① 先通过 “动作主被动关系” 排除表被动的 C、D 选项； ② 再通过 “行为与目的的逻辑” 排除表伴随的 A 选项； ③ 最终锁定表目的的不定式结构 B。 新角度：以 “隐性目的逻辑” 为切入点，考查逻辑推理能力 角度设计：本题的解题关键不是显性的语法标志词，而是 **“准备文稿” 与 “打动听众” 之间的隐性目的逻辑 **。命题人没有直接给出 “为了……” 的提示词，而是通过场景本身的逻辑关系，倒逼学生判断非谓语动词的功能 —— 演讲者的核心意图是通过文稿打动听众，因此需要选择表目的的结构。 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了给听众留下深刻印象，这位演讲者精心准备了一份详尽且引人入胜的演讲内容。“准备演示文稿”的目的是“为了给观众留下深刻印象”，不定式To impress表目的，符合语境。故选B。 2．（2024·天津·高考真题）From the first explorers to today's travelers, humans have always had a desire _________ new places. A．to discover B．to be discovering C．to be discovered D．to have discovered 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从第一批探险者到今天的旅行者，人类一直抱有发现新领域的渴望。discover意为“发现”，与句子主语humans构成逻辑上的主谓关系，应用to discover作desire的后置定语。故选A。 3．（2022·天津·高考真题）________ his restless students occupied with an indoor sport on rainy days, James Naismith created basketball. A．To be kept B．Kept C．To keep D．Keeping 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了让精力充沛的学生能够在雨天待在室内活动，James Naismith创造了篮球。分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词形式，结合句意可知，此处意为“为了”表示目的，所以该处为不定式作目的状语,且keep与逻辑主语James Naismith之间为主动关系。故选C项。 4．（2021·天津·高考真题）Mary became a baker at age 14, because her grandfather paid the local baker ________ her all the skills. A．to have taught B．to teach C．teaching D．having taught 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词的固定结构。句意：玛丽在14岁时成为了一名面包师，因为她的祖父付钱给当地的面包师来教她所有的技能。短语pay sb. to do sth.，意为“雇佣某人做某事”，根据句意，故选B。 5．（2017·天津·高考真题）________ more about amazing animal facts, he made a trip to the nearby nature reserve. A．Finding out B．Found out C．To find out D．Being found out 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了了解更多关于神奇动物的事实，他去了附近的自然保护区。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语。故选C。 6．（2020·天津·高考真题）______ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes. A．To help B．Helped C．Helping D．Being helped 【答案】A 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意:为了帮助我们准备考试，老师建议通读我们的笔记。分析句子结构可知，老师建议我们诵读笔记是”为了“帮助我们准备考试。故表目的，应用动词不定式。故选A。 7．（2020·天津·高考真题）The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection ____________ economic growth. A．to be promoted B．being promoted C．promoting D．to promote 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：地方政府不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。通过分析句子成分并翻译语境可知，句中存在谓语doesn't have to sacrifice，空中需使用非谓语动词且表示目的性关系，因此使用动词不定式形式。故选D项。 8．（2019·天津·高考真题）The sign on the wall of the library says, “No magazine is allowed out of the reading room”. A．being taken B．to take C．to be taken D．taking 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：图书馆墙上的牌子上写着：“杂志不允许带出阅览室。”be allowed to do“被允许做”。根据句意可知，此处应使用被动式。故C选项正确。 9．（2017·天津·高考真题）I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ________. A．catching B．caught C．to catch D．to be caught 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在整个会议期间我一直在看钟表，因为我要去赶火车。have在本句中意为“有”，根据固定结构Sb have sth to do某人有某事要做，在本句中to do由主语完成，故选C。 【点睛】本句考查的是have的复合结构：have+宾语+非谓语，既是重点又是难点。对于have的复合结构，非谓语用什么形式，首先确定have的词义，是“有”还是“让”，have（有）+ sth to do sth (由主语完成）；have（让）+宾语+do / doing / done (用哪种形式需要具体分析），所以要正确理解句意和本结构的具体用法，灵活掌握才能把题作对。 10．（2014·天津·高考真题）Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _________ it didn’t fit A．to find B．found C．finding D．having found 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她焦急地从包里拿出裙子试穿，结果却发现不合身。only +动词不定式，表示意想不到的结果。found是过去分词，常常表示被动和完成的含义；finding是现在分词，常常表示主动和进行；having found 是-ing的完成式，表示动作发生在先。故选A。 11．（2011·天津·高考真题）Passengers are permitted ________ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. A．to carry B．carrying C．to be carried D．being carried 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：乘客只被允许带一件手提行李上飞机。此处是短语：permit sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，被动语态是：sb. be permitted to do。故选A。 12．（2009·天津·高考真题）______ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends. A．Competing B．Having completed C．To have completed D．To complete 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了及时完成这个项目，员工们周末都在工作。根据后句the staff were working at weekends.可知，在周末一直在工作的目的就是按时完成工程，所以用不定式做目的状语。故选D。 （1 )不定式所做成分 To climb the mountain road was hard work but to go down the hills was great fun.(作主语) His ambition is to become an actor.(作表语) I am always the first person to get to the office.(作定语) David threatened to report his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.(作宾语) *常见的接不定式作宾语的动词有：afford, aim, ask, begin, care, continue, decide, demand等 He felt it necessary to learn Spanish. (consider/feel/find/make/think+it+宾补+to do sth) My adviser encouraged me to take a summer course to improve my writing skill.(作宾语补足语) 注意：有些感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾语补足语时,通常不带to。如：see/watch/notice/observe let/have/make /hear/listen to/feel They made me wait while they checked everyone’s air tickets. 感官动词和使役动词make用于被动语态时,做主语补足语的不定式要带to。 Tom doesn’t have to be made to learn. He always works hard. （2 )不定式的被动语态 James Ryan is the fourth brother to be involved in the Second World War. His first book to be published next month is based on a true story. 注意：在easy/difficult/hard/comfortable等形容词作表语或构成复合宾语时,其后不定式通常用主动形式。例如： This sentence is difficult to translate. They found the lecture hard to understand. to blame 作表语时,用主动形式表示被动含义。 Who is to blame for it? （3 )疑问词+不定式结构 疑问词who, what, which, when, where, how等后加上不定式相当于名词性从句。同样一句话,英语里可用从句和不定式结构来表达,意思没有区别。 I didn’t know how to get back to the village. He told us whether to have a picnic was still under discussion. （4 )不定式的复合结构 Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it to reuse. It’s cruel of them to kill animals. (在kind, silly, foolish, stupid, careless, cruel, rude, clever等表示人物特征的形容词后接不定式的复合结构时,介词用of, 说明不定式指谁的情况。) 1．（2025·天津河北·二模）We’d better put off interviewing the athlete, for he is busy preparing for an international contest in Beijing soon. A．held B．to hold C．being held D．to be held 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们最好推迟采访这位运动员，因为他正忙于准备一场不久后将在北京举行的国际比赛。根据句意和句子结构可知，for后的原因状语从句的谓语动词是is，空格处是非谓语动词，hold与contest之间是被动关系，此处需要表示“将要被举行的国际比赛”，所以应该用不定式的被动形式to be held作后置定语，修饰名词短语an international contest。故选D。 2．（2025·天津北辰·三模）The new technology in the movie Ne Zha II is so amazing that it makes the characters ________ vividly on the screen. A．to come B．come C．coming D．came 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：电影《哪吒2》中的新技术如此惊人，以至于让角色在屏幕上栩栩如生。从句谓语为makes，本空为非谓语动词，make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”。本空用省略to的不定式come，作宾补。故选B。 3．（2025·天津和平·一模）She searched the entire house for her keys, only________them resting on the kitchen counter where she had left them. A．finding B．to have found C．to find D．found 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她找遍了整个房子来寻找她的钥匙，结果却发现钥匙就在她之前放的那个厨房台面上。本句谓语为searched，此处为非谓语动词。“only+不定式”表示出乎意料的结果，所以要用find“发现”的不定式形式，作结果状语。故选C。 4．（24-25高三上·天津南开·期末）If you’re old enough to earn a wage and pay taxes, you should be allowed ________ a say on how the government spends them! A．having had B．being had C．having D．to have 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你年龄足够大，可以挣工资和纳税，你应该被允许对政府如何使用这些钱有发言权！表示“被允许做某事”短语为be allowed to do sth.，故空处应用不定式形式to have。故选D。 5．（2024·天津南开·二模）_________ early for the competition, she set the alarm clock. A．Getting up B．To get up C．Get up D．Having got up 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了早早起床参加比赛，她设了闹钟。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入非谓语动词，此处表示目的，所以用动词不定式。故选B。 6．（2024·天津南开·一模）Kathy reached the company out of breath only ________ she was fired. A．told B．to be told C．being told D．having told 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：凯西上气不接下气地赶到公司，却被告知她被解雇了。此处为only to do sth.，不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，且tell与Kathy构成被动关系，故用to be done形式。故选B。 7．（2024·天津和平·一模）The actor is believed ______ the TV drama soon due to personal reasons. A．to have left B．to leave C．to be left D．to have been left 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据信，由于个人原因，这位演员很快就会离开这部电视剧。be believed to do意为“据信做某事”，leave“离开”和The actor逻辑上是主动关系，不需要用被动语态，可排除C和D项，且结合“soon”可知，leave的行为没有已经完成，不需要用完成式。故选B。 8．（2023·天津南开·一模）Given that the theme of the Expo was________ cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation, Dunhuang was the ideal place. A．to promote B．having promoted C．to be promoted D．promoted 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：考虑到世博会的主题是促进文化交流和加强相互合作，敦煌是一个理想的地方。此处说明theme的内容用不定式作表语，且主语the theme of the Expo与promote是逻辑主动关系，故选A。 9．（2023·天津南开·二模）________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones. A．Enjoying B．Enjoyed C．To enjoy D．Having enjoyed 【答案】C 【详解】考查不定式。句意：为了享受数字支付的便利，许多老人开始使用智能手机。A. Enjoying享受；B. Enjoyed享受；C. To enjoy为了享受；D. Having enjoyed享受过。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语started，空处应为非谓语动词，结合句意可知表示目的，应用不定式，故选C项。 10．（2023·天津河东·一模）It takes a bit of practice________ comfortable when foreigners learn to use chopsticks to eat. A．feeling B．to feel C．felt D．to be felt 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当外国人学习用筷子吃饭时，需要一些练习才能感到舒服。分析句子结构可知，此处应为it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语，feel为系动词与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，所以使用不定式的主动形式to feel作真正的主语。故选B项。 考点二 现在分词 1．（2024·天津·高考真题）The organizers had to cancel the outdoor concert due to the sudden thunderstorm, _________ many eager fans who had been waiting for hours. A．disappointing B．to disappoint C．having disappointed D．Disappointed 命题解读 新情境：锚定 “突发状况导致活动取消” 的生活场景，强化语用真实性 情境特点：题干创设了 “雷雨突袭→音乐会取消→歌迷失望” 的连贯生活场景，聚焦 “事件 - 结果” 的因果逻辑，贴近学生可能经历的户外演出、赛事取消等真实情境。 新考法：聚焦非谓语动词作结果状语的 “功能分层”，反套路设置干扰项 考法突破：传统考题常侧重非谓语动词的 “主被动、时态” 形式辨析，本题则核心考查不同非谓语形式作结果状语的功能差异： ① 先通过 “结果属性” 排除表目的的不定式 B； ② 再通过 “动作先后顺序” 排除完成式 C； ③ 最后通过 “逻辑主语主被动关系” 排除过去分词 D； ④ 最终锁定表 “自然结果” 的现在分词 A。 新角度：以 “隐性因果逻辑” 为切入点，考查语境推理能力 角度设计：本题的解题关键不是显性的语法标志词，而是 **“音乐会取消” 与 “歌迷失望” 之间的隐性因果逻辑 **。命题人没有直接提示 “结果状语”，而是通过场景本身的逻辑关系，倒逼学生判断非谓语动词的功能 ——“取消音乐会” 必然导致 “歌迷失望”，因此需要选择表自然结果的非谓语形式。 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于突然的雷暴天气，组织者不得不取消了户外音乐会，使得等待了几个小时的粉丝们非常失望。此处作状语，表示“自然而然的结果”，户外音乐会的取消让粉丝们失望，故应用现在分词作结果状语，故选A。 2．（2023·天津·高考真题）The Palace Museum has the most remarkable collection of fine clocks in the world, mainly _________ from Europe and China. A．originating B．originated C．being originated D．having originated 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：故宫博物院收藏了世界上最精美的钟表，主要来自欧洲和中国。句中有谓语has，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰fine clocks，且动词originate(源于)和fine clocks是主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语，故选A。 3．（2023·天津·高考真题）_________ several adjustments to the design for two months, the engineer eventually succeeded in building a highly efficient system. A．Trying B．Tried C．Having tried D．Having been tried 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在两个月的时间里，这位工程师对设计尝试了几次调整，最终成功地构建了一个高效的系统。本句谓语为succeeded，此处应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语the engineer与try“尝试”为主动关系，且此处强调动作try发生在谓语succeeded之前，应用现在分词的完成式having tried，作状语。故选C。 4．（2023·天津·高考真题）________ back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history. A．Dating B．Being dated C．To date D．To be dated 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：京剧的起源可以追溯到18世纪，距今已有200多年的历史。date back to“追溯到，始于”，其后接表示具体时间的名词，没有被动语态；根据句中已有谓语动词has，且无连词，可知此处要用非调语动词，此处是现在分词形式作状语。故选A。 5．（2022·天津·高考真题）The city temperatures have returned from record low to normal, ________ the citizens to enjoy the outdoors again. A．allowing B．being allowed C．having allowed D．having been allowed 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个城市的温度已经从历史最低温度回归正常，使得人们又重新开始享受户外活动。分析句子可知，句子谓语动词是have returned，allow用非谓语动词形式作状语，根据句意，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语，故选A。 6．（2021·天津·高考真题）China's National Highway 318, ________ over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Xizang, is known as the "heavenly road“ for its amazing views. A．to extend B．extended C．extending D．being extended 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的国道318号，从上海到西藏樟木，延伸出5000多公里，因为它的令人赞叹的景观，被熟知为“天堂之路”。分析句子成分可知，is known as是整个句子的谓语动词，所以空格处应填非谓语动词，extend与主语China's National Highway 318之间的关系为主动，所以用extending。故选C。 7．（2020·天津·高考真题）The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet ______ for 10 minutes at the end of the show. A．being clapped B．clap C．clapped D．clapping 【答案】D 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意:舞蹈演员令人难以置信的表演使观众站起来鼓掌达十分钟之久。该题中，have表示“使……处于……状态”。______ for 10 minutes作伴随状语，其逻辑主语the audience和clap之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。故选D。 8．（2018·天津·高考真题）Mrs. Taylor went around the shops, ______ what she thought was necessary. A．ordered B．ordering C．to have ordered D．having been ordered 【答案】B 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：泰勒太太逛了商店，订购了她认为必要的东西。分析句子可知，Mrs. Taylor 与order在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故选B项。 9．（2019·天津·高考真题） volcanoes for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage. A．To study B．Studying C．Having studied D．Studied 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词辨析。句意：在研究火山多年之后，我仍然对它们的美丽以及它们造成巨大破坏的潜力感到惊讶。study与主语是逻辑主谓关系，且强调“研究”发生在主句谓语动作之前，应使用现在分词的完成式。故C选项正确。 10．（2016·天津·高考真题）The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, ____ air conditioning unnecessary. A．making B．to make C．made D．being made 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：冷风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来，使得没有必要开空调了。前面的事情造成后面的结果，用现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。不定式也可以作结果状语，但是那是预料不到的结果。本句描述的是一种顺理成章的结果。故选A。 【名师点睛】判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。这道题还有一个考点就是同样是结果状语从句，现在分词和不定式用法也不同，还要结合语境判断符合哪一个，来加以判断。 11．（2017·天津·高考真题） The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ more patients to be treated. A．being allowed B．allowing C．having allowed D．allowed 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：近期这个医院购进了新的医疗设备，允许更多的病人被治疗。前句购进医疗设备和后面允许更多的病人被治疗之间是必然的结果关系，用doing即现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。A. being allowed表示被动且正在进行；C. having allowed 强调先于谓语动词发生；D. allowed表示被动且完成，故选B。 【点睛】判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。 12．（2008·天津·高考真题）________ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. A．To throw B．Thrown C．Being thrown D．Throwing 【答案】D 【详解】考查现在分词做状语。句意：获胜球队的粉丝把帽子扔到天空，他们发出胜利的欢呼。分析句子结构可知，逗号前的部分充当状语，故用非谓语动词，the fans和throw是主动关系，故用现在分词形式，故选Ｄ。 13．（2015·天津·高考真题） __________ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. A．To work B．Worked C．To be working D．Having worked 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：工作了两天，Steve成功的按时完成了他的报告。句中的逻辑主语为Steve，与work之间为主动关系，故用现在分词，这里用having worked，表示动作的先后性。故选D。 14．（2012·天津·高考真题）He got up late and hurried to his office, _______ the breakfast untouched. A．left B．to leave C．leaving D．having left 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他起晚了，没有吃早饭就匆忙赶往办公室。he与leave是主谓关系，即他让......处于某种状态，应该用现在分词表伴随状况，排除A、B；“hurried”和“leaving”两个动作是同时发生的，当两个动作有时间先后关系时，需要使用现在分词的完成式，排除D；leave the breakfast untouched没有动早餐，故选C。 15．（2010·天津·高考真题）It rained heavily in the south，________serious floods in several provinces. A．caused B．having caused C．causing D．to cause 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：南方下了大雨，在几个省区造成严重洪灾。空格后serious flooding是rained heavily的后果，而且句子主语it和cause之间存在主动关系，所以此处要用动词的ing形式作结果状语。故选C。 （1 )现在分词所作成分 It is believed that if a book is interesting, it will surely interest the reader. (作表语) I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. (作补足语) The room is empty except for a bookshelf standing in one corner. (作定语) A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, killing all four people on board. (作状语) （2 )现在分词的时态和语态 形式 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 Doing Being done 完成式 Having done Having been done 1) 现在分词的一般式表示其动作正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生:现在分词的完成式表示其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。例如： Walking down the street, he heard someone calling him. Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early. 2) Being taught by the two gentlemen, Eliza made great progress. Having been shown around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. (逻辑主语we与show是被动关系,且分词的动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前,故用现在分词的完成被动式) 1．（2025·天津滨海新·三模）When it comes to AI application in healthcare, we can see intelligence systems ______ patients for precise monitoring. A．being tracked B．tracked C．tracking D．to track 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当谈到人工智能在医疗保健中的应用时，我们可以看到智能系统跟踪患者进行精确监控。句中谓语是can see，空格处用非谓语动词，systems和track之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词表主动，作宾语补足语，故选C。 2．（2025·天津和平·三模）Tibetan antelope’s presence breathes life into the winter landscape of the plateau, ________ a harmonious ecosystem and natural beauty. A．To have presented B．presented C．presenting D．having presented 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：藏羚羊的存在为高原的冬季景观注入了生机，展现了和谐的生态系统与自然之美。分析句子可知，此空考查非谓语，前面句子与present为主动关系，再由语境可知，藏羚羊的“存在”与“展现生态”是同一过程的两个方面，所以这里应用现在分词presenting作伴随状语。故选C项。 3．（2025·天津河东·二模）In the 2024 Paris Olympics, the Chinese sports delegation won 40 gold medals, ______ the first on the gold medal list. A．to rank B．ranking C．ranked D．having ranked 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在2024年巴黎奥运会上，中国体育代表团赢得40枚金牌，排名金牌榜第一。空处为非谓语动词，与上文为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故选B项。 4．（2025·天津南开·一模）Medical research suggests that consuming dark chocolate releases certain compounds in the brain ______ people to experience a sense of pleasure and relaxation. A．to have caused B．having caused C．causing D．caused 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：医学研究表明，食用黑巧克力会在大脑中释放某些化合物，使人们体验到愉悦和放松的感觉。that引导的宾语从句中已有谓语releases，空处作非谓语动词，cause与逻辑主语compounds之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式表示主动意义。故选C项。 5．（2025·天津和平·二模）She was furious when she found her younger sister ________ on her clothes. A．try B．being tried C．having tried D．trying 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当她发现妹妹在试穿她的衣服时，她大发雷霆。空处是宾补，try和宾语her younger sister之间是主动关系，且表示动作正在进行，应用现在分词作宾补，故选D。 6．（20-21高三上·天津和平·期末）______ it many times, I still can’t make Tom understand what I said. A．Explained B．Having explained C．To explain D．Having been explained 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然解释了很多次，我还是不能让汤姆明白我说的话。此处需要使用非谓语动词作状语，explain与其逻辑主语I是主动关系，且发生在谓语动作之前，因此需要使用现在分词的完成式，即having explained。故选B。 7．（2025·天津河东·一模）Hurricane Sandy, one of the biggest storms ever, hit the East Coast of the US on Oct. 29, ______ the transportation there. A．shut down B．to shut down C．shutting down D．having shut down 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：飓风桑迪，有史以来最大的风暴之一，于10月29日袭击了美国东海岸，使那里的交通瘫痪了。本句谓语为hit，此处为非谓语动词。句子主语Hurricane Sandy和shut down“使……停止运转”之间是主动关系，所以应用现在分词，作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故选C。 8．（2025·天津河北·一模）The YangBOT program at the 2025 CCTV Spring Festival Gala, _________ thousands of “likes” and lots of good comments from the public online, is a perfect mix of China’s tech progress and cultural pride. A．drawn B．having drawn C．to draw D．having been drawn 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：2025年中央电视台春节联欢晚会（CCTV Spring Festival Gala）上的《秧BOT》节目，在网络上收获了数千个“点赞”以及众多公众的好评，完美融合了中国的技术进步与文化自豪。句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，The YangBOT program和draw之间是逻辑主谓关系，且动作已完成，因此空格处用现在分词的完成式having drawn，作状语。故选B。 9．（2024·天津·二模）It is recently reported that the number of people ______ a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change their cooking in some way. A．stick to B．sticking to C．stuck to D．having stuck to 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最近有报道称，坚持传统饮食的人数正在缓慢下降，大约一半的英国消费者希望以某种方式改变他们的烹饪方式。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。名词people与stick to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故选B。 10．（2024·天津和平·二模）An hour’s sport each day left me tired out and _______ to go to bed early. A．to want B．wanting C．wanted D．want 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：每天一小时的运动让我疲惫不堪，想早点上床睡觉。A. to want想要；B. wanting想要；C. wanted想要；D. want想要。空处应为宾语补足语，空前有并列连词and，连接两个非谓语动词，动词want与逻辑主语me之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故选B项。 考点三 过去分词 1．（2025·天津·高考真题）The school has decided to build an AI lab and the teachers would like to see the construction project ________ in the next school year. A．to carry out B．carrying out C．being carried out D．carried out 命题解读 新情境：锚定校园基建的真实场景，强化语用实用性 情境特点：题干创设 “学校建 AI 实验室、老师关注项目落实” 的校园真实场景，聚焦 “项目推进” 的实际需求，贴近高中阶段校园发展、设施建设的常见话题，区别于抽象的语法句子。 新考法：聚焦 “感官动词 + 宾语 + 宾补” 的非谓语搭配，反套路规避机械记忆 考法突破：传统考题常单独考查 see 后接 do/doing 的区别，本题则创新结合 被动语态 和 时间状语 双重限制： ① 先通过 “project 与 carry out 的被动关系” 排除主动形式 A、B； ② 再通过 “in the next school year 表将来结果” 排除表 “正在进行” 的被动形式 C； ③ 最终锁定表 “被动 + 完成” 的过去分词 D。 解题核心不是死记 “see sb. do/doing” 的固定搭配，而是主被动关系 + 动作状态 + 语境时间的三重匹配。 新角度：以 “将来时间状语” 为切入点，考查动作状态的精准匹配 角度设计：本题的解题关键之一是时间状语 in the next school year。命题人没有直接提示 “动作状态”，而是通过这个将来时间标志，限定非谓语动词需体现 “将来完成” 的结果属性，而非 “正在进行” 的过程属性，从而排除干扰项 C。 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学校已决定建造一个人工智能实验室，老师们希望看到这个建设项目在下一个学年得以实施。“see+宾语+宾语补足语”是固定结构，construction project与carry out之间是被动关系，即项目“被实施”，强调被动和完成的意义，应用过去分词carried out作宾语补足语。故选D。 2．（2023·天津·高考真题）The hero’s touching story ________ online has drawn thousands of “likes” and hundreds of comments from the public. A．posting B．to post C．posted D．to be posted 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词、句意：这位英雄的感人故事被张贴在网上，已经吸引了成千上万的“赞”和数百条公众评论。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。post 和名词story 是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故选C。 3．（2020·天津·高考真题）___________in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world. A．Having completed B．Being completed C．Completed D．Completing 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：1931年完工的帝国大厦是1954年之前最高的摩天大楼，它激发了全世界的想象力。句中谓语动词是inspired，此处用非谓语动词。主语the Empire State Building和动词complete是被动关系，用过去分词作状语。A项是现在分词的完成式，不表被动。B项是doing的被动式。故选C。 4．（2018·天津·高考真题）There have been many advances in medicine in recent years. That means money ______ for medical research has been well spent. A．used B．using C．to use D．to be used 【答案】A 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：近年来医学取得了许多进展。这意味着用于医学研究的钱花得很值。分析句子可知，money与use在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故选A项。 5．（2019·天津·高考真题）Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially ________ to help them succeed academically and personally. A．designed B．designing C．to design D．being designed 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：现在大多数大学都为一年级学生开设了一门课程，专门帮助他们在学业和个人方面取得成功。a course和design之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词。故选A。 6．（2015·天津·高考真题） ______in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching. A．To absorb B．To be absorbed C．Absorbed D．Absorbing 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：全神贯注于绘画中，约翰没有注意到晚上到了。短语be absorbed in全神贯注于，在句中作状语，省略be动词，故选C。 【点睛】本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，确定逻辑主语之后，再分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系，最后根据句意选择正确的答案。 7．（2017·天津·高考真题）The speaker, ______for her wonderful speeches, will deliver a lecture in our school next week. A．to know B．being known C．known D．knowing 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位以精彩演讲著称的演讲者将于下周在我们学校发表演讲。句子的谓语为will deliver，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，be known for为固定短语，意为“以……而闻名”，需用过去分词形式作状语。故选C。 8．（2018·天津·高考真题）I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________. A．taking B．taken C．being taken D．take 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。 点睛：本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词在句中所作的成分，找出该非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，再分析二者之间的关系，最后根据句意选择正确的答案。 9．（2014·天津·高考真题）Clearly and thoughtfully________, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. A．writing B．to write C．written D．being written 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这本书写得既清楚又意味深长，该书激励了那些希望寻求自己的答案的学生的自信心。根据write与the book是被动的关系，所以要用过去分词作状语。故选C。 10．（2011·天津·高考真题）______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. A．Translating B．Translated C．To translate D．Having translated 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被译为英语，句子被发现有一个完全不一样的句序。在同主语的主从复合句中，当从句的主语和谓语是主动关系，用现在分词表示主动关系，当从句的主语和谓语是被动关系，用过去分词表示被动。句中逻辑主语the sentence与translate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。故选B。 11．（2009·天津·高考真题）________ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. A．Being encouraged B．Encouraging C．Encouraged D．Having encouraged 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被科技的进步鼓舞着，很多农民在自己的土地上建起了风力发电厂。逗号前面的是非谓语动词做状语，encourage和这句话的主语many farmers是被动关系，用过去分词做状语。故选C。 12．（2013·天津·高考真题） In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words _______in daily conversations. A．using B．to use C．having used D．used 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有些语言，100个词汇就占了日常会话中的一半词汇。这是非谓语动词做定语，words与use之间存在被动关系，所以选D。A表示正在发生，B表示将来，C表示非谓语动作先于谓语动作发生，D表示被动和完成。非谓语动词做定语用法的区别在于时间：to do表将来，doing表现在，done表被动或完成。故选D。 【点睛】考查非谓语动词的用法。非谓语动词包括to do（动词不定式），doing（-ing形式），done（过去分词），一般要从功能上对他们进行区分：定语、状语，宾语补足语，主语，宾语及表演等方面；尤其要关注状语、定语等方面。 （1 )过去分词所作成分 While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted, Henry did his best to perform his duty. (作表语) To their surprise, the three countries found themselves united peacefully instead of by war. (作补足语) *过去分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, keep, find, feel, have, make, get等动词后作补足语。 The witnesses questioned by the police just now gave very different description of the fight. (作定语) The lady returned home, followed by the famous detective Holmes.(作状语) 过去分词和现在分词的区别 1. 语态上不同 现在分词表示主动的意思,而过去分词表被动的意思。 I heard someone opening the door. I heard the door opened. 2. 时间关系上不同 一般来说,现在分词表示一个正在进行的动作,而过去分词表示一个已经完成的动作。 如： the changing world\ the changed world the falling leaves \ the fallen leaves boiling water\ boiled water the rising sun\ the risen sun 难点1 非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致/不一致 ［典例1] When they got there, the village seemed deserted , the only sign of life_______( be ) one or two dogs lying under the tree. 解析：分析句子结构可知: When they ... seemed deserted为完整的句子，其与第二个逗号后的内容之间没有连词连接，且前后主语不一致,所以后面的内容是独立主格结构。此处表示主动意义,故用现在分词。答案：being ［典例2] No agreement _______( reach ), the representatives wanted another round of talks. 解析：分析句子结构可知,逗号前后两部分之间没有连词,且前后主语不一致，the representatives ... talks 为完整的句子，故逗号前的部分为独立主格结构；且reach与其逻辑主语 agreement 之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词 reached 。 答案：reached 难点2 非谓语动词的形式 ［典例3] Tsinghua University,_______( found ) in 1911,is one of the best universities in China . 解析: 分析句子结构可知，空处用非谓语动词作后置定语，且 found 与其逻辑主语 Tsinghua University之间为动宾关系，故填其过去分词形式,表示被动和动作已经完成。 答案: founded 明方法 高分突破 方法1 分析结构，判断谓语与非谓语 ［典例4] During the Mid- Autumn Festival, family members often gather together ______ (share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes 解析: 句意：在中秋节期间，家庭成员常常聚在一起吃饭、赏月并享用月饼。分析句子结构可知，本句为简单句，且谓语动词为 gather ,故空处应填非谓语动词；再根据句意可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语。 答案: to share 方法2 寻找逻辑主语,确定逻辑主语与所给动词之间的关系 ［典例5] Jim has retired, but he still re members the happy time _________(spend) with his students . 解析:句意：吉姆已经退休，但他仍记得与他的学生们一起度过的快乐时光。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，spend与the happy time是逻辑上的动宾关系,且此处表示已完成的动作，所以用过去分词短语作后置定语。 答案： spent 方法3 分析所给动词表示的动作与谓语动词 表示的动作发生的先后顺序 ［典例6] He is thought _________(act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job . 解析: 句意：他被认为做了愚蠢的事，现在他丢了那份工作只能责怪自己。 be thought to do sth 表示被认为做了某事 ；由句意可知 act 的动作发生在 think 之前，故用不定式的完成式。 答案：to have acted 1．（2025·天津和平·三模）He suggested that the problems ______ attached special attention to. A．referred to be B．refer to being C．referred to being D．referring to be 【答案】A 【详解】考查虚拟语气和非谓语动词。句意：他建议对所提到的问题给予特别注意。suggest表示 “建议”时，从句要用虚拟语气，即“should +动词原形”，其中should可以省略。referred to是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词the problems，表示“被提到的问题”。故选A。 2．（2025·天津滨海新·三模）______ in the gentle embrace of early spring, days in April boast delightful weather. A．Bathed B．Having bathed C．Bathing D．To be bathed 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：沐浴在早春的温柔怀抱中，四月的天气宜人。句中谓语是boast，空格处用非谓语动词，days和bathe之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此用过去分词表被动，作状语，故选A。 3．（2025·天津河东·一模）It was reported that a 90-year-old woman ______ under a destroyed house in the earthquake was saved alive at last. A．had been trapped B．being trapped C．was trapped D．trapped 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道，一位在地震中被困在倒塌房屋下的90岁老妇人最终获救。句中was saved为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，woman与trap之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作后置定语。故选D。 4．（2025·天津河北·一模）_________in a sealed cave for centuries, thousands of manuscripts, paintings, and scrolls were discovered in what is now known as the Library Cave, offering a glimpse into Dunhuang’s past. A．Hiding B．Hidden C．To be hidden D．Having hidden 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在一个封闭的洞穴里隐藏了几个世纪，成千上万的手稿、绘画和卷轴在现在被称为图书馆洞的地方被发现，让我们得以一窥敦煌的过去。此处hide与thousands of manuscripts, paintings, and scrolls构成被动关系，且动作已经完成，故用过去分词作状语，故选B。 5．（24-25高三上·天津西青·期末）________ to succeed in his studies, Peter set even higher goals and worked tirelessly to achieve them. A．Motivating B．Motivated C．To motivate D．Having motivated 【答案】B 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：为了在学业上取得成功，彼得设定了更高的目标，并不知疲倦地努力实现。此处为非谓语动词作状语，motivate与逻辑主语Peter之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式。故选B项。 6．（24-25高三上·天津南开·期末）To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to take a look at a study in China in 2023. A．having conducted B．being conducted C．conducted D．to be conducted 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：回到水污染的问题上，我想让你们看看2023年进行的一项研究。本句已有谓语动词would like，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作定语；动词conduct与名词study之间是被动关系，且conduct这一动作已经完成，需用过去分词作后置定语。A项为主动式；B项表示进行被动；D项表示将来被动，故选C。 7．（2024·天津河北·二模）In the Summer Palace’s accurate design, people can find the history and creativity of ancient China ______ within the complex decorations. A．hiding B．to hide C．hidden D．being hidden 【答案】C 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：在颐和园精确的设计中，人们可以发现隐藏在复杂装饰中的中国古代的历史和创造力。“history”和“creativity”承受hide的动作，因此使用过去分词作后置定语。故选C。 8．（2024·天津南开·二模）_________ at the center of Beijing, the Forbidden City is mainly built of bricks. A．Located B．Locating C．Being located D．Having located 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：紫禁城位于北京市中心，主要由砖砌成。本句已有谓语动词is，所以locate用非谓语形式作状语，和逻辑主语the Forbidden City之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故选A项。 9．（2024·天津北辰·三模）Shops in Winsor Castle offer a wide range of souvenirs ______ for the Royal Collection, including books, postcards, china, jewellery, and children’s toys. A．designing B．to be designed C．being designed D．designed 【答案】D 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：温莎城堡的商店提供为皇家收藏设计的各种纪念品，包括书籍、明信片、瓷器、珠宝和儿童玩具。句中已有谓语offer，空处作非谓语动词，design和逻辑主语souvenirs是被动关系，且结合语意可知，design这一动作已经完成，空处应用design的过去分词形式作souvenirs的后置定语。故选D项。 10．（2024·天津河北·一模）The botanical garden features a wide variety of foreign plants, largely ________ from tropical and subtropical regions mainly from Africa. A．importing B．imported C．being imported D．having imported 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：植物园以各种各样的外来植物为特色，大部分是从热带和亚热带地区进口的，主要来自非洲。本句已有谓语features，设空处为非谓语动词，修饰名词foreign plants作后置定语，和名词之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，故选B。 考点四 动名词 （2019·天津·高考真题）________ to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future. A．Learn B．Learned C．Learning D．Having learned 命题解读 新情境：锚定 “未来能力培养” 的教育热点场景，强化语用时效性 情境特点：题干创设 “批判性思考是孩子未来必备技能” 的教育话题场景，紧扣当下核心素养培养的教育热点，贴近高中阶段学生的学习和成长语境，区别于传统非谓语考题的抽象句子。 新考法：聚焦 “主语功能” 的非谓语区分，反套路规避单一考点 考法突破：传统考题常侧重非谓语动词的 “主被动、时态” 辨析，本题则核心考查不同非谓语形式作主语的功能差异，直击 “动词原形不能作主语”“动名词与分词作主语的区别” 等易错点： ① 先通过 “主语功能” 排除无法作主语的动词原形 A 和过去分词 B； ② 再通过 “动作属性（无先后顺序）” 排除动名词完成式 D； ③ 最终锁定表抽象动作的动名词 C。 新角度：以 “抽象技能定义” 为切入点，考查动作属性的精准匹配 角度设计：本题的解题关键是句子的语义属性 —— 对 “重要技能” 的客观定义。命题人没有设置显性语法标志词，而是通过 “is an important skill” 的表语结构，暗示主语需表达 “抽象、泛指的行为”，而非 “具体、完成的动作”，从而限定答案为动名词形式。 【答案】C 【详解】考查动名词。句意：学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分，而过去分词、动词都不可以作主语，此处用动名词作主语，故选C。 动名词由 :动词原形+-ing "构成,与现在分词的构成完全相同。动名词既具有动词的特征,又具有名词的特征。所谓的动词特征是说动名词可以有自己的宾语和状语,名词特征是指动名词可以像名词一样充当主语、表语、宾语和定语。 动名词出现的位置 1. 用在动词之后的动名词 （1 )用在及物动词之后,做宾语。 某些及物动词之后,必须接动名词作宾语,例如: admit dislike appreciate avoid enjoy bear escape stand deny consider mind miss finish resist imagine risk practice suggest 等。 (2) 用在不及物动词go后表示某些室外活动的动名词,如climbing, driving, fishing, riding, sailing, shopping, skiing, walking, surfing, diving等,可以跟在go后面,表示要进行的活动。 （3 )用在need, want, require之后,表示被动意义。如： He needs encouraging. My shoes want mending. 2. 用在形容词后的动名词 两个形容词后可以用动名词。这两个词是busy 和worth:值得注意的是,be worth doing 表示被动意义。 3. 用在介词（或者副词小品词 )后面的动名词. 常见的有： be good at:be interested in:instead of:prevent…from:stop…from:keep… from: keep on; succeed in.特别应该注意介词to后面的动名词,如：thanks to; give birth to:be/get used to:look forward to:make a contribution to:be accustomed to; pay attention to; get down to. 此外,一些副词小品词,如 give up,put off; feel like;后面也跟动名词。 4. 用在名词前的动名词 动名词可以用在名词前作定语,表示该事物的用途。如： a swimming pool = a pool for swimming a writing brush= a brush for writing a reading room,a washing machine,a sleeping car,a dining room 5. 常用动名词的句型 (1)cannot help + 动名词 不禁;忍不住;不得不 He couldn’t help laughing when he heard the funny story. 注意: 类似的惯用句型还有: cannot stand /bear +动名词 I can’t stand waiting any longer. I won’t bear your talking to me like that. 区分：can’t (choose) but do …/ can’t (help) but do… (2)How /What about +动名词=How do you like /find…? 或 What do you think of …?怎么样？ 常用来征求别人的意见。 What about playing a game of chess? How about going to the cinema tonight? (3)on/upon +动名词=as soon as 一……就…… On arriving at the village, he found it changed greatly. 他一到那个村庄就发现它变化很大. (4)It is no use /good+动名词 =It is useless to do = It is useless doing 做……是无益的 It’s useless trying to argue with Shylock. It is no use learning theory without putting it into practice. 学习理论不联系实际是无用的。 It is no good reading without thorough comprehension. 一知半解的阅读是不好的。 注意：it 是形式主语,动名词短语才是真正的主语。 (5)have difficulty/trouble/fun/a good time/a hard time (in) doing spend/waste time /money (in ) doing 五、一些动词既可接不定式又可接动名词的动词,注意意义不同。 * We regret to inform you that the flight has been cancelled. His father says that he has never regretted sending his son to study abroad. * Having a well-paid job doesn’t mean giving up your interests. Joe explained that he didn’t mean to hurt Sarah. He just wanted to play a joke on her. 思考一下： Can you tell the difference between remember to do & remember doing; forget to do & forget doing; try to do & try doing; stop to do & stop doing by giving some examples? 1．（2025·天津宝坻·二模）The principal emphasized the importance of ________ cultural differences when organizing international exchange programs. A．being respected B．respected C．to respect D．respecting 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：校长强调在组织国际交流项目时，尊重文化差异的重要性。作介词of的宾语，respect用动名词形式。故选D。 2．（2025·天津和平·三模）As a foreigner here, she is not accustomed to ______ like this in public. A．treat B．treating C．being treated D．be treated 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为这里的一个外国人，她不习惯在公共场合被这样对待。be accustomed to doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“习惯于做某事”，其中to为介词，后接动名词形式作宾语；由句意可知，treat和句子主语she之间是被动关系，所以应用动名词的被动形式。故选C项。 3．（2025·天津河东·二模）It is said that ______ hometown products through live streaming helps many villagers become richer than before. A．being sold B．sell C．selling D．having been sold 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据说通过直播销售家乡产品帮助许多村民比以前更富有了。“(sell) hometown products through live streaming”在主语从句中作主语，用动名词selling作主语。故选C项。 4．（2025·天津红桥·一模）During our holidays, we should avoid ________ up at night and oversleeping in the morning. A．staying B．to stay C．stayed D．stay 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在假期，我们应该避免晚上熬夜和早晨睡过头。此处是固定搭配：avoid doing sth.意为“避免做某事”，动名词作avoid的宾语。故选A。 5．（2022·天津南开·一模）______ my weak spots can make me become a better person. A．Knowing B．Having been known C．Known D．To be known 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：了解自己的弱点可以让我成为一个更好的人。A. Knowing知道（动名词）；B. Having been known已经知道（现在完成时的被动语态）C. Known知道（过去分词）；D. To be known有待了解（不定式）。_______my weak spots为句子主语，空处应用动名词作主语，故选A项。 6．（2024·天津和平·二模）Many people have no idea what to do when a disaster strikes. _______ is the best way to increase your chances of survival. A．Prepared B．Having prepared C．Prepare D．Being prepared 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当灾难发生时，很多人都不知道该做什么。做好准备是提高生存几率的最佳方法。“_______ is the best way to increase your chances of survival.”中is之前的部分应为句子的主语，因此需要使用动名词形式或动名词短语作主语。prepare“准备”，be prepared“准备妥当”。选项A为过去式或过去分词，不可作主语；选项B为动名词的完成式，强调“准备”的动作先于谓语动作发生，但此处未明确表达此时间关系；选项C为动词原形，不能直接作主语；选项D为动名词的一般式，符合语法要求，表示“处于准备状态”的概念，适合充当句子主语。故选D。 7．（2022·天津河北·一模）In the modern information age, one can’t avoid __________ by various kinds of advertisements. A．surrounded B．surrounding C．being surrounded D．to be surrounded 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在现代信息时代，人们无法避免被各种各样的广告包围。avoid doing sth.为固定用法，意为“避免做某事”，排除A项和D项，one和surround为被动关系，需用动名词的被动式。故选C。 8．（2023·天津滨海新·三模）—What matters for the cooperation between companies? —________differences in a sincere way. A．Approached B．Having approached C．To be approached D．Approaching 【答案】D 【详解】考查动名词。句意：——什么对企业之间的合作很重要？——以真诚的方式处理分歧。回答what应用动名词或动词不定式。根据句意可知，应该用动名词的一般式。故选D。 9．（2022·天津南开·一模）Paul has always regretted ________harder at school when he was young. A．not having studied B．not being studied C．not studying D．not to study 【答案】A 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：保罗总是后悔年轻时在学校没有用功学习。此处表示对做过的事表示遗憾、后悔短语为regret doing sth.，且表示动作已经先于regret完成，应用regret having done的形式，此处为否定在having前加not。故选A。 10．（2021·天津红桥·一模）________Chinese culture with overseas cultures is a challenging job, but you will learn a lot from it. A．Comparing B．Compared C．Having compared D．Compare 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：将中国文化与海外文化进行比较是一项具有挑战性的工作，但你会从中学到很多东西。分析句子结构，but连接前后两个分句，该空作第一个分句的主语，用动名词；且表示和谓语动词动作同时发生，用动名词的一般式，故选A项。 考点五 独立主格 （2025·天津·高考真题）With robots various industrial tasks, factories have increased production efficiency. A．to perform B．to be performed C．performing D．being performed 命题解读 新情境：锚定 “工业智能化生产” 的科技场景，强化语用时效性 情境特点：题干创设 “机器人参与工业生产、提升工厂效率” 的科技化场景，紧扣当下智能制造的产业热点，贴近现代工业发展的现实语境，区别于传统考题的生活化简单场景。 新考法：聚焦 “with 复合结构” 的非谓语分层，反套路规避机械记忆 考法突破：传统考题常单独考查 with 复合结构的基本形式，本题则创新结合 主被动关系 + 动作时态 双重限制，实现考点分层： ① 先通过 “robots 与 perform 的主动关系” 排除被动形式 B、D； ② 再通过 “主句动作已完成” 的语境，排除表将来的不定式 A； ③ 最终锁定表 “主动 + 伴随” 的现在分词 C。 解题核心不是死记 with 复合结构的固定搭配，而是主被动逻辑 + 动作时间维度的双重匹配。 新角度：以 “伴随因果逻辑” 为切入点，考查语境推理能力 角度设计：本题的解题关键是 主句与从句的伴随因果逻辑——“机器人执行任务” 是 “工厂效率提升” 的原因和伴随条件。命题人没有直接提示动作状态，而是通过这种隐性逻辑，限定非谓语动词需体现 “同时发生” 的属性，从而排除表将来的不定式选项。 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着机器人执行各种工业任务，工厂提高了生产效率。perform(执行)在with复合结构中作宾语补足语，用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语robots之间是主动关系，应现在分词表主动。故选C项。 （2024·天津·二模）A variety of applications with filters  ________ in allow users to soften wrinkles or adjust the size and shape of their facial features. A．to build B．building C．built D．having been built 【答案】C 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：各种内置滤镜的应用程序允许用户软化皱纹或调整面部特征的大小和形状。设空处为with的宾语补足语，和宾语 filters之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，构成with的复合结构，故选C。 独立主格结构的构成 1. 逻辑主语+现在分词 Time permitting, we can finish the work. 2. 逻辑主语+过去分词 Signal given, the bus started. 3. 逻辑主语+形容词/副词 Everything (being) ready, they started out. 4. 逻辑主语+不定式 The teacher to help us, we will succeed. 5. 逻辑主语+介词短语 The old man sat in the chair, book in hand and pipe in mouth. 6. with+复合宾语 The classroom is very bright with all the lights on. He fought the tiger with a stick as his only weapon. 注意： 独立主格结构一般有逗号和句子分开。 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,是独立存在的。 独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、不定式等是逻辑上的主动或被动系。 1．（2007·重庆·高考真题）The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons______ for the day. A．finishing B．finished C．had finished D．were finished 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：孩子们从语法学校回家，今天的作业写完了。根据句子结构判断，前后句没有连词，此处为独立主格结构，完成和逻辑主语课程是被动关系，功课是被完成，因此用过去分词。故选B。 2．（2022·天津南开·模拟预测）The interviewers stared back, their blank faces ________ no clue as to what they would say next. A．gave B．had given C．giving D．given 【答案】C 【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：采访者也盯着他们，他们脸上毫无表情，不知道接下来会说什么。分析句子结构可知，此处为独立主格结构，且face与动词give为主动关系，应用现在分词。故选C。 3．（2025·天津·模拟预测）So far, about 40 houses have fallen down under the weight of the snow, with 22 people ______. A．reported injured B．reported injuring C．reporting injured D．reporting injuring 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：到目前为止，大约40所房子被大雪压塌了，报道称有22人受伤。此处为“with + 宾语 + 宾补”的复合结构，其中“22 people”为宾语，空处为宾语补足语，对宾语“22 people”进行补充说明，根据句意可知，“22 people”与“report”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，即“22人被报道”，所以此处应用过去分词形式表被动；“injured”为形容词，意为“受伤的”，是对“22 people”的状态进行补充说明，因此“reported injured”表示“被报道受伤”，符合语意语法。故选A项。 4．（2025·天津·二模）According to online travel platform Fliggy, international travel soared during the May Day holiday, with orders of outbound cruise package ________ by close to 150%. A．rising B．risen C．arisen D．arising 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据在线旅游平台飞猪的数据，五一假期期间国际旅游需求大幅增长，出境游船套餐的订单量增长了近 150%。此处表示增长，短语为rise by，且与orders构成主动关系，故用现在分词形式。故选A。 5．（24-25高三上·天津·期中）When I came in, John was sitting in the corner with his hands ________ on his head, nervous for the final result. A．crossed B．crossing C．to cross D．having crossed 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我进来的时候，约翰正坐在角落里，双手交叉在头上，为最后的结果而紧张。此处是with复合结构，hands和cross之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词，表被动。故选A。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司21 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 非谓语动词 01 析·考点精解 1 02 构·知能架构 2 03 破·考点攻坚 2 考点一 不定式 2 考点二 现在分词 6 考点三 过去分词 10 考点四 动名词 15 考点五 独立主格 19 01 析·考点精解 命题轨迹透视 近 5 年天津高考英语单项选择非谓语动词部分主要以做状语和定语为主；兼有非谓语动词做主语、做宾语、做宾语补足语、With的复合结构等。 考点频次总结 考点 2025 年 2024 年 2023 年 2022 年 2021 年 不定式 首考 5 二考4 无 二考6 二考14 现在分词 无 首考 14 首考 7 二考10，15 二考9 首考 9 过去分词 首考 6 首考7 二考11 无 首考 2 无 动名词 无 无 无 无 无 独立主格 二考9 无 无 无 无 2026命题预测 考查非谓语动词在语境中的正确应用，重语篇统领与语境推理；素养上深考思维，融文化于语法，强化实用与文化自信。未来命题仍旧主要以做状语和定语为主。 02 构·知能架构 03 破·考点攻坚 考点一 不定式 1．（2025·天津·高考真题）________ the audience, the speaker prepared a detailed and engaging presentation. A．Impressing B．To impress C．Being impressed D．Impressed 命题解读 新情境：锚定演讲准备的真实交际场景，强化语用关联性 情境特点：题干创设了 “演讲者准备演示文稿” 的真实场景，聚焦 “行为（准备文稿）与目的（打动听众）” 的逻辑关系，贴近学生未来可能接触的校园演讲、职场汇报等真实语言使用场景。 新考法：聚焦非谓语动词的 “功能区分”，规避形式化考查 考法突破：传统考题常侧重非谓语动词的 “时态、语态” 形式辨析，本题则核心考查非谓语动词的功能差异—— 即 “表目的”“表伴随”“表被动” 的功能区分： ① 先通过 “动作主被动关系” 排除表被动的 C、D 选项； ② 再通过 “行为与目的的逻辑” 排除表伴随的 A 选项； ③ 最终锁定表目的的不定式结构 B。 新角度：以 “隐性目的逻辑” 为切入点，考查逻辑推理能力 角度设计：本题的解题关键不是显性的语法标志词，而是 **“准备文稿” 与 “打动听众” 之间的隐性目的逻辑 **。命题人没有直接给出 “为了……” 的提示词，而是通过场景本身的逻辑关系，倒逼学生判断非谓语动词的功能 —— 演讲者的核心意图是通过文稿打动听众，因此需要选择表目的的结构。 2．（2024·天津·高考真题）From the first explorers to today's travelers, humans have always had a desire _________ new places. A．to discover B．to be discovering C．to be discovered D．to have discovered 3．（2022·天津·高考真题）________ his restless students occupied with an indoor sport on rainy days, James Naismith created basketball. A．To be kept B．Kept C．To keep D．Keeping 4．（2021·天津·高考真题）Mary became a baker at age 14, because her grandfather paid the local baker ________ her all the skills. A．to have taught B．to teach C．teaching D．having taught 5．（2017·天津·高考真题）________ more about amazing animal facts, he made a trip to the nearby nature reserve. A．Finding out B．Found out C．To find out D．Being found out 6．（2020·天津·高考真题）______ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes. A．To help B．Helped C．Helping D．Being helped 7．（2020·天津·高考真题）The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection ____________ economic growth. A．to be promoted B．being promoted C．promoting D．to promote 8．（2019·天津·高考真题）The sign on the wall of the library says, “No magazine is allowed out of the reading room”. A．being taken B．to take C．to be taken D．taking 9．（2017·天津·高考真题）I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ________. A．catching B．caught C．to catch D．to be caught 10．（2014·天津·高考真题）Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _________ it didn’t fit A．to find B．found C．finding D．having found 11．（2011·天津·高考真题）Passengers are permitted ________ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. A．to carry B．carrying C．to be carried D．being carried 12．（2009·天津·高考真题）______ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends. A．Competing B．Having completed C．To have completed D．To complete （1 )不定式所做成分 To climb the mountain road was hard work but to go down the hills was great fun.(作主语) His ambition is to become an actor.(作表语) I am always the first person to get to the office.(作定语) David threatened to report his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.(作宾语) *常见的接不定式作宾语的动词有：afford, aim, ask, begin, care, continue, decide, demand等 He felt it necessary to learn Spanish. (consider/feel/find/make/think+it+宾补+to do sth) My adviser encouraged me to take a summer course to improve my writing skill.(作宾语补足语) 注意：有些感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾语补足语时,通常不带to。如：see/watch/notice/observe let/have/make /hear/listen to/feel They made me wait while they checked everyone’s air tickets. 感官动词和使役动词make用于被动语态时,做主语补足语的不定式要带to。 Tom doesn’t have to be made to learn. He always works hard. （2 )不定式的被动语态 James Ryan is the fourth brother to be involved in the Second World War. His first book to be published next month is based on a true story. 注意：在easy/difficult/hard/comfortable等形容词作表语或构成复合宾语时,其后不定式通常用主动形式。例如： This sentence is difficult to translate. They found the lecture hard to understand. to blame 作表语时,用主动形式表示被动含义。 Who is to blame for it? （3 )疑问词+不定式结构 疑问词who, what, which, when, where, how等后加上不定式相当于名词性从句。同样一句话,英语里可用从句和不定式结构来表达,意思没有区别。 I didn’t know how to get back to the village. He told us whether to have a picnic was still under discussion. （4 )不定式的复合结构 Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it to reuse. It’s cruel of them to kill animals. (在kind, silly, foolish, stupid, careless, cruel, rude, clever等表示人物特征的形容词后接不定式的复合结构时,介词用of, 说明不定式指谁的情况。) 1．（2025·天津河北·二模）We’d better put off interviewing the athlete, for he is busy preparing for an international contest in Beijing soon. A．held B．to hold C．being held D．to be held 2．（2025·天津北辰·三模）The new technology in the movie Ne Zha II is so amazing that it makes the characters ________ vividly on the screen. A．to come B．come C．coming D．came 3．（2025·天津和平·一模）She searched the entire house for her keys, only________them resting on the kitchen counter where she had left them. A．finding B．to have found C．to find D．found 4．（24-25高三上·天津南开·期末）If you’re old enough to earn a wage and pay taxes, you should be allowed ________ a say on how the government spends them! A．having had B．being had C．having D．to have 5．（2024·天津南开·二模）_________ early for the competition, she set the alarm clock. A．Getting up B．To get up C．Get up D．Having got up 6．（2024·天津南开·一模）Kathy reached the company out of breath only ________ she was fired. A．told B．to be told C．being told D．having told 7．（2024·天津和平·一模）The actor is believed ______ the TV drama soon due to personal reasons. A．to have left B．to leave C．to be left D．to have been left 8．（2023·天津南开·一模）Given that the theme of the Expo was________ cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation, Dunhuang was the ideal place. A．to promote B．having promoted C．to be promoted D．promoted 9．（2023·天津南开·二模）________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones. A．Enjoying B．Enjoyed C．To enjoy D．Having enjoyed 10．（2023·天津河东·一模）It takes a bit of practice________ comfortable when foreigners learn to use chopsticks to eat. A．feeling B．to feel C．felt D．to be felt 考点二 现在分词 1．（2024·天津·高考真题）The organizers had to cancel the outdoor concert due to the sudden thunderstorm, _________ many eager fans who had been waiting for hours. A．disappointing B．to disappoint C．having disappointed D．Disappointed 命题解读 新情境：锚定 “突发状况导致活动取消” 的生活场景，强化语用真实性 情境特点：题干创设了 “雷雨突袭→音乐会取消→歌迷失望” 的连贯生活场景，聚焦 “事件 - 结果” 的因果逻辑，贴近学生可能经历的户外演出、赛事取消等真实情境。 新考法：聚焦非谓语动词作结果状语的 “功能分层”，反套路设置干扰项 考法突破：传统考题常侧重非谓语动词的 “主被动、时态” 形式辨析，本题则核心考查不同非谓语形式作结果状语的功能差异： ① 先通过 “结果属性” 排除表目的的不定式 B； ② 再通过 “动作先后顺序” 排除完成式 C； ③ 最后通过 “逻辑主语主被动关系” 排除过去分词 D； ④ 最终锁定表 “自然结果” 的现在分词 A。 新角度：以 “隐性因果逻辑” 为切入点，考查语境推理能力 角度设计：本题的解题关键不是显性的语法标志词，而是 **“音乐会取消” 与 “歌迷失望” 之间的隐性因果逻辑 **。命题人没有直接提示 “结果状语”，而是通过场景本身的逻辑关系，倒逼学生判断非谓语动词的功能 ——“取消音乐会” 必然导致 “歌迷失望”，因此需要选择表自然结果的非谓语形式。 2．（2023·天津·高考真题）The Palace Museum has the most remarkable collection of fine clocks in the world, mainly _________ from Europe and China. A．originating B．originated C．being originated D．having originated 3．（2023·天津·高考真题）_________ several adjustments to the design for two months, the engineer eventually succeeded in building a highly efficient system. A．Trying B．Tried C．Having tried D．Having been tried 4．（2023·天津·高考真题）________ back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history. A．Dating B．Being dated C．To date D．To be dated 5．（2022·天津·高考真题）The city temperatures have returned from record low to normal, ________ the citizens to enjoy the outdoors again. A．allowing B．being allowed C．having allowed D．having been allowed 6．（2021·天津·高考真题）China's National Highway 318, ________ over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Xizang, is known as the "heavenly road“ for its amazing views. A．to extend B．extended C．extending D．being extended 7．（2020·天津·高考真题）The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet ______ for 10 minutes at the end of the show. A．being clapped B．clap C．clapped D．clapping 8．（2018·天津·高考真题）Mrs. Taylor went around the shops, ______ what she thought was necessary. A．ordered B．ordering C．to have ordered D．having been ordered 9．（2019·天津·高考真题） volcanoes for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage. A．To study B．Studying C．Having studied D．Studied 10．（2016·天津·高考真题）The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, ____ air conditioning unnecessary. A．making B．to make C．made D．being made 11．（2017·天津·高考真题） The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ more patients to be treated. A．being allowed B．allowing C．having allowed D．allowed 12．（2008·天津·高考真题）________ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. A．To throw B．Thrown C．Being thrown D．Throwing 13．（2015·天津·高考真题） __________ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. A．To work B．Worked C．To be working D．Having worked 14．（2012·天津·高考真题）He got up late and hurried to his office, _______ the breakfast untouched. A．left B．to leave C．leaving D．having left 15．（2010·天津·高考真题）It rained heavily in the south，________serious floods in several provinces. A．caused B．having caused C．causing D．to cause （1 )现在分词所作成分 It is believed that if a book is interesting, it will surely interest the reader. (作表语) I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. (作补足语) The room is empty except for a bookshelf standing in one corner. (作定语) A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, killing all four people on board. (作状语) （2 )现在分词的时态和语态 形式 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 Doing Being done 完成式 Having done Having been done 1) 现在分词的一般式表示其动作正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生:现在分词的完成式表示其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。例如： Walking down the street, he heard someone calling him. Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early. 2) Being taught by the two gentlemen, Eliza made great progress. Having been shown around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. (逻辑主语we与show是被动关系,且分词的动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前,故用现在分词的完成被动式) 1．（2025·天津滨海新·三模）When it comes to AI application in healthcare, we can see intelligence systems ______ patients for precise monitoring. A．being tracked B．tracked C．tracking D．to track 2．（2025·天津和平·三模）Tibetan antelope’s presence breathes life into the winter landscape of the plateau, ________ a harmonious ecosystem and natural beauty. A．To have presented B．presented C．presenting D．having presented 3．（2025·天津河东·二模）In the 2024 Paris Olympics, the Chinese sports delegation won 40 gold medals, ______ the first on the gold medal list. A．to rank B．ranking C．ranked D．having ranked 4．（2025·天津南开·一模）Medical research suggests that consuming dark chocolate releases certain compounds in the brain ______ people to experience a sense of pleasure and relaxation. A．to have caused B．having caused C．causing D．caused 5．（2025·天津和平·二模）She was furious when she found her younger sister ________ on her clothes. A．try B．being tried C．having tried D．trying 6．（20-21高三上·天津和平·期末）______ it many times, I still can’t make Tom understand what I said. A．Explained B．Having explained C．To explain D．Having been explained 7．（2025·天津河东·一模）Hurricane Sandy, one of the biggest storms ever, hit the East Coast of the US on Oct. 29, ______ the transportation there. A．shut down B．to shut down C．shutting down D．having shut down 8．（2025·天津河北·一模）The YangBOT program at the 2025 CCTV Spring Festival Gala, _________ thousands of “likes” and lots of good comments from the public online, is a perfect mix of China’s tech progress and cultural pride. A．drawn B．having drawn C．to draw D．having been drawn 9．（2024·天津·二模）It is recently reported that the number of people ______ a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change their cooking in some way. A．stick to B．sticking to C．stuck to D．having stuck to 10．（2024·天津和平·二模）An hour’s sport each day left me tired out and _______ to go to bed early. A．to want B．wanting C．wanted D．want 考点三 过去分词 1．（2025·天津·高考真题）The school has decided to build an AI lab and the teachers would like to see the construction project ________ in the next school year. A．to carry out B．carrying out C．being carried out D．carried out 命题解读 新情境：锚定校园基建的真实场景，强化语用实用性 情境特点：题干创设 “学校建 AI 实验室、老师关注项目落实” 的校园真实场景，聚焦 “项目推进” 的实际需求，贴近高中阶段校园发展、设施建设的常见话题，区别于抽象的语法句子。 新考法：聚焦 “感官动词 + 宾语 + 宾补” 的非谓语搭配，反套路规避机械记忆 考法突破：传统考题常单独考查 see 后接 do/doing 的区别，本题则创新结合 被动语态 和 时间状语 双重限制： ① 先通过 “project 与 carry out 的被动关系” 排除主动形式 A、B； ② 再通过 “in the next school year 表将来结果” 排除表 “正在进行” 的被动形式 C； ③ 最终锁定表 “被动 + 完成” 的过去分词 D。 解题核心不是死记 “see sb. do/doing” 的固定搭配，而是主被动关系 + 动作状态 + 语境时间的三重匹配。 新角度：以 “将来时间状语” 为切入点，考查动作状态的精准匹配 角度设计：本题的解题关键之一是时间状语 in the next school year。命题人没有直接提示 “动作状态”，而是通过这个将来时间标志，限定非谓语动词需体现 “将来完成” 的结果属性，而非 “正在进行” 的过程属性，从而排除干扰项 C。 2．（2023·天津·高考真题）The hero’s touching story ________ online has drawn thousands of “likes” and hundreds of comments from the public. A．posting B．to post C．posted D．to be posted 3．（2020·天津·高考真题）___________in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world. A．Having completed B．Being completed C．Completed D．Completing 4．（2018·天津·高考真题）There have been many advances in medicine in recent years. That means money ______ for medical research has been well spent. A．used B．using C．to use D．to be used 5．（2019·天津·高考真题）Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially ________ to help them succeed academically and personally. A．designed B．designing C．to design D．being designed 6．（2015·天津·高考真题） ______in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching. A．To absorb B．To be absorbed C．Absorbed D．Absorbing 7．（2017·天津·高考真题）The speaker, ______for her wonderful speeches, will deliver a lecture in our school next week. A．to know B．being known C．known D．knowing 8．（2018·天津·高考真题）I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________. A．taking B．taken C．being taken D．take 9．（2014·天津·高考真题）Clearly and thoughtfully________, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. A．writing B．to write C．written D．being written 10．（2011·天津·高考真题）______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. A．Translating B．Translated C．To translate D．Having translated 11．（2009·天津·高考真题）________ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. A．Being encouraged B．Encouraging C．Encouraged D．Having encouraged 12．（2013·天津·高考真题） In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words _______in daily conversations. A．using B．to use C．having used D．used （1 )过去分词所作成分 While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted, Henry did his best to perform his duty. (作表语) To their surprise, the three countries found themselves united peacefully instead of by war. (作补足语) *过去分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, keep, find, feel, have, make, get等动词后作补足语。 The witnesses questioned by the police just now gave very different description of the fight. (作定语) The lady returned home, followed by the famous detective Holmes.(作状语) 过去分词和现在分词的区别 1. 语态上不同 现在分词表示主动的意思,而过去分词表被动的意思。 I heard someone opening the door. I heard the door opened. 2. 时间关系上不同 一般来说,现在分词表示一个正在进行的动作,而过去分词表示一个已经完成的动作。 如： the changing world\ the changed world the falling leaves \ the fallen leaves boiling water\ boiled water the rising sun\ the risen sun 难点1 非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致/不一致 ［典例1] When they got there, the village seemed deserted , the only sign of life_______( be ) one or two dogs lying under the tree. 解析：分析句子结构可知: When they ... seemed deserted为完整的句子，其与第二个逗号后的内容之间没有连词连接，且前后主语不一致,所以后面的内容是独立主格结构。此处表示主动意义,故用现在分词。答案：being ［典例2] No agreement _______( reach ), the representatives wanted another round of talks. 解析：分析句子结构可知,逗号前后两部分之间没有连词,且前后主语不一致，the representatives ... talks 为完整的句子，故逗号前的部分为独立主格结构；且reach与其逻辑主语 agreement 之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词 reached 。 答案：reached 难点2 非谓语动词的形式 ［典例3] Tsinghua University,_______( found ) in 1911,is one of the best universities in China . 解析: 分析句子结构可知，空处用非谓语动词作后置定语，且 found 与其逻辑主语 Tsinghua University之间为动宾关系，故填其过去分词形式,表示被动和动作已经完成。 答案: founded 明方法 高分突破 方法1 分析结构，判断谓语与非谓语 ［典例4] During the Mid- Autumn Festival, family members often gather together ______ (share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes 解析: 句意：在中秋节期间，家庭成员常常聚在一起吃饭、赏月并享用月饼。分析句子结构可知，本句为简单句，且谓语动词为 gather ,故空处应填非谓语动词；再根据句意可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语。 答案: to share 方法2 寻找逻辑主语,确定逻辑主语与所给动词之间的关系 ［典例5] Jim has retired, but he still re members the happy time _________(spend) with his students . 解析:句意：吉姆已经退休，但他仍记得与他的学生们一起度过的快乐时光。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，spend与the happy time是逻辑上的动宾关系,且此处表示已完成的动作，所以用过去分词短语作后置定语。 答案： spent 方法3 分析所给动词表示的动作与谓语动词 表示的动作发生的先后顺序 ［典例6] He is thought _________(act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job . 解析: 句意：他被认为做了愚蠢的事，现在他丢了那份工作只能责怪自己。 be thought to do sth 表示被认为做了某事 ；由句意可知 act 的动作发生在 think 之前，故用不定式的完成式。 答案：to have acted 1．（2025·天津和平·三模）He suggested that the problems ______ attached special attention to. A．referred to be B．refer to being C．referred to being D．referring to be 2．（2025·天津滨海新·三模）______ in the gentle embrace of early spring, days in April boast delightful weather. A．Bathed B．Having bathed C．Bathing D．To be bathed 3．（2025·天津河东·一模）It was reported that a 90-year-old woman ______ under a destroyed house in the earthquake was saved alive at last. A．had been trapped B．being trapped C．was trapped D．trapped 4．（2025·天津河北·一模）_________in a sealed cave for centuries, thousands of manuscripts, paintings, and scrolls were discovered in what is now known as the Library Cave, offering a glimpse into Dunhuang’s past. A．Hiding B．Hidden C．To be hidden D．Having hidden 5．（24-25高三上·天津西青·期末）________ to succeed in his studies, Peter set even higher goals and worked tirelessly to achieve them. A．Motivating B．Motivated C．To motivate D．Having motivated 6．（24-25高三上·天津南开·期末）To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to take a look at a study in China in 2023. A．having conducted B．being conducted C．conducted D．to be conducted 7．（2024·天津河北·二模）In the Summer Palace’s accurate design, people can find the history and creativity of ancient China ______ within the complex decorations. A．hiding B．to hide C．hidden D．being hidden 8．（2024·天津南开·二模）_________ at the center of Beijing, the Forbidden City is mainly built of bricks. A．Located B．Locating C．Being located D．Having located 9．（2024·天津北辰·三模）Shops in Winsor Castle offer a wide range of souvenirs ______ for the Royal Collection, including books, postcards, china, jewellery, and children’s toys. A．designing B．to be designed C．being designed D．designed 10．（2024·天津河北·一模）The botanical garden features a wide variety of foreign plants, largely ________ from tropical and subtropical regions mainly from Africa. A．importing B．imported C．being imported D．having imported 考点四 动名词 （2019·天津·高考真题）________ to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future. A．Learn B．Learned C．Learning D．Having learned 命题解读 新情境：锚定 “未来能力培养” 的教育热点场景，强化语用时效性 情境特点：题干创设 “批判性思考是孩子未来必备技能” 的教育话题场景，紧扣当下核心素养培养的教育热点，贴近高中阶段学生的学习和成长语境，区别于传统非谓语考题的抽象句子。 新考法：聚焦 “主语功能” 的非谓语区分，反套路规避单一考点 考法突破：传统考题常侧重非谓语动词的 “主被动、时态” 辨析，本题则核心考查不同非谓语形式作主语的功能差异，直击 “动词原形不能作主语”“动名词与分词作主语的区别” 等易错点： ① 先通过 “主语功能” 排除无法作主语的动词原形 A 和过去分词 B； ② 再通过 “动作属性（无先后顺序）” 排除动名词完成式 D； ③ 最终锁定表抽象动作的动名词 C。 新角度：以 “抽象技能定义” 为切入点，考查动作属性的精准匹配 角度设计：本题的解题关键是句子的语义属性 —— 对 “重要技能” 的客观定义。命题人没有设置显性语法标志词，而是通过 “is an important skill” 的表语结构，暗示主语需表达 “抽象、泛指的行为”，而非 “具体、完成的动作”，从而限定答案为动名词形式。 动名词由 :动词原形+-ing "构成,与现在分词的构成完全相同。动名词既具有动词的特征,又具有名词的特征。所谓的动词特征是说动名词可以有自己的宾语和状语,名词特征是指动名词可以像名词一样充当主语、表语、宾语和定语。 动名词出现的位置 1. 用在动词之后的动名词 （1 )用在及物动词之后,做宾语。 某些及物动词之后,必须接动名词作宾语,例如: admit dislike appreciate avoid enjoy bear escape stand deny consider mind miss finish resist imagine risk practice suggest 等。 (2) 用在不及物动词go后表示某些室外活动的动名词,如climbing, driving, fishing, riding, sailing, shopping, skiing, walking, surfing, diving等,可以跟在go后面,表示要进行的活动。 （3 )用在need, want, require之后,表示被动意义。如： He needs encouraging. My shoes want mending. 2. 用在形容词后的动名词 两个形容词后可以用动名词。这两个词是busy 和worth:值得注意的是,be worth doing 表示被动意义。 3. 用在介词（或者副词小品词 )后面的动名词. 常见的有： be good at:be interested in:instead of:prevent…from:stop…from:keep… from: keep on; succeed in.特别应该注意介词to后面的动名词,如：thanks to; give birth to:be/get used to:look forward to:make a contribution to:be accustomed to; pay attention to; get down to. 此外,一些副词小品词,如 give up,put off; feel like;后面也跟动名词。 4. 用在名词前的动名词 动名词可以用在名词前作定语,表示该事物的用途。如： a swimming pool = a pool for swimming a writing brush= a brush for writing a reading room,a washing machine,a sleeping car,a dining room 5. 常用动名词的句型 (1)cannot help + 动名词 不禁;忍不住;不得不 He couldn’t help laughing when he heard the funny story. 注意: 类似的惯用句型还有: cannot stand /bear +动名词 I can’t stand waiting any longer. I won’t bear your talking to me like that. 区分：can’t (choose) but do …/ can’t (help) but do… (2)How /What about +动名词=How do you like /find…? 或 What do you think of …?怎么样？ 常用来征求别人的意见。 What about playing a game of chess? How about going to the cinema tonight? (3)on/upon +动名词=as soon as 一……就…… On arriving at the village, he found it changed greatly. 他一到那个村庄就发现它变化很大. (4)It is no use /good+动名词 =It is useless to do = It is useless doing 做……是无益的 It’s useless trying to argue with Shylock. It is no use learning theory without putting it into practice. 学习理论不联系实际是无用的。 It is no good reading without thorough comprehension. 一知半解的阅读是不好的。 注意：it 是形式主语,动名词短语才是真正的主语。 (5)have difficulty/trouble/fun/a good time/a hard time (in) doing spend/waste time /money (in ) doing 五、一些动词既可接不定式又可接动名词的动词,注意意义不同。 * We regret to inform you that the flight has been cancelled. His father says that he has never regretted sending his son to study abroad. * Having a well-paid job doesn’t mean giving up your interests. Joe explained that he didn’t mean to hurt Sarah. He just wanted to play a joke on her. 思考一下： Can you tell the difference between remember to do & remember doing; forget to do & forget doing; try to do & try doing; stop to do & stop doing by giving some examples? 1．（2025·天津宝坻·二模）The principal emphasized the importance of ________ cultural differences when organizing international exchange programs. A．being respected B．respected C．to respect D．respecting 2．（2025·天津和平·三模）As a foreigner here, she is not accustomed to ______ like this in public. A．treat B．treating C．being treated D．be treated 3．（2025·天津河东·二模）It is said that ______ hometown products through live streaming helps many villagers become richer than before. A．being sold B．sell C．selling D．having been sold 4．（2025·天津红桥·一模）During our holidays, we should avoid ________ up at night and oversleeping in the morning. A．staying B．to stay C．stayed D．stay 5．（2022·天津南开·一模）______ my weak spots can make me become a better person. A．Knowing B．Having been known C．Known D．To be known 6．（2024·天津和平·二模）Many people have no idea what to do when a disaster strikes. _______ is the best way to increase your chances of survival. A．Prepared B．Having prepared C．Prepare D．Being prepared 7．（2022·天津河北·一模）In the modern information age, one can’t avoid __________ by various kinds of advertisements. A．surrounded B．surrounding C．being surrounded D．to be surrounded 8．（2023·天津滨海新·三模）—What matters for the cooperation between companies? —________differences in a sincere way. A．Approached B．Having approached C．To be approached D．Approaching 9．（2022·天津南开·一模）Paul has always regretted ________harder at school when he was young. A．not having studied B．not being studied C．not studying D．not to study 10．（2021·天津红桥·一模）________Chinese culture with overseas cultures is a challenging job, but you will learn a lot from it. A．Comparing B．Compared C．Having compared D．Compare 考点五 独立主格 （2025·天津·高考真题）With robots various industrial tasks, factories have increased production efficiency. A．to perform B．to be performed C．performing D．being performed 命题解读 新情境：锚定 “工业智能化生产” 的科技场景，强化语用时效性 情境特点：题干创设 “机器人参与工业生产、提升工厂效率” 的科技化场景，紧扣当下智能制造的产业热点，贴近现代工业发展的现实语境，区别于传统考题的生活化简单场景。 新考法：聚焦 “with 复合结构” 的非谓语分层，反套路规避机械记忆 考法突破：传统考题常单独考查 with 复合结构的基本形式，本题则创新结合 主被动关系 + 动作时态 双重限制，实现考点分层： ① 先通过 “robots 与 perform 的主动关系” 排除被动形式 B、D； ② 再通过 “主句动作已完成” 的语境，排除表将来的不定式 A； ③ 最终锁定表 “主动 + 伴随” 的现在分词 C。 解题核心不是死记 with 复合结构的固定搭配，而是主被动逻辑 + 动作时间维度的双重匹配。 新角度：以 “伴随因果逻辑” 为切入点，考查语境推理能力 角度设计：本题的解题关键是 主句与从句的伴随因果逻辑——“机器人执行任务” 是 “工厂效率提升” 的原因和伴随条件。命题人没有直接提示动作状态，而是通过这种隐性逻辑，限定非谓语动词需体现 “同时发生” 的属性，从而排除表将来的不定式选项。 （2024·天津·二模）A variety of applications with filters  ________ in allow users to soften wrinkles or adjust the size and shape of their facial features. A．to build B．building C．built D．having been built 独立主格结构的构成 1. 逻辑主语+现在分词 Time permitting, we can finish the work. 2. 逻辑主语+过去分词 Signal given, the bus started. 3. 逻辑主语+形容词/副词 Everything (being) ready, they started out. 4. 逻辑主语+不定式 The teacher to help us, we will succeed. 5. 逻辑主语+介词短语 The old man sat in the chair, book in hand and pipe in mouth. 6. with+复合宾语 The classroom is very bright with all the lights on. He fought the tiger with a stick as his only weapon. 注意： 独立主格结构一般有逗号和句子分开。 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,是独立存在的。 独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、不定式等是逻辑上的主动或被动系。 1．（2007·重庆·高考真题）The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons______ for the day. A．finishing B．finished C．had finished D．were finished 2．（2022·天津南开·模拟预测）The interviewers stared back, their blank faces ________ no clue as to what they would say next. A．gave B．had given C．giving D．given 3．（2025·天津·模拟预测）So far, about 40 houses have fallen down under the weight of the snow, with 22 people ______. A．reported injured B．reported injuring C．reporting injured D．reporting injuring 4．（2025·天津·二模）According to online travel platform Fliggy, international travel soared during the May Day holiday, with orders of outbound cruise package ________ by close to 150%. A．rising B．risen C．arisen D．arising 5．（24-25高三上·天津·期中）When I came in, John was sitting in the corner with his hands ________ on his head, nervous for the final result. A．crossed B．crossing C．to cross D．having crossed 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司21 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $