专题05核心知识点+题型训练（选择性必修一）（寒假复习讲义）高二英语外研版

专题05核心知识点+题型训练(选择性必修一)（寒假复习讲义） 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心考点 & 高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：重难点梳理，查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：真题感知 & 综合提升专练，全面突破 考点一 Unit 1 Laugh out loud! 知识精讲 核心词汇（20个） comedy（喜剧）、comedian（喜剧演员）、punch line（笑点，名词短语）、sketch（小品；素描）、humour（幽默）、amuse（使发笑）、entertain（娱乐；招待）、joke（笑话）、funny（滑稽的）、witty（机智的）、ridiculous（荒谬的）、silly（傻的）、absurd（荒唐的）、laughter（笑声）、smile（微笑）、giggle（咯咯笑）、chuckle（轻声笑）、tease（取笑）、mock（嘲笑）、amusing（有趣的） 核心短语（15个） laugh out loud（大声笑）、make fun of（取笑）、play jokes on（开……的玩笑）、burst into laughter（突然大笑）、in the funniest part（在最有趣的部分）、when it comes to（当谈到）、remind sb of（使某人想起）、in one’s opinion（在某人看来）、crack a joke（讲笑话）、fall about laughing（笑得前仰后合）、die of laughter（笑死）、a sense of humour（幽默感）、lighten the mood（缓和气氛）、break the ice（打破僵局）、look on the bright side（看到光明的一面） 重点句型（6个） 1. When it comes to telling jokes, Tim is always the best.（当谈到讲笑话时，蒂姆总是最厉害的。） 2. I remember seeing this comedian on TV last night.（我记得昨晚在电视上看到这个喜剧演员。） 3. In my opinion, the funniest part of the show is the final sketch.（在我看来，这个节目最有趣的部分是最后的小品。） 4. What makes the audience laugh most is his witty punch lines.（让观众笑得最厉害的是他机智的笑点。） 5. It is the comedian’s humour that amuses everyone present.（正是这位喜剧演员的幽默逗笑了在场的所有人。） 6. She entertained the guests with funny stories all night.（她整晚都用有趣的故事招待客人。） 语法知识精讲 非限制性定语从句（Non-defining attributive clauses） 1. 核心特征：用逗号与主句隔开，对先行词进行补充说明，去掉后主句语义完整；不可用that引导，关系词也不能省略。 2. 关系词选用：指人用who/whom/whose，指物用which/whose，指时间/地点用when/where；which还可指代整个主句内容。 例：The comedian, who is from Britain, is very popular in China.（who指人，补充说明喜剧演员） 例：His latest sketch, which was performed last night, won great applause.（which指物，补充说明小品） 3. 高考易错点：避免误用that，注意逗号的使用；which指代主句时，翻译为“这一点/这件事”。 好题精练 一、单词拼写（10道） 1. The audience burst into l______ when they heard the punch line.（笑声） 2. It’s not polite to t______ your classmates for their mistakes.（取笑） 3. The c______ told a series of funny stories and made everyone laugh.（喜剧演员） 4. Her w______ reply to the question surprised and amused all of us.（机智的） 5. That idea sounds a little a______—no one will believe it.（荒唐的） 6. We watched a short s______ performed by a group of students at the party.（小品） 7. He just gave me a smile and c______ quietly to himself.（轻声笑） 8. The little girl g______ when she saw the cute puppy in the box.（咯咯笑） 9. The film is a c______ that is full of interesting and relaxing moments.（喜剧） 10. His ridiculous behavior e______ all the people around the table last night.（娱乐） 二、单句语法填空（10道） 1. The comedian, ______ we saw on TV last night, will come to our city for a show. 2. His latest sketch, ______ won the first prize in the competition, is very popular online. 3. I still remember the day ______ we watched the comedy show together. 4. This is the theatre ______ the famous comedian usually gives performances. 5. She told me a funny story, ______ made me laugh to tears. 6. My cousin, ______ sense of humour is very good, often tells jokes at family parties. 7. The little boy, ______ is only five years old, can recite many funny poems. 8. We visited the village ______ the comedian spent his childhood. 9. He made a joke about the teacher, ______ made everyone in the class feel embarrassed. 10. The book, ______ cover is blue, tells many interesting stories about comedians. 知识精讲 核心词汇（20个） hardship（艰难）、success（成功）、inspire（激励）、overcome（克服）、challenge（挑战）、concern（关心；担忧）、comfort（安慰）、struggle（奋斗）、effort（努力）、ambition（抱负）、determination（决心）、perseverance（毅力）、courage（勇气）、brave（勇敢的）、confident（自信的）、optimistic（乐观的）、pessimistic（悲观的）、defeat（击败）、fail（失败）、achieve（实现） 核心短语（15个） cheer up（振作起来）、face challenges（面对挑战）、overcome difficulties（克服困难）、give up（放弃）、stick to（坚持）、in spite of（尽管）、thanks to（多亏）、make progress（取得进步）、achieve success（取得成功）、rise to the challenge（迎接挑战）、deal with（处理）、care about（关心）、be concerned about（关心；担忧）、things will get better（情况会好转）、go through hardships（经历艰难） 重点句型（6个） 1. I’m sorry to hear that you failed the exam.（听说你考试不及格，我很遗憾。） 2. Cheer up! You can try again next time.（振作起来！你下次可以再试。） 3. Things will get better as long as you keep working hard.（只要你继续努力，情况会好转的。） 4. It is his perseverance that helps him overcome the hardship.（正是他的毅力帮助他克服了困难。） 5. What inspires us most is his positive attitude towards failure.（最激励我们的是他对失败的积极态度。） 6. He is determined to achieve his dream no matter what challenges he faces.（无论面临什么挑战，他都决心实现梦想。） 语法知识精讲 -ing和不定式作宾语（-ing and to-infinitive as object） 1. 只接-ing作宾语的动词：表“喜欢、避免、完成”等，如enjoy、mind、finish、avoid、suggest、practise等。 例：She enjoys singing songs to cheer up others.（她喜欢唱歌让别人振作。） 2. 只接to do作宾语的动词：表“想要、决定、希望”等，如want、decide、hope、plan、refuse、manage等。 例：He decided to overcome the difficulty by himself.（他决定自己克服困难。） 3. 接-ing和to do意义不同的动词：如forget（forget doing忘记做过/forget to do忘记去做）、remember、regret等。 例：I remember meeting her at a party.（我记得在派对上见过她。） 例：I remember to send her a birthday gift.（我记得要给她寄生日礼物。） 好题精练 一、单词拼写题（10道） 1. We should have the c______ to face all kinds of difficulties in life. 2. With great d______, he finally passed the difficult exam. 3. Her a______ is to become a famous scientist in the future. 4. After many years of hard work, she a______ her dream successfully. 5. P______ is needed if you want to learn a foreign language well. 6. Don’t be p______ about the result; just try your best. 7. He tried his best but still d______ by his opponent in the game. 8. The teacher often e______ us to work hard and never give up. 9. She went through many h______ in her childhood but never complained. 10. We should s______ to our goals and never give up easily. 二、单句语法填空题（10道） 1. She enjoys ______ (listen) to music when she feels upset. 2. He decided ______ (overcome) the difficulty with the help of his friends. 3. I remember ______ (meet) him once at a conference last year. 4. Don’t forget ______ (turn) off the lights when you leave the classroom. 5. The teacher suggested ______ (hold) a party to cheer up the students. 6. She managed ______ (finish) the task ahead of time. 7. We should avoid ______ (make) the same mistake again. 8. He regretted ______ (tell) her the bad news, which made her sad. 9. I hope ______ (achieve) success through my own efforts. 10. It’s no use ______ (cry) over spilt milk. 考点三 Unit 3 Faster, higher, stronger 知识精讲 核心词汇（20个） sports（运动）、event（赛事）、champion（冠军）、victory（胜利）、compete（竞争）、athletic（运动的）、agree（同意）、disagree（不同意）、race（比赛）、record（记录）、medal（奖牌）、athlete（运动员）、stadium（体育场）、coach（教练）、train（训练）、effort（努力）、skill（技能）、strength（力量）、speed（速度）、endurance（耐力） 核心短语（15个） compete in（参加……比赛）、win the championship（赢得冠军）、take part in（参加）、break the record（打破记录）、set a record（创造记录）、in favour of（支持）、be against（反对）、totally agree（完全同意）、the reason is that（原因是）、play a role in（在……中起作用）、go for gold（冲击金牌）、make every effort（尽一切努力）、team spirit（团队精神）、fair play（公平竞赛）、on the sports field（在运动场上） 重点句型（6个） 1. I totally agree that athletes should be role models for young people.（我完全同意运动员应该成为年轻人的榜样。） 2. The reason is that he has been training hard for years.（原因是他已经刻苦训练了多年。） 3. She competes in the 100-metre race and has won many medals.（她参加100米赛跑，赢得了许多奖牌。） 4. It is important that athletes follow the rules of fair play.（运动员遵守公平竞赛规则很重要。） 5. What makes him a champion is his strong will and daily training.（让他成为冠军的是他坚强的意志和日常训练。） 6. Not only does he have great speed, but he also has excellent endurance.（他不仅速度快，而且耐力极好。） 语法知识精讲 -ing作主语（-ing as subject） 1. 核心用法：-ing形式作主语表抽象、习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数；也可用it作形式主语，将-ing短语后置，结构为It is + adj./n. + doing sth。 例：Running is good for our health.（跑步对我们的健康有益。） 例：It is no use complaining about the result of the game.（抱怨比赛结果是没用的。） 2. 与不定式作主语的区别：-ing表抽象/习惯，不定式表具体/将来。 例：Swimming in the sea is dangerous.（抽象，泛指游泳） 例：To swim in the sea tomorrow is my plan.（具体，特指明天游泳） 3. 并列-ing作主语：若指同一动作，谓语用单数；若指不同动作，谓语用复数。 例：Singing and dancing is her hobby.（同一爱好，单数） 例：Singing and playing the guitar are his skills.（不同技能，复数） 好题精练 一、单词拼写题（10道） 1. She won the first prize and became the world c________ of the 100 - metre race. 2. Our school built a new s________ last year, which can hold 5,000 people. 3. The young a________ has been training hard for the coming Olympic Games. 4. He tried his best to break the world r________ in the high jump event. 5. After years of hard t________, she finally made it to the national team. 6. It takes great e________ to finish a marathon race. 7. The coach always tells us that s________ is very important in team sports. 8. Long - distance running requires both s________ and e________（两空）. 9. She was awarded a gold m________ for her excellent performance in the competition. 10. F________ play is the basic principle that every athlete should follow. 二、单句语法填空题（10道） 1. ________ (run) every morning is a good way to keep healthy. 2. It is no good ________ (complain) about the bad weather before the match. 3. ________ (not only) he ________ (have) a strong body, but he also has a brave heart. 4. The reason why he failed the competition is that he ________ (not train) hard enough. 5. What makes him a good coach ________ (be) his patience and rich experience. 6. ________ (take) part in after - school sports can help students relax. 7. Not only the students but also their teacher ________ (be) in favour of the sports meeting. 8. It is important that we ________ (follow) the rules of fair play in any competition. 9. ________ (break) the record in the 200 - metre race made him famous all over the country. 10. Singing and dancing ________ (be) what she enjoys most in her spare time. 考点四 Unit 4 Meeting the muse 知识精讲 核心词汇（20个） artwork（艺术品）、exhibition（展览）、brush（画笔；刷子）、lens（镜头）、creativity（创造力）、painting（绘画）、drawing（素描）、sculpture（雕塑）、photography（摄影）、artist（艺术家）、painter（画家）、sculptor（雕塑家）、photographer（摄影师）、gallery（画廊）、masterpiece（杰作）、style（风格）、colour（颜色）、shape（形状）、texture（质地）、abstract（抽象的） 核心短语（15个） art exhibition（艺术展览）、works of art（艺术品）、impress sb with sth（用某物给某人留下印象）、be honoured if（如果……将感到荣幸）、in the style of（以……风格）、a sense of beauty（美感）、combine...with...（把……和……结合）、draw inspiration from（从……汲取灵感）、on display（展出）、at the gallery（在画廊）、take photos of（拍……的照片）、work with a brush（用画笔创作）、artistic creation（艺术创作）、pay attention to（注意）、in addition（此外） 重点句型（6个） 1. This artwork impresses me because of its unique style.（这件艺术品因其独特的风格给我留下了深刻印象。） 2. We would be honoured if you could come to our art exhibition.（如果你能来我们的艺术展，我们将感到荣幸。） 3. The painter combines traditional skills with modern ideas in his works.（这位画家在作品中把传统技巧和现代理念结合起来。） 4. What makes the sculpture special is its creative use of materials.（让这座雕塑特别的是其对材料的创造性使用。） 5. It is in this gallery that many famous masterpieces are on display.（就是在这家画廊里展出了许多著名的杰作。） 6. She draws inspiration from nature when she creates paintings.（她创作绘画时从自然中汲取灵感。） 语法知识精讲 不定式、-ing和-ed作表语（to-infinitive, -ing and -ed as predicative）& 复合形容词 1. 不定式作表语：表主语的内容、目的或将来动作，可与主语互换位置。 例：Her dream is to become a famous painter.（表内容） 2. -ing作表语：表主语的特征、性质，主语多为事物，译为“令人……的”。 例：This artwork is very inspiring.（这件艺术品很令人鼓舞。） 3. -ed作表语：表主语的状态、感受，主语多为人，译为“感到……的”。 例：We are impressed by the photographer’s works.（我们对这位摄影师的作品印象深刻。） 4. 复合形容词：由两个或多个词构成，用来修饰名词，常见形式有“形容词+名词-ed”（e.g. kind-hearted）、“副词+现在分词”（e.g. hard-working）、“数词+名词”（e.g. five-year）等，需注意连字符的使用和名词的单复数。 例：She is a warm-hearted artist.（她是一位热心的艺术家。） 例：This is a well-painted picture.（这是一幅画得很好的画。） 好题精练 一、单词拼写（10道） 1. The little boy showed great c______ when he designed his own cartoon characters. 2. All the a______ on display are made by local young artists. 3. My uncle works as a p______ and he has held three photo exhibitions so far. 4. The famous s______ spent three years carving this huge stone into a horse. 5. We visited a g______ downtown yesterday and saw many world-famous masterpieces. 6. This painting is done in the s______ of Picasso, so it looks quite special. 7. The t______ of this cloth is very soft, so it's perfect for making dresses. 8. The artist's m______ has been sold at a very high price at the auction. 9. This a______ painting is hard to understand, but it attracts a lot of art lovers. 10. The s______ of the building is like a big egg, which surprises many passers-by. 二、单句语法填空（10道） 1. Her main aim is ______ (promote) traditional art among young people. 2. The story behind the painting is so ______ (move) that many visitors cry when they hear it. 3. The girl felt ______ (inspire) after she visited the art exhibition last week. 4. This is a ______ (well-design) poster, so it has caught many people's attention. 5. What makes the film special ______ (be) its amazing visual effects. 6. It is in this studio that the artist ______ (create) most of his masterpieces. 7. The young painter combines ______ (tradition) skills with modern technology in his works. 8. She draws inspiration from ______ (nature) scenes when she paints. 9. We would be honoured if you ______ (accept) our invitation to the art festival. 10. The ______ (colour) pictures on the wall are all drawn by the students in our class. 考点五 Unit 5 Revealing nature 知识精讲 核心词汇（20个） seed（种子）、biodiversity（生物多样性）、plant（植物）、nature（自然）、document（记录；文件）、confirm（确认）、check（核实；检查）、species（物种）、wildlife（野生生物）、ecology（生态）、environment（环境）、conservation（保护）、explore（探索）、discover（发现）、observe（观察）、research（研究）、survey（调查）、analyse（分析）、sample（样本）、survive（生存） 核心短语（15个） reveal nature（揭示自然）、biodiversity conservation（生物多样性保护）、do research on（对……做研究）、carry out a survey（进行调查）、take samples（采集样本）、observe wildlife（观察野生生物）、confirm the facts（核实事实）、in addition（此外）、it’s worth noting that（值得注意的是）、adapt to the environment（适应环境）、depend on（依靠）、play a vital role in（在……中起重要作用）、die out（灭绝）、in the wild（在野外）、learn about（了解） 重点句型（6个） 1. Could you tell me more about the biodiversity in this area?（你能告诉我更多关于这个地区的生物多样性的信息吗？） 2. In addition, it’s worth noting that many species are in danger of extinction.（此外，值得注意的是许多物种正面临灭绝的危险。） 3. We have confirmed that the plant only grows in this special habitat.（我们已经确认这种植物只生长在这个特殊的栖息地。） 4. It is important to do research on how to protect wildlife in the wild.（研究如何保护野外的野生生物很重要。） 5. What we need to do first is to carry out a survey of the local plants.（我们首先需要做的是对当地的植物进行调查。） 6. She spent years observing the behaviour of the animals and documenting her findings.（她花了数年时间观察动物的行为并记录她的发现。） 语法知识精讲 过去完成时（Past perfect） 1. 核心结构：had + 过去分词（否定式：had not/hadn’t + 过去分词；疑问式：Had + 主语 + 过去分词？） 2. 用法：表“过去的过去”，即一个动作发生在另一个过去动作之前，需有明确的过去参照点（如by then、before + 一般过去时）。 例：By the time we arrived, the researchers had already collected all the samples.（我们到达时，研究人员已经采集了所有样本。） 3. 与一般过去时的区别：一般过去时表过去某个时间发生的动作，过去完成时强调动作的先后顺序。 例：He discovered the new plant.（一般过去时，仅表过去的动作） 例：He told me that he had discovered the new plant the day before.（过去完成时，“发现”在“告诉”之前） 4. 常见时间状语：by 2020、before last week、when/after/before + 一般过去时从句。 好题精练 一、单词拼写（10道） 1. The government has taken measures to promote the c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of endangered species. 2. Scientists a_ _ _ _ _ _ the data and drew a conclusion about the plant’s growth pattern. 3. We need to t_ _ _ _ s_ _ _ _ _ _ of the soil to test its nutrient content. 4. This rare s_ _ _ _ _ of bird can only be found in the remote mountains. 5. The b_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of the rainforest is under threat due to deforestation. 6. It is essential for animals to a_ _ _ _ _ to the changing environment to s_ _ _ _ _ _. 7. The team will c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ whether the new drug is effective for the disease. 8. The professor has been doing r_ _ _ _ _ _ on marine ecology for over ten years. 9. They c_ _ _ _ _ o_ _ a survey to find out people’s attitudes towards wildlife protection. 10. We should o_ _ _ _ _ _ the behaviour of the animals carefully and d_ _ _ _ _ _ _ every detail. 二、单句语法填空（10道） 1. By the time the police arrived, the thief _ _ _ _ _ _ (run) away. 2. She said that she _ _ _ _ _ _ (never see) such a beautiful butterfly before. 3. We _ _ _ _ _ _ (finish) the work before the manager came back. 4. The research team _ _ _ _ _ _ (collect) 500 samples by the end of last month. 5. He realized that he _ _ _ _ _ _ (leave) his notebook in the laboratory. 6. When I got to the station, the train _ _ _ _ _ _ (already leave). 7. They told us they _ _ _ _ _ _ (carry) out three surveys since last year. 8. Before she became a biologist, she _ _ _ _ _ _ (study) ecology for five years. 9. The scientist found that the plant _ _ _ _ _ _ (adapt) to the dry climate for thousands of years. 10. I didn’t know that they _ _ _ _ _ _ (confirm) the result of the experiment. 考点六 Unit 6 Nurturing nature 知识精讲 核心词汇（20个） heritage（遗产）、UNESCO（联合国教科文组织）、preserve（保护；保存）、environment（环境）、tourism（旅游业）、persuade（说服）、compromise（妥协）、protect（保护）、conserve（保存）、damage（损害）、destroy（破坏）、pollute（污染）、sustainable（可持续的）、develop（发展）、balance（平衡）、responsibility（责任）、measure（措施）、action（行动）、aware（意识到的）、campaign（运动） 核心短语（15个） nurture nature（呵护自然）、cultural heritage（文化遗产）、natural heritage（自然遗产）、preserve the environment（保护环境）、persuade sb to do sth（说服某人做某事）、meet halfway（妥协；各让一步）、environmental protection（环境保护）、tourism development（旅游业发展）、balance between...and...（……和……之间的平衡）、take measures（采取措施）、take action（采取行动）、raise awareness（提高意识）、do harm to（对……有害）、in harmony with（与……和谐相处）、on the other hand（另一方面） 重点句型（6个） 1. I think we should protect the natural heritage because it is irreplaceable.（我认为我们应该保护自然遗产，因为它是不可替代的。） 2. Maybe we can meet halfway and limit the number of tourists in the area.（也许我们可以各让一步，限制这个地区的游客数量。） 3. It is our responsibility to take measures to preserve the environment.（采取措施保护环境是我们的责任。） 4. What we need is a balance between tourism development and environmental protection.（我们需要的是旅游业发展和环境保护之间的平衡。） 5. She persuaded the government to carry out new laws to protect the wildlife.（她说服政府实施新的法律来保护野生生物。） 6. Not only do we need to protect the heritage, but we also need to let people know its importance.（我们不仅需要保护遗产，还需要让人们知道它的重要性。） 语法知识精讲 现在完成进行时（Present perfect continuous） 1. 核心结构：have/has + been + 现在分词（否定式：have/has not/haven’t/hasn’t + been + 现在分词；疑问式：Have/Has + 主语 + been + 现在分词？） 2. 用法：表动作从过去开始，持续到现在，且仍在进行，侧重动作的过程和持续性；也可表近期反复发生的动作。 例：They have been working on the environmental protection project for two years.（他们已经从事这个环保项目两年了，仍在进行。） 例：She has been persuading the local people to protect the forest recently.（她最近一直在劝说当地人保护森林。） 3. 与现在完成时的区别：现在完成时侧重动作的结果或完成，现在完成进行时侧重动作的过程和持续。 例：I have read this book about nature.（现在完成时，表读完了） 例：I have been reading this book about nature for a week.（现在完成进行时，表还在读） 4. 常见时间状语：for + 时间段、since + 时间点、recently、lately、all day。 好题精练 一、单词拼写（10道） 1. The Great Wall is a famous cultural h_______ of China. 2. UNESCO aims to p_______ the world's natural and cultural treasures. 3. We should take action to reduce pollution and protect the e_______. 4. The local government is trying to b_______ economic development and environmental protection. 5. It's everyone's r_______ to care for the earth we live on. 6. The factory has caused great d_______ to the nearby river with its waste water. 7. We need to raise people's a_______ of the importance of saving energy. 8. Many countries are taking effective m_______ to deal with climate change. 9. The environmental organization launched a c_______ to encourage people to plant more trees. 10. We should pursue s_______ development instead of sacrificing nature for profit. 二、单句语法填空（10道） 1. They _______ (work) on the nature reserve project since last year. 2. The volunteers _______ (persuade) local farmers to give up hunting recently. 3. _______ she _______ (collect) information about cultural heritage for a long time? 4. He _______ (not, take) any action to protect the wildlife up to now. 5. The team _______ (carry) out environmental surveys all month. 6. What _______ you _______ (do) to promote sustainable tourism lately? 7. She _______ (learn) about environmental protection laws since she entered university. 8. The factory _______ (not, reduce) its waste emission since the new rule was issued. 9. We _______ (discuss) the balance between tourism and conservation for two hours. 10. The environmentalists _______ (campaign) for cleaner air for several years. 真题感知 1.（2024·江苏卷·语法填空）We visited the factory, 32 ______ products are exported to more than 50 countries around the world. 2.（2025·全国新课标I卷·语法填空）My hometown, ______ I spent my childhood, has changed a lot over the past decade. 3.（2024·全国乙卷·语法填空）She decided ______ (devote) all her spare time to learning painting. 4.（2025·浙江卷·单项选择）The boy admitted ______ (break) the window when he was playing football.（A. break B. breaking C. to break D. broken） 5.（2024·新高考I卷·语法填空）______ (exercise) regularly is beneficial to our physical and mental health. 6.（2025·天津卷·单项填空）______ is no use crying over spilt milk.（A. That B. This C. It D. What） 7.（2024·山东卷·语法填空）The result of the experiment is ______ (surprise), which makes us excited. 8.（2025·湖北卷·语法填空）My job is ______ (take) care of the elderly in the community center. 9.（2024·四川卷·语法填空）By the time we arrived at the station, the train ______ (leave) already. 10.（2025·广东卷·单项选择）He said he ______ (finish) reading the novel before he came to the party.（A. has finished B. had finished C. finished D. would finish） 11.（2024·重庆卷·语法填空）She ______ (work) on the project for three months, and she will finish it next week. 12.（2025·湖南卷·单项填空）—Why are you tired? —I ______ (clean) the house all morning.（A. cleaned B. have cleaned C. have been cleaning D. am cleaning） 综合提升练 一、单项选择（10题） 1. We visited the theater, ______ performances are popular with young people. A. whose B. which C. that 2. She decided ______ (overcome) all the hardships and keep going. A. overcome B. to overcome C. overcoming 3. ______ (compete) in the sports meeting is a great chance to show ourselves. A. Compete B. To compete C. Competing 4. The artwork is ______ (impress) and it makes everyone amazed. A. impress B. impressive C. impressed 5. By the time we got to the forest, the researchers ______ (document) the biodiversity for a year. A. documented B. had documented C. have documented 6. They ______ (protect) the environment for five years and they will continue to do so. A. have been protecting B. protected C. protect 7. ______ I can see, the funniest part of the comedy is the punch line. A. As B. Which C. That 8. I totally agree ______ his opinion that sports can build up our body. A. to B. with C. on 9. We would be honoured if you ______ (accept) our invitation to the art exhibition. A. accept B. accepted C. will accept 10. It’s worth ______ (note) that the plant is a rare species in this area. A. note B. to note C. noting 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空（10题） 1. The comedian, ______ (amuse) the audience with his jokes, is very popular. 2. Cheer up! Things ______ (get) better soon if you work hard. 3. The reason why he won the championship is that he ______ (train) hard for months. 4. This painting, ______ (create) by a famous artist, is on show in the exhibition. 5. By the end of last month, we ______ (confirm) all the facts about the natural reserve. 6. I think we ______ (should) protect the heritage sites because they are precious. 7. ______ (inspire) by his story, many people decided to face hardships bravely. 8. They ______ (discuss) the environmental problem since this morning and they haven’t reached an agreement yet. 9. It is important ______ (preserve) the biodiversity of the rainforest. 10. The sports event, ______ (attract) many athletes from all over the world, will be held next month. 三、语法选择（10题） 1. The comedy show, ______ we watched last night, made us laugh a lot. A. that B. which C. who 2. He refused ______ up even though he met many difficulties. A. give B. to give C. giving 3. ______ hard is the key to success in sports competitions. A. Train B. Training C. Trained 4. The brush ______ by the artist is made of animal hair. A. use B. used C. using 5. She ______ the plant for two years before she moved to this city. A. had planted B. planted C. has planted 6. The workers ______ the heritage site for three months and they will finish the work next week. A. protect B. protected C. have been protecting 7. In my opinion, ______ is important to keep a positive attitude towards hardships. A. this B. it C. that 8. I disagree ______ him because his plan is not practical. A. with B. to C. about 9. We would be honoured if you ______ to our art exhibition next week. A. come B. came C. will come 10. It’s worth ______ that the biodiversity of this area is in danger. A. mention B. to mention C. mentioning 四、语法填空（语篇型）（10题） Laughing is a great way to relax, and comedy shows 1 ______ (make) people laugh for centuries. Last week, we went to a theater, 2 ______ a famous comedian gave a performance. His jokes were so funny that the funniest part 3 ______ (make) everyone laugh loudly. In my opinion, 4 ______ (have) a sense of humour helps us face hardships bravely. When it comes to success, it’s important 5 ______ (overcome) challenges. A friend of mine, 6 ______ is a sports champion, told me that he 7 ______ (train) hard for years before he won the first prize. He also said that 8 ______ (compete) in sports events taught him the spirit of perseverance. We are now studying the biodiversity of a forest, where we 9 ______ (document) the plants and animals for six months. It’s worth 10 ______ (note) that protecting nature is everyone’s duty. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05核心知识点+题型训练(选择性必修一)（寒假复习讲义） 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心考点 & 高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：重难点梳理，查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：真题感知 & 综合提升专练，全面突破 考点一 Unit 1 Laugh out loud! 知识精讲 核心词汇（20个） comedy（喜剧）、comedian（喜剧演员）、punch line（笑点，名词短语）、sketch（小品；素描）、humour（幽默）、amuse（使发笑）、entertain（娱乐；招待）、joke（笑话）、funny（滑稽的）、witty（机智的）、ridiculous（荒谬的）、silly（傻的）、absurd（荒唐的）、laughter（笑声）、smile（微笑）、giggle（咯咯笑）、chuckle（轻声笑）、tease（取笑）、mock（嘲笑）、amusing（有趣的） 核心短语（15个） laugh out loud（大声笑）、make fun of（取笑）、play jokes on（开……的玩笑）、burst into laughter（突然大笑）、in the funniest part（在最有趣的部分）、when it comes to（当谈到）、remind sb of（使某人想起）、in one’s opinion（在某人看来）、crack a joke（讲笑话）、fall about laughing（笑得前仰后合）、die of laughter（笑死）、a sense of humour（幽默感）、lighten the mood（缓和气氛）、break the ice（打破僵局）、look on the bright side（看到光明的一面） 重点句型（6个） 1. When it comes to telling jokes, Tim is always the best.（当谈到讲笑话时，蒂姆总是最厉害的。） 2. I remember seeing this comedian on TV last night.（我记得昨晚在电视上看到这个喜剧演员。） 3. In my opinion, the funniest part of the show is the final sketch.（在我看来，这个节目最有趣的部分是最后的小品。） 4. What makes the audience laugh most is his witty punch lines.（让观众笑得最厉害的是他机智的笑点。） 5. It is the comedian’s humour that amuses everyone present.（正是这位喜剧演员的幽默逗笑了在场的所有人。） 6. She entertained the guests with funny stories all night.（她整晚都用有趣的故事招待客人。） 语法知识精讲 非限制性定语从句（Non-defining attributive clauses） 1. 核心特征：用逗号与主句隔开，对先行词进行补充说明，去掉后主句语义完整；不可用that引导，关系词也不能省略。 2. 关系词选用：指人用who/whom/whose，指物用which/whose，指时间/地点用when/where；which还可指代整个主句内容。 例：The comedian, who is from Britain, is very popular in China.（who指人，补充说明喜剧演员） 例：His latest sketch, which was performed last night, won great applause.（which指物，补充说明小品） 3. 高考易错点：避免误用that，注意逗号的使用；which指代主句时，翻译为“这一点/这件事”。 好题精练 一、单词拼写（10道） 1. The audience burst into l______ when they heard the punch line.（笑声） 2. It’s not polite to t______ your classmates for their mistakes.（取笑） 3. The c______ told a series of funny stories and made everyone laugh.（喜剧演员） 4. Her w______ reply to the question surprised and amused all of us.（机智的） 5. That idea sounds a little a______—no one will believe it.（荒唐的） 6. We watched a short s______ performed by a group of students at the party.（小品） 7. He just gave me a smile and c______ quietly to himself.（轻声笑） 8. The little girl g______ when she saw the cute puppy in the box.（咯咯笑） 9. The film is a c______ that is full of interesting and relaxing moments.（喜剧） 10. His ridiculous behavior e______ all the people around the table last night.（娱乐） 答案： 1. laughter 固定搭配burst into laughter，意为“突然大笑”，laughter为不可数名词。 2. tease 动词，意为“取笑”，句型It’s not polite to do sth.中用动词原形。 3. comedian 可数名词，意为“喜剧演员”，根据后面的told可知用单数形式。 4. witty 形容词，意为“机智的”，用来修饰名词reply。 5. absurd 形容词，意为“荒唐的”，在系动词sound后作表语。 6. sketch 可数名词，意为“小品”，前面有不定冠词a，用单数形式。 7. chuckled 动词，意为“轻声笑”，根据前面的gave可知用一般过去时。 8. giggled 动词，意为“咯咯笑”，根据后面的saw可知用一般过去时。 9. comedy 可数名词，意为“喜剧”，前面有不定冠词a，用单数形式。 10. entertained 动词，意为“娱乐”，根据时间状语last night可知用一般过去时。 二、单句语法填空（10道） 1. The comedian, ______ we saw on TV last night, will come to our city for a show. 2. His latest sketch, ______ won the first prize in the competition, is very popular online. 3. I still remember the day ______ we watched the comedy show together. 4. This is the theatre ______ the famous comedian usually gives performances. 5. She told me a funny story, ______ made me laugh to tears. 6. My cousin, ______ sense of humour is very good, often tells jokes at family parties. 7. The little boy, ______ is only five years old, can recite many funny poems. 8. We visited the village ______ the comedian spent his childhood. 9. He made a joke about the teacher, ______ made everyone in the class feel embarrassed. 10. The book, ______ cover is blue, tells many interesting stories about comedians. 答案： 1. whom 先行词为the comedian（指人），在非限制性定语从句中作saw的宾语，用whom。 2. which 先行词为sketch（指物），非限制性定语从句中缺主语，用which，不能用that。 3. when 先行词为the day（指时间），非限制性定语从句中缺时间状语，用when。 4. where 先行词为the theatre（指地点），非限制性定语从句中缺地点状语，用where。 5. which 关系词指代前面整个句子的内容，非限制性定语从句中缺主语，用which。 6. whose 先行词为my cousin，与sense of humour为所属关系，用whose。 7. who 先行词为the little boy（指人），非限制性定语从句中缺主语，用who。 8. where 先行词为the village（指地点），非限制性定语从句中缺地点状语，用where。 9. which 关系词指代前面整个句子的内容，非限制性定语从句中缺主语，用which。 10. whose 先行词为the book，与cover为所属关系，用whose。 考点二 Unit 2 Onwards and upwards 知识精讲 核心词汇（20个） hardship（艰难）、success（成功）、inspire（激励）、overcome（克服）、challenge（挑战）、concern（关心；担忧）、comfort（安慰）、struggle（奋斗）、effort（努力）、ambition（抱负）、determination（决心）、perseverance（毅力）、courage（勇气）、brave（勇敢的）、confident（自信的）、optimistic（乐观的）、pessimistic（悲观的）、defeat（击败）、fail（失败）、achieve（实现） 核心短语（15个） cheer up（振作起来）、face challenges（面对挑战）、overcome difficulties（克服困难）、give up（放弃）、stick to（坚持）、in spite of（尽管）、thanks to（多亏）、make progress（取得进步）、achieve success（取得成功）、rise to the challenge（迎接挑战）、deal with（处理）、care about（关心）、be concerned about（关心；担忧）、things will get better（情况会好转）、go through hardships（经历艰难） 重点句型（6个） 1. I’m sorry to hear that you failed the exam.（听说你考试不及格，我很遗憾。） 2. Cheer up! You can try again next time.（振作起来！你下次可以再试。） 3. Things will get better as long as you keep working hard.（只要你继续努力，情况会好转的。） 4. It is his perseverance that helps him overcome the hardship.（正是他的毅力帮助他克服了困难。） 5. What inspires us most is his positive attitude towards failure.（最激励我们的是他对失败的积极态度。） 6. He is determined to achieve his dream no matter what challenges he faces.（无论面临什么挑战，他都决心实现梦想。） 语法知识精讲 -ing和不定式作宾语（-ing and to-infinitive as object） 1. 只接-ing作宾语的动词：表“喜欢、避免、完成”等，如enjoy、mind、finish、avoid、suggest、practise等。 例：She enjoys singing songs to cheer up others.（她喜欢唱歌让别人振作。） 2. 只接to do作宾语的动词：表“想要、决定、希望”等，如want、decide、hope、plan、refuse、manage等。 例：He decided to overcome the difficulty by himself.（他决定自己克服困难。） 3. 接-ing和to do意义不同的动词：如forget（forget doing忘记做过/forget to do忘记去做）、remember、regret等。 例：I remember meeting her at a party.（我记得在派对上见过她。） 例：I remember to send her a birthday gift.（我记得要给她寄生日礼物。） 好题精练 一、单词拼写题（10道） 1. We should have the c______ to face all kinds of difficulties in life. 2. With great d______, he finally passed the difficult exam. 3. Her a______ is to become a famous scientist in the future. 4. After many years of hard work, she a______ her dream successfully. 5. P______ is needed if you want to learn a foreign language well. 6. Don’t be p______ about the result; just try your best. 7. He tried his best but still d______ by his opponent in the game. 8. The teacher often e______ us to work hard and never give up. 9. She went through many h______ in her childhood but never complained. 10. We should s______ to our goals and never give up easily. 答案： 1. courage 2. determination 3. ambition 4. achieved 5. Perseverance 6. pessimistic 7. was defeated 8. inspires 9. hardships 10. stick 1. 句意：我们应该有勇气面对生活中的各种困难。根据句意和首字母提示，填 courage（勇气）。 2. 句意：凭借极大的决心，他最终通过了这场难度大的考试。根据句意和首字母提示，填 determination（决心）。 3. 句意：她的抱负是未来成为一名著名的科学家。根据句意和首字母提示，填 ambition（抱负）。 4. 句意：经过多年的努力，她成功实现了自己的梦想。根据语境用一般过去时，填 achieved（实现）。 5. 句意：如果你想学好一门外语，毅力是必不可少的。根据句意和首字母提示，填 Perseverance（毅力）。 6. 句意：不要对结果持悲观态度，只管尽全力就好。根据句意和首字母提示，填 pessimistic（悲观的）。 7. 句意：他拼尽全力，但还是在比赛中被对手击败了。主语和“击败”是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，填 was defeated。 8. 句意：老师经常激励我们努力学习，永不放弃。主语为单数，时态为一般现在时，填 inspires（激励）。 9. 句意：她童年经历了许多艰难困苦，却从未抱怨过。many后接可数名词复数，填 hardships（艰难）。 10. 句意：我们应该坚守自己的目标，不轻易放弃。stick to 为固定短语，意为“坚持”，填 stick。 二、单句语法填空题（10道） 1. She enjoys ______ (listen) to music when she feels upset. 2. He decided ______ (overcome) the difficulty with the help of his friends. 3. I remember ______ (meet) him once at a conference last year. 4. Don’t forget ______ (turn) off the lights when you leave the classroom. 5. The teacher suggested ______ (hold) a party to cheer up the students. 6. She managed ______ (finish) the task ahead of time. 7. We should avoid ______ (make) the same mistake again. 8. He regretted ______ (tell) her the bad news, which made her sad. 9. I hope ______ (achieve) success through my own efforts. 10. It’s no use ______ (cry) over spilt milk. 答案： 1. listening 2. to overcome 3. meeting 4. to turn 5. holding 6. to finish 7. making 8. telling 9. to achieve 10. crying 1. listening：enjoy 后接动名词作宾语，固定用法为 enjoy doing sth.，意为“喜欢做某事”。 2. to overcome：decide 后接不定式作宾语，固定用法为 decide to do sth.，意为“决定做某事”。 3. meeting：根据时间状语“last year”可知，此处表示“记得做过某事”，用 remember doing sth. 结构。 4. to turn：此处表示“忘记去做某事（事情未做）”，用 forget to do sth. 结构。 5. holding：suggest 后接动名词作宾语，固定用法为 suggest doing sth.，意为“建议做某事”。 6. to finish：manage 后接不定式作宾语，固定用法为 manage to do sth.，意为“设法做成某事”。 7. making：avoid 后接动名词作宾语，固定用法为 avoid doing sth.，意为“避免做某事”。 8. telling：此处表示“后悔做过某事（事情已做）”，用 regret doing sth. 结构。 9. to achieve：hope 后接不定式作宾语，固定用法为 hope to do sth.，意为“希望做某事”。 10. crying：固定句型 It’s no use doing sth.，意为“做某事是没用的”，动名词作真正的主语。 考点三 Unit 3 Faster, higher, stronger 知识精讲 核心词汇（20个） sports（运动）、event（赛事）、champion（冠军）、victory（胜利）、compete（竞争）、athletic（运动的）、agree（同意）、disagree（不同意）、race（比赛）、record（记录）、medal（奖牌）、athlete（运动员）、stadium（体育场）、coach（教练）、train（训练）、effort（努力）、skill（技能）、strength（力量）、speed（速度）、endurance（耐力） 核心短语（15个） compete in（参加……比赛）、win the championship（赢得冠军）、take part in（参加）、break the record（打破记录）、set a record（创造记录）、in favour of（支持）、be against（反对）、totally agree（完全同意）、the reason is that（原因是）、play a role in（在……中起作用）、go for gold（冲击金牌）、make every effort（尽一切努力）、team spirit（团队精神）、fair play（公平竞赛）、on the sports field（在运动场上） 重点句型（6个） 1. I totally agree that athletes should be role models for young people.（我完全同意运动员应该成为年轻人的榜样。） 2. The reason is that he has been training hard for years.（原因是他已经刻苦训练了多年。） 3. She competes in the 100-metre race and has won many medals.（她参加100米赛跑，赢得了许多奖牌。） 4. It is important that athletes follow the rules of fair play.（运动员遵守公平竞赛规则很重要。） 5. What makes him a champion is his strong will and daily training.（让他成为冠军的是他坚强的意志和日常训练。） 6. Not only does he have great speed, but he also has excellent endurance.（他不仅速度快，而且耐力极好。） 语法知识精讲 -ing作主语（-ing as subject） 1. 核心用法：-ing形式作主语表抽象、习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数；也可用it作形式主语，将-ing短语后置，结构为It is + adj./n. + doing sth。 例：Running is good for our health.（跑步对我们的健康有益。） 例：It is no use complaining about the result of the game.（抱怨比赛结果是没用的。） 2. 与不定式作主语的区别：-ing表抽象/习惯，不定式表具体/将来。 例：Swimming in the sea is dangerous.（抽象，泛指游泳） 例：To swim in the sea tomorrow is my plan.（具体，特指明天游泳） 3. 并列-ing作主语：若指同一动作，谓语用单数；若指不同动作，谓语用复数。 例：Singing and dancing is her hobby.（同一爱好，单数） 例：Singing and playing the guitar are his skills.（不同技能，复数） 好题精练 一、单词拼写题（10道） 1. She won the first prize and became the world c________ of the 100 - metre race. 2. Our school built a new s________ last year, which can hold 5,000 people. 3. The young a________ has been training hard for the coming Olympic Games. 4. He tried his best to break the world r________ in the high jump event. 5. After years of hard t________, she finally made it to the national team. 6. It takes great e________ to finish a marathon race. 7. The coach always tells us that s________ is very important in team sports. 8. Long - distance running requires both s________ and e________（两空）. 9. She was awarded a gold m________ for her excellent performance in the competition. 10. F________ play is the basic principle that every athlete should follow. 答案： 1. champion 2. stadium 3. athlete 4. record 5. training 6. effort 7. team spirit 8. speed; endurance 9. medal 10. Fair 1. 句意：她赢得了一等奖，成为了100米赛跑的世界冠军。根据语境和首字母提示，填champion。 2. 句意：我们学校去年建了一个新体育场，能容纳5000人。根据“hold 5,000 people”和首字母提示，填stadium。 3. 句意：这位年轻的运动员一直在为即将到来的奥运会刻苦训练。根据“training hard”和首字母提示，填athlete。 4. 句意：他尽全力想要打破跳高项目的世界纪录。根据“break the world”和首字母提示，填record。 5. 句意：经过多年的刻苦训练，她最终进入了国家队。根据“made it to the national team”和首字母提示，填training。 6. 句意：完成马拉松比赛需要付出巨大的努力。根据“finish a marathon race”和首字母提示，填effort。 7. 句意：教练总是告诉我们团队精神在团体运动中非常重要。根据“team sports”和首字母提示，填team spirit。 8. 句意：长跑既需要速度也需要耐力。根据“Long - distance running”和首字母提示，分别填speed和endurance。 9. 句意：她因在比赛中的出色表现被授予一枚金牌。根据“gold”和首字母提示，填medal。 10. 句意：公平竞赛是每个运动员都应该遵守的基本原则。根据“basic principle”和首字母提示，填Fair。 二、单句语法填空题（10道） 1. ________ (run) every morning is a good way to keep healthy. 2. It is no good ________ (complain) about the bad weather before the match. 3. ________ (not only) he ________ (have) a strong body, but he also has a brave heart. 4. The reason why he failed the competition is that he ________ (not train) hard enough. 5. What makes him a good coach ________ (be) his patience and rich experience. 6. ________ (take) part in after - school sports can help students relax. 7. Not only the students but also their teacher ________ (be) in favour of the sports meeting. 8. It is important that we ________ (follow) the rules of fair play in any competition. 9. ________ (break) the record in the 200 - metre race made him famous all over the country. 10. Singing and dancing ________ (be) what she enjoys most in her spare time. 答案： 1. Running 2. complaining 3. Not only does; have 4. didn’t train 5. is 6. Taking 7. is 8. (should) follow 9. Breaking 10. is 1. 考查 -ing 形式作主语。句意：每天早上跑步是保持健康的好方法。此处用动名词作主语表示抽象习惯性动作，填Running。 2. 考查固定句型。句意：比赛前抱怨糟糕的天气是没有用的。固定结构“It is no good doing sth.”表示“做某事没有用”，填complaining。 3. 考查倒装句。句意：他不仅身体强壮，而且内心勇敢。“not only”位于句首时，句子用部分倒装，主语是he，谓语动词have为实义动词，借助助动词does，填Not only does; have。 4. 考查时态。句意：他比赛失败的原因是训练不够刻苦。根据“failed”可知，此处用一般过去时的否定形式，填didn’t train。 5. 考查主谓一致。句意：让他成为一名好教练的是他的耐心和丰富的经验。“what”引导的主语从句作主语，谓语动词通常用单数形式，句子为一般现在时，填is。 6. 考查 -ing 形式作主语。句意：参加课后体育运动能帮助学生放松。此处用动名词作主语表示抽象动作，填Taking。 7. 考查主谓一致。句意：不仅学生们，他们的老师也赞成举办运动会。“not only...but also...”连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，靠近的主语是“their teacher”，为单数，句子为一般现在时，填is。 8. 考查虚拟语气。句意：在任何比赛中遵守公平竞赛规则对我们来说很重要。“It is important that...”句型中，that从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should) do”形式，填**(should) follow**。 9. 考查 -ing 形式作主语。句意：打破200米赛跑的纪录让他全国闻名。此处用动名词作主语表示具体的动作，填Breaking。 10. 考查主谓一致。句意：唱歌跳舞是她业余时间最喜欢的事情。“singing and dancing”指的是同一种爱好，谓语动词用单数形式，句子为一般现在时，填is。 考点四 Unit 4 Meeting the muse 知识精讲 核心词汇（20个） artwork（艺术品）、exhibition（展览）、brush（画笔；刷子）、lens（镜头）、creativity（创造力）、painting（绘画）、drawing（素描）、sculpture（雕塑）、photography（摄影）、artist（艺术家）、painter（画家）、sculptor（雕塑家）、photographer（摄影师）、gallery（画廊）、masterpiece（杰作）、style（风格）、colour（颜色）、shape（形状）、texture（质地）、abstract（抽象的） 核心短语（15个） art exhibition（艺术展览）、works of art（艺术品）、impress sb with sth（用某物给某人留下印象）、be honoured if（如果……将感到荣幸）、in the style of（以……风格）、a sense of beauty（美感）、combine...with...（把……和……结合）、draw inspiration from（从……汲取灵感）、on display（展出）、at the gallery（在画廊）、take photos of（拍……的照片）、work with a brush（用画笔创作）、artistic creation（艺术创作）、pay attention to（注意）、in addition（此外） 重点句型（6个） 1. This artwork impresses me because of its unique style.（这件艺术品因其独特的风格给我留下了深刻印象。） 2. We would be honoured if you could come to our art exhibition.（如果你能来我们的艺术展，我们将感到荣幸。） 3. The painter combines traditional skills with modern ideas in his works.（这位画家在作品中把传统技巧和现代理念结合起来。） 4. What makes the sculpture special is its creative use of materials.（让这座雕塑特别的是其对材料的创造性使用。） 5. It is in this gallery that many famous masterpieces are on display.（就是在这家画廊里展出了许多著名的杰作。） 6. She draws inspiration from nature when she creates paintings.（她创作绘画时从自然中汲取灵感。） 语法知识精讲 不定式、-ing和-ed作表语（to-infinitive, -ing and -ed as predicative）& 复合形容词 1. 不定式作表语：表主语的内容、目的或将来动作，可与主语互换位置。 例：Her dream is to become a famous painter.（表内容） 2. -ing作表语：表主语的特征、性质，主语多为事物，译为“令人……的”。 例：This artwork is very inspiring.（这件艺术品很令人鼓舞。） 3. -ed作表语：表主语的状态、感受，主语多为人，译为“感到……的”。 例：We are impressed by the photographer’s works.（我们对这位摄影师的作品印象深刻。） 4. 复合形容词：由两个或多个词构成，用来修饰名词，常见形式有“形容词+名词-ed”（e.g. kind-hearted）、“副词+现在分词”（e.g. hard-working）、“数词+名词”（e.g. five-year）等，需注意连字符的使用和名词的单复数。 例：She is a warm-hearted artist.（她是一位热心的艺术家。） 例：This is a well-painted picture.（这是一幅画得很好的画。） 好题精练 一、单词拼写（10道） 1. The little boy showed great c______ when he designed his own cartoon characters. 2. All the a______ on display are made by local young artists. 3. My uncle works as a p______ and he has held three photo exhibitions so far. 4. The famous s______ spent three years carving this huge stone into a horse. 5. We visited a g______ downtown yesterday and saw many world-famous masterpieces. 6. This painting is done in the s______ of Picasso, so it looks quite special. 7. The t______ of this cloth is very soft, so it's perfect for making dresses. 8. The artist's m______ has been sold at a very high price at the auction. 9. This a______ painting is hard to understand, but it attracts a lot of art lovers. 10. The s______ of the building is like a big egg, which surprises many passers-by. 答案： 1. creativity 2. artworks 3. photographer 4. sculptor 5. gallery 6. style 7. texture 8. masterpiece 9. abstract 10. shape 1. 句意：这个小男孩设计自己的卡通人物时展现出极强的创造力。结合核心词汇 creativity（创造力）可知答案。 2. 句意：展出的所有艺术品都是当地青年艺术家创作的。由 on display（展出）及核心词汇 artwork 可知答案，根据谓语动词 are 用复数形式。 3. 句意：我叔叔是一名摄影师，至今已举办过三次摄影展。由 photo exhibitions 及核心词汇 photographer（摄影师）可知答案。 4. 句意：这位著名的雕塑家花了三年时间把这块巨石雕刻成一匹马。由 carving this huge stone 及核心词汇 sculptor（雕塑家）可知答案。 5. 句意：我们昨天参观了市中心的一家画廊，看到了许多世界闻名的杰作。由 saw many world-famous masterpieces 及核心词汇 gallery（画廊）可知答案。 6. 句意：这幅画是以毕加索的风格创作的，因此看起来十分特别。in the style of 为核心短语，意为“以……风格”。 7. 句意：这块布料的质地非常柔软，很适合做连衣裙。结合核心词汇 texture（质地）及 soft 可知答案。 8. 句意：这位艺术家的杰作在拍卖会上拍出了很高的价格。masterpiece 为核心词汇，意为“杰作”。 9. 句意：这幅抽象画很难理解，但吸引了许多艺术爱好者。结合核心词汇 abstract（抽象的）可知答案。 10. 句意：这座建筑的形状像一个大鸡蛋，让许多路人感到惊奇。结合核心词汇 shape（形状）可知答案。 二、单句语法填空（10道） 1. Her main aim is ______ (promote) traditional art among young people. 2. The story behind the painting is so ______ (move) that many visitors cry when they hear it. 3. The girl felt ______ (inspire) after she visited the art exhibition last week. 4. This is a ______ (well-design) poster, so it has caught many people's attention. 5. What makes the film special ______ (be) its amazing visual effects. 6. It is in this studio that the artist ______ (create) most of his masterpieces. 7. The young painter combines ______ (tradition) skills with modern technology in his works. 8. She draws inspiration from ______ (nature) scenes when she paints. 9. We would be honoured if you ______ (accept) our invitation to the art festival. 10. The ______ (colour) pictures on the wall are all drawn by the students in our class. 答案： 1. to promote 2. moving 3. inspired 4. well-designed 5. is 6. created 7. traditional 8. natural 9. accept 10. colourful 1. 考查不定式作表语。不定式可表主语的目的，句中主语 aim 决定了表语用不定式结构，故填 to promote。 2. 考查 -ing 形容词作表语。主语 the story 为事物，moving 意为“令人感动的”，用于描述事物的特征。 3. 考查 -ed 形容词作表语。主语 the girl 是人，inspired 意为“受到鼓舞的”，用于描述人的感受。 4. 考查复合形容词。“副词+过去分词”构成复合形容词，well-designed 意为“设计精良的”，用来修饰名词 poster。 5. 考查主谓一致。What 引导的主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，结合语境用一般现在时，故填 is。 6. 考查强调句。强调句结构为 It is + 被强调部分 + that + 其余部分，句中强调地点状语，从句谓语动词结合语境用一般过去时，故填 created。 7. 考查词性转换。修饰名词 skills 需用形容词，tradition 的形容词形式为 traditional（传统的）。 8. 考查词性转换。修饰名词 scenes 需用形容词，nature 的形容词形式为 natural（自然的）。 9. 考查虚拟语气。would be honoured if... 结构中，if 从句用一般现在时表虚拟，故填 accept。 10. 考查词性转换。修饰名词 pictures 需用形容词，colour 的形容词形式为 colourful（色彩鲜艳的）。 考点五 Unit 5 Revealing nature 知识精讲 核心词汇（20个） seed（种子）、biodiversity（生物多样性）、plant（植物）、nature（自然）、document（记录；文件）、confirm（确认）、check（核实；检查）、species（物种）、wildlife（野生生物）、ecology（生态）、environment（环境）、conservation（保护）、explore（探索）、discover（发现）、observe（观察）、research（研究）、survey（调查）、analyse（分析）、sample（样本）、survive（生存） 核心短语（15个） reveal nature（揭示自然）、biodiversity conservation（生物多样性保护）、do research on（对……做研究）、carry out a survey（进行调查）、take samples（采集样本）、observe wildlife（观察野生生物）、confirm the facts（核实事实）、in addition（此外）、it’s worth noting that（值得注意的是）、adapt to the environment（适应环境）、depend on（依靠）、play a vital role in（在……中起重要作用）、die out（灭绝）、in the wild（在野外）、learn about（了解） 重点句型（6个） 1. Could you tell me more about the biodiversity in this area?（你能告诉我更多关于这个地区的生物多样性的信息吗？） 2. In addition, it’s worth noting that many species are in danger of extinction.（此外，值得注意的是许多物种正面临灭绝的危险。） 3. We have confirmed that the plant only grows in this special habitat.（我们已经确认这种植物只生长在这个特殊的栖息地。） 4. It is important to do research on how to protect wildlife in the wild.（研究如何保护野外的野生生物很重要。） 5. What we need to do first is to carry out a survey of the local plants.（我们首先需要做的是对当地的植物进行调查。） 6. She spent years observing the behaviour of the animals and documenting her findings.（她花了数年时间观察动物的行为并记录她的发现。） 语法知识精讲 过去完成时（Past perfect） 1. 核心结构：had + 过去分词（否定式：had not/hadn’t + 过去分词；疑问式：Had + 主语 + 过去分词？） 2. 用法：表“过去的过去”，即一个动作发生在另一个过去动作之前，需有明确的过去参照点（如by then、before + 一般过去时）。 例：By the time we arrived, the researchers had already collected all the samples.（我们到达时，研究人员已经采集了所有样本。） 3. 与一般过去时的区别：一般过去时表过去某个时间发生的动作，过去完成时强调动作的先后顺序。 例：He discovered the new plant.（一般过去时，仅表过去的动作） 例：He told me that he had discovered the new plant the day before.（过去完成时，“发现”在“告诉”之前） 4. 常见时间状语：by 2020、before last week、when/after/before + 一般过去时从句。 好题精练 一、单词拼写（10道） 1. The government has taken measures to promote the c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of endangered species. 2. Scientists a_ _ _ _ _ _ the data and drew a conclusion about the plant’s growth pattern. 3. We need to t_ _ _ _ s_ _ _ _ _ _ of the soil to test its nutrient content. 4. This rare s_ _ _ _ _ of bird can only be found in the remote mountains. 5. The b_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of the rainforest is under threat due to deforestation. 6. It is essential for animals to a_ _ _ _ _ to the changing environment to s_ _ _ _ _ _. 7. The team will c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ whether the new drug is effective for the disease. 8. The professor has been doing r_ _ _ _ _ _ on marine ecology for over ten years. 9. They c_ _ _ _ _ o_ _ a survey to find out people’s attitudes towards wildlife protection. 10. We should o_ _ _ _ _ _ the behaviour of the animals carefully and d_ _ _ _ _ _ _ every detail. 答案： 1. conservation 2. analysed 3. take; samples 4. species 5. biodiversity 6. adapt; survive 7. confirm 8. research 9. carried; out 10. observe; document 1. 句意：政府已经采取措施促进濒危物种的保护。根据语境和首字母提示，填 conservation（保护）。 2. 句意：科学家分析了数据，得出了关于这种植物生长模式的结论。根据语境和首字母提示，且与 drew 并列，填 analysed（分析）。 3. 句意：我们需要采集土壤样本测试其营养成分。根据语境和首字母提示，填 take; samples（采集样本），need to 后接动词原形。 4. 句意：这种珍稀鸟类物种只能在偏远山区被发现。根据语境和首字母提示，填 species（物种），单复数同形。 5. 句意：雨林的生物多样性正因滥砍滥伐而受到威胁。根据语境和首字母提示，填 biodiversity（生物多样性）。 6. 句意：动物必须适应不断变化的环境才能生存。根据语境和首字母提示，填 adapt（适应）和 survive（生存），to 后接动词原形。 7. 句意：该团队将确认这种新药是否对这种疾病有效。根据语境和首字母提示，且 will 后接动词原形，填 confirm（确认）。 8. 句意：这位教授已经从事海洋生态学研究十多年了。根据语境和首字母提示，填 research（研究），do research on 为固定搭配。 9. 句意：他们开展了一项调查，了解人们对野生动物保护的态度。根据语境和首字母提示，填 carried; out（开展），此处用一般过去时。 10. 句意：我们应该仔细观察动物的行为，并记录每一个细节。根据语境和首字母提示，且 should 后接动词原形，填 observe（观察）和 document（记录）。 二、单句语法填空（10道） 1. By the time the police arrived, the thief _ _ _ _ _ _ (run) away. 2. She said that she _ _ _ _ _ _ (never see) such a beautiful butterfly before. 3. We _ _ _ _ _ _ (finish) the work before the manager came back. 4. The research team _ _ _ _ _ _ (collect) 500 samples by the end of last month. 5. He realized that he _ _ _ _ _ _ (leave) his notebook in the laboratory. 6. When I got to the station, the train _ _ _ _ _ _ (already leave). 7. They told us they _ _ _ _ _ _ (carry) out three surveys since last year. 8. Before she became a biologist, she _ _ _ _ _ _ (study) ecology for five years. 9. The scientist found that the plant _ _ _ _ _ _ (adapt) to the dry climate for thousands of years. 10. I didn’t know that they _ _ _ _ _ _ (confirm) the result of the experiment. 答案： 1. had run 2. had never seen 3. had finished 4. had collected 5. had left 6. had already left 7. had carried 8. had studied 9. had adapted 10. had confirmed 1. 解析：by the time 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句动作发生在从句动作之前，表“过去的过去”，用过去完成时，故填 had run。 2. 解析：宾语从句中，“从未见过”这一动作发生在“说”之前，“说”用了一般过去时，从句用过去完成时，故填 had never seen。 3. 解析：before 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句动作“完成工作”发生在“经理回来”之前，用过去完成时，故填 had finished。 4. 解析：by the end of last month 是过去完成时的标志性时间状语，表“到上个月月底为止”，动作已完成，故填 had collected。 5. 解析：宾语从句中，“落下笔记本”发生在“意识到”之前，“意识到”用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时，故填 had left。 6. 解析：when 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句动作“火车离开”发生在“到达车站”之前，用过去完成时，故填 had already left。 7. 解析：宾语从句中，“开展调查”的动作发生在“告诉”之前，“告诉”用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时，故填 had carried。 8. 解析：before 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句动作“学习生态学”发生在“成为生物学家”之前，用过去完成时，故填 had studied。 9. 解析：宾语从句中，“适应干旱气候”的动作发生在“发现”之前，“发现”用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时，故填 had adapted。 10. 解析：宾语从句中，“确认实验结果”的动作发生在“知道”之前，“知道”用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时，故填 had confirmed。 考点六 Unit 6 Nurturing nature 知识精讲 核心词汇（20个） heritage（遗产）、UNESCO（联合国教科文组织）、preserve（保护；保存）、environment（环境）、tourism（旅游业）、persuade（说服）、compromise（妥协）、protect（保护）、conserve（保存）、damage（损害）、destroy（破坏）、pollute（污染）、sustainable（可持续的）、develop（发展）、balance（平衡）、responsibility（责任）、measure（措施）、action（行动）、aware（意识到的）、campaign（运动） 核心短语（15个） nurture nature（呵护自然）、cultural heritage（文化遗产）、natural heritage（自然遗产）、preserve the environment（保护环境）、persuade sb to do sth（说服某人做某事）、meet halfway（妥协；各让一步）、environmental protection（环境保护）、tourism development（旅游业发展）、balance between...and...（……和……之间的平衡）、take measures（采取措施）、take action（采取行动）、raise awareness（提高意识）、do harm to（对……有害）、in harmony with（与……和谐相处）、on the other hand（另一方面） 重点句型（6个） 1. I think we should protect the natural heritage because it is irreplaceable.（我认为我们应该保护自然遗产，因为它是不可替代的。） 2. Maybe we can meet halfway and limit the number of tourists in the area.（也许我们可以各让一步，限制这个地区的游客数量。） 3. It is our responsibility to take measures to preserve the environment.（采取措施保护环境是我们的责任。） 4. What we need is a balance between tourism development and environmental protection.（我们需要的是旅游业发展和环境保护之间的平衡。） 5. She persuaded the government to carry out new laws to protect the wildlife.（她说服政府实施新的法律来保护野生生物。） 6. Not only do we need to protect the heritage, but we also need to let people know its importance.（我们不仅需要保护遗产，还需要让人们知道它的重要性。） 语法知识精讲 现在完成进行时（Present perfect continuous） 1. 核心结构：have/has + been + 现在分词（否定式：have/has not/haven’t/hasn’t + been + 现在分词；疑问式：Have/Has + 主语 + been + 现在分词？） 2. 用法：表动作从过去开始，持续到现在，且仍在进行，侧重动作的过程和持续性；也可表近期反复发生的动作。 例：They have been working on the environmental protection project for two years.（他们已经从事这个环保项目两年了，仍在进行。） 例：She has been persuading the local people to protect the forest recently.（她最近一直在劝说当地人保护森林。） 3. 与现在完成时的区别：现在完成时侧重动作的结果或完成，现在完成进行时侧重动作的过程和持续。 例：I have read this book about nature.（现在完成时，表读完了） 例：I have been reading this book about nature for a week.（现在完成进行时，表还在读） 4. 常见时间状语：for + 时间段、since + 时间点、recently、lately、all day。 好题精练 一、单词拼写（10道） 1. The Great Wall is a famous cultural h_______ of China. 2. UNESCO aims to p_______ the world's natural and cultural treasures. 3. We should take action to reduce pollution and protect the e_______. 4. The local government is trying to b_______ economic development and environmental protection. 5. It's everyone's r_______ to care for the earth we live on. 6. The factory has caused great d_______ to the nearby river with its waste water. 7. We need to raise people's a_______ of the importance of saving energy. 8. Many countries are taking effective m_______ to deal with climate change. 9. The environmental organization launched a c_______ to encourage people to plant more trees. 10. We should pursue s_______ development instead of sacrificing nature for profit. 答案： 1. heritage 2. preserve 3. environment 4. balance 5. responsibility 6. damage 7. aware 8. measures 9. campaign 10. sustainable 1. 句意：长城是中国著名的文化遗产。结合核心词汇 heritage（遗产）可知答案。 2. 句意：联合国教科文组织旨在保护世界自然和文化瑰宝。结合核心词汇 preserve（保护；保存）及不定式符号to可知用动词原形。 3. 句意：我们应该采取行动减少污染，保护环境。结合核心词汇 environment（环境）可知答案。 4. 句意：当地政府正努力平衡经济发展与环境保护。结合核心词汇 balance（平衡）及try to do sth结构可知用动词原形。 5. 句意：爱护我们赖以生存的地球是每个人的责任。结合核心词汇 responsibility（责任）可知答案。 6. 句意：这家工厂的废水对附近河流造成了巨大损害。结合核心词汇 damage（损害）可知答案。 7. 句意：我们需要提高人们节约能源重要性的意识。结合核心词汇 aware（意识到的）及短语raise one's awareness可知答案。 8. 句意：许多国家正在采取有效措施应对气候变化。结合核心词汇 measure（措施）及语境可知用复数形式measures。 9. 句意：这个环保组织发起了一项鼓励人们多种树的运动。结合核心词汇 campaign（运动）可知答案。 10. 句意：我们应该追求可持续发展，而不是为了利益牺牲自然。结合核心词汇 sustainable（可持续的）可知答案。 二、单句语法填空（10道） 1. They _______ (work) on the nature reserve project since last year. 2. The volunteers _______ (persuade) local farmers to give up hunting recently. 3. _______ she _______ (collect) information about cultural heritage for a long time? 4. He _______ (not, take) any action to protect the wildlife up to now. 5. The team _______ (carry) out environmental surveys all month. 6. What _______ you _______ (do) to promote sustainable tourism lately? 7. She _______ (learn) about environmental protection laws since she entered university. 8. The factory _______ (not, reduce) its waste emission since the new rule was issued. 9. We _______ (discuss) the balance between tourism and conservation for two hours. 10. The environmentalists _______ (campaign) for cleaner air for several years. 答案： 1. have been working 2. have been persuading 3. Has; been collecting 4. hasn’t been taking 5. have been carrying 6. have; been doing 7. has been learning 8. hasn’t been reducing 9. have been discussing 10. have been campaigning 1. 时间状语since last year提示用现在完成进行时，主语they为复数，故填have been working。 2. 时间状语recently提示用现在完成进行时，主语the volunteers为复数，故填have been persuading。 3. 时间状语for a long time提示用现在完成进行时，主语she为第三人称单数，一般疑问句需将has提前，故填Has; been collecting。 4. 时间状语up to now提示用现在完成进行时，主语he为第三人称单数，否定形式为hasn’t been doing，故填hasn’t been taking。 5. 时间状语all month提示用现在完成进行时，主语the team表复数概念（队员们），故填have been carrying。 6. 时间状语lately提示用现在完成进行时，主语you为第二人称，特殊疑问句结构为“特殊疑问词+have+主语+been doing”，故填have; been doing。 7. 时间状语since she entered university提示用现在完成进行时，主语she为第三人称单数，故填has been learning。 8. 时间状语since the new rule was issued提示用现在完成进行时，主语the factory为第三人称单数，否定形式为hasn’t been doing，故填hasn’t been reducing。 9. 时间状语for two hours提示用现在完成进行时，主语we为复数，故填have been discussing。 10. 时间状语for several years提示用现在完成进行时，主语the environmentalists为复数，故填have been campaigning。 真题感知 1.（2024·江苏卷·语法填空）We visited the factory, 32 ______ products are exported to more than 50 countries around the world. 答案：whose 解析：考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为the factory，与products构成所属关系，用whose作定语，指代“工厂的”产品。 2.（2025·全国新课标I卷·语法填空）My hometown, ______ I spent my childhood, has changed a lot over the past decade. 答案：where 解析：非限制性定语从句修饰先行词hometown，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。 3.（2024·全国乙卷·语法填空）She decided ______ (devote) all her spare time to learning painting. 答案：to devote 解析：decide后接不定式作宾语，固定搭配为decide to do sth.，表示“决定做某事”。 4.（2025·浙江卷·单项选择）The boy admitted ______ (break) the window when he was playing football.（A. break B. breaking C. to break D. broken） 答案：B 解析：admit后接动名词作宾语，固定搭配为admit doing sth.，表示“承认做过某事”。 5.（2024·新高考I卷·语法填空）______ (exercise) regularly is beneficial to our physical and mental health. 答案：Exercising 解析：考查-ing形式作主语，此处用动名词短语作句子主语，谓语动词用单数形式is。 6.（2025·天津卷·单项填空）______ is no use crying over spilt milk.（A. That B. This C. It D. What） 答案：C 解析：考查it作形式主语，真正主语是后面的动名词短语crying over spilt milk，固定句型为It is no use doing sth.（做某事没用）。 7.（2024·山东卷·语法填空）The result of the experiment is ______ (surprise), which makes us excited. 答案：surprising 解析：surprising作表语，修饰事物the result，表示“令人惊讶的”；-ed形式的surprised常修饰人，表示“感到惊讶的”。 8.（2025·湖北卷·语法填空）My job is ______ (take) care of the elderly in the community center. 答案：to take 解析：不定式作表语，说明主语job的具体内容，此处用to take表示具体的、将要做的动作。 9.（2024·四川卷·语法填空）By the time we arrived at the station, the train ______ (leave) already. 答案：had left 解析：by the time引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句表示“过去的过去”，用过去完成时had left。 10.（2025·广东卷·单项选择）He said he ______ (finish) reading the novel before he came to the party.（A. has finished B. had finished C. finished D. would finish） 答案：B 解析：宾语从句中，finish的动作发生在said和came之前，是“过去的过去”，用过去完成时had finished。 11.（2024·重庆卷·语法填空）She ______ (work) on the project for three months, and she will finish it next week. 答案：has been working 解析：for three months表示动作从过去持续到现在且仍在进行，用现在完成进行时has been working。 12.（2025·湖南卷·单项填空）—Why are you tired? —I ______ (clean) the house all morning.（A. cleaned B. have cleaned C. have been cleaning D. am cleaning） 答案：C 解析：all morning表示动作从早上开始一直持续到现在，且造成了“累”的结果，用现在完成进行时have been cleaning。 综合提升练 一、单项选择（10题） 1. We visited the theater, ______ performances are popular with young people. A. whose B. which C. that 答案：A 解析：考查非限制性定语从句，先行词the theater与performances构成所属关系，用whose作定语；非限制性定语从句不可用that，which无法表所属。 2. She decided ______ (overcome) all the hardships and keep going. A. overcome B. to overcome C. overcoming 答案：B 解析：decide后接不定式作宾语，固定搭配decide to do sth.，表“决定做某事”。 3. ______ (compete) in the sports meeting is a great chance to show ourselves. A. Compete B. To compete C. Competing 答案：C 解析：动名词作主语，表抽象动作，契合“参加运动会是展示自己的机会”的语义。 4. The artwork is ______ (impress) and it makes everyone amazed. A. impress B. impressive C. impressed 答案：B 解析：形容词impressive作表语，修饰事物the artwork，表“令人印象深刻的”；impressed修饰人，不符合语境。 5. By the time we got to the forest, the researchers ______ (document) the biodiversity for a year. A. documented B. had documented C. have documented 答案：B 解析：“by the time + 一般过去时”，主句用过去完成时，表“过去的过去”，故用had documented。 6. They ______ (protect) the environment for five years and they will continue to do so. A. have been protecting B. protected C. protect 答案：A 解析：“for five years + 动作持续进行”，用现在完成进行时have been protecting，强调过程。 7. ______ I can see, the funniest part of the comedy is the punch line. A. As B. Which C. That 答案：A 解析：as引导非限制性定语从句，表“正如”，可置于句首；which引导此类从句需在句中，that不可用于非限制性定语从句。 8. I totally agree ______ his opinion that sports can build up our body. A. to B. with C. on 答案：B 解析：固定搭配agree with sb./one’s opinion，表“同意某人/某人的观点”。 9. We would be honoured if you ______ (accept) our invitation to the art exhibition. A. accept B. accepted C. will accept 答案：B 解析：虚拟语气，if从句用一般过去时accepted，表对现在的虚拟，符合邀请句型的用法。 10. It’s worth ______ (note) that the plant is a rare species in this area. A. note B. to note C. noting 答案：C 解析：固定搭配it’s worth doing sth.，表“值得做某事”，动名词noting作真正宾语。 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空（10题） 1. The comedian, ______ (amuse) the audience with his jokes, is very popular. 答案：who amuses 解析：先行词The comedian（人）作主语，用who，从句用一般现在时，谓语为amuses。 2. Cheer up! Things ______ (get) better soon if you work hard. 答案：will get 解析：“soon”表将来，用一般将来时will get，契合“安慰他人”的句型语境。 3. The reason why he won the championship is that he ______ (train) hard for months. 答案：has trained 解析：“for months”表过去动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时has trained。 4. This painting, ______ (create) by a famous artist, is on show in the exhibition. 答案：created 解析：过去分词作定语，表被动，修饰the painting，相当于which was created。 5. By the end of last month, we ______ (confirm) all the facts about the natural reserve. 答案：had confirmed 解析：“By the end of last month”表“过去的过去”，用过去完成时had confirmed。 6. I think we ______ (should) protect the heritage sites because they are precious. 答案：should 解析：劝说句型I think we should...，用情态动词should表建议。 7. ______ (inspire) by his story, many people decided to face hardships bravely. 答案：Inspired 解析：过去分词作状语，表被动，与逻辑主语many people构成被动关系，意为“被他的故事鼓舞”。 8. They ______ (discuss) the environmental problem since this morning and they haven’t reached an agreement yet. 答案：have been discussing 解析：“since this morning”表动作持续，用现在完成进行时have been discussing。 9. It is important ______ (preserve) the biodiversity of the rainforest. 答案：to preserve 解析：it作形式主语，真正主语是不定式to preserve，符合**It is + adj. + to do sth.**句型。 10. The sports event, ______ (attract) many athletes from all over the world, will be held next month. 答案：which will attract 解析：先行词The sports event作主语，用which，从句表将来，谓语为will attract。 三、语法选择（10题） 1. The comedy show, ______ we watched last night, made us laugh a lot. A. that B. which C. who 答案：B 解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词the comedy show（物）作watched的宾语，用which；that不可用于非限制性定语从句，who指人。 2. He refused ______ up even though he met many difficulties. A. give B. to give C. giving 答案：B 解析：refuse后接不定式作宾语，固定搭配refuse to do sth.，表“拒绝做某事”。 3. ______ hard is the key to success in sports competitions. A. Train B. Training C. Trained 答案：B 解析：动名词作主语，表抽象的动作，用Training。 4. The brush ______ by the artist is made of animal hair. A. use B. used C. using 答案：B 解析：过去分词作定语，表被动，修饰the brush，相当于which was used。 5. She ______ the plant for two years before she moved to this city. A. had planted B. planted C. has planted 答案：A 解析：“before + 一般过去时”，主句用过去完成时，表“过去的过去”，用had planted。 6. The workers ______ the heritage site for three months and they will finish the work next week. A. protect B. protected C. have been protecting 答案：C 解析：“for three months + 动作持续”，用现在完成进行时have been protecting。 7. In my opinion, ______ is important to keep a positive attitude towards hardships. A. this B. it C. that 答案：B 解析：it作形式主语，真正主语是不定式to keep...，符合**It is + adj. + to do sth.**句型。 8. I disagree ______ him because his plan is not practical. A. with B. to C. about 答案：A 解析：固定搭配disagree with sb.，表“不同意某人”。 9. We would be honoured if you ______ to our art exhibition next week. A. come B. came C. will come 答案：B 解析：虚拟语气，if从句用一般过去时came，表对将来的虚拟，符合邀请句型。 10. It’s worth ______ that the biodiversity of this area is in danger. A. mention B. to mention C. mentioning 答案：C 解析：固定搭配it’s worth doing sth.，动名词mentioning作真正宾语。 四、语法填空（语篇型）（10题） Laughing is a great way to relax, and comedy shows 1 ______ (make) people laugh for centuries. Last week, we went to a theater, 2 ______ a famous comedian gave a performance. His jokes were so funny that the funniest part 3 ______ (make) everyone laugh loudly. In my opinion, 4 ______ (have) a sense of humour helps us face hardships bravely. When it comes to success, it’s important 5 ______ (overcome) challenges. A friend of mine, 6 ______ is a sports champion, told me that he 7 ______ (train) hard for years before he won the first prize. He also said that 8 ______ (compete) in sports events taught him the spirit of perseverance. We are now studying the biodiversity of a forest, where we 9 ______ (document) the plants and animals for six months. It’s worth 10 ______ (note) that protecting nature is everyone’s duty. 答案： 1. 答案：have made 解析：“for centuries”表从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时have made。 2. 答案：where 解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词a theater表地点，在从句中作地点状语，用where。 3. 答案：made 解析：“last week”表过去，用一般过去时made。 4. 答案：having 解析：动名词作主语，表抽象动作，用having。 5. 答案：to overcome 解析：it作形式主语，真正主语是不定式to overcome，符合**It is + adj. + to do sth.**句型。 6. 答案：who 解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词a friend of mine（人）作主语，用who。 7. 答案：had trained 解析：“before he won”表“过去的过去”，用过去完成时had trained。 8. 答案：competing 解析：动名词作主语，表抽象动作，用competing。 9. 答案：have been documenting 解析：“for six months”表动作持续进行，用现在完成进行时have been documenting。 10. 答案：noting 解析：固定搭配it’s worth doing sth.，动名词noting作真正宾语。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $