第02讲 Unit4～5单词回顾和词汇拓展(选择性必修一)（寒假复习讲义）高二英语人教版

第02讲 Unit4—5重点单词、短语、句型回顾和词汇拓展精讲精练(选择性必修一) 选修一Unit 4 Body Language 重点单词、短语、句型回顾 1.vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变 [教材原文] Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.就像口语一样，肢体语言也因文化而异。 (1)With the development of economy, there are varieties of goods in stores，varying from daily groceries to luxury goods, which greatly enrich people's life.In addition, the goods vary with the season in variety and quantity.(vary) (2)I like reading very much, especially the story books.They vary from Chinese stories to English stories. →I like reading very much, especially the story books varying from Chinese stories to English stories．(现在分词短语作定语) (3)(应用文之活动安排)如果你来北京旅游，我将安排各种各样的活动，从爬长城到参观颐和园不等。 If you travel to Beijing，I will arrange a variety of/varieties of/various activities，which vary from climbing the Great Wall to visiting the Summer Palace. (1)vary in在……方面不同/有差异 vary with sth.随……而变化 vary from...to...从……到……情况不等 (2)variety n．种类；多样化 a variety of/varieties of各种各样的 the variety of...……的种类 (3)various adj. 各种各样的；具有多种特征的 2.appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的 [教材原文] The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.关键是使用肢体语言的方式要适合你所处的文化。 (1)It is not appropriate to ask (ask) such personal questions in an interview. (2)他随便的穿着不适合这样正式的场合。 His casual clothes were not appropriate to/for such a formal occasion． (3)(2022·全国甲卷，书面表达) It is appropriate for us to do small things in our daily life to protect our oceans. →It is appropriate that we (should) do small things in our daily life to protect our oceans. (It is appropriate that...) (1)be appropriate for/to...＝be suitable for/be fit for适合…… It is appropriate (for sb.) to do sth.(对某人来说)做某事是合适的 It is (not) appropriate that sb.(should) do sth.某人做某事是(不)合适的 (2)appropriately adv.适当地 3.approve vt.批准，通过 vi.赞成；同意 [教材原文] In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of.相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。 (1)We have made adjustments to our plan so that it can meet with your approval (approve). (2)(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷，读后续写)父亲同意这对双胞胎准备母亲节早餐，并且主动提出帮助他们。当看到早餐时，这位高兴的母亲向双胞胎投去赞许的目光。 The father approved of the twins/twins' preparing a Mother's Day breakfast and offered to help them.When seeing the breakfast，the delighted mother gave the twins an approving look． (1)approve of (sb./sb.'s doing) sth.赞成/同意(某人做)某事 be approved by被……批准 (2)approval n．批准，认可；赞成 with/without the approval of经/未经……的批准 give one's approval to...同意/批准…… (3)approving adj.赞成的；同意的 4.witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证 n．目击者；证人 [教材原文] In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money.在日本，如果有人看到另一个人做这个手势，可能会以为是钱的意思。 (1)The police have appealed for witnesses to the accident. (2)(2023·浙江卷1月，应用文写作)上周日，我参加了一个由学生会组织的有意义的活动，名为“认识我们身边的植物”。 Last Sunday witnessed my participating in a meaningful activity named “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us” organized by the Students' Union. (1)witness sth.目击某事发生 (2)give witness to sth.为……作证 be (a) witness to ……的目击者 5.employ vt.使用；应用；雇用 [教材原文] In Japan，someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money.在日本，如果有人看到另一个人做这个手势，可能会以为是钱的意思。 (1)The government has taken effective measures to create more employment (employ) opportunities. (2)(应用文之申请信)如果有幸被雇用，我将不遗余力地回报您的信任。 If I am lucky enough to be employed, I will spare no effort to repay you for your trust. (3)(2021·全国乙卷，书面表达)每天忙于在线学习，我不能匀出时间与老师们和同学们面对面地交流。 →Employed in online learning every day，I can't spare some time to interact with my teachers and classmates face to face.(过去分词短语作状语) →Employing myself in online learning every day，I can't spare some time to interact with my teachers and classmates face to face.(现在分词短语作状语) 6.differ vi.相异；不同于 [教材原文] Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world.甚至我们用来表示“是”与“不是”的手势在世界各地都不一样。 (1)There is no denying that customs differ in this respect. (2)我最尊敬的人是我的班主任，他在教学方面与其他老师不同。在我们的学习上，他先进的教学方法对我们学生有巨大影响。在我们的日常生活中，他教我们如何明辨是非。 The person I respect most is my headteacher who differs from/is different from other teachers in teaching．In our studies，his advanced teaching methods make a great difference to us students．In our daily life，he teaches us how to tell the difference between right and wrong． (3)(2022·全国甲卷，书面表达)一些人认为保护我们的海洋免受污染对我们没有影响，但是我认为海洋保护非常重要。 Some people think that protecting our oceans from being polluted makes no difference to us，but I attach great importance to ocean protection. (1)differ from...与……不同 differ in...在……方面不同 differ with sb.on/about/over...在……上不同意某人的看法 (2)difference n．差异，不同(之处) make a/no difference to sb./sth.对某人/某物有/没有影响 tell the difference between A and B (＝tell A and B apart)区分A和B (3)different adj.不同的，有区别的 be different from...与……不同 7.favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n．帮助；恩惠；赞同；喜爱 [教材原文] Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else.在其他地方，人们见面时更喜欢握手、弯腰鞠躬或者点头。 (1)Our products have good fame at home and abroad, deeply favoured (favour) by customers. (2)机遇和成功往往青睐那些有准备的人。 →Opportunities and success tend to be in favour of those who are ready. →Opportunities and success tend to favour those who are ready. (3)(应用文之结束语)如果你有任何问题，尽管向我求助。 If you have any questions，don't hesitate to ask me a favour/ask a favour of me． (1)do sb.a favour＝do a favour for sb. 帮某人一个忙 ask sb.a favour＝ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙 owe sb.a favour 欠某人一个人情 (be) in favour of＝be for 赞成；主张 (be) against 反对 (2)favourite adj.& n. 特别受喜爱的(人或物) (3)favourable adj.有利的；赞成的 8.break down 出故障；不能运转；消除；打破；分解 [教材原文] A smile can break down barriers.微笑能够消除隔阂。 (1)We had broken up for ten months and we were overwhelmed with grief.So when we ultimately broke down our long-standing barriers，we broke into tears. (2)(2021·浙江卷6月，读后续写)I broke in，“Dad，here is what I received for my work.I think it would help you in some way.”Hearing that，my father broke down． (3)(读后续写之愤怒心理描写)他决心离家出走，怒气冲冲地跑出家门，消失在夜色中。 Determined to break away from home，he ran out of the house in anger and disappeared into the night. break in打断，插嘴说；闯入 break into闯入；强行进入；突然开始 break out(战争)爆发；(火灾)突然发生 break up分解；解散；破裂 break away from脱离，放弃 否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义 9.[教材原文] And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，最美好的事情莫过于看到好朋友的笑脸。 (1)It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was happier (happy) than I was. (2)(读后续写之亲情篇升华句)直到那时我才突然意识到没人比我妈妈更爱我了。 It was not until then that I suddenly realized that nobody loved me more than my mom． (3)(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷，读后续写)大卫向我走来，“我从没见过比你更热心的人了。没有你，我不可能参加大型越野跑，因此，我怎么感谢你也不为过。”他的眼睛里闪烁着激动和感激的泪水。 David walked to me，“I have never seen a more warm-hearted person than you．Without you，I couldn't have participated in the big cross-country run，so I can't thank you enough/too much．” His eyes twinkled with tears of excitement and gratitude. 本句中否定词nothing与比较级better连用，表示最高级的含义。 最高级意义的多种表达法： (1)否定词＋形容词/副词比较级(＋than) (2)否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as 10.in other words 换句话说；也就是说 [教材原文] In other words...换句话说…… (1)We haven't expected his winning.In other words, we are surprised at his winning. (2)前几天她和她的丈夫吵架了，因为他不守信用。他决定真诚地和他的妻子谈一谈，并保证无论发生什么都会遵守诺言。 The other day she had words with her husband because he broke his word．He decided to have a word with his wife sincerely and promised to keep his word no matter what happened. (3)(应用文之餐桌礼仪)总之，吃饭时你用筷子指着其他人是不合适的。 In a/one word，it is not appropriate for you to point your chopsticks at others at dinner. in/beyond words用/无法用语言表达 in a/one word总之，简言之 have a word with与……谈一谈 have words with与……吵嘴 break one's word失信，食言 keep one's word遵守诺言 11.occupy vt.占据；占用(时间、空间等)；使忙碌 [教材原文] With their chins on their hands, they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.他们双手托着下巴，专注地盯着窗外或天花板。 (1)She has been so occupied (occupy) with her work that she hasn't had time for social activities. →She has occupied herself with her work that she hasn't had time for social activities. →So occupied with her work has she been that she hasn't had time for social activities.(倒装结构) (2)(2021·全国甲卷，书面表达)I occupy myself in organizing a class meeting about Chinese traditional cultures at present and I am writing to ask you some suggestions. →Occupying myself in organizing a class meeting about Chinese traditional cultures at present，I am writing to ask you some suggestions.(现在分词短语作状语) →Occupied in organizing a class meeting about Chinese traditional cultures at present，I am writing to ask you some suggestions.(过去分词短语作状语) (1)occupy oneself with sth./(in) doing sth.忙于(做)某事 (2)occupied adj.忙碌的；占用的 be occupied (in) doing sth.忙于做某事 be occupied with (doing) sth.从事/忙于(做)某事 (3)occupation n．工作，职业；占领 12.distinguish vi.& vt.区分；辨别；使有别于；使出众 [教材原文] While it is easy to perceive when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。 (1)It's my pleasure to introduce Chinese painting to our distinguished (distinguish) guests. (2)他作为一名老师在这座城市已经享有盛名。他不仅教我们分辨善恶，而且能够更高效地提高我们的学习成绩。总而言之，他是我最尊敬的杰出老师。 He has distinguished himself as a teacher in the city.Not only does he teach us to distinguish between good and evil but he can improve our academic performances more effectively.In a word，he is the distinguished teacher I respect most. (1)distinguish between...and...区分/辨别……和…… distinguish...from...从……中区分/辨别…… distinguish oneself as...作为……而出众 (2)distinguished adj.卓越的，著名的，杰出的；高贵的 13.embarrassed adj.难堪的；窘迫的；尴尬的 [教材原文] They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed.他们也可能用手捂着脸，仿佛感觉尴尬或羞愧。 (1)He was very surprised to hear (hear) people speak so highly of him. (2)(2021·浙江卷1月，读后续写)To my embarrassment(embarrass)，my head was stuck in the huge pumpkin. →What embarrassed me/What made me embarrassed was that my head was stuck in the huge pumpkin.(what引导的主语从句) (1)be/feel embarrassed to do sth.尴尬于做某事 be/feel embarrassed about/at sth.因……而感到尴尬/窘迫 (2)embarrassment n．难堪；困窘 to one's embarrassment令某人难堪的是 (3)embarrass vt.使难堪，使局促不安 embarrassing adj.令人难堪的 14.ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧 [教材原文] They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed.他们也可能用手捂着脸，仿佛感觉尴尬或羞愧。 (1)She was ashamed to tell (tell) her mother that she had failed again. (2)Ashamed and frustrated (既羞愧又沮丧；形容词作状语)，I felt as if a knife were piercing my heart and tears blurred my eyes. (3)她的脸上泛起了红晕，头轻轻地垂着，眼角上闪着羞愧的泪光。 Her face was flushed，her head was hanging gently，and tears of shame were shining from the corners of her eyes． (1)be/feel ashamed of (doing) sth.对(做)某事感到惭愧 be ashamed to do sth.因惭愧而不情愿做某事；因尴尬而勉强做某事 (2)shame n．羞愧；让人遗憾的事 It's a shame/pity that...令人惋惜的是…… 15.bother vi.& vt. 费心；麻烦；因……操心 n．麻烦；不便 [教材原文] However, if a student does not bother to brush her hair and her eyes are red from weeping, then I can infer that there are deeper issues at work.但是，要是学生都懒得梳头，并且两眼因哭泣而发红，那么我能够推断她遇到了更严重的问题。 (1)I'm sorry to bother you with/about so many questions on such an occasion. (2)使我苦恼的是五月十号前要完成全部工作。 It bothers me to finish the whole work before May 10. (3)在那一点上她与你意见不一致，你感到苦恼吗？ Does it bother you that she disagrees with you on that？ bother sb. with/about sth.为某事打扰或麻烦某人 bother to do sth.费心做某事；操心做某事 It bothers sb. to do sth./that...使某人苦恼的是…… 16.conflict n．矛盾；冲突 vi.冲突；抵触 [教材原文] It could be that she is having serious conflicts with other students or at home.可能是她和其他同学或家里发生了严重的冲突。 (1)The changes are sure to conflict with the old traditions, so we must give them a second thought. (2)(应用文之建议信)得知你和你爸爸有冲突，我写信给你一些建议。 Learning that you have been in conflict with your father，I am writing to offer you some tips. (1)be in conflict with与……相冲突 come into conflict with...与……发生冲突 (2)conflict with与……相冲突 17.adjust vt.调整；调节 vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯 [教材原文] Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities, when to intervene, and when to talk to students individually, so they can all get the most out of school.他们的肢体语言让我知道什么时候该调整课堂活动，什么时候该去干预，什么时候该单独和学生谈话，好让他们都能从学校得到最大的收获。 (1)Brought up in the country, he finds it hard to adjust himself to living (live) in the city. (2)(应用文之建议信)我写信向您寻求关于如何调整(自己)以适应学校生活的建议。 I am writing to turn to you for advice on how to adjust (myself) to school life． (3)(应用文之结束语)如果你有任何问题，请随时与我联系，以便我能对先前的安排做出调整。 →If you have any questions，don't hesitate to contact me so that I can adjust the former arrangements．(adjust) →If you have any questions，don't hesitate to contact me so that I can make adjustments to the former arrangements．(adjustment) (1)adjust sth.to sth.调整……以适应…… adjust to (doing) sth.适应(做)某事 (2)adjustment n．调整；调节 make an adjustment/adjustments to对……做出调整 18.call on (短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请 [教材原文] Some students act this way merely because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher.有些学生之所以这样做，仅仅是因为他们害怕被老师喊到。 (1)The President called upon/on the people to work (work) hard to make the country rich and strong. (2)(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷，读后续写)这对双胞胎在准备母亲节早餐上有很大困难，因此，他们请来父亲帮助他们。父亲和蔼地告诉他们：“做一顿美味的早餐需要极大的耐心和一些技能。” The twins had great difficulty preparing a Mother's Day breakfast，so they called in their father to help them．The father told them kindly，“Cooking a delicious breakfast calls for great patience and some skills．” call on/upon sb.to do sth.号召/呼吁某人做某事 call back回电话；召回；回想起 call in召回；叫……进来 call for需要 除call on/upon sb.之外，表示“拜访”的短语还有以下这些： call at a place拜访某地 drop in on sb.顺便拜访某人 drop in at a place顺便拜访某地 pay a visit to sb./a place拜访某人/某地 19.部分否定 [教材原文] Of course, not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.当然，课堂上并不是每个抬头看的学生都在专心听课。 (1)Not all body languages (并非所有的肢体语言) mean the same thing in different countries. (2)使我尴尬的是他们俩都没有对我的问题作出回应。 What made me embarrassed was that neither of them reacted to my question. (3)(2021·全国甲卷，书面表达)正如你所知道的，并不是所有的中国传统文化都吸引外国朋友。因此，我写信寻求你的建议。 As you know，not all the traditional Chinese cultures are attractive to foreign friends/all the traditional Chinese cultures are not attractive to foreign friends．So I am writing to get your advice. 本句为一个部分否定句。当all，both，each，everybody，everyone，everything，always，whole，entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定副词not连用时，便构成了部分否定，意为“不是……都；并非……都”。no one，no，none，never，nothing，no more，no longer，no way等表示否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用时，构成“全部否定”。 20.have sth.done [教材原文] So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch，it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end. 因此，如果一名学生低头看表，这意味着他很无聊，简直就是在数着时间等下课。 (1)It was cold, and she had the fire burning (burn) day and night. (2)(应用文之建议信)遵循以下建议，你的问题就能得到解决。 Take the following advice and you can have your problems settled． (3)(应用文之道歉信)让你等了这么长时间，我必须向你道歉。今天，我有太多紧急的事情要处理。 I must apologize to you for having you waiting for such a long time．Today，I have so many urgent things to attend to． 句中的has his head lowered为“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。本句中用过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动。 “have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构： (1)have sth.done使某事完成；遭遇某种(不幸的)事情 (2)have sb.do sth.让某人做某事 (3)have sb.doing sth.允许某人做某事(常用于否定句中)；使某人一直做某事(多用于肯定句中) (4)have sth.to do有某事要做(主语自己做) have sth.to be done有某事要做(不是主语自己做) 21.with的复合结构 [教材原文] Their eyes barely move, and they always have the same distant expression on their faces.It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open.他们的眼睛几乎不动，脸上表情疏远呆滞，好像睁着眼睛在睡觉。 (1)The prisoner was led in with his hands tied (tie) to his back. (2)He fell asleep with the light burning (burn). (3)(读后续写之情景描写)有这么多的衣服要洗，我无法出去了。 I can't go out with all these clothes to wash. 句中的with their eyes open是with的复合结构。 (1)with的复合结构在句中常作状语，表示方式或伴随情况，也可作定语。 (2)with复合结构的构成： with＋名词＋形容词/副词/现在分词/过去分词/不定式/介词短语 XB1U4词性转换及短语精练 1、 高频词汇变形 1．________n.交流;相互影响→_______ vi.交流;相互影响 _____n.姿势(=____),手势 造成威胁___________ ______v.打听,询问→_______n.调查;质询 2．____ vi.变化→________adj.多样的(=________)→________ n.变化;多样化(=________) 各种各样的:____________ =______________ =_______ 3．_______(=________=_____=__) adj.合适的→__________ adj.不合适的 和介词____搭配 形近词:________v/n.接/近;___,着手处理;_______ 4．______vi.赞成;同意vt.批准→_______n.赞成;批准→_________(=______=______=______) vi.不赞成 _________adj近似的,大约的 v.近似,接近 5．___________vt.演示,说明;证明;流露(感情)→____________n.集会示威;演示;说明 _______vt.给…加插图;说/阐明;表明→________n.插图,图案 6．________vt.使用(=_______),应用;雇用→__________ n.雇主→_________n.雇工→__________n.雇佣;职业;使用 7．_______ vt.理解;解释(=_______) vt./vi.口译→______________n.解释,说明;诠释→___________ n.口译工作者;口译译员 8．_______ vi.相异;不同于→________adj.相异的;不同的→__________ n.不同;相异 ___________adj.不关心的,冷淡的;中立的 9．______n.支持,喜爱,帮忙,恩惠v.偏袒/爱;支持,更喜欢;有利于→_________adj.喜爱的;受优惠的;有特权的→_________ adj.给人好印象的;赞同的;支持的;有利的 10．____n.愤怒vt.使生气;激怒→______adj.生气的 _____v/n.饥饿;渴望→_______adj.饥饿的;渴望的 anger和hunger变adj.需要去__再加__ 11．_________adj.可靠的(=______=_____);可信赖的→_______(=______=_____) vi.信赖;依靠→_______ n.依赖/靠 12．_______ adj.轻微的;略微的;细小的→___________adv.略微;稍微 _______ n.障碍物,屏障=_______ n.障碍(物),妨碍 13．_______(=_______) n.评价;评定→_____(=_______) vt.评估;评价 形近词:______ n.通道;机会vt.进入;获取→_______ adj.可接近/获取的,易懂/受影响的 14．_____-____-_____ vt.＆vi.(使)弯曲;倾斜;偏向 阅读常考词汇: _______n.目击者vt.见证目击 _______n/v矛盾,冲突 15．_______ n.教师;教育工作者;→_______ n.教育→_______vt.教育→_______ adj.有教养的;受过教育的;有学识的(=_______________) 16．_______ vt.占据;占用→____________ n.职业;占据→____________ adj.职业的→_________adj.已占用的;无空的 17．_______ n.焦虑;担心;害怕→ _______adj.焦虑的;担心的;渴望的(___) _______vt.察觉;理解;认知 →________n.感知/觉察(力);观念,看法 18．______vt.调整;_____(=_______) vi/vt.适应；(使)习惯→____________n.适应;调整 ______vt.照顾;照料vi.倾向;趋于→__________n.趋势;倾向 19. ______vi．(对···)起反应(__);回应;（对食物等）有不良反应→_______ n.反应;回应 ________ v.展示,陈列;显露 __________展览;展出 20. ______ v.揭示,透露;表明→______ adj.透露真情的;有启迪的;袒胸露肩的 _______n.暴露;揭发;显示→_______ vt.使曝光;揭露 暴露于… ___________ 21. _______(=_______=_______)vt.暗示;意味→______________(=_______=_______)n. 暗示;牵连;含义 22. ___________v.辨别(=________=________=____),区别→______________adj.卓越的;著名的(=_______=_________);受人尊敬的 23. ______adj.最后的(反:_____),最终的,最大的→________(=________=________, 反:________)adv.最后 desperate adj.______;______;________ 24. _____ adj.稀少/珍贵的;(肉)半熟的→_____adv.罕有;很少;不常 _____裸露的;光秃秃的;空的(=_____);无装饰的→_____ adv.仅仅,勉强;几乎不 25. _________n.身份,个性→__________adj.相同的,一样的→_______vt.确定;辨别→______________n.身份证明 _________________与…相同 26. ________n.羞耻/愧;_____vt.使丢脸,使羞愧→_______adj.不道德的;可耻的→_______adj.惭/羞愧的 ____________太遗憾了,太可惜了 27.____________ adj.让人难堪/害羞的→____________ adj.尴尬的→_________vt.使尴尬;使难堪→______________n.尴尬 28. ________vt. /vi.停止,结束 ________n./v死亡→_________adj.死去了的;已死的 _______n./v.暂停;间歇 29. ________ vi.干预/涉;调解;干扰,阻碍→___________n.介入,干涉,干预 _________adj.足够的;充足的=________=_______→________ n.充足 30. ______ vt.阻止,禁止→_________n.禁止 prohibit sb. ____… ________(=________) vt.显示;展览→________ n. merely adv._______________ 2、 词块翻译 1．消除；分解；打破；精神或情绪崩溃 _______________ 2．从……到……情况不等_______________ 3．对……适合 _______________ 4．相比之下 _______________ 5．往……里面看_______________ 6．赞同 _______________ 7．直起来；整理；收拾整齐 _______________ 8．(与……)相比较 _______________ 9．推理；推断 _______________ 10．通过；度过；完成 _______________ 11．换句话说；也就是说 _______________ 12．(短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请_______________ 13．有某种影响；在工作 _______________ 14．坐下休息 _______________ 15．倾向于 _______________ 16．从事于，忙于 _______________ 17．凝视；盯着看 _______________ 18．调整；调节；适应_______________ 选修一Unit 5 Working the Land 单词回顾和词汇拓展： 一、词汇清单 知识点1 devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于；专心于 (教材原句) Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life. 的确，他瘦削但结实的身体就像他为之奉献了一生的千百万中国农民一样。 联想词 ①devoted adj.忠诚的；深爱的；投入的 be devoted to … 对……忠诚；深爱…… a devoted father 一位尽职的父亲 ②devotion n. 奉献；忠诚；深爱 知识点2 convince ( vt. 使相信；使确信；说服 ) (教材原句) Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. 袁隆平确信答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。 I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself,not with me. 我 试图 说 服自己，问题出于问题本身，而不是我。 常见用法 convince sb of sth 使某人确信某事/说服某人相信某事 convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事 convince sb that … 使某人相信 … … The officials were eager to convince us of the safety of the nuclear reactors.官员们急于说服我们，核反应堆是安全的。 I've been trying to convince Jean to come with me. 我一直在设法说服琼跟我一起来。 联 想 词① convinced adj. 确信的；信服的 be convinced of/that… 坚信/深信 … … I was convinced that we were doing the right thing. 我确信我们做的事情是正确的。 ②convincing adj. 有说服力的；令人信服的 知识点3 assumption ( n. 假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得 ) (教材原句) The common assumption then was that it could not be done. 当时人们普遍认为这是不可能实现的。 常见用法 make an assumption 作出假设 on the assumption that… 假设 … … 联 想 词 assume vt.假定；假设；认为 It is assumed that….=It is supposed/believed that.. 假定……;人们认为 …… assuming that…=providing/supposing that..假如 …… ;如果 …… Where unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former. 在失业率和犯罪率高的地方，我们可以认为后者是由前者造成的。 知识点4 expand ( vt.&vi. 扩大；增加 vt. 扩展；发展(业务) ) (教材原句) This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly. 这种杂交作物使农民大大增加了作物的产量。 A child's vocabulary expands through reading. 孩子的词汇量通过阅读得到扩大。 This work expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. 这项工作拓展了我的思维，这在教室里是不可能做到的。 常用搭配 expand in … 在……方面扩充/膨胀 expand into….发展成/扩展到 … … expand on/upon 详述；进一步说明 I don't quite understand your reasoning.Can you expand on it? 我不是很理解你的推理。你能将它详细说明一下吗? 联 想 词 expansion n. 扩张；扩大；扩充 知识点5 comprise ( vt. 包括；包含；由……组成 ) (教材原句) Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains…. 据估计，目前中国国内消费的稻米有约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物…… The collection comprises 327 paintings. 那 一 组收藏有327幅画。 常用搭配 be comprised of(=be composed of=be made up of)包括；包含；由……组成 A football team is comprised of eleven players. 一 支足球队由11名队员组成。 联 想 拓 展 consist of由……组成；由……构成(一 般不用于进行时和被动语态) The committee consists of ten members.委员会由 十名成员组成。 知识点6 extension n.扩建部分；扩大；电话分机 (教材原句) The shelter,which could protect up to 8,000 people from wartime bombs,was comprised of two large tunnels that were intended to one day become an extension of the London Underground. 这个避难所可以保护多达八千人免受战时炸弹袭击，它由两条大隧道组成，预计有一天会成为伦敦地铁的延伸部分。 联 想 词 ①extended adj. 延长了的；扩展了的 ②extend vt. 延 长 vi. 延伸(距离) The main stem will extend to around 12 feet if left to develop naturally. 如果任其自然生长，主干可 以长到12英尺左右。 熟 词 生义 extend 作动词还有“扩大；扩展；舒展；给予，提供”之意。 There are plans to extend the no-smoking area. 现已有扩大无烟区的计划。 I'm sure you will join me in extending a very warm welcome to our visitor. 我确信你们会同我 一起 向来访者表示非常热烈的欢迎。 知识点7 in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流 (教材原句) This affects the crops grown on the land and,in turn,the animals and humans who digest them. 这影响了生长在土地上的作物，进而影响了食用它们的动物和人类。 The girls called out their own names in turn . 这 些 女孩依次大声喊出了自己的名字。 Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice. 理论来源于实践，反过来又服务于践。 联想拓展 含有 turn 的其他常用表达 by turns轮流地，交替地(表现某些特质或情感) take turns(=take it in turns)to do sth 轮流做某事 It's one's turn to do sth轮到某人做某事 The young parents had to take turns to look after their sick baby. 这对年轻父母不得不轮流照顾 他们生病的孩子。 I think it's our turn to drive the kids to school this week. 我想这周轮到我们开车送孩子们上学了。 知识点8 alternative n. 可供选择的事物 (教材原句) As an alternative ,some farmers have switched to organic farming,and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery. 作为替代， 一些农民已转向有机耕作，并且许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时也转为购买有机食品。 常 用 搭 配 have no alternative but to do sth 除 了 做 某事别无选择 an alternative to sth 某事物的替代品 We had no alternative but to fire Gibson. 我们别无他法，只能辞退吉布森。 ② adj.可供替代的；另外的；非传统的；另类的 联 想 词alternatively adv. 或者 The agency will make travel arrangements for you. Alternatively,you can organize your own transport. 旅行社将为你安排旅行，或者你也可以自己安排交通工具。 XB1U5词汇变形及短语 一、词汇变形 1. _________ v.辨别,承认,认可→_________ n.(去__加____) _______ n.场合;时机→________ adj.偶尔/然的→_________ adv.偶尔,间或(=_________) 2. _______ vi./n.有吸引力;呼吁;上诉;打动(四个意思记全)→_________ adj.有吸引力的(=________=________=_______=_______);有感染力的;恳求的 呼吁某人做某事：_______________________ appeal to的___不要背漏了！ ______=______ v.获得 _____ adj.城市的 _____ adj.农村的 3. _____(=______=______)vt.把…献给;把…专用于;专心于→_______(=________=_________) n.献身,奉献;忠诚;热爱→_______(=________) adj.献身的;忠诚的 4. _________ n.不足;缺少;短缺→short adj.不足的;缺少的;短缺的 _________=______=________ adj.极其重要的 5. ________vt.使相/确信(sb. ___sth.);说服(=________)→_________ adj.令人相信的;有说服力的(_________)→_________ adj.确信的 6. _________ n.特征(=_______);品质adj.典型的(=________);独特的→________ n.性格(=_________);特点;汉字;角色(=____) 7. _________n.假定(=_________);设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得→________v.以为;假定(=________);承担(=________=______;假装,呈现(=______) 8. __________ n.消耗;消耗量;消费→_________ vt.消耗;消费→_________ n.消费者 _______n.草稿,草案,征兵;穿堂风v.起草 9. _______vt.＆vi.扩大;增加;详述vt.扩展;发展(业务)→_________ n.扩展;发展 _________详细阐述某事 ______n.矿山v.开采→_______n.矿物 10. ______ n.现实;实际情况;事实→______ adj.真的;真实的→_______adv.真正地 _______n.味道,香味 v.调味 11. ________ adj.可供选择的n.选择=_____=______ 别无选择只能做某事:_____________________________ 只能做某事:____________________ 12. _________ n.扩建部分;扩大;电话分机→_______v.延伸;扩大;伸展;给予,提供(=______),发出 13. _________ adj.营养(物)的→_________ adj.有营养的;营养丰富的→________ n.营养;滋养 _____adj.含盐的;咸的→___n.盐 14. _____ vt./vi.消化vt.领会;领悟n.摘要;文摘→_________ n.消化;领悟→_________adj.易消化的 _________n.欲望,食欲 15. _____ n.深(度)→_____ adj.深的→______ v.加深 ______n.片刻,瞬间adj立即的 ______n.例子,实例 ___________=___________ 16. ________(=_________=_______) adv.全部地;完整地;完全地→_______(=________=______) adj.全部的;整个的;完全的 17. _________ vt.使形成;生殖;发生→__________n.一代→_________n.发电机,发生 18. think-_______-_______ ______vt.想;认为→_________n.思想,想法,主意,观点→_________n.思想,想法 19. _________ n.惯例,习俗(=_______)→__________adj.传统的(=_________),习惯的,保守的(=__________) 20. _________ n.对(环境,文物等)保护;保持→_________ vt.保存;保护(=_________)n.蜜饯→______________ adj.保守的(=____________) 21. _______ adj.强烈的;紧张的;热情的→__________n.强烈,剧烈→__________ v.(使)增强, (使)加剧 ______________激烈的竞争 22. _________ n.化学→__________ n.化学制品,________adj.化学的 ___________adj.爱国的 23. __________ vt.转移;分心→_________ n.使人分心的事/人;娱乐,消遣→__________adj.注意力分散的,心烦意乱的 24. ________n.视角,观点(=_____);透视(画)法;洞察/判断力; 前途,希望 _______n.方面(=_______),前景(______);朝向;外表,面貌(=____=________) 25. _______(=_______) vt.减轻,缓和 _______adj.多产的,富饶的→_______n.化肥 26. ________adj.本国的;家庭的→__________vt.驯化 ______n.起源;起因;出身→ ________adj.原来的;最初的n.原作→_______adv.原来;起初 27. _____adj.贫困的,可怜的 ________n.贫困;缺少 _______ adj.完全的(=______=______);绝对的→_______adv.绝对地(=completely=______);完全地 28. ________ v.估计;估算→_________ n.估计;估算 据估计…_________________________ 29. ______(=_______=____) vt.(尤指以法令)禁止;阻止→________(=_________=___) n.禁止;阻止;禁令 ban-banned-banned 双写n加ed exhibit v.展览 30. 卓越的,不凡的: _________=_________=________=________ 促进;巩固_____=_____ 处理;应对______=______=______=____/_______=_____ 31. ______n.＆vt.尊敬;尊重→___________adj.有礼貌的;恭敬的→_________adj.体面的;令人尊敬的→____________ adj.分别的;各自的(意思跟尊重无关，注意分开单独记） ____________________=_______________________替换作文中的I believe that 32. 由…组成:_______(无____,无____)=__________/_________/________ 克服…______=_________ _______n.名人 形近词:_______ v.庆祝 二、词块翻译 1._______________________ 把……用于，献身 2._______________________ 缺乏…… 3._______________________成功做某事 4._______________________在国内外 5._______________________ 呈现…… 6._______________________ 包括……，包含…… 7._______________________相应地，转而，依次，轮流 8._______________________例如，比如 9._______________________努力做某事 10._______________________除此之外 11._______________________ 至于…… 12._______________________关注…… 13._______________________免于…… 14._______________________ 与……相似 15._______________________执行，实施 16._______________________对……有影响 17._______________________担任，任职 18._______________________结果是 19._______________________ 除此之外 20._______________________ 在……中起作用 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第02讲 Unit4—5重点单词、短语、句型回顾和词汇拓展精讲精练(选择性必修一) 选修一Unit 4 Body Language 重点单词、短语、句型回顾 1.vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变 [教材原文] Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.就像口语一样，肢体语言也因文化而异。 (1)With the development of economy, there are varieties of goods in stores，varying from daily groceries to luxury goods, which greatly enrich people's life.In addition, the goods vary with the season in variety and quantity.(vary) (2)I like reading very much, especially the story books.They vary from Chinese stories to English stories. →I like reading very much, especially the story books varying from Chinese stories to English stories．(现在分词短语作定语) (3)(应用文之活动安排)如果你来北京旅游，我将安排各种各样的活动，从爬长城到参观颐和园不等。 If you travel to Beijing，I will arrange a variety of/varieties of/various activities，which vary from climbing the Great Wall to visiting the Summer Palace. (1)vary in在……方面不同/有差异 vary with sth.随……而变化 vary from...to...从……到……情况不等 (2)variety n．种类；多样化 a variety of/varieties of各种各样的 the variety of...……的种类 (3)various adj. 各种各样的；具有多种特征的 2.appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的 [教材原文] The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.关键是使用肢体语言的方式要适合你所处的文化。 (1)It is not appropriate to ask (ask) such personal questions in an interview. (2)他随便的穿着不适合这样正式的场合。 His casual clothes were not appropriate to/for such a formal occasion． (3)(2022·全国甲卷，书面表达) It is appropriate for us to do small things in our daily life to protect our oceans. →It is appropriate that we (should) do small things in our daily life to protect our oceans. (It is appropriate that...) (1)be appropriate for/to...＝be suitable for/be fit for适合…… It is appropriate (for sb.) to do sth.(对某人来说)做某事是合适的 It is (not) appropriate that sb.(should) do sth.某人做某事是(不)合适的 (2)appropriately adv.适当地 3.approve vt.批准，通过 vi.赞成；同意 [教材原文] In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of.相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。 (1)We have made adjustments to our plan so that it can meet with your approval (approve). (2)(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷，读后续写)父亲同意这对双胞胎准备母亲节早餐，并且主动提出帮助他们。当看到早餐时，这位高兴的母亲向双胞胎投去赞许的目光。 The father approved of the twins/twins' preparing a Mother's Day breakfast and offered to help them.When seeing the breakfast，the delighted mother gave the twins an approving look． (1)approve of (sb./sb.'s doing) sth.赞成/同意(某人做)某事 be approved by被……批准 (2)approval n．批准，认可；赞成 with/without the approval of经/未经……的批准 give one's approval to...同意/批准…… (3)approving adj.赞成的；同意的 4.witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证 n．目击者；证人 [教材原文] In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money.在日本，如果有人看到另一个人做这个手势，可能会以为是钱的意思。 (1)The police have appealed for witnesses to the accident. (2)(2023·浙江卷1月，应用文写作)上周日，我参加了一个由学生会组织的有意义的活动，名为“认识我们身边的植物”。 Last Sunday witnessed my participating in a meaningful activity named “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us” organized by the Students' Union. (1)witness sth.目击某事发生 (2)give witness to sth.为……作证 be (a) witness to ……的目击者 5.employ vt.使用；应用；雇用 [教材原文] In Japan，someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money.在日本，如果有人看到另一个人做这个手势，可能会以为是钱的意思。 (1)The government has taken effective measures to create more employment (employ) opportunities. (2)(应用文之申请信)如果有幸被雇用，我将不遗余力地回报您的信任。 If I am lucky enough to be employed, I will spare no effort to repay you for your trust. (3)(2021·全国乙卷，书面表达)每天忙于在线学习，我不能匀出时间与老师们和同学们面对面地交流。 →Employed in online learning every day，I can't spare some time to interact with my teachers and classmates face to face.(过去分词短语作状语) →Employing myself in online learning every day，I can't spare some time to interact with my teachers and classmates face to face.(现在分词短语作状语) 6.differ vi.相异；不同于 [教材原文] Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world.甚至我们用来表示“是”与“不是”的手势在世界各地都不一样。 (1)There is no denying that customs differ in this respect. (2)我最尊敬的人是我的班主任，他在教学方面与其他老师不同。在我们的学习上，他先进的教学方法对我们学生有巨大影响。在我们的日常生活中，他教我们如何明辨是非。 The person I respect most is my headteacher who differs from/is different from other teachers in teaching．In our studies，his advanced teaching methods make a great difference to us students．In our daily life，he teaches us how to tell the difference between right and wrong． (3)(2022·全国甲卷，书面表达)一些人认为保护我们的海洋免受污染对我们没有影响，但是我认为海洋保护非常重要。 Some people think that protecting our oceans from being polluted makes no difference to us，but I attach great importance to ocean protection. (1)differ from...与……不同 differ in...在……方面不同 differ with sb.on/about/over...在……上不同意某人的看法 (2)difference n．差异，不同(之处) make a/no difference to sb./sth.对某人/某物有/没有影响 tell the difference between A and B (＝tell A and B apart)区分A和B (3)different adj.不同的，有区别的 be different from...与……不同 7.favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n．帮助；恩惠；赞同；喜爱 [教材原文] Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else.在其他地方，人们见面时更喜欢握手、弯腰鞠躬或者点头。 (1)Our products have good fame at home and abroad, deeply favoured (favour) by customers. (2)机遇和成功往往青睐那些有准备的人。 →Opportunities and success tend to be in favour of those who are ready. →Opportunities and success tend to favour those who are ready. (3)(应用文之结束语)如果你有任何问题，尽管向我求助。 If you have any questions，don't hesitate to ask me a favour/ask a favour of me． (1)do sb.a favour＝do a favour for sb. 帮某人一个忙 ask sb.a favour＝ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙 owe sb.a favour 欠某人一个人情 (be) in favour of＝be for 赞成；主张 (be) against 反对 (2)favourite adj.& n. 特别受喜爱的(人或物) (3)favourable adj.有利的；赞成的 8.break down 出故障；不能运转；消除；打破；分解 [教材原文] A smile can break down barriers.微笑能够消除隔阂。 (1)We had broken up for ten months and we were overwhelmed with grief.So when we ultimately broke down our long-standing barriers，we broke into tears. (2)(2021·浙江卷6月，读后续写)I broke in，“Dad，here is what I received for my work.I think it would help you in some way.”Hearing that，my father broke down． (3)(读后续写之愤怒心理描写)他决心离家出走，怒气冲冲地跑出家门，消失在夜色中。 Determined to break away from home，he ran out of the house in anger and disappeared into the night. break in打断，插嘴说；闯入 break into闯入；强行进入；突然开始 break out(战争)爆发；(火灾)突然发生 break up分解；解散；破裂 break away from脱离，放弃 否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义 9.[教材原文] And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，最美好的事情莫过于看到好朋友的笑脸。 (1)It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was happier (happy) than I was. (2)(读后续写之亲情篇升华句)直到那时我才突然意识到没人比我妈妈更爱我了。 It was not until then that I suddenly realized that nobody loved me more than my mom． (3)(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷，读后续写)大卫向我走来，“我从没见过比你更热心的人了。没有你，我不可能参加大型越野跑，因此，我怎么感谢你也不为过。”他的眼睛里闪烁着激动和感激的泪水。 David walked to me，“I have never seen a more warm-hearted person than you．Without you，I couldn't have participated in the big cross-country run，so I can't thank you enough/too much．” His eyes twinkled with tears of excitement and gratitude. 本句中否定词nothing与比较级better连用，表示最高级的含义。 最高级意义的多种表达法： (1)否定词＋形容词/副词比较级(＋than) (2)否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as 10.in other words 换句话说；也就是说 [教材原文] In other words...换句话说…… (1)We haven't expected his winning.In other words, we are surprised at his winning. (2)前几天她和她的丈夫吵架了，因为他不守信用。他决定真诚地和他的妻子谈一谈，并保证无论发生什么都会遵守诺言。 The other day she had words with her husband because he broke his word．He decided to have a word with his wife sincerely and promised to keep his word no matter what happened. (3)(应用文之餐桌礼仪)总之，吃饭时你用筷子指着其他人是不合适的。 In a/one word，it is not appropriate for you to point your chopsticks at others at dinner. in/beyond words用/无法用语言表达 in a/one word总之，简言之 have a word with与……谈一谈 have words with与……吵嘴 break one's word失信，食言 keep one's word遵守诺言 11.occupy vt.占据；占用(时间、空间等)；使忙碌 [教材原文] With their chins on their hands, they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.他们双手托着下巴，专注地盯着窗外或天花板。 (1)She has been so occupied (occupy) with her work that she hasn't had time for social activities. →She has occupied herself with her work that she hasn't had time for social activities. →So occupied with her work has she been that she hasn't had time for social activities.(倒装结构) (2)(2021·全国甲卷，书面表达)I occupy myself in organizing a class meeting about Chinese traditional cultures at present and I am writing to ask you some suggestions. →Occupying myself in organizing a class meeting about Chinese traditional cultures at present，I am writing to ask you some suggestions.(现在分词短语作状语) →Occupied in organizing a class meeting about Chinese traditional cultures at present，I am writing to ask you some suggestions.(过去分词短语作状语) (1)occupy oneself with sth./(in) doing sth.忙于(做)某事 (2)occupied adj.忙碌的；占用的 be occupied (in) doing sth.忙于做某事 be occupied with (doing) sth.从事/忙于(做)某事 (3)occupation n．工作，职业；占领 12.distinguish vi.& vt.区分；辨别；使有别于；使出众 [教材原文] While it is easy to perceive when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。 (1)It's my pleasure to introduce Chinese painting to our distinguished (distinguish) guests. (2)他作为一名老师在这座城市已经享有盛名。他不仅教我们分辨善恶，而且能够更高效地提高我们的学习成绩。总而言之，他是我最尊敬的杰出老师。 He has distinguished himself as a teacher in the city.Not only does he teach us to distinguish between good and evil but he can improve our academic performances more effectively.In a word，he is the distinguished teacher I respect most. (1)distinguish between...and...区分/辨别……和…… distinguish...from...从……中区分/辨别…… distinguish oneself as...作为……而出众 (2)distinguished adj.卓越的，著名的，杰出的；高贵的 13.embarrassed adj.难堪的；窘迫的；尴尬的 [教材原文] They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed.他们也可能用手捂着脸，仿佛感觉尴尬或羞愧。 (1)He was very surprised to hear (hear) people speak so highly of him. (2)(2021·浙江卷1月，读后续写)To my embarrassment(embarrass)，my head was stuck in the huge pumpkin. →What embarrassed me/What made me embarrassed was that my head was stuck in the huge pumpkin.(what引导的主语从句) (1)be/feel embarrassed to do sth.尴尬于做某事 be/feel embarrassed about/at sth.因……而感到尴尬/窘迫 (2)embarrassment n．难堪；困窘 to one's embarrassment令某人难堪的是 (3)embarrass vt.使难堪，使局促不安 embarrassing adj.令人难堪的 14.ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧 [教材原文] They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed.他们也可能用手捂着脸，仿佛感觉尴尬或羞愧。 (1)She was ashamed to tell (tell) her mother that she had failed again. (2)Ashamed and frustrated (既羞愧又沮丧；形容词作状语)，I felt as if a knife were piercing my heart and tears blurred my eyes. (3)她的脸上泛起了红晕，头轻轻地垂着，眼角上闪着羞愧的泪光。 Her face was flushed，her head was hanging gently，and tears of shame were shining from the corners of her eyes． (1)be/feel ashamed of (doing) sth.对(做)某事感到惭愧 be ashamed to do sth.因惭愧而不情愿做某事；因尴尬而勉强做某事 (2)shame n．羞愧；让人遗憾的事 It's a shame/pity that...令人惋惜的是…… 15.bother vi.& vt. 费心；麻烦；因……操心 n．麻烦；不便 [教材原文] However, if a student does not bother to brush her hair and her eyes are red from weeping, then I can infer that there are deeper issues at work.但是，要是学生都懒得梳头，并且两眼因哭泣而发红，那么我能够推断她遇到了更严重的问题。 (1)I'm sorry to bother you with/about so many questions on such an occasion. (2)使我苦恼的是五月十号前要完成全部工作。 It bothers me to finish the whole work before May 10. (3)在那一点上她与你意见不一致，你感到苦恼吗？ Does it bother you that she disagrees with you on that？ bother sb. with/about sth.为某事打扰或麻烦某人 bother to do sth.费心做某事；操心做某事 It bothers sb. to do sth./that...使某人苦恼的是…… 16.conflict n．矛盾；冲突 vi.冲突；抵触 [教材原文] It could be that she is having serious conflicts with other students or at home.可能是她和其他同学或家里发生了严重的冲突。 (1)The changes are sure to conflict with the old traditions, so we must give them a second thought. (2)(应用文之建议信)得知你和你爸爸有冲突，我写信给你一些建议。 Learning that you have been in conflict with your father，I am writing to offer you some tips. (1)be in conflict with与……相冲突 come into conflict with...与……发生冲突 (2)conflict with与……相冲突 17.adjust vt.调整；调节 vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯 [教材原文] Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities, when to intervene, and when to talk to students individually, so they can all get the most out of school.他们的肢体语言让我知道什么时候该调整课堂活动，什么时候该去干预，什么时候该单独和学生谈话，好让他们都能从学校得到最大的收获。 (1)Brought up in the country, he finds it hard to adjust himself to living (live) in the city. (2)(应用文之建议信)我写信向您寻求关于如何调整(自己)以适应学校生活的建议。 I am writing to turn to you for advice on how to adjust (myself) to school life． (3)(应用文之结束语)如果你有任何问题，请随时与我联系，以便我能对先前的安排做出调整。 →If you have any questions，don't hesitate to contact me so that I can adjust the former arrangements．(adjust) →If you have any questions，don't hesitate to contact me so that I can make adjustments to the former arrangements．(adjustment) (1)adjust sth.to sth.调整……以适应…… adjust to (doing) sth.适应(做)某事 (2)adjustment n．调整；调节 make an adjustment/adjustments to对……做出调整 18.call on (短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请 [教材原文] Some students act this way merely because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher.有些学生之所以这样做，仅仅是因为他们害怕被老师喊到。 (1)The President called upon/on the people to work (work) hard to make the country rich and strong. (2)(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷，读后续写)这对双胞胎在准备母亲节早餐上有很大困难，因此，他们请来父亲帮助他们。父亲和蔼地告诉他们：“做一顿美味的早餐需要极大的耐心和一些技能。” The twins had great difficulty preparing a Mother's Day breakfast，so they called in their father to help them．The father told them kindly，“Cooking a delicious breakfast calls for great patience and some skills．” call on/upon sb.to do sth.号召/呼吁某人做某事 call back回电话；召回；回想起 call in召回；叫……进来 call for需要 除call on/upon sb.之外，表示“拜访”的短语还有以下这些： call at a place拜访某地 drop in on sb.顺便拜访某人 drop in at a place顺便拜访某地 pay a visit to sb./a place拜访某人/某地 19.部分否定 [教材原文] Of course, not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.当然，课堂上并不是每个抬头看的学生都在专心听课。 (1)Not all body languages (并非所有的肢体语言) mean the same thing in different countries. (2)使我尴尬的是他们俩都没有对我的问题作出回应。 What made me embarrassed was that neither of them reacted to my question. (3)(2021·全国甲卷，书面表达)正如你所知道的，并不是所有的中国传统文化都吸引外国朋友。因此，我写信寻求你的建议。 As you know，not all the traditional Chinese cultures are attractive to foreign friends/all the traditional Chinese cultures are not attractive to foreign friends．So I am writing to get your advice. 本句为一个部分否定句。当all，both，each，everybody，everyone，everything，always，whole，entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定副词not连用时，便构成了部分否定，意为“不是……都；并非……都”。no one，no，none，never，nothing，no more，no longer，no way等表示否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用时，构成“全部否定”。 20.have sth.done [教材原文] So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch，it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end. 因此，如果一名学生低头看表，这意味着他很无聊，简直就是在数着时间等下课。 (1)It was cold, and she had the fire burning (burn) day and night. (2)(应用文之建议信)遵循以下建议，你的问题就能得到解决。 Take the following advice and you can have your problems settled． (3)(应用文之道歉信)让你等了这么长时间，我必须向你道歉。今天，我有太多紧急的事情要处理。 I must apologize to you for having you waiting for such a long time．Today，I have so many urgent things to attend to． 句中的has his head lowered为“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。本句中用过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动。 “have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构： (1)have sth.done使某事完成；遭遇某种(不幸的)事情 (2)have sb.do sth.让某人做某事 (3)have sb.doing sth.允许某人做某事(常用于否定句中)；使某人一直做某事(多用于肯定句中) (4)have sth.to do有某事要做(主语自己做) have sth.to be done有某事要做(不是主语自己做) 21.with的复合结构 [教材原文] Their eyes barely move, and they always have the same distant expression on their faces.It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open.他们的眼睛几乎不动，脸上表情疏远呆滞，好像睁着眼睛在睡觉。 (1)The prisoner was led in with his hands tied (tie) to his back. (2)He fell asleep with the light burning (burn). (3)(读后续写之情景描写)有这么多的衣服要洗，我无法出去了。 I can't go out with all these clothes to wash. 句中的with their eyes open是with的复合结构。 (1)with的复合结构在句中常作状语，表示方式或伴随情况，也可作定语。 (2)with复合结构的构成： with＋名词＋形容词/副词/现在分词/过去分词/不定式/介词短语 XB1U4词性转换及短语精练 1、 高频词汇变形 1．________n.交流;相互影响→_______ vi.交流;相互影响 _____n.姿势(=____),手势 造成威胁___________ ______v.打听,询问→_______n.调查;质询 2．____ vi.变化→________adj.多样的(=________)→________ n.变化;多样化(=________) 各种各样的:____________ =______________ =_______ 3．_______(=________=_____=__) adj.合适的→__________ adj.不合适的 和介词____搭配 形近词:________v/n.接/近;___,着手处理;_______ 4．______vi.赞成;同意vt.批准→_______n.赞成;批准→_________(=______=______=______) vi.不赞成 _________adj近似的,大约的 v.近似,接近 5．___________vt.演示,说明;证明;流露(感情)→____________n.集会示威;演示;说明 _______vt.给…加插图;说/阐明;表明→________n.插图,图案 6．________vt.使用(=_______),应用;雇用→__________ n.雇主→_________n.雇工→__________n.雇佣;职业;使用 7．_______ vt.理解;解释(=_______) vt./vi.口译→______________n.解释,说明;诠释→___________ n.口译工作者;口译译员 8．_______ vi.相异;不同于→________adj.相异的;不同的→__________ n.不同;相异 ___________adj.不关心的,冷淡的;中立的 9．______n.支持,喜爱,帮忙,恩惠v.偏袒/爱;支持,更喜欢;有利于→_________adj.喜爱的;受优惠的;有特权的→_________ adj.给人好印象的;赞同的;支持的;有利的 10．____n.愤怒vt.使生气;激怒→______adj.生气的 _____v/n.饥饿;渴望→_______adj.饥饿的;渴望的 anger和hunger变adj.需要去__再加__ 11．_________adj.可靠的(=______=_____);可信赖的→_______(=______=_____) vi.信赖;依靠→_______ n.依赖/靠 12．_______ adj.轻微的;略微的;细小的→___________adv.略微;稍微 _______ n.障碍物,屏障=_______ n.障碍(物),妨碍 13．_______(=_______) n.评价;评定→_____(=_______) vt.评估;评价 形近词:______ n.通道;机会vt.进入;获取→_______ adj.可接近/获取的,易懂/受影响的 14．_____-____-_____ vt.＆vi.(使)弯曲;倾斜;偏向 阅读常考词汇: _______n.目击者vt.见证目击 _______n/v矛盾,冲突 15．_______ n.教师;教育工作者;→_______ n.教育→_______vt.教育→_______ adj.有教养的;受过教育的;有学识的(=_______________) 16．_______ vt.占据;占用→____________ n.职业;占据→____________ adj.职业的→_________adj.已占用的;无空的 17．_______ n.焦虑;担心;害怕→ _______adj.焦虑的;担心的;渴望的(___) _______vt.察觉;理解;认知 →________n.感知/觉察(力);观念,看法 18．______vt.调整;_____(=_______) vi/vt.适应；(使)习惯→____________n.适应;调整 ______vt.照顾;照料vi.倾向;趋于→__________n.趋势;倾向 19. ______vi．(对···)起反应(__);回应;（对食物等）有不良反应→_______ n.反应;回应 ________ v.展示,陈列;显露 __________展览;展出 20. ______ v.揭示,透露;表明→______ adj.透露真情的;有启迪的;袒胸露肩的 _______n.暴露;揭发;显示→_______ vt.使曝光;揭露 暴露于… ___________ 21. _______(=_______=_______)vt.暗示;意味→______________(=_______=_______)n. 暗示;牵连;含义 22. ___________v.辨别(=________=________=____),区别→______________adj.卓越的;著名的(=_______=_________);受人尊敬的 23. ______adj.最后的(反:_____),最终的,最大的→________(=________=________, 反:________)adv.最后 desperate adj.______;______;________ 24. _____ adj.稀少/珍贵的;(肉)半熟的→_____adv.罕有;很少;不常 _____裸露的;光秃秃的;空的(=_____);无装饰的→_____ adv.仅仅,勉强;几乎不 25. _________n.身份,个性→__________adj.相同的,一样的→_______vt.确定;辨别→______________n.身份证明 _________________与…相同 26. ________n.羞耻/愧;_____vt.使丢脸,使羞愧→_______adj.不道德的;可耻的→_______adj.惭/羞愧的 ____________太遗憾了,太可惜了 27.____________ adj.让人难堪/害羞的→____________ adj.尴尬的→_________vt.使尴尬;使难堪→______________n.尴尬 28. ________vt. /vi.停止,结束 ________n./v死亡→_________adj.死去了的;已死的 _______n./v.暂停;间歇 29. ________ vi.干预/涉;调解;干扰,阻碍→___________n.介入,干涉,干预 _________adj.足够的;充足的=________=_______→________ n.充足 30. ______ vt.阻止,禁止→_________n.禁止 prohibit sb. ____… ________(=________) vt.显示;展览→________ n. merely adv._______________ 2、 词块翻译 1．消除；分解；打破；精神或情绪崩溃 _______________ 2．从……到……情况不等_______________ 3．对……适合 _______________ 4．相比之下 _______________ 5．往……里面看_______________ 6．赞同 _______________ 7．直起来；整理；收拾整齐 _______________ 8．(与……)相比较 _______________ 9．推理；推断 _______________ 10．通过；度过；完成 _______________ 11．换句话说；也就是说 _______________ 12．(短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请_______________ 13．有某种影响；在工作 _______________ 14．坐下休息 _______________ 15．倾向于 _______________ 16．从事于，忙于 _______________ 17．凝视；盯着看 _______________ 18．调整；调节；适应_______________ XB1U4词汇变形及短语 一 高频词汇变形 1．interaction n.交流;相互影响→interact vi.交流;相互影响 gesture n.姿势(=pose),手势 造成威胁pose a threat inquire v.打听,询问→inquiry n.调查;质询 2．vary vi.变化→various adj.多样的,各种各样的(=diverse)→variety n.变化;多样化(=diversity) 各种各样的:a variety of=varieties of=various 3．appropriate(=suitable=proper=fit) adj.合适的→inappropriate adj.不合适的 和介词for搭配 形近词:approach v/n.接/近;接洽,着手处理;方法途径 4. approve vi.赞成;同意vt.批准→approval n.赞成;批准→disapprove(=disagree=reject=oppose) vi.不赞成 approximate adj近似的,大约的 v.近似,接近 5．demonstrate vt.演示,说明;证明;流露(感情)→demonstration n.集会示威;演示;说明illustrate vt.给…加插图;说/阐明;表明→illustration n.插图,图案 6．employ vt.使用(=adopt),应用;雇用→employer n.雇主→employee n.雇工→employment n.雇佣;职业;使用 7．interpret vt.理解;解释(=explain) vt./vi.口译→interpretation n. 解释,说明;诠释→ interpreter n.口译工作者;口译译员 8．differ vi.相异;不同于→different adj.相异的;不同的→difference n.不同;相异 indifferent adj.不关心的,冷淡的;中立的 9．favour n.支持,喜爱,帮忙,恩惠v.偏袒/爱;支持,更喜欢;有利于→favoured adj.喜爱的;受优惠的;有特权的→favourable adj.给人好印象的;赞同的;支持的;有利的 10．anger n.愤怒vt.使生气;激怒→angry adj.生气的 hunger v/n.饥饿;渴望→hungry adj.饥饿的;渴望的 anger和hunger变adj.需要去e再加y 11．reliable adj.可靠的(=secure=solid);可信赖的→rely(=depend=lean) vi.信赖;依靠→reliance n.依赖/靠 12．slight adj.轻微的;略微的;细小的→slightly adv.略微;稍微 barrier n.障碍物,屏障=obstacle n.障碍(物),妨碍 13．assessment(=evaluation) n.评价;评定→ assess(=evaluate) vt.评估;评价 形近词:access n.通道;机会vt.进入;获取→accessible adj.可接近/获取的,易懂/受影响的 14．bend-bent-bent vt.＆vi.(使)弯曲;倾斜;偏向 阅读常考词汇: witness n.目击者vt.见证目击 conflict n/v矛盾,冲突 15．educator n.教师;教育工作者;→education n.教育→educate vt.教育→educated adj.有教养的;受过教育的;有学识的(=knowledgeable) 16．occupy vt.占据;占用→occupation n.职业;占据→occupational adj.职业的→occupied adj.已占用的;无空的 17．anxiety n.焦虑;担心;害怕→ anxious adj.焦虑的;担心的;渴望的(for) perceive vt.察觉;理解;认知→perception n.感知/觉察(力);观念,看法 18．adjust vt.调整;调节(=adapt) vi/vt.适应；(使)习惯→ adjustment n.适应;调整 tend vt.照顾;照料vi.倾向;趋于→tendency n.趋势;倾向 19．react vi．(对···)起反应(to);回应;（对食物等）有不良反应→reaction n.反应;回应 display v./n.展示,陈列;显露 on display 展览;展出 20. reveal v.揭示,透露;表明→revealing adj.透露真情的;有启迪的;袒胸露肩的 exposure n.暴露;揭发;显示→expose vt.使曝光;揭露 暴露于… be exposed to… 21. imply(=indicate=suggest)vt.暗示;意味→ implication(=indication=suggestion)n.暗示;牵连;含义 22. distinguish v.辨别(=recognize=identify=tell),区别→distinguished adj.卓越的;著名的(=famous=well-known);受人尊敬的 23. ultimate adj.最后的(反:initial),最终的,最大的→ultimately(=eventually=finally, 反:initially)adv.最后 desperate adj.绝望的;拼命的;极其渴望的 24. rare adj.稀少/珍贵的;(肉)半熟的→rarely adv.罕有;很少;不常 bare裸露的;光秃秃的;空的(=empty);无装饰的→barely adv.仅仅,勉强;几乎不 25. identity n.身份,个性→identical adj.相同的,一样的→identify vt.确定;辨别→identification n.身份证明 be identical with… 与…相同 26. shame n.羞耻/愧;憾事vt.使丢脸,使羞愧→shameful adj.不道德的;可耻的→ashamed adj.惭/羞愧的 what a shame!太遗憾了,太可惜了 27.embarrassing adj.让人难堪/害羞的→embarrassed adj.尴尬的→embarrass vt.使尴尬;使难堪→embarrassment n.尴尬 28. cease vt. /vi.停止,结束 decease n./v死亡→deceased adj.死去了的;已死的 pause n./v.暂停;间歇 29. intervene vi.干预/涉;调解;干扰,阻碍→intervention n.介入,干涉,干预 sufficient adj.足够的;充足的=adequate=enough→sufficiency n.充足 30. prohibit vt.阻止,禁止→prohibition n.禁止 prohibit sb. from… exhibit(=display) vt.显示;展览→exhibition n. merely adv.仅仅,只不过;只是 二．词块翻译 1．消除；分解；打破；精神或情绪崩溃 break down 2．从……到……情况不等vary from...to... 3．对……适合 be appropriate to 4．相比之下 by contrast 5．往……里面看 look into 6．赞同 approve of 7．直起来；整理；收拾整齐 straighten up 8．(与……)相比较 by comparison 9．推理；推断 make inferences 10．通过；度过；完成 get through 11．换句话说；也就是说 in other words 12．(短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请 call on 13．有某种影响；在工作 at work 14．坐下休息 put one's feet up 15．倾向于 tend to 16．从事于，忙于 be occupied in/with 17．凝视；盯着看 stare at 18．调整；调节；适应 adjust to 选修一Unit 5 Working the Land 单词回顾和词汇拓展： 一、词汇清单 知识点1 devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于；专心于 (教材原句) Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life. 的确，他瘦削但结实的身体就像他为之奉献了一生的千百万中国农民一样。 联想词 ①devoted adj.忠诚的；深爱的；投入的 be devoted to … 对……忠诚；深爱…… a devoted father 一位尽职的父亲 ②devotion n. 奉献；忠诚；深爱 知识点2 convince ( vt. 使相信；使确信；说服 ) (教材原句) Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. 袁隆平确信答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。 I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself,not with me. 我 试图 说 服自己，问题出于问题本身，而不是我。 常见用法 convince sb of sth 使某人确信某事/说服某人相信某事 convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事 convince sb that … 使某人相信 … … The officials were eager to convince us of the safety of the nuclear reactors.官员们急于说服我们，核反应堆是安全的。 I've been trying to convince Jean to come with me. 我一直在设法说服琼跟我一起来。 联 想 词① convinced adj. 确信的；信服的 be convinced of/that… 坚信/深信 … … I was convinced that we were doing the right thing. 我确信我们做的事情是正确的。 ②convincing adj. 有说服力的；令人信服的 知识点3 assumption ( n. 假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得 ) (教材原句) The common assumption then was that it could not be done. 当时人们普遍认为这是不可能实现的。 常见用法 make an assumption 作出假设 on the assumption that… 假设 … … 联 想 词 assume vt.假定；假设；认为 It is assumed that….=It is supposed/believed that.. 假定……;人们认为 …… assuming that…=providing/supposing that..假如 …… ;如果 …… Where unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former. 在失业率和犯罪率高的地方，我们可以认为后者是由前者造成的。 知识点4 expand ( vt.&vi. 扩大；增加 vt. 扩展；发展(业务) ) (教材原句) This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly. 这种杂交作物使农民大大增加了作物的产量。 A child's vocabulary expands through reading. 孩子的词汇量通过阅读得到扩大。 This work expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. 这项工作拓展了我的思维，这在教室里是不可能做到的。 常用搭配 expand in … 在……方面扩充/膨胀 expand into….发展成/扩展到 … … expand on/upon 详述；进一步说明 I don't quite understand your reasoning.Can you expand on it? 我不是很理解你的推理。你能将它详细说明一下吗? 联 想 词 expansion n. 扩张；扩大；扩充 知识点5 comprise ( vt. 包括；包含；由……组成 ) (教材原句) Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains…. 据估计，目前中国国内消费的稻米有约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物…… The collection comprises 327 paintings. 那 一 组收藏有327幅画。 常用搭配 be comprised of(=be composed of=be made up of)包括；包含；由……组成 A football team is comprised of eleven players. 一 支足球队由11名队员组成。 联 想 拓 展 consist of由……组成；由……构成(一 般不用于进行时和被动语态) The committee consists of ten members.委员会由 十名成员组成。 知识点6 extension n.扩建部分；扩大；电话分机 (教材原句) The shelter,which could protect up to 8,000 people from wartime bombs,was comprised of two large tunnels that were intended to one day become an extension of the London Underground. 这个避难所可以保护多达八千人免受战时炸弹袭击，它由两条大隧道组成，预计有一天会成为伦敦地铁的延伸部分。 联 想 词 ①extended adj. 延长了的；扩展了的 ②extend vt. 延 长 vi. 延伸(距离) The main stem will extend to around 12 feet if left to develop naturally. 如果任其自然生长，主干可 以长到12英尺左右。 熟 词 生义 extend 作动词还有“扩大；扩展；舒展；给予，提供”之意。 There are plans to extend the no-smoking area. 现已有扩大无烟区的计划。 I'm sure you will join me in extending a very warm welcome to our visitor. 我确信你们会同我 一起 向来访者表示非常热烈的欢迎。 知识点7 in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流 (教材原句) This affects the crops grown on the land and,in turn,the animals and humans who digest them. 这影响了生长在土地上的作物，进而影响了食用它们的动物和人类。 The girls called out their own names in turn . 这 些 女孩依次大声喊出了自己的名字。 Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice. 理论来源于实践，反过来又服务于践。 联想拓展 含有 turn 的其他常用表达 by turns轮流地，交替地(表现某些特质或情感) take turns(=take it in turns)to do sth 轮流做某事 It's one's turn to do sth轮到某人做某事 The young parents had to take turns to look after their sick baby. 这对年轻父母不得不轮流照顾 他们生病的孩子。 I think it's our turn to drive the kids to school this week. 我想这周轮到我们开车送孩子们上学了。 知识点8 alternative n. 可供选择的事物 (教材原句) As an alternative ,some farmers have switched to organic farming,and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery. 作为替代， 一些农民已转向有机耕作，并且许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时也转为购买有机食品。 常 用 搭 配 have no alternative but to do sth 除 了 做 某事别无选择 an alternative to sth 某事物的替代品 We had no alternative but to fire Gibson. 我们别无他法，只能辞退吉布森。 ② adj.可供替代的；另外的；非传统的；另类的 联 想 词alternatively adv. 或者 The agency will make travel arrangements for you. Alternatively,you can organize your own transport. 旅行社将为你安排旅行，或者你也可以自己安排交通工具。 XB1U5词汇变形及短语 一、词汇变形 1. _________ v.辨别,承认,认可→_________ n.(去__加____) _______ n.场合;时机→________ adj.偶尔/然的→_________ adv.偶尔,间或(=_________) 2. _______ vi./n.有吸引力;呼吁;上诉;打动(四个意思记全)→_________ adj.有吸引力的(=________=________=_______=_______);有感染力的;恳求的 呼吁某人做某事：_______________________ appeal to的___不要背漏了！ ______=______ v.获得 _____ adj.城市的 _____ adj.农村的 3. _____(=______=______)vt.把…献给;把…专用于;专心于→_______(=________=_________) n.献身,奉献;忠诚;热爱→_______(=________) adj.献身的;忠诚的 4. _________ n.不足;缺少;短缺→short adj.不足的;缺少的;短缺的 _________=______=________ adj.极其重要的 5. ________vt.使相/确信(sb. ___sth.);说服(=________)→_________ adj.令人相信的;有说服力的(_________)→_________ adj.确信的 6. _________ n.特征(=_______);品质adj.典型的(=________);独特的→________ n.性格(=_________);特点;汉字;角色(=____) 7. _________n.假定(=_________);设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得→________v.以为;假定(=________);承担(=________=______;假装,呈现(=______) 8. __________ n.消耗;消耗量;消费→_________ vt.消耗;消费→_________ n.消费者 _______n.草稿,草案,征兵;穿堂风v.起草 9. _______vt.＆vi.扩大;增加;详述vt.扩展;发展(业务)→_________ n.扩展;发展 _________详细阐述某事 ______n.矿山v.开采→_______n.矿物 10. ______ n.现实;实际情况;事实→______ adj.真的;真实的→_______adv.真正地 _______n.味道,香味 v.调味 11. ________ adj.可供选择的n.选择=_____=______ 别无选择只能做某事:_____________________________ 只能做某事:____________________ 12. _________ n.扩建部分;扩大;电话分机→_______v.延伸;扩大;伸展;给予,提供(=______),发出 13. _________ adj.营养(物)的→_________ adj.有营养的;营养丰富的→________ n.营养;滋养 _____adj.含盐的;咸的→___n.盐 14. _____ vt./vi.消化vt.领会;领悟n.摘要;文摘→_________ n.消化;领悟→_________adj.易消化的 _________n.欲望,食欲 15. _____ n.深(度)→_____ adj.深的→______ v.加深 ______n.片刻,瞬间adj立即的 ______n.例子,实例 ___________=___________ 16. ________(=_________=_______) adv.全部地;完整地;完全地→_______(=________=______) adj.全部的;整个的;完全的 17. _________ vt.使形成;生殖;发生→__________n.一代→_________n.发电机,发生 18. think-_______-_______ ______vt.想;认为→_________n.思想,想法,主意,观点→_________n.思想,想法 19. _________ n.惯例,习俗(=_______)→__________adj.传统的(=_________),习惯的,保守的(=__________) 20. _________ n.对(环境,文物等)保护;保持→_________ vt.保存;保护(=_________)n.蜜饯→______________ adj.保守的(=____________) 21. _______ adj.强烈的;紧张的;热情的→__________n.强烈,剧烈→__________ v.(使)增强, (使)加剧 ______________激烈的竞争 22. _________ n.化学→__________ n.化学制品,________adj.化学的 ___________adj.爱国的 23. __________ vt.转移;分心→_________ n.使人分心的事/人;娱乐,消遣→__________adj.注意力分散的,心烦意乱的 24. ________n.视角,观点(=_____);透视(画)法;洞察/判断力; 前途,希望 _______n.方面(=_______),前景(______);朝向;外表,面貌(=____=________) 25. _______(=_______) vt.减轻,缓和 _______adj.多产的,富饶的→_______n.化肥 26. ________adj.本国的;家庭的→__________vt.驯化 ______n.起源;起因;出身→ ________adj.原来的;最初的n.原作→_______adv.原来;起初 27. _____adj.贫困的,可怜的 ________n.贫困;缺少 _______ adj.完全的(=______=______);绝对的→_______adv.绝对地(=completely=______);完全地 28. ________ v.估计;估算→_________ n.估计;估算 据估计…_________________________ 29. ______(=_______=____) vt.(尤指以法令)禁止;阻止→________(=_________=___) n.禁止;阻止;禁令 ban-banned-banned 双写n加ed exhibit v.展览 30. 卓越的,不凡的: _________=_________=________=________ 促进;巩固_____=_____ 处理;应对______=______=______=____/_______=_____ 31. ______n.＆vt.尊敬;尊重→___________adj.有礼貌的;恭敬的→_________adj.体面的;令人尊敬的→____________ adj.分别的;各自的(意思跟尊重无关，注意分开单独记） ____________________=_______________________替换作文中的I believe that 32. 由…组成:_______(无____,无____)=__________/_________/________ 克服…______=_________ _______n.名人 形近词:_______ v.庆祝 二、词块翻译 1._______________________ 把……用于，献身 2._______________________ 缺乏…… 3._______________________成功做某事 4._______________________在国内外 5._______________________ 呈现…… 6._______________________ 包括……，包含…… 7._______________________相应地，转而，依次，轮流 8._______________________例如，比如 9._______________________努力做某事 10._______________________除此之外 11._______________________ 至于…… 12._______________________关注…… 13._______________________免于…… 14._______________________ 与……相似 15._______________________执行，实施 16._______________________对……有影响 17._______________________担任，任职 18._______________________结果是 19._______________________ 除此之外 20._______________________ 在……中起作用 XB1U5词汇变形及短语 一 词汇变形 1. recognize v.辨别,承认,认可→recognition n.(去ze加tion) occasion n.场合;时机→occasional adj.偶尔/然的→occasionally adv.偶尔,间或(=on occasion) 2. appeal vi./n.有吸引力;呼吁;上诉;打动(四个意思记全)→appealing adj.有吸引力的(=fascinating=charming=striking=attractive);有感染力的;恳求的 呼吁某人做某事：appeal to/call on sb. to do sth. appeal to的to不要背漏了！ attain=obtain v.获得 urban adj.城市的 rural adj.农村的 3. devote (=dedicate=commit)vt.把…献给;把…专用于;专心于→devotion(=dedication=commitment) n.献身,奉献;忠诚;热爱→devoted(=dedicated) adj.献身的;忠诚的 4. shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺→short adj.不足的;缺少的;短缺的 essential=vital=crucial adj.极其重要的 5. convince vt.使相/确信(sb. of sth.);说服(=persuade)→convincing adj.令人相信的;有说服力的(persuasive)→convinced adj.确信的 6. characteristic n.特征(=feature);品质adj.典型的(=typical);独特的→character n.性格(=personality);特点;汉字;角色(=role) 7. assumption n.假定(=presumption);设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得→assume v.以为;假定(=presume);承担(=shoulder=take on);假装,呈现(=take on) 8. consumption n.消耗;消耗量;消费→consume vt.消耗;消费→consumer n.消费者 draft n.草稿,草案,征兵;穿堂风v.起草 9. expand vt.＆vi.扩大;增加;详述vt.扩展;发展(业务)→expansion n.扩展;发展 expand on sth.详细阐述某事 mine n.矿山v.开采→mineral n.矿物 10. reality n.现实;实际情况;事实→real adj.真的;真实的→really adv.真正地 flavour n.味道,香味 v.调味 11. alternative adj.可供选择的n.选择=option=choice 别无选择只能做某事:have no choice/alternative/option but to do… 只能做某事:can’t help but do 12. extension n.扩建部分;扩大;电话分机→extend v.延伸;扩大;伸展;给予,提供(=offer),发出 13. nutritional adj.营养(物)的→nutritious adj.营养丰富的→nutrition n.营养;滋养 salty adj.含盐的;咸的→salt n.盐 14. digest vt./vi.消化vt.领会;领悟n.摘要;文摘→digestion n.消化;领悟→digestive adj.易消化的 appetite n.欲望,食欲 15. depth n.深(度)→deep adj.深的→deepen v.加深 instant n.片刻,瞬间adj立即的 instance n.例子,实例 for instance=for example 16. entirely(=completely=totally) adv.全部地;完整地;完全地→entire(=complete=total) adj.全部的;整个的;完全的 17. generate vt.使形成;生殖;发生→generation n.一代→generator n.发电机 18. think-thought-thought think vt.想;认为→thought n.思想,想法,主意,观点→thinking n.思想,想法 19. convention n.惯例,习俗(=custom)→conventional adj.传统的(=traditional),习惯的,保守的(=conservative) 20. conservation n.对(环境,文物等)保护;保持→conserve vt.保存;保护(=preserve)n.蜜饯→conservative adj.保守的(=conventional) 21. intense adj.强烈的;紧张的;热情的→intensity n.强烈,剧烈→intensify v.(使)增强, (使)加剧 intense competition 激烈的竞争 22. chemistry n.化学→chemical n.化学制品,化学药品adj.化学的 patriotic adj.爱国的 23. distract vt.转移;分心→distraction n.使人分心的事/人;娱乐,消遣→distracted adj.注意力分散的,心烦意乱的 24. perspective n.视角,观点(=view);透视(画)法;洞察/判断力; 前途,希望 aspect n.方面(=respect),前景(prospect);朝向;外表,面貌(=look=expression) 25. alleviate(=relieve) vt.减轻,缓和 fertile adj.多产的,富饶的→fertilizer n.化肥 26. domestic adj.本国的;家庭的→domesticate vt.驯化 origin n.起源;起因;出身→ original adj.原来的;最初的n.原作→originally adv.原来;起初 27. poor adj.贫困的,可怜的 poverty n.贫困;缺少 absolute adj.完全的(=complete=entire);绝对的→absolutely adv.绝对地(=completely=entirely);完全地 28. estimate v.估计;估算→estimation n.估计;估算 it is estimated that…据估计… 29. prohibit(=forbid=ban) vt.(尤指以法令)禁止;阻止→prohibition(=forbiddance=ban) n.禁止;阻止;禁令 ban-banned-banned 双写n加ed exhibit v.展览 30. 卓越的,不凡的: extraordinary=remarkable=exceptional=outstanding 促进;巩固boost=enhance 处理;应对tackle=approach=address=do/deal with=handle 31. respect n.＆vt.尊敬;尊重→respectful adj.有礼貌的;恭敬的→respectable adj.体面的;令人尊敬的→respective adj.分别的;各自的(意思跟尊重无关，注意分开单独记） I am convinced that…=I hold a firm belief that…替换作文中的I believe that 32. 由…组成:consist of(无进行,无被动)= be made up/comprised/composed of 克服…overcome=get over celebrity n.名人 形近词:celebrate v.庆祝 二、词块翻译 1.devote … to… 把……用于，献身 2.a shortage of… 缺乏…… 3.succeed in doing sth.成功做某事 4.at home and abroad在国内外 5.take on… 呈现…… 6.be comprised of… 包括……，包含…… 7.in turn相应地，转而，依次，轮流 8.for instance例如，比如 9.make an effort to do sth.努力做某事 10.in addition除此之外 11.as for… 至于…… 12.focus on… 关注…… 13.free of… 免于…… 14.be similar to… 与……相似 15.carry out执行，实施 16.have an impact on… 对……有影响 17.take up a position担任，任职 18.as a consequence结果是 19.apart from… 除此之外 20.play a role in… 在……中起作用 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $