第01讲 Unit1～3单词回顾和词汇拓展(选择性必修一)（寒假复习讲义）高二英语人教版

第01讲 Unit1—3重点单词、短语、句型回顾和词汇拓展精讲精练(选择性必修一) 选修一Unit 1 People of Achievement 重点单词、短语、句型回顾 1. vital /ˈvaɪtl/ n. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 （教材原句）Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone. (P2) 青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分，据估计每年仅在非洲就挽救了10万人的性命。 【搭配】 be vital for/to=be of vital importance (to) 对……至关重要 It is vital that sb should do sth 某人做某事是十分重要的 【例句】 Vital to human life, art is used by nations across the world for various purposes. 艺术对人类生活至关重要，世界各地的国家都在为各种目的而使用艺术。 As far as I’m concerned, reading is of vital importance in language learning. 就我个人而言，阅读在语言学习中至关重要。 2. committed /kəˈmɪtɪd/ adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 （教材原句）Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. (P2) 屠呦呦，这位尽职尽责、锲而不舍的科学家1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学部（原北京医学院）。 【拓展】 be committed to (doing) sth 承诺，保证（做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等） commit v. 承诺；保证（某个人、机构等）；犯（罪或错误等） commitment n. 承诺；奉献 commit to (doing) sth/commit oneself to do 承诺；保证（做某事、遵守协议或安排等） 【例句】 The company is committed to being an equal opportunities employer. 这家公司承诺向所有雇员提供均等机会。 They must commit to spending time with their older neighbours. 他们必须承诺与年长的邻居共度时光。 We made a commitment to keep working together. 我们作了承诺要继续在一起工作。 3. evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ v. 评价；评估 （教材原句）Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties. (P2) 她的团队研读了2000多篇（个）中医药古籍（古方），评估了28万种植物的药学属性。 【拓展】 evaluation n. 估计，评价 make an evaluation of 对……进行评估 【例句】 The market situation is difficult to evaluate. 市场形势难以评估。 Three professors were asked to make an evaluation of the teaching plans designed by the new teachers. 三位教授被要求对新教师设计的教案进行评估。 4. distinct /dɪˈstɪŋkt/ adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的 （教材原句）From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. (P2) 通过研究，他们发现并测试了380种不同的有望战胜疟疾的古代中医疗法。 【拓展】 be distinct from (in) （在……方面）与……不同 distinctive adj. 与众不同的 distinction n. 差别；区分；优秀；特质 【例句】 Engineering and technology are disciplines distinct from one another and from science. 工程学和工艺学互不相同，也有别于自然学科。 5. acknowledge /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/ v. 承认（属实、权威等）；（公开）感谢 However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. (P2) 然而，屠呦呦并不认输。 【拓展】 acknowledge doing/having done 承认做了…… It is widely/generally acknowledged that ……是大家公认的 acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢 【例句】 The flowers were a small acknowledgement of your kindness. 这些花聊表谢意，感谢你的好心帮助。 6. defeat /dɪˈfi:t/ n. 失败；挫败 vt. 击败；战胜 （教材原句）However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. (P2) 然而，屠呦呦不认输。 【拓展】 suffer a defeat 遭遇失败 accept/acknowledge defeat 承认/接受失败 defeat an enemy 打败敌人 【例句】 We have prepared and will not suffer a thorough defeat. 我们有准备，决不会一败涂地。 You must learn to accept defeat with good grace. 你必须学会欣然接受失败。 Leaders are expected to have the will and ability to defeat an enemy. 人们期望领导者有战胜敌人的意志和能力。 7. apparently /əˈpærəntli/ adv. 显而易见；看来；显然 （教材原句）She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. (P2) 她得出结论，认为水煎青蒿显然破坏了它的药学属性。 【拓展】 apparent adj. 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的 It is apparent (to sb) that （对某人来说）……是显而易见的 【例句】 He paused, apparently lost in thought. 他停顿下来，显然陷入了沉思。 It is apparent that this movie has an artistic vision. 很明显，这部电影具有艺术性。 8. insist /ɪnˈsɪst/ v. 坚持；坚决要求 （教材原句）Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. (P3) 屠呦呦与团队成员甚至坚持以身试药，以确保药物的安全性。 【搭配】 insist on doing sth 坚持做某事 insist that 表示坚决要求或坚决主张，that后从句的动作尚未发生，则that从句必须使用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用(should) do；当表示坚决认为或坚持说，that后从句表示已发生的动作，则that从句为陈述语气，即从句该用什么时态就用什么时态，当然还要和主句时态保持呼应。 【例句】 I insist on paying for the damage. 我坚持要求赔偿损失。 He also insisted that they (should) leave enough space for children. 他还坚持要求给孩子们留出足够的空间。 My husband and I insisted that our children were old enough to make their beds. 我的丈夫和我坚持认为我们的孩子年龄已经大到可以自己铺床了。 9. conclusion /kənˈklu:ʒn/ n. 结论；推论 （教材原句）Did you come to any conclusions? (P4) 你得出什么结论了吗？ 【拓展】 arrive at/come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论 in conclusion 最后，总之 conclude vt. 断定；推断出；得出结论 conclude from ... 从……中得出结论 conclude (sth.) with 用……结束（某事） 【例句】 What do you conclude from that? 你从那件事中得到了什么结论？ I want to conclude with problems, which may sound kind of negative. 我想以问题来结束，这听起来有点否定意味。 10. circumstance /ˈsɜ:kəmstəns/ n. 条件；环境；状况 （教材原句）Her circumstances are beyond our control. (P5) 她的情况是我们无法控制的。 【拓展】 in/under ... circumstances 在……情况下 in/under no circumstances 决不；无论如何不（放在句首，部分倒装） 【例句】 The rules can only be waived in exceptional circumstances. 该规定仅在特殊条件下方可失效。 Prisoners can only leave their cells under certain circumstances. 在押犯只能在特定时间离开自己的牢房。 Under no circumstances should you lend Paul money. 什么情况下都不要把钱借给保罗。 11. novelist /ˈnɒvəlɪst/ n. 小说家 （教材原句）The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist, J.K. Rowling. It inspired us a lot. (P5)老师让我们听他最喜欢的小说家J.K.罗琳的演讲。它启发了我们很多。 【拓展】 novel n. （长篇）小说 【例句】 For a novelist, that’s quite an accomplishment. 对于一个小说家来说，那是一个了不起的成就。 Her latest novel is eagerly awaited. 人们热切期待她的最新小说。 12. flow /fləʊ/ n. 流；流动；流畅；供应 vi. 流；流动 （教材原句）I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart. (P5) 要求我借助流程图来解释这个项目。 【拓展】 cash flow 现金流量 flow chart 流程图 【例句】 We are keeping our head above water, but our cash flow position is not too good. 我们虽然还未陷入困境，但资金流转状况不太好。 This flow chart, shown below, summarizes the overall costing process. 如下所示，这张流程图概括了成本计算的全程。 This valve regulates the flow of water. 这个阀门调节水流。 13. found /faʊnd/ vt. 创建；建立；把……建立在 （教材原句）founded high-tech and futuristic companies (P6) 创建高科技未来派公司 【拓展】 founder n. 建立者；创立者 Their marriage was founded on love and mutual respect. 他们的婚姻建立在爱情和互相尊重的基础上。 He is the founder of International Sports Management Limited. 他是国际体育管理有限公司的创始人。 14. infer /ɪnˈfɜ:(r)/ vt. 推断；推定 （教材原句）At other times, the reason is given right after the opinion or decision, and the link can be inferred. (P6) 在其它时候，理由是在意见或决定之后给出的，并可以推断出联系。 【拓展】 infer ... from ... 从……中推断出…… 【例句】 What can we infer about the author from the text? 从文章中我们能推断出作者的什么信息？ The police inferred, though they didn’t exactly say it, that they found her behaviour rather suspicious. 虽未明说，警方却暗示他们发现她的行迹相当可疑。 15.theory /ˈθɪəri/ n. 理论；学说 （教材原句） He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2. (P8) 他为世界作出了无数的贡献，最为出名的当数广义相对论和著名的方程式E=mc2。 【拓展】 theorist n. 理论家 theoretical adj. 理论上的 theoretically adv. 理论上 The theory remains untested. 该理论仍未经过验证。 Theoretically, the price is supposed to be marked on the shelf. 从理论上说，价格是要标在货架上的。 16. passion /ˈpæʃ(ə)n/ n. 酷爱；激情 （教材原句）While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. (P8) 工作期间，出于强烈的求知欲，他仍继续学习，于1905年获得物理学博士学位。 【拓展】 full of passion 充满激情 have a passion for 对……有强烈的激情/爱好 【例句】 To work and live full of passion, everything will be so dynamic. 充满激情地工作和生活，一切都会如此充满活力。 The English have a passion for gardens. 英国人酷爱花园。 【拓展】 passionate adj. 狂热的 17. gradually /ˈɡrædʒuəli/ adv. 逐渐地，逐步地 （教材原句）Following this, he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Issac Newton. (p8) 此后，他渐渐闻名于世，被誉为第二个艾萨克·牛顿。 【例句】 The weather gradually improved. 天气逐渐好转。 18. come to power （开始）掌权；上台 （教材原句）Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany. (P8) 1933年，希特勒在德国上台，形势发生了变化。 【拓展】 be in power 执政，掌权 beyond/out of one’s power 力所不能及的 【例句】 But he has come to power in difficult circumstances. 但是他是在艰难的情况下上台的。 Clearly, you don’t want to make an enemy of someone who will be in power for a while. 显然，你不会想和一个暂时还在当权的人作对。 Finishing the task in just one day is out of my power. 仅在一天之内就完成这个任务是我力所不能及的。 19.consequence /ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/ n. 结果，后果 （教材原句） As a consequence, he had to flee Germany. (P8) 因此，他不得不逃离德国。 【拓展】 as a consequence = in consequence 结果，因此 take/suffer/face the consequences (of sth) 承担……的后果 consequent adj. 作为结果的，随之而来的 consequently adv. 结果，因此 【例句】 He suffered much in consequence. 结果他遭受了很大的损失。 He was prepared to face the consequences. 他准备承担后果。 They had children and were consequently tied to the school vacations. 他们有几个孩子，因此被学校假期束缚住了。 20. take up a position 担任；任职 （教材原句）After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. (P8) 在欧洲度过一段时间后，他终于在美国普林斯顿高等研究院谋得研究员一职。 【拓展】 take up 接受；开始从事；占据（时间或空间） 【例句】 I won’t take up any more of your time. 我不会再占用你的时间了。 He left a career in teaching to take up a position with the Arts Council. 他放弃了教学工作，到艺术委员会任职。 He left to take up a new position with another company. 他走了，在另一家公司谋得了一个新职位。 21. encounter /ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)/ vt. 偶然碰到；遇到 n. 邂逅；遭遇 （教材原句）In fact, Einstein often encountered people on the street who would stop him to help explain things. (p9) 事实上，爱因斯坦经常遇到有人当街拦住他，请他解释各种事物。 【例句】 She was the most remarkable woman he had ever encountered. 她是他所见到过的最出色的女性。 His first encounter with Wilson was back in 1989. 他第一次遇到威尔逊是早在 1989 年。 22.sum /sʌm/ vi. 总结；概括 n. 金额；款项；总数；总和 （教材原句）Use your notes to write your introduction and sum up how you feel about this person. (P9) 在你的笔记上写下你的介绍并总结你对这个人的感觉。 【拓展】 sum up 总结；概括 to sum up 概括地说 in sum 总之；总而言之 【例句】 The sum of all the angles of a triangle is 180 degrees. 一个三角形的所有角度之和是180度。 To sum up, there are three main ways of tackling the problem. 概括起来说，这一问题主要有三种解决办法。 In sum, talent is not so important as working hard in either study or daily work. 总之，无论是在学习中或是在日常工作中，天赋并不像努力工作那么重要。 23.（教材原句） Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. (P3) 随后，该药物试用于疟疾患者，其中大多数人康复了。 【名师点津】 本句是一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句。主句是the medicine was tested on malaria patients。第二个逗号后面是“不定代词+of+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。 【例句】 He planted two trees last year, both of which are growing well. 他去年种了两棵树，长得都很好。 He has three daughters, all of whom went abroad for further education. 他有三个女儿，她们都出国深造了。 24. （教材原句）Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine.” (P3) 获悉自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我。” 【名师点津】 在本句中，she said, ...是主句，that引导的句子作hearing的宾语。Upon hearing...是“upon+动词-ing形式”构成介词短语，在句中作时间状语。upon还可换为介词on，表示“一件事情紧接着另一件事情发生”。这种用法常见于正式文体中，根据语境可翻译为“当……时；一……就……”。 【拓展】 有时也可用“upon/on+名词”形式表达相同的意思。 【例句】 Upon hearing that he had won the lottery, the man laughed heartily. 当知道自己中彩票时，这个男人开怀大笑。 On his return from his vacation, he began writing his first novel. 他一休假回来，就开始写他的第一部小说。 25. 状语从句省略 （教材原句）While (she was) waiting at the bus stop, she met the famous professor. 在公交车站等车时，她遇到了那位著名的教授。 (1)状语从句省略的条件：状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或是代词it且状语从句谓语中含有be动词。 (2)if构成的其他固定省略形式： if any如果有的话 if necessary如果有必要的话 if so如果是这样的话 if ever如果曾经有的话 if not如果不这样的话 4.find＋宾语＋宾语补足语 （教材原句）Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him. 爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。 “find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构形式归纳： (1)find＋宾语＋ (2)find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do(it是形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语) Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost for words. 即使最好的作家有时候也会发现自己表达不出来。 XB1U1词性转换及短语精练 1、 高频词汇变形 1._______vt.承诺;保证vi.忠于;全心全意投入…→_________ adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的→__________ n.奉献;承诺,保证 __________________ 2. __________n．（艺术、文学、科学等的）研究院；学会；专科院校→__________adj.学业的；学术的 3. ____________ n.目标;目的adj.客观的→_____________adj.主观的 ______vt.推断→___________ n. (加ence,类似变法:refer______;prefer_______) 4. ___________(=________) vt．评价；评估→_____________(=________) n.评价；评估 注意区分: fly-________-________ flow-________-________ 5.____________adj．清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→_____________ n．区别，差别；特点，特性 blow-________-________ 6._________vi＆vt（使）沸腾;煮开;烧开n.沸腾;沸点→__________adj.沸腾的 _____n.土壤 ______n.油 ______ vi.变质vt.损坏;毁坏；溺爱,宠坏 7. ___________ n．液体 adj．液体的；液态的→__________n．固体 adj．牢固的；可靠的 8. _____________vt.承认(属实、权威等)(公开)感谢→_____________n.承认;鸣谢 ___________vt.辨别/认出,承认…有效(属实);认可→__________ n. 9. _____________ vt．分析→_____________ n．分析→________________n.［pl.］分析 basis n.基础(复数：___________) 10._____________ adj．显然的；表面上的=____________=_____________ →_____________ adv．显而易见；看来；显然 11.________ adj.科学(上)的;关于科学的→________ n．科学家→________ n.科学 _______(=________) n.热情→_________(=________) adj.热情的 12. _____________ n．结论；推论→____________vt.推断出,断定；终止,结束 _________________ 得出结论, 作出推论 draw-_____-_______ 13. __________ n.小说家→_________ n.（长篇）小说;adj._______ __________ vt.创新→__________ n.→____________adj.创新的,有创新精神的 14. ______vt.创建(=_______);把·····建立在→______ n.创立者→_________ n.创建(=___________);地基;基础;根据 ______ n.基金v.为…提供资金 found的过去式,过去分词：___________ __________v.找到→___________(过去式)→__________(过去分词) fund n._______v._____________ 15. _____________ n．从政者；政治家；政客→_____________ n．政治→___________ adj.政治的 16. ________ adj．温柔的；文静的→_______ adv．温柔地;文静地→_________ n. ________adj.简单的;单纯的→_________ adv.简单地;只;仅仅 17. _____________ adv．逐渐地；逐步地→____________ adj．逐渐的;逐步的 ____________adj. 个别的,单独的,个人的独特的 n.个人 18._____________ n．社会公共机构；制度；习俗→_____________ n.（教育、专业等）机构；机构建筑 19. _____________n.结果；后果→_____________ adj.作为结果的→_____________ adv.所以；因此=_____________=_____________ 20. _____________n．教授→_____________ n．职业→_________________ adj. 职业的, 专业的n.职业选手，专业人士 21. __________ adj.非凡的;显著的(____________)→_________ adv.显著地→_______ vt.评论 flee-______-_____vi. 逃走,逃掉 vt.逃离,逃避 22.___________n.成功→ __________adj.成功的;达到目的→___________ vi.成功 vt.& vi.继承,继任,vt.随…之后;继续 _____________ 成功做成某事 23.___________n.力量；体力→__________v.（使）变强；加强；增强→__________adj.强壮的；结实的；强大的→___________adv.强烈地；坚定地 _______ adj.长的vi.渴望;热望→___________n.长度→___________v.（使）变长 24. __________vi.信赖;依靠→__________adj. 可靠的,可信赖的 → __________ n. 依靠, 依赖 v.和n.都可和介词__________搭配 25. _____________vt．促进；提升；推销；晋级→_____________n．促进；提升→_____________adj.促销的,宣传的 26. _____________vt. & vi.提议;建议计划;求婚→_____________n. 提议,建议;求婚 向某人求婚_____________________ 27. ___n.应用程序;应用软件→________n.申请(表);用途;运用→_____ vt.涂;敷;应/运用vi.申请;使用→_________ n.申请人→_________n.器具 ①沉迷于做某事:_________________ ②向某人申请某事:_________________ ③适用于…:__________ ④apply A to B:____________;_____________ 28. __________adj.精确的, 准确的→__________ n.精确(性), 准确(性) 在某人帮助下___________________=_____________________ 29. ________n.指南;导游v.指导;指引;给某人领路→_________ n. 指导,引导;领导 在某人指导下____________________=_____________________ 30.____________ vi．消失；灭绝；消亡→___________ n．消失灭绝→___________ vi.出现；显得；似乎→_____________ n. 出现,露面;______ 2、 词块翻译 1. _____________________ 做出发现 2. _____________________ 形成更好的印象 3. _____________________ 被授予给… 4. _____________________导致；通向 5. _____________________是...的一种重要的新疗法 6. _____________________ 几十万；无数 7. _____________________ 成千上万的...；无数的... 8. _____________________ 死于(外因)；因…而死 9. _____________________ 成为…的重要组成部分 10. _____________________ 从…毕业 11. _____________________ 组成…的团队 12. _____________________ 以(做)…为目的 13. _____________________ 开始，开端；起初 14. _____________________ 成为…的首领/负责人 15. _____________________ 在与…对抗/斗争中 16. _____________________ 建议做某事 17. _____________________ 从…提取/摘录 18. _____________________ 一批，一些 19. __________________________________________ 尝试做某事 20. _____________________ 进入僵局,被卡住 21. _____________________ 承认失败，服输 22. _____________________ 偶然；意外地 23. _____________________ 抽出，提取 24. _____________________ 坚持做某事 25. _____________________ 在某人身上试验这种药 26. _____________________ 确信；证实 27. _____________________ 根据，按照；取决于；据…所说 28. _____________________ 团队合作，团队努力的结果 29. _____________________ 除了；不同于 30. _____________________ 涉及，有关 31. _____________________ 与…不同 32. _____________________ 区别, 分辨 33. _____________________ 经得起；抵抗；勇敢地面对 34. _____________________ 磨损,消耗 35. _____________________ 得出结论 36. _____________________ 在低温下 37. _____________________ 被承认是, 被公认为 38. _____________________ 改变主意/想法 39. _____________________ 即将/刚要做某事 40. _____________________某人突然想到 41. _____________________ 担心，关心 42. _____________________ 休学，退学 43. _____________________ 被出版 44. _____________________ 乐意/愿意做某事 45. _____________________当权，掌权，当政 46. _____________________ 无法控制 47. _____________________ 在建造中；正在施工之中 48. _____________________ 由……设计 49. _____________________ 在…的帮助下, 借助于 50. _____________________ 流程图 51. _____________________ 对某人来说是个很大的挑战 52. _____________________ 在…方面取得很大进步/展 53. _____________________ 网上购物,网购 54. _____________________ 为…做出巨大贡献 55. _____________________ 广义相对论 56. _____________________ 由于；应归于 57. _____________________ 设法做某事 58. _____________________ 找一份…工作 59. _____________________ 接受做…的工作 60. _____________________ 出于对…强烈激情/爱好 61. _____________________获得物理学博士学位 62. _____________________ 被记录为 63. _____________________ 辞去在专利局的工作 64. _____________________ 当权；执政 65. _____________________ 因此，结果 66. _____________________ 担任…的职位 67. _____________________ 在…方面取得巨大成就 68. _____________________ 竖着 69. _____________________ 好像；仿佛 70. _____________________ 电击 71. _____________________ 敲击（门、窗） 72. _____________________ 被误认为…; 被误解为 73. _____________________ 据报道 74. _____________________ 去世；停止 75. _____________________ 总结；概述；计算…的总数 76. _____________________ 让人惊讶的是 77. _____________________ 通过努力工作获得名誉和财富 78. _____________________ 许多;大量 79. _____________________ 决不，无论如何都不 80. _____________________ 被广泛认为是 81. _____________________ 对某人来说似乎很奇怪 82. _____________________ 根据;以…为基础 83. _____________________ 提出了许多先进的思想 84. _____________________ 把…团结起来 85. _____________________ 尤其; 特别 86. _____________________ 为…寻找支持 87. _____________________ 为…创造机会 88. _____________________ 过上好生活 89. _____________________ 使某人做某事 90. _____________________如果是这样的话; 要是这样 91. _____________________ 激励某人做某事 92. _____________________ 出生在…家庭 93. _____________________ 起关键/重要作用 94. _____________________ 成功地做成某事 95_____________________ 死于心脏病 选修一Unit 2 Looking into the Future 单词回顾和词汇拓展： 1.persuade vt.说服；劝说 [教材原文] For example, the phrase in my opinion tells us that the passage is likely meant to persuade.例如，“in my opinion”这个短语告诉我们，这篇文章可能是为了说服。 (1)I have persuaded all the students to organize the English speech activity well. (2)我试图说服学生会主席创建一个英语俱乐部以提高学生对英语的兴趣，但是白费力气。 I advised/tried to persuade the chairman of the Students' Union to found an English club to strengthen students' interest in English，but in vain. (3)(2022·浙江卷1月，读后续写)我认为说服他接受我的观点是不可能的，所以我不想浪费我们的时间来讨论。(persuade...into...) I thought it was impossible to persuade him into accepting my views, so I didn't want to waste our time having a discussion. 注意：persuade表示“说服”，强调说服的结果；advise表示“劝说，建议”，对方不一定接受，强调动作。“劝说但不一定有效果”应表述为：advise sb. to do sth.或try to persuade sb. to do sth. 2.switch vt.转换；交换 vi.& vt.(使)改变，转变 n．开关；转换器；改变 [教材原文] Or，have you ever forgotten to switch off the TV or computer？或者，你忘记过关闭电视或电脑吗？ (1)露西早早地下班回到家，换完衣服后，她关灯来到客厅。然后她打开电视，转到第10频道。 Lucy got home from work early.After changing clothes，she switched off the light and came to the living room.Then she switched on the TV and switched it over to Channel 10. (2)(应用文之口头通知)请注意！务必确保演出时所有手机关机。 Attention，please! Do make sure all mobile phones are switched off during the performance. (1)switch on打开；接通 switch off关闭；切断 switch over改变；转换(电视频道或电台) switch (from...) to...(从……)转变为…… switch sth. with sb.和某人交换某物 (2)make a switch做出改变 3.distant adj.遥远的；冷淡的；心不在焉的；远处的；疏远的 [教材原文] However, in the not-too-distant future, we will be living in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget.然而，在不久的将来，我们将生活在智能家居中：当我们不在(家)时，智能家居会为我们锁上门；当我们忘记关掉电视时，智能家居会记得关掉它。 (1)远处的那条瀑布可以看得很清楚，它离这里正好500米远。从3千米外就能听到它的声音。从远处看它更美。 The waterfall in the distance，which is exactly 500 meters distant from here，can be seen clearly.Its sound can be heard at a distance of three kilometers.It looks even more beautiful at/from a distance． (2)(应用文之慰问信)得知你的新同学对你冷淡，我非常担心你。 Learning that your new classmates keep you at a distance/keep their distance from you，I am quite worried about you. distance n．距离；远处；疏远 in the distance在远处 at/from a distance隔一段距离；从远处 at a distance of在……的距离 keep sb. at a distance对某人冷淡；与某人疏远 keep one's distance from...与……保持距离；疏远…… 4.preference n．偏爱；爱好 [教材原文] Your home will also learn your daily routine and preferences, so everything will be ready for you when you get home each evening.你的(智能)房屋也会了解你的日常生活习惯和喜好，所以当你每天晚上到家时，一切都会为你准备好。 (1)The manager has decided to give preference (prefer) to those who have worked here for many years. (2)(应用文之推荐信)得知你偏爱英国文学，我写信向你推荐一些经典作品。 Learning that you prefer/have a preference for English literature，I am writing to recommend some classics to you. (3)孩子们宁愿骑自行车到乡下去，也不愿整天待在家里。 →The children preferred cycling to the countryside to staying at home all day long.(prefer doing...to doing...) →The children preferred to cycle to the countryside rather than stay at home all day long.(prefer to do...rather than do...) →The children would rather cycle to the countryside than stay at home all day long.(would rather do...than do...) →The children would cycle to the countryside rather than stay at home all day long.(would do...rather than do...) (1)have a preference for...偏爱……,in preference to...优先于……,show/give preference to...优先考虑…… (2)prefer vt.更喜欢；宁愿 prefer sth./doing...to sth./doing...与……相比，更喜欢……；宁愿（做）……，而不愿（做）…… 5.instant n．瞬间；片刻 adj.立即的；速食的；速溶的 [教材原文] Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes，and you will find your dinner already prepared for you.你一进家门，灯就会亮起，还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目(会自动播放)，而且你会发现晚餐已为你准备好了。 (1)(2023·浙江卷1月，读后续写)She ceased her struggle the instant I picked her up. (2)(读后续写之动作描写)They had no sooner seen the oak tree full of yellow handkerchiefs than they jumped up and shouted with joy. →No sooner had they seen the oak tree full of yellow handkerchiefs than they jumped up and shouted with joy. (倒装句) (3)(应用文之邀请信)我一得知将有英语诗歌朗诵比赛，我就写信邀请你参加。 →The instant I learn that there will be an English Poetry Recitation Competition，I am writing to invite you to take part in it.(the instant) →On/Upon learning that there will be an English Poetry Recitation Competition，I am writing to invite you to take part in it.(on/upon doing) (1)句中的the instant “一……就……”，引导时间状语从句。 (2)“一……就……”的其他表达方式： on/upon (doing) sth. as soon as＋从句 the moment/minute＋从句 immediately/instantly/directly＋从句 no sooner...than... hardly/scarcely...when... 注意：no sooner，hardly，scarcely位于句首时，句子要用倒装结构。 6.command n．命令；控制；指令 vt.命令；控制 [教材原文] All controls will respond to voice commands, so if you want to change your routine, you just say aloud what you want and the home system will obey.所有的控制都会响应语音命令，所以如果你想改变你的日常生活习惯，你只需大声说出你想要的，房屋系统就会遵照执行。 (1)Time was limited.The boss commanded us to finish(finish) the work as scheduled. ＝Time was limited.The boss commanded that we (should) finish (finish) the work as scheduled. (2)(应用文之申请信)因为我精通英语，我深信我可以担任您的导游。 Having (a) good command of English，I hold a strong belief that I can take up a position as your guide. (3)据说，这支军队由这位杰出的将军指挥。 It is said that this army is under the extraordinary general's command/under the command of the extraordinary general． (1)have (a) good command of精通(语言等)；掌握 be in command of控制…… under the command of sb.＝under one's command由某人指挥；由某人控制 (2)command sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事 注意：command后跟同位语从句、表语从句或宾语从句时，从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋) do”。 7.catch fire着火(表示动作，不与时间段连用) [教材原文] This way, you will be able to fix the problem before your home becomes flooded or catches fire.这样，你就能在你家被水淹没或着火之前解决问题。 (1)“Tom，run! Be quick! The house is on fire！” the mother screamed，with panic in her voice. (2)房子昨晚着火了，消防员灭火前房子着了两个小时的火。 The house caught fire last night and it had been on fire for two hours before the firefighters put out the fire． (3)(读后续写之动作链描写)简站起来，拣了一些树枝，设法生火以吓跑野生动物。 Jane rose to her feet，picked some branches and made a fire with the objective of frightening away wild animals. be on fire着火(表示状态，与时间段连用) set fire to...＝set...on fire使……着火；放火烧…… put out a fire灭火 make a fire生火 play with fire玩火；做危险的事；自找危险 8.in this sense (in...sense)从这种(某种)意义上来讲 [教材原文] In this sense, the home of tomorrow is already the home of today.从这种意义上说，明天的家已经是今天的家了。 (1)In this sense, your suggestion is of great use to us. (2)There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly understand them at all. →There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly make sense of them at all. (3)(应用文之建议信)听说你很难理解物理老师上课讲的内容，我感到非常难过。我强调的是抱怨是没有意义的。与此同时，你绝不能放弃，你现在必须做的是向你的同学和老师寻求帮助。在某种意义上，只有你坚持学习物理，你才能在不太遥远的未来取得显著进步。 I am terribly sorry to hear that you have difficulty making sense of what your physics teacher says in class.What I put emphasis on is that there is no/little sense in complaining.Meanwhile，in no sense should you give up.What you must do now is turn to your classmates and teachers for assistance.In a sense，only if you insist on studying physics can you make remarkable progress in the not-too-distant future. make sense讲得通；有意义 make sense of懂得；了解……的意义 make no sense讲不通；没有意义 in a sense在某种意义上；在某种程度上 in no sense决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装) There's no/little sense in doing sth.做某事没有意义。 ９.occupation n．职业；占领 (1)You will be asked to fill in a form with details of your birth and occupation (occupy). (2)(2024·1月九省联考，读后续写)作为训练员，我欠你一个道歉，我整天忙着训练海豚，忽略了其他的一些细节。 As a trainer, I owe you an apology.I was occupied (with/in) training dolphins, overlooking some other details. (3)(应用文之道歉信)As I am occupied in preparing for the College Entrance Examination，I am terribly sorry not to reply to your last letter in an instant. →Occupied (in/with) preparing for the College Entrance Examination，I am terribly sorry not to reply to your last letter in an instant.(形容词短语作状语) →Occupying myself (in) preparing for the College Entrance Examination，I am terribly sorry not to reply to your last letter in an instant.(现在分词短语作状语) １０.oppose vt.反对；抵制；阻挠；与……竞争 [教材原文] In the article, various people said that the public should oppose the idea of developing driverless cars.在这篇报道中，很多人说公众应该反对研制无人驾驶汽车的想法。 (1)She was strongly opposed (oppose) to the idea of going abroad. (2)Those students who are opposed to the proposal can present their reasons. →Those students opposed to/opposing the proposal can present their reasons.(非谓语动词作定语) (3)(应用文之求助信)我父母反对我加入舞蹈社，这使我情绪低落，因此，你可以给我一些建议吗？ My parents oppose me/my joining the dance club，which makes me in low spirits and hence，could you be kind enough to offer me some tips? (1)oppose (sb./sth.) doing sth.反对(某人/物)做某事 (2)opposed adj.反对的；对立的 be opposed to (doing) sth.反对(做)某事 (3)opposite adj.相反的；对面的 n．对立的人；对立面 prep.与……相对 １１.absence n．缺乏；不存在；缺席；不在 [教材原文] On the one hand, there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily in the absence of new technology.一方面，世界上有许多不同的群体，他们在没有新科技的情况下幸福地生活着。 (1)When I spoke to him, he looked at me in an absent (absence) way and didn't answer. (2)很长时间没有上学后，我的老师和同学们都帮助我补习功课。 →My teachers and classmates helped me with the lessons after my long absence from school．(absence n．) →My teachers and classmates helped me with the lessons after I had been absent from school for a long time．(absent adj.) (1)during/in one's absence＝in the absence of sb.当某人不在的时候 absence of mind 心不在焉 (2)absent adj.缺席的，不在的；心不在焉的 be absent from 缺席，不在 １２.advocate vt.提倡；支持；拥护 n．提倡者；支持者；拥护者 [教材原文] They advocate a simple life with an emphasis on hard work, family, and community.他们提倡简单的生活，重视努力工作、家庭和团体。 (1)The remarkable professor was an advocate for/of the activity. (2)(话题写作之环保)随着世界环境日的临近，我倡议做好分内事来保护环境。 →With World Environment Day approaching，I advocate doing our part to protect the environment.(advocate doing sth.) →With World Environment Day approaching，I advocate that we (should) do our part to protect the environment.(advocate that...) (1)advocate (doing) sth.提倡/主张(做)某事 advocate that...(should) do...主张/提倡…… (2)an advocate for/of...……的支持者/拥护者 １３.resist vi.& vt.抵制；反抗；抵挡 [教材原文] Nevertheless, I will always look on the positive side of change and accept it rather than resist it.尽管如此，我总会看到变化的积极的一面，并且接受它而不是抵制它。 (1)We should take exercise to build up resistance (resist) to diseases. (2)(读后续写之情感描写)他发现很难不买这些书。 He found it hard to resist buying these books. (3)(读后续写之情感描写)我忍不住把那个秘密告诉了他。 I couldn't resist telling him the secret. (1)resist (doing) sth.反对(做)某事 can't resist doing sth.禁不住做某事 (2)resistant adj.对……有抵抗力的，抵制的，反抗的 be resistant to...对……有抵抗力；抵制…… (3)resistance n．抵制；反对；抗拒 resistance to...对……的抵制/抵抗力 １４.keep/stay in touch (with...)(与……)保持联系；了解(某课题或领域的情况) [教材原文] Moreover, the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world.此外，即使身处世界的两端，互联网使(我们同)朋友和家人能很容易地保持联系。 (1)我们十年前彼此失去了联系，也就是说，我们已经失去联系十年了。 We lost touch with each other ten years ago.That is to say，we have been out of touch for ten years. (2)To my regret, I lost touch with my close friend (与我的好朋友失去了联系). (3)(读后续写之动作描写)和他的发小联系上之后，汤姆冲上前，紧紧地抱住了他，激动的泪水顺着脸颊流淌。 After getting in touch with his childhood friend，Tom rushed forward and hugged him tightly，tears of excitement trickling down his cheeks. be in touch with...与……有联系(状态) be out of touch with...与……失去联系(状态) get in touch with...与……取得联系(动作) lose touch with...与……失去联系(动作) 1５.with复合结构 [教材原文] They advocate a simple life with an emphasis on hard work，family，and community.他们提倡简单的生活，重视努力工作、家庭和团体。 (1)With an important examination to take (take)，I feel like sitting on pins and needles.Could you offer me some suggestions on how to relieve my pressure? (2)(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，应用文写作)I suggest that you put three or four students together，with one as the group leader(一个作组长；with复合结构)，in which case we can communicate with each other at a great depth. (3)(2021·浙江1月卷，读后续写)我的头卡在大南瓜里，我的心狂跳不止，我感到要窒息了。最终，在父亲的帮助下，我成功地把头从南瓜里拔了出来。 With my head stuck in the huge pumpkin，my heart beat wildly and I felt nearly suffocated.Finally，with my father helping me，I managed to pull my head out of the pumpkin. (1)句中的with an emphasis on hard work，family，and community 是with复合结构。 (2)常见的with复合结构的构成有： with＋宾语＋ １６.make it＋adj./n.＋(for sb.) to do sth. [教材原文] Moreover，the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world.此外，即使身处世界的两端，互联网使(我们同)朋友和家人能很容易地保持联系。 (1)I made it clear that I was opposed to the plan. (2)I find that it is difficult to adapt myself to the life in the distant country. →I find it difficult to adapt myself to the life in the distant country.(it作形式宾语) (3)(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷，应用文写作)我认为每天读英文报Youth半小时对我们学生来说非常有用。因此，我养成了每天读英文报的习惯。 I think/consider it quite useful for us students to read the English newspaper Youth for half an hour on a daily basis.As a consequence，I make it a rule to read it every day. (1)此句中，it是形式宾语，不定式短语作真正的宾语，it后的形容词或名词作宾语补足语，for用于引出不定式的逻辑主语； (2)用于该句型的动词还有：think，consider，find，feel等。 １７．It will take＋一段时间＋before从句 [教材原文] Nevertheless，it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.然而，大多数新家庭还需要几年才能开始使用这项新技术。 (1)If you miss this chance, it may be years before you get another one. (2)我完全解决这个关键问题还要花两个小时的时间。 It will take two hours before I completely solve this critical problem. (3)(读后续写之紧张情绪描写)没过多久简就意识到她在陌生的森林里迷路了，这使她如坐针毡。但是她不断地安慰自己：“用不了多久我的丈夫就会找到我。” It wasn't long before Jane sensed that she got lost in the unfamiliar forest，which made her feel like sitting on pins and needles.But she constantly comforted herself，“It won't be long before my husband finds me．” It will take/be＋一段时间＋before从句(一般现在时)在……之前要花一段时间 It wasn't long＋before从句(一般过去时)没过多久就…… It won't be long＋before从句(一般现在时)过不了多久就会…… XB1U2词汇变形及短语 一、词汇变形 1．__________vt．劝说；说服→__________adj．有说服力的→__________n.说服；劝说 2．__________adj．遥远的；远处的；疏远的；心不在焉的→__________n.距离 3．__________adj．安全的；安心的；可靠的；牢固的 vt．获得；拴牢；保护 →__________n.安全工作；保护措施 4.__________adj..自动的→__________adv.自动地 5.__________adj..效率高的；有功效的→__________adv 有效地→__________n.效率；效能 6．__________n．爱好；偏爱→__________vt．更喜欢；宁愿 7.__________vi. &vt.服从；遵守→__________vi.8evt..不服从；违反 8．__________n．警告；警示；先兆→__________vt.警告 9.__________adj..不正常的；反常的→__________adj正常的 10．__________adj．严重的；关键的；批判性的→__________n．评论家 →__________vt.批评；评论→__________adv.批判性地 11．__________adj．可能的；潜在的n．潜力；可能性→__________adv.潜在地；可能地 12．__________vt．发现；查明→__________n．侦探 13．__________adj．有关的；有意义的→__________adj．不相关的→__________adv.相关地 14．__________n．幻想；想象→__________adj．极好的 15．__________n．犯罪活动；不法行为→__________n．罪犯；犯人 adj.刑事的；犯罪的 16．__________vt．＆ vi．（使）结合；混合→__________n．结合；联合 17．__________vt．预测；预言；预料→__________n．预测；预言 18．__________n．职业；占领→__________vt．占据；占用；使忙于（做某事） →__________adj.被占领的；使用中；忙于 19． __________vt．反对；抵制；阻挠→__________adj．反对的 →__________adj.对面的；相反的→__________n.反对 20．__________n．不存在；缺乏；缺席__________adj.缺席的；不在的；缺乏的 21．__________n．强调；重视；重要性→__________vt.强调 22．__________n．奢华→__________adj．奢侈的 23．__________vi．＆vt．抵制；反抗；抵挡→__________n．抵制；反对；抗拒 →__________adj.反抗的；抵制的 24．__________adj．精确的；准确的→__________adv.精确地；准确地→__________n.精确性 25．__________n．图书管理员；图书馆馆长→__________n．图书馆 二、词块翻译 1.______________________________（与……）保持联系 2.______________________________着火 3.______________________________从这种（某种）意义上来讲 4. ______________________________... 和……有关 5.______________________________把……与……结合起来 6. ______________________________ 缺席；不在 7. ______________________________为……准备好 8. ______________________________ 对……做出反应 9. ______________________________ 此外 10. ______________________________了解……的动态 11. ______________________________防止 12. ______________________________ 实现 13.______________________________受益于 14. ______________________________ 忍不住做某事 15. ______________________________发出（信号、声音、光、热等） 16. ______________________________ 出发 17. ______________________________ 闲逛 18. ______________________________观光 19. ______________________________ 全球变暖 20. ______________________________ 人工智能 21. ______________________________ 尤其 22. ______________________________ 而不是 选修一Unit 3 Fascinating Parks 单词回顾和词汇拓展： 知识点1 ban ( ① v t .明令禁止；取缔 ) （教材原句） Though the Sami are allowed to continue their traditional way of life in the park,no one else can live here,and all new development is banned within park boundaries.虽然萨米人可以继续以他们传统的生活方式在公 园里生活，但是其他人不可以住在这里，而且在公园范围内禁止进行任何新的开发。 【拓展】 ban sb from(doing)sth禁止某人做某事/禁止某人去某处/取消某人的某种资格等 Charlie has been banned from driving for a year.查利被禁止驾驶一年。 He was banned from the meeting.他被取消了出席会议的资格。 ②n.禁令；禁止 a ban on….关于……的禁令a complete ban彻底禁止 知识点2 accompany vt.陪同；陪伴；伴随；与……同时发生；(尤指用钢琴)为……伴奏 （教材原句） Since reindeer were always on the move,the Sami would pick up their tents and accompany them.由于驯鹿总是在迁移，萨米人会收起帐篷，陪着驯鹿(移动)。 【拓展】 accompany sb to someplace陪某人去某地 accompany sb on sth用某种乐器为某人伴奏 be accompanied with/by.….附带着/伴随着…… I agreed to accompany Ken on a trip to Africa.我答应陪肯一起去非洲旅行。 If she sang,he would accompany her on the piano.如果她唱歌的话，他就会用钢琴为她伴奏。 The disease is accompanied by/with sneezing and fever.这种病伴有打喷嚏和发烧症状。 联想词①company n.陪伴；公司 keep sb company陪伴某人；与某人做伴 ②companion n.同伴；伙伴 知识点3 adopt vt.采用；采取；采纳vt.&vi.领养 （教材原句） I am not a Sami,but in Sarek I've adopted some of their habits.我不是萨米人，但在萨勒克，我养成了他们的一些习惯。 All three teams adopted different approaches to the problem.三个队处理这个问题的方法各不相同。 【拓展】 adopt a new technique采用新技术 adopt an idea采纳想法 adopt an orphan收养孤儿 联想词adoption n.采纳；收养电影《美女与野兽》改编自迪士尼经典动画 易混词adapt vt.使适应； 改造；改编vi.&vt.适应(新情况)adapt(oneself)to.….适应…… be adapted from…改编自……be adapted for…改编成…… The children are finding it hard to adapt to the new school.孩子们觉得很难适应新学校。 The film has been adapted from a play of the same title.=A play has been adapted for the film of the same title.这部电影改编自一部同名戏剧。 知识点4 set out出发；启程；(怀着目标)开始工作 （教材原句） After breakfast,I pack my bag and set out again.早饭后，我收拾好行李又出发了。 【拓展】 set out for…动身去…… set out to do sth一心做某事；决心开始做某事 You will be anxious if you set out for a dinner late.如果你太迟动身去赴宴的话，你将会感到焦虑。 He set out to break the world hurdle race record.他一心想打破跨栏赛跑的世界纪录。 联想拓展含有set的其他常用短语 set about(doing)sth着手做某事set up建立；安装；建起 set back延缓；阻碍；使花费(大笔金钱)set down写下；记下 set off出发；动身；激发；使爆炸be set in…以……为背景 知识点5 prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止；阻止 （教材原句） officially or legally prohibit官方或法律禁止 常用搭配prohibit sb from doing sth禁止某人做某事 At that time,citizens were prohibited from travelling abroad.在那个时代，公民被禁止出国旅游。 【拓展】 “禁止/阻止某人做某事”的其他常用短语 禁止某人做某事：forbid sb from doing sth/forbid sb to do sth/ban sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事：keep sb from doing sth/prevent sb(from)doing sth/stop sb(from)doing sth/discourage sb from doing sth 联想词prohibition n.禁止；阻止；禁令 知识点6 appeal ①vi.有吸引力；呼吁；恳求；上诉 （教材原句） Whichever and whatever you like,there is an incredible theme park that will appeal to you!无论你喜欢哪一个、喜欢什么,一定有一个绝好的主题公园会吸引你! 【拓展】 appeal to有吸引力；有感染力；呼吁；上诉；打动 appeal to sb to do sth呼吁/恳求某人做某事appeal to sb for sth向某人呼吁某事 appeal to…against…针对……向……提出上诉 The victims of the earthquake-stricken area appealed to the government for relief.地震灾区的灾民请求政府给予救济。 Martin Luther King appealed to the blacks to appeal to the highest court against racial discrimination,which greatly appealed to the whole world.马丁·路德·金呼吁黑人向最高法庭上诉，反对种族歧视，这引起了全世界极大的关注。 ②n.吸引力；呼吁；上诉；请求 ●The police made an appeal to the public to remain calm.警方呼吁公众保持镇静。 联想词appealing adj.有吸引力的；有趣的 知识点7 wander vt.&vi.闲逛；漫游vi.走失；离散；走神；偏离主题n.游荡；闲逛；流浪 （教材原句） As you wander around the fantasy amusement park,you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade or even on the street.当你在奇幻的游乐园里闲逛时，你也许会在游行队伍里甚至在街上看见白雪公主或米老鼠。 Her thoughts wandered back to her youth.她浮想联翩，思绪回到了青春岁月。 【拓展】 wander in/through/around游荡在 wander away/off走散/偏离(正道)wander from/off…离开/偏离…… The child wandered off and got lost.那孩子走散后迷路了。 知识点8 amuse vt.(提供)消遣；(使)娱乐(=entertain);使开心；逗笑；逗乐 （教材原句） Of course,Disneyland also has many exciting rides to amuse you,from enormous swinging ships to scary free-fall drops.当然，迪士尼乐园也有许多令人兴奋的游乐设施供你娱乐，从巨大的摇摆船到可怕的跳楼机。 【拓展】 amuse oneself自娱自乐 amuse sb by/with sth用某事/物逗某人开心 He would amuse us for hours with some stories that he made up.他会接连几小时用他编的一些故事逗我们开心。 联想词①amusement n.娱乐(活动);愉悦 to one's amusement令某人发笑的是 ②amused adj.被逗乐的；觉得好笑的 be amused at/by.….被……逗乐；以……为乐 be amused to see/find/learn/.….看到/发现/得知/……而感到有趣或好笑 ③amusing adj.逗人发笑的；有趣的 知识点9 up to 达到(某数量、程度等);直到；不多于；(体力或智力上)能胜任 （教材原句） Here you can walk under the Whale Shark Aquarium—the world's largest—and see up to 20,000 fish,in addition to a whale shark 68 metres in length. 在这里，你可以从世界上最大的鲸鲨水族馆下走过，除了能看到一条68米长的鲸鲨外，你还可以看到多达2万条鱼。 I don't feel up to such a long journey.我不能承受这样的长途旅行。 熟词生义由……决定；是……的责任 It's up to us to change things we don't like.是否改变那些我们不喜欢的事情取决于我们自己。 It's up to all of us to try to solve the problems in our neighbourhoods.我们大家都有责任去努力解决我们街区的问题。 【拓展】 含有up的其他常用短语 add up加起来break up(使)破裂；分解 call up打电话；使想起come up with想出 cut up切碎end up最终处于；到头来 give up放弃go up(价格、数量等)上涨 hold up延误；支撑 keep up持续；跟上look up查阅；向上看 make up编造；组成；化妆 eat up吃光use up用尽 put up举起；张贴；安排住宿 put up with忍受set up建立 take up占据(时间、空间);从事(职业)turn up调大(热度、音量等);重新出现 pick up拾起；偶然学会；(情况)好转；接载(某人);接收(信号) 知识点10 be available to do sth.　可用来做某事 be available for... 可用于……的；对……有效的；能参加……的 availability n. 可利用性；利用率 XB1U3词汇变形及短语 一、词汇变形 1. _______ n.视野;视力;想象→_______ adj.看得见的;可见的→__________adj.看不见的 2. _____ vt.祝福→________ n.幸事;准许→________ adj.受祝福的;幸运的(=________);幸福的 ____________被赋有…的;享有…的 _______________看似坏事的好事(塞翁失马焉知非福) _________ adj.聪明的;智能的的→__________n.智力;情报 人工智能:__________________ 3. ______(=_______=____) vt.(尤指以法令)禁止;阻止→_______(=________=____) n.禁止;阻止;禁令 ban-____-____ 双写__加___ _____ v.展览 4._________n.日报,杂志;日记→_________n.新闻记者;新闻工作者→_________ n.新闻业;新闻工作 _________ adj.可用的,可获得的;有空的;单身的 5._________ n.奖励;报酬v.奖赏;给…以报酬→_________ adj.有益的(=_________=_________);值得做的 6. _________ n.自行车;摩托车;循环vi.骑自行车→_________n.骑自行车的人 _________vt. 回收利用 7. _________vi.有吸引力;呼吁;上诉;打动n.吸引力;呼吁;上诉;请求→_________adj.有吸引力的(=_________=_________=_________=_________);有感染力的;恳求的,可怜的 呼吁某人做某事：______/________________ _________=_________ adj.巨大的 ______adj.巨大的,广阔的 8. _________vt.热爱;爱慕;喜爱→_________ adj.可爱的;讨人喜爱的→_________adv. _________ =_________ adj.壮丽的;极佳的;辉煌的 9. _____(=_______) vt.使快乐→________(=________) n.娱乐(活动);愉悦→_________(=_________)adj.好笑的,有乐趣的→________adj.逗乐的,觉得可笑的 10. _________ vt.＆vi.(使)摇摆;转向n.摇摆;秋千→_________（过去式）→_________（过去分词） 11. _________n.时尚;时兴;流行款式→_________ adj.流行的;时髦的 过时,不流行:_________ 12. _____ adj.稀少/珍贵的;(肉)半熟的→______ adv.罕有;很少;不常 ____裸露的;光秃秃的;空的(=_____);无装饰的→_____ adv.仅仅,勉强;几乎不 13. _________n.娱乐(=_________);招待;娱乐活动→_________ vt.款待;使快乐(=_________) ;娱乐→_________(=_________) adj.娱乐的,使人愉快的 14. _________ n.准确(性)→_________adj.精确的;准确的 类似变法:_________ n.隐私→_________adj.私人的;私密的 15. _________vt.收养(_________);采用(_________)→_________ n.采用;收养;接受→ _________adj.采用的;有收养关系的 养女:_____________ 16. _______ vt.改编;使适应;调整(=________)vi.适应→_________n.适应,改编本 适应做某事:____________________ 17._________ n.公司;陪伴→_________n.同伴;伴侣→_________vt.陪伴 _________adj.令人难以置信的→_________ adv.令人难以置信地;很,非常 18. _________ vt.劝说;说服→_________n.劝说,说服(力)→_________ adj.有说服力的；劝说的 19. _________ vt.使信服;说服→_________adj.确信的→________ adj.令人相信的 ________n.结构;建筑物vt.组织;安排;构造→________adj.adj.结构的 20._________ n.暴露;揭发;显示→_________ vt.使曝光;揭露 _________ v.揭示,透露;表明→_________adj.透露真情的;有启迪的;袒胸露肩的 21._________adj.有关的;有意义的→_________n.中肯;关联;相关性→_________ adj.无关的;无意义的 _________ adj.定期的;合格的n.正式队员;常客→_________ adj.不对称的,不规则的,不定期的 _______________常客 22. _________ n.(焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除→_________v.解除;减轻,缓和(不快或痛苦)→_________adj.放心的,松一口气的 23. _________n.满足;满意;欣慰→_________vt.使满意(=_________=________)→_________adj.令人满意的→_________adj.满意的 24. _________ v.说明,解释(=__________)→_________n.说明,解释 _________v.抱怨→_________n.抱怨 抱怨… _______________ 25. _________ n.(=_________)特征;特性adj.(=_________)特有的,典型的 _________n.文字;符号;角色;品质;特点 26. _________n.同等的人;相等物 adj.相同的→_________adv.相等地→_________n.平等→_________ n.不平等 27. _________(=_________) n.热情→_________(=_________) adj.热情的 对…充满热情__________________ 28. _________(=_________=_________=_________) vt.强调;加强语气;重读→_________ n.强调;加强语气;重读→复数形式:_________ n. [pl] 类似变法:_________vt.分析,分解,解释→_________n.分析→复数形式:_________n. [pl] _________n.基础(复数:_________) 29. _________n.日常工作;程序adj.惯例的 _________n.路线 _________ v/n..蒸,蒸汽adj.蒸汽的 _________n/v 流;(视频等)流播 二、词块翻译 1. __________________ 人与自然和谐相处 2. __________________ 敲打我帐篷的布 3. __________________ 山的边缘 4. __________________ 流经山谷 5. __________________ 广阔的冰层 6. __________________ 在这片土地上安家落户 7. __________________ 在边界内 8. __________________ 使...保持其自然状态 9. __________________ 以...为食 10. __________________ 陪伴某人 11. __________________ 养成了一些习惯 12. __________________ 引起某人的注意 13. __________________ 出发；启程；开始工作 14. __________________ 我感到如此幸福 15. __________________ 靠...生活，以吃...为生 16. __________________ 官方或法律禁止 17. __________________ 海洋的浩瀚和令人惊叹的美丽 18. __________________ 在行进中 19. __________________ 是...的家园 20. __________________ 奇妙的主题公园 21. __________________ 有吸引力 22. __________________ 当你漫步于这一梦幻的游乐园时 23. __________________ 想要的是好玩，而且不仅仅是好玩而已 24. __________________ 以古老的方式 25. __________________ 达到（某数量、程度等）；直到；不多于 26. __________________ 北极熊 27. __________________ 满足不同口味的美食 28. __________________ 蒸汽机 29. __________________ 颠倒 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第01讲 Unit1—3重点单词、短语、句型回顾和词汇拓展精讲精练(选择性必修一) 选修一Unit 1 People of Achievement 重点单词、短语、句型回顾 1. vital /ˈvaɪtl/ n. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 （教材原句）Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone. (P2) 青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分，据估计每年仅在非洲就挽救了10万人的性命。 【搭配】 be vital for/to=be of vital importance (to) 对……至关重要 It is vital that sb should do sth 某人做某事是十分重要的 【例句】 Vital to human life, art is used by nations across the world for various purposes. 艺术对人类生活至关重要，世界各地的国家都在为各种目的而使用艺术。 As far as I’m concerned, reading is of vital importance in language learning. 就我个人而言，阅读在语言学习中至关重要。 2. committed /kəˈmɪtɪd/ adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 （教材原句）Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. (P2) 屠呦呦，这位尽职尽责、锲而不舍的科学家1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学部（原北京医学院）。 【拓展】 be committed to (doing) sth 承诺，保证（做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等） commit v. 承诺；保证（某个人、机构等）；犯（罪或错误等） commitment n. 承诺；奉献 commit to (doing) sth/commit oneself to do 承诺；保证（做某事、遵守协议或安排等） 【例句】 The company is committed to being an equal opportunities employer. 这家公司承诺向所有雇员提供均等机会。 They must commit to spending time with their older neighbours. 他们必须承诺与年长的邻居共度时光。 We made a commitment to keep working together. 我们作了承诺要继续在一起工作。 3. evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ v. 评价；评估 （教材原句）Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties. (P2) 她的团队研读了2000多篇（个）中医药古籍（古方），评估了28万种植物的药学属性。 【拓展】 evaluation n. 估计，评价 make an evaluation of 对……进行评估 【例句】 The market situation is difficult to evaluate. 市场形势难以评估。 Three professors were asked to make an evaluation of the teaching plans designed by the new teachers. 三位教授被要求对新教师设计的教案进行评估。 4. distinct /dɪˈstɪŋkt/ adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的 （教材原句）From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. (P2) 通过研究，他们发现并测试了380种不同的有望战胜疟疾的古代中医疗法。 【拓展】 be distinct from (in) （在……方面）与……不同 distinctive adj. 与众不同的 distinction n. 差别；区分；优秀；特质 【例句】 Engineering and technology are disciplines distinct from one another and from science. 工程学和工艺学互不相同，也有别于自然学科。 5. acknowledge /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/ v. 承认（属实、权威等）；（公开）感谢 However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. (P2) 然而，屠呦呦并不认输。 【拓展】 acknowledge doing/having done 承认做了…… It is widely/generally acknowledged that ……是大家公认的 acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢 【例句】 The flowers were a small acknowledgement of your kindness. 这些花聊表谢意，感谢你的好心帮助。 6. defeat /dɪˈfi:t/ n. 失败；挫败 vt. 击败；战胜 （教材原句）However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. (P2) 然而，屠呦呦不认输。 【拓展】 suffer a defeat 遭遇失败 accept/acknowledge defeat 承认/接受失败 defeat an enemy 打败敌人 【例句】 We have prepared and will not suffer a thorough defeat. 我们有准备，决不会一败涂地。 You must learn to accept defeat with good grace. 你必须学会欣然接受失败。 Leaders are expected to have the will and ability to defeat an enemy. 人们期望领导者有战胜敌人的意志和能力。 7. apparently /əˈpærəntli/ adv. 显而易见；看来；显然 （教材原句）She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. (P2) 她得出结论，认为水煎青蒿显然破坏了它的药学属性。 【拓展】 apparent adj. 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的 It is apparent (to sb) that （对某人来说）……是显而易见的 【例句】 He paused, apparently lost in thought. 他停顿下来，显然陷入了沉思。 It is apparent that this movie has an artistic vision. 很明显，这部电影具有艺术性。 8. insist /ɪnˈsɪst/ v. 坚持；坚决要求 （教材原句）Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. (P3) 屠呦呦与团队成员甚至坚持以身试药，以确保药物的安全性。 【搭配】 insist on doing sth 坚持做某事 insist that 表示坚决要求或坚决主张，that后从句的动作尚未发生，则that从句必须使用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用(should) do；当表示坚决认为或坚持说，that后从句表示已发生的动作，则that从句为陈述语气，即从句该用什么时态就用什么时态，当然还要和主句时态保持呼应。 【例句】 I insist on paying for the damage. 我坚持要求赔偿损失。 He also insisted that they (should) leave enough space for children. 他还坚持要求给孩子们留出足够的空间。 My husband and I insisted that our children were old enough to make their beds. 我的丈夫和我坚持认为我们的孩子年龄已经大到可以自己铺床了。 9. conclusion /kənˈklu:ʒn/ n. 结论；推论 （教材原句）Did you come to any conclusions? (P4) 你得出什么结论了吗？ 【拓展】 arrive at/come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论 in conclusion 最后，总之 conclude vt. 断定；推断出；得出结论 conclude from ... 从……中得出结论 conclude (sth.) with 用……结束（某事） 【例句】 What do you conclude from that? 你从那件事中得到了什么结论？ I want to conclude with problems, which may sound kind of negative. 我想以问题来结束，这听起来有点否定意味。 10. circumstance /ˈsɜ:kəmstəns/ n. 条件；环境；状况 （教材原句）Her circumstances are beyond our control. (P5) 她的情况是我们无法控制的。 【拓展】 in/under ... circumstances 在……情况下 in/under no circumstances 决不；无论如何不（放在句首，部分倒装） 【例句】 The rules can only be waived in exceptional circumstances. 该规定仅在特殊条件下方可失效。 Prisoners can only leave their cells under certain circumstances. 在押犯只能在特定时间离开自己的牢房。 Under no circumstances should you lend Paul money. 什么情况下都不要把钱借给保罗。 11. novelist /ˈnɒvəlɪst/ n. 小说家 （教材原句）The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist, J.K. Rowling. It inspired us a lot. (P5)老师让我们听他最喜欢的小说家J.K.罗琳的演讲。它启发了我们很多。 【拓展】 novel n. （长篇）小说 【例句】 For a novelist, that’s quite an accomplishment. 对于一个小说家来说，那是一个了不起的成就。 Her latest novel is eagerly awaited. 人们热切期待她的最新小说。 12. flow /fləʊ/ n. 流；流动；流畅；供应 vi. 流；流动 （教材原句）I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart. (P5) 要求我借助流程图来解释这个项目。 【拓展】 cash flow 现金流量 flow chart 流程图 【例句】 We are keeping our head above water, but our cash flow position is not too good. 我们虽然还未陷入困境，但资金流转状况不太好。 This flow chart, shown below, summarizes the overall costing process. 如下所示，这张流程图概括了成本计算的全程。 This valve regulates the flow of water. 这个阀门调节水流。 13. found /faʊnd/ vt. 创建；建立；把……建立在 （教材原句）founded high-tech and futuristic companies (P6) 创建高科技未来派公司 【拓展】 founder n. 建立者；创立者 Their marriage was founded on love and mutual respect. 他们的婚姻建立在爱情和互相尊重的基础上。 He is the founder of International Sports Management Limited. 他是国际体育管理有限公司的创始人。 14. infer /ɪnˈfɜ:(r)/ vt. 推断；推定 （教材原句）At other times, the reason is given right after the opinion or decision, and the link can be inferred. (P6) 在其它时候，理由是在意见或决定之后给出的，并可以推断出联系。 【拓展】 infer ... from ... 从……中推断出…… 【例句】 What can we infer about the author from the text? 从文章中我们能推断出作者的什么信息？ The police inferred, though they didn’t exactly say it, that they found her behaviour rather suspicious. 虽未明说，警方却暗示他们发现她的行迹相当可疑。 15.theory /ˈθɪəri/ n. 理论；学说 （教材原句） He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2. (P8) 他为世界作出了无数的贡献，最为出名的当数广义相对论和著名的方程式E=mc2。 【拓展】 theorist n. 理论家 theoretical adj. 理论上的 theoretically adv. 理论上 The theory remains untested. 该理论仍未经过验证。 Theoretically, the price is supposed to be marked on the shelf. 从理论上说，价格是要标在货架上的。 16. passion /ˈpæʃ(ə)n/ n. 酷爱；激情 （教材原句）While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. (P8) 工作期间，出于强烈的求知欲，他仍继续学习，于1905年获得物理学博士学位。 【拓展】 full of passion 充满激情 have a passion for 对……有强烈的激情/爱好 【例句】 To work and live full of passion, everything will be so dynamic. 充满激情地工作和生活，一切都会如此充满活力。 The English have a passion for gardens. 英国人酷爱花园。 【拓展】 passionate adj. 狂热的 17. gradually /ˈɡrædʒuəli/ adv. 逐渐地，逐步地 （教材原句）Following this, he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Issac Newton. (p8) 此后，他渐渐闻名于世，被誉为第二个艾萨克·牛顿。 【例句】 The weather gradually improved. 天气逐渐好转。 18. come to power （开始）掌权；上台 （教材原句）Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany. (P8) 1933年，希特勒在德国上台，形势发生了变化。 【拓展】 be in power 执政，掌权 beyond/out of one’s power 力所不能及的 【例句】 But he has come to power in difficult circumstances. 但是他是在艰难的情况下上台的。 Clearly, you don’t want to make an enemy of someone who will be in power for a while. 显然，你不会想和一个暂时还在当权的人作对。 Finishing the task in just one day is out of my power. 仅在一天之内就完成这个任务是我力所不能及的。 19.consequence /ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/ n. 结果，后果 （教材原句） As a consequence, he had to flee Germany. (P8) 因此，他不得不逃离德国。 【拓展】 as a consequence = in consequence 结果，因此 take/suffer/face the consequences (of sth) 承担……的后果 consequent adj. 作为结果的，随之而来的 consequently adv. 结果，因此 【例句】 He suffered much in consequence. 结果他遭受了很大的损失。 He was prepared to face the consequences. 他准备承担后果。 They had children and were consequently tied to the school vacations. 他们有几个孩子，因此被学校假期束缚住了。 20. take up a position 担任；任职 （教材原句）After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. (P8) 在欧洲度过一段时间后，他终于在美国普林斯顿高等研究院谋得研究员一职。 【拓展】 take up 接受；开始从事；占据（时间或空间） 【例句】 I won’t take up any more of your time. 我不会再占用你的时间了。 He left a career in teaching to take up a position with the Arts Council. 他放弃了教学工作，到艺术委员会任职。 He left to take up a new position with another company. 他走了，在另一家公司谋得了一个新职位。 21. encounter /ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)/ vt. 偶然碰到；遇到 n. 邂逅；遭遇 （教材原句）In fact, Einstein often encountered people on the street who would stop him to help explain things. (p9) 事实上，爱因斯坦经常遇到有人当街拦住他，请他解释各种事物。 【例句】 She was the most remarkable woman he had ever encountered. 她是他所见到过的最出色的女性。 His first encounter with Wilson was back in 1989. 他第一次遇到威尔逊是早在 1989 年。 22.sum /sʌm/ vi. 总结；概括 n. 金额；款项；总数；总和 （教材原句）Use your notes to write your introduction and sum up how you feel about this person. (P9) 在你的笔记上写下你的介绍并总结你对这个人的感觉。 【拓展】 sum up 总结；概括 to sum up 概括地说 in sum 总之；总而言之 【例句】 The sum of all the angles of a triangle is 180 degrees. 一个三角形的所有角度之和是180度。 To sum up, there are three main ways of tackling the problem. 概括起来说，这一问题主要有三种解决办法。 In sum, talent is not so important as working hard in either study or daily work. 总之，无论是在学习中或是在日常工作中，天赋并不像努力工作那么重要。 23.（教材原句） Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. (P3) 随后，该药物试用于疟疾患者，其中大多数人康复了。 【名师点津】 本句是一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句。主句是the medicine was tested on malaria patients。第二个逗号后面是“不定代词+of+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。 【例句】 He planted two trees last year, both of which are growing well. 他去年种了两棵树，长得都很好。 He has three daughters, all of whom went abroad for further education. 他有三个女儿，她们都出国深造了。 24. （教材原句）Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine.” (P3) 获悉自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我。” 【名师点津】 在本句中，she said, ...是主句，that引导的句子作hearing的宾语。Upon hearing...是“upon+动词-ing形式”构成介词短语，在句中作时间状语。upon还可换为介词on，表示“一件事情紧接着另一件事情发生”。这种用法常见于正式文体中，根据语境可翻译为“当……时；一……就……”。 【拓展】 有时也可用“upon/on+名词”形式表达相同的意思。 【例句】 Upon hearing that he had won the lottery, the man laughed heartily. 当知道自己中彩票时，这个男人开怀大笑。 On his return from his vacation, he began writing his first novel. 他一休假回来，就开始写他的第一部小说。 25. 状语从句省略 （教材原句）While (she was) waiting at the bus stop, she met the famous professor. 在公交车站等车时，她遇到了那位著名的教授。 (1)状语从句省略的条件：状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或是代词it且状语从句谓语中含有be动词。 (2)if构成的其他固定省略形式： if any如果有的话 if necessary如果有必要的话 if so如果是这样的话 if ever如果曾经有的话 if not如果不这样的话 4.find＋宾语＋宾语补足语 （教材原句）Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him. 爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。 “find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构形式归纳： (1)find＋宾语＋ (2)find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do(it是形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语) Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost for words. 即使最好的作家有时候也会发现自己表达不出来。 XB1U1词性转换及短语精练 1、 高频词汇变形 1._______vt.承诺;保证vi.忠于;全心全意投入…→_________ adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的→__________ n.奉献;承诺,保证 __________________ 2. __________n．（艺术、文学、科学等的）研究院；学会；专科院校→__________adj.学业的；学术的 3. ____________ n.目标;目的adj.客观的→_____________adj.主观的 ______vt.推断→___________ n. (加ence,类似变法:refer______;prefer_______) 4. ___________(=________) vt．评价；评估→_____________(=________) n.评价；评估 注意区分: fly-________-________ flow-________-________ 5.____________adj．清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→_____________ n．区别，差别；特点，特性 blow-________-________ 6._________vi＆vt（使）沸腾;煮开;烧开n.沸腾;沸点→__________adj.沸腾的 _____n.土壤 ______n.油 ______ vi.变质vt.损坏;毁坏；溺爱,宠坏 7. ___________ n．液体 adj．液体的；液态的→__________n．固体 adj．牢固的；可靠的 8. _____________vt.承认(属实、权威等)(公开)感谢→_____________n.承认;鸣谢 ___________vt.辨别/认出,承认…有效(属实);认可→__________ n. 9. _____________ vt．分析→_____________ n．分析→________________n.［pl.］分析 basis n.基础(复数：___________) 10._____________ adj．显然的；表面上的=____________=_____________ →_____________ adv．显而易见；看来；显然 11.________ adj.科学(上)的;关于科学的→________ n．科学家→________ n.科学 _______(=________) n.热情→_________(=________) adj.热情的 12. _____________ n．结论；推论→____________vt.推断出,断定；终止,结束 _________________ 得出结论, 作出推论 draw-_____-_______ 13. __________ n.小说家→_________ n.（长篇）小说;adj._______ __________ vt.创新→__________ n.→____________adj.创新的,有创新精神的 14. ______vt.创建(=_______);把·····建立在→______ n.创立者→_________ n.创建(=___________);地基;基础;根据 ______ n.基金v.为…提供资金 found的过去式,过去分词：___________ __________v.找到→___________(过去式)→__________(过去分词) fund n._______v._____________ 15. _____________ n．从政者；政治家；政客→_____________ n．政治→___________ adj.政治的 16. ________ adj．温柔的；文静的→_______ adv．温柔地;文静地→_________ n. ________adj.简单的;单纯的→_________ adv.简单地;只;仅仅 17. _____________ adv．逐渐地；逐步地→____________ adj．逐渐的;逐步的 ____________adj. 个别的,单独的,个人的独特的 n.个人 18._____________ n．社会公共机构；制度；习俗→_____________ n.（教育、专业等）机构；机构建筑 19. _____________n.结果；后果→_____________ adj.作为结果的→_____________ adv.所以；因此=_____________=_____________ 20. _____________n．教授→_____________ n．职业→_________________ adj. 职业的, 专业的n.职业选手，专业人士 21. __________ adj.非凡的;显著的(____________)→_________ adv.显著地→_______ vt.评论 flee-______-_____vi. 逃走,逃掉 vt.逃离,逃避 22.___________n.成功→ __________adj.成功的;达到目的→___________ vi.成功 vt.& vi.继承,继任,vt.随…之后;继续 _____________ 成功做成某事 23.___________n.力量；体力→__________v.（使）变强；加强；增强→__________adj.强壮的；结实的；强大的→___________adv.强烈地；坚定地 _______ adj.长的vi.渴望;热望→___________n.长度→___________v.（使）变长 24. __________vi.信赖;依靠→__________adj. 可靠的,可信赖的 → __________ n. 依靠, 依赖 v.和n.都可和介词__________搭配 25. _____________vt．促进；提升；推销；晋级→_____________n．促进；提升→_____________adj.促销的,宣传的 26. _____________vt. & vi.提议;建议计划;求婚→_____________n. 提议,建议;求婚 向某人求婚_____________________ 27. ___n.应用程序;应用软件→________n.申请(表);用途;运用→_____ vt.涂;敷;应/运用vi.申请;使用→_________ n.申请人→_________n.器具 ①沉迷于做某事:_________________ ②向某人申请某事:_________________ ③适用于…:__________ ④apply A to B:____________;_____________ 28. __________adj.精确的, 准确的→__________ n.精确(性), 准确(性) 在某人帮助下___________________=_____________________ 29. ________n.指南;导游v.指导;指引;给某人领路→_________ n. 指导,引导;领导 在某人指导下____________________=_____________________ 30.____________ vi．消失；灭绝；消亡→___________ n．消失灭绝→___________ vi.出现；显得；似乎→_____________ n. 出现,露面;______ 2、 词块翻译 1. _____________________ 做出发现 2. _____________________ 形成更好的印象 3. _____________________ 被授予给… 4. _____________________导致；通向 5. _____________________是...的一种重要的新疗法 6. _____________________ 几十万；无数 7. _____________________ 成千上万的...；无数的... 8. _____________________ 死于(外因)；因…而死 9. _____________________ 成为…的重要组成部分 10. _____________________ 从…毕业 11. _____________________ 组成…的团队 12. _____________________ 以(做)…为目的 13. _____________________ 开始，开端；起初 14. _____________________ 成为…的首领/负责人 15. _____________________ 在与…对抗/斗争中 16. _____________________ 建议做某事 17. _____________________ 从…提取/摘录 18. _____________________ 一批，一些 19. __________________________________________ 尝试做某事 20. _____________________ 进入僵局,被卡住 21. _____________________ 承认失败，服输 22. _____________________ 偶然；意外地 23. _____________________ 抽出，提取 24. _____________________ 坚持做某事 25. _____________________ 在某人身上试验这种药 26. _____________________ 确信；证实 27. _____________________ 根据，按照；取决于；据…所说 28. _____________________ 团队合作，团队努力的结果 29. _____________________ 除了；不同于 30. _____________________ 涉及，有关 31. _____________________ 与…不同 32. _____________________ 区别, 分辨 33. _____________________ 经得起；抵抗；勇敢地面对 34. _____________________ 磨损,消耗 35. _____________________ 得出结论 36. _____________________ 在低温下 37. _____________________ 被承认是, 被公认为 38. _____________________ 改变主意/想法 39. _____________________ 即将/刚要做某事 40. _____________________某人突然想到 41. _____________________ 担心，关心 42. _____________________ 休学，退学 43. _____________________ 被出版 44. _____________________ 乐意/愿意做某事 45. _____________________当权，掌权，当政 46. _____________________ 无法控制 47. _____________________ 在建造中；正在施工之中 48. _____________________ 由……设计 49. _____________________ 在…的帮助下, 借助于 50. _____________________ 流程图 51. _____________________ 对某人来说是个很大的挑战 52. _____________________ 在…方面取得很大进步/展 53. _____________________ 网上购物,网购 54. _____________________ 为…做出巨大贡献 55. _____________________ 广义相对论 56. _____________________ 由于；应归于 57. _____________________ 设法做某事 58. _____________________ 找一份…工作 59. _____________________ 接受做…的工作 60. _____________________ 出于对…强烈激情/爱好 61. _____________________获得物理学博士学位 62. _____________________ 被记录为 63. _____________________ 辞去在专利局的工作 64. _____________________ 当权；执政 65. _____________________ 因此，结果 66. _____________________ 担任…的职位 67. _____________________ 在…方面取得巨大成就 68. _____________________ 竖着 69. _____________________ 好像；仿佛 70. _____________________ 电击 71. _____________________ 敲击（门、窗） 72. _____________________ 被误认为…; 被误解为 73. _____________________ 据报道 74. _____________________ 去世；停止 75. _____________________ 总结；概述；计算…的总数 76. _____________________ 让人惊讶的是 77. _____________________ 通过努力工作获得名誉和财富 78. _____________________ 许多;大量 79. _____________________ 决不，无论如何都不 80. _____________________ 被广泛认为是 81. _____________________ 对某人来说似乎很奇怪 82. _____________________ 根据;以…为基础 83. _____________________ 提出了许多先进的思想 84. _____________________ 把…团结起来 85. _____________________ 尤其; 特别 86. _____________________ 为…寻找支持 87. _____________________ 为…创造机会 88. _____________________ 过上好生活 89. _____________________ 使某人做某事 90. _____________________如果是这样的话; 要是这样 91. _____________________ 激励某人做某事 92. _____________________ 出生在…家庭 93. _____________________ 起关键/重要作用 94. _____________________ 成功地做成某事 95_____________________ 死于心脏病 XB1U1词汇变形及短语 一 高频词汇变形 1.commit vt.承诺;保证vi.忠于;全心全意投入…→committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的→commitment n.奉献;承诺，保证 be committed to doing 2. academy n．（艺术、文学、科学等的）研究院；学会；专科院校→academic adj.学业的；学术的 3. objective n.目标;目的adj.客观的→subjective adj.主观的 infer vt.推断→inference n. 加ence,类似变法: refer___________; prefer__________ 4. evaluate(=assess) vt．评价；评估→evaluation (=assessment)n.评价；评估 注意区分: fly-flew-flown flow-flowed-flowed 5. distinct adj．清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→distinction n．区别，差别；特点，特性 blow-blew-blown 6. boil vi＆vt（使）沸腾;煮开;烧开n.沸腾;沸点→boiling adj.沸腾的 soil n.土壤 oil n.油 spoil vi.变质vt.损坏;毁坏;溺爱,宠坏 7. liquid n．液体 adj．液体的；液态的→solid n．固体 adj．牢固的；可靠的 8. acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)(公开)感谢→acknowledgement n.承认;鸣谢 recognize vt.辨别/认出,承认…有效(属实);认可→recognition n. 9. analyse vt．分析→analysis n．分析→analyses n.［pl.］分析 basis n.基础(复数：bases) 10. apparent adj.显然的;表面上的=obvious=evident →apparently adv．显而易见；看来；显然 11. scientific adj.科学(上)的;关于科学的→scientist n.科学家→science n.科学 passion(=enthusiasm) n.热情→passionate(=enthusiastic) adj.热情的 12. conclusion n.结论;推论→conclude vt.推断出,断定;终止,结束 draw a conclusion 得出结论,作出推论 draw-drew-drawn 13. novelist n.小说家→novel n.(长篇)小说;adj. 新奇的 innovate vt.创新→innovation n.→innovative adj.创新的，有创新精神的 14. found vt.创建(=establish);把·····建立在→founder n.创立者→foundation n.创建(=establishment);地基;基础;根据 fund n.基金v.为…提供资金 found的过去式，过去分词：founded find v.找到→found(过去式)→found(过去分词) 15. politician n．从政者；政治家；政客→politics n．政治→political adj.政治的 16. gentle adj．温柔的；文静的→gently adv．温柔地;文静地→gentleness n. simple adj.简单的;单纯的;天真的→simply adv.简单地;只;仅仅 17. gradually adv.逐渐地;逐步地→ gradual adj．逐渐的;逐步的 individual adj. 个别的,单独的,个人的独特的 n.个人 18. institution n．社会公共机构；制度；习俗→institute n.(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑 19. consequence n．结果；后果→consequent adj.作为结果的→consequently adv.所以；因此=as a result=therefore 20. professor n．教授→profession n．职业→professional adj. 职业的, 专业的n.职业选手，专业人士 21. remarkable(=extraordinary) adj.非凡的;显著的→remarkably adv.显著地→remark vt.评论 flee-fled-fled vi. 逃走,逃掉 vt.逃离,逃避 22. success n.成功;成就→ successful adj.成功的;达到目的→succeed vi.成功 vt.& vi.继承,继任,vt.随…之后;继续 succeed in doing sth. 成功做成某事 23. strength n.力量；体力→strengthen v.（使）变强；加强；增强→strong adj.强壮的；结实的；强大的→strongly adv.强烈地；坚定地 long adj.长的vi.渴望;热望→length n.长度→lengthen v.（使）变长 24. rely vi.信赖;依靠→ reliable adj. 可靠的,可信赖的 → reliance n. 依靠, 依赖 v.和n.都可和介词on/upon搭配 25. promote vt．促进；提升；推销；晋级→promotion n．促进；提升→promotional adj.促销的,宣传的 26. propose vt. & vi.提议;建议计划;求婚→proposal n. 提议,建议;求婚 向某人求婚 propose to sb. 27. app n.应用程序;应用软件→application n.申请(表);用途;运用→apply vt.涂;敷;应/运用vi.申请;使用→applicant n.申请人→appliance n.器具 ①沉迷于做某事:apply oneself to doing sth. ②向某人申请某事:apply to sb. for sth.③适用于…:apply to…④apply A to B 把A运用到B中;把A涂到B上 28. accurate adj.精确的, 准确的→accuracy n.精确(性), 准确(性) 在某人帮助下with the help/assistance of ab=with one’s help/assistance 29. guide n.指南;导游v.指导;指引;给某人领路→guidance n. 指导,引导;领导 在某人指导下under the guidance of sb.=under one’s guidance 30.disappear vi．消失；灭绝；消亡→disappearance n．消失灭绝→appear vi.出现(=turn/show up);显得;似乎→appearance n. 出现,露面;外表 二．词块翻译 1. make a discovery 做出发现 2. form a better impression of 形成更好的印象 3. sth be awarded to sb. 被授予给… 4. lead to 导致；通向 5. a crucial new treatment for...是...的一种重要的新疗法 6. hundreds of thousands of 几十万；无数 7. millions of 成千上万的...；无数的... 8. die from 死于(外因)；因…而死 9. become a vital part of 成为…的重要组成部分 10. graduate from 从…毕业 11. form a team of 组成…的团队 12. with the objective of (doing) 以(做)…为目的 13. in the beginning 开始，开端；起初 14. become the head of 成为…的首领/负责人 15. in the fight against 在与…对抗/斗争中 16. suggest doing sth 建议做某事 17. extract from 从…提取/摘录 18. a collection of 一批，一些 19. try doing sth 尝试做某事 20. get stuck 进入僵局,被卡住 21. acknowledge defeat 承认失败，服输 22. by chance 偶然；意外地 23. draw out 抽出，提取 24. insisted on doing sth 坚持做某事 25. test the medicine on sb 在某人身上试验这种药 26. make sure 确信；证实 27. according to 根据，按照；取决于；据…所说 28. team effort 团队合作，团队努力的结果 29. other than 除了；不同于 30. relate to 涉及，有关 31. be distinct from 与…不同 32. make a distinction between.. 区别, 分辨 33. stand up to 经得起；抵抗；勇敢地面对 34. wear and tear 磨损,消耗 35. draw/come to a conclusion 得出结论 36. at a low temperature 在低温下 37. be acknowledged as 被承认是, 被公认为 38. change one’s mind 改变主意/想法 39. be about to do sth. 即将/刚要做某事 40. It strikes/hits/occurs to sb. that... 某人突然想到 41. care about 担心，关心 42. quit school 休学，退学 43. get published 被出版 44. be willing to do sth. 乐意/愿意做某事 45. be in power 当权，掌权，当政 46. beyond control 无法控制 47. under construction 在建造中；正在施工之中 48. be designed by 由……设计 49. with the help of 在…的帮助下, 借助于 50. flow chart 流程图 51. a big challenge for sb. 对某人来说是个很大的挑战 52. make great advancement in 在…方面取得很大进步/展 53. online shopping 网上购物,网购 54. make great contributions to 为…做出巨大贡献 55. the general theory of relativity 广义相对论 56. due to 由于；应归于 57. manage to do sth 设法做某事 58. look for work as 找一份…工作 59. take a job as 接受做…的工作 60. out of a strong passion for 出于对…强烈激情/爱好 61. earn a doctorate in physics 获得物理学博士学位 62. be recorded as 被记录为 63. quit one's job at the patent office 辞去在专利局的工作 64. come to power 当权；执政 65. as a consequence 因此，结果 66. take up a position as 担任…的职位 67. make great achievements in 在…方面取得巨大成就 68. stand on end 竖着 69. as though 好像；仿佛 70. electric shock 电击 71. knock on 敲击（门、窗） 72. be mistaken for 被误认为…; 被误解为 73. It is/was reported that... 据报道 74. pass away 去世；停止 75. sum up 总结；概述；计算…的总数 76. to one’s surprise 让人惊讶的是 77. gain fame and wealth through hard work 通过努力工作获得名誉和财富 78. scores of 许多;大量 79. under no circumstances 决不，无论如何都不 80. be widely considered to be/as 被广泛认为是 81. It seems odd to sb. that 对某人来说似乎很奇怪 82. be based on 根据;以…为基础 83. put forward many advanced ideas 提出了许多先进的思想 84. bring …together 把…团结起来 85. in particular 尤其; 特别 86. find support for 为…寻找支持 87. create opportunities for 为…创造机会 88. make a good living 过上好生活 89. cause sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事 90. if so 如果是这样的话; 要是这样 91. inspire sb. to do sth 激励某人做某事 92. be born to a …family 出生在…家庭 93. play a key role in 起关键/重要作用 94. succeed in doing sth. 成功地做成某事 95. die of heart disease 死于心脏病 选修一Unit 2 Looking into the Future 单词回顾和词汇拓展： 1.persuade vt.说服；劝说 [教材原文] For example, the phrase in my opinion tells us that the passage is likely meant to persuade.例如，“in my opinion”这个短语告诉我们，这篇文章可能是为了说服。 (1)I have persuaded all the students to organize the English speech activity well. (2)我试图说服学生会主席创建一个英语俱乐部以提高学生对英语的兴趣，但是白费力气。 I advised/tried to persuade the chairman of the Students' Union to found an English club to strengthen students' interest in English，but in vain. (3)(2022·浙江卷1月，读后续写)我认为说服他接受我的观点是不可能的，所以我不想浪费我们的时间来讨论。(persuade...into...) I thought it was impossible to persuade him into accepting my views, so I didn't want to waste our time having a discussion. 注意：persuade表示“说服”，强调说服的结果；advise表示“劝说，建议”，对方不一定接受，强调动作。“劝说但不一定有效果”应表述为：advise sb. to do sth.或try to persuade sb. to do sth. 2.switch vt.转换；交换 vi.& vt.(使)改变，转变 n．开关；转换器；改变 [教材原文] Or，have you ever forgotten to switch off the TV or computer？或者，你忘记过关闭电视或电脑吗？ (1)露西早早地下班回到家，换完衣服后，她关灯来到客厅。然后她打开电视，转到第10频道。 Lucy got home from work early.After changing clothes，she switched off the light and came to the living room.Then she switched on the TV and switched it over to Channel 10. (2)(应用文之口头通知)请注意！务必确保演出时所有手机关机。 Attention，please! Do make sure all mobile phones are switched off during the performance. (1)switch on打开；接通 switch off关闭；切断 switch over改变；转换(电视频道或电台) switch (from...) to...(从……)转变为…… switch sth. with sb.和某人交换某物 (2)make a switch做出改变 3.distant adj.遥远的；冷淡的；心不在焉的；远处的；疏远的 [教材原文] However, in the not-too-distant future, we will be living in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget.然而，在不久的将来，我们将生活在智能家居中：当我们不在(家)时，智能家居会为我们锁上门；当我们忘记关掉电视时，智能家居会记得关掉它。 (1)远处的那条瀑布可以看得很清楚，它离这里正好500米远。从3千米外就能听到它的声音。从远处看它更美。 The waterfall in the distance，which is exactly 500 meters distant from here，can be seen clearly.Its sound can be heard at a distance of three kilometers.It looks even more beautiful at/from a distance． (2)(应用文之慰问信)得知你的新同学对你冷淡，我非常担心你。 Learning that your new classmates keep you at a distance/keep their distance from you，I am quite worried about you. distance n．距离；远处；疏远 in the distance在远处 at/from a distance隔一段距离；从远处 at a distance of在……的距离 keep sb. at a distance对某人冷淡；与某人疏远 keep one's distance from...与……保持距离；疏远…… 4.preference n．偏爱；爱好 [教材原文] Your home will also learn your daily routine and preferences, so everything will be ready for you when you get home each evening.你的(智能)房屋也会了解你的日常生活习惯和喜好，所以当你每天晚上到家时，一切都会为你准备好。 (1)The manager has decided to give preference (prefer) to those who have worked here for many years. (2)(应用文之推荐信)得知你偏爱英国文学，我写信向你推荐一些经典作品。 Learning that you prefer/have a preference for English literature，I am writing to recommend some classics to you. (3)孩子们宁愿骑自行车到乡下去，也不愿整天待在家里。 →The children preferred cycling to the countryside to staying at home all day long.(prefer doing...to doing...) →The children preferred to cycle to the countryside rather than stay at home all day long.(prefer to do...rather than do...) →The children would rather cycle to the countryside than stay at home all day long.(would rather do...than do...) →The children would cycle to the countryside rather than stay at home all day long.(would do...rather than do...) (1)have a preference for...偏爱……,in preference to...优先于……,show/give preference to...优先考虑…… (2)prefer vt.更喜欢；宁愿 prefer sth./doing...to sth./doing...与……相比，更喜欢……；宁愿（做）……，而不愿（做）…… 5.instant n．瞬间；片刻 adj.立即的；速食的；速溶的 [教材原文] Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes，and you will find your dinner already prepared for you.你一进家门，灯就会亮起，还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目(会自动播放)，而且你会发现晚餐已为你准备好了。 (1)(2023·浙江卷1月，读后续写)She ceased her struggle the instant I picked her up. (2)(读后续写之动作描写)They had no sooner seen the oak tree full of yellow handkerchiefs than they jumped up and shouted with joy. →No sooner had they seen the oak tree full of yellow handkerchiefs than they jumped up and shouted with joy. (倒装句) (3)(应用文之邀请信)我一得知将有英语诗歌朗诵比赛，我就写信邀请你参加。 →The instant I learn that there will be an English Poetry Recitation Competition，I am writing to invite you to take part in it.(the instant) →On/Upon learning that there will be an English Poetry Recitation Competition，I am writing to invite you to take part in it.(on/upon doing) (1)句中的the instant “一……就……”，引导时间状语从句。 (2)“一……就……”的其他表达方式： on/upon (doing) sth. as soon as＋从句 the moment/minute＋从句 immediately/instantly/directly＋从句 no sooner...than... hardly/scarcely...when... 注意：no sooner，hardly，scarcely位于句首时，句子要用倒装结构。 6.command n．命令；控制；指令 vt.命令；控制 [教材原文] All controls will respond to voice commands, so if you want to change your routine, you just say aloud what you want and the home system will obey.所有的控制都会响应语音命令，所以如果你想改变你的日常生活习惯，你只需大声说出你想要的，房屋系统就会遵照执行。 (1)Time was limited.The boss commanded us to finish(finish) the work as scheduled. ＝Time was limited.The boss commanded that we (should) finish (finish) the work as scheduled. (2)(应用文之申请信)因为我精通英语，我深信我可以担任您的导游。 Having (a) good command of English，I hold a strong belief that I can take up a position as your guide. (3)据说，这支军队由这位杰出的将军指挥。 It is said that this army is under the extraordinary general's command/under the command of the extraordinary general． (1)have (a) good command of精通(语言等)；掌握 be in command of控制…… under the command of sb.＝under one's command由某人指挥；由某人控制 (2)command sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事 注意：command后跟同位语从句、表语从句或宾语从句时，从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋) do”。 7.catch fire着火(表示动作，不与时间段连用) [教材原文] This way, you will be able to fix the problem before your home becomes flooded or catches fire.这样，你就能在你家被水淹没或着火之前解决问题。 (1)“Tom，run! Be quick! The house is on fire！” the mother screamed，with panic in her voice. (2)房子昨晚着火了，消防员灭火前房子着了两个小时的火。 The house caught fire last night and it had been on fire for two hours before the firefighters put out the fire． (3)(读后续写之动作链描写)简站起来，拣了一些树枝，设法生火以吓跑野生动物。 Jane rose to her feet，picked some branches and made a fire with the objective of frightening away wild animals. be on fire着火(表示状态，与时间段连用) set fire to...＝set...on fire使……着火；放火烧…… put out a fire灭火 make a fire生火 play with fire玩火；做危险的事；自找危险 8.in this sense (in...sense)从这种(某种)意义上来讲 [教材原文] In this sense, the home of tomorrow is already the home of today.从这种意义上说，明天的家已经是今天的家了。 (1)In this sense, your suggestion is of great use to us. (2)There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly understand them at all. →There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly make sense of them at all. (3)(应用文之建议信)听说你很难理解物理老师上课讲的内容，我感到非常难过。我强调的是抱怨是没有意义的。与此同时，你绝不能放弃，你现在必须做的是向你的同学和老师寻求帮助。在某种意义上，只有你坚持学习物理，你才能在不太遥远的未来取得显著进步。 I am terribly sorry to hear that you have difficulty making sense of what your physics teacher says in class.What I put emphasis on is that there is no/little sense in complaining.Meanwhile，in no sense should you give up.What you must do now is turn to your classmates and teachers for assistance.In a sense，only if you insist on studying physics can you make remarkable progress in the not-too-distant future. make sense讲得通；有意义 make sense of懂得；了解……的意义 make no sense讲不通；没有意义 in a sense在某种意义上；在某种程度上 in no sense决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装) There's no/little sense in doing sth.做某事没有意义。 ９.occupation n．职业；占领 (1)You will be asked to fill in a form with details of your birth and occupation (occupy). (2)(2024·1月九省联考，读后续写)作为训练员，我欠你一个道歉，我整天忙着训练海豚，忽略了其他的一些细节。 As a trainer, I owe you an apology.I was occupied (with/in) training dolphins, overlooking some other details. (3)(应用文之道歉信)As I am occupied in preparing for the College Entrance Examination，I am terribly sorry not to reply to your last letter in an instant. →Occupied (in/with) preparing for the College Entrance Examination，I am terribly sorry not to reply to your last letter in an instant.(形容词短语作状语) →Occupying myself (in) preparing for the College Entrance Examination，I am terribly sorry not to reply to your last letter in an instant.(现在分词短语作状语) １０.oppose vt.反对；抵制；阻挠；与……竞争 [教材原文] In the article, various people said that the public should oppose the idea of developing driverless cars.在这篇报道中，很多人说公众应该反对研制无人驾驶汽车的想法。 (1)She was strongly opposed (oppose) to the idea of going abroad. (2)Those students who are opposed to the proposal can present their reasons. →Those students opposed to/opposing the proposal can present their reasons.(非谓语动词作定语) (3)(应用文之求助信)我父母反对我加入舞蹈社，这使我情绪低落，因此，你可以给我一些建议吗？ My parents oppose me/my joining the dance club，which makes me in low spirits and hence，could you be kind enough to offer me some tips? (1)oppose (sb./sth.) doing sth.反对(某人/物)做某事 (2)opposed adj.反对的；对立的 be opposed to (doing) sth.反对(做)某事 (3)opposite adj.相反的；对面的 n．对立的人；对立面 prep.与……相对 １１.absence n．缺乏；不存在；缺席；不在 [教材原文] On the one hand, there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily in the absence of new technology.一方面，世界上有许多不同的群体，他们在没有新科技的情况下幸福地生活着。 (1)When I spoke to him, he looked at me in an absent (absence) way and didn't answer. (2)很长时间没有上学后，我的老师和同学们都帮助我补习功课。 →My teachers and classmates helped me with the lessons after my long absence from school．(absence n．) →My teachers and classmates helped me with the lessons after I had been absent from school for a long time．(absent adj.) (1)during/in one's absence＝in the absence of sb.当某人不在的时候 absence of mind 心不在焉 (2)absent adj.缺席的，不在的；心不在焉的 be absent from 缺席，不在 １２.advocate vt.提倡；支持；拥护 n．提倡者；支持者；拥护者 [教材原文] They advocate a simple life with an emphasis on hard work, family, and community.他们提倡简单的生活，重视努力工作、家庭和团体。 (1)The remarkable professor was an advocate for/of the activity. (2)(话题写作之环保)随着世界环境日的临近，我倡议做好分内事来保护环境。 →With World Environment Day approaching，I advocate doing our part to protect the environment.(advocate doing sth.) →With World Environment Day approaching，I advocate that we (should) do our part to protect the environment.(advocate that...) (1)advocate (doing) sth.提倡/主张(做)某事 advocate that...(should) do...主张/提倡…… (2)an advocate for/of...……的支持者/拥护者 １３.resist vi.& vt.抵制；反抗；抵挡 [教材原文] Nevertheless, I will always look on the positive side of change and accept it rather than resist it.尽管如此，我总会看到变化的积极的一面，并且接受它而不是抵制它。 (1)We should take exercise to build up resistance (resist) to diseases. (2)(读后续写之情感描写)他发现很难不买这些书。 He found it hard to resist buying these books. (3)(读后续写之情感描写)我忍不住把那个秘密告诉了他。 I couldn't resist telling him the secret. (1)resist (doing) sth.反对(做)某事 can't resist doing sth.禁不住做某事 (2)resistant adj.对……有抵抗力的，抵制的，反抗的 be resistant to...对……有抵抗力；抵制…… (3)resistance n．抵制；反对；抗拒 resistance to...对……的抵制/抵抗力 １４.keep/stay in touch (with...)(与……)保持联系；了解(某课题或领域的情况) [教材原文] Moreover, the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world.此外，即使身处世界的两端，互联网使(我们同)朋友和家人能很容易地保持联系。 (1)我们十年前彼此失去了联系，也就是说，我们已经失去联系十年了。 We lost touch with each other ten years ago.That is to say，we have been out of touch for ten years. (2)To my regret, I lost touch with my close friend (与我的好朋友失去了联系). (3)(读后续写之动作描写)和他的发小联系上之后，汤姆冲上前，紧紧地抱住了他，激动的泪水顺着脸颊流淌。 After getting in touch with his childhood friend，Tom rushed forward and hugged him tightly，tears of excitement trickling down his cheeks. be in touch with...与……有联系(状态) be out of touch with...与……失去联系(状态) get in touch with...与……取得联系(动作) lose touch with...与……失去联系(动作) 1５.with复合结构 [教材原文] They advocate a simple life with an emphasis on hard work，family，and community.他们提倡简单的生活，重视努力工作、家庭和团体。 (1)With an important examination to take (take)，I feel like sitting on pins and needles.Could you offer me some suggestions on how to relieve my pressure? (2)(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，应用文写作)I suggest that you put three or four students together，with one as the group leader(一个作组长；with复合结构)，in which case we can communicate with each other at a great depth. (3)(2021·浙江1月卷，读后续写)我的头卡在大南瓜里，我的心狂跳不止，我感到要窒息了。最终，在父亲的帮助下，我成功地把头从南瓜里拔了出来。 With my head stuck in the huge pumpkin，my heart beat wildly and I felt nearly suffocated.Finally，with my father helping me，I managed to pull my head out of the pumpkin. (1)句中的with an emphasis on hard work，family，and community 是with复合结构。 (2)常见的with复合结构的构成有： with＋宾语＋ １６.make it＋adj./n.＋(for sb.) to do sth. [教材原文] Moreover，the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world.此外，即使身处世界的两端，互联网使(我们同)朋友和家人能很容易地保持联系。 (1)I made it clear that I was opposed to the plan. (2)I find that it is difficult to adapt myself to the life in the distant country. →I find it difficult to adapt myself to the life in the distant country.(it作形式宾语) (3)(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷，应用文写作)我认为每天读英文报Youth半小时对我们学生来说非常有用。因此，我养成了每天读英文报的习惯。 I think/consider it quite useful for us students to read the English newspaper Youth for half an hour on a daily basis.As a consequence，I make it a rule to read it every day. (1)此句中，it是形式宾语，不定式短语作真正的宾语，it后的形容词或名词作宾语补足语，for用于引出不定式的逻辑主语； (2)用于该句型的动词还有：think，consider，find，feel等。 １７．It will take＋一段时间＋before从句 [教材原文] Nevertheless，it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.然而，大多数新家庭还需要几年才能开始使用这项新技术。 (1)If you miss this chance, it may be years before you get another one. (2)我完全解决这个关键问题还要花两个小时的时间。 It will take two hours before I completely solve this critical problem. (3)(读后续写之紧张情绪描写)没过多久简就意识到她在陌生的森林里迷路了，这使她如坐针毡。但是她不断地安慰自己：“用不了多久我的丈夫就会找到我。” It wasn't long before Jane sensed that she got lost in the unfamiliar forest，which made her feel like sitting on pins and needles.But she constantly comforted herself，“It won't be long before my husband finds me．” It will take/be＋一段时间＋before从句(一般现在时)在……之前要花一段时间 It wasn't long＋before从句(一般过去时)没过多久就…… It won't be long＋before从句(一般现在时)过不了多久就会…… XB1U2词汇变形及短语 一、词汇变形 1．__________vt．劝说；说服→__________adj．有说服力的→__________n.说服；劝说 2．__________adj．遥远的；远处的；疏远的；心不在焉的→__________n.距离 3．__________adj．安全的；安心的；可靠的；牢固的 vt．获得；拴牢；保护 →__________n.安全工作；保护措施 4.__________adj..自动的→__________adv.自动地 5.__________adj..效率高的；有功效的→__________adv 有效地→__________n.效率；效能 6．__________n．爱好；偏爱→__________vt．更喜欢；宁愿 7.__________vi. &vt.服从；遵守→__________vi.8evt..不服从；违反 8．__________n．警告；警示；先兆→__________vt.警告 9.__________adj..不正常的；反常的→__________adj正常的 10．__________adj．严重的；关键的；批判性的→__________n．评论家 →__________vt.批评；评论→__________adv.批判性地 11．__________adj．可能的；潜在的n．潜力；可能性→__________adv.潜在地；可能地 12．__________vt．发现；查明→__________n．侦探 13．__________adj．有关的；有意义的→__________adj．不相关的→__________adv.相关地 14．__________n．幻想；想象→__________adj．极好的 15．__________n．犯罪活动；不法行为→__________n．罪犯；犯人 adj.刑事的；犯罪的 16．__________vt．＆ vi．（使）结合；混合→__________n．结合；联合 17．__________vt．预测；预言；预料→__________n．预测；预言 18．__________n．职业；占领→__________vt．占据；占用；使忙于（做某事） →__________adj.被占领的；使用中；忙于 19． __________vt．反对；抵制；阻挠→__________adj．反对的 →__________adj.对面的；相反的→__________n.反对 20．__________n．不存在；缺乏；缺席__________adj.缺席的；不在的；缺乏的 21．__________n．强调；重视；重要性→__________vt.强调 22．__________n．奢华→__________adj．奢侈的 23．__________vi．＆vt．抵制；反抗；抵挡→__________n．抵制；反对；抗拒 →__________adj.反抗的；抵制的 24．__________adj．精确的；准确的→__________adv.精确地；准确地→__________n.精确性 25．__________n．图书管理员；图书馆馆长→__________n．图书馆 二、词块翻译 1.______________________________（与……）保持联系 2.______________________________着火 3.______________________________从这种（某种）意义上来讲 4. ______________________________... 和……有关 5.______________________________把……与……结合起来 6. ______________________________ 缺席；不在 7. ______________________________为……准备好 8. ______________________________ 对……做出反应 9. ______________________________ 此外 10. ______________________________了解……的动态 11. ______________________________防止 12. ______________________________ 实现 13.______________________________受益于 14. ______________________________ 忍不住做某事 15. ______________________________发出（信号、声音、光、热等） 16. ______________________________ 出发 17. ______________________________ 闲逛 18. ______________________________观光 19. ______________________________ 全球变暖 20. ______________________________ 人工智能 21. ______________________________ 尤其 22. ______________________________ 而不是 XB1U2词汇变形及短语 一 词汇变形 1．persuade vt．劝说；说服→persuasive adj．有说服力的→persuasion n.说服；劝说 2．distant adj．遥远的；远处的；疏远的；心不在焉的→distance n.距离 3．secure adj．安全的；安心的；可靠的；牢固的 vt．获得；拴牢；保护→security n.安全工作；保护措施 4.automatic adj..自动的j→automatically adv.自动地 5.efficient adj..效率高的；有功效的→efficiently adv 有效地→efficiency n.效率；效能 6．preference n．爱好；偏爱→prefer vt．更喜欢；宁愿 7.obey vi. &vt.服从；遵守→disobey vi.8evt..不服从；违反 8．warning n．警告；警示；先兆→warn vt.警告 9.abnormal adj..不正常的；反常的→normal adj正常的 10．critical adj．严重的；关键的；批判性的→critic n．评论家→criticize vt.批评；评论→critically adv.批判性地 11．potential adj．可能的；潜在的n．潜力；可能性→potentially adv.潜在地；可能地 12．detect vt．发现；查明→detective n．侦探 13．relevant adj．有关的；有意义的→irrelevant adj．不相关的→relevantly adv.相关地 14．fantasy n．幻想；想象→fantastic adj．极好的 15．crime n．犯罪活动；不法行为→criminal n．罪犯；犯人 adj.刑事的；犯罪的 16．combine vt．＆ vi．（使）结合；混合→combination n．结合；联合 17．predict vt．预测；预言；预料→prediction n．预测；预言 18．occupation n．职业；占领→occupy vt．占据；占用；使忙于（做某事）→occupied adj.被占领的；使用中；忙于 19．oppose vt．反对；抵制；阻挠→opposed adj．反对的→opposite adj.对面的；相反的→opposition n.反对 20．absence n．不存在；缺乏；缺席absent adj.缺席的；不在的；缺乏的 21．emphasis n．强调；重视；重要性→emphasize vt.强调 22．luxury n．奢华→luxurious adj．奢侈的 23．resist vi．＆vt．抵制；反抗；抵挡→resistance n．抵制；反对；抗拒→resistant adj.反抗的；抵制的 24．accurate adj．精确的；准确的→accurately adv.精确地；准确地→accuracy n.精确性 25．librarian n．图书管理员；图书馆馆长→library n．图书馆 二 词块翻译 1．switch off／on 关／开（电灯、机器等） 2．early on 在初期；早先 3．catch fire 着火 4．in this sense（in．．．sense）从这种（某种）意义上来讲 5．keep in touch（with．．．）（与······）保持联系；了解（某课题或领域的情况） 6．remote control 遥控器；遥控 7．daily routine 日常生活 8．artificial intelligence（AI）人工智能 9.air conditioner空调机；空调设备 二、词块翻译 1.keep in touch (with …) （与……）保持联系 2.catch fire着火 3.in this sense (in … sense) 从这种（某种）意义上来讲 4. be relevant to... 和……有关 5.combine...with/and... 把……与……结合起来 6. absence from 缺席；不在 7. be ready for 为……准备好 8. respond to 对……做出反应 9. in addition 此外 10. keep track of 了解……的动态 11. prevent… from防止 12. come true 实现 13. benefit from受益于 14. can’t help but do sth. 忍不住做某事 15. send out 发出（信号、声音、光、热等） 16. set off 出发 17. hang out 闲逛 18. go sightseeing 观光 19. global warming 全球变暖 20. artificial intelligence 人工智能 21. in particular 尤其 22. rather than 而不是 选修一Unit3 Fascinating Parks 单词回顾和词汇拓展： 知识点1 ban ( ① v t .明令禁止；取缔 ) （教材原句） Though the Sami are allowed to continue their traditional way of life in the park,no one else can live here,and all new development is banned within park boundaries.虽然萨米人可以继续以他们传统的生活方式在公 园里生活，但是其他人不可以住在这里，而且在公园范围内禁止进行任何新的开发。 【拓展】 ban sb from(doing)sth禁止某人做某事/禁止某人去某处/取消某人的某种资格等 Charlie has been banned from driving for a year.查利被禁止驾驶一年。 He was banned from the meeting.他被取消了出席会议的资格。 ②n.禁令；禁止 a ban on….关于……的禁令a complete ban彻底禁止 知识点2 accompany vt.陪同；陪伴；伴随；与……同时发生；(尤指用钢琴)为……伴奏 （教材原句） Since reindeer were always on the move,the Sami would pick up their tents and accompany them.由于驯鹿总是在迁移，萨米人会收起帐篷，陪着驯鹿(移动)。 【拓展】 accompany sb to someplace陪某人去某地 accompany sb on sth用某种乐器为某人伴奏 be accompanied with/by.….附带着/伴随着…… I agreed to accompany Ken on a trip to Africa.我答应陪肯一起去非洲旅行。 If she sang,he would accompany her on the piano.如果她唱歌的话，他就会用钢琴为她伴奏。 The disease is accompanied by/with sneezing and fever.这种病伴有打喷嚏和发烧症状。 联想词①company n.陪伴；公司 keep sb company陪伴某人；与某人做伴 ②companion n.同伴；伙伴 知识点3 adopt vt.采用；采取；采纳vt.&vi.领养 （教材原句） I am not a Sami,but in Sarek I've adopted some of their habits.我不是萨米人，但在萨勒克，我养成了他们的一些习惯。 All three teams adopted different approaches to the problem.三个队处理这个问题的方法各不相同。 【拓展】 adopt a new technique采用新技术 adopt an idea采纳想法 adopt an orphan收养孤儿 联想词adoption n.采纳；收养电影《美女与野兽》改编自迪士尼经典动画 易混词adapt vt.使适应； 改造；改编vi.&vt.适应(新情况)adapt(oneself)to.….适应…… be adapted from…改编自……be adapted for…改编成…… The children are finding it hard to adapt to the new school.孩子们觉得很难适应新学校。 The film has been adapted from a play of the same title.=A play has been adapted for the film of the same title.这部电影改编自一部同名戏剧。 知识点4 set out出发；启程；(怀着目标)开始工作 （教材原句） After breakfast,I pack my bag and set out again.早饭后，我收拾好行李又出发了。 【拓展】 set out for…动身去…… set out to do sth一心做某事；决心开始做某事 You will be anxious if you set out for a dinner late.如果你太迟动身去赴宴的话，你将会感到焦虑。 He set out to break the world hurdle race record.他一心想打破跨栏赛跑的世界纪录。 联想拓展含有set的其他常用短语 set about(doing)sth着手做某事set up建立；安装；建起 set back延缓；阻碍；使花费(大笔金钱)set down写下；记下 set off出发；动身；激发；使爆炸be set in…以……为背景 知识点5 prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止；阻止 （教材原句） officially or legally prohibit官方或法律禁止 常用搭配prohibit sb from doing sth禁止某人做某事 At that time,citizens were prohibited from travelling abroad.在那个时代，公民被禁止出国旅游。 【拓展】 “禁止/阻止某人做某事”的其他常用短语 禁止某人做某事：forbid sb from doing sth/forbid sb to do sth/ban sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事：keep sb from doing sth/prevent sb(from)doing sth/stop sb(from)doing sth/discourage sb from doing sth 联想词prohibition n.禁止；阻止；禁令 知识点6 appeal ①vi.有吸引力；呼吁；恳求；上诉 （教材原句） Whichever and whatever you like,there is an incredible theme park that will appeal to you!无论你喜欢哪一个、喜欢什么,一定有一个绝好的主题公园会吸引你! 【拓展】 appeal to有吸引力；有感染力；呼吁；上诉；打动 appeal to sb to do sth呼吁/恳求某人做某事appeal to sb for sth向某人呼吁某事 appeal to…against…针对……向……提出上诉 The victims of the earthquake-stricken area appealed to the government for relief.地震灾区的灾民请求政府给予救济。 Martin Luther King appealed to the blacks to appeal to the highest court against racial discrimination,which greatly appealed to the whole world.马丁·路德·金呼吁黑人向最高法庭上诉，反对种族歧视，这引起了全世界极大的关注。 ②n.吸引力；呼吁；上诉；请求 ●The police made an appeal to the public to remain calm.警方呼吁公众保持镇静。 联想词appealing adj.有吸引力的；有趣的 知识点7 wander vt.&vi.闲逛；漫游vi.走失；离散；走神；偏离主题n.游荡；闲逛；流浪 （教材原句） As you wander around the fantasy amusement park,you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade or even on the street.当你在奇幻的游乐园里闲逛时，你也许会在游行队伍里甚至在街上看见白雪公主或米老鼠。 Her thoughts wandered back to her youth.她浮想联翩，思绪回到了青春岁月。 【拓展】 wander in/through/around游荡在 wander away/off走散/偏离(正道)wander from/off…离开/偏离…… The child wandered off and got lost.那孩子走散后迷路了。 知识点8 amuse vt.(提供)消遣；(使)娱乐(=entertain);使开心；逗笑；逗乐 （教材原句） Of course,Disneyland also has many exciting rides to amuse you,from enormous swinging ships to scary free-fall drops.当然，迪士尼乐园也有许多令人兴奋的游乐设施供你娱乐，从巨大的摇摆船到可怕的跳楼机。 【拓展】 amuse oneself自娱自乐 amuse sb by/with sth用某事/物逗某人开心 He would amuse us for hours with some stories that he made up.他会接连几小时用他编的一些故事逗我们开心。 联想词①amusement n.娱乐(活动);愉悦 to one's amusement令某人发笑的是 ②amused adj.被逗乐的；觉得好笑的 be amused at/by.….被……逗乐；以……为乐 be amused to see/find/learn/.….看到/发现/得知/……而感到有趣或好笑 ③amusing adj.逗人发笑的；有趣的 知识点9 up to 达到(某数量、程度等);直到；不多于；(体力或智力上)能胜任 （教材原句） Here you can walk under the Whale Shark Aquarium—the world's largest—and see up to 20,000 fish,in addition to a whale shark 68 metres in length. 在这里，你可以从世界上最大的鲸鲨水族馆下走过，除了能看到一条68米长的鲸鲨外，你还可以看到多达2万条鱼。 I don't feel up to such a long journey.我不能承受这样的长途旅行。 熟词生义由……决定；是……的责任 It's up to us to change things we don't like.是否改变那些我们不喜欢的事情取决于我们自己。 It's up to all of us to try to solve the problems in our neighbourhoods.我们大家都有责任去努力解决我们街区的问题。 【拓展】 含有up的其他常用短语 add up加起来break up(使)破裂；分解 call up打电话；使想起come up with想出 cut up切碎end up最终处于；到头来 give up放弃go up(价格、数量等)上涨 hold up延误；支撑 keep up持续；跟上look up查阅；向上看 make up编造；组成；化妆 eat up吃光use up用尽 put up举起；张贴；安排住宿 put up with忍受set up建立 take up占据(时间、空间);从事(职业)turn up调大(热度、音量等);重新出现 pick up拾起；偶然学会；(情况)好转；接载(某人);接收(信号) 知识点10 be available to do sth.　可用来做某事 be available for... 可用于……的；对……有效的；能参加……的 availability n. 可利用性；利用率 XB1U3词汇变形及短语 一、词汇变形 1. _______ n.视野;视力;想象→_______ adj.看得见的;可见的→__________adj.看不见的 2. _____ vt.祝福→________ n.幸事;准许→________ adj.受祝福的;幸运的(=________);幸福的 ____________被赋有…的;享有…的 _______________看似坏事的好事(塞翁失马焉知非福) _________ adj.聪明的;智能的的→__________n.智力;情报 人工智能:__________________ 3. ______(=_______=____) vt.(尤指以法令)禁止;阻止→_______(=________=____) n.禁止;阻止;禁令 ban-____-____ 双写__加___ _____ v.展览 4._________n.日报,杂志;日记→_________n.新闻记者;新闻工作者→_________ n.新闻业;新闻工作 _________ adj.可用的,可获得的;有空的;单身的 5._________ n.奖励;报酬v.奖赏;给…以报酬→_________ adj.有益的(=_________=_________);值得做的 6. _________ n.自行车;摩托车;循环vi.骑自行车→_________n.骑自行车的人 _________vt. 回收利用 7. _________vi.有吸引力;呼吁;上诉;打动n.吸引力;呼吁;上诉;请求→_________adj.有吸引力的(=_________=_________=_________=_________);有感染力的;恳求的,可怜的 呼吁某人做某事：______/________________ _________=_________ adj.巨大的 ______adj.巨大的,广阔的 8. _________vt.热爱;爱慕;喜爱→_________ adj.可爱的;讨人喜爱的→_________adv. _________ =_________ adj.壮丽的;极佳的;辉煌的 9. _____(=_______) vt.使快乐→________(=________) n.娱乐(活动);愉悦→_________(=_________)adj.好笑的,有乐趣的→________adj.逗乐的,觉得可笑的 10. _________ vt.＆vi.(使)摇摆;转向n.摇摆;秋千→_________（过去式）→_________（过去分词） 11. _________n.时尚;时兴;流行款式→_________ adj.流行的;时髦的 过时,不流行:_________ 12. _____ adj.稀少/珍贵的;(肉)半熟的→______ adv.罕有;很少;不常 ____裸露的;光秃秃的;空的(=_____);无装饰的→_____ adv.仅仅,勉强;几乎不 13. _________n.娱乐(=_________);招待;娱乐活动→_________ vt.款待;使快乐(=_________) ;娱乐→_________(=_________) adj.娱乐的,使人愉快的 14. _________ n.准确(性)→_________adj.精确的;准确的 类似变法:_________ n.隐私→_________adj.私人的;私密的 15. _________vt.收养(_________);采用(_________)→_________ n.采用;收养;接受→ _________adj.采用的;有收养关系的 养女:_____________ 16. _______ vt.改编;使适应;调整(=________)vi.适应→_________n.适应,改编本 适应做某事:____________________ 17._________ n.公司;陪伴→_________n.同伴;伴侣→_________vt.陪伴 _________adj.令人难以置信的→_________ adv.令人难以置信地;很,非常 18. _________ vt.劝说;说服→_________n.劝说,说服(力)→_________ adj.有说服力的；劝说的 19. _________ vt.使信服;说服→_________adj.确信的→________ adj.令人相信的 ________n.结构;建筑物vt.组织;安排;构造→________adj.adj.结构的 20._________ n.暴露;揭发;显示→_________ vt.使曝光;揭露 _________ v.揭示,透露;表明→_________adj.透露真情的;有启迪的;袒胸露肩的 21._________adj.有关的;有意义的→_________n.中肯;关联;相关性→_________ adj.无关的;无意义的 _________ adj.定期的;合格的n.正式队员;常客→_________ adj.不对称的,不规则的,不定期的 _______________常客 22. _________ n.(焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除→_________v.解除;减轻,缓和(不快或痛苦)→_________adj.放心的,松一口气的 23. _________n.满足;满意;欣慰→_________vt.使满意(=_________=________)→_________adj.令人满意的→_________adj.满意的 24. _________ v.说明,解释(=__________)→_________n.说明,解释 _________v.抱怨→_________n.抱怨 抱怨… _______________ 25. _________ n.(=_________)特征;特性adj.(=_________)特有的,典型的 _________n.文字;符号;角色;品质;特点 26. _________n.同等的人;相等物 adj.相同的→_________adv.相等地→_________n.平等→_________ n.不平等 27. _________(=_________) n.热情→_________(=_________) adj.热情的 对…充满热情__________________ 28. _________(=_________=_________=_________) vt.强调;加强语气;重读→_________ n.强调;加强语气;重读→复数形式:_________ n. [pl] 类似变法:_________vt.分析,分解,解释→_________n.分析→复数形式:_________n. [pl] _________n.基础(复数:_________) 29. _________n.日常工作;程序adj.惯例的 _________n.路线 _________ v/n..蒸,蒸汽adj.蒸汽的 _________n/v 流;(视频等)流播 二、词块翻译 1. __________________ 人与自然和谐相处 2. __________________ 敲打我帐篷的布 3. __________________ 山的边缘 4. __________________ 流经山谷 5. __________________ 广阔的冰层 6. __________________ 在这片土地上安家落户 7. __________________ 在边界内 8. __________________ 使...保持其自然状态 9. __________________ 以...为食 10. __________________ 陪伴某人 11. __________________ 养成了一些习惯 12. __________________ 引起某人的注意 13. __________________ 出发；启程；开始工作 14. __________________ 我感到如此幸福 15. __________________ 靠...生活，以吃...为生 16. __________________ 官方或法律禁止 17. __________________ 海洋的浩瀚和令人惊叹的美丽 18. __________________ 在行进中 19. __________________ 是...的家园 20. __________________ 奇妙的主题公园 21. __________________ 有吸引力 22. __________________ 当你漫步于这一梦幻的游乐园时 23. __________________ 想要的是好玩，而且不仅仅是好玩而已 24. __________________ 以古老的方式 25. __________________ 达到（某数量、程度等）；直到；不多于 26. __________________ 北极熊 27. __________________ 满足不同口味的美食 28. __________________ 蒸汽机 29. __________________ 颠倒 XB1U3词汇变形及短语 一 词汇变形 1. vision n.视野;视力;想象→visible adj.看得见的;可见的→invisible adj.看不见的 2. bless vt.祝福→blessing n.幸事;准许→blessed adj.受祝福的;幸运的(=fortunate);幸福的 be blessed with 被赋有…的;享有…的 a blessing in disguise 看似坏事的好事(塞翁失马焉知非福) intelligent adj.聪明的;智能的的→intelligence n.智力;情报 人工智能:artificial intelligence 3. prohibit(=forbid=ban) vt.(尤指以法令)禁止;阻止→prohibition(=forbiddance=ban) n.禁止;阻止;禁令 ban-banned-banned 双写n加ed exhibit v.展览 4. journal n.日报,杂志;日记→journalist n.新闻记者;新闻工作者→journalism n.新闻业;新闻工作 available adj.可用的,可获得的;有空的;单身的 5. reward n.奖励;报酬v.奖赏;给…以报酬→rewarding adj.有益的(=beneficial=profitable);值得做的 6. cycle n.自行车;摩托车;循环vi.骑自行车→cyclist n.骑自行车的人 recycle vt.回收利用 7. appeal vi.有吸引力;呼吁;上诉;打动n.吸引力;呼吁;上诉;请求→appealing adj.有吸引力的(=fascinating=charming=striking=attractive);有感染力的;恳求的,可怜的 呼吁某人做某事：appeal to/call on sb. to do sth. massive=enormous adj.巨大的 vast adj.巨大的,广阔的 8. adore vt.热爱;爱慕;喜爱→adorable adj.可爱的;讨人喜爱的→adorably adv. splendid=magnificent adj.壮丽的;极佳的;辉煌的 9. amuse(=entertain) vt.使快乐→amusement(=entertainment) n.娱乐(活动);愉悦→amusing(=entertaining)adj.好笑的,有乐趣的→amused adj.逗乐的,觉得可笑的 10. swing vt.＆vi.(使)摇摆;转向n.摇摆;秋千→swung（过去式）→swung（过去分词） 11. fashion n.时尚;时兴;流行款式→fashionable(=stylish) adj.流行的;时髦的 过时,不流行:out of fashion 12. rare adj.稀少/珍贵的;(肉)半熟的→rarely adv.罕有;很少;不常 bare裸露的;光秃秃的;空的(=empty);无装饰的→barely adv.仅仅,勉强;几乎不 13. entertainment n.娱乐(=amusement);招待;娱乐活动→entertain vt.款待;使快乐(=amuse) ;娱乐→entertaining(=amusing) adj.娱乐的,使人愉快的 14. accuracy n.准确(性)→accurate adj.精确的;准确的 类似变法:privacy n.隐私→private adj.私人的;私密的 15. adopt vt.收养(a child);采用(a method)→adoption n.采用;收养;接受→ adoptive adj.采用的;有收养关系的 养女:adopted daughter 16. adapt vt.改编;使适应;调整(=adjust)vi.适应(to doing sth.)→adaptation n.适应,改编本→adaptable adj.适应性强的;可改编的;适宜的→adaptive 有适应能力的 17.company n.公司;陪伴→companion n.同伴;伴侣→accompany vt.陪伴 incredible adj.令人难以置信的→incredibly adv.令人难以置信地;很,非常 18. persuade vt.劝说;说服→persuasion n.劝说,说服(力)→persuasive adj.有说服力的；劝说的 19. convince vt.使信服;说服→convinced adj.确信的→convincing adj.令人相信的 structure n.结构;建筑物vt.组织;安排;构造→structural adj.adj.结构的 20. exposure n.暴露;揭发;显示→expose vt.使曝光;揭露 reveal v.揭示,透露;表明→revealing adj.透露真情的;有启迪的;袒胸露肩的 21. relevant adj.有关的;有意义的→relevance n.中肯;关联;相关性→irrelevant adj.无关的;无意义的 regular adj.定期的;合格的n.正式队员;常客→irregular adj.不对称的,不规则的,不定期的 regular customer常客 22. relief n.(焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除→relieve v.解除;减轻,缓和(不快或痛苦)→relieved adj.放心的,松一口气的 23. satisfaction n.满足;满意;欣慰→satisfy vt.使满意(=humour=please)→satisfying adj.令人满意的→satisfied adj.满意的 24. explain v.说明,解释(=interpret)→explanation n.说明,解释 complain v.抱怨→complaint n.抱怨 抱怨… complain about… 25. characteristic n.(=feature)特征;特性adj.(=typical)特有的,典型的 character n.文字;符号;角色;品质;特点 26. equal n.同等的人;相等物 adj.相同的→equally adv.相等地→equality n.平等→inequality n.不平等 27. passion(=enthusiasm) n.热情→passionate(=enthusiastic) adj.热情的 对…充满热情:be passionate/enthusiastic about… 28. emphasize(=stress=highlight=underline) vt.强调;加强语气;重读→emphasis n.强调;加强语气;重读→复数形式:emphases n. [pl] 类似变法:analyse vt.分析,分解,解释→analysis n.分析→复数形式:analyses n. [pl] basis n.基础(复数:bases) 29. routine n.日常工作;程序adj.惯例的 route n.路线 steam v/n..蒸,蒸汽adj.蒸汽的 stream n/v 流;(视频等)流播 二 词块翻译 1. man at peace with nature 2. buffet the cloth of my tent 3. the edge of the mountain 4. flow through the valley 5. vast sheets of ice 6. make this territory their home 7. within the boundaries 8. keep...in one’s natural state 9. feed on 10. accompany sb.\keep sb. company 11. adopt some of their habits 12. catch one’s eye 13. set out 14. I feel so blessed 15. live off 16. officially or legally prohibit 17. the vastness and breathtaking beauty of the ocean 18. on the move 19. be home to 20. incredible theme park 21. appeal to 22. as you wander around the fantasy amusement park 23. want to have fun and more than fun 24. in the old-fashioned way 25. up to 26. polar bear 27. tasty food for every appetite 28. steam engine 29. upside down 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $