Unit7 The natural world 知识点讲义 2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级上册

2025-12-22
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语译林版八年级上册
年级 八年级
章节 Unit 7 The natural world
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-单元练习
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 江苏省
地区(市) 南京市
地区(区县) 玄武区
文件格式 DOCX
文件大小 47 KB
发布时间 2025-12-22
更新时间 2025-12-26
作者 学无止境xw
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2025-12-22
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/55559463.html
价格 1.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

该初中英语讲义围绕“自然世界”主题,通过表格对比、词义辨析及语法结构梳理构建知识体系,涵盖核心词汇、语法要点和主题句型。用表格呈现include/including等易混词的词性与用法,通过climate和weather的辨析突出词义差异,以“so/such...that...”句型结构表梳理语法逻辑,清晰呈现重难点内在联系。 讲义亮点在于“分层练习+方法指导”设计,通过“penguin复数拼写”“trap动词用法填空”等基础题夯实语言能力,结合“动词不定式作定语”(ways to save them)等语法模板培养思维品质。环保主题句型(one of the most important wetlands)融入语境练习,基础生可掌握用法,优秀生能拓展表达,助力教师精准分层教学,支持学生自主复习巩固。

内容正文:

牛津译林 8A Unit7 The natural world 知识点清单 1. coral /'kɒrəl/ n. 珊瑚 搭配:coral reef珊瑚礁; coral ecosystem珊瑚生态系统 3. penguin /'peŋɡwɪn/ n. 企鹅 常考拼写和复数形式 penguin(s) 4. ecosystem /'iːkəʊsɪstəm/ n. 生态系统 (★巧记:eco- 生态的;+ system n.系统,体系) balance the ecosystem平衡生态系统 5. climate /'klaɪmət/ n. 气候 climate change 气候变化 tropical climate热带气候 ★climate和weather 区别: ①climate 某一地区长期(数年、数十年甚至更久)的平均天气状况(包括气温、降水、风等)(长期、稳定性) The climate in Sanya is warm all year round.(三亚的气候全年温暖。) ②weather 某一地区短时间内(分钟、小时、几天)的大气状况(短期、多变、偶然性) What's the weather like today?(今天天气怎么样?) 6. wetland /'wetlənd/ n. 湿地 复数(wetlands) 7. include /ɪn'kluːd/ vt. 包括 词汇 词性 释义 include 动词(及物动词) “包含;包括”(强调主动 “把…… 列入其中”) including 介词 / 现在分词 “包括…… 在内”(表举例,补充说明前面的人 / 物) 1. Our school subjects include English, Math and History.(我们的学校科目包括英语、数学和历史。) 2. Many students, including Li Hua, like playing basketball.(很多学生,包括李华在内,喜欢打篮球。) 8. non-living /ˌnɒn 'lɪvɪŋ/ adj. 非生物的 搭配:non-living things(非生物);non-living environment(非生物环境) 10. around /ə'raʊnd/ adv. 大约(表示数量、时间的近似值。):around 3 o'clock(大约3点 11. hold /həʊld/ vt. 容纳;拿着;举行 ★过去式 held hold 20 people(容纳20人);hold a meeting(举行会议) 12. return /rɪ'tɜːn/ vi. 返回,回去,回来 return to school(回到学校);return home(回家),地点副词前省略to 13. get rid of 清除;摆脱 get rid of rubbish(清除垃圾);get rid of stress(摆脱压力; 14. prevent /prɪ'vent/ vt. 防止,阻止 • 搭配:prevent...from doing...(阻止……做……)=stop/keep...from doing sth ; prevent accidents(防止事故) 15. store /stɔː(r)/ vt. 贮存 store food(贮存食物); store energy(储存能量) 16. sponge /spʌndʒ/ n. 海绵块 ① Use a ______ (海绵) to clean the table after dinner. 17. act /ækt/ vi. 起作用;行动;vi. & vt. 扮演。也可表示“行动”“扮演角色”。 搭配:act as(充当);act quickly(迅速行动) act---actor (n.男演员)--- actress(n.女演员) --- active(adj.积极的) ---action (n.行动) ----activity(n.活动) 18. kidney /'kɪdni/ n. 肾脏 --复数kidneys 19. nearly /'nɪəli/ adv. 几乎,差不多,将近=almost 20. carbon dioxide /'kɑːbən daɪ'ɒksaɪd/ n. 二氧化碳 21. trap /træp/ vt. 吸收;使落入险境---常考过去式:trapped , 也可做形容词“困住的” Forests ______ (吸收) large amounts of carbon dioxide. 22. harmful /'hɑːmfl/ adj. 有害的 23. therefore /'ðeəfɔː(r)/ adv. 因此 outdoor activity. 24. lung /lʌŋ/ n. 肺 healthy lungs(健康的肺) 25. slow down (使)慢下来 26. sadly /'sædli/ adv. 不幸地;悲伤地---sad adj.伤心的 --- sadness n.悲伤 27. ton /tʌn/ n. 吨 a ton of coal(一吨煤);tons of waste(数吨垃圾) 28. harm /hɑːm/ vt. 伤害,损害 n.伤害,损害 ----harmful adj.有害的---harmless adj.无害的 harm the environment(危害环境); do harm to(对……有害) 8A U7知识点汇总 To treat the earth kindly is to treat oneself kindly. 善待地球就是善待自己 To treat the earth kindly不定式短语作主语;to treat oneself kindly不定式短语作表语;“kindly”是副词作状语,修饰动词“treat”。 Welcome to the unit 1.support a lot of life 养育许多生命 support vt.养育;支持 n.支持 support one’s family 养家 with one’s support在...支持下 2.Grasslands often lie between deserts and forests. 草原常位于沙漠和森林之间 “lie”此处意为“位于、坐落于”;躺/位于 lie-lying-lay-lain 说谎 lie-lying-lied-lied 3. be home to...“是……的家园” 4. the difference in temperature between day and night is huge. 昼夜温差大 5. little表示“几乎没有”(表否定含义=no ) “a little”(有一点,表肯定=some) few表示“几乎没有”(表否定含义=no) “a few”(有一点,表肯定=some) 6.so /such... that...:“如此……以至于……” so与such的区别:①so + 形容词/副词 such + 名词/名词短语②多多少少用so ③so +形容词+ a/an+可数名词单数+ that.. =such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that It is so beautiful a day that we want to go out for a walk. =It is such a beautiful day that we want to go out for a walk so that… 意为“以便,为了”;表目的(常含情态动词) 7.keep water in their leaves 把水分保存在叶子里 Reading 1.①include 动词,包括 including 介词(使用时前面有逗号隔开) The list includes many famous names. There are five people in the room, including two children. ②living ①adj.活着的 living things 作定语; alive活着的 I’m still alive.作表语 ②n.生存、生活 make a living谋生 do sth for a living靠...谋生 2. be of different sizes=be different in size大小不同 from… to…从……到……; 3. Each ecosystem has a role to play and helps keep the balance between all its members and the greater environment. 每个生态系统发挥作用, ①has a role to play (发挥作用) play a role in... 在...中发挥作用/扮演角色 play an important role in 在...中发挥重要作用 play the role of...扮演...的角色 ②keep the balance between A and B  保持A与B之间的平衡 4. It covers around 71% of the earth's surface and produces about 70% of the earth's oxygen. ①around adv.大约=about ②cover v.①覆盖be covered with/in ②占...面积 cover/have an area of n.封面、盖子;庇护所(不可数) ③produce v.生产→n.product(可数 产品) production(不可数 生产、产量) 5. It holds plenty of salt water (容纳大量的海水) ①hold vt. 容纳; 拿着; 举行 hold on稍等(电话用语)hold up支撑得住 hold/have a meeting举行会议 ②rise 不及物动词,上升 raise及物动词 升起/筹集/饲养 ③return 返回return to+地点=go back to+地点 归还return sb sth=return sth to sb 6. go on+doing(继续做同一件事) go on+to do (继续做另一件事) 7. get rid of 清除; 摆脱; 8.Wetlands can also help prevent floods. 湿地也可以帮助防洪 prevent防止, 阻止prevent sb. (from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事 stop sb. (from) doing sth.= keep sb. from doing sth. 9 store water like giant sponges. 像巨大的海绵一样储存水 store vt. 贮存;store sth in sth=keep sth in sth 把....储存在.... n. 商店(=shop); 10. They act like the “kidneys" of the earth. 起到地球肾脏的作用 act vi.起作用;行动; vt. & vi. 扮演 act like 就像 action n. 行动; act to do sth.= take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事; 11. Forests make up nearly a third of the earth's land area. 森林几乎占地球陆地面积的三分之一 ①make up组成; 编造; 化妆;be made up of 由....组成 ②a third三分之一=one third;分数的表达:分子基数词,分母序数词,分子大于1,分母加s。 1/5→ one fifth, 4/5 →four fifths 特殊的:1/2 a half;1/4 a quarter 12. take in吸收,吸入 What's more意思是“此外”=moreover Therefore因此 13. trap harmful things in their leaves 把有害的东西吸收进他们的叶子里 ①trap vt.吸收、陷入困境 be trapped 被困 ②harmful adj.有害的 (harmless无害的) harm vt. & n.伤害,损害 be harmful to 对...有害=do harm to 14. 称森林为地球的肺 call forests the “lungs”of the earth 15. 数百万吨塑料 millions of tons of plastic Grammar 1. 相当多,不少 quite a few 2.提供 provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb offer sb sth=offer sth to sb 3.feed on “以……为食” 4. noisy adj. 充满噪声的; 吵闹的; noise n. 噪声;noisily adv.喧闹地;嘈杂地 5. 淡水 fresh water Word power后缀ly 1. 在一些形容词后+ly变成副词 (以ue/le结尾去e变成y true-truly possible-possibly ) 2. 在一些名词后+ly变成形容词 (friendly lovely yearly monthly weekly daily) 3. 在一些形容词后+ly变成形容词 (kindly亲切的,和蔼的 likely可能的 lively活泼的 deadly致命的) ※ 形副同形:daily weekly monthly yearly kindly deadly 4. hear of /about听说 hear form sb 收到某人来信 5. 担心 worry about=be worried about 6. Cause corals to die slowly导致珊瑚缓慢死亡 cause①动词 导致=lead to cause sb to do sth ②名词 原因 the cause of = the reason for 7. greatly damage the ocean environment 极大地破坏海洋环境 damage vt.损害,毁坏; n.损坏,损失; 损害 8. 找到拯救他们的方法find ways to save them (动词不定式作后置定语) Integration 1. Zhalong Nature Reserve is in Heilongjiang Province in the north-east of China. ①自然保护区 nature reserve 自然灾害 natural disaster ② in the north-east of China 在中国的东北部 (in包含 on相邻 to相离) in the north of = in the northern part of 2.one of the world's most important wetlands. 世界上最重要的湿地之一 One of +the+形容词最高级+名词复数+动词三单 3.provide food and cover for a lot of wildlife. 为许多野生生物提供食物和庇护所 cover 庇护所(不可数) provive sb wth sth =provide sth for sb 4. Many birds live in Zhalong all year round, while some go there only for a short stay. ①all year round (全年,一整年) ② for a short stay (短期停留);stay n.停留,逗留 v.待;呆; ③while 连词,表转折 然而;时间状语 当...时;名词 一会 for a while 5. be active in the daytime白天活跃 6. make the wetlands smaller in order to have more space for farms and buildings. space空间,不可数 ①make sb./sth.+adj. ; ②in order to do sth.表示目的=to in order not to do 7. lead to less space for wildlife. 导致野生生物生存空间减少 lead to导致 lead sb. to do sth. 带领某人做某事 8. If fishermen keep fishing there, the birds will not have enough food to eat. ①if引导条件状语从句,主将从现 ②keep doing sth.一直做某事 9. 占地面积约 cover an area of about 10. 过冬 spend the winter 11. 给...带来麻烦 bring trouble to... have trouble/problems/difficulty in doing sth/with sth 做某事有麻烦 12. by creating laws to stop people from building on wetlands通过创建法律来阻止人们在湿地上建造 ①by+doing 通过... ②create v.创造 creative adj.“有创造力的;创造性的” creator n. “创作者;创造者” ③stop sb from doing sth"阻止某人做某事 13. reduce the number of tourists visiting them and to make sure visitors do no harm while they are there. ①reduce the number of 减少...的数量(数量只能用大/小) 14. 扔垃圾 throw rubbish 与...合作 work with take one's own...自带…… encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 15. You said it! 你说得对!(口语常用,表赞同,比“I agree”更口语化。) 17. Education and knowledge are useful tools to help keep forests safe. P(103) knowledge n.知识【UC】 动词不定式to help keep forests safe作后置定语,修饰前面的名词tools 18.清洁沙滩 clean up the beach 为我们提供食物 provide us with food 为我们提供娱乐的空间 offer us space for fun 使用环保的产品 use environment-friendly products 19. 志愿做某事 volunteer to do sth 20.ask for one's help in doing sth. 请求某人协助做某事 20. 塑料废弃物 plastic waste 废水 waste water 杀死海洋生物 kill sea life 21. 解决这个问题 solve the problem (解决solve/do with/deal with/work out) 22. It is meaningful to do sth 做某事是有意义的 23. work as担任 join us加入我们 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit7  The natural world 知识点讲义 2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级上册
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Unit7  The natural world 知识点讲义 2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级上册
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