第13讲 新教材8AU7 The natural world 教案+学案（上）-2025-2026学年八年级英语上册同步学与练（译林版2024）

课程主题： 8AU7 The natural world（上） 学习目标 1.掌握8A U7 Welcome到reading部分的重点词汇和句型； 2.掌握基本句型Ⅱ与并列连词的用法。 教学内容 【进门测试】 一、根据句意及汉语或首字母提示写出单词 1.Farmers are happy about the steady ___________ (降雨量) this month because it helps their crops grow tall and healthy. 2.Scientists study ___________ (企鹅) thick fur to learn how animals adapt to extreme cold environments. 3.The divers explored the c___________ r___________ and took amazing photos of the fish swimming around them. 4.A healthy e___________ depends on every plant and animal playing its unique role in nature. 5.Good friends t___________ each other with honesty and always keep their promises. 二、用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空 1.___________ (help) others in need brings happiness and makes the world a better place. 2.Half of this delicious cake ___________ (be) enough for me because I'm saving room for dinner. 3.After finishing the project, Tim felt proud of ___________ (he) for solving the problems alone. 4.Studying with friends helps me understand the ___________ (different) between easy and hard questions. 5.There ___________ (be) two new books about space in the library and one book about history, and they are very popular. 【多元导学】 Stop littering in rivers or forests. Protecting animals' homes and clean air is everyone's duty to guard the natural world.Use fewer plastic bags and recycle paper. Every effort to cut pollution helps make our natural world healthier and more lively. 【互动精讲】 Reading部分 【知识梳理1】An ecosystem includes all the living and non - living things in an area. （教材P94） include vt. 包括 include 作动词，意为“包括；包含”，强调一个整体包含着若干个独立部分，或者一个东西包含着另一个东西的一部分。 ______________________________________________这所学校包括30 名老师和500 名学生。 including 是include 的动名词形式，但通常独立用作介词，意为“包括……在内”，常和前面的内容用逗号隔开。 ______________________________________________十个朋友去参加了她的生日派对，包括我。 include... in 是一个动词短语，意为“把……包括在内”。 ______________________________________________报告应当把AI 学习列入我们的计划。 【例题精讲】 1.There are all kinds of animals in the zoo, including bears, lions and so on. 2.A visit to Beijing must be included in our plan. 【课堂练习】 1．The band played many songs, ________ some of my favourites. A．include B．including C．to include D．includes 2．—Do your pens ________ this one? —Yes. I have five pens, ________ the red one. A．include; include B．include; including C．including; including D．including; include 3．This book has many stories, which ________ fairy tales and detective stories. It also has short poems, ________ a very famous one by Li Bai. A．include; include B．include; including C．including; include D．including; including 4．The price covers all meals, breakfast and dinner. (include) 5．Campers need to pay 500 dollars for the camping trip, all meals and tents. (include) 【知识梳理2】It holds plenty of salt water, and the water rises to the sky, falls onto the land and then returns to the ocean. （教材P94） 1.hold vt. 容纳；拿着；举行 hold 作动词，有以下几种意义： (1) 容纳：指某个空间的大小能装下一些人或物； (2) 拿着：指用手拿着某些物品； (3) 举行：指举行会议或活动； (4) 承载、支撑：指承载某种物体的重量。 __________________ 别挂断电话；稍等 __________________= __________________推迟 The roof couldn’t ____________________________________.屋顶承载不了雪的重量。 They ______________________________________________________.他们决定把会议推迟到下个星期天。 ____________________________________. I’ll get my friend.请别挂断，我去叫我的朋友。 2.return vi. 返回，回去，回来 return 作动词，意为“返回”， 常用短语：return to +地点，意为“返回某地”。 return 还可以表示“归还”，构成短语： ____________________________________ 把某物归还给某人 ____________________________________作为回报 ______________________________________________________周一以前你必须把书还给图书馆。 ______________________________________________________我怎样做才能回报你的好意呢？ 【例题精讲】 1.He held a pen in one hand and a ruler in the other. 2.We’ll hold a sports meeting next week. 3.The room can hold 200 people. 4.He returned to his hometown after many years. 5.He returned to good health after a long illness. 【课堂练习】 1．The Jiangyin Half Marathon (hold) on April 13, 2025. 2．We (hold) a welcome party for Miss White last night. 3．The train (return) to the station in ten minutes, so we need to hurry up. 4．Do you mind (归还) these books to the library for me? 【知识梳理3】Plants in wetlands help get rid of pollution and make the water clean. Wetlands can also help prevent floods. （教材P95） 1.prevent vt. 防止，阻止 prevent 作动词，意为“防止，阻止”，后面可以直接加名词或代词作宾语。 ____________________________________ 是其常用短语，意为“阻止某人做某事”。 同义短语有_______________________________/_________________________________ ______________________________________________________政府正在采取措施防止污染。 2. get rid of 清除；摆脱 get rid of 意为“清除；摆脱；丢弃”，表示清除某种不良影响；摆脱某人或某种困境；丢弃不想要的物品等。 ______________________________________________________你必须改掉晚起的坏习惯。 【例题精讲】 1.We tried to prevent him, but we failed. 2.The rain prevented us from going out to play. 3.The cleaners are getting rid of the snow on the road. 4.The hunter wanted to get rid of the wolf, but he couldn’t. 【课堂练习】 1．—Red-crowned cranes are in danger because their natural habitat is fast disappearing. —Yes. People working in the reserves are doing everything they can ________ this. A．prevent B．to prevent C．preventing D．prevented 2．The heavy rain prevented us from ________ the outdoor activities as planned, so we had to stay in the classroom. A．organize B．to organize C．organizes D．organizing 3．We must take action to prevent pollution (live) a better life. 4．Nothing can prevent us from (realize) our dreams. 5．l can’t （摆脱）my headache, so I have to go to see a doctor. 【知识梳理4】During heavy rains, wetlands store water like huge sponges. They act like the "kidneys" of the earth.（教材P95） 1.store vt. 贮存 store 作动词，意为“贮存；存储”，后面可以直接接名词作宾语。 ____________________ 意为“储存；积累” store 还可以作名词，意为“商店；仓库” ____________________________________________________________这个池塘夏天储存很多雨水。 ____________________________________________________________在银行对面你可以看到一家书店。 2.act vi. 起作用；行动 vi. & vt. 扮演 act 可以作不及物动词，意为“起作用；行动”，也可以作及物动词，意为“扮演”，主要表示以下意义： (1)起作用：表示某种东西或话语对另一种东西或某人产生影响； (2)行动：表示采取行动来解决问题或实现目标； (3)表现：表示人的行为方式，描述人的举止或态度； (4)扮演：表示在戏剧或电影中扮演某个角色。 ____________________采取行动 ____________________表现得像…… ____________________充当；担任 ____________________表演出来 ____________________________________________________________政府必须采取措施制止污染。 ____________________________________________________________比赛期间她担任队长。 【例题精讲】 1.The little squirrel stores up food in a tree hole in winter. 2.I went to the store to buy some groceries. 3.He acted the part of a doctor in the TV play. 【课堂练习】 1.It’s necessary to ________(储存) milk in the fridge to keep it fresh. 2.Jim’s ________ (act) at the party makes his parents angry. 3.We must take ________ (act) to help save the endangered animals. 4.The new phone’s ability of ________ (store) information doubles. 【知识梳理5】Forests make up nearly a third of the earth's land area.（教材P95） make up 占据(某种比例) make up 的意思主要有： (1) 占据总量中的一定分量； (2) 编造故事或借口； (3) 组成(一个集体或团队)； (4) 化妆；打扮。 ____________________________________________我们还需要两名队员来组成足球队。 ____________________________________________老师为他的新课编了一个有趣的故事。 【例题精讲】 1.Women teachers make up a half of the teachers in this school. 2.She spends too much time making up in the morning. 【课堂练习】 1．—Why did you put a ladder ________ the wall just now? —Because I wanted to ________ some beautiful pictures on the wall. A．opposite; pick up B．on; make up C．against; put up D．above; open up 2．The teacher asked the students to ________ a story about a trip to the Moon. A．give up B．cheer up C．take up D．make up 3．You can ______ a conversation with your partner to practice English. A．pick up B．make up C．look up D．catch up 4．This term he is very busy so he has to ______ football. A．pick up B．put up C．give up D．make up 5．—We know that Li Yugang often ______ like a woman . He sings very well. —You are right. A．looks like B．dresses up C．makes up D．takes up 6．-What did you do in your English class today? -Mr.Brown asked us to________ a story about a trip to the moon. A．make up B．dress up C．put up D．get up 【知识梳理6】 It's time for us to take action and protect the ocean.If we don't, the plastic will harm the balance of the ocean ecosystem.（教材P97） harm vt. & n. 伤害，损害 harm可以作动词或名词，意为“伤害；损害”，其形容词形式是__________________，意为“有害的”。 __________________意为“对……有害”，此时harm 是名词； __________________意为“对……有害”。 两个短语后面都接名词或代词宾格作宾语。 ______________________________________________________在阳光下读书对你的眼睛有害。 吸烟有害我们的健康。（两种） ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 【例题精讲】 1.Running too much may harm your knees. 2.Fire is harmful. Keep your children away from it. 【课堂练习】 1.Screen use can do harm ________ children’s eyes. 2.Eating too much junk food ________ our health. (对……有害) 3.Greenhouse gases are_________(harm ) to the environment. 语法部分 行为动词与基本句型 【知识梳理1】基本句型Ⅱ 一、双宾语及句型（S+V+O+O） 部分及物动词后可接两个宾语：指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语，构成 “主谓双宾” 句型。间接宾语可转换为 “to/for + 间接宾语” 结构，具体用 to 还是 for 取决于动词。 动词类型 句型结构 转换形式 示例 接 to 的动词（表 “给予”） 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 动词 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语 He gave me a gift. = He gave a gift to me.（他给了我一份礼物。） 接 for 的动词（表 “为了”） 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 动词 + 直接宾语 + for + 间接宾语 I bought her a book. = I bought a book for her.（我给她买了一本书。） Mom made me a cake. = Mom made a cake for me.（妈妈给我做了一个蛋糕。） 注意事项 1. to 与 for 的固定搭配：接 to 的动词多表 “传递”（如 give, teach, show）；接 for 的动词多表 “制作、购买”（如 buy, make, cook），不可混用（如错误：He bought a pen to me. 正确：He bought a pen for me.）。 2. 间接宾语为代词时：通常保留双宾语结构，不转换（如方便：She passed him the salt. 不便：She passed the salt to him.）。 二、宾语补足语及句型（S+V+O+C） 宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的状态或动作，构成 “主谓宾补” 句型，可由形容词、名词、动词 - ing 形式、不定式等充当。 宾补类型 示例 形容词作宾补 We keep the room clean.（我们保持房间干净。） 名词作宾补 They call him Tom.（他们叫他汤姆。） 动词 - ing 形式作宾补 I saw her dancing.（我看见她在跳舞。） 过去分词作宾补 We had the car repaired.（我们找人修了车。） 不定式作宾补 He asked me to wait.（他让我等。） （注：部分动词后不定式省略 to，如 let, make） 注意事项 1. 宾语与宾补的逻辑关系：宾补是宾语的状态或动作（如 “her” 是 “dancing” 的发出者，“car” 是 “repaired” 的承受者）。 2. 感官动词的宾补：see, watch 等感官动词后接动词 - ing 表 “动作正在进行”，接不带 to 的不定式表 “动作全过程”（如 I saw her cross the road.（我看见她过马路了。→全过程） vs. I saw her crossing the road.（我看见她正在过马路。→进行中））。 【知识梳理2】并列连词（and, but, or, so） 并列连词用于连接单词、短语或句子，表达并列、转折、选择或因果关系。 连词 含义 示例 and 和，又（并列） She likes singing and dancing.（她喜欢唱歌和跳舞。） but 但是（转折） He is short but strong.（他个子矮但强壮。） or 或者（选择） Would you like tea or coffee?（你要茶还是咖啡？） 否则（否定条件） Hurry up, or you’ll be late.（快点，否则你会迟到。） so 所以（因果） It rained, so we stayed at home.（下雨了，所以我们待在了家里。） 注意事项 1. so 与 because 不连用：because 表原因，so 表结果，两者不可同时出现在句中（如错误：Because he was ill, so he didn’t go. 正确：He was ill, so he didn’t go. / Because he was ill, he didn’t go.）。 2. 否定句中的并列：否定句中用 or 连接并列成分，不用 and（如错误：I don’t like apples and bananas. 正确：I don’t like apples or bananas.）。 3. 祈使句 + and/or + 陈述句：可表条件（如 Work hard, and you’ll succeed.（努力工作，你就会成功。））。 【巩固练习】 单项选择 1．Which of the following has the same structure as “Mr. Fan taught us English.”? A．We all laughed happily. B．I saw him crossing the street yesterday. C．His face turned red quickly. D．He gave the boy a lot of advice. 2．Which is the correct structure of the sentence “The reserve gives wildlife food and cover.”? A．S+V+P B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+DO 3．The reserve gives wildlife food and cover. Which is the correct sentence structure? A．S+V+P B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+DO 4．Which sentence has the same structure as “Hobo brought Eddie his clothes.”? A．The clouds became dark. B．Eddie is watching Hobo work. C．My father bought me a nice bag. D．I saw some kids kicking the ball in the park. 5．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “She bought her son some books about DIY.”? A．The news made all of us sad. B．The children are reading some magazines. C．Mr. Li is teaching us an English song. D．Tom felt really tired out after a hard day’s work. 6．The sentence structure of “My mum cooked me a nice meal yesterday.” is________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+IO+DO 7．The teacher wants us not to depend on AI when we write. Which of the following sentences has the same structure? A．She will bring all the materials we need. B．Everyone seems excited about the coming vacation. C．You should keep your mouth shut about things you don’t know. D．The teacher asked her students about their opinions on the Internet. 8．The sentence structure of “Our teachers always make their classes interesting and lively.” is ________. A．S+V+DO B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+P 9．What is the sentence structure of “Eddie is watching Hobo work.”? A．S+V+O B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+OC 10．The structure of the sentence “I find the story very interesting.” is ________  . A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 11．What is the sentence structure of “Eddie is watching Hobo work.”? A．S+V+O B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+P D．S+V+DO+OC 12．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “We found the beds very comfortable”? A．The boy built his little brother a big tent. B．The sun was shining brightly. C．Sandy is watching her father work. D．His voice sounded strange. 13．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “I find English very interesting.”? A．Autumn leaves turn brown. B．People like flying kites on spring days. C．My parents gave me nice presents. D．I saw some kids kicking the ball in the park. 14．Happiness itself is different for everyone, ________ people explain it in different ways. A．until B．so C．unless D．though 15．—Don’t be a phubber (低头族). Technology helps us a lot, ________ we shouldn’t allow it to control our lives. —We should take more activities outside to keep healthy. A．until B．because C．unless D．but 16．The dress doesn’t fit me well, ________ I don’t want to buy it. A．so B．or C．if D．but 17．It is not easy to change habits, ________ with hard work and self-control, you can make it. A．or B．but C．and D．so 18．Try again, ________ you will make it. Mike failed many times, ________ he never gave up. A．but；but B．and；but C．or；and D．and；and 19．I love cola and hamburgers, ________ they are not healthy. A．or B．so C．but D．and 20．---Tom, what does “Stay hungry, stay foolish.” mean? ---You can have your own understanding. But I think it means follow your original aspiration (初心) you will succeed. A．so B．but C．and D．or 21．Lucy, don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs, ________you could have problems. A．or B．and C．but D．so 22．The two words “weak” and “week” sound the same, ________ they do not mean the same thing. A．but B．or C．so D．because 23．Don’t give up,_______ you will never succeed． A．and B．but C．so D．or 24．Be patient! Give him more time，______he will find the answer to the question on his own. A．but B．or C．and D．so 25．It is raining heavily, ______ the farmers are still busy harvesting in the fields. A．and B．but C．so D．or 26．I didn't know anyone at the party, I felt a bit lonely. A．or B．so C．and D．but 27．I like dancing, ______ I don’t have enough time to practice it. A．or B．so C．but D．because 28．---Humans are slowly polluting the whole world and there is not enough clean air _____ water. ---I agree. We must take action, _____ things will be worse. A．and; and B．or; and C．and; or D．or; or 29．Do you want to go now,   would you like to leave later? A．but B．or C．and D．so 30．Hurry up, we’ll be late for the concert. There are only 10 minutes left. A．and B．or C．so D．but 31．Just because they make more money than I do, ______ they seem to look down on me. A．so B．and C．/ D．but 32．Don’t be crazy about Korean TV programmes, _________ your life will be in a mess. A．and B．but C．or D．so 【课堂练习】 Ⅰ. 根据句意及汉语提示、首字母提示或英文释义写出单词 1.Our science class visited the local ___________ (池塘) to study frogs and learn about their life cycle. 2.The doctor explained how the ___________ (肾脏) works like a filter (过滤器), cleaning our blood every day. 3.When I spilled juice, I quickly grabbed a ___________ (海绵) to soak it up (吸收) before it dirtied the carpet. 4.Many birds build their nests in w___________ because the water and plants provide food and shelter. 5.After a long trip, my brother r___________ home safely, and we celebrated with his favourite meal. 6.Taking deep breath of fresh air is good for your ___________ (two organs inside your chest which fill with air when you breathe in) and helps you feel more relaxed. Ⅱ. 用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空 1.Just now, she ___________ (hold) her little brother's hand tightly while crossing the busy street. 2.___________ (sad), my favourite ice cream shop closed, but we found a new one nearby. 3.We collected ___________ (ton) of old books for the charity and made many kids happy. 4.Too much screen time can be ___________ (harm), so we play outside every afternoon. 5.In the school play next month, Lily ___________ (act) as a brave queen who saves her kingdom. 6.My mum ___________ (replace) sugary drinks with water, and now our family stays healthier. Ⅲ. 单项选择 1.—______ of the students in our class have passed the exam.—Oh, that means 20% of them should work harder. A. One fifth B. Four five C. Four fifths D. One five 2.—Miss Lin, did I perform badly in the Maths exam?—Don't worry, Lucy. Your score will be ______ 90 this time. A. around B. through C. below D. against 3.Some chemicals are very dangerous. We must ______ them in special containers and label them clearly. A. store B. clean C. sell D. mix 4.—Why does a simple meal like this cost so much?—We have ______ the cost of the cup you broke just now. A. received B. included C. compared D. introduced 5.Many volunteers planted trees in the park last spring. ______, the air quality has improved, making the community healthier. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Moreover 6.Don't be afraid of failure, Amy. Stand up from now on and ______ sadness to have a new beginning. A. get on with B. get rid of C. get used to D. get out of 7.In Singapore, a southern Asian country, the Chinese ______ the largest percentage of its population. So you can speak Chinese there. A. take up B. make up C. set up D. show up 8.—As we all know, land may become desert and no longer support plants.—So Chinese plant trees in the desert areas, which can ______ the water from washing the earth away. A. protect B. pour C. prevent D. produce 9.The heavy snowstorm ______ many travellers in the small village for two days. They had to wait for rescue teams. A. trapped B. saved C. protected D. carried 10.Can you tell me ______ at the time of the rainstorm? A. what your brother is doing B. what was your brother doing C. What did your brother do D. what your brother was doing Ⅳ. 情境翻译 1.每一个生物在保护自然中都发挥作用。 ____________________________________________________ 2.例如，树木吸收有害气体并清洁空气。 ____________________________________________________ 3.但污染仍在继续，危害着地球。 ____________________________________________________ 4.数以百万计的物种依赖于健康的生态系统。 ____________________________________________________ 5.因此，我们必须保持人类需求和环境之间的平衡。 ____________________________________________________ 6.是时候采取行动了，否则就太晚了。 ____________________________________________________ 【温故知新】 Ⅰ. 根据句意及汉语或首字母提示写出单词 1.The documentary showed ___________ (野生物) important role in maintaining a balanced ecosystem. 2.Many modern homes use smart ___________ (系统) to control lights and temperature, saving energy and money. 3.The n___________ birds outside my window wake me up early, but their songs make me happy. 4.Too much rain c___________ the football field become muddy, so we practice indoors instead. Ⅱ. 用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空 1.We built a tall sandcastle on the ______ (sand) beach and decorated it with seashells. 2.During lunch, we usually discuss fun ______ (topic) such as favourite movies and summer vacation plans. 3.I thought the Maths problem was hard, but it was ______ (actual) easy after the teacher explained it. 4.We have a ______ (week) football practice every Saturday morning to prepare for the match. 5.It's ______ (like) to rain this afternoon, so don't forget to bring your umbrella. Ⅲ. 用 and, but, or, so 填空 1.Study hard, ___________ you'll achieve good grades in the final exam. 2.The cat is cute, clever, ___________ friendly. It likes to play with people. 3.You can take the bus ___________ the subway to the museum. Both are convenient. 4.I invited him to the party, ___________ he didn't come because of a sudden illness. 5.It was very cold outside, ___________ we put on warm coats before going out. 6.She enjoys reading books ___________ writing stories in her free time. 7.I don't like spicy food ___________ sour drinks. I like food that tastes sweet. 8.He tried his best to solve the problem, ___________ he still couldn't find the answer. 9.The museum was closed, ___________ we went to the park instead. 10.Would you like some coffee ___________ tea? 11.You must finish your homework on time, ___________ you'll be punished by the teacher. Ⅳ. 单项选择 1.The strong wind last night ___________ several trees in our neighbourhood. Now the streets are covered with broken branches. A. planted B. damaged C. watered D. grew 2.Which of the sentences follows the structure "S+V+IO+DO"? A. The temperature drops. B. He got hurt in an accident. C. My parents bought me a nice gift. D. I saw some kids kicking the ball. 3.What is the sentence structure of "Eddie is watching Hobo work."? A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+P D. S+V+DO+OC 4.The store sells sweaters ______ a very good price. We can buy one ______ 40 yuan. A. in; at B. on; for C. at; on D. at; for 5.Happiness itself is different for everyone, ______ people explain it in different ways. A. until B. so C. unless D. though 6.It is not easy to change habits, ______ with hard work and self-control, you can make it. A. or B. but C. and D. so Ⅴ. 句子翻译 1.科学家们正在关注海洋污染问题。 Scientists are __________________________ ocean pollution. 2.早餐为我们提供能量。 Breakfast provides __________________________. 3.沙漠对鸟来说不是一个友好的环境。 The desert is not ______________________ birds. 4.不少动物以这些植物的叶子为食。 ______________________ animals ______________________ the plants' leaves. 能力提升 一、完形填空 阅读短文，从每题 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个能填入文章中相应空白处的最佳答案。 Greenland is 1 largest island in the world. It is in the northeast of North America. Near Greenland is 2 island. It is small. 3 name is Iceland. Do you think that Greenland is 4 and warm? Do you think that Iceland is white with ice? If you do, you are 5 . Not many people live on the big island of Greenland. There 6 more people in your hometown than in all of Greenland. That is 7 Greenland is not green. Greenland is 8 . Most of Greenland is covered 9 lots of ice. The ice covering Greenland is 10 than the world’s tallest building. What 11 Iceland? Is it colder than Greenland? No, it is not. Iceland has ice, but not so much ice 12 Greenland. Iceland has a lot of hot springs (泉). They give out hot 13 and steam. The weather is not as 14 as that in Greenland. And there are a lot more people 15 in Iceland. 1．A．a B．an C．/ D．the 2．A．other B．others C．another D．the other. 3．A．It B．Its C．It’s D．Itself 4．A．Blue B．white C．green D．yellow 5．A．wrong B．clever C．right D．bright 6．A．must B．are C．is D．be. 7．A．because B．why C．reason D．so 8．A．yellow B．brown C．blue D．white 9．A．with B．of C．at D．about 10．A．more high B．high C．highest D．higher 11．A．of B．in C．about D．on 12．A．as B．like C．than D．Then 13．A．water B．rain C．snow D．sand 14．A．hotter B．colder C．warm D．cold 15．A．live B．living C．lives D．lived 二、阅读理解 Moonlight shines in the clear blue sky, Reflecting the twinkling stars in my eyes. Gentle breeze floats through the ________, Sweeping through my curly hair. Sweet music laps gently to my ears, As my eyes glitter with my tears. Aye, what a beautiful sight that is, With my thoughts so lost in the mist. I sit alone by the sea, Enjoying the silence surrounding me. Soon after I leave the place, As the dark clouds fill up the space. Then comes the pouring rain, Reaching for the shelter is my aim. Goodbye silence, goodbye fear, To home I return that is so near. Mini-dictionary; 1. reflect/riˈflekt/  v. 反射    2. twinkle /ˈtwinkl/ v. 闪烁   3. breeze/bri:z/ n. 微风 4. lap/læp/ v. 拍打   5. glitter /ˈglitə/ v. 闪烁    6. mist /mist/ n. 薄雾 7. surround /səˈraʊnd/ v. 围绕   8. shelter /ʃeltə/ n. 庇护(处)   16．How did the writer feel in the poem? A．Very happy. B．Very excited. C．A bit sad. D．A bit angry. 17．Which of the following words can we put in the blank in Line 3? A．air B．pair C．care D．wear 18．The writer left the place in the end because ________. A．he was tired B．he felt cold C．it got dark D．it started to rain Where can you see auroras (极光)? Iceland? The North Pole? Actually, early this December, sky lovers in cities as south as Beijing could see them, too. They enjoyed the colored lights in the night sky. Auroras come about because of the special activities of the Sun. The Sun sends out very small particles (粒子) all the time. But sometimes, it becomes more active and lets out more. The particles travel in space like a wind. When they come near Earth, they go around it. This is because the magnetic field (磁场) of Earth “protects” us from the “Wind”. At the North and South Poles, however, some particles may get in and meet with Earth’s air. Then, the particles get “excited” and have a “dance” with the air. So, we can see the moving auroras in the sky. When the “wind” is strong enough, the auroras can cover larger areas. While we feel wowed by the beautiful lights, we often ask, “Do auroras hurt us?” The answer is no. Auroras don’t hurt people’s health. But for astronauts (宇航员) in space, they need to use special ways to protect themselves from them, said Xinhua. For example, they won’t go on spacewalks when there are “sun storms”. Also, the particle storms may stop some satellites (卫星) from working, so they may bring trouble to the GPS on our smartphones. 19．Where are small particles from? A．The Sun. B．The North Pole. C．The South Pole. D．Seas. 20．How do auroras form? A．The Sun sends out active particles. B．Particles from the Sun “dance” with the air on Earth. C．The strong wind helps them travel in space. D．The magnetic field of Earth changed small particles. 21．What can we learn about “sun storms” from the last paragraph? A．“Sun storms” will kill astronauts. B．People can enjoy “sun storms” in the night sky. C．“Sun storms” can stop GPS work well. D．“Sun storms” will cause more sun activities. 22．Where can we probably read this passage? A．In a storybook. B．In a science book. C．In a diary. D．In a comic book. 三、任务型阅读 Chishan Lake Wetland Park is in Anhui Province. It has become home to many different kinds of birds because of its good environment. Every year, a lot of tourists go there to watch the birds. Do you know how to watch the birds? The following advice will help you.   Birdwatchers enjoy looking for and listening to different kinds of birds. To watch the birds, all you need is a pair of binoculars, a field guide and love for birds. When you are ready, it’s best to go to the wild with some experienced (有经验的) people. You can join a birdwatching group to learn about some skills. Start birdwatching in the morning when birds are searching for food. Most of the time, you will hear bird calls from all around you, but you will not see any birds easily. Look for movement in trees, and bring your binoculars to your eyes to see more clearly. The most important work for a birdwatcher is to identify (识别) the birds. A bird’s shape, size, colour and habits can help a birdwatcher identify it. When you identify a bird, don’t forget to take notes about it on your notebook. When watching the birds, you should always keep in mind: respect (尊重) wildlife and protect its living areas. 根据上面短文的内容回答问题（每小题答案不超过6个单词）。 23．Why has Chishan Lake Wetland Park become home to many different kinds of birds? 24．Do you need a pair of binoculars, a field guide and love for birds to watch birds? 25．When do you start birdwatching in the morning? 26．What’s the most important work for a birdwatcher? 27．What’s the main idea of the passage? 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 课程主题： 8AU7 The natural world（上） 学习目标 1.掌握8A U7 Welcome到reading部分的重点词汇和句型； 2.掌握基本句型Ⅱ与并列连词的用法。 教学内容 【进门测试】 一、根据句意及汉语或首字母提示写出单词 1.Farmers are happy about the steady ___________ (降雨量) this month because it helps their crops grow tall and healthy. 2.Scientists study ___________ (企鹅) thick fur to learn how animals adapt to extreme cold environments. 3.The divers explored the c___________ r___________ and took amazing photos of the fish swimming around them. 4.A healthy e___________ depends on every plant and animal playing its unique role in nature. 5.Good friends t___________ each other with honesty and always keep their promises. 二、用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空 1.___________ (help) others in need brings happiness and makes the world a better place. 2.Half of this delicious cake ___________ (be) enough for me because I'm saving room for dinner. 3.After finishing the project, Tim felt proud of ___________ (he) for solving the problems alone. 4.Studying with friends helps me understand the ___________ (different) between easy and hard questions. 5.There ___________ (be) two new books about space in the library and one book about history, and they are very popular. 答案：一、1.rainfall 2.penguins' 3.coral reefs 4.ecosystem 5.treat 二、1.Helping 2.is 3.himself 4.difference(s) 5.are 【多元导学】 Stop littering in rivers or forests. Protecting animals' homes and clean air is everyone's duty to guard the natural world.Use fewer plastic bags and recycle paper. Every effort to cut pollution helps make our natural world healthier and more lively. 教学建议：根据图片和文字引出本课的主题和相关词汇。 【互动精讲】 Reading部分 【知识梳理1】An ecosystem includes all the living and non - living things in an area. （教材P94） include vt. 包括 include 作动词，意为“包括；包含”，强调一个整体包含着若干个独立部分，或者一个东西包含着另一个东西的一部分。 ______________________________________________这所学校包括30 名老师和500 名学生。 including 是include 的动名词形式，但通常独立用作介词，意为“包括……在内”，常和前面的内容用逗号隔开。 ______________________________________________十个朋友去参加了她的生日派对，包括我。 include... in 是一个动词短语，意为“把……包括在内”。 ______________________________________________报告应当把AI 学习列入我们的计划。 答案：The school includes 30 teachers and 500 students. Ten friends went to her birthday party, including me. include the AI studying in our plan. 【例题精讲】 1.There are all kinds of animals in the zoo, including bears, lions and so on. 2.A visit to Beijing must be included in our plan. 【课堂练习】 1．The band played many songs, ________ some of my favourites. A．include B．including C．to include D．includes 2．—Do your pens ________ this one? —Yes. I have five pens, ________ the red one. A．include; include B．include; including C．including; including D．including; include 3．This book has many stories, which ________ fairy tales and detective stories. It also has short poems, ________ a very famous one by Li Bai. A．include; include B．include; including C．including; include D．including; including 4．The price covers all meals, breakfast and dinner. (include) 5．Campers need to pay 500 dollars for the camping trip, all meals and tents. (include) 答案：1．B 2．B 3．B 4．including 5．including 【知识梳理2】It holds plenty of salt water, and the water rises to the sky, falls onto the land and then returns to the ocean. （教材P94） 1.hold vt. 容纳；拿着；举行 hold 作动词，有以下几种意义： (1) 容纳：指某个空间的大小能装下一些人或物； (2) 拿着：指用手拿着某些物品； (3) 举行：指举行会议或活动； (4) 承载、支撑：指承载某种物体的重量。 __________________ 别挂断电话；稍等 __________________= __________________推迟 The roof couldn’t ____________________________________.屋顶承载不了雪的重量。 They ______________________________________________________.他们决定把会议推迟到下个星期天。 ____________________________________. I’ll get my friend.请别挂断，我去叫我的朋友。 2.return vi. 返回，回去，回来 return 作动词，意为“返回”， 常用短语：return to +地点，意为“返回某地”。 return 还可以表示“归还”，构成短语： ____________________________________ 把某物归还给某人 ____________________________________作为回报 ______________________________________________________周一以前你必须把书还给图书馆。 ______________________________________________________我怎样做才能回报你的好意呢？ 答案：1.hold on hold off = put off hold the weight of snow. decided to hold off the meeting until next Sunday Hold on, please 2.return sth. to sb. in return You must return the book to the library before Monday. What can I do in return for your kindness? 【例题精讲】 1.He held a pen in one hand and a ruler in the other. 2.We’ll hold a sports meeting next week. 3.The room can hold 200 people. 4.He returned to his hometown after many years. 5.He returned to good health after a long illness. 【课堂练习】 1．The Jiangyin Half Marathon (hold) on April 13, 2025. 2．We (hold) a welcome party for Miss White last night. 3．The train (return) to the station in ten minutes, so we need to hurry up. 4．Do you mind (归还) these books to the library for me? 答案：1．was held2．held3．will return4．returning 【知识梳理3】Plants in wetlands help get rid of pollution and make the water clean. Wetlands can also help prevent floods. （教材P95） 1.prevent vt. 防止，阻止 prevent 作动词，意为“防止，阻止”，后面可以直接加名词或代词作宾语。 ____________________________________ 是其常用短语，意为“阻止某人做某事”。 同义短语有_______________________________/_________________________________ ______________________________________________________政府正在采取措施防止污染。 2. get rid of 清除；摆脱 get rid of 意为“清除；摆脱；丢弃”，表示清除某种不良影响；摆脱某人或某种困境；丢弃不想要的物品等。 ______________________________________________________你必须改掉晚起的坏习惯。 答案：1.prevent sb. from doing sth. stop sb. from doing sth./keep sb. from doing sth. The government are taking action to prevent pollution. 2. You must get rid of your bad habit of getting up late. 【例题精讲】 1.We tried to prevent him, but we failed. 2.The rain prevented us from going out to play. 3.The cleaners are getting rid of the snow on the road. 4.The hunter wanted to get rid of the wolf, but he couldn’t. 【课堂练习】 1．—Red-crowned cranes are in danger because their natural habitat is fast disappearing. —Yes. People working in the reserves are doing everything they can ________ this. A．prevent B．to prevent C．preventing D．prevented 2．The heavy rain prevented us from ________ the outdoor activities as planned, so we had to stay in the classroom. A．organize B．to organize C．organizes D．organizing 3．We must take action to prevent pollution (live) a better life. 4．Nothing can prevent us from (realize) our dreams. 5．l can’t （摆脱）my headache, so I have to go to see a doctor. 答案：1．B 2．D 3．to live 4．realizing5．get rid of 【知识梳理4】During heavy rains, wetlands store water like huge sponges. They act like the "kidneys" of the earth.（教材P95） 1.store vt. 贮存 store 作动词，意为“贮存；存储”，后面可以直接接名词作宾语。 ____________________ 意为“储存；积累” store 还可以作名词，意为“商店；仓库” ____________________________________________________________这个池塘夏天储存很多雨水。 ____________________________________________________________在银行对面你可以看到一家书店。 2.act vi. 起作用；行动 vi. & vt. 扮演 act 可以作不及物动词，意为“起作用；行动”，也可以作及物动词，意为“扮演”，主要表示以下意义： (1)起作用：表示某种东西或话语对另一种东西或某人产生影响； (2)行动：表示采取行动来解决问题或实现目标； (3)表现：表示人的行为方式，描述人的举止或态度； (4)扮演：表示在戏剧或电影中扮演某个角色。 ____________________采取行动 ____________________表现得像…… ____________________充当；担任 ____________________表演出来 ____________________________________________________________政府必须采取措施制止污染。 ____________________________________________________________比赛期间她担任队长。 答案：1.store up The pond stores much rainwater in summer. You can see a book store across from the bank. 2.take action act like act as act out The government must take action to prevent pollution. She acted as the team leader during the match. 【例题精讲】 1.The little squirrel stores up food in a tree hole in winter. 2.I went to the store to buy some groceries. 3.He acted the part of a doctor in the TV play. 【课堂练习】 1.It’s necessary to ________(储存) milk in the fridge to keep it fresh. 2.Jim’s ________ (act) at the party makes his parents angry. 3.We must take ________ (act) to help save the endangered animals. 4.The new phone’s ability of ________ (store) information doubles. 答案：1.store 2.action 3.action 4.storing 【知识梳理5】Forests make up nearly a third of the earth's land area.（教材P95） make up 占据(某种比例) make up 的意思主要有： (1) 占据总量中的一定分量； (2) 编造故事或借口； (3) 组成(一个集体或团队)； (4) 化妆；打扮。 ____________________________________________我们还需要两名队员来组成足球队。 ____________________________________________老师为他的新课编了一个有趣的故事。 答案：We need two more players to make up a soccer team. The teacher made up a funny story for his new lesson. 【例题精讲】 1.Women teachers make up a half of the teachers in this school. 2.She spends too much time making up in the morning. 【课堂练习】 1．—Why did you put a ladder ________ the wall just now? —Because I wanted to ________ some beautiful pictures on the wall. A．opposite; pick up B．on; make up C．against; put up D．above; open up 2．The teacher asked the students to ________ a story about a trip to the Moon. A．give up B．cheer up C．take up D．make up 3．You can ______ a conversation with your partner to practice English. A．pick up B．make up C．look up D．catch up 4．This term he is very busy so he has to ______ football. A．pick up B．put up C．give up D．make up 5．—We know that Li Yugang often ______ like a woman . He sings very well. —You are right. A．looks like B．dresses up C．makes up D．takes up 6．-What did you do in your English class today? -Mr.Brown asked us to________ a story about a trip to the moon. A．make up B．dress up C．put up D．get up 答案：1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．B 6．A 【知识梳理6】 It's time for us to take action and protect the ocean.If we don't, the plastic will harm the balance of the ocean ecosystem.（教材P97） harm vt. & n. 伤害，损害 harm可以作动词或名词，意为“伤害；损害”，其形容词形式是__________________，意为“有害的”。 __________________意为“对……有害”，此时harm 是名词； __________________意为“对……有害”。 两个短语后面都接名词或代词宾格作宾语。 ______________________________________________________在阳光下读书对你的眼睛有害。 吸烟有害我们的健康。（两种） ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 答案：harmful do harm to be harmful to Reading in the sun does harm to your eyes. Smoking harms our health. Smoking is harmful to our health. 【例题精讲】 1.Running too much may harm your knees. 2.Fire is harmful. Keep your children away from it. 【课堂练习】 1.Screen use can do harm ________ children’s eyes. 2.Eating too much junk food ________ our health. (对……有害) 3.Greenhouse gases are_________(harm ) to the environment. 答案：1.to 2.does harm to/is harmful to/harms 语法部分 行为动词与基本句型 【知识梳理1】基本句型Ⅱ 一、双宾语及句型（S+V+O+O） 部分及物动词后可接两个宾语：指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语，构成 “主谓双宾” 句型。间接宾语可转换为 “to/for + 间接宾语” 结构，具体用 to 还是 for 取决于动词。 动词类型 句型结构 转换形式 示例 接 to 的动词（表 “给予”） 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 动词 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语 He gave me a gift. = He gave a gift to me.（他给了我一份礼物。） 接 for 的动词（表 “为了”） 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 动词 + 直接宾语 + for + 间接宾语 I bought her a book. = I bought a book for her.（我给她买了一本书。） Mom made me a cake. = Mom made a cake for me.（妈妈给我做了一个蛋糕。） 注意事项 1. to 与 for 的固定搭配：接 to 的动词多表 “传递”（如 give, teach, show）；接 for 的动词多表 “制作、购买”（如 buy, make, cook），不可混用（如错误：He bought a pen to me. 正确：He bought a pen for me.）。 2. 间接宾语为代词时：通常保留双宾语结构，不转换（如方便：She passed him the salt. 不便：She passed the salt to him.）。 二、宾语补足语及句型（S+V+O+C） 宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的状态或动作，构成 “主谓宾补” 句型，可由形容词、名词、动词 - ing 形式、不定式等充当。 宾补类型 示例 形容词作宾补 We keep the room clean.（我们保持房间干净。） 名词作宾补 They call him Tom.（他们叫他汤姆。） 动词 - ing 形式作宾补 I saw her dancing.（我看见她在跳舞。） 过去分词作宾补 We had the car repaired.（我们找人修了车。） 不定式作宾补 He asked me to wait.（他让我等。） （注：部分动词后不定式省略 to，如 let, make） 注意事项 1. 宾语与宾补的逻辑关系：宾补是宾语的状态或动作（如 “her” 是 “dancing” 的发出者，“car” 是 “repaired” 的承受者）。 2. 感官动词的宾补：see, watch 等感官动词后接动词 - ing 表 “动作正在进行”，接不带 to 的不定式表 “动作全过程”（如 I saw her cross the road.（我看见她过马路了。→全过程） vs. I saw her crossing the road.（我看见她正在过马路。→进行中））。 【知识梳理2】并列连词（and, but, or, so） 并列连词用于连接单词、短语或句子，表达并列、转折、选择或因果关系。 连词 含义 示例 and 和，又（并列） She likes singing and dancing.（她喜欢唱歌和跳舞。） but 但是（转折） He is short but strong.（他个子矮但强壮。） or 或者（选择） Would you like tea or coffee?（你要茶还是咖啡？） 否则（否定条件） Hurry up, or you’ll be late.（快点，否则你会迟到。） so 所以（因果） It rained, so we stayed at home.（下雨了，所以我们待在了家里。） 注意事项 1. so 与 because 不连用：because 表原因，so 表结果，两者不可同时出现在句中（如错误：Because he was ill, so he didn’t go. 正确：He was ill, so he didn’t go. / Because he was ill, he didn’t go.）。 2. 否定句中的并列：否定句中用 or 连接并列成分，不用 and（如错误：I don’t like apples and bananas. 正确：I don’t like apples or bananas.）。 3. 祈使句 + and/or + 陈述句：可表条件（如 Work hard, and you’ll succeed.（努力工作，你就会成功。））。 【巩固练习】 单项选择 1．Which of the following has the same structure as “Mr. Fan taught us English.”? A．We all laughed happily. B．I saw him crossing the street yesterday. C．His face turned red quickly. D．He gave the boy a lot of advice. 2．Which is the correct structure of the sentence “The reserve gives wildlife food and cover.”? A．S+V+P B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+DO 3．The reserve gives wildlife food and cover. Which is the correct sentence structure? A．S+V+P B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+DO 4．Which sentence has the same structure as “Hobo brought Eddie his clothes.”? A．The clouds became dark. B．Eddie is watching Hobo work. C．My father bought me a nice bag. D．I saw some kids kicking the ball in the park. 5．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “She bought her son some books about DIY.”? A．The news made all of us sad. B．The children are reading some magazines. C．Mr. Li is teaching us an English song. D．Tom felt really tired out after a hard day’s work. 6．The sentence structure of “My mum cooked me a nice meal yesterday.” is________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+IO+DO 7．The teacher wants us not to depend on AI when we write. Which of the following sentences has the same structure? A．She will bring all the materials we need. B．Everyone seems excited about the coming vacation. C．You should keep your mouth shut about things you don’t know. D．The teacher asked her students about their opinions on the Internet. 8．The sentence structure of “Our teachers always make their classes interesting and lively.” is ________. A．S+V+DO B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+P 9．What is the sentence structure of “Eddie is watching Hobo work.”? A．S+V+O B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+OC 10．The structure of the sentence “I find the story very interesting.” is ________  . A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 11．What is the sentence structure of “Eddie is watching Hobo work.”? A．S+V+O B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+P D．S+V+DO+OC 12．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “We found the beds very comfortable”? A．The boy built his little brother a big tent. B．The sun was shining brightly. C．Sandy is watching her father work. D．His voice sounded strange. 13．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “I find English very interesting.”? A．Autumn leaves turn brown. B．People like flying kites on spring days. C．My parents gave me nice presents. D．I saw some kids kicking the ball in the park. 14．Happiness itself is different for everyone, ________ people explain it in different ways. A．until B．so C．unless D．though 15．—Don’t be a phubber (低头族). Technology helps us a lot, ________ we shouldn’t allow it to control our lives. —We should take more activities outside to keep healthy. A．until B．because C．unless D．but 16．The dress doesn’t fit me well, ________ I don’t want to buy it. A．so B．or C．if D．but 17．It is not easy to change habits, ________ with hard work and self-control, you can make it. A．or B．but C．and D．so 18．Try again, ________ you will make it. Mike failed many times, ________ he never gave up. A．but；but B．and；but C．or；and D．and；and 19．I love cola and hamburgers, ________ they are not healthy. A．or B．so C．but D．and 20．---Tom, what does “Stay hungry, stay foolish.” mean? ---You can have your own understanding. But I think it means follow your original aspiration (初心) you will succeed. A．so B．but C．and D．or 21．Lucy, don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs, ________you could have problems. A．or B．and C．but D．so 22．The two words “weak” and “week” sound the same, ________ they do not mean the same thing. A．but B．or C．so D．because 23．Don’t give up,_______ you will never succeed． A．and B．but C．so D．or 24．Be patient! Give him more time，______he will find the answer to the question on his own. A．but B．or C．and D．so 25．It is raining heavily, ______ the farmers are still busy harvesting in the fields. A．and B．but C．so D．or 26．I didn't know anyone at the party, I felt a bit lonely. A．or B．so C．and D．but 27．I like dancing, ______ I don’t have enough time to practice it. A．or B．so C．but D．because 28．---Humans are slowly polluting the whole world and there is not enough clean air _____ water. ---I agree. We must take action, _____ things will be worse. A．and; and B．or; and C．and; or D．or; or 29．Do you want to go now,   would you like to leave later? A．but B．or C．and D．so 30．Hurry up, we’ll be late for the concert. There are only 10 minutes left. A．and B．or C．so D．but 31．Just because they make more money than I do, ______ they seem to look down on me. A．so B．and C．/ D．but 32．Don’t be crazy about Korean TV programmes, _________ your life will be in a mess. A．and B．but C．or D．so 答案： 1．D 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．C 6．D 7．C 8．C 9．D 10．D 11．D 12．C 13．D 14．B 15．D 16．A 17．B 18．B 19．C 20．C 21．A 22．A 23．D 24．C 25．B 26．B 27．C 28．D 29．B 30．B 31．C 32．C 【课堂练习】 Ⅰ. 根据句意及汉语提示、首字母提示或英文释义写出单词 1.Our science class visited the local ___________ (池塘) to study frogs and learn about their life cycle. 2.The doctor explained how the ___________ (肾脏) works like a filter (过滤器), cleaning our blood every day. 3.When I spilled juice, I quickly grabbed a ___________ (海绵) to soak it up (吸收) before it dirtied the carpet. 4.Many birds build their nests in w___________ because the water and plants provide food and shelter. 5.After a long trip, my brother r___________ home safely, and we celebrated with his favourite meal. 6.Taking deep breath of fresh air is good for your ___________ (two organs inside your chest which fill with air when you breathe in) and helps you feel more relaxed. Ⅱ. 用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空 1.Just now, she ___________ (hold) her little brother's hand tightly while crossing the busy street. 2.___________ (sad), my favourite ice cream shop closed, but we found a new one nearby. 3.We collected ___________ (ton) of old books for the charity and made many kids happy. 4.Too much screen time can be ___________ (harm), so we play outside every afternoon. 5.In the school play next month, Lily ___________ (act) as a brave queen who saves her kingdom. 6.My mum ___________ (replace) sugary drinks with water, and now our family stays healthier. Ⅲ. 单项选择 1.—______ of the students in our class have passed the exam.—Oh, that means 20% of them should work harder. A. One fifth B. Four five C. Four fifths D. One five 2.—Miss Lin, did I perform badly in the Maths exam?—Don't worry, Lucy. Your score will be ______ 90 this time. A. around B. through C. below D. against 3.Some chemicals are very dangerous. We must ______ them in special containers and label them clearly. A. store B. clean C. sell D. mix 4.—Why does a simple meal like this cost so much?—We have ______ the cost of the cup you broke just now. A. received B. included C. compared D. introduced 5.Many volunteers planted trees in the park last spring. ______, the air quality has improved, making the community healthier. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Moreover 6.Don't be afraid of failure, Amy. Stand up from now on and ______ sadness to have a new beginning. A. get on with B. get rid of C. get used to D. get out of 7.In Singapore, a southern Asian country, the Chinese ______ the largest percentage of its population. So you can speak Chinese there. A. take up B. make up C. set up D. show up 8.—As we all know, land may become desert and no longer support plants.—So Chinese plant trees in the desert areas, which can ______ the water from washing the earth away. A. protect B. pour C. prevent D. produce 9.The heavy snowstorm ______ many travellers in the small village for two days. They had to wait for rescue teams. A. trapped B. saved C. protected D. carried 10.Can you tell me ______ at the time of the rainstorm? A. what your brother is doing B. what was your brother doing C. What did your brother do D. what your brother was doing Ⅳ. 情境翻译 1.每一个生物在保护自然中都发挥作用。 ____________________________________________________ 2.例如，树木吸收有害气体并清洁空气。 ____________________________________________________ 3.但污染仍在继续，危害着地球。 ____________________________________________________ 4.数以百万计的物种依赖于健康的生态系统。 ____________________________________________________ 5.因此，我们必须保持人类需求和环境之间的平衡。 ____________________________________________________ 6.是时候采取行动了，否则就太晚了。 ____________________________________________________ 答案： Ⅰ. 1. ponds2. kidney3. sponge4. wetlands5. returned6. lungs Ⅱ. 1. held2. Sadly3. tons4. harmful5. will act6. replaces Ⅲ. 1 - 5 CAABA 6 - 10 BBCAD Ⅳ. 1. Every living being has a role to play in protecting nature.2. For example, trees take in harmful gases and clean the air.3. But pollution goes on and on, harming the earth.4. Millions of species depend on healthy ecosystems.5. Therefore, we must keep the balance between human needs and the environment.6. It's time to take action before it's too late. 【温故知新】 Ⅰ. 根据句意及汉语或首字母提示写出单词 1.The documentary showed ___________ (野生物) important role in maintaining a balanced ecosystem. 2.Many modern homes use smart ___________ (系统) to control lights and temperature, saving energy and money. 3.The n___________ birds outside my window wake me up early, but their songs make me happy. 4.Too much rain c___________ the football field become muddy, so we practice indoors instead. Ⅱ. 用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空 1.We built a tall sandcastle on the ______ (sand) beach and decorated it with seashells. 2.During lunch, we usually discuss fun ______ (topic) such as favourite movies and summer vacation plans. 3.I thought the Maths problem was hard, but it was ______ (actual) easy after the teacher explained it. 4.We have a ______ (week) football practice every Saturday morning to prepare for the match. 5.It's ______ (like) to rain this afternoon, so don't forget to bring your umbrella. Ⅲ. 用 and, but, or, so 填空 1.Study hard, ___________ you'll achieve good grades in the final exam. 2.The cat is cute, clever, ___________ friendly. It likes to play with people. 3.You can take the bus ___________ the subway to the museum. Both are convenient. 4.I invited him to the party, ___________ he didn't come because of a sudden illness. 5.It was very cold outside, ___________ we put on warm coats before going out. 6.She enjoys reading books ___________ writing stories in her free time. 7.I don't like spicy food ___________ sour drinks. I like food that tastes sweet. 8.He tried his best to solve the problem, ___________ he still couldn't find the answer. 9.The museum was closed, ___________ we went to the park instead. 10.Would you like some coffee ___________ tea? 11.You must finish your homework on time, ___________ you'll be punished by the teacher. Ⅳ. 单项选择 1.The strong wind last night ___________ several trees in our neighbourhood. Now the streets are covered with broken branches. A. planted B. damaged C. watered D. grew 2.Which of the sentences follows the structure "S+V+IO+DO"? A. The temperature drops. B. He got hurt in an accident. C. My parents bought me a nice gift. D. I saw some kids kicking the ball. 3.What is the sentence structure of "Eddie is watching Hobo work."? A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+P D. S+V+DO+OC 4.The store sells sweaters ______ a very good price. We can buy one ______ 40 yuan. A. in; at B. on; for C. at; on D. at; for 5.Happiness itself is different for everyone, ______ people explain it in different ways. A. until B. so C. unless D. though 6.It is not easy to change habits, ______ with hard work and self-control, you can make it. A. or B. but C. and D. so Ⅴ. 句子翻译 1.科学家们正在关注海洋污染问题。 Scientists are __________________________ ocean pollution. 2.早餐为我们提供能量。 Breakfast provides __________________________. 3.沙漠对鸟来说不是一个友好的环境。 The desert is not ______________________ birds. 4.不少动物以这些植物的叶子为食。 ______________________ animals ______________________ the plants' leaves. 答案： Ⅰ.1.wildlife's 2.systems 3.noisy 4.causes Ⅱ.1.sandy 2.topics 3.actually 4.weekly 5.likely Ⅲ.1.and 2.and 3.or 4.but 5.so 6.and 7.or 8.but 9.so 10.or 11.or Ⅳ.1 - 6 BCDDBB Ⅴ.1.paying attention to 2.us with energy/energy for us 3.a friendly environment for 4.Quite a few; feed on 能力提升 一、完形填空 阅读短文，从每题 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个能填入文章中相应空白处的最佳答案。 Greenland is 1 largest island in the world. It is in the northeast of North America. Near Greenland is 2 island. It is small. 3 name is Iceland. Do you think that Greenland is 4 and warm? Do you think that Iceland is white with ice? If you do, you are 5 . Not many people live on the big island of Greenland. There 6 more people in your hometown than in all of Greenland. That is 7 Greenland is not green. Greenland is 8 . Most of Greenland is covered 9 lots of ice. The ice covering Greenland is 10 than the world’s tallest building. What 11 Iceland? Is it colder than Greenland? No, it is not. Iceland has ice, but not so much ice 12 Greenland. Iceland has a lot of hot springs (泉). They give out hot 13 and steam. The weather is not as 14 as that in Greenland. And there are a lot more people 15 in Iceland. 1．A．a B．an C．/ D．the 2．A．other B．others C．another D．the other. 3．A．It B．Its C．It’s D．Itself 4．A．Blue B．white C．green D．yellow 5．A．wrong B．clever C．right D．bright 6．A．must B．are C．is D．be. 7．A．because B．why C．reason D．so 8．A．yellow B．brown C．blue D．white 9．A．with B．of C．at D．about 10．A．more high B．high C．highest D．higher 11．A．of B．in C．about D．on 12．A．as B．like C．than D．Then 13．A．water B．rain C．snow D．sand 14．A．hotter B．colder C．warm D．cold 15．A．live B．living C．lives D．lived 二、阅读理解 Moonlight shines in the clear blue sky, Reflecting the twinkling stars in my eyes. Gentle breeze floats through the ________, Sweeping through my curly hair. Sweet music laps gently to my ears, As my eyes glitter with my tears. Aye, what a beautiful sight that is, With my thoughts so lost in the mist. I sit alone by the sea, Enjoying the silence surrounding me. Soon after I leave the place, As the dark clouds fill up the space. Then comes the pouring rain, Reaching for the shelter is my aim. Goodbye silence, goodbye fear, To home I return that is so near. Mini-dictionary; 1. reflect/riˈflekt/  v. 反射    2. twinkle /ˈtwinkl/ v. 闪烁   3. breeze/bri:z/ n. 微风 4. lap/læp/ v. 拍打   5. glitter /ˈglitə/ v. 闪烁    6. mist /mist/ n. 薄雾 7. surround /səˈraʊnd/ v. 围绕   8. shelter /ʃeltə/ n. 庇护(处)   16．How did the writer feel in the poem? A．Very happy. B．Very excited. C．A bit sad. D．A bit angry. 17．Which of the following words can we put in the blank in Line 3? A．air B．pair C．care D．wear 18．The writer left the place in the end because ________. A．he was tired B．he felt cold C．it got dark D．it started to rain Where can you see auroras (极光)? Iceland? The North Pole? Actually, early this December, sky lovers in cities as south as Beijing could see them, too. They enjoyed the colored lights in the night sky. Auroras come about because of the special activities of the Sun. The Sun sends out very small particles (粒子) all the time. But sometimes, it becomes more active and lets out more. The particles travel in space like a wind. When they come near Earth, they go around it. This is because the magnetic field (磁场) of Earth “protects” us from the “Wind”. At the North and South Poles, however, some particles may get in and meet with Earth’s air. Then, the particles get “excited” and have a “dance” with the air. So, we can see the moving auroras in the sky. When the “wind” is strong enough, the auroras can cover larger areas. While we feel wowed by the beautiful lights, we often ask, “Do auroras hurt us?” The answer is no. Auroras don’t hurt people’s health. But for astronauts (宇航员) in space, they need to use special ways to protect themselves from them, said Xinhua. For example, they won’t go on spacewalks when there are “sun storms”. Also, the particle storms may stop some satellites (卫星) from working, so they may bring trouble to the GPS on our smartphones. 19．Where are small particles from? A．The Sun. B．The North Pole. C．The South Pole. D．Seas. 20．How do auroras form? A．The Sun sends out active particles. B．Particles from the Sun “dance” with the air on Earth. C．The strong wind helps them travel in space. D．The magnetic field of Earth changed small particles. 21．What can we learn about “sun storms” from the last paragraph? A．“Sun storms” will kill astronauts. B．People can enjoy “sun storms” in the night sky. C．“Sun storms” can stop GPS work well. D．“Sun storms” will cause more sun activities. 22．Where can we probably read this passage? A．In a storybook. B．In a science book. C．In a diary. D．In a comic book. 三、任务型阅读 Chishan Lake Wetland Park is in Anhui Province. It has become home to many different kinds of birds because of its good environment. Every year, a lot of tourists go there to watch the birds. Do you know how to watch the birds? The following advice will help you.   Birdwatchers enjoy looking for and listening to different kinds of birds. To watch the birds, all you need is a pair of binoculars, a field guide and love for birds. When you are ready, it’s best to go to the wild with some experienced (有经验的) people. You can join a birdwatching group to learn about some skills. Start birdwatching in the morning when birds are searching for food. Most of the time, you will hear bird calls from all around you, but you will not see any birds easily. Look for movement in trees, and bring your binoculars to your eyes to see more clearly. The most important work for a birdwatcher is to identify (识别) the birds. A bird’s shape, size, colour and habits can help a birdwatcher identify it. When you identify a bird, don’t forget to take notes about it on your notebook. When watching the birds, you should always keep in mind: respect (尊重) wildlife and protect its living areas. 根据上面短文的内容回答问题（每小题答案不超过6个单词）。 23．Why has Chishan Lake Wetland Park become home to many different kinds of birds? 24．Do you need a pair of binoculars, a field guide and love for birds to watch birds? 25．When do you start birdwatching in the morning? 26．What’s the most important work for a birdwatcher? 27．What’s the main idea of the passage? 答案：1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．A 10．D 11．C 12．A 13．A 14．D 15．B 16．C 17．A 18．D 19．A 20．B 21．C 22．B 23．Because of its good environment./ Because it has good environment. 24．Yes, we/I do. /Yes. 25．When birds are searching for food. 26．To identify the birds. 27．How to watch the birds./How to go birdwatching. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $