专题04 Unit10-12 知识清单（重点单词、词汇拓展、课文填空、重点短语、重点句子、语法、写作）2025-2026学年人教版英语九年级上学期期末复习

Unit10-12 知识清单 Unit10 一．重点单词 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. custom n. 风俗；习俗 2. relaxed adj. 放松的；自在的 3. value v. 重视；珍视 n. 价值 4. capital n. 首都；国都 5. mad adj. 很生气；疯的 6. effort n.努力；尽力 7. passport n. 护照 8. northern adj. 北方的；北部的 9. season n. 季；季节 10. knock v. 敲；击 n. 敲击声；敲击 11. eastern adj. 东方的；东部的 12. worth adj. 值得；有…价值（的） 13. manner n. 方式；方法 (pl.) 礼貌；礼仪 14. empty adj. 空的；空洞的 15. basic adj. 基本的；基础的 16. exchange n. & v. 交换 17. teenage adj. 十几岁的；青少年的 18. behave v. 表现；举止 19. except prep. 除…之外 20. gradually adv. 逐步地；渐进地 21. suggestion n. 建议 二．词汇拓展 1.relax v. 使...放松→ relaxing adj.令...放松的→ relaxed adj.感到放松的 2.value v. 重视；珍视 / n. 价值 → valuable adj. 珍贵的 3.mad adj. 生气的，疯的 → madness n. 疯狂，狂怒 4.north n. 北方 → northern adj. 北方的 south n. 南方→ southern adj. 南方的 east n. 东方 → eastern adj. 东方的 west n. 西方 → western adj. 西方的 5.coast n.海岸；海滨 →coastal adj.沿海的，滨海的 → coastline n. 海岸线 6. basic adj. 基本的，基础的 → basically adv. 基本上，大致说来 7. teenage adj. 十几岁的，青少年的 → teenager n.青少年 8. granddaughter n.(外)孙女→ grandson n.孙子 9. behave v. 表现，举止→ behavior n. 行为，举止 10.gradually adv. 逐步地，渐渐地→ gradual adj. 逐渐的，逐步的 11.suggestion n.(可数名词) 建议 → suggest v.建议 advice n. (不可数名词) 建议 → advise v. 建议 三．课文填空 根据3a对话内容改编 People in different countries have different ways of doing things. In Colombia, they are pretty 1.__________(relax) about time.They don’t mind 2._________people are a little late. They like to enjoy their time 3.___________(slow). However, in Switzerland, it’s important 4.__________(be) on time. If someone invites you to meet him or her at noon, you 5.____________(expect) to be there at noon. They think it’s 6.___________(polite) to keep others 7.__________(wait). In Colombia, they often drop 8.__________ their friends’ homes if they have time. They don’t usually make plans to meet their friends. So they often walk around the town center, seeing as many of their friends as they can. But in Switzerland, people never visit a friend’s house 9.____________ calling first. They almost always make plans to see friends. They usually plan 10.________ (do) something interesting, or go somewhere together. 1.relaxed 2.if 3.slowly 4. to be 5.are expected 6.impolite 7.waiting 8.by 9.without 10.to do 根据2b阅读内容改编 Lin Yue is having a great time on her student exchange program in France. At first, she was a little nervous. 1.___________, Her host family is very nice. The grandmother actually learned how 2.___________ (make) Chinese food for her. The granddaughter always talks to her to help her practice French. So she’s comfortable 3.___________ (speak) French now. Her 4.___________ (big) challenge is learning how to behave at the dinner table. For example, in France,you’re supposed to put the bread on the table instead of your plate. What else, you’re not expected to eat 5___________ (something) with your hands except bread. You have to cut it up and eat it 6.___________ a fork. Another example is that it’s 7.___________ (polite) to say you’re full. You should say “That was delicious.”instead. Also you’re not supposed to put your 8.___________ (elbow) on the table. She finds it difficult 9.___________ (remember) everything, but she’s 10._____________ (gradual) getting used to it. 1.However 2.to make3. speaking 4.biggest 6.anything6.with 7.impolite 8.elbows 9.to remember 10.gradually 四．重点短语 1. be supposed to do　被期望做；应该做 2. shake hands　握手 3. to one's surprise　使某人惊讶的是 4. be relaxed about　对……感到放松 5. after all　毕竟；终归 6. invite sb. to do sth.　邀请某人做某事 7. get mad　大动肝火；气愤 8. keep sb. doing sth.　使某人一直做某事 9. make plans to do sth.　制订计划做某事 10. drop by　顺便访问；随便进入 11. clean sth. off　把某物擦掉 12. take off　脱下(衣服)；(飞机等)起飞 13. make some mistakes　犯一些错误 14. be worth　值得 15. as…as possible　尽可能…… 16. eat with one's hands　用某人的手吃饭 17. stick sth. into…　将某物插入…… 18. point at sb. with sth.　用某物指着某人 19. at the table　在餐桌旁 20. thanks for…　为……感谢 21. because of　由于；因为 22. be different from…　与……不同 23. get used to　习惯于 24. cut up　切碎 25. find it difficult to do sth.　发现做某事难 26. make sb. feel at home　使某人感到宾至如归 27. look forward to doing sth.　期望做某事 28. show up　露面；出现 29. be no reason to do 不存在做……的理由 五．重点句子 1. “在你们国家，你们初次见到某人时应该怎么做？”“你们应该握手。” —In your country, what are you supposed to do when you meet someone for the first time? —You're supposed to shake hands. 2. 在瑞士，准时很重要。In Switzerland, it's very important to be on time. 3. 我认为让别人一直等是不礼貌的。I think it's impolite to keep others waiting. 4. 我应该穿牛仔裤吗？Am I supposed to wear jeans? 5. 下课后，学生应该把黑板擦干净。 After class, students are supposed to clean the chalk off the blackboard. 6. ……我一伸出手时，他就鞠躬。…and as soon as I held out my hand, he bowed. 7. 在我们那个地方，我们的时间观念比较随意。Where I'm from, we're pretty relaxed about time. 8. 我们经常只是在市中心闲逛，尽可能多地见到我们的朋友！ We often just walk around the town center, seeing as many of our friends as we can! 9. 在印度，你应该用手吃饭。In India, you're supposed to eat with your hands. 10. 在中国，你不应该把筷子插在食物里。 In China, you're not supposed to stick your chopsticks into the food. 11. 在中国，用筷子敲空碗是不礼貌的。 In China, it's impolite to use your chopsticks to hit an empty bowl. 12. 你可以想象，(这里的)餐桌礼仪和国内的十分不同。 As you can imagine, things are very different from the way they are at home. 13. 另一个例子是你不应该用手吃面包以外的任何东西，即使是水果也不行。 Another example is that you're not supposed to eat anything with your hands except bread, not even fruit. 14. 他们竭力使我感到宾至如归。They go out of their way to make me feel at home. 15. 现在我法语说得很轻松。 I'm very comfortable speaking French now. 六、重点语法 (一)be supposed to的用法 be supposed to do sth.意为“应该做某事”，其中to为不定式符号，后跟动词原形，可与should do sth.互换，两者多用于口语中。也可等同于ought to do sth.，但使用较少，多用于正式文体中。 be supposed to... 意为“应该……,理应……”，它可以用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任，或按约定，规则理应去做某事，相当于情态动词should。 eg: Teachers are supposed to treat all the students alike.师应该对所有的学生一视同仁。 The train was supposed to arrive half an hour ago.火车本应在半小时之前到达。 be supposed to的否定结构为be not supposed to，常用于口语中，意为“不被许可；不应当”。 eg: You are not supposed to smoke on the bus.你不应该在公共汽车上吸烟。 (二) be expected to 的用法 be expected to 意为“预计；预料”，用来表示预料之中会发生的事，也可意为“应该”，to是动词不定式符号，后接动词原形。 eg: It is expected to have a meeting next Friday.预计下周五将会有一个会议。 They are expected to be here the day after tomorrow.他们应该后天到这里。 (三)It＋be＋adj.＋to do sth.句型 It＋be＋adj.＋to do sth.意为“做某事是……的”，it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式(短语)。因动词不定式(短语)作主语较长，而谓语部分相对较短，用it代替后就避免了“头重脚轻”的现象。 eg: I think it's important to sleep eight hours a night. 我认为每晚睡8个小时是很重要的。 表示“对某人来说做某事是……的。”用句型“It＋be＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth.”； 表示“某人做某事真是太……了。”用句型“It＋be＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth.” 其中sb.为动词不定式to do sth.的逻辑主语。二者的具体用法为： It＋be＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth. 此句型中的形容词为描述事物特征的词，如difficult, important, easy, hard，necessary, possible, dangerous, impossible等，是说明动词不定式的 It＋be＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth. 此句型中的形容词为描述人物品质及性格特征的词，如clever, foolish, good，kind, nice, polite等，用来说明of后的sb. 七、写作 （北京中考）假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Chris对中国文化很感兴趣，他给你发来邮件，询问中国人日常生活中的基本社交礼仪，如待人接物、餐桌礼仪等。请你用英语回复一封邮件，介绍你所知道的相关礼仪。 提示词语：manners，shake hands,polite，gift，chopsticks 提示问题：• What do we do when we meet people for the first time? •How do we behave properly at table? 要求：根据所给提示，完成一篇不少于80词的英语文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。 【范文欣赏】 Dear Chris, I'm glad to know that you're interested in Chinese social manners.China is a country with a long history, so there are many customs here. Let me tell you some of them. Firstly, you are supposed to shake hands when you meet someone for the first time. Secondly, you should bring a gift when you are invited to a party and be sure to arrive on time or a few minutes earlier. Thirdly, when you eat meals with others, it's impolite to point at others with your chopsticks or stick your chopsticks into the food. And don't make noise while eating. I hope the above is helpful. Please feel free to ask for more information. Yours, Li Hua Unit11 一．重点单词 1. rather adv. 相当；而是；反而；相反 2. drive v. 迫使；驾驶 3. lately adv. 最近；不久前 4. friendship n. 友谊；友情 5. power n. 权利；力量 6. fame n. 名声；声誉 7. examine v（.仔细地）检查；检验 8. nor conj. & adv. 也不 9. wealth n. 财富；富裕 10. uncomfortable adj. 使人不舒服的；令人不舒适的 11. weight n. 重量；分量 12. shoulder n. 肩；肩膀 13. kick v. 踢；踹 14. besides adv. 而且 15. courage n. 勇敢；勇气 16. pull v. 拉；拖 17. relief n. 轻松；解脱 18. nod v. 点头 19. agreement n. （意见或看法）一致；同意 20. fault n. 过失；缺点 21. disappoint v. 使失望 二．词汇拓展 1.examine(v.检查;检测)→examination(n.检查;检测) 2.power(n.权利;力量)→powerful(adj.有权势的;有影响力的) 3.wealth(n.财富)→wealthy(adj.富裕的) 4.comfortable(adj使人舒服的)→comfortably(adv.舒服地)→uncomfortable(adj使人不舒服的)→uncomfortably(adv.不舒服地) 5.weigh(v.称重量)→weight(n.重量;分量) 6.agree (v.同意)→agreement[n. (意见或看法)一致;同意]→(反义词) disagreement (n.不同意) 7.disappoint(v.使失望)→disappointed(ad. 失望的)→disappointing(adj 令人失望的)→ disappointment(n.失望;令人失望的人或事) 8.bank(n.银行)→banker(n.银行家) 9.pull (v.拉) → push(反义词)(v.推) 三．课文填空 根据3a阅读内容改编 Long time ago, there lived 1._________ unhappy king. He couldn't sleep 2. ________ (good) and didn't feel like 3.__________ (eat) anything. His face looked 4.________ pale that his queen and people worried about him very much. They called in a doctor 5.___________(examine)the king. To their surprise, there was 6.___________ (something) wrong with his body. Neither medicine 7.__________ rest can help the king.” said the doctor, “8.__________ he need is a shirt of a happy man.”Besides the king, his prime minister, banker and singer weren't happy, either.They all had their own worries. Finally, the king's top general 9. __________ (tell) to go out and find a happy man in three 10. __________(day) time. 1.an 2.well 3.eating 4. so 5.to examine 6.nothing 7.nor 8.What 9.was told 10.days ’ 根据2b阅读内容改编 Peter felt like there was a heavy weight on his shoulders as he walked home alone. His mind would not stop thinking about what happened only just 1._________ ( worry) that his coach might kick him off the team. As soon as he walked 2._________ the door, his father asked him if there was something with him because he didn’t look well. Peter replied that he had lost the game and then he went into his bedroom. After ten minutes, Peter heard his father knocking on his bedroom door. He opened the door 3._________ (let) his father in. His father said, “Soccer is about team effort. You’re not the only reason your team lost. If you have a good team, you should support each other. Besides, winning or 4._________ ( lose) is only half the game. The other half is learning how to communicate with your teammates and learning from your mistakes. Peter didn’t say 5.___________( something), but what his father said made him think 6._________( care). The next day, Peter went to soccer practice with courage rather than fear in his heart. He said to his teammates that 7._________ they continued to pull together, they would win the next one. To his surprise and relief, all of them nodded in 8._________ (agree). All of them said that it was never just one person’s fault. They should think about how they could do 9.____________ ( well) next time. Peter smiled and it made him feel 10.___________ (luck) to know that he was on a winning team. 1.worried 2. through 3.to let 4.losing 5.anything 6.carefully 7.if 8.agreement 9.better10.lucky 四．重点短语 1. a long time ago 很久以前 2. feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 3. be friends with sb. 成为某人的朋友 4. leave out忽略；不提及；不包括 5. drive sb. crazy /mad 使人发疯/发狂 6. to start with 起初；开始时 7. in one's mind 在某人心里 8. make sb. happy 使某人高兴 9. be worried about doing sth. 担心做某事 10. would rather do sth.宁愿做某事 11. in three days’ time 在三天之内 12. prime minister 首相；大臣 13. neither … nor… 既不……也不 14. get to know sb. 开始了解某人 15. have a lot in common 有许多共同之处 16. call in 召来；叫来 17. hand back 归还 18. find nothing wrong with 发现……没有毛病 19. take one’s position 取代某人的位置 20. be followed by sb. 被某人跟随 21. the more… the more… 越……越…… 22. let… down 使……失望 23. kick sb. off开除某人 24. rather than 而不是 = instead of 25. be hard on sb. 对某人苛刻；对某人要求严厉 26. search for 搜寻 27. pull together齐心协力；通力合作 28. keep one's eyes on 用眼睛盯着看 29. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 30. think about 思考，考虑 31. miss doing sth. 错过做某事 32. because of 由于，因为 33. knock on 敲（门） 34. let sb. in 让某人进来 35. communicate with …与……交流 =talk to /with 36. learn from… 向…..学习 37. in agreement 意见一致 38. be close to 接近 39. to one's surprise and relief 使某人吃惊和轻松的是 40. make sb. do sth.使某人做某事 五．重点句子 1. 医生发现他的身体没有问题。The doctor found nothing wrong with his body. 2. 他睡不好,不想吃东西。He slept badly and didn't feel like eating. 3. 药物和休息都帮不了他。Neither medicine nor rest can help him. 4. 虽然我有很多权力，它却并不能使我开心。Although I have a lot of power, it doesn't make me happy. 5. 我总是担心失去我的权力。I'm always worried about losing my power. 6. 我宁愿去蓝色海洋(餐厅)，因为我喜欢吃饭的时候听安静的音乐。 I'd rather go to Blue Ocean because I like to listen to quiet music while I'm eating. 7. 我越了解朱莉，就越意识到我们之间有很多共同之处。 The more I got to know Julie, the more I realize that we have a lot in common. 8. 他让整支队伍失望了。He had let his whole team down. 9. 他打开门让他进来。He opened the door to let him in. 10. 你不是你们队失败的唯一原因。You're not the only reason your team lost. 11. 另一半是学习怎样和你的队友沟通并从错误中吸取教训。 The other half is learning how to communicate with your teammates and learning from your mistakes. 12. 第二天，彼得心中没有害怕而是勇敢地去参加了足球训练。 The next day, Peter went to soccer practice with courage rather than fear in his heart. 13. 如果我们继续齐心协力，我们会赢下一场比赛的。 If we continue to pull together, we're going to win the next one. 14. 使他吃惊和轻松的是，他的所有队友都赞同地点头。 To his surprise and relief, his teammates all nodded in agreement. 15. 他怎么没把球射进呢？How could he have missed scoring that goal? 6、 重点语法 make的使役用法 make作为及物动词，有一种特殊用法，即“使役用法”，在表示“使某人/某物做什么/怎么样”时，其后除了要有一个“宾语”之外，还要求宾语后面带上一个宾语补足语，整个句子才算完整，这种“宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构是英语简单句的五种基本句型之一，其具体用法如下： 1．“make＋名词/代词＋形容词(短语)”意为“使某人/某物(感到)……”。make是谓语动词，名词/代词是make的宾语，后面的形容词(短语)在此作宾语补足语。如： Drinking coffee can make me energetic.喝咖啡能让我充满活力。  2.“make＋名词/代词＋动词原形”意为“使某人/某物做某事”，此处的动词原形是省略to的不定式，也作宾补。如： Cloudy days make me want to sleep.多云的天气使我想睡觉。 The teacher made her copy the whole text.老师让她抄写整篇课文。 【注意】如果将此类句型改为被动语态，主动语态中的宾补，即不带to的不定式，应改为带to的不定式作主语的补足语。如： The boss made him work for 15 hours a day.变为被动语态应为：He was made to work for 15 hours a day by the boss.  3.“make＋名词/代词＋名词(短语)”意为“使某人/某物(变成)……”，名词(短语)作宾补。如： We made him our monitor.我们选他当我们的班长。 4．“make＋宾语＋过去分词”意为“使某人/某事被……”。宾语补足语是过去分词时，宾语是过去分词的逻辑宾语，宾语与过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。如： We must make it done in two hours.我们必须在两个小时内做完这件事。 5．“make＋宾语＋现在分词”意为“使某人/某事一直……”。现在分词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。如： He makes the boy standing all the time.他让那个男孩一直站着。 6. make词组秀 make a mistake 犯错误 make a noise 吵闹；弄出噪声 make a promise 答应；许下诺言 make a shopping list 写一个购物单 make a telephone call 打电话 make friends with 与……交朋友 make a contribution to 贡献给；捐献 make a decision 作出决定 make a face 做鬼脸 make a living 谋生；维持生活 make fun of 取笑；嘲笑 make it 约定时间；做到；按时到达 make money 赚钱 make one’s bed 铺床；收拾床铺 make one’s way to 往……走 make out 证明；认出；填写 make room for 为……让地方 make sure 确信；务必；弄清楚 make up one’s mind 下定决心 make up 弥补；构成；编造 make ... into 把……变成 7、 写作 自从“双减”政策实施以来，我们学生有更多的空闲时间参与文娱、体育、艺术等方面的课外活动，这些活动为我们的生活增添了生机和活力。请以“After-school Activities Make My Life Colorful”为题，写一篇英语短文来介绍你参与的课外活动。 要点：1.介绍参与的1至2功课外活动 2.总结收获及感受 内容： 1.介绍你所参与的1至2项关于文娱、体育或艺术方面的课外活动； 2.谈一谈课外活动给你带来的收获及感受。 要求： 1. 文中不得出现真实姓名、校名或地名; 2. 语言通顺，意思连贯，书写工整； 3. 词数在80左右，短文开头已给出，不计入总词数。 【范文】 After-school Activities Make My Life Colorful Nowadays, we have more free time to take part in after-school activities. There are many different kinds of activities, such as art and sports. I joined a volleyball club last year. I get used to playing volleyball after school now. To start with, I've made lots of friends in the volleyball club and I never feel left out. We communicate with each other and pull together to win the volleyball games. Besides, the more I play volleyball, the healthier I am. Whether it is hot or cold, we never stop playing volleyball. Lastly, it's true that it makes me feel relaxed while playing volleyball. I would rather play volleyball than watch TV when I'm under pressure. All in all, after-school activities make my life colorful and meaningful. Unit12 一．重点单词 1. unexpected adj. 出乎意料的；始料未及的 2. backpack n. 背包；旅行包 3. oversleep v.睡过头；睡得太久 4. stare v. 盯着看；凝视 5. disbelief n. 不信；怀疑 6. above adv. 在上面；向上面 prep. 在...上面 7. burn v. 着火；燃烧 ；晒伤 8. alive adj. 活着的；有生气的 9. till conj. & prep. 到；直到…为止 10. fool n. 蠢人；傻瓜v.愚弄 11. costume n. （特定场合穿的）服装；装束 12. embarrassed adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；害羞的 13. announce v.宣布；宣告 14. discovery n. 发现；发觉 15. lady n. 女士；女子 16. cancel v. 取消；终止 17. officer n.军官；官员 18. believable adj.可相信的；可信任的 19. disappear v. 消失；不见 二．词汇拓展 1.expect (v.预料;期待)→expected (adj.预料的)→unexpected (adj.始料不及的)→unexpectedly(adv.出乎意料地) 2.luck(n.运气)→lucky(adj.幸运的)→luckily(adv,幸运地)→unluckily(adv.不幸地) 3.fool(n.傻瓜v.愚弄)→foolish(adj. 愚蠢的) 4.burn(v.燃烧) → burning(adj.着火的;燃烧的)→burned(adj.烧焦的;烧伤的) 5.embarrass(v.使窘迫)→ embarrassed(adj. 窘迫的)→ embarrassing(adj. 使人害羞的)→ embarrassment(n.尴尬;窘迫) 6.announce(v.宣布)→announcement(n.通告) 7.discover(v.发现)→discovery(n.发现)→discoverer(n.发现者) 8.believe(v.相信) → believable(adj.可相信的)→unbelievable(adj. 难以置信的) 9.belief(n.信心)→disbelief(n.不信;怀疑) 10.office(n.办公室)→officer(n.军官;官员)→official(adj.正式的;官方的n.官员;要员) 三．课文填空 根据3a课文内容改编 I think I am a lucky person.Do you know why? After reading my story, maybe you can know the answer. In 2001, I worked at the World Trade Center in New York. 1.____________ the morning of September 11th, before going into my building, I decided to get a coffee first. I went to my favorite coffee place which was two 2.____________(block) east from my office. When I was waiting in line with other office workers, I heard 3._________ loud sound. Before we realized what had happened, the first plane 4.____________(hit) my office building. We stared in 5.____________(belief) at the black smoke rising above the burning building. I felt lucky to be 6.___________(live). Another story happened 10 years later. On February 21, 2011, I 7.____________(plan) to take the plane to New Zealand 8.____________(spend) my holiday. However, I woke up late that morning because my alarm didn’t go off. By the time I got to the airport, my plane had already taken off. The other planes were full 9.____________ I had to wait till the next day. I thought I had real bad luck. The next morning, I heard about the earthquake in New Zealand the day before.My bad luck had 10. ____________(unexpected) turned into a good thing. 1.On 2.blocks 3.a 4.had hit 5.disbelief 6.alive 7.planned 8.to spend 9.so 10. unexpectedly 根据2b阅读内容改编 1._______ history, there were many famous tricks in different countries around the world. One April Fool’s Day, a reporter in England announced that there 2.____________(be) no more spaghetti. So many people ran to the local supermarkets to buy as much spaghetti as they could. By the time they realized they 3.________________(fool), the spaghetti across the country had been sold out. Another TV show reported the 4.___________(discover) of special water, 5._____________ could help people lose weight. By the end of the day, more than 10,000 people had phoned the TV station 6._____________(find) out how to get the water. Many jokes didn’t end up 7._____________(be) very funny. A famous star asked his girl friend to marry him in his show. 8.__________, when she said yes, he replied,”April Fool!” At last, the star lost both his girlfriend and his show. One of the world’s most famous 9._____________(trick) happened in October in 1938. Actor Orson Welles announced that aliens from Mars had landed on the earth. He described where they had landed and 10._____________ they were moving across the US. He made it so real that hundreds of people believed the story. People were so scared that they left their homes. 1.In 2.would be 3.had been fooled 4.discovery 5.which 6.to find 7.being 8.However 9.tricks 10.how 四．重点短语 1. give… a lift 捎…..一程 2. go off （闹钟）发出响声 3. at least 至少 4. wait in line 排队等候 5. in disbelief 怀疑，不信 6. be about to do sth. 即将做某事 7. by the time 在……以前 8. jump out of bed 从床上跳起来 9. wake up 醒来 10. even though 即使 11. keep doing sth, 一直做某事 12. by the end of… 在（某时间点）以前 13. show up赶到；露面 14. take off （飞机等）起飞；匆忙离开；脱下 15. five minutes late for class 上课迟到五分钟 16. leave …at home 把……落在家里 17. rush out of the door 冲出门 18. turn into… 变成…… 19. think to oneself 心理想某人 20. lose weight 减肥 21. stop doing sth, 停止做某事 22. play tricks /jokes on sb. 和某人开玩笑 23. stay up 熬夜 24. sell out 卖光 25. sth. happen(s) to sb. 某事发生在某人身上 26. end up doing sth. 以做某事而告终 27. rather than 而不是 28. thousands of 数以千计的 29. so … that... 如此……以至于 30. get dressed 穿好衣服 31. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 32. take place 发生 33. run away 逃跑 34. as…as sb. can 某人尽可能…… 35. run out of 用光；耗尽 36. hand in 上交 37. work on 从事干 38. turn around 转身；掉头 五．重点句子 1. 当我到达学校时，我意识到我把背包落在家里了。 When I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home. 2. 当我起床的时候，我弟弟已经在洗淋浴了。 By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower. 3. 当我返回学校时，铃已经响了。 By the time I got back to school, the bell had rung. 4. 当我走进教室时，老师已经开始讲课了。 By the time I walked into class, the teacher had already started teaching. 5. 我正要上楼时，决定先去买一杯咖啡。 I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first. 6. 当我到达晚会时， 其他的每个人都已经到了。 By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else had already showed up. 7. 在她得到一个向他告别的机会之前，他已经进入楼房了。 Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he had gone into the building. 8. 它是在每年的4月1日，这一天很多人相互开各种各样的玩笑。 It happens on April 1st every year and is a day when many people play all kinds of tricks and jokes on each other. 9. 韦尔斯使它听起来如此真实，以至于数以百计的人相信了这个故事，恐慌席卷全国。 Welles made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story, and fear spread across the whole country. 10. 等到警方宣布这个故事是一个恶作剧的时候，数以千计的人已经离开了他们的家园。 By the time police officers announced that the story was a hoax, thousands of people had left their homes. 11. 上周五晚上，我朋友邀请我参加他的生日晚会。 Last Friday night, my friend invited me to his birthday party. 12. 很多愚人节玩笑的结局可能并不是那么有趣。 Many April Fool's jokes may end up being not very funny. 13. 这位女士如此开心，因为地真的想要结婚。 The lady was so happy because she really wanted to get married. 六、重点语法 过去完成时 1．过去完成时的概念 过去完成时表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即表示“过去的过去”。 2．过去完成时的各种句式结构 过去完成时是由“助动词had＋动词的过去分词”构成的，had用于各种人称和数。 (1)肯定句：主语＋had＋动词的过去分词＋其他． (2)否定句：主语＋had＋not＋动词的过去分词＋其他． (3)一般疑问句：Had＋主语＋动词的过去分词＋其他？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语＋had. 否定回答：No，主语＋hadn't. (4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组＋一般疑问句(即：had＋主语＋动词的过去分词＋其他)? (5)被动语态：主语＋had (not)＋been＋动词的过去分词＋其他． 3．过去完成时的判断依据 (1)由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有by/by the end of/“before＋过去的时间点”/“by the time＋一般过去时从句”等。 (2)由“过去的过去”来判定 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： ①宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。 ②状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。 【注意】 before，after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主句、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主句、从句都用一般过去时。如： Where did you study before you came here？你来到这儿前在哪儿学习？ After he closed the door，he left the classroom.他关上门后就离开了教室。 (3)根据上下文来判定。 4．过去完成时的主要用法 (1)过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。 (2)过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。 (3)过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与already，yet，still，just，before，never等时间副词及 by，before，until等引导的短语或从句连用。 (4)过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到某一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。 【易混辨析】 过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 过去完成时与现在完成时的主要区别是时间的参照点不同：过去完成时的时间参照点是某个＂过去的＂时间；现在完成时的时间参照点是＂现在＂。因此现在完成时中的很多规则，也适用于过去完成时。 When I got to the cinema, the film had been on for five minutes. 当我到达电影院时，电影已演了五分钟了。 (got是一个过去的＂时间点＂，电影＂开始＂在我＂到达＂之前，是＂过去的过去＂。因为for five minutes为延续一段的时间状语，应用可延续的系表结构be on的过去完成时形式。） 【温馨提示】 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是＂过去的过去＂，只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它，因此当原句中若找不到一个＂过去的时间＂作为参照点时，是不能用过去完成时的。 He got to the railway station and suddenly realized that he had forgotten to bring his ticket. 他到了火车站后忽然意识到他竟忘记带车票了。（＂忘记＂这一动作在＂意识到＂这一动作之前。） 七、写作 假如你是林凯，请你根据下表中的内容提示，合理发挥想象，写一篇100词左右的英语桓文，描述一下发生在你身上的这些意外事件。 意外事件 结果 没听见闹钟响 睡过了头 到公共汽车站，车已经开走 上学迟到 忘带作业 回家取的路上被摩托车撞伤 【范文欣赏】 I will never forget what happened today. It was an unlucky day for me. I stayed up late last night. I was so sleepy that I didn't hear the alarm go off. I overslept. I didn't have breakfast and rushed out as quickly as I could. But when I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left. As a result, I was late for school. What was worse, by the time I walked into the classroom, I realized I had left my homework at home. I had to get it. Unluckily, on my way home, I was hit by a motorbike.I had a great pain in my arms and had to go to the hospital. What an unlucky day I had today! I will always remember the special day. $ Unit10-12 知识清单 Unit10 一．重点单词 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. n. 风俗；习俗 2. adj. 放松的；自在的 3. v. 重视；珍视 n. 价值 4. n. 首都；国都 5. adj. 很生气；疯的 6. n.努力；尽力 7. n. 护照 8. adj. 北方的；北部的 9. n. 季；季节 10. v. 敲；击 n. 敲击声；敲击 11. adj. 东方的；东部的 12. adj. 值得；有…价值（的） 13. n. 方式；方法 (pl.) 礼貌；礼仪 14. adj. 空的；空洞的 15. adj. 基本的；基础的 16. n. & v. 交换 17. adj. 十几岁的；青少年的 18. v. 表现；举止 19. prep. 除…之外 20. adv. 逐步地；渐进地 21. n. 建议 二．词汇拓展 1.relax v. 使...放松→ adj.令...放松的→ adj.感到放松的 2.value v. 重视；珍视 / n. 价值 → adj. 珍贵的 3.mad adj. 生气的，疯的 → n. 疯狂，狂怒 4.north n. 北方 → adj. 北方的 south n. 南方→ adj. 南方的 east n. 东方 → adj. 东方的 west n. 西方 → adj. 西方的 5.coast n.海岸；海滨 → adj.沿海的，滨海的 → n. 海岸线 6. basic adj. 基本的，基础的 → adv. 基本上，大致说来 7. teenage adj. 十几岁的，青少年的 → n.青少年 8. granddaughter n.(外)孙女→ n.孙子 9. behave v. 表现，举止→ n. 行为，举止 10.gradually adv. 逐步地，渐渐地→ adj. 逐渐的，逐步的 11.suggestion n.(可数名词) 建议 → v.建议 advice n. (不可数名词) 建议 → v. 建议 三．课文填空 根据3a对话内容改编 People in different countries have different ways of doing things. In Colombia, they are pretty 1.__________(relax) about time.They don’t mind 2._________people are a little late. They like to enjoy their time 3.___________(slow). However, in Switzerland, it’s important 4.__________(be) on time. If someone invites you to meet him or her at noon, you 5.____________(expect) to be there at noon. They think it’s 6.___________(polite) to keep others 7.__________(wait). In Colombia, they often drop 8.__________ their friends’ homes if they have time. They don’t usually make plans to meet their friends. So they often walk around the town center, seeing as many of their friends as they can. But in Switzerland, people never visit a friend’s house 9.____________ calling first. They almost always make plans to see friends. They usually plan 10.________ (do) something interesting, or go somewhere together. 根据2b阅读内容改编 Lin Yue is having a great time on her student exchange program in France. At first, she was a little nervous. 1.___________, Her host family is very nice. The grandmother actually learned how 2.___________ (make) Chinese food for her. The granddaughter always talks to her to help her practice French. So she’s comfortable 3.___________ (speak) French now. Her 4.___________ (big) challenge is learning how to behave at the dinner table. For example, in France,you’re supposed to put the bread on the table instead of your plate. What else, you’re not expected to eat 5___________ (something) with your hands except bread. You have to cut it up and eat it 6.___________ a fork. Another example is that it’s 7.___________ (polite) to say you’re full. You should say “That was delicious.”instead. Also you’re not supposed to put your 8.___________ (elbow) on the table. She finds it difficult 9.___________ (remember) everything, but she’s 10._____________ (gradual) getting used to it. 四．重点短语 1. be to do　被期望做；应该做 2. hands　握手 3. to one's 　使某人惊讶的是 4. be about　对……感到放松 5. all　毕竟；终归 6. sb. to do sth.　邀请某人做某事 7. get 　大动肝火；气愤 8. sb. doing sth.　使某人一直做某事 9. make to do sth.　制订计划做某事 10. by　顺便访问；随便进入 11. clean sth. 　把某物擦掉 12. take 　脱下(衣服)；(飞机等)起飞 13. make some 　犯一些错误 14. be 　值得 15. as…as 　尽可能…… 16. eat one's hands　用某人的手吃饭 17. sth. into…　将某物插入…… 18. at sb. with sth.　用某物指着某人 19. the table　在餐桌旁 20. for…　为……感谢 21. of　由于；因为 22. be from…　与……不同 23. get to　习惯于 24. cut 　切碎 25. find difficult to do sth.　发现做某事难 26. make sb. at home　使某人感到宾至如归 27. look to doing sth.　期望做某事 28. up　露面；出现 29. be no to do 不存在做……的理由 五．重点句子 1. “在你们国家，你们初次见到某人时应该怎么做？”“你们应该握手。” —In your country, what are you to do when you meet someone for the first time? —You're supposed to hands. 2. 在瑞士，准时很重要。In Switzerland, . 3. 我认为让别人一直等是不礼貌的。I think . 4. 我应该穿牛仔裤吗？Am I jeans? 5. 下课后，学生应该把黑板擦干净。 After class, students the chalk the blackboard. 6. ……我一伸出手时，他就鞠躬。…and my hand, he bowed. 7. 在我们那个地方，我们的时间观念比较随意。Where I'm from, we time. 8. 我们经常只是在市中心闲逛，尽可能多地见到我们的朋友！ We often just walk around the town center, ! 9. 在印度，你应该用手吃饭。In India, you . 10. 在中国，你不应该把筷子插在食物里。 In China, you the food. 11. 在中国，用筷子敲空碗是不礼貌的。 In China, . 12. 你可以想象，(这里的)餐桌礼仪和国内的十分不同。 As you can , things the way they are at home. 13. 另一个例子是你不应该用手吃面包以外的任何东西，即使是水果也不行。 Another example is that you your hands bread, not even fruit. 14. 他们竭力使我感到宾至如归。They go out of their way to . 15. 现在我法语说得很轻松。 I'm very French now. 六、重点语法 (一)be supposed to的用法 be supposed to do sth.意为“应该做某事”，其中to为不定式符号，后跟动词原形，可与should do sth.互换，两者多用于口语中。也可等同于ought to do sth.，但使用较少，多用于正式文体中。 be supposed to... 意为“应该……,理应……”，它可以用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任，或按约定，规则理应去做某事，相当于情态动词should。 eg: Teachers treat all the students alike.师应该对所有的学生一视同仁。 The train arrive half an hour ago.火车本应在半小时之前到达。 be supposed to的否定结构为be not supposed to，常用于口语中，意为“不被许可；不应当”。 eg: You are smoke on the bus.你不应该在公共汽车上吸烟。 (二) be expected to 的用法 be expected to 意为“预计；预料”，用来表示预料之中会发生的事，也可意为“应该”，to是动词不定式符号，后接动词原形。 eg: It have a meeting next Friday.预计下周五将会有一个会议。 They be here the day after tomorrow.他们应该后天到这里。 (三)It＋be＋adj.＋to do sth.句型 It＋be＋adj.＋to do sth.意为“做某事是……的”，it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式(短语)。因动词不定式(短语)作主语较长，而谓语部分相对较短，用it代替后就避免了“头重脚轻”的现象。 eg: I think eight hours a night. 我认为每晚睡8个小时是很重要的。 表示“对某人来说做某事是……的。”用句型“It＋be＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth.”； 表示“某人做某事真是太……了。”用句型“It＋be＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth.” 其中sb.为动词不定式to do sth.的逻辑主语。二者的具体用法为： It＋be＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth. 此句型中的形容词为描述事物特征的词，如difficult, important, easy, hard，necessary, possible, dangerous, impossible等，是说明动词不定式的 It＋be＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth. 此句型中的形容词为描述人物品质及性格特征的词，如clever, foolish, good，kind, nice, polite等，用来说明of后的sb. 七、写作 （北京中考）假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Chris对中国文化很感兴趣，他给你发来邮件，询问中国人日常生活中的基本社交礼仪，如待人接物、餐桌礼仪等。请你用英语回复一封邮件，介绍你所知道的相关礼仪。 提示词语：manners，shake hands,polite，gift，chopsticks 提示问题：• What do we do when we meet people for the first time? •How do we behave properly at table? 要求：根据所给提示，完成一篇不少于80词的英语文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。 【范文欣赏】 Dear Chris, Yours, Li Hua Unit11 一．重点单词 1. adv. 相当；而是；反而；相反 2. v. 迫使；驾驶 3. adv. 最近；不久前 4. n. 友谊；友情 5. n. 权利；力量 6. n. 名声；声誉 7. v（.仔细地）检查；检验 8. conj. & adv. 也不 9. n. 财富；富裕 10. adj. 使人不舒服的；令人不舒适的 11. n. 重量；分量 12. n. 肩；肩膀 13. v. 踢；踹 14. adv. 而且 15. n. 勇敢；勇气 16. v. 拉；拖 17. n. 轻松；解脱 18. v. 点头 19. n. （意见或看法）一致；同意 20. n. 过失；缺点 21. v. 使失望 二．词汇拓展 1.examine(v.检查;检测)→ (n.检查;检测) 2.power(n.权利;力量)→ (adj.有权势的;有影响力的) 3.wealth(n.财富)→ (adj.富裕的) 4.comfortable(adj使人舒服的)→ (adv.舒服地)→ (adj使人不舒服的) → (adv.不舒服地) 5.weigh(v.称重量)→ (n.重量;分量) 6.agree (v.同意)→ [n. (意见或看法)一致;同意]→(反义词) (n.不同意) 7.disappoint(v.使失望)→ (ad. 失望的)→ (adj 令人失望的)→ (n.失望;令人失望的人或事) 8.bank(n.银行)→ (n.银行家) 9.pull (v.拉) → (反义词)(v.推) 三．课文填空 根据3a阅读内容改编 Long time ago, there lived 1._________ unhappy king. He couldn't sleep 2. ________ (good) and didn't feel like 3.__________ (eat) anything. His face looked 4.________ pale that his queen and people worried about him very much. They called in a doctor 5.___________(examine)the king. To their surprise, there was 6.___________ (something) wrong with his body. Neither medicine 7.__________ rest can help the king.” said the doctor, “8.__________ he need is a shirt of a happy man.”Besides the king, his prime minister, banker and singer weren't happy, either.They all had their own worries. Finally, the king's top general 9. __________ (tell) to go out and find a happy man in three 10. __________(day) time. 根据2b阅读内容改编 Peter felt like there was a heavy weight on his shoulders as he walked home alone. His mind would not stop thinking about what happened only just 1._________ ( worry) that his coach might kick him off the team. As soon as he walked 2._________ the door, his father asked him if there was something with him because he didn’t look well. Peter replied that he had lost the game and then he went into his bedroom. After ten minutes, Peter heard his father knocking on his bedroom door. He opened the door 3._________ (let) his father in. His father said, “Soccer is about team effort. You’re not the only reason your team lost. If you have a good team, you should support each other. Besides, winning or 4._________ ( lose) is only half the game. The other half is learning how to communicate with your teammates and learning from your mistakes. Peter didn’t say 5.___________( something), but what his father said made him think 6._________( care). The next day, Peter went to soccer practice with courage rather than fear in his heart. He said to his teammates that 7._________ they continued to pull together, they would win the next one. To his surprise and relief, all of them nodded in 8._________ (agree). All of them said that it was never just one person’s fault. They should think about how they could do 9.____________ ( well) next time. Peter smiled and it made him feel 10.___________ (luck) to know that he was on a winning team. 四．重点短语 1. a long time 很久以前 2. feel doing sth. 想要做某事 3. be with sb. 成为某人的朋友 4. out忽略；不提及；不包括 5. drive sb. 使人发疯/发狂 6. to start 起初；开始时 7. in one's 在某人心里 8. sb. happy 使某人高兴 9. be about doing sth. 担心做某事 10. would do sth.宁愿做某事 11. three days’ time 在三天之内 12. minister 首相；大臣 13. … nor… 既不……也不 14. sb. 开始了解某人 15. have a lot in 有许多共同之处 16. call 召来；叫来 17. hand 归还 18. find wrong with 发现……没有毛病 19. take one’s 取代某人的位置 20. be by sb. 被某人跟随 21. the more… … 越……越…… 22. let… 使……失望 23. kick sb. 开除某人 24. than 而不是 = instead of 25. be on sb. 对某人苛刻；对某人要求严厉 26. for 搜寻 27. pull 齐心协力；通力合作 28. one's eyes on 用眼睛盯着看 29. doing sth. 停止做某事 30. about 思考，考虑 31. doing sth. 错过做某事 32. of 由于，因为 33. on 敲（门） 34. let sb. 让某人进来 35. with …与……交流 =talk to /with 36. from… 向…..学习 37. in 意见一致 38. be to 接近 39. to one's and relief 使某人吃惊和轻松的是 40. sb. do sth.使某人做某事 五．重点句子 1. 医生发现他的身体没有问题。The doctor found his body. 2. 他睡不好,不想吃东西。He and . 3. 药物和休息都帮不了他。 medicine rest can help him. 4. 虽然我有很多权力，它却并不能使我开心。 I have a lot of , it doesn't make me happy. 5. 我总是担心失去我的权力。I'm always my power. 6. 我宁愿去蓝色海洋(餐厅)，因为我喜欢吃饭的时候听安静的音乐。 I go to Blue Ocean because I like to listen to quiet music I'm eating. 7. 我越了解朱莉，就越意识到我们之间有很多共同之处。 I got to know Julie, I realize that we have a lot in . 8. 他让整支队伍失望了。He had his whole team . 9. 他打开门让他进来。He the door to let him . 10. 你不是你们队失败的唯一原因。You're not the only your team . 11. 另一半是学习怎样和你的队友沟通并从错误中吸取教训。 The other half is learning your teammates and learning from your . 12. 第二天，彼得心中没有害怕而是勇敢地去参加了足球训练。 The next day, Peter went to soccer with fear in his heart. 13. 如果我们继续齐心协力，我们会赢下一场比赛的。 If we to , we're going to win the next one. 14. 使他吃惊和轻松的是，他的所有队友都赞同地点头。 To his and , his teammates all nodded in . 15. 他怎么没把球射进呢？How could he have that goal? 6、 重点语法 make的使役用法 make作为及物动词，有一种特殊用法，即“使役用法”，在表示“使某人/某物做什么/怎么样”时，其后除了要有一个“宾语”之外，还要求宾语后面带上一个宾语补足语，整个句子才算完整，这种“宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构是英语简单句的五种基本句型之一，其具体用法如下： 1．“make＋名词/代词＋形容词(短语)”意为“使某人/某物(感到)……”。make是谓语动词，名词/代词是make的宾语，后面的形容词(短语)在此作宾语补足语。如： Drinking coffee can me .喝咖啡能让我充满活力。  2.“make＋名词/代词＋动词原形”意为“使某人/某物做某事”，此处的动词原形是省略to的不定式，也作宾补。如： Cloudy days me to sleep.多云的天气使我想睡觉。 The teacher her the whole text.老师让她抄写整篇课文。 【注意】如果将此类句型改为被动语态，主动语态中的宾补，即不带to的不定式，应改为带to的不定式作主语的补足语。如： The boss made him for 15 hours a day.变为被动语态应为：He was made work for 15 hours a day by the boss.  3.“make＋名词/代词＋名词(短语)”意为“使某人/某物(变成)……”，名词(短语)作宾补。如： We made him our .我们选他当我们的班长。 4．“make＋宾语＋过去分词”意为“使某人/某事被……”。宾语补足语是过去分词时，宾语是过去分词的逻辑宾语，宾语与过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。如： We must in two hours.我们必须在两个小时内做完这件事。 5．“make＋宾语＋现在分词”意为“使某人/某事一直……”。现在分词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。如： He makes the boy all the time.他让那个男孩一直站着。 6. make词组秀 make a 犯错误 make a 吵闹；弄出噪声 make a 答应；许下诺言 make a shopping 写一个购物单 make a telephone 打电话 make friends 与……交朋友 make a to 贡献给；捐献 make a 作出决定 make a 做鬼脸 make a 谋生；维持生活 make of 取笑；嘲笑 make 约定时间；做到；按时到达 make 赚钱 make one’s 铺床；收拾床铺 make one’s to 往……走 make 证明；认出；填写 make for 为……让地方 make 确信；务必；弄清楚 make up one’s 下定决心 make 弥补；构成；编造 make ... 把……变成 7、 写作 自从“双减”政策实施以来，我们学生有更多的空闲时间参与文娱、体育、艺术等方面的课外活动，这些活动为我们的生活增添了生机和活力。请以“After-school Activities Make My Life Colorful”为题，写一篇英语短文来介绍你参与的课外活动。 要点：1.介绍参与的1至2功课外活动 2.总结收获及感受 内容： 1.介绍你所参与的1至2项关于文娱、体育或艺术方面的课外活动； 2.谈一谈课外活动给你带来的收获及感受。 要求： 1. 文中不得出现真实姓名、校名或地名; 2. 语言通顺，意思连贯，书写工整； 3. 词数在80左右，短文开头已给出，不计入总词数。 【范文】 After-school Activities Make My Life Colorful Unit12 一．重点单词 1. adj. 出乎意料的；始料未及的 2. n. 背包；旅行包 3. v.睡过头；睡得太久 4. v. 盯着看；凝视 5. n. 不信；怀疑 6. adv. 在上面；向上面 prep. 在...上面 7. v. 着火；燃烧 ；晒伤 8. adj. 活着的；有生气的 9. conj. & prep. 到；直到…为止 10. n. 蠢人；傻瓜v.愚弄 11. n. （特定场合穿的）服装；装束 12. adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；害羞的 13. v.宣布；宣告 14. n. 发现；发觉 15. n. 女士；女子 16. v. 取消；终止 17. n.军官；官员 18. adj.可相信的；可信任的 19. v. 消失；不见 二．词汇拓展 1.expect (v.预料;期待)→ (adj.预料的)→ (adj.始料不及的)→ (adv.出乎意料地) 2.luck(n.运气)→ (adj.幸运的)→ (adv,幸运地)→ (adv.不幸地) 3.fool(n.傻瓜v.愚弄)→ (adj. 愚蠢的) 4.burn(v.燃烧) → (adj.着火的;燃烧的)→ (adj.烧焦的;烧伤的) 5.embarrass(v.使窘迫)→ (adj. 窘迫的)→ (adj. 使人害羞的)→ (n.尴尬;窘迫) 6.announce(v.宣布)→ (n.通告) 7.discover(v.发现)→ (n.发现)→ (n.发现者) 8.believe(v.相信) → (adj.可相信的)→ (adj. 难以置信的) 9.belief(n.信心)→ (n.不信;怀疑) 10.office(n.办公室)→ (n.军官;官员)→ (adj.正式的;官方的n.官员;要员) 三．课文填空 根据3a课文内容改编 I think I am a lucky person.Do you know why? After reading my story, maybe you can know the answer. In 2001, I worked at the World Trade Center in New York. 1.____________ the morning of September 11th, before going into my building, I decided to get a coffee first. I went to my favorite coffee place which was two 2.____________(block) east from my office. When I was waiting in line with other office workers, I heard 3._________ loud sound. Before we realized what had happened, the first plane 4.____________(hit) my office building. We stared in 5.____________(belief) at the black smoke rising above the burning building. I felt lucky to be 6.___________(live). Another story happened 10 years later. On February 21, 2011, I 7.____________(plan) to take the plane to New Zealand 8.____________(spend) my holiday. However, I woke up late that morning because my alarm didn’t go off. By the time I got to the airport, my plane had already taken off. The other planes were full 9.____________ I had to wait till the next day. I thought I had real bad luck. The next morning, I heard about the earthquake in New Zealand the day before.My bad luck had 10. ____________(unexpected) turned into a good thing. 根据2b阅读内容改编 1._______ history, there were many famous tricks in different countries around the world. One April Fool’s Day, a reporter in England announced that there 2.____________(be) no more spaghetti. So many people ran to the local supermarkets to buy as much spaghetti as they could. By the time they realized they 3.________________(fool), the spaghetti across the country had been sold out. Another TV show reported the 4.___________(discover) of special water, 5._____________ could help people lose weight. By the end of the day, more than 10,000 people had phoned the TV station 6._____________(find) out how to get the water. Many jokes didn’t end up 7._____________(be) very funny. A famous star asked his girl friend to marry him in his show. 8.__________, when she said yes, he replied,”April Fool!” At last, the star lost both his girlfriend and his show. One of the world’s most famous 9._____________(trick) happened in October in 1938. Actor Orson Welles announced that aliens from Mars had landed on the earth. He described where they had landed and 10._____________ they were moving across the US. He made it so real that hundreds of people believed the story. People were so scared that they left their homes. 四．重点短语 1. give… a 捎…..一程 2. go （闹钟）发出响声 3. at 至少 4. in line 排队等候 5. in 怀疑，不信 6. be to do sth. 即将做某事 7. the time 在……以前 8. out of bed 从床上跳起来 9. up 醒来 10. even 即使 11. doing sth, 一直做某事 12. the end of… 在（某时间点）以前 13. up赶到；露面 14. take （飞机等）起飞；匆忙离开；脱下 15. five minutes for class 上课迟到五分钟 16. …at home 把……落在家里 17. out of the door 冲出门 18. turn … 变成…… 19. to oneself 心理想某人 20. lose 减肥 21. stop sth, 停止做某事 22. play /jokes on sb. 和某人开玩笑 23. up 熬夜 24. out 卖光 25. sth. (s) to sb. 某事发生在某人身上 26. end doing sth. 以做某事而告终 27. than 而不是 28. of 数以千计的 29. so … ... 如此……以至于 30. get 穿好衣服 31. sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 32. place 发生 33. run 逃跑 34. as…as sb. 某人尽可能…… 35. out of 用光；耗尽 36. hand 上交 37. on 从事干 38. turn 转身；掉头 五．重点句子 1. 当我到达学校时，我意识到我把背包落在家里了。 When I got to school, I that I had my backpack at home. 2. 当我起床的时候，我弟弟已经在洗淋浴了。 the time I got up, my brother had already in the shower. 3. 当我返回学校时，铃已经响了。 the time I got to school, the bell had . 4. 当我走进教室时，老师已经开始讲课了。 By the time I walked class, the teacher had already started . 5. 我正要上楼时，决定先去买一杯咖啡。 I was about go up when I to get a coffee first. 6. 当我到达晚会时， 其他的每个人都已经到了。 By the time I at the party, everyone else had already up. 7. 在她得到一个向他告别的机会之前，他已经进入楼房了。 Before she got a to say goodbye, he had into the building. 8. 它是在每年的4月1日，这一天很多人相互开各种各样的玩笑。 It on April 1st every year and is a day when many people play all kinds of and jokes on each other. 9. 韦尔斯使它听起来如此真实，以至于数以百计的人相信了这个故事，恐慌席卷全国。 Welles made it sound real of people the story, and fear spread across the whole country. 10. 等到警方宣布这个故事是一个恶作剧的时候，数以千计的人已经离开了他们的家园。 By the time police officers that the story was a hoax, thousands of people had their homes. 11. 上周五晚上，我朋友邀请我参加他的生日晚会。 Last Friday night, my friend me to his birthday party. 12. 很多愚人节玩笑的结局可能并不是那么有趣。 Many April Fool's jokes not very . 13. 这位女士如此开心，因为地真的想要结婚。 The lady was so happy she really wanted to get . 六、重点语法 过去完成时 1．过去完成时的概念 过去完成时表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即表示“过去的过去”。 2．过去完成时的各种句式结构 过去完成时是由“助动词had＋动词的过去分词”构成的，had用于各种人称和数。 (1)肯定句：主语＋had＋动词的过去分词＋其他． (2)否定句：主语＋had＋not＋动词的过去分词＋其他． (3)一般疑问句：Had＋主语＋动词的过去分词＋其他？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语＋had. 否定回答：No，主语＋hadn't. (4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组＋一般疑问句(即：had＋主语＋动词的过去分词＋其他)? (5)被动语态：主语＋had (not)＋been＋动词的过去分词＋其他． 3．过去完成时的判断依据 (1)由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有by/by the end of/“before＋过去的时间点”/“by the time＋一般过去时从句”等。 (2)由“过去的过去”来判定 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： ①宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。 ②状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。 【注意】 before，after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主句、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主句、从句都用一般过去时。如： Where did you study before you came here？你来到这儿前在哪儿学习？ After he closed the door，he left the classroom.他关上门后就离开了教室。 (3)根据上下文来判定。 4．过去完成时的主要用法 (1)过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。 (2)过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。 (3)过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与already，yet，still，just，before，never等时间副词及 by，before，until等引导的短语或从句连用。 (4)过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到某一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。 【易混辨析】 过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 过去完成时与现在完成时的主要区别是时间的参照点不同：过去完成时的时间参照点是某个＂过去的＂时间；现在完成时的时间参照点是＂现在＂。因此现在完成时中的很多规则，也适用于过去完成时。 When I got to the cinema, the film had been on for five minutes. 当我到达电影院时，电影已演了五分钟了。 (got是一个过去的＂时间点＂，电影＂开始＂在我＂到达＂之前，是＂过去的过去＂。因为for five minutes为延续一段的时间状语，应用可延续的系表结构be on的过去完成时形式。） 【温馨提示】 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是＂过去的过去＂，只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它，因此当原句中若找不到一个＂过去的时间＂作为参照点时，是不能用过去完成时的。 He got to the railway station and suddenly realized that he had forgotten to bring his ticket. 他到了火车站后忽然意识到他竟忘记带车票了。（＂忘记＂这一动作在＂意识到＂这一动作之前。） 七、写作 假如你是林凯，请你根据下表中的内容提示，合理发挥想象，写一篇100词左右的英语桓文，描述一下发生在你身上的这些意外事件。 意外事件 结果 没听见闹钟响 睡过了头 到公共汽车站，车已经开走 上学迟到 忘带作业 回家取的路上被摩托车撞伤 【范文欣赏】 I will never forget what happened today. It was an unlucky day for me. What an unlucky day I had today! I will always remember the special day. $