专题05 Unit13-14 知识清单（重点单词、词汇拓展、课文填空、重点短语、重点句子、语法、写作）2025-2026学年人教版英语九年级上学期期末复习

该初中英语Unit13-14知识清单系统覆盖环境保护与毕业感恩主题，涵盖重点单词、词汇拓展、课文填空、短语、句子、语法及写作模块，为学生搭建从词汇积累、语法梳理到阅读巩固再到写作应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过词汇拓展表呈现词形变化（如harm-harmful），语法部分分时态语态详解（如现在完成时与被动语态结构），课文填空结合阅读语境巩固知识，写作提供发言稿范文及结构指导（如用Firstly等连接词）。设计体现语言能力培养（词汇语法应用）、思维品质提升（语法逻辑梳理），助力学生自主复习，教师可据此高效备课检测。

Unit13-14 知识清单 Unit13 一．重点单词 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. v. 乱扔 n. 垃圾；废弃物 2. n. 底部；最下部 3. n. 渔民；钓鱼的人 4. adj. 丑陋的；难看的 5. n. 优点；有利条件 6. v. 花费 7. adj. 木制的；木头的 8. adj. 塑料的 n. 塑料；塑胶 9. adj. 残酷的；残忍的 10. adj. 有害的 11. n. 工业；行业 12. n. 法律；法规 13. adj. 科学上的；科学的 14. v. 承担得起（后果）；买得起 15. adj.可重复使用的；可再次使用的 16. v. 回收利用；再利用 17. n. 负责人；主席；总统 18. n. 灵感； 鼓舞人心的人（或事物） 19. n. 金属 20. n. 创造力；创造性 二．词汇拓展 1.advantage (n.优点；有利条件)→ (n.缺点；不利条件) 2.wood (n.木头)→ ( adj.木头的；木制的) 3.harm(v.& n.伤害；损害)→ (adj.有害的) 4.science (n.科学)→ ( adj.科学上的；科学的)→ (n. 科学家) 5.reuse（v.重复使用)→ (adj.可重复使用的) 6.transport（v.& n.运输）→ (n.运输业；交通运输) 7.inspire (v.激励；鼓舞)→ (n.灵感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物）)→ (adj.鼓舞人心的；有激励作用的)→ (adj. 品质优秀的；能力卓越的) 8. create (v.创造；创建)→ (adj.有创造力的)→ (n.创造力:独创性 → (n.创者)→ (n.创造;作品) 9.cost (v.花费n.花费;价钱)→ (过去式)law n.法律;法规 → (过去分词)  10.law (n.法律;法规)→ (n.律师)  11. pollute (v. 污染)---- (n. 污染) 12. protect (v. 保护)---- (n. 保护) 13. solve (v. 解决;处理)---- (n. 解决方法) 14.important ( adj. 重要的)---- (n. 重要性) 15. environment (n. 环境)---- ( adj. 环境的) 16. electric (adj. 电的;电动的;导电的)---- (n. 电) 17. use (n.&v. 用途;使用)---- (adj. 有用的) --- (adj. 无用的) 18. reuse (v. 再利用)--- (adj. 可再使用的) 19. danger (n. 危险:危险物)---- (adj. 危险的)---- (adj. 濒危的) 三．课文填空 根据3a课文内容改编 When people catch sharks, they cut off their fins and throw the sharks back into the ocean. This is not only cruel, but also 1.______________(harm) to the environment. 2._________ a fin, a shark no longer swim and slowly dies. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the 3.___________(ocean) ecosystem. If 4.___________ (they) numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life. Many believe that sharks can never be endangered because they are 5.______________ (strong) in their food chain. But in fact, around 70 million sharks 6._____________ (catch) and traded in this industry every year. The numbers of sharks have fallen by 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years. So we must protect the sharks. 7.______________ (environment) protection groups are set up around the world. They even ask governments to develop laws 8._______________ (stop) the sale of shark fins. So far, no scientific studies 9.______________ (show) that shark fins are good for health. So 10._____________ do we eat them? Let’s help save the sharks! 根据2b阅读内容改编 Nothing is 1.________ waste if you have a creative mind. Here are three creative people who put wastes to good use. Amy Hayes is a most 2.___________(usual) woman. She lives in a house in the UK that she built 3.___________(her) out of rubbish. The windows and doors come from old buildings around here town that 4.______________(pull) down. The top of the house is an old boat turned upside down. And the gate in front of her house is made of rocks and old glass bottles. Jessica Wong from Hong Kong is good at 5.___________(recycle) too. She uses old clothes that people don’t wear anymore to make bags. She has been doing this for a few years. She not only opened a small shop to sell her bags, 6.___________ set up a website to sell them online. Wang Tao is known 7.___________ using iron and other materials from old cars to make beautiful art pieces. Some are large pieces 8.___________ look like animals or humans, and some are smaller pieces you can put at home. The more popular 9.___________(work) can be seen in art shops in Shanghai. Wang Tao hopes 10.___________(set) up a “metal art” theme park to show people the importance of environmental protection. 四．重点短语 1. be of充满 2. … into… 把……扔到……里 3. be good … 对……有益 4. cut 割掉；砍掉 5. be to… 对……有害 6. at the of 在……顶部或顶端 8. of 听说 9. cut 减少 10. air 空气污染 11. of 代替，而不是 12. make a 起作用 13. to 导致 14. part in 参加 15. the of… ……的数量 16. as就像，例如 17. so 迄今为止 18. in 处于危险中 19. turn 关掉 20. take 采取行动 21. pay 付费；付出代价 22. in 事实上 23. to do sth.承担得起做某事 24. a part in 参与 25. … into… 把…..变成 26. down 上下颠倒；倒转 27. pull 拆下；摧毁 28. put sth. to good 好好利用某物 29. back恢复；使想起；归还 30. not … anymore 不再 = 31. … out of … 用……修建…… 32. be of … 由……制成 33. up建立，建起 34. be for 因…..著名 35. protection 环境保护 36. not … but ... 不仅…..而且 37. the of.... ...…的重要性 38. happiness to...把幸福带给…... 39. think 考虑 五．重点句子 1. 为了减少空气污染，我们应该乘公共汽车或地铁而不是开车。 To cut air pollution, we should the bus or subway of driving. 2. 如果我们不做一些事情来阻止鲨鱼鳍的销售，总有一天鲨鱼会消失的。 Sharks may one day if we don't do to stop the sale of shark fins. 3. 你可以通过离开房间时关灯来节约电能。 You can save by turning the lights when you a room. 4. 这个城镇里的每个人都应该参与清洁河流。 Everyone in this town should cleaning it up! 5. 是的，我以前能在天空中看见星星。 Yes, I stars in the sky. 6. 它有益于健康，而且不花费任何东西。 health and it doesn’t anything! 7. 因此，我们齐心协力就能带来变化，创造更加美好的未来！ So together, our can and lead to a better future! 8. 是的，我们等不起了，要马上采取行动。 Yes, we can’t to wait to take ! 9. 在过去的二十到三十年里，一些种类的鲨鱼数量下降了90%。 The of some kinds of sharks have by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years. 10. 你经常扔掉你不再需要的东西吗？ Do you often things you don't need ? 11. 如果你有创造性的头脑，没有东西是废弃物。 is a if you have a creative . 12. 埃米不是唯一擅长回收利用的人。 Amy isn't the only one is good at . 13. 艺术不仅能给他人带来快乐，它也表明只要有一点创造力，即便是冷硬的钢铁，也能充满生机。 can the art happiness to others, but it also shows even cold, hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity. 14. 你也许从未听说过艾米·海斯，但是她的确是一位极不寻常的女士。 You have probably never of Amy Hayes, but she is a most woman. 15. 她住在英国，房子是她自己用废弃物建造而成。 She lives in a house in the UK she built herself of rubbish. 16. 你曾经想过这些东西如何能被很好地利用吗? Have you ever about how these things can actually be to good ？ 六、重点语法 动词的时态 根据最新教学大纲规定，初中阶段要求学生必须掌握的动词时态包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时及现在完成时。 1.一般现在时 一般现在时表示现阶段经常发生的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态和客观真理，常用的时间状语有often，usually，always，sometimes，every day(week，month)等。如： He usually to school by bike.他通常骑自行车上学。 The sun from the east.太阳从东方升起。 【注意】在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。如： If you go soon，you'll be late.如果你不快点去，你将会迟到的。 You eat anything until you see the doctor.看医生之前你不能吃东西。 2.一般过去时 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常用的时间状语有yesterday，ago，last night(week，month)，just now，in 2000等。如： It heavily last night.昨天晚上雪下得很大。 It very cold yesterday.昨天非常冷。 3.一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用的时间状语有tomorrow，next week(year，month)，in two days等。如：  Mr.Wu teach us English this term.这学期吴老师将教我们英语。  I go to my hometown next week.下周我要回老家。 【注意】(1)“be going to＋动词原形”表示即将发生某事或者打算、计划要做某事。如： I'm going to my homework this evening.我打算今天晚上做作业。 (2)come，go，start，move，leave等动词常用进行时态表示按计划将要发生的事。如：  The whole family's for two months.全家将要去两个月。  They are for Beijing tomorrow.他们明天动身去北京。 4.现在进行时 现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，常用的时间状语有now，at this moment等或句首有提示词look，listen等。如： I'm a book now.我现在正在读一本书。 Look! They are football on the playground.看！他们正在操场上踢足球。 5.过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，常用时间状语有at this(that) time yesterday，at nine o'clock yesterday等。如： They were in class this time yesterday.昨天这个时候他们正在上课。 I drawing a horse when the teacher came in.老师进来时，我正在画一匹马。 6.现在完成时 现在完成时表示过去发生的某个动作对现在造成的影响和结果，或表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。常与already，never，ever，just，yet等时间状语或these days，for two years，“since＋过去时态”等连用。如： I have already the photos.我已经把这些照片寄出去了。 He has at this school since 2000.他从2000年起一直在这所学校任教。 7、 写作 假设你叫李文，是无锡阳光中学(Wuxi Sunshine MiddleSchoo1)的一名学生。今年暑期，你将代表你校赴瑞士参加“模拟联合国”会议并作发言，此次会议主题是“A Greener World”。你草拟了发言流程图，请根据下图写一篇英文发言稿。 How I go green. (lights;showers;bags... What China has done. (factories;new energy...) Introduce myself. (name;school; age...) 注意事项： 1.发言稿须根据流程图自拟，要求语句通顺、意思连贯、符合题意； 2.流程图中括号部分非限定性内容，仅供参考； 3.词数在100左右； 4.发言稿中不得使用真实的个人及学校信息。 【范文欣赏】 Good morning, everyone! My name is Li Wen. I am 15 years old. I'm studying at Wuxi Sunshine Middle School. Unit14 一．重点单词 1. n. 调查 2. n. 标准；水平 3. n. 一排；一列；一行 4. n. 方法；措施 5. n. 指示；命令 6. v. 加倍；是…的两倍 adj. 两倍的；加倍的 7. v. 将要；将会 8. v. 克服；战胜 9. v. 毕业；获得学位 n.毕业生 10. adj. 体贴人的；关心他人的 11. adj. 级别（或地位）高的 12. n. 水平 13. n（.大学）学位； 度数；程度14. n. 经理；经营者 15. n. 先生；绅士 16. n. 典礼；仪式 17. v. 祝贺 18. adj. 口渴的； 渴望的 19. adj. 感谢；感激 20. adv. 最后 21. n. 任务；工作 22. adv. 向前面；在前面 23. adj. 承担责任的；有责任心的 24. adj. 单独的； 分离的 v. 分开；分离 25. n. 翅膀；翼 二．词汇拓展 1.instruction( n.指示;命令)→ 　(v.指示;命令)  2.overcome (v.克服;战胜)→ (过去式/过去分词) → 　(现在分词)  3.caring (adj.体贴人的;关心他人的)→ 　(n.& v.照料;保护;小心) → 　(adj.小心的;细致的;精心的;慎重的)  4.manager( n.经理;经营者)→ 　 (v.管理;经营)→  (n.管理;经营)  5.congratulate (v.祝贺)→ 　 ( n.祝贺;恭贺;贺词)  6.thirsty (adj.渴望的;口渴的)→ 　(n.口渴;渴望)→ 　(adv.口渴地)  7.thankful (adj.感谢;感激)→ (v.感谢;谢谢)  8.separate (adj.单独的;分离的v.分开;分离)→ (n.分开;分离)  9.excitement (n.兴奋）→ (adj. 令人兴奋的） → (adj.使某人兴奋的） 10.graduate (v. 毕业 n. 毕业生)→ ( n.毕业) 11.responsible (adj.有责任心的)→ (n.责任) 12.patient (adj.有耐心的) → (adj.没有耐心的) → (n.耐心) → (adv.耐心地) 13.fail (v. 失败) → (n.失败) 三．课文填空 Looking back at these past three years, I remember many things, Trying to be on time for morning 1.__________(read). Running when the lunch bell rings. I remember the 2.____________(excite) Of the school sports day each year. The many long hours of training, Pride of overcoming fear.I remember 3.__________(start) day one .The 4.__________(shy) in my whole class. Never speaking to anyone And think I would not pass.Then 5._________(slow) I made some new friends To remember forever. Helping each other with homework Getting better together. Preparing for art festivals And making 6.______great big mess. Having fun at New Year’s parties, Wishing everyone the best.We have learned a different language, That is from a foreign land, English brings many challenges. We work hard 7.__________(understand) , And now it’s time to graduate, We will leave our lovely school. I can’t believe it 8.________ (be) three years, I am tying to keep my cool. 9.__________ it’s difficult not to cry, I’ll miss the school trees and flowers And our kind and caring teachers, Wonderful memories of 10._________(we). 根据2b阅读内容改编 The headmaster of No.3 Junior High School gives a speech in the graduation ceremony. First of all, he 1._____________(congratulate) all the students here. He remembers meeting all of them when they’re just starting Grade 7 at this school. They were full of energy and thirsty 2.___________ knowledge. Although some of them were a little difficult to deal with , now they are talented young adults full of the hope for the future. Second, the headmaster hopes the students will remember the important people in their 3.___________(life) who helped and supported them—their parents，their teachers and their friends. The students should consider 4.___________ they’ve done for them and never fail 5.___________(be) thankful to the people around them. Lastly, the head teacher tells the students that life in senior high school will be 6.___________ (hard) and they have many difficult tasks ahead 7.___________ them. They’ll make mistakes along the way, but the key is to learn from mistakes and never give up. But along with difficulties, there are also many exciting things waiting for them. They need to choose 8.___________(wise) and be responsible for their decisions and actions. The headteacher hopes that in a few 9.___________(year) time, they 10.__________(come) back to visit their school. As they set out on your new journey, they shouldn’t forget where they came from. 四．重点短语 1. in a 连续几次地 2. look at 回首；回忆；回顾 3. make a 弄得一团糟(一塌糊涂) 4. one's cool 沉住气；保持冷静 5. high (school) 高中 6. help sb. with a 帮助某人解决问题 7. meet the 符合标准 8. doing sth. 记得做过某事 9. take a 休息 10. be with 对……有耐心 11. sb. to do sth. 指导某人做某事 12. sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事 13. for art festivals 为艺术节做准备 14. no 无论，不管 15. look to doing sth. 期待做某事 16. in 信任；信赖 17. first of 首先 18. be for 渴望；渴求 19. be to sb. 对某人心存感激 20. be for 对……有责任；负责任 21. the graduation ceremony 参加毕业典礼 22. with 处理 23. the last three years 在过去的三年里 24. to do sth. 做某事失败 25. of 在……前面 26. with 连同；除…..以外还 27. make one’s 作出选择 28. set 出发；启程 29. from 分离；隔开 五．重点句子 1. 我知道李老师在数学课上对你（们）很有耐心。 I know that Ms. Lee was always you in math class. 2. 不管它们有多难，她都能帮助你让你自己算出答案。 She helped you to work the answers yourself difficult they were. 3. 自从你上初中以来，你有怎样的变化？ How have you since you junior high school? 4. 我期待升入高中。 I to senior high school. 5. 因为她，我付出了更多的努力，我的考试分数翻倍提高。 of her, I in more effort and my exam scores . 6. 我努力让自己保持淡然。 I my cool. 7. 我记得在七年级的时候见过你们所有人。 I all of you in Grade 7. 8. 谢谢你们今天来参加第三中学的毕业典礼。 Thank you for today to the graduation ceremony at No. 3 Junior High School. 9. 当你们刚刚开始在这所学校上七年级的时候，我记得见过你们所有人。 I all of you when you were just starting Grade 7 at this school. 10. 你们成长了许多，我为你们自豪。 You've all up so much and I'm so of you. 11. 你们一路上会犯错误，但关键是从错误中学习并且永不放弃。 You'll make along the way, but the key is to learn from your and never give . 12. 但是除了困难以外，也会有许多令人兴奋的事情在等着你们。 But with , there will also be many things waiting for you. 13. 永远不要忘记对你周围的人抱有感恩之心。 Never to be to the people around you. 六、重点语法 动词的语态 被动语态是指主语是动作的承受者。常考的动词的被动语态主要有： 1.一般现在时的被动语态 由“am/is/are＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。如： Computers made in the USA.计算机是在美国被制造的。 Our classroom cleaned every day.我们的教室每天都被打扫。 2.一般过去时的被动语态 由“was/were＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。如： This park built in 1999.这个公园建造于1999年。 Last year many trees and flowers planted in our school.去年我们学校种植了许多树和花。 3.一般将来时的被动语态 由“will be＋动词的过去分词”构成。如： The classroom cleaned by Li Lei tomorrow.明天李磊将打扫教室。 The homework finished in ten minutes.作业将在10分钟内完成。 4.现在完成时的被动语态 由“has/have been＋动词的过去分词”构成。 如： The dirty clothes .这些脏衣服都已经洗了。 The child care of by her all these years.这些年来，这个孩子都由她照顾。 5.含有情态动词的被动语态 其结构为：情态动词＋be＋及物动词的过去分词。如： The young trees in spring.应该在春天植树。 My homework in one hour today.今天我的家庭作业可以在一个小时内完成。 七、写作 初中三年的学习生活让人难忘，毕业之际，你校将举行“感恩”为主题的英文演讲比赛，请你根据以下提示，写一篇英文演讲稿。 要点提示： 1.感谢父母，教我如何生活，…… 2.感谢老师，教我许多知识，… 3.感谢同学，给我美好回忆，… 写作要求： 1.词数100左右，开头和结尾已给出（不计入总词数）； 2.可适当增减词汇，使语句流畅、完整； 3.文中不能透露个人真实信息。 【范文欣赏】 That's all. Thank you. $ Unit13-14 知识清单 Unit13 一．重点单词 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. litter v. 乱扔 n. 垃圾；废弃物 2. bottom n. 底部；最下部 3. fisherman n. 渔民；钓鱼的人 4. ugly adj. 丑陋的；难看的 5. advantage n. 优点；有利条件 6. cost v. 花费 7. wooden adj. 木制的；木头的 8. plastic adj. 塑料的 n. 塑料；塑胶 9. cruel adj. 残酷的；残忍的 10. harmful adj. 有害的 11. industry n. 工业；行业 12. law n. 法律；法规 13. scientific adj. 科学上的；科学的 14. afford v. 承担得起（后果）；买得起 15. reusable adj.可重复使用的；可再次使用的 16. recycle v. 回收利用；再利用 17. president n. 负责人；主席；总统 18. inspiration n. 灵感； 鼓舞人心的人（或事物） 19. metal n. 金属 20. creativity n. 创造力；创造性 二．词汇拓展 1.advantage (n.优点；有利条件)→disadvantage(n.缺点；不利条件) 2.wood (n.木头)→wooden ( adj.木头的；木制的) 3.harm(v.& n.伤害；损害)→harmful(adj.有害的) 4.science (n.科学)→scientific ( adj.科学上的；科学的)→scientist (n. 科学家) 5.reuse（v.重复使用)→ reusable (adj.可重复使用的) 6.transport（v.& n.运输）→ transportation (n.运输业；交通运输) 7.inspire (v.激励；鼓舞)→inspiration (n.灵感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物）)→inspiring (adj.鼓舞人心的；有激励作用的)→inspired (adj. 品质优秀的；能力卓越的) 8. create (v.创造；创建)→creative(adj.有创造力的)→creativity(n.创造力:独创性) → creator(n.创者)→ creation(n.创造;作品) 9.cost (v.花费n.花费;价钱)→cost(过去式)law n.法律;法规 →cost (过去分词)  10.law (n.法律;法规)→lawyer(n.律师)  11. pollute (v. 污染)---- pollution (n. 污染) 12. protect (v. 保护)----protection (n. 保护) 13. solve (v. 解决;处理)----solution (n. 解决方法) 14.important ( adj. 重要的)----importance (n. 重要性) 15. environment (n. 环境)----environmental ( adj. 环境的) 16. electric (adj. 电的;电动的;导电的)----electricity (n. 电) 17. use (n.&v. 用途;使用)----useful (adj. 有用的) ---useless (adj. 无用的) 18. reuse (v. 再利用)---reusable (adj. 可再使用的) 19. danger (n. 危险:危险物)----dangerous (adj. 危险的)----endangered (adj. 濒危的) 三．课文填空 根据3a课文内容改编 When people catch sharks, they cut off their fins and throw the sharks back into the ocean. This is not only cruel, but also 1.______________(harm) to the environment. 2._________ a fin, a shark no longer swim and slowly dies. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the 3.___________(ocean) ecosystem. If 4.___________ (they) numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life. Many believe that sharks can never be endangered because they are 5.______________ (strong) in their food chain. But in fact, around 70 million sharks 6._____________ (catch) and traded in this industry every year. The numbers of sharks have fallen by 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years. So we must protect the sharks. 7.______________ (environment) protection groups are set up around the world. They even ask governments to develop laws 8._______________ (stop) the sale of shark fins. So far, no scientific studies 9.______________ (show) that shark fins are good for health. So 10._____________ do we eat them? Let’s help save the sharks! 1.harmful 2.Without 3. ocean’s 4.their 5.the strongest 6.are caught7.Environmental 8.to stop 9.have shown 10.why 根据2b阅读内容改编 Nothing is 1.________ waste if you have a creative mind. Here are three creative people who put wastes to good use. Amy Hayes is a most 2.___________(usual) woman. She lives in a house in the UK that she built 3.___________(her) out of rubbish. The windows and doors come from old buildings around here town that 4.______________(pull) down. The top of the house is an old boat turned upside down. And the gate in front of her house is made of rocks and old glass bottles. Jessica Wong from Hong Kong is good at 5.___________(recycle) too. She uses old clothes that people don’t wear anymore to make bags. She has been doing this for a few years. She not only opened a small shop to sell her bags, 6.___________ set up a website to sell them online. Wang Tao is known 7.___________ using iron and other materials from old cars to make beautiful art pieces. Some are large pieces 8.___________ look like animals or humans, and some are smaller pieces you can put at home. The more popular 9.___________(work) can be seen in art shops in Shanghai. Wang Tao hopes 10.___________(set) up a “metal art” theme park to show people the importance of environmental protection. 1.a 2.unusual 3.herself 4. were pulled 5.recycling 6.but 7.for 8.that/which 9.works10.to set 四．重点短语 1. be full of充满 2. throw… into… 把……扔到……里 3. be good for… 对……有益 4. cut off 割掉；砍掉 5. be harmful to… 对……有害 6. at the top of 在……顶部或顶端 8. hear of 听说 9. cut down 减少 10. air pollution 空气污染 11. instead of 代替，而不是 12. make a difference 起作用 13. lead to 导致 14. take part in 参加 15. the number of… ……的数量 16. such as就像，例如 17. so far迄今为止 18. in danger 处于危险中 19. turn off 关掉 20. take action 采取行动 21. pay for付费；付出代价 22. in fact事实上 23. afford to do sth.承担得起做某事 24. play a part in 参与 25. turn… into… 把…..变成 26. upside down 上下颠倒；倒转 27. pull down拆下；摧毁 28. put sth. to good use 好好利用某物 29. bring back恢复；使想起；归还 30. not … anymore 不再 =no more 31. build … out of … 用……修建…… 32. be made of … 由……制成 33. set up建立，建起 34. be known for 因…..著名 35. environmental protection 环境保护 36. not only… but also... 不仅…..而且 37. the importance of.... ...…的重要性 38. bring happiness to...把幸福带给…... 39. think about考虑 五．重点句子 1. 为了减少空气污染，我们应该乘公共汽车或地铁而不是开车。 To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving. 2. 如果我们不做一些事情来阻止鲨鱼鳍的销售，总有一天鲨鱼会消失的。 Sharks may disappear one day if we don't do something to stop the sale of shark fins. 3. 你可以通过离开房间时关灯来节约电能。 You can save electricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room. 4. 这个城镇里的每个人都应该参与清洁河流。 Everyone in this town should play a part in cleaning it up! 5. 是的，我以前能在天空中看见星星。 Yes, I used to be able to see stars in the sky. 6. 它有益于健康，而且不花费任何东西。 It’s good for health and it doesn’t cost anything! 7. 因此，我们齐心协力就能带来变化，创造更加美好的未来！ So together, our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future! 8. 是的，我们等不起了，要马上采取行动。 Yes, we can’t afford to wait any longer to take action! 9. 在过去的二十到三十年里，一些种类的鲨鱼数量下降了90%。 The numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years. 10. 你经常扔掉你不再需要的东西吗？ Do you often throw away things you don't need anymore? 11. 如果你有创造性的头脑，没有东西是废弃物。 Nothing is a waste if you have a creative mind. 12. 埃米不是唯一擅长回收利用的人。 Amy isn't the only one who is good at recycling. 13. 艺术不仅能给他人带来快乐，它也表明只要有一点创造力，即便是冷硬的钢铁，也能充满生机。 Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows even cold, hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity. 14. 你也许从未听说过艾米·海斯，但是她的确是一位极不寻常的女士。 You have probably never heard of Amy Hayes, but she is a most unusual woman. 15. 她住在英国，房子是她自己用废弃物建造而成。 She lives in a house in the UK that she built herself out of rubbish. 16. 你曾经想过这些东西如何能被很好地利用吗? Have you ever thought about how these things can actually be put to good use？ 六、重点语法 动词的时态 根据最新教学大纲规定，初中阶段要求学生必须掌握的动词时态包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时及现在完成时。 1.一般现在时 一般现在时表示现阶段经常发生的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态和客观真理，常用的时间状语有often，usually，always，sometimes，every day(week，month)等。如： He usually goes to school by bike.他通常骑自行车上学。 The sun rises from the east.太阳从东方升起。 【注意】在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。如： If you don't go soon，you'll be late.如果你不快点去，你将会迟到的。 You mustn't eat anything until you see the doctor.看医生之前你不能吃东西。 2.一般过去时 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常用的时间状语有yesterday，ago，last night(week，month)，just now，in 2000等。如： It snowed heavily last night.昨天晚上雪下得很大。 It was very cold yesterday.昨天非常冷。 3.一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用的时间状语有tomorrow，next week(year，month)，in two days等。如：  Mr.Wu will teach us English this term.这学期吴老师将教我们英语。  I will go to my hometown next week.下周我要回老家。 【注意】(1)“be going to＋动词原形”表示即将发生某事或者打算、计划要做某事。如： I'm going to do my homework this evening.我打算今天晚上做作业。 (2)come，go，start，move，leave等动词常用进行时态表示按计划将要发生的事。如：  The whole family's going for two months.全家将要去两个月。  They are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.他们明天动身去北京。 4.现在进行时 现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，常用的时间状语有now，at this moment等或句首有提示词look，listen等。如： I'm reading a book now.我现在正在读一本书。 Look! They are playing football on the playground.看！他们正在操场上踢足球。 5.过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，常用时间状语有at this(that) time yesterday，at nine o'clock yesterday等。如： They were working in class this time yesterday.昨天这个时候他们正在上课。 I was drawing a horse when the teacher came in.老师进来时，我正在画一匹马。 6.现在完成时 现在完成时表示过去发生的某个动作对现在造成的影响和结果，或表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。常与already，never，ever，just，yet等时间状语或these days，for two years，“since＋过去时态”等连用。如： I have already posted the photos.我已经把这些照片寄出去了。 He has taught at this school since 2000.他从2000年起一直在这所学校任教。 7、 写作 假设你叫李文，是无锡阳光中学(Wuxi Sunshine MiddleSchoo1)的一名学生。今年暑期，你将代表你校赴瑞士参加“模拟联合国”会议并作发言，此次会议主题是“A Greener World”。你草拟了发言流程图，请根据下图写一篇英文发言稿。 How I go green. (lights;showers;bags... What China has done. (factories;new energy...) Introduce myself. (name;school; age...) 注意事项： 1.发言稿须根据流程图自拟，要求语句通顺、意思连贯、符合题意； 2.流程图中括号部分非限定性内容，仅供参考； 3.词数在100左右； 4.发言稿中不得使用真实的个人及学校信息。 【范文欣赏】 Good morning, everyone! My name is Li Wen. I am 15 years old. I'm studying at Wuxi Sunshine Middle School. It's my great honor to give a speech on “A Greener World". We all hope we will have a green world. As for the Chinese government, it has done something to make it. For example, it has shut off many factories that are harmful to the environment! Besides, it chooses to use new energy. As a student, I can also do a lot to make the world green. Firstly, I always remember to turn off the lights when I leave the room. Secondly, I'll take shorter showers. Last but not least, I always take my own bags to go shopping. It is time for us to take action to make a greener world. Let's do something to make the world greener and greener. Unit14 一．重点单词 1. survey n. 调查 2. standard n. 标准；水平 3. row n. 一排；一列；一行 4. method n. 方法；措施 5. instruction n. 指示；命令 6. double v. 加倍；是…的两倍 adj. 两倍的；加倍的 7. shall v. 将要；将会 8. overcome v. 克服；战胜 9. graduate v. 毕业；获得学位 n.毕业生 10. caring adj. 体贴人的；关心他人的 11. senior adj. 级别（或地位）高的 12. level n. 水平 13. degree n（.大学）学位； 度数；程度 14. manager n. 经理；经营者 15. gentleman n. 先生；绅士 16. ceremony n. 典礼；仪式 17. congratulate v. 祝贺 18. thirsty adj. 口渴的； 渴望的 19. thankful adj. 感谢；感激 20. lastly adv. 最后 21. task n. 任务；工作 22. ahead adv. 向前面；在前面 23. responsible adj. 承担责任的；有责任心的 24. separate adj. 单独的； 分离的 v. 分开；分离 25. wing n. 翅膀；翼 二．词汇拓展 1.instruction( n.指示;命令)→instruct　(v.指示;命令)  2.overcome (v.克服;战胜)→overcame　/　overcome (过去式/过去分词) →overcoming　(现在分词)  3.caring (adj.体贴人的;关心他人的)→ care　(n.& v.照料;保护;小心) →careful　(adj.小心的;细致的;精心的;慎重的)  4.manager( n.经理;经营者)→manage　 (v.管理;经营)→ management (n.管理;经营)  5.congratulate (v.祝贺)→congratulation　 ( n.祝贺;恭贺;贺词)  6.thirsty (adj.渴望的;口渴的)→thirst　(n.口渴;渴望)→thirstily　(adv.口渴地)  7.thankful (adj.感谢;感激)→thank (v.感谢;谢谢)  8.separate (adj.单独的;分离的v.分开;分离)→separation (n.分开;分离)  9.excitement (n.兴奋）→exciting (adj. 令人兴奋的） →excited (adj.使某人兴奋的） 10.graduate (v. 毕业 n. 毕业生)→ graduation( n.毕业) 11.responsible (adj.有责任心的)→responsibility (n.责任) 12.patient (adj.有耐心的) → impatient (adj.没有耐心的) → patience (n.耐心) → patiently (adv.耐心地) 13.fail (v. 失败) → failure (n.失败) 三．课文填空 Looking back at these past three years, I remember many things, Trying to be on time for morning 1.__________(read). Running when the lunch bell rings. I remember the 2.____________(excite) Of the school sports day each year. The many long hours of training, Pride of overcoming fear.I remember 3.__________(start) day one .The 4.__________(shy) in my whole class. Never speaking to anyone And think I would not pass.Then 5._________(slow) I made some new friends To remember forever. Helping each other with homework Getting better together. Preparing for art festivals And making 6.______great big mess. Having fun at New Year’s parties, Wishing everyone the best.We have learned a different language, That is from a foreign land, English brings many challenges. We work hard 7.__________(understand) , And now it’s time to graduate, We will leave our lovely school. I can’t believe it 8.________ (be) three years, I am tying to keep my cool. 9.__________ it’s difficult not to cry, I’ll miss the school trees and flowers And our kind and caring teachers, Wonderful memories of 10._________(we). 1. reading 2.excitement 3.starting 4.shyest 5.slowly6.a 7.to understand 8.has been 9.But 10.ours 根据2b阅读内容改编 The headmaster of No.3 Junior High School gives a speech in the graduation ceremony. First of all, he 1._____________(congratulate) all the students here. He remembers meeting all of them when they’re just starting Grade 7 at this school. They were full of energy and thirsty 2.___________ knowledge. Although some of them were a little difficult to deal with , now they are talented young adults full of the hope for the future. Second, the headmaster hopes the students will remember the important people in their 3.___________(life) who helped and supported them—their parents，their teachers and their friends. The students should consider 4.___________ they’ve done for them and never fail 5.___________(be) thankful to the people around them. Lastly, the head teacher tells the students that life in senior high school will be 6.___________ (hard) and they have many difficult tasks ahead 7.___________ them. They’ll make mistakes along the way, but the key is to learn from mistakes and never give up. But along with difficulties, there are also many exciting things waiting for them. They need to choose 8.___________(wise) and be responsible for their decisions and actions. The headteacher hopes that in a few 9.___________(year) time, they 10.__________(come) back to visit their school. As they set out on your new journey, they shouldn’t forget where they came from. 1.congratulates 2.for 3.lives 4.what 5.to be 6.harder 7.of 8.wisely 9.years ’ 10.will come 四．重点短语 1. in a row 连续几次地 2. look back at 回首；回忆；回顾 3. make a mess弄得一团糟(一塌糊涂) 4. keep one's cool 沉住气；保持冷静 5. senior high (school) 高中 6. help sb. with a problem 帮助某人解决问题 7. meet the standards 符合标准 8. remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 9. take a break 休息 10. be patient with 对……有耐心 11. guide sb. to do sth. 指导某人做某事 12. explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事 13. prepare for art festivals 为艺术节做准备 14. no matter 无论，不管 15. look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事 16. believe in 信任；信赖 17. first of all 首先 18. be thirsty for 渴望；渴求 19. be thankful to sb. 对某人心存感激 20. be responsible for 对……有责任；负责任 21. attend the graduation ceremony 参加毕业典礼 22. deal with 处理 23. over the last three years 在过去的三年里 24. fail to do sth. 做某事失败 25. ahead of 在……前面 26. along with 连同；除…..以外还 27. make one’s choice 作出选择 28. set out出发；启程 29. separate from 分离；隔开 五．重点句子 1. 我知道李老师在数学课上对你（们）很有耐心。 I know that Ms. Lee was always patient with you in math class. 2. 不管它们有多难，她都能帮助你让你自己算出答案。 She helped you to work out the answers yourself no matter how difficult they were. 3. 自从你上初中以来，你有怎样的变化？ How have you changed since you started junior high school? 4. 我期待升入高中。 I'm looking forward to going to senior high school. 5. 因为她，我付出了更多的努力，我的考试分数翻倍提高。 Because of her, I put in more effort and my exam scores doubled. 6. 我努力让自己保持淡然。 I'm trying to keep my cool. 7. 我记得在七年级的时候见过你们所有人。 I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7. 8. 谢谢你们今天来参加第三中学的毕业典礼。 Thank you for coming today to attend the graduation ceremony at No. 3 Junior High School. 9. 当你们刚刚开始在这所学校上七年级的时候，我记得见过你们所有人。 I remember meeting all of you when you were just starting Grade 7 at this school. 10. 你们成长了许多，我为你们自豪。 You've all grown up so much and I'm so proud of you. 11. 你们一路上会犯错误，但关键是从错误中学习并且永不放弃。 You'll make mistakes along the way, but the key is to learn from your mistakes and never give up. 12. 但是除了困难以外，也会有许多令人兴奋的事情在等着你们。 But along with difficulties, there will also be many exciting things waiting for you. 13. 永远不要忘记对你周围的人抱有感恩之心。 Never fail to be thankful to the people around you. 六、重点语法 动词的语态 被动语态是指主语是动作的承受者。常考的动词的被动语态主要有： 1.一般现在时的被动语态 由“am/is/are＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。如： Computers are made in the USA.计算机是在美国被制造的。 Our classroom is cleaned every day.我们的教室每天都被打扫。 2.一般过去时的被动语态 由“was/were＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。如： This park was built in 1999.这个公园建造于1999年。 Last year many trees and flowers were planted in our school.去年我们学校种植了许多树和花。 3.一般将来时的被动语态 由“will be＋动词的过去分词”构成。如： The classroom will be cleaned by Li Lei tomorrow.明天李磊将打扫教室。 The homework will be finished in ten minutes.作业将在10分钟内完成。 4.现在完成时的被动语态 由“has/have been＋动词的过去分词”构成。 如： The dirty clothes have been washed.这些脏衣服都已经洗了。 The child has been taken care of by her all these years.这些年来，这个孩子都由她照顾。 5.含有情态动词的被动语态 其结构为：情态动词＋be＋及物动词的过去分词。如： The young trees should be planted in spring.应该在春天植树。 My homework can be finished in one hour today.今天我的家庭作业可以在一个小时内完成。 七、写作 初中三年的学习生活让人难忘，毕业之际，你校将举行“感恩”为主题的英文演讲比赛，请你根据以下提示，写一篇英文演讲稿。 要点提示： 1.感谢父母，教我如何生活，…… 2.感谢老师，教我许多知识，… 3.感谢同学，给我美好回忆，… 写作要求： 1.词数100左右，开头和结尾已给出（不计入总词数）； 2.可适当增减词汇，使语句流畅、完整； 3.文中不能透露个人真实信息。 【范文欣赏】 Good morning, everyone.I'm glad to be here to speak in front of you. Here I'd like to thank every one of you. Dear Dad and Mom, you've taken good care of me in the past three years. When I was in trouble, you used to encourage me and cheer me up. You taught me how to get on well with my classmates. Dear teachers, thank you for teaching me so well. I won't forget how interesting your lessons are" and how friendly you are. When I had trouble in life, you told me to be brave. Because of your help, I have made great progress. Dear classmates, you've helped me a lot in my studies since I came to this school. When I needed help, you were ready to give me some advice.I never forget the days when we studied together. Words can't show my thanks to you! I'll remember all of you. That's all. Thank you. $