专题02 Unit4-6 知识清单（重点单词、词汇拓展、课文填空、重点短语、重点句子、语法、写作）2025-2026学年人教版英语九年级上学期期末复习

该初中英语Unit4-6知识清单系统整合了词汇、语法、阅读、写作等核心内容，涵盖重点单词及拓展、课文语境应用、短语积累、句型操练、语法规则及写作范例六大知识范畴，搭建从基础词汇到语法应用再到语用输出的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类分级呈现知识体系，如词汇拓展以词形变化表（humor→humorous→humorously）构建网络，语法部分对比used to用法与被动语态（一般现在时/过去时）培养思维品质。课文填空结合语境巩固词汇语法，写作范文提供结构模板提升语言能力，重点短语标注应用场景，语法口诀辅助记忆，助力学生自主系统复习，教师可据此精准设计教学活动。

Unit4-6 知识清单 Unit4 一．重点单词 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. adj. 有幽默感的；滑稽有趣的 2. adj. 不说话的；沉默的 3. adj. 有用的；有帮助的 4. v. 采访；面试 n. 面试；访谈 5. v.对付；对待 6. n. 害羞；腼腆 7. v. 敢于；胆敢 8. n. 人群；观众 9. adj. 私人的；私密的 10. v. 需要；要求 11. adj. 欧洲的；欧洲人的n. 欧洲人 12. adj. 非洲的；非洲人的n.非洲人 13. adj. 英国的；英国人的 14. n. 讲话；发言 15. n. 民众 adj.公开的 ；公众的 16. n. 昆虫 17. adv. 不常；很少 18. v. & n. 影响 19. adj. 缺席；不在 20. v. 不及格；失败；未能（做到） 21. n. 考试；审查 22. adv. 确切地；精确地 23. n. 自豪；骄傲 24. adj. 自豪的；骄傲的 25. adj. 普遍的；常规的；总的 n. 将军 26. n. 介绍 二．词汇拓展 1.humorous.adj.有幽默感的；滑稽有趣的→ .n.幽默；滑稽 2.silent.adj.不说话的；沉默的→ .n.沉默：安静：默→ .adv:沉默地 3.helpful.adj.有用的；有帮助的→ .n.&v.帮助→ .adj.无益的；不予帮助的→ .adj.无助的→ .n.助手；帮手 4.interview.采访；面试n.面试；访谈→ .n.采访者：面试者→ .n.接受采访者：参加面试者 5.Asian.adj.亚洲（人）的n.亚洲人→ .n.亚洲 6.deal.v对付；对待→ .过去式→ .过去分词→ .n.协议；交易→ .n.经销商：交易商 7.shyness.n.害羞；→ .adj.害羞的；腼膜的 8.crowd.n.人群→ .adj.拥挤的→ .adj.不拥挤的 9.private.adj.私人的；私密的→ .adj私下地；秘密地→ .n.隐私 10.require.v.需要；要求→ .n.要求 11.European.adj.欧洲（人）的 n.欧洲人→ .n.欧洲 12.African.adj非洲（人）的n.非洲人→ .n.非洲 13.British.adj.英国（人）的→ .n.英国：不列颠 14.speech.n.讲话；发言→ .v说（某种语言）；说话→ .n.演讲者；发言人；扬声器 15.absent.adj.缺席；不在→ .n.缺席→ .adj.出席的；在场的 16.fail.v不及格；失败；未能（做到）→ .n.失败 17.examination.n.考试：审查→ .v检查 18.pride.n.自豪；骄傲→ adj.自豪的；骄傲的 19.general.adj.总的：普遍的；常规的n.将军→ .adv.一般地；普遍地 20.introduction.n.介绍→ .v介绍 三．课文填空 根据3a小阅读内容改编 Candy Wang is a 19-year-old 1.___________(Asia) pop star. She used to be really shy and took up 2._____________(sing) to deal with he shyness. Then she changed.She dared to sing in front of her class and even loves singing in front of 3.___________(crowd). After becoming famous, there are some good things for her. For one thing, she is able to travel and meet new people all the time. For another, she gets 4.___________(ton) of attention everywhere she goes. 5.___________, there are also some downsides. She always has to worry about how she 6._____________(appear) to others. And she doesn’t have much private time anymore. It’s also impossible for her 7.___________(hang) out with friends because guards are always around her. She wants to tell those young people who want to become famous,” Be 8.___________(prepare) to give up your normal life and you can’t imagine 9.___________ difficult the road to success is. Only 10.___________very small number of people can make it to the top.” 根据2b阅读内容改编 Li Wen is 1.________ 15-year-old boy. He works hard and does 2. __________(good) in school. It is hard to believe that he used to have 3.___________(difficult) in school. When his parents moved to the city to work, they could not be at home to take care 4._________ him. So he became less interested in studying and was absent 5.___________ classes. Then his parents made a 6.___________(decide) to send him to a boarding school. He found life there difficult. One day he told his teacher he 7.___________(want) to leave the school. His teacher advised his parents 8.___________(talk) with their son in person. This conversation influenced his life. He realized that his parents would always love him, and they would be 9.___________(pride) of everything good that he did. Now he is much 10.___________(happy) and more outgoing than he used to be. 四．重点短语 1. be of　害怕 2. not to do sth.　不足以做某事 3. get good in…　在……方面取得好成绩 4. be more in…　对……更感兴趣 5. from time to time　时常；有时 6. see sb. sth.　看见某人在做某事 7. take doing sth.　开始做某事 8. with　应对；处理 9. (not) to do sth.　(不)敢做某事 10. not… 　不再…… 11. the time　一直；总是 12. about…　担心…… 13. be very about…　非常注意…… 14. be to do sth.　准备好做某事 15. up doing sth. 放弃(做)…… 16. on　继续战斗 17. a lot of talent　需要很多天赋 18. it to the top　能成功到达顶峰 19. in 　公开地；在别人(尤指生人)面前 20. at 　至少 21. have a great on sb. 对某人有很大影响 22. work 　学习努力 23. do in…　在……方面做得好 24. for　寻找 25. care of　照顾 26. to…　搬到…… 27. feel 　感到孤独 28. be from classes　旷课 29. make a 　做决定 30. …to…　派……到……；送……到…… 31. take in　为……骄傲 32. friends with sb.　和某人交朋友 33. in 　亲自；亲身 34. sb. to do sth.　建议某人做某事 35. even 　即使 五．重点句子 1. 他过去个子真矮。He really short. 2. 自从我们上次见面已经有三年了。 since we last met. 3. 是的，当他跟女孩说话时脸总会变红！ Yeah, his face always red when he to girls! 4. 你过去个子矮，是吗？You used to be short, you? 5. 你无法想象通往成功的路有多难。You can never how the road to success is. 6. 现在与朋友们外出对我来说几乎不再可能，因为老有保安守在我的周围。 with friends is almost for me now because there are always guards around me. 7. 很难相信他过去在学校有困难。 that he used to have in school. 8. 有时他旷课，考试也不及格。 Sometimes he was from classes and his examinations. 9. 他的老师建议他父母亲自跟他们的儿子谈一谈。 His teacher his parents with their son in . 10. 现在他比过去更快乐，更外向了。Now he is much happier and more outgoing than he . 11. 李文是一个来自农村的15岁的普通男孩。 Li Wen is a boy from the country. 12. 他们为我做的每一件好事感到自豪。 They of everything good that I do. = They everything good that I do. 13. 父母能陪伴在他们孩子们身边是很重要的。It’s very important for parents to be there for their children. 6、 重点语法 used to 的用法 used to过去常常，可用于各种人称的单复数，表示过去存在的，但现在已经停止的情况或习惯。 used to do sth.表示“(过去)常常做某事，(以前)老是做某事”。) eg: Mr. Smith fishing by the lake.史密斯先生过去常去湖边钓鱼。 1.used to 的否定式。 used to 的否定式为didn’t use to或usedn’t to。 eg: Her daughter fruit.她女儿过去不常吃水果。 2.used to 的一般疑问句形式。 used to 的一般疑问句形式也有两种：一是把used提到句首；二是在句首加Did，并把used变成use，其中肯定和否定回答也相应有两种形式。 eg: — Lucy use to have straight hair? ——露西过去常留直发吗？ —Yes，she did. ——是的。 3.used to的反意疑问句形式也有两种：一是用didn’t；二是用usedn’t。 eg: She used to be shy， ?她过去常害羞，是吗？ 4.be used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事”，其中to是介词，后跟动词的­ing形式。 eg: I am used to shoes with high heels.我习惯穿高跟鞋。 7、 写作 我改变了很多！ 时光飞逝！三年过去了。当然，我已经改变了很多。 在过去，我曾经非常安静和害羞。在课堂上，我要么吃要么睡。所以我从来没有通过考试。但现在，我改变了很多。最重要的变化是我总是认真听讲，按时完成作业。而且我所有科目都考得很好。你可能想知道为什么我变了很多。八年级时，我有了一位新的班主任。她不仅有耐心，而且乐于助人。她对我友善而热情，在所有问题上都帮助我。多亏了她，从那以后我进步很大。我真幸运能见到她！ 太神奇了，我真的改变太多了！ I Have Changed a Lot! Unit5 一．重点单词 1. n.（女士）短上衣；衬衫 2. n. 银，银器； adj.银色的 3. n.棉；棉花 4. n. 钢；钢铁 5. n. 展览会；交易会 adj. 公平的 6. adj. 自然环境的；有关环境 7. n. 叶；叶子 8. v. 生产；制造；出产 9. adv. 广泛地；普遍地 10. v. 加工；处理 n. 过程 11. v.包装；装箱 12. n.产品；制品 13. 法国 14. adj. 当地的；本地的 15. v. 避免；回避 16. n. 小手提包 17. adj.可移动的；非固定的 18. adj. 每天的；日常的 19. 德国 20. n. 表面；表层 21. n. 材料；原料 22. n. 交通；路上行驶的车辆 23. adj. 国际的 24. n.参赛者；竞争者 25. n. 形式；类型 ；表格 v.形成 26. n. 庆典；庆祝活动 27. adj. 生气勃勃的；（色彩）鲜艳的 28. adj. 有关历史的 29. n. 热；高温 v. 加热；变热 30. v. 完成 adj.完整的；完全的 二．词汇拓展 1.glass. n.玻璃（不可数名词）→ . n.玻璃杯（可数名词） 2.fairness. n.公正性；合理性→ . adj.合理的；公平的→ . adv.公平地；合理地→ . adj.不公平的；不公正的→ . adv.不公正→ . n.不公平；不合理性 3.environmental. adj.自然环境的；有关环境的→ . n.环境→ . adv.与环境有关地；环境方面地 4.leaf. n.叶；叶子→ .复数 5.produce. v.生产；制造；出产→ . n.生产商；制造商 6.product. n.产品；制品→ . n.生产；产量 7.widely. adv.广泛地；普遍地→ . adj.宽的；宽阔的→ . n.宽度→ . v.（使）变宽；（使）扩大 8.pack. v.包装；装箱→ . n.包裹 9.France. n.法国→ . adj.法国（人）的；法语的 n.法语 10.Germany. n.德国→ . adj.德国（人）的；德语的n.德语；德国人→ . n.德国人（复数） 11.postman. n.邮递员→ .复数 12.international. adj.国际的→ . n.国家；民族→ . adj.国家的；民族的 13.competitor. n.参赛者；竞争者→ . v.比赛；竞争→ . n.比赛；竞争；竞赛 → . adj.有竞争力的 14.celebration. n.庆典；庆祝活动→ . v.庆祝 15.lively. adj.生气勃勃的；（色彩）鲜艳的→ . adj.活着的；尚在人世的→ . adj.活着的；有生命的→ . adj.活着的；没死的 16.historical. adj.（有关）历史的→ . n.历史→ . n.历史学家 17.complete. v.完成→ . adj.完整的；完全的→ . adv.完全地；彻底地 三．课文填空 根据3a阅读内容改编 1.________ you go to another country, what kinds of things would you buy? Would you buy a camera in Japan, some beautiful clothes in France, 2.________ a watch in Switzerland? No matter 3._______ you may buy, you might think those products were made in those 4._________(country). 5.__________, you could be wrong. Kang Jian is a 17-year-old student 6.________ Shanghai. Last year he went to San Francisco 7.____________ (visit) his aunt and uncle. He found 8.__________ interesting that so many 9. ____________ ( produce ) in the local shops were 10.___________ ( make )in China. “I wanted to buy a toy car for my cousin, but even though most of the toys were American brands, they were made in China. ” 根据2b阅读内容改编 The most common things are usually turned into 1.______________(object) of beauty. Sky lanterns are made of bamboo and covered with paper. According 2.____________ Chinese history, Zhuge Kongming first used them to ask for help when in trouble. Now they are used at festivals and celebrations because they 3.____________(see) as bright symbols of 4______________(happy) and good wishes. Paper cutting has 5._________ history of 1500 years.It can be difficult to do.The paper is folded before it’s cut with scissors. During the spring festival, pictures 6._________ flowers, animals and things about Chinese history are put on windows,doors and walls 7._____________ they’re symbols of wishes for good luck and a happy new year. Chinese clay art is famous for its real look. The pieces are usually cute children or lively characters from a Chinese fairy tale or 9.______________(history) story. How to make them?First, they 9.______________(shape) by hand. Then they are allowed to air-dry. After 10.______________(dry), they’re fired at a very high heat. Lastly, they are polished and painted. They show the love that all Chinese people have for life and beauty. 四．重点短语 1. be for　以……闻名；为人知晓 2. no 　不论；无论 3. be of /from　由……构成 4. be made sp.　在某地被制造 5. be for　因……而著名 6. I know　据我所知 7. all the world　全世界 8. be for…　有利于…… 9. avoid sth.　避免做某事 10. in 　事实上 11. in 　在困境中 12. turn sth. sth. 把某物变成某物 13. into　升入 14. a of happiness　幸福的象征 15. sth. on…　在……贴上某物 16. be used doing sth. 被用于做某事/某物 17. be covered 　被……覆盖 五．重点句子 1.这枚戒指是银制的。The ring silver. 2.中国因茶叶而闻名，是吗？China tea, right? 3.在中国，茶是在哪里生产的？Where is tea China? 4.无论你可能买什么，你可能会认为那些产品是在那些国家制造的。 you may buy, you might think those products those countries. 5.他发现当地商店中如此多的产品是在中国制造的，这很有趣。 He found interesting that so products in the local shops were in China. 6.他意识到他几乎无法避免买到中国制造的产品。 He that he can avoid products made in China. 7.根据中国历史，孔明灯首先被诸葛孔明使用。 to Chinese history, sky lanterns were first by Zhuge Kongming. 8.它们是由竹子制成的，而且用纸覆盖。They bamboo and with paper. 9.剪纸已经有1500多年的历史了。Paper has been around for 1,500 years. 10.变干之后，它们用高温加热。After , they are fired at a very high . 11.完成所有的事情需要花费数周时间。It several weeks complete everything. 12.它们被看作幸福和美好愿望的鲜明标志。They are seen as bright of and good wishes. 六、重点语法 一般现在时的被动语态 1.概念：英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 2.构成：被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。 3.一般现在时的被动语态的构成：be(am, is, are)＋及物动词的过去分词。 一般现在时被动语态用法顺口溜： 一般现被动用be done，be有am，is和are；否定be后加not，疑问置be主语前。 （1）由主语单复数确定be的形式。 eg: To our , the walls of the new bookstore are with books. 令我们吃惊的是，这家新书店的墙上摆满了书。（此处主语是the walls，是复数，be动词用are） （2）强调动作的承受者，而不是执行者。 eg:A lot of trees are around here every year and we can enjoy fresher air now.每年这里都种很多树，现在我们可以享受更新鲜的空气。（强调trees是plant这个动作的承受者，应用被动语态） （3）与一般现在时被动语态连用的时间状语有：every day，often，usually，always，seldom等。 eg: My room is every day by me.我每天打扫我的房间。 4.一般现在时被动语态的疑问句与否定句。 疑问句：Is/Am/Are＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？ 否定句：主语＋is/am/are＋not＋过去分词＋其他． eg: Are these dishes by your mother?这些碟子是你妈妈洗的吗？ The blackboard is cleaned by Kate.凯特没有擦黑板。 七、写作 为了让同学们更加了解中国传统艺术，并给予保护与传承，本周五你校将要举办一场主题为"Talk about a form of traditional art"的英语交流会。你打算介绍中国传统民间艺术——灯笼。请根据以下所给提示信息，写一篇交流稿。 灯笼 历史：起源于2000多年前的西汉时期；纸灯笼出现在东汉 材料：纸、丝绸、竹子、木头等 用途及现状：起初，人们将灯笼挂在门口，意在驱散恶鬼。后来，灯笼开始在庆祝活动中起到重要作用。现在，灯笼已成为中国文化的象征。 要求：1.包含所给提示内容，条理清楚，语句通顺； 2.不少于100词。 参考词汇：Western Han Dynasty 西汉；Eastern Han Dynasty 东汉；drive away evil spirits 驱散恶鬼 【范文欣赏】 众所周知，在元宵节看灯笼是一种传统。这里有很多灯会，游客可以在那里欣赏灯笼的美丽。你知道中国灯笼是什么时候出现的吗？ 据中国历史记载，灯笼最早是西汉时期的人制作的，距今已有2000多年的历史。“东汉后期，人们用纸制作灯笼。当然，制作灯笼也使用了其他材料，如竹、木和丝绸。 起初，人们在门前挂灯笼驱邪。很快，灯笼开始在庆祝活动中发挥重要作用。如今，作为传统艺术形式之一的灯笼已成为中国文化的象征。 Unit6 一．重点单词 1. n. 电；电能 2. n. 样式；款式 3. n. 项目；工程 4. n. 高兴；愉快 5. adj. 每日的；日常的 6. n.先锋；先驱 7. v. 列表；列清单n. 名单；清单 8. v. 提到；说到 9. adj. 意外的；偶然的 10. n. 统治者；支配者；尺子 11. v. 煮沸；烧开 12. v.保持不变；剩余 13. n. 气味 v.发出…气味；闻到 14. adj. 国家的；民族的 15. n. 贸易；交易 v.做买卖；从事贸易 16. n. 受欢迎；普及 17. n. 疑惑；疑问 v. 怀疑 18. v. 翻译 19. n. 地震 20. adj. 突然（的） 21. adj. 音乐的；有音乐天赋的 22. n. 器械； 仪器；工具 23. adj. 咸的 24. adj. 酸的；有酸味的 25. n. 顾客；客户 26. adj. 加拿大的；加拿大人的 n. 加拿大人 27. v. 分开；分散 28. n. 英雄；男主角 29. adj. 职业的；专业的 30. adv. 几乎；差不多 二．词汇拓展 1. electricity n.电；电能—— adj.电的；电动的—— adj,与电有关的 2.style n.样式；款式—— adj.时髦的；潇洒的 3.pleasure n.高兴；愉快—— adj.高兴的；喜欢的—— adj.令人愉快的， 惬意的 4.daily adj.每日的；日常的—— . 一天；白天 5.accident n.事故；意外—— adj.意外的；偶然的 6.ruler n.统治者；支配者；尺子—— v.统治；支配 n.规则；条例 7.boil v.煮沸；烧开—— adj.煮沸的；烧开的—— adj.正在沸腾的 8.national adj.国家的；民族的—— n.国家；民族—— n.国籍 9.trade n.贸易—— n.商人；贸易者 10.popularity n.受欢迎；普及—— adj.受欢迎的；流行的 11.translate v.翻译—— n.翻译；译文 12.lock v.锁上；锁住 n.锁—— n.锁柜；寄物柜 13.customer n, 顾客；客户—— n.风俗；习俗 14.Canadian adj.加拿大的；加拿大人—— n.加拿大 15.professional adj.职业的；专业的—— n.职业；专业 三．课文填空 根据3a阅读内容改编 Tea is 1._________ accidental invention. It means tea was invented by accident. It was first drunk 5,000 years ago by Shen Nong, a Chinese ruler. One day, while he 2.________________(boil) water over an open fire, some leaves fell into the water and remained there 3.______________ some time. It produced a nice smell 4.____________ he tasted the delicious brown water. Cha Jing, a book written by Luyu, describes 5.____________ tea plants were grown and used to make tea. It also tells us where the 6______________(fine) tea leaves were produced and what kinds of water 7.______________(use). Now, tea is popular around the world. It 8.________________(believe) that tea was first brought to Korea and Japan. Then the tea trade from China to Western countries helped to spread the 9._______________(popular) of tea. Even though many people know about tea culture, the Chinese are without doubt the 10.____________(one) who best understand the nature of tea. 根据2b阅读内容改编 Basketball is a much-loved and active sport that is enjoyed by many for fun 1.________exercise. It is over 100 years old and is played 2.________ more than 100 million people in over 200 countries. It 3._______________( believe) that the first basketball game in history was played on December 21, 1891. Then in 1936 in Berlin, it became 4.________event at the Olympics. Basketball was invented by a Canadian doctor 5.____________(name) James Naismith, who was born in 1861. 6.____________he was a college teacher, he was asked 7.____________(think) of a game that could be played in the winter. Dr. Naismith created a game to be played inside on a hard floor. Dr. Naismith divided the men in his class 8._____________ two teams and taught them to play his new game.9_____________(play) on the same team must work together to get the ball in the other 10._____________(team) basket. At the same time, they need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket. 四．重点短语 1. be (by sb.)　被(某人)发明 2. to do sth.　似乎…… 3. by 　偶然；意外地 4. have a 　有道理 5. into　掉入……里，落入，陷入 6. place　发生；出现 7. without 　毫无疑问；的确 8. sb. to do sth.　建议某人做某事 9. …into…　把……翻译成…… 10. be to…　和……相似 11. by 　错误地；无意中 12. the end　最后 13. than　多于；超过 14. see sb. sth.　看见某人正在做某事 15. …into…　把……分开 16. the same time　与此同时 17. …from doing sth.　阻止……做某事 18. of doing…　梦想做…… 19. not only… …　不但……而且…… 20. the of…　……的数量 21. on　决定；选定 22. look to　钦佩；仰慕 23. sb. to do sth.　鼓励某人做某事 24. one's dream　实现某人的梦想 25. up with　想出；提出 26. work 　协力合作 五．重点句子 1. “电话是什么时候被发明的？”“我想它是在1876年被发明的。” —When was the telephone invented?—I think it 1876. 2. “带有灯的鞋是被用来做什么的？”“它们是被用来在黑暗中看东西的。” —What are shoes with lights used for?—They in the dark. 3. 据说一位叫神农的中国统治者是第一个发现茶可以作为一种饮品的人。 It is that a Chinese ruler Shen Nong the first to discover tea as a drink. 4. 中国到西方世界的茶贸易产生于19世纪。 The tea from China to Western countries in the 19th century. 5. 人们相信历史上第一场篮球赛是在1891年12月21日举行的。 It is that the first basketball game in history December 21, 1891. 6. 奈史密斯博士把他班上的人分成两组，教他们玩他的新游戏。 Dr. Naismith the men in his class into two teams and them to play his new game. 7. 这些明星鼓励年轻人努力工作来实现他们的梦想。 These stars young people to work hard to their . 8. 乔治想让顾客高兴。 George wanted to the happy. 9. 同一个队的选手必须一起努力来把球投到另一个队的篮筐里。 Players on the same team must to get the ball in the other team's basket. 10. 在中国，你有时能看见人们在公园、学校，甚至是工厂里打篮球。 In China, you can sometimes people basketball in parks, schools and even factories. 六、重点语法 一般过去时的被动语态 1.一般过去时的被动语态的构成：was/were＋及物动词的过去分词。 被动语态用法顺口溜： 一般过去时，被动用be＋done； be形式有两种，主单was主复were； 疑问提前be，否定be后not挤。 2.判断时态是一般现在时还是一般过去时。 判断是一般现在时的被动语态还是一般过去时的被动语态。 eg: —Why didn’t you go to the New Year’s party last Friday?上周五你为什么没去参加新年晚会？ —Because I .因为我没被邀请。（由“last Friday”可知时态是一般过去时，主语I和invite之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。） 3.被动语态结构中的be用was还是用were。 主语的单复数决定be用was还是用were。 eg: So many trees and beautiful flowers planted in this area in 2014. 2014年，这个地区种植了许多树木和美丽的花朵.（主语many trees and beautiful flowers是复数，be动词用were。） 4.在主动语态中make，see等动词后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，变成被动语态时，不定式符号to要还原。 eg: Though he often made his little sister cry，today he made to cry by his little sister.虽然他经常把他的小妹妹弄哭，但今天他被他的小妹妹弄哭了。（make的主动用法是：make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”，在被动语态里，需把to还原，即be made to do sth.） 5.在主动语态中，动词短语中的介词在变为被动语态时，仍要跟在原动词之后。 eg: Old people taken good care of in the past.老年人在过去没有得到很好的照顾。（此处take care of中的of仍位于动词后） 6.主动语态若有双宾语，变为被动语态时，间接宾语(人)和直接宾语(物)都可变为主语，动词后一般要用相应的介词与其搭配。 eg: He gave me a book. (改为被动语态) A book was given to me by him. I was given a book by him. 变被动语态的口诀：宾提前变主，主变介by宾；谓语be 加done，时态看主动。如遇双宾语，最好变间宾；若要变直宾，间宾前加to/for。主动中省to的不定式，被动中to加上。 七、写作 根据下面的提示内容，写一篇有关纸的发明历史的英语短文。 提示内容： 1.大约在 2000 年前，世界上没有纸，人们在石头或者木片、竹简上刻字(carve characters); 2.当时，中国的蔡伦发明了纸张，他教会人们用各种废料来造纸； 3.纸的发明推动了人类文明的进步，人们会永远记住这位伟大的发明家。 $ Unit4-6 知识清单 Unit4 一．重点单词 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. humorous adj. 有幽默感的；滑稽有趣的 2. silent adj. 不说话的；沉默的 3. helpful adj. 有用的；有帮助的 4. interview v. 采访；面试 n. 面试；访谈 5. deal v.对付；对待 6. shyness n. 害羞；腼腆 7. dare v. 敢于；胆敢 8. crowd n. 人群；观众 9. private adj. 私人的；私密的 10. require v. 需要；要求 11. European adj. 欧洲的；欧洲人的n. 欧洲人 12. African adj. 非洲的；非洲人的n.非洲人 13. British adj. 英国的；英国人的 14. speech n. 讲话；发言 15. public n. 民众 adj.公开的 ；公众的 16. insect n. 昆虫 17. seldom adv. 不常；很少 18. influence v. & n. 影响 19. absent adj. 缺席；不在 20. fail v. 不及格；失败；未能（做到） 21. examination n. 考试；审查 22. exactly adv. 确切地；精确地 23. pride n. 自豪；骄傲 24. proud adj. 自豪的；骄傲的 25. general adj. 普遍的；常规的；总的 n. 将军 26. introduction n. 介绍 二．词汇拓展 1.humorous.adj.有幽默感的；滑稽有趣的→humor.n.幽默；滑稽 2.silent.adj.不说话的；沉默的→silence.n.沉默：安静：默→silently.adv:沉默地 3.helpful.adj.有用的；有帮助的→help.n.&v.帮助→unhelpful.adj.无益的；不予帮助的→helpless.adj.无助的→helper.n.助手；帮手 4.interview.采访；面试n.面试；访谈→interviewer.n.采访者：面试者→interviewee.n.接受采访者：参加面试者 5.Asian.adj.亚洲（人）的n.亚洲人→Asia.n.亚洲 6.deal.v对付；对待→dealt.过去式→dealt.过去分词→deal.n.协议；交易→dealer.n.经销商：交易商 7.shyness.n.害羞；→shy.adj.害羞的；腼膜的 8.crowd.n.人群→crowded.adj.拥挤的→uncrowded.adj.不拥挤的 9.private.adj.私人的；私密的→privately.adj私下地；秘密地→privacy.n.隐私 10.require.v.需要；要求→requirement.n.要求 11.European.adj.欧洲（人）的 n.欧洲人→Europe.n.欧洲 12.African.adj非洲（人）的n.非洲人→Africa.n.非洲 13.British.adj.英国（人）的→Britain.n.英国：不列颠 14.speech.n.讲话；发言→speak.v说（某种语言）；说话→speaker.n.演讲者；发言人；扬声器 15.absent.adj.缺席；不在→absence.n.缺席→present.adj.出席的；在场的 16.fail.v不及格；失败；未能（做到）→failure.n.失败 17.examination.n.考试：审查→examine.v检查 18.pride.n.自豪；骄傲→proud adj.自豪的；骄傲的 19.general.adj.总的：普遍的；常规的n.将军→generally.adv.一般地；普遍地 20.introduction.n.介绍→introduce.v介绍 三．课文填空 根据3a小阅读内容改编 Candy Wang is a 19-year-old 1.___________(Asia) pop star. She used to be really shy and took up 2._____________(sing) to deal with he shyness. Then she changed.She dared to sing in front of her class and even loves singing in front of 3.___________(crowd). After becoming famous, there are some good things for her. For one thing, she is able to travel and meet new people all the time. For another, she gets 4.___________(ton) of attention everywhere she goes. 5.___________, there are also some downsides. She always has to worry about how she 6._____________(appear) to others. And she doesn’t have much private time anymore. It’s also impossible for her 7.___________(hang) out with friends because guards are always around her. She wants to tell those young people who want to become famous,” Be 8.___________(prepare) to give up your normal life and you can’t imagine 9.___________ difficult the road to success is. Only 10.___________very small number of people can make it to the top.” 1.Asian 2.singing3.crowds4.tons 5.However6.appears 7.to hang 8. prepared9.how 10. a 根据2b阅读内容改编 Li Wen is 1.________ 15-year-old boy. He works hard and does 2. __________(good) in school. It is hard to believe that he used to have 3.___________(difficult) in school. When his parents moved to the city to work, they could not be at home to take care 4._________ him. So he became less interested in studying and was absent 5.___________ classes. Then his parents made a 6.___________(decide) to send him to a boarding school. He found life there difficult. One day he told his teacher he 7.___________(want) to leave the school. His teacher advised his parents 8.___________(talk) with their son in person. This conversation influenced his life. He realized that his parents would always love him, and they would be 9.___________(pride) of everything good that he did. Now he is much 10.___________(happy) and more outgoing than he used to be. 1.a 2.well 3.difficulties 4.of 5.from 6.decision 7.wanted8.to talk 9.proud10. happier 四．重点短语 1. be afraid of　害怕 2. not enough to do sth.　不足以做某事 3. get good grades in…　在……方面取得好成绩 4. be more interested in…　对……更感兴趣 5. from time to time　时常；有时 6. see sb. doing sth.　看见某人在做某事 7. take up doing sth.　开始做某事 8. deal with　应对；处理 9. dare (not) to do sth.　(不)敢做某事 10. not…anymore　不再…… 11. all the time　一直；总是 12. worry about…　担心…… 13. be very careful about…　非常注意…… 14. be prepared to do sth.　准备好做某事 15. give up doing sth. 放弃(做)…… 16. fight on　继续战斗 17. require a lot of talent　需要很多天赋 18. make it to the top　能成功到达顶峰 19. in public　公开地；在别人(尤指生人)面前 20. at least　至少 21. have a great influence on sb. 对某人有很大影响 22. work hard　学习努力 23. do well in…　在……方面做得好 24. look for　寻找 25. take care of　照顾 26. move to…　搬到…… 27. feel lonely　感到孤独 28. be absent from classes　旷课 29. make a decision　做决定 30. send…to…　派……到……；送……到…… 31. take pride in　为……骄傲 32. make friends with sb.　和某人交朋友 33. in person　亲自；亲身 34. advise sb. to do sth.　建议某人做某事 35. even though　即使 五．重点句子 1. 他过去个子真矮。He used to be really short. 2. 自从我们上次见面已经有三年了。It's been three years since we last met. 3. 是的，当他跟女孩说话时脸总会变红！ Yeah, his face always turned red when he talked to girls! 4. 你过去个子矮，是吗？You used to be short, didn't /usedn't you? 5. 你无法想象通往成功的路有多难。You can never imagine how difficult the road to success is. 6. 现在与朋友们外出对我来说几乎不再可能，因为老有保安守在我的周围。 Hanging out with friends is almost impossible for me now because there are always guards around me. 7. 很难相信他过去在学校有困难。 It is hard to believe that he used to have difficulties in school. 8. 有时他旷课，考试也不及格。 Sometimes he was absent from classes and failed his examinations. 9. 他的老师建议他父母亲自跟他们的儿子谈一谈。 His teacher advised his parents to talk with their son in person. 10. 现在他比过去更快乐，更外向了。Now he is much happier and more outgoing than he used to be. 11. 李文是一个来自农村的15岁的普通男孩。 Li Wen is a normal 15-year-old boy from the country. 12. 他们为我做的每一件好事感到自豪。 They are proud of everything good that I do. = They take pride in everything good that I do. 13. 父母能陪伴在他们孩子们身边是很重要的。It’s very important for parents to be there for their children. 6、 重点语法 used to 的用法 used to过去常常，可用于各种人称的单复数，表示过去存在的，但现在已经停止的情况或习惯。 used to do sth.表示“(过去)常常做某事，(以前)老是做某事”。) eg: Mr. Smith used to go fishing by the lake.史密斯先生过去常去湖边钓鱼。 1.used to 的否定式。 used to 的否定式为didn’t use to或usedn’t to。 eg: Her daughter didn’t use to (usedn’t to) eat fruit.她女儿过去不常吃水果。 2.used to 的一般疑问句形式。 used to 的一般疑问句形式也有两种：一是把used提到句首；二是在句首加Did，并把used变成use，其中肯定和否定回答也相应有两种形式。 eg: —Did Lucy use to have straight hair? ——露西过去常留直发吗？ —Yes，she did. ——是的。 3.used to的反意疑问句形式也有两种：一是用didn’t；二是用usedn’t。 eg: She used to be shy，didn’t she?她过去常害羞，是吗？ 4.be used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事”，其中to是介词，后跟动词的­ing形式。 eg: I am used to wearing shoes with high heels.我习惯穿高跟鞋。 7、 写作 I Have Changed a Lot! How time flies! Three years has passed. Of course, I have changed a lot. In the past, I used to be very quiet and shy. In class, I either ate or slept. So I never passed the examination.But now, I have changed a lot. The most important change is that I always listen to the teachers carefully and finish my homework on time. And I get good scores in all subjects.You may wonder why I have changed a lot. In Grade 8, I had a new head teacher. She is not only patient but also helpful. She treated me with kindness and warmth and she helped me with all subjects. Thanks to her, I have made great progress since then. How lucky I am to meet her! It’s so amazing that I have really changed too much! 【译文】 我改变了很多！ 时光飞逝！三年过去了。当然，我已经改变了很多。 在过去，我曾经非常安静和害羞。在课堂上，我要么吃要么睡。所以我从来没有通过考试。但现在，我改变了很多。最重要的变化是我总是认真听讲，按时完成作业。而且我所有科目都考得很好。你可能想知道为什么我变了很多。八年级时，我有了一位新的班主任。她不仅有耐心，而且乐于助人。她对我友善而热情，在所有问题上都帮助我。多亏了她，从那以后我进步很大。我真幸运能见到她！ 太神奇了，我真的改变太多了！ Unit5 一．重点单词 1. blouse n.（女士）短上衣；衬衫 2. silver n. 银，银器； adj.银色的 3. cotton n.棉；棉花 4. steel n. 钢；钢铁 5. fair n. 展览会；交易会 adj. 公平的 6. environmental adj. 自然环境的；有关环境 7. leaf n. 叶；叶子 8. produce v. 生产；制造；出产 9. widely adv. 广泛地；普遍地 10. process v. 加工；处理 n. 过程 11. pack v.包装；装箱 12. product n.产品；制品 13. France 法国 14. local adj. 当地的；本地的 15. avoid v. 避免；回避 16. handbag n. 小手提包 17. mobile adj.可移动的；非固定的 18. everyday adj. 每天的；日常的 19. Germany 德国 20. surface n. 表面；表层 21. material n. 材料；原料 22. traffic n. 交通；路上行驶的车辆 23. international adj. 国际的 24. competitor n.参赛者；竞争者 25. form n. 形式；类型 ；表格 v.形成 26. celebration n. 庆典；庆祝活动 27. lively adj. 生气勃勃的；（色彩）鲜艳的 28. historical adj. 有关历史的 29. heat n. 热；高温 v. 加热；变热 30. complete v. 完成 adj.完整的；完全的 二．词汇拓展 1.glass. n.玻璃（不可数名词）→glass. n.玻璃杯（可数名词） 2.fairness. n.公正性；合理性→fair. adj.合理的；公平的→fairly. adv.公平地；合理地→unfair. adj.不公平的；不公正的→unfairly. adv.不公正→unfairness. n.不公平；不合理性 3.environmental. adj.自然环境的；有关环境的→environment. n.环境→environmentally. adv.与环境有关地；环境方面地 4.leaf. n.叶；叶子→leaves.复数 5.produce. v.生产；制造；出产→producer. n.生产商；制造商 6.product. n.产品；制品→production. n.生产；产量 7.widely. adv.广泛地；普遍地→wide. adj.宽的；宽阔的→width. n.宽度→widen. v.（使）变宽；（使）扩大 8.pack. v.包装；装箱→package. n.包裹 9.France. n.法国→French. adj.法国（人）的；法语的 n.法语 10.Germany. n.德国→German. adj.德国（人）的；德语的n.德语；德国人→Germans. n.德国人（复数） 11.postman. n.邮递员→postmen.复数 12.international. adj.国际的→nation. n.国家；民族→national. adj.国家的；民族的 13.competitor. n.参赛者；竞争者→compete. v.比赛；竞争→competition. n.比赛；竞争；竞赛 →competitive. adj.有竞争力的 14.celebration. n.庆典；庆祝活动→celebrate. v.庆祝 15.lively. adj.生气勃勃的；（色彩）鲜艳的→living. adj.活着的；尚在人世的→live. adj.活着的；有生命的→alive. adj.活着的；没死的 16.historical. adj.（有关）历史的→history. n.历史→historian. n.历史学家 17.complete. v.完成→complete. adj.完整的；完全的→completely. adv.完全地；彻底地 三．课文填空 根据3a阅读内容改编 1.________ you go to another country, what kinds of things would you buy? Would you buy a camera in Japan, some beautiful clothes in France, 2.________ a watch in Switzerland? No matter 3._______ you may buy, you might think those products were made in those 4._________(country). 5.__________, you could be wrong. Kang Jian is a 17-year-old student 6.________ Shanghai. Last year he went to San Francisco 7.____________ (visit) his aunt and uncle. He found 8.__________ interesting that so many 9. ____________ ( produce ) in the local shops were 10.___________ ( make )in China. “I wanted to buy a toy car for my cousin, but even though most of the toys were American brands, they were made in China. ” 1.If 2.or 3.what 4. countries 5.However 6.from 7.to visit 8.it 9.products 10.made 根据2b阅读内容改编 The most common things are usually turned into 1.______________(object) of beauty. Sky lanterns are made of bamboo and covered with paper. According 2.____________ Chinese history, Zhuge Kongming first used them to ask for help when in trouble. Now they are used at festivals and celebrations because they 3.____________(see) as bright symbols of 4______________(happy) and good wishes. Paper cutting has 5._________ history of 1500 years.It can be difficult to do.The paper is folded before it’s cut with scissors. During the spring festival, pictures 6._________ flowers, animals and things about Chinese history are put on windows,doors and walls 7._____________ they’re symbols of wishes for good luck and a happy new year. Chinese clay art is famous for its real look. The pieces are usually cute children or lively characters from a Chinese fairy tale or 9.______________(history) story. How to make them?First, they 9.______________(shape) by hand. Then they are allowed to air-dry. After 10.______________(dry), they’re fired at a very high heat. Lastly, they are polished and painted. They show the love that all Chinese people have for life and beauty. 1.objects 2.to 3.are seen 4. happiness 5.a6.like 7.because 8.historical9.are shaped 10.drying 四．重点短语 1. be known for　以……闻名；为人知晓 2. no matter　不论；无论 3. be made of /from　由……构成 4. be made in sp.　在某地被制造 5. be famous for　因……而著名 6. as far as I know　据我所知 7. all over the world　全世界 8. be good for…　有利于…… 9. avoid doing sth.　避免做某事 10. in fact　事实上 11. in trouble　在困境中 12. turn sth. into sth. 把某物变成某物 13. rise into　升入 14. a symbol of happiness　幸福的象征 15. put sth. on…　在……贴上某物 16. be used for doing sth. 被用于做某事/某物 17. be covered with　被……覆盖 五．重点句子 1.这枚戒指是银制的。The ring is made of silver. 2.中国因茶叶而闻名，是吗？China is famous for tea, right? 3.在中国，茶是在哪里生产的？Where is tea produced in China? 4.无论你可能买什么，你可能会认为那些产品是在那些国家制造的。 No matter what you may buy, you might think those products were made in those countries. 5.他发现当地商店中如此多的产品是在中国制造的，这很有趣。 He found it interesting that so many products in the local shops were made in China. 6.他意识到他几乎无法避免买到中国制造的产品。 He realized that he can hardly avoid buying products made in China. 7.根据中国历史，孔明灯首先被诸葛孔明使用。 According to Chinese history, sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kongming. 8.它们是由竹子制成的，而且用纸覆盖。They are made of bamboo and covered with paper. 9.剪纸已经有1500多年的历史了。Paper cutting has been around for over 1,500 years. 10.变干之后，它们用高温加热。After drying, they are fired at a very high heat. 11.完成所有的事情需要花费数周时间。It takes several weeks to complete everything. 12.它们被看作幸福和美好愿望的鲜明标志。They are seen as bright symbols of happiness and good wishes. 六、重点语法 一般现在时的被动语态 1.概念：英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 2.构成：被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。 3.一般现在时的被动语态的构成：be(am, is, are)＋及物动词的过去分词。 一般现在时被动语态用法顺口溜： 一般现被动用be done，be有am，is和are；否定be后加not，疑问置be主语前。 （1）由主语单复数确定be的形式。 eg: To our surprise, the walls of the new bookstore are lined with books. 令我们吃惊的是，这家新书店的墙上摆满了书。（此处主语是the walls，是复数，be动词用are） （2）强调动作的承受者，而不是执行者。 eg:A lot of trees are planted around here every year and we can enjoy fresher air now.每年这里都种很多树，现在我们可以享受更新鲜的空气。（强调trees是plant这个动作的承受者，应用被动语态） （3）与一般现在时被动语态连用的时间状语有：every day，often，usually，always，seldom等。 eg: My room is cleaned every day by me.我每天打扫我的房间。 4.一般现在时被动语态的疑问句与否定句。 疑问句：Is/Am/Are＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？ 否定句：主语＋is/am/are＋not＋过去分词＋其他． eg: Are these dishes washed by your mother?这些碟子是你妈妈洗的吗？ The blackboard is not cleaned by Kate.凯特没有擦黑板。 七、写作 为了让同学们更加了解中国传统艺术，并给予保护与传承，本周五你校将要举办一场主题为"Talk about a form of traditional art"的英语交流会。你打算介绍中国传统民间艺术——灯笼。请根据以下所给提示信息，写一篇交流稿。 灯笼 历史：起源于2000多年前的西汉时期；纸灯笼出现在东汉 材料：纸、丝绸、竹子、木头等 用途及现状：起初，人们将灯笼挂在门口，意在驱散恶鬼。后来，灯笼开始在庆祝活动中起到重要作用。现在，灯笼已成为中国文化的象征。 要求：1.包含所给提示内容，条理清楚，语句通顺； 2.不少于100词。 参考词汇：Western Han Dynasty 西汉；Eastern Han Dynasty 东汉；drive away evil spirits 驱散恶鬼 【范文欣赏】 As we all know, it is a tradition to watch lanterns at the Lantern Festival. There are a lot of lantern fairs where visitors can enjoy the beauty of lanterns. Do you know when Chinese lanterns appeared? According to Chinese history, lanterns were first made by people in the Western Han Dynasty, which is more than 2, 000 years ago"Later in the Eastern Han Dynasty, people made lanterns with paper.Of course, other materials were also used for making lanterns, such as bamboo, wood and silk. At first, people hung lanterns in front of their doors to drive away evil spirit. Soon lanterns started to play an important role in celebrations. Nowadays, lanterns, one of the forms of traditional art have become a symbol of Chinese culture. 众所周知，在元宵节看灯笼是一种传统。这里有很多灯会，游客可以在那里欣赏灯笼的美丽。你知道中国灯笼是什么时候出现的吗？ 据中国历史记载，灯笼最早是西汉时期的人制作的，距今已有2000多年的历史。“东汉后期，人们用纸制作灯笼。当然，制作灯笼也使用了其他材料，如竹、木和丝绸。 起初，人们在门前挂灯笼驱邪。很快，灯笼开始在庆祝活动中发挥重要作用。如今，作为传统艺术形式之一的灯笼已成为中国文化的象征。 Unit6 一．重点单词 1. electricity n. 电；电能 2. style n. 样式；款式 3. project n. 项目；工程 4. pleasure n. 高兴；愉快 5. daily adj. 每日的；日常的 6. pioneer n.先锋；先驱 7. list v. 列表；列清单n. 名单；清单 8. mention v. 提到；说到 9. accidental adj. 意外的；偶然的 10. ruler n. 统治者；支配者；尺子 11. boil v. 煮沸；烧开 12. remain v.保持不变；剩余 13. smell n. 气味 v.发出…气味；闻到 14. national adj. 国家的；民族的 15. trade n. 贸易；交易 v.做买卖；从事贸易 16. popularity n. 受欢迎；普及 17. doubt n. 疑惑；疑问 v. 怀疑 18. translate v. 翻译 19. earthquake n. 地震 20. sudden adj. 突然（的） 21. musical adj. 音乐的；有音乐天赋的 22. instrument n. 器械； 仪器；工具 23. salty adj. 咸的 24. sour adj. 酸的；有酸味的 25. customer n. 顾客；客户 26. Canadian adj. 加拿大的；加拿大人的 n. 加拿大人 27. divide v. 分开；分散 28. hero n. 英雄；男主角 29. professional adj. 职业的；专业的 30. nearly adv. 几乎；差不多 二．词汇拓展 1. electricity n.电；电能——electric adj.电的；电动的——electrical adj,与电有关的 2.style n.样式；款式——stylish adj.时髦的；潇洒的 3.pleasure n.高兴；愉快——pleased adj.高兴的；喜欢的——pleasant adj.令人愉快的， 惬意的 4.daily adj.每日的；日常的——day. 一天；白天 5.accident n.事故；意外——accidental adj.意外的；偶然的 6.ruler n.统治者；支配者；尺子——rule v.统治；支配 n.规则；条例 7.boil v.煮沸；烧开——boiled adj.煮沸的；烧开的——boiling adj.正在沸腾的 8.national adj.国家的；民族的——nation n.国家；民族——nationality n.国籍 9.trade n.贸易——trader n.商人；贸易者 10.popularity n.受欢迎；普及——popular adj.受欢迎的；流行的 11.translate v.翻译——translation n.翻译；译文 12.lock v.锁上；锁住 n.锁——locker n.锁柜；寄物柜 13.customer n, 顾客；客户——custom n.风俗；习俗 14.Canadian adj.加拿大的；加拿大人——Canada n.加拿大 15.professional adj.职业的；专业的——profession n.职业；专业 三．课文填空 根据3a阅读内容改编 Tea is 1._________ accidental invention. It means tea was invented by accident. It was first drunk 5,000 years ago by Shen Nong, a Chinese ruler. One day, while he 2.________________(boil) water over an open fire, some leaves fell into the water and remained there 3.______________ some time. It produced a nice smell 4.____________ he tasted the delicious brown water. Cha Jing, a book written by Luyu, describes 5.____________ tea plants were grown and used to make tea. It also tells us where the 6______________(fine) tea leaves were produced and what kinds of water 7.______________(use). Now, tea is popular around the world. It 8.________________(believe) that tea was first brought to Korea and Japan. Then the tea trade from China to Western countries helped to spread the 9._______________(popular) of tea. Even though many people know about tea culture, the Chinese are without doubt the 10.____________(one) who best understand the nature of tea. 1.an 2.was boiling 3.for 4. so 5.how 6.finest 7.were used 8.is believed 9.popularity 10.ones 根据2b阅读内容改编 Basketball is a much-loved and active sport that is enjoyed by many for fun 1.________exercise. It is over 100 years old and is played 2.________ more than 100 million people in over 200 countries. It 3._______________( believe) that the first basketball game in history was played on December 21, 1891. Then in 1936 in Berlin, it became 4.________event at the Olympics. Basketball was invented by a Canadian doctor 5.____________(name) James Naismith, who was born in 1861. 6.____________he was a college teacher, he was asked 7.____________(think) of a game that could be played in the winter. Dr. Naismith created a game to be played inside on a hard floor. Dr. Naismith divided the men in his class 8._____________ two teams and taught them to play his new game.9_____________(play) on the same team must work together to get the ball in the other 10._____________(team) basket. At the same time, they need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket. 1.and 2.by 3.is believed 4.an 5.named 6.When 7.to think 8.into 9.Players 10.team’s 四．重点短语 1. be invented (by sb.)　被(某人)发明 2. seem to do sth.　似乎…… 3. by accident　偶然；意外地 4. have a point　有道理 5. fall into　掉入……里，落入，陷入 6. take place　发生；出现 7. without doubt　毫无疑问；的确 8. advise sb. to do sth.　建议某人做某事 9. translate…into…　把……翻译成…… 10. be similar to…　和……相似 11. by mistake　错误地；无意中 12. in the end　最后 13. more than　多于；超过 14. see sb. doing sth.　看见某人正在做某事 15. divide…into…　把……分开 16. at the same time　与此同时 17. stop…from doing sth.　阻止……做某事 18. dream of doing…　梦想做…… 19. not only…but also…　不但……而且…… 20. the number of…　……的数量 21. decide on　决定；选定 22. look up to　钦佩；仰慕 23. encourage sb. to do sth.　鼓励某人做某事 24. achieve one's dream　实现某人的梦想 25. come up with　想出；提出 26. work together　协力合作 五．重点句子 1. “电话是什么时候被发明的？”“我想它是在1876年被发明的。” —When was the telephone invented?—I think it was invented in 1876. 2. “带有灯的鞋是被用来做什么的？”“它们是被用来在黑暗中看东西的。” —What are shoes with lights used for?—They're used for seeing in the dark. 3. 据说一位叫神农的中国统治者是第一个发现茶可以作为一种饮品的人。 It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink. 4. 中国到西方世界的茶贸易产生于19世纪。 The tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century. 5. 人们相信历史上第一场篮球赛是在1891年12月21日举行的。 It is believed that the first basketball game in history was played on December 21, 1891. 6. 奈史密斯博士把他班上的人分成两组，教他们玩他的新游戏。 Dr. Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams and taught them to play his new game. 7. 这些明星鼓励年轻人努力工作来实现他们的梦想。 These stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams. 8. 乔治想让顾客高兴。 George wanted to make the customer happy. 9. 同一个队的选手必须一起努力来把球投到另一个队的篮筐里。 Players on the same team must work together to get the ball in the other team's basket. 10. 在中国，你有时能看见人们在公园、学校，甚至是工厂里打篮球。 In China, you can sometimes see people playing basketball in parks, schools and even factories. 六、重点语法 一般过去时的被动语态 1.一般过去时的被动语态的构成：was/were＋及物动词的过去分词。 被动语态用法顺口溜： 一般过去时，被动用be＋done； be形式有两种，主单was主复were； 疑问提前be，否定be后not挤。 2.判断时态是一般现在时还是一般过去时。 判断是一般现在时的被动语态还是一般过去时的被动语态。 eg: —Why didn’t you go to the New Year’s party last Friday?上周五你为什么没去参加新年晚会？ —Because I wasn’t invited.因为我没被邀请。（由“last Friday”可知时态是一般过去时，主语I和invite之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。） 3.被动语态结构中的be用was还是用were。 主语的单复数决定be用was还是用were。 eg: So many trees and beautiful flowers were planted in this area in 2014. 2014年，这个地区种植了许多树木和美丽的花朵.（主语many trees and beautiful flowers是复数，be动词用were。） 4.在主动语态中make，see等动词后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，变成被动语态时，不定式符号to要还原。 eg: Though he often made his little sister cry，today he was made to cry by his little sister.虽然他经常把他的小妹妹弄哭，但今天他被他的小妹妹弄哭了。（make的主动用法是：make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”，在被动语态里，需把to还原，即be made to do sth.） 5.在主动语态中，动词短语中的介词在变为被动语态时，仍要跟在原动词之后。 eg: Old people weren’t taken good care of in the past.老年人在过去没有得到很好的照顾。（此处take care of中的of仍位于动词后） 6.主动语态若有双宾语，变为被动语态时，间接宾语(人)和直接宾语(物)都可变为主语，动词后一般要用相应的介词与其搭配。 eg: He gave me a book. (改为被动语态) A book was given to me by him. I was given a book by him. 变被动语态的口诀：宾提前变主，主变介by宾；谓语be 加done，时态看主动。如遇双宾语，最好变间宾；若要变直宾，间宾前加to/for。主动中省to的不定式，被动中to加上。 七、写作 根据下面的提示内容，写一篇有关纸的发明历史的英语短文。 提示内容： 1.大约在 2000 年前，世界上没有纸，人们在石头或者木片、竹简上刻字(carve characters); 2.当时，中国的蔡伦发明了纸张，他教会人们用各种废料来造纸； 3.纸的发明推动了人类文明的进步，人们会永远记住这位伟大的发明家。 【范文】 It's believed that there was no paper in the world about two thousand years ago.People used to carve characters in wood, stone or bamboo slip.The rich people wrote on silk or sheepskin. As we all know, a Chinese inventor, who lived in the Eastern Han Dynasty named Cai Lun, tried his best to invent and improve paper.He taught people to make paper from waste materials like used cloth and fishing net. It was in the year around 105 that paper of high quality was finally invented.It can be used for writing . Thanks to the invention,books became more and more popular all around the world. The invention of paper is very important in the development of human civilization.It is necessary for us to keep the great inventor, Cai Lun, in mind forever. $