2025-2026学年高三上学期期末复习之英语核心词词性转换&语法填空（构词法）(外研版2019）

考前特训·期末 期末复习--词性转换&语法填空（人外研版2019） 高三第一学期 （构词法）期末考前易错特训 班级 姓名 学号 分数 内 容 提 要 一、词性变化默写 Exercise 1-3 二、 单句语法填空 Exercise 1 –15 三、 语法填空高考模拟 Passage 1 -5 一、根据提示，完成下面词性变化练习 词性转换 1．sink v.使（船）沉没→（过去式） →（过去分词） 2．fault n.责任，过错→ adj.有错误的，有缺点的 3．breath n.呼出的气→ v.呼吸 4．annoy v.使……不悦；惹恼→ adj.恼怒的，烦恼的，感到生气的→ adj.令人生气的 5．adjust v.适应，（使）习惯，调整→ n.适应，调整，调节 6．complex adj.复杂的→ n.复杂性，错综复杂 7．embarrass v.使尴尬，使窘迫→ n.尴尬，难为情→ adj.感到尴尬的→ adj.令人尴尬的 8．frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的→ adv.坦率地，直率地 9．depend v.依赖，依靠→ adj.依靠的；依赖的→ n.依赖，依靠→ adj.独立的→ n.独立 【答案】1． sank sunk 2．faulty 3．breathe 4． annoyed annoying 5．adjustment 6．complexity 7． embarrassment embarrassed embarrassing 8．frankly 9． dependent dependence independent independence 【解析】1．考查词性转换。动词sink的过去式是sank，过去分词是sunk。故填①sank，②sunk。 2．考查词性转换。名词fault的形容词形式是faulty。故填faulty。 3．考查词性转换。名词breath的动词形式是breathe。故填breathe。 4．考查词性转换。动词annoy的形容词形式是annoyed意为“恼怒的，烦恼的，感到生气的”，annoying意为“令人生气的”。故填①annoyed，②annoying。 5．考查词性转换。动词adjust的名词形式是adjustment。故填adjustment。 6．考查词性转换。形容词complex的名词形式是complexity。故填complexity。 7．考查词性转换。动词embarrass的名词形式是embarrassment，形容词形式是embarrassed意为“感到尴尬的”，embarrassing意为“令人尴尬的”。故填①embarrassment，②embarrassed，③embarrassing。 8．考查词性转换。形容词frank的副词形式是frankly。故填frankly。 9．考查词性转换。动词depend的形容词形式是dependent，名词形式是dependence，否定形容词形式是independent，名词形式是independence。故填①dependent，②dependence，③independent，④independence。 词性转换 1. extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长→ n.延长；延伸；扩建部分→ adj. 广阔的，大量的，广泛的→ adj. 延长了的，扩展了的 2. negotiate vt.商定； 达成(协议)　vi. 谈判； 磋商； 协商→ n. 商定；谈判；协商→ adj. 可协商的，可讨论的 3. royal adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的→ n. 王室；王族；王权 → adv. 庄严地 4. withdraw vi.& vt.(使)撤回； 撤离→ n.撤走；撤回 5. profession n.职业；行业→ adj.职业的→ n.教授 6. politics n. 政治，政治观点→ adj. 政治的；党派的→ n. 政治家，政客 7. mixture n.混合；结合体；混合物→ v.混合；融合→ adj.混合的；混杂的 8. applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌vt.称赞；赞赏→ n.鼓掌；喝彩 9. murder n.谋杀；凶杀vt.谋杀；凶杀；毁坏→ n.凶手；谋杀犯 10. mercy n.仁慈；宽恕；恩惠→ adj.仁慈的；怜悯的 → adj. 毫不怜悯的；无情的；残忍的 11.possession n.个人财产；拥有；控制→ vt.拥有；具有；控制 【答案】 1. extension extensive extended 2. negotiation negotiable 3. royalty royally 4. withdrawal 5. professional professor 6. political politician 7. mix mixed 8. applause 9. murderer 10. merciful merciless 11. possess 【解析】1. 考查名词和形容词。extend中文为“扩展；使伸长；延长”之意，为动词形式。其名词为extension，中文为“延长；延伸；扩建部分”之意；其形容词为extensive，中文为“广阔的，大量的，广泛的”之意；其另一形容词为extended，中文为“延长了的，扩展了的”之意。故答案为extension; extensive; extended。 2. 考查名词和形容词。negotiate中文为“商定；达成(协议)；谈判； 磋商；协商”之意，为动词形式。其名词为negotiation，中文为“商定；谈判；协商”之意；其形容词为negotiable，中文为“可协商的，可讨论的”之意。故答案为negotiation; negotiable。 3. 考查名词和副词。royal中文为“皇家的；王室的；高贵的”之意，为形容词形式。其名词为royalty，中文为“室；王族；王权”之意；其副词为royally，中文为“庄严地”之意。故答案为royalty; royally。 4. 考查名词。withdraw中文为“(使)撤回； 撤离”之意，为动词形式。其名词为withdrawal，中文为“撤走；撤回”之意。故答案为withdrawal。 5. 考查形容词和名词。profession中文为“职业；行业”之意，为名词形式。其形容词为professional，中文为“职业的”之意；其名词为professor，中文为“教授”之意。故答案为professional; professor。 6. 考查形容词和名词。politics中文为“政治，政治观点”之意，为动词形式。其形容词为political，中文为“政治的；党派的”之意；其名词为politician，中文为“政治家，政客”之意。故答案为political; politician。 7. 考查动词和形容词。mixture中文为“混合；结合体；混合物”之意，为名词形式。其动词为mix，中文为“混合；融合”之意；其形容词为mixed，中文为“混合的；混杂的”之意。故答案为mix; mixed。 8. 考查名词。applaud中文为“鼓掌；称赞；赞赏”之意，为动词形式。其名词为applause，中文为“鼓掌；喝彩”之意。故答案为applause。 9. 考查名词。murder中文为“谋杀；凶杀；谋杀；凶杀；毁坏”之意，为名词或动词形式。其名词为murderer，中文为“凶手；谋杀犯”之意。故答案为murderer。 10. 考查形容词。mercy中文为“仁慈；宽恕；恩惠”之意，为名词形式。其形容词为merciful，中文为“仁慈的；怜悯的”之意；其反义形容词为merciless，中文为“毫不怜悯的；无情的；残忍的”之意。故答案为merciful; merciless。 11. 考查动词。possession中文为“个人财产；拥有；控制”之意，为名词形式。其动词为possess，中文为“拥有；具有；控制”之意。故答案为possess。 词性转换 1. measure v.量，测量→ n.测量；尺寸 2. determine v.测定，确定→ adj.坚决的；有决心的→ n.决心 3. solve vt.解决→ n.解决，解决方法 4. amaze v.使惊讶→ adj.惊人的，了不起的→ adj.惊讶的→ n.惊奇 5. survive v.活下来，幸存→ n.幸存；残存物→ n.幸存者 6. effect n.影响，结果→ adj.有效的 7. vary v.变化→ n.多样化，变化→ adj.多种多样的 8. concentrate v.专注，专心→ adj.浓缩的；集中的；全力以赴的→ n.专心 9. freeze v.突然停止，呆住→ adj.极冷的，严寒的  n.冰点→ adj.冷冻的；冻坏的 10. accommodate v.容纳；使适应→ n.住处，工作场所 11. recover v.(从糟糕经历中)恢复→ n.恢复 12. shock n.吃惊，震惊→ adj.令人震惊的→ adj.感到震惊的 13. react vi.作出反应；回应→ n.(对某一情形或事件的)反应 14. annual adj.一年一度的，每年的→ adv.一年一次，每年 【答案】 1. measurement 2. determined determination 3. solution 4. amazing amazed amazement 5. survival survivor 6. effective 7. variety various 8. concentrated concentration 9. freezing frozen 10. accommodation 11. recovery 12. shocking shocked 13. reaction 14. annually 【解析】1. measure“量，测量”，动词，其名词形式是measurement“测量；尺寸”。故答案是measurement。 2. determine“测定，确定”，动词，其形容词形式是determined“坚决的；有决心的”，其名词形式是determination“决心”。故答案是①determined；②determination。 3. solve“解决”，动词，其名词形式是solution“解决，解决方法”。故答案是solution。 4. amaze“使惊讶”，动词，其形容词形式有两个，一个是amazing“惊人的，了不起的”；另一个是amazed“惊讶的”；其名词形式是amazement。故答案是①amazing；②amazed；③amazement。 5. survive“活下来，幸存”，动词，其名词形式有两个，一个是survival“幸存；残存物”，另一个是survivor“幸存者”。故答案是①survival；②survivor。 6. effect“影响，结果”，名词，其形容词形式是effective“有效的”。故答案是effective。 7. vary“变化”，动词，其名词形式是variety“多样化，变化”，其形容词形式是various“多种多样的”。故答案是①variety；②various。 8. concentrate“专注，专心”，动词，其形容词形式是concentrated“浓缩的；集中的；全力以赴的”，其名词形式是concentration“专心”。故答案是①concentrated；②concentration。 9. freeze“突然停止，呆住”，动词，其形容词形式有两个，一个是freezing“极冷的，严寒的”，同时也可以作名词表示“冰点”，另一个形容词是frozen“冷冻的；冻坏的”。故答案是①freezing；②frozen。 10. accommodate“容纳；使适应”，动词，其名词形式是accommodation“住处，工作场所”。故答案是accommodation。 11. recover“(从糟糕经历中)恢复”，动词，其名词形式是recovery“恢复”。故答案是recovery。 12. shock“吃惊，震惊”，名词，其形容词形式有两个，一个是shocking“令人震惊的”，另一个是shocked“感到震惊的”。故答案是①shocking；②shocked。 13. react“作出反应；回应”，动词，其名词形式是reaction“(对某一情形或事件的)反应”。故答案是reaction。 14. annual“一年一度的，每年的”，形容词，其副词形式是在形容词后加-ly，即annually“一年一次，每年”。故答案是annually。 二、单句语法填空题:在空格处填入1个适当的单词或用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The theme park opens at 10:30 a.m. and (admit) is free. 【答案】admission 【详解】考查名词。句意：主题公园上午10:30开放，入场免费。设空处使用名词作主语，admit的名词为admission意为“入场费”，且admission为不可数名词，故填admission。 2. We have six English classes (week). 【答案】weekly 【详解】考查副词。句意：我们每周有六节英语课。分析句子结构，空处应用时间副词作状语，weekly是副词，表示“每周”，符合题意。故填weekly。 3. I have (confident) that we can build a low-carbon campus if we work together. 【答案】confidence 【详解】考查名词。句意：我有信心，如果我们共同努力，我们就能建设一个低碳校园。空格处作宾语，用名词confidence，意为“信心”，不可数名词。故填confidence。 4. It is (universe) acknowledged that wealth doesn't necessarily mean happiness. 【答案】universally 【详解】考查副词。句意：人们普遍认为，财富并不一定意味着幸福。修饰动词acknowledged应用universe的副词形式universally作状语，意为“普遍地”，It is universally acknowledged that…为固定句式，表示“人们普遍认为……”，符合语境。故填universally。 5. Face (cover) in sweat, he might be walking through the field, carefully checking his crops before deciding what needs to be done. 【答案】covered 【详解】考查独立主格。句意：满脸是汗的他可能正在田地里走来走去，在决定需要做什么之前仔细检查他的庄稼。根据空格前的face和空格后面的逗号可知，空格处应该用独立主格表示；动词cover与逻辑主语face之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词covered，构成“名词+过去分词”组成的独立主格。故填covered。 6. I had already taken steps to speed up a (solve) to the problem. 【答案】solution 【详解】考查名词。句意：我已经采取措施加快解决这个问题。空前有“a”，为不定冠词，作名词的限定词，因此所填应是名词。“solve”，动词，意为“解决，处理，解答”，其名词形式为“solution(解决方案，解答)”，“a solution to the problem”为动词短语“speed up”的宾语。故填solution。 7. Every student should learn to solve problems (creative) by thinking outside the box. 【答案】creatively 【详解】考查副词。句意：每个学生都应该学会通过跳出思维定势来创造性地解决问题。空处作状语，修饰动词solve，需用副词creatively“创造性地”。故填creatively。 8. I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond (recognize). 【答案】recognition 【详解】考查名词。句意：从Sara还是个小女孩时起，我就没再见过她，她现在已经变得让我认不出了。作介词的宾语，应用名词recognition，构成beyond recognition表示“认不出来”。故填recognition。 9. Do you like traveling by (airplanes) 【答案】airplane 【详解】考查名词。句意：你喜欢乘飞机旅行吗？分析句子可知，此处“by+交通工具”表示“乘坐……”，其中的名词使用名词单数在句中作宾语。故填airplane。 10. It is said that this subject is (option) in that school. 【答案】optional 【详解】考查形容词。句意：据说在那所学校，这门课程是选修的。作表语，用形容词optional，故填optional。 11. Please provide (finance) aid and other benefits for local people. 【答案】financial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：请为当地居民提供经济援助和其他福利。设空处应填形容词作定语修饰名词aid，所给词finance为名词，其形容词形式为financial，意为“经济的，财政的”，符合语境。故填financial。 12. Many objects in the universe are (visible), but they send radio waves. 【答案】invisible 【详解】考查形容词。句意：宇宙中的许多物体是看不见的，但它们发射无线电波。作表语，表示“看不见的”应用形容词invisible。故填invisible。 13. The judges give their grades on the (base) of fair principles, promising no cheating. 【答案】basis 【详解】考查名词。句意：评委们根据公平原则打分，并承诺绝不作弊。空处需填名词basis，作介词on的宾语，on the basis of为固定搭配，意为“以……为基础”。故填basis。 14. English and German are (close) related. 【答案】closely 【详解】考查副词。句意：德语和英语是密切相关的。根据句意及句子结构可知空处应为副词作状语修饰形容词related，故填closely。 15. These machines are designed to perform very (predict) activities. 【答案】predictable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些机器旨在执行非常可预测的活动。分析句子结构可知，此空应填形容词作定语修饰后面名词，predictable，表示“可预测的、可预料的”，为形容词，符合语境。故填predictable。 三、语法填空题:在空格处填入1个适当的单词或用所给单词的适当形式填空 Passage 1 （2025·山东·三模）阅读下列文章，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) marked its 76th anniversary on November 11th. Founded on Nov. 11, 1949, it 1 (start) with only a handful of outdated planes, having evolved into a modern force 2 (equip) with world-leading aircraft over the past seven decades. It now places growing emphasis 3 intelligent, information-driven capabilities. 4 (celebrate) the anniversary, the PLAAF released a microfilm named Dreaming Far, showcasing a threeaircraft formation of the Xuanlong-08 drone and two manned fighter jets (J-16 and J-20). This was the first time the PLAAF had published footage of manned and unmanned aircraft teaming up, 5 quickly captured nationwide attention. AI has become 6 key tool to hone pilots’ skills since 7 (technology) advancement was applied to the PLAAF. In simulated air combat against AI, pilot Ma Xiao faced unprecedented (前所未有的) challenges, noting that the AI “is working 8 (aggressive) and never makes mistakes.” With AI’s 9 (assist), pilots have made remarkable progress in real-combat-oriented training. The PLAAF’s transformation from mechanization to information 10 from air defense to offensive-defensive capabilities reflects its commitment to keeping pace with future warfare. As a comment put it, “In the past, we looked to foreign forces; now we look to ourselves.” 【答案】 1. started 2. equipped 3. on 4. To celebrate 5. which 6. a 7. technological 8. aggressively 9. assistance 10. and 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国人民解放军空军（PLAAF）的76周年纪念日相关情况 1. 考查动词时态。句意：它成立于1949年11月11日，最初只有几架过时的飞机，在过去七十年里，已发展成为一支配备世界领先战机的现代化力量。“成立之初只有少量老旧战机”是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，start的过去式是started。故填started。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它成立于1949年11月11日，最初只有几架过时的飞机，在过去七十年里，已发展成为一支配备世界领先战机的现代化力量。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，a modern force与equip之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填equipped。 3. 考查介词。句意：如今，它越来越重视智能化、信息化驱动的作战能力。place emphasis on是固定搭配，意为 “重视；强调”，符合语境。故填on。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为庆祝这一纪念日，中国人民解放军空军发布了一部名为Dreaming Far的微电影，展示了玄龙 - 08 无人机与两架有人战斗机（歼 - 16 和歼 - 20）组成的三机编队。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，此处表目的，即“为了庆祝纪念日”，用动词不定式作目的状语，句首首字母大写。故填To celebrate。 5. 考查定语从句。句意：这是中国人民解放军空军首次公布有人机与无人机协同作战的画面，此事迅速引起全国关注。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 6. 考查不定冠词。句意：自技术进步应用于中国人民解放军空军以来，人工智能已成为提升飞行员技能的关键工具。tool是可数名词单数，此处表示“一种关键工具”，表泛指，key以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。 7. 考查形容词。句意：自技术进步应用于中国人民解放军空军以来，人工智能已成为提升飞行员技能的关键工具。此处修饰名词advancement，需用形容词形式，technology的形容词是 technological（技术的）。故填technological。 8. 考查副词。句意：在与人工智能的模拟空战中，飞行员马晓面临了前所未有的挑战，他指出，人工智能“进攻性很强，而且从不犯错”。此处修饰动词working，需用副词形式，aggressive的副词是aggressively（攻击性地；积极地）。故填aggressively。 9. 考查名词。句意：在人工智能的协助下，飞行员在实战化训练中取得了显著进步。此处作介词With的宾语，且前面有AI’s 修饰，需用名词形式，assist的名词是assistance，为不可数名词。故填assistance。 10. 考查连词。句意：中国人民解放军空军从机械化向信息化、从防空向攻防兼备的转型，体现了其紧跟未来战争步伐的决心。根据前文“from mechanization to information”的结构，以及后文 “from air defense to offensive-defensive capabilities”的并列逻辑，此处需用并列连词and连接两个并列的表述。故填and。 Passage 2 （2025·河北沧州·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Having grown up in Arizona with the red plateaus (高原) of Sedona, I believed this southwestern state is home 1 the most beautiful landscape on Earth. No other scenery could compare with its endless blue sky and great mountains. I thought so until I 2 (invite) to visit a southwestern province in China. On my trip to Guizhou, I had the chance to go boating on Wanfeng Lake. At one point I rested, 3 (float) at the center of the lake, listening to the gaps in the silence and looking at the mountains around me. During my trip around the city of Xingyi, in Guizhou, I saw the artworks of the Bouyei ethnic group (布依族). They use colors 4 (produce) from plants to make clothes of bright blues and greens. Local 5 (resident) still practise weaving (编织) with wooden machines and pass that tradition on to their grandchildren. The history here is 6 (easy) noticed. One could reach out, touch it, and breathe it. It reminded me of my home. My mother chose 7 (make) our home more beautiful with paintings and some handmade artworks. The designs were ancient and carried 8 (unique) within them. I’ve lived away from Arizona for 10 years, living a new life in China. I’ve successfully built myself 9 career here. I feel as though I have everything 10 is valuable to me. For a moment in Guizhou, I felt at home. 【答案】 1. to 2. was invited 3. floating 4. produced 5. residents 6. easily 7. to make 8. uniqueness 9. a 10. that 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者受邀到访中国贵州后，领略了当地的湖光山色与布依族文化，感受到了家一般的亲切感，同时也讲述了自己在中国生活10年、扎根发展的经历。 1. 考查介词。句意：我在亚利桑那州塞多纳的红色高原长大，我认为这个西南部的州是地球上最美丽风景的所在地。固定搭配be home to 意为“是……的所在地；是……的家园”。故填to。 2. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：我一直是这么认为的，直到我被邀请去参观中国西南部的一个省份。此处为时间状语从句的谓语动词，主语I和动词invite之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；结合主句的thought可知，从句应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为I，be动词用was。故填was invited。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：有那么一刻，我停下来休息，漂浮在湖中央，聆听寂静中的间隙之声，眺望着周围的群山。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动 rested，此处应用非谓语动词；逻辑主语I和动词float之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填floating。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们用从植物中提取的染料来制作色彩鲜艳的蓝绿色衣物。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词use，此处应用非谓语动词；逻辑主语colors和动词produce之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，修饰colors。故填produced。 5. 考查名词复数。句意：当地居民仍然用木制机器织布，并将这一传统传承给孙辈。resident为可数名词，结合句中的谓语动词practise和pass可知，主语应用复数形式，泛指“当地的居民们”。故填residents。 6. 考查副词。句意：这里的历史很容易就能被感受到。此处修饰动词noticed，应用副词作状语，easy的副词形式为easily。故填easily。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我母亲选择用画作和一些手工艺品来让我们的家变得更漂亮。固定搭配choose to do sth. 意为“选择做某事”，此处应用不定式作宾语。故填to make。 8. 考查名词。句意：这些图案有着古老的韵味，蕴含着独特的价值。此处作动词carried的宾语，应用名词形式，unique的名词形式为uniqueness，意为“独特性；独特价值”，是不可数名词。故填uniqueness。 9. 考查冠词。句意：我在这里成功地开创了自己的一番事业。career为可数名词单数，此处泛指“一番事业”，且career是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 10. 考查定语从句。句意：我感觉我拥有了对我来说所有珍贵的东西。先行词是everything，为不定代词，关系词在定语从句中作主语，关系代词只能用that。故填that。 Passage 3 （2025·云南·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Increase your productivity. This is 1 AI tools attract its users. However, despite hopes that the technology will improve the 2 (efficient) of work, not everyone is on board. According to BBC, 59 percent of men aged 18 to 65 around the world use generative AI at least once a week, compared 3 51 percent of women. The gender gap is even 4 (wide) among younger people; 71 percent of men and 59 percent of women aged 18 to 24 use generative AI weekly. Why are women less open to AI than men? According to AI expert Jodie Cook, this gap reflects the underrepresentation of women in STEM fields (science, technology, engineering and mathematics). “For ages, STEM fields 5 (lead) by males. The current pattern in the use of AI tools appears 6 (mirror) this difference,” Cook told the BBC． Certain patterns in female thinking might also play 7 role. In a survey of 486 students, 8 (divide) by academic performance, researchers found that high-performing female students were more likely to use ChatGPT only when it had been allowed by their professor. “It’s the idea that I have to do it on my own without 9 (take) shortcuts,” Cook explained. For some experts, women’s reluctance (不情愿) to use AI is troubling, as it could lead to technology being designed more for men. Others, however, are less alarmed, pointing out that AI may right now act more as a “digital toy”, and women may 10 (simple) be better at avoiding distractions. 【答案】 1. how 2. efficiency 3. with 4. wider 5. have been led 6. to mirror 7. a 8. divided 9. taking 10. simply 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，探讨了在使用人工智能工具方面存在的性别差异现象，即男性使用人工智能工具的比例高于女性，分析了造成这种差异的原因，包括女性在STEM领域代表性不足以及女性思维模式等因素，同时也提及了专家们对女性使用人工智能工具意愿较低这一现象的不同看法。 1. 考查表语从句。句意：这就是人工智能工具吸引用户的方式。is后面为表语从句，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，结合语境，此处表示方式，所以用连接副词how引导表语从句。故填how。 2. 考查名词。句意：然而，尽管人们希望这项技术能提高工作效率，但并非所有人都支持。根据空前的“the”以及空后的“of work”可知，此处需要用名词形式，efficient的名词是efficiency，意为“效率”。故填efficiency。 3. 考查介词。句意：据英国广播公司报道，全球18岁至65岁的男性中，59%的人每周至少使用一次生成式人工智能，而女性这一比例为51%。此处为固定搭配compared with，表示“与……相比”。故填with。 4. 考查形容词比较级。句意：年轻人中的性别差距更大；18岁至24岁的男性中，71%的人每周使用生成式人工智能，女性这一比例为59%。根据空前的even以及语境可知，此处表示与前文情况相比，年轻人中的性别差距更大，所以用形容词wide的比较级wider。故填wider。 5. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：长期以来，STEM领域一直由男性主导。根据时间状语“For ages”可知，此处强调从过去一直持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时，且主语STEM fields与lead之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态“have/has been +过去分词”，主语是复数，故填have been led。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：目前人工智能工具使用上的模式似乎反映了这种差异。此处为固定搭配appear to do sth.，表示“似乎做某事”，所以用动词不定式to mirror。故填to mirror。 7. 考查冠词。句意：女性思维中的某些模式可能也起了作用。此处为固定搭配play a role，表示“起作用”。故填a。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在一项对486名按学业成绩划分的学生的调查中，研究人员发现，成绩优异的女学生更有可能只有在教授允许的情况下才使用ChatGPT。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，students与divide之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词divided。故填divided。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：“这种想法就是我必须靠自己完成，不能走捷径，”库克解释道。空前为介词without，所以此处用动名词形式taking作宾语。故填taking。 10. 考查副词。句意：然而，另一些人则不那么担忧，他们指出，人工智能目前可能更像是一个“数字玩具”，而女性可能只是更善于避免分心。此处修饰句子，应用副词simply，意为“仅仅，只是”。故填simply。 Passage 4 （2025·湖北·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 “As a foreigner who has lived in China for 18 years, it is also my mission to tell Chinese stories well,” said Stuart Wiggin, 1 British vlogger, upon receiving the Friendship Envoy Award. Over the past decade, Wiggin 2 (publish) hundreds of vlogs on social media platforms, sharing genuine and objective perspectives on China 3 (promote) cultural exchange and deepen global understanding of the country. His journey through China began with a graduation trip, 4 the obvious enthusiasm and confidence surrounding Beijing’s 2008 Olympics fascinated him. The dynamism of Chinese culture, alongside the deep sense of history he felt when walking through the hutongs, 5 (make) him fall in love with the capital. Living in China has taken Wiggin to countless cities and villages, 6 (immerse) him in diverse local customs. Among his most 7 (impress) experiences was a journey aboard a “slow train for public good” in Sichuan Province, which highlighted the train’s vital role in supporting remote communities and reducing 8 (poor). Onboard, he talked with many locals, whose conversations served as a reminder of how welcoming and friendly Chinese people are. Influenced by Chinese culture, he now approaches everything with a broader perspective, particularly attaching great value 9 family. “Cultural exchange is extremely significant because it promotes mutual (相互的) understanding, and that is 10 (essential) the key to achieving peace and harmony,” said Wiggin. 【答案】 1. a 2. has published 3. to promote 4. where 5. made 6. immersing 7. impressive 8. poverty 9. to 10. essentially 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了英国博主18年来，通过制作vlog分享真实的中国故事，积极促进跨文化交流。 1. 考查冠词。句意：“作为一名在中国生活了 18 年的外国人，我也有责任将中国的故事讲述得精彩动人。”英国视频博主斯图尔特·威金在接受“友好使者”奖时说道。此处vlogger为泛指，且British是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 2. 考查时态。句意：在过去十年里，威金在社交媒体平台上发布了数百个视频博客，分享了关于中国的真实且客观的观点，以促进文化交流并加深全球对这个国家的了解。根据时间状语over the past decade可知为现在完成时，主语为Wiggin，助动词用has。故填has published。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去十年里，威金在社交媒体平台上发布了数百个视频博客，分享了关于中国的真实且客观的观点，以促进文化交流并加深全球对这个国家的了解。此处promote作目的状语，用不定式。故填to promote。 4. 考查定语从句。句意：他对中国之旅的开端是一次毕业旅行，在那次旅行中，围绕着北京2008年奥运会所展现出的明显热情和自信深深吸引了他。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词a graduation trip，先行词在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 5. 考查时态。句意：中国文化的活力，以及他在漫步于胡同时所感受到的浓厚历史氛围，使他深深地爱上了这座首都城市。动作发生在过去用一般过去时。故填made。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在华生活让威金游历了众多城市和乡村，让他深入体验了各地独特的风俗习惯。此处immerse与上文句子构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填immersing。 7. 考查形容词。句意：在他最为难忘的经历中，有一段是在四川省乘坐“服务于公共利益的慢速列车”的经历，这段经历凸显了该列车在支持偏远地区和减少贫困方面所发挥的重要作用。修饰名词experiences用形容词impressive。故填impressive。 8. 考查名词。句意：在他最为难忘的经历中，有一段是在四川省乘坐“服务于公共利益的慢速列车”的经历，这段经历凸显了该列车在支持偏远地区和减少贫困方面所发挥的重要作用。本空位于动词reduce后，需要名词poverty作宾语。故填poverty。 9. 考查介词。句意：受到中国文化的影响，他现在看待一切问题都更具全局性，尤其非常重视家庭。短语attach…to…表示“把……附在……上”。故填to。 10. 考查副词。句意：威金说：“文化交流意义重大，因为它有助于增进彼此的了解，而这正是实现和平与和谐的关键所在。”修饰整个句子用副词essentially。故填essentially。 Passage 5 （2025·浙江·一模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wuhan, China, is home to one of the world’s most striking architectural wonders—the Wuhan Greenland Center. Rising to 1 height of 475 meters, this skyscraper (摩天楼) is a symbol of human wisdom and the endless pursuit of innovation. 2 (design) to inspire and redefine urban skylines, it stands 3 a landmark of progress and sophistication (精密). The Wuhan Greenland Center isn’t just another tall building, 4 a victory of architectural brilliance and engineering expertise. Its aerodynamic design isn’t merely for aesthetic appeal — it significantly reduces wind 5 (resist), ensuring stability at towering heights. This feature makes it not only an engineering wonder but also an environmentally 6 (consider) structure, showing how form and function can work harmoniously. Beyond its breathtaking appearance, the Wuhan Greenland Center owns a carefully designed interior (内部) 7 combines luxury with practicality. The tower 8 (house) state-of-the-art offices, luxurious residences, and high-quality commercial spaces. The Wuhan Greenland Center is a typical example of the boundless 9 (possibility) of modern architecture. It redefines what is achievable in urban development and inspires future generations to dream big. As a masterpiece of design, engineering, and luxury, this skyscraper represents the spirit of progress and the potential of humanity 10 (reshape) the world, one innovative structure at a time. 【答案】 1. a 2. Designed 3. as 4. but 5. resistance 6. considerate 7. that/which 8. houses 9. possibilities 10. to reshape 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了武汉绿地中心的特点、设计、功能及意义。 1. 考查冠词。句意：这座摩天大楼高475米，是人类智慧和不断创新追求的象征。“a height of + 数字”意为“高度达……”，为固定搭配。故填a。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它的设计旨在激发灵感并重新定义城市天际线，是进步和精致的标志。本句已有谓语动词stands，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作状语；design与主语it之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词designed作状语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Designed。 3. 考查介词。句意：它的设计旨在激发灵感并重新定义城市天际线，是进步和精致的标志。stand as“作为……而存在”，固定搭配，符合题意。故填as。 4. 考查连词。句意：武汉绿地中心不仅仅是另一座高楼，而是建筑辉煌和工程专业知识的胜利。not…but…“不是……而是……”，固定搭配，符合题意。故填but。 5. 考查名词。句意：它的空气动力学设计不仅仅是为了美观——它大大减少了风阻，确保了在高耸的高度上的稳定性。此处需填名词作reduce的宾语，resist的名词形式是resistance“阻力”，为不可数名词。wind resistance“风阻”。故填resistance。 6. 考查形容词。句意：这一特点使其不仅成为一项工程奇迹，而且成为一座环保建筑，展示了形式和功能如何和谐共存。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词structure；consider的形容词considerate“体贴的，考虑周到的”，符合题意。故填considerate。 7. 考查定语从句。句意：除了令人惊叹的外观，武汉绿地中心还拥有精心设计的内部，将奢华与实用性结合在一起。空处引导定语从句，先行词是interior，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。故填that/which。 8. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这座塔拥有最先进的办公室、豪华住宅和高质量的商业空间。house作动词时表示“容纳”，在句中作谓语。本句陈述事实，谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是单数the tower。故填houses。 9. 考查名词复数。句意：武汉绿地中心是现代建筑无限可能性的典型例子。possibility“可能性”，可数名词，由boundless可知，空处名词需用复数形式。故填possibilities。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这座摩天大楼作为设计、工程和奢华的杰作，代表了进步的精神和人类重塑世界的潜力，一次一个创新的结构。the potential to do sth.“做某事的潜力”，此处需用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to reshape。 14 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前特训·期末 期末复习--词性转换&语法填空（人外研版2019） 高三第一学期 （构词法）期末考前易错特训 班级 姓名 学号 分数 内 容 提 要 一、词性变化默写 Exercise 1-3 二、 单句语法填空 Exercise 1 –15 三、 语法填空高考模拟 Passage 1 -5 一、根据提示，完成下面词性变化练习 词性转换 1．sink v.使（船）沉没→（过去式） →（过去分词） 2．fault n.责任，过错→ adj.有错误的，有缺点的 3．breath n.呼出的气→ v.呼吸 4．annoy v.使……不悦；惹恼→ adj.恼怒的，烦恼的，感到生气的→ adj.令人生气的 5．adjust v.适应，（使）习惯，调整→ n.适应，调整，调节 6．complex adj.复杂的→ n.复杂性，错综复杂 7．embarrass v.使尴尬，使窘迫→ n.尴尬，难为情→ adj.感到尴尬的→ adj.令人尴尬的 8．frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的→ adv.坦率地，直率地 9．depend v.依赖，依靠→ adj.依靠的；依赖的→ n.依赖，依靠→ adj.独立的→ n.独立 词性转换 1. extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长→ n.延长；延伸；扩建部分→ adj. 广阔的，大量的，广泛的→ adj. 延长了的，扩展了的 2. negotiate vt.商定； 达成(协议)　vi. 谈判； 磋商； 协商→ n. 商定；谈判；协商→ adj. 可协商的，可讨论的 3. royal adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的→ n. 王室；王族；王权 → adv. 庄严地 4. withdraw vi.& vt.(使)撤回； 撤离→ n.撤走；撤回 5. profession n.职业；行业→ adj.职业的→ n.教授 6. politics n. 政治，政治观点→ adj. 政治的；党派的→ n. 政治家，政客 7. mixture n.混合；结合体；混合物→ v.混合；融合→ adj.混合的；混杂的 8. applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌vt.称赞；赞赏→ n.鼓掌；喝彩 9. murder n.谋杀；凶杀vt.谋杀；凶杀；毁坏→ n.凶手；谋杀犯 10. mercy n.仁慈；宽恕；恩惠→ adj.仁慈的；怜悯的 → adj. 毫不怜悯的；无情的；残忍的 11.possession n.个人财产；拥有；控制→ vt.拥有；具有；控制 词性转换 1. measure v.量，测量→ n.测量；尺寸 2. determine v.测定，确定→ adj.坚决的；有决心的→ n.决心 3. solve vt.解决→ n.解决，解决方法 4. amaze v.使惊讶→ adj.惊人的，了不起的→ adj.惊讶的→ n.惊奇 5. survive v.活下来，幸存→ n.幸存；残存物→ n.幸存者 6. effect n.影响，结果→ adj.有效的 7. vary v.变化→ n.多样化，变化→ adj.多种多样的 8. concentrate v.专注，专心→ adj.浓缩的；集中的；全力以赴的→ n.专心 9. freeze v.突然停止，呆住→ adj.极冷的，严寒的  n.冰点→ adj.冷冻的；冻坏的 10. accommodate v.容纳；使适应→ n.住处，工作场所 11. recover v.(从糟糕经历中)恢复→ n.恢复 12. shock n.吃惊，震惊→ adj.令人震惊的→ adj.感到震惊的 13. react vi.作出反应；回应→ n.(对某一情形或事件的)反应 14. annual adj.一年一度的，每年的→ adv.一年一次，每年 二、单句语法填空题:在空格处填入1个适当的单词或用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The theme park opens at 10:30 a.m. and (admit) is free. 2. We have six English classes (week). 3. I have (confident) that we can build a low-carbon campus if we work together. 4. It is (universe) acknowledged that wealth doesn't necessarily mean happiness. 5. Face (cover) in sweat, he might be walking through the field, carefully checking his crops before deciding what needs to be done. 6. I had already taken steps to speed up a (solve) to the problem. 7. Every student should learn to solve problems (creative) by thinking outside the box. 8. I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond (recognize). 9. Do you like traveling by (airplanes) 10. It is said that this subject is (option) in that school. 11. Please provide (finance) aid and other benefits for local people. 12. Many objects in the universe are (visible), but they send radio waves. 13. The judges give their grades on the (base) of fair principles, promising no cheating. 14. English and German are (close) related. 15. These machines are designed to perform very (predict) activities. 三、语法填空题:在空格处填入1个适当的单词或用所给单词的适当形式填空 Passage 1 （2025·山东·三模）阅读下列文章，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) marked its 76th anniversary on November 11th. Founded on Nov. 11, 1949, it 1 (start) with only a handful of outdated planes, having evolved into a modern force 2 (equip) with world-leading aircraft over the past seven decades. It now places growing emphasis 3 intelligent, information-driven capabilities. 4 (celebrate) the anniversary, the PLAAF released a microfilm named Dreaming Far, showcasing a threeaircraft formation of the Xuanlong-08 drone and two manned fighter jets (J-16 and J-20). This was the first time the PLAAF had published footage of manned and unmanned aircraft teaming up, 5 quickly captured nationwide attention. AI has become 6 key tool to hone pilots’ skills since 7 (technology) advancement was applied to the PLAAF. In simulated air combat against AI, pilot Ma Xiao faced unprecedented (前所未有的) challenges, noting that the AI “is working 8 (aggressive) and never makes mistakes.” With AI’s 9 (assist), pilots have made remarkable progress in real-combat-oriented training. The PLAAF’s transformation from mechanization to information 10 from air defense to offensive-defensive capabilities reflects its commitment to keeping pace with future warfare. As a comment put it, “In the past, we looked to foreign forces; now we look to ourselves.” Passage 2 （2025·河北沧州·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Having grown up in Arizona with the red plateaus (高原) of Sedona, I believed this southwestern state is home 1 the most beautiful landscape on Earth. No other scenery could compare with its endless blue sky and great mountains. I thought so until I 2 (invite) to visit a southwestern province in China. On my trip to Guizhou, I had the chance to go boating on Wanfeng Lake. At one point I rested, 3 (float) at the center of the lake, listening to the gaps in the silence and looking at the mountains around me. During my trip around the city of Xingyi, in Guizhou, I saw the artworks of the Bouyei ethnic group (布依族). They use colors 4 (produce) from plants to make clothes of bright blues and greens. Local 5 (resident) still practise weaving (编织) with wooden machines and pass that tradition on to their grandchildren. The history here is 6 (easy) noticed. One could reach out, touch it, and breathe it. It reminded me of my home. My mother chose 7 (make) our home more beautiful with paintings and some handmade artworks. The designs were ancient and carried 8 (unique) within them. I’ve lived away from Arizona for 10 years, living a new life in China. I’ve successfully built myself 9 career here. I feel as though I have everything 10 is valuable to me. For a moment in Guizhou, I felt at home. Passage 3 （2025·云南·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Increase your productivity. This is 1 AI tools attract its users. However, despite hopes that the technology will improve the 2 (efficient) of work, not everyone is on board. According to BBC, 59 percent of men aged 18 to 65 around the world use generative AI at least once a week, compared 3 51 percent of women. The gender gap is even 4 (wide) among younger people; 71 percent of men and 59 percent of women aged 18 to 24 use generative AI weekly. Why are women less open to AI than men? According to AI expert Jodie Cook, this gap reflects the underrepresentation of women in STEM fields (science, technology, engineering and mathematics). “For ages, STEM fields 5 (lead) by males. The current pattern in the use of AI tools appears 6 (mirror) this difference,” Cook told the BBC． Certain patterns in female thinking might also play 7 role. In a survey of 486 students, 8 (divide) by academic performance, researchers found that high-performing female students were more likely to use ChatGPT only when it had been allowed by their professor. “It’s the idea that I have to do it on my own without 9 (take) shortcuts,” Cook explained. For some experts, women’s reluctance (不情愿) to use AI is troubling, as it could lead to technology being designed more for men. Others, however, are less alarmed, pointing out that AI may right now act more as a “digital toy”, and women may 10 (simple) be better at avoiding distractions. Passage 4 （2025·湖北·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 “As a foreigner who has lived in China for 18 years, it is also my mission to tell Chinese stories well,” said Stuart Wiggin, 1 British vlogger, upon receiving the Friendship Envoy Award. Over the past decade, Wiggin 2 (publish) hundreds of vlogs on social media platforms, sharing genuine and objective perspectives on China 3 (promote) cultural exchange and deepen global understanding of the country. His journey through China began with a graduation trip, 4 the obvious enthusiasm and confidence surrounding Beijing’s 2008 Olympics fascinated him. The dynamism of Chinese culture, alongside the deep sense of history he felt when walking through the hutongs, 5 (make) him fall in love with the capital. Living in China has taken Wiggin to countless cities and villages, 6 (immerse) him in diverse local customs. Among his most 7 (impress) experiences was a journey aboard a “slow train for public good” in Sichuan Province, which highlighted the train’s vital role in supporting remote communities and reducing 8 (poor). Onboard, he talked with many locals, whose conversations served as a reminder of how welcoming and friendly Chinese people are. Influenced by Chinese culture, he now approaches everything with a broader perspective, particularly attaching great value 9 family. “Cultural exchange is extremely significant because it promotes mutual (相互的) understanding, and that is 10 (essential) the key to achieving peace and harmony,” said Wiggin. Passage 5 （2025·浙江·一模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wuhan, China, is home to one of the world’s most striking architectural wonders—the Wuhan Greenland Center. Rising to 1 height of 475 meters, this skyscraper (摩天楼) is a symbol of human wisdom and the endless pursuit of innovation. 2 (design) to inspire and redefine urban skylines, it stands 3 a landmark of progress and sophistication (精密). The Wuhan Greenland Center isn’t just another tall building, 4 a victory of architectural brilliance and engineering expertise. Its aerodynamic design isn’t merely for aesthetic appeal — it significantly reduces wind 5 (resist), ensuring stability at towering heights. This feature makes it not only an engineering wonder but also an environmentally 6 (consider) structure, showing how form and function can work harmoniously. Beyond its breathtaking appearance, the Wuhan Greenland Center owns a carefully designed interior (内部) 7 combines luxury with practicality. The tower 8 (house) state-of-the-art offices, luxurious residences, and high-quality commercial spaces. The Wuhan Greenland Center is a typical example of the boundless 9 (possibility) of modern architecture. It redefines what is achievable in urban development and inspires future generations to dream big. As a masterpiece of design, engineering, and luxury, this skyscraper represents the spirit of progress and the potential of humanity 10 (reshape) the world, one innovative structure at a time. 6 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $