第06讲 选择必修二Unit 2 重难知识综合复习（寒假复习讲义）高二英语译林版

专题06 Sports culture (选择必修二) 考点聚焦：核心考点+小考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点+关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容+标注讲解，能力提升 学以致用：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 重点单词 1. solidarity 　　 n. 团结，齐心协力 2. humanity n. (统称)人，人类；人性；人道，仁慈 3. ambition n. 追求的目标，夙愿；野心，雄心，壮志 4. fellow adj. 同类的，同情况的，同伴的 n. 同辈，同类；男人，家伙 5. session n. 一段时间，一场；会议，开庭；学年 6. constitution n. 体质，身体素质；宪法，章程 7. celebrity n. 名人；名望 8. humility n. 谦逊，谦虚 9. grace n. 高雅，文雅；优美；风度，体面 10. idiom n. 习语，成语 11. league n. 联赛；等级，级别 12. insurance n. 保险业；保险；保险费 13. unintentionally adv. 无意地，非故意地 14. joint adj. 联合的，共同的 n. 关节；接合处 15. boundary n. 边界，分界线 16. demonstrate vt. 表现，表露；证实，证明；示范，演示 vi. 游行示威 17. afterwards adv. 以后，后来 18. proceed vi. 接着做，继而做，继续从事(或进行)；行进，前往 19. consistent adj. 一致的，始终如一的；连续的 20. rank vi. & vt. 属于某等级，把……分等级；排列，使排成行 n. 地位，级别；等级；排，列；军衔 21. trend n. 趋势，趋向 22. identical adj. 完全同样的 23. relay n. 接力赛 vt. 转发(信息、消息等)；播放，转播 24. amateur n. 业余运动员，业余爱好者；生手，外行 adj. 业余的 25. pour vt. & vi. 倒，斟；倾倒，倒出；涌流，倾泻；下大雨 26. dignity n. 尊严；自尊；高贵 27. backfire vi. 产生事与愿违的不良(或危险)后果 28. handle vt. 处理，应付；控制，操纵 n. 把手，拉手；柄 29. cruel adj. 刻毒伤人的；残酷的 30. participate vi. 参加，参与→participation n. 参加，参与→participant n. 参加者，参与者 31. compete vi. 参加比赛；竞争→competition n. 比赛；竞争→competitive adj. 竞争的，竞赛的→competitor n. 比赛者；竞赛者 32. race n. 人种； 民族； 种族→racial adj. 种族的；种族间的→racially adv. 种族地 33. diverse adj. 多种多样的，不同的→diversity n. 多样性 34. motivate vt. 激励，激发；成为……的动机，是……的原因→motivated adj. 积极的，主动的→motivation n. 动机；积极性 35. applaud vt. & vi. 称赞，赞许；鼓掌→applause n. 掌声，鼓掌，喝彩 36. elect v. 选举，推选，当选→election n. 选举，推选；当选 37. faith n. 信心；宗教信仰→faithful adj. 忠实的，可靠的→faithfully adv. 忠实地；如实地 38. ambition n. 追求的目标，夙愿；野心，雄心，壮志→ambitious adj. 有雄心的，有野心的→ambitiously adv. 雄心勃勃地；劲头十足地 39. gradual adj. 渐渐的，逐渐的→gradually adv. 逐步地，逐渐地 40. limit n. 限制；极限；界限，限度；限量，限额 vt. 限制，限定；限量，减量→limited adj. 有限的→limitless adj. 无限的 41. oppose v. 反对→opposed adj. 反对的→opposing adj. 对抗的；相反的→opponent n. 对手，竞争者；反对者 42. selfish adj. 自私的→unselfish adj. 无私的，忘我的→unselfishness n. 无私→unselfishly adv. 无私地 43. insure vt. 给……保险；确保→insurance n. 保险；保险业；保险费 44. complain vi. & vt. 抱怨，投诉→complaint n. 抱怨 45. remark n. 谈论，言论 vi. & vt. 说起，评论→remarkable adj. 值得注意的，不寻常的 核心考点 考点1 participate vi. 参加,参与→________ n. 参加者,参与者→________ n. 参与;分享 participate ________　　　　参加 【答案】participant; participation; in 【考点再现】单句语法填空 The number of people (participate) in physical fitness activities has increased sharply. （25-26高二上·江苏无锡·阶段练习） 【思路点拨】考查非谓语动词。句意：参与体育锻炼的人数大幅增加。此处participate与people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填participating。 【答案】participating 考点2 compete vi. 参加比赛;竞争→________n. 比赛;竞争→________n. 竞争者;对手→________adj. 竞争的;有竞争力的 compete ________　 参加……比赛;在……方面竞争 compete ________ 为……而竞争 compete ________. . . for 为争取……而与……对抗/竞争 【答案】competition; competitor; competitive; in; for; with/against 【考点再现】单句语法填空 More than 10,000 competitors from different countries came to Beijing and (compete) with each other in the competitive games for medals. （25-26高一上·重庆·月考） 【思路点拨】考查时态。句意：来自不同国家的一万多名运动员来到北京，在竞技比赛中争夺奖牌。and前后时态一致，由前面的came可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填competed。 【答案】competed 考点3 motivate vt. 激励,激发;成为……的动机,是……的原因→________adj. 有动机的;有积极性的→________ n. 动机;积极性 (1)motivate sb. ________ (do) sth. 激励某人做某事 be motivated ________ 被……所激励;出于…… (2) be motivated to do sth. 有动力做某事 【答案】motivated; motivation (1)to do (2)by 【考点再现】单句语法填空 Her strong to help others her to volunteer at the local shelter. (motive) （2025高三·全国·专题练习） 【思路点拨】考查名词，动词和时态。句意：她帮助他人的强烈动机促使她去当地收容所做志愿者。第一个空，根据空前Her strong可知，空处需用名词作主语，motive的名词为motivation，表示“动机”，由句意可知，此处特指她帮助他人的强烈动机，名词应用单数形式；第二个空，根据空后her to volunteer可知，可知使用固定短语motivate sb. to do sth.，意为“促使某人做某事”，由语境可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，需用动词motivate“促使”的过去式motivated作谓语。故填①motivation；②motivated。 【答案】motivation motivated 考点4 rank vi. & vt. 属于某等级,把……分等级;排列,使排成行 n. 地位,级别;等级;排,列;军衔 (1)rank ________　 跻身于……;属于……之列 rank. . . ________. . . 把……评为……;把……分等级 rank first/second/. . . 排名第一/第二/…… rank high 名列前茅 (2)the first rank ________ 【答案】(1)among; as (2)一流的 【考点再现】单句语法填空 The expert says up till now Inner Mongolia’s control effectiveness (rank) first among the 13 places involved that hopefully it will set an excellent example for others around the country to follow. （25-26高三上·湖北黄冈·阶段练习） 【思路点拨】考查时态和连词。句意：专家表示，截至目前，内蒙古的控制效果在13个相关地区中排名第一，希望它能为全国其他地区树立一个优秀的榜样。rank“排名”。“up till now Inner Mongolia’s control effectiveness _____ first among the 13 places involved”是宾语从句，其中up till now是现在完成时的标志词，表示从过去某一时间点开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，所以第一个空应用现在完成时，主语“Inner Mongolia’s control effectiveness”是第三人称单数形式，助动词用has，所以第一个空填has ranked。“up till now Inner Mongolia’s control effectiveness ____ (rank) first among the 13 places involved”和“that hopefully it will set an excellent example for others around the country to follow”均为say后的宾语从句，且两句之间为并列关系，需用并列连词and连接。故填①has ranked；②and。 【答案】has ranked and 考点5 limit n. 限度,限制;限量,限额;界限 vt. 限制,限定;限量,减量→________adj. 有限的→________ adj. 无限制的;无止境的 (1)limit. . . ________ . . . 把……限定在……范围内(to是介词,后接名词或动名词) (2)set a limit to sth. 　 对……限定范围(to是介词,后接名词或动名词) ________ the limits of 在……范围内 ________ the limit 超过限度;超越极限 【答案】limited; limitless (1)to (2)within; beyond 【考点再现】单句语法填空 The number of students in the computer class (limit) to ten. （2026高三·广东·专题练习） 【思路点拨】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：计算机课的学员人数被限制在十人以内。“the number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语用单数，陈述事实用一般现在时，且“数量被限制”需用被动语态，故填 is limited。 【答案】is limited 考点6 opposing adj. 对抗的,相反的→________vt. 反对;与……对抗→________ adj. 反对的;相反的→________prep. 在……对面adj. 对面的;相反的;对立的adv. 在对面n. 对立面;对立的人 (1)oppose ________ (do) sth. 反对做某事 (2)be opposed ________ (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事 (3)be opposite to 与……相反;在……对面 just the opposite 恰恰相反 【答案】oppose; opposed; opposite (1)doing (2)to 【考点再现】单句语法填空 He expressed an (oppose) view, arguing over the plan during the discussion. （25-26高一上·四川成都·阶段练习） 【思路点拨】考查形容词。句意：在讨论中，他表达了相反的观点，就该计划进行了争论。此处修饰名词“view”，需用形容词作定语；所给词“oppose”为动词，意为“反对”，其形容词形式为opposing/opposite，意为“相反的、对立的”。故填opposing/opposite。 【答案】opposing/opposite 考点7 complain vi. & vt. 抱怨,投诉→________n. 抱怨;投诉 (1)complain that. . . 　　 抱怨…… complain (to sb. ) ________ sth. (向某人)抱怨某事 (2) make a complaint ________ . . . 对……投诉 【答案】complaint (1)about/of (2)against/about 【考点再现】单句语法填空 Complaints can’t help solve any problems. We should stop (complain) and take action to make our earth a better place to live in.（25-26高二上·新疆昌吉·开学考试） 【思路点拨】考查非谓语动词。句意：抱怨不能解决任何问题。我们应该停止抱怨，采取行动使我们的地球成为一个更好的居住地。stop doing sth.是固定短语，意为“停止做某事”，强调停止正在进行的动作或行为。故填complaining。 【答案】complaining 考点8 handle vt. 处理,应付;控制,操纵 n. 把手,拉手;柄 (1)handle ________　　　 控制自己(的行为) handle well/badly 容易/不容易操纵 handle ________= manage it 应付得了 (2) get/have a handle ________ sb. /sth. 弄懂,理解,搞明白 give sb. a handle (on sth. ) 弄懂,明白,理解 fly ________ the handle 冒火;勃然大怒 【答案】(1)oneself; it (2)on; off 【考点再现】单句语法填空 Your car (handle) easily. It’s much better than mine. （2026高三·全国·专题练习） 【思路点拨】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：你的车好开。比我的好多了。空处作谓语，结合“It’s”可知，时态应用一般现在时，描述当前的情况，再结合“easily”可知，句子描述车子的内在特性，应用handle“驾驶”的主动形式表被动，且主语Your car是单数，handle需用第三人称单数形式。故填handles。 【答案】handles 考点9 cruel adj. 刻毒伤人的;残酷的→________ adv. 残酷地;非常→________ n. 残酷;残忍;残酷的行为 be cruel ________　　 对……残酷 a cruel blow 一大打击 【答案】cruelly; cruelty; to 【考点再现】单句语法填空 Though the storm destroyed their village, the survivors showed no to one another, sharing their last supplies equally. (cruel) （2025高三·全国·专题练习） 【思路点拨】考查形容词和名词。句意：尽管那场残酷的风暴摧毁了他们的村庄，但幸存者们彼此之间却毫无恶意，他们将最后的物资平均分给了彼此。第一空修饰名词storm用形容词cruel，作定语；第二空作动词的宾语，用名词，不可数。故填①cruel；②cruelty。 【答案】cruel cruelty 考点10 remark n. 谈论,言论vi. &vt. 说起,评论→________ adj. 显著的,非凡的,值得注意的 (1)remark ________ 谈论,评论,就……发表意见 remark that. . . 谈起,说起…… (2)make a remark/remarks on/about. . . 就……发表评论 (3)be remarkable________ 以……著称/引人瞩目 【答案】remarkable; on/upon; for 【考点再现】单句语法填空 She had made ________(remark) progress in her writing skills. 【思路点拨】考查形容词。句意：她的写作技巧有了显著的进步。修饰名词progress，需用形容词remarkable，作定语。故填remarkable。 【答案】remarkable。 重点短语 1. call on sb. to do sth. 　　正式邀请某人做某事;请求某人做某事  2. walk on air 欢天喜地, 得意扬扬  3. keep sth. in perspective 正确客观地看待  4. find one’s way into 偶然来到, 无意中处于  5. move the goalposts 改变条件(或规则)  6. score an own goal 进乌龙球;无意中做让自己吃亏的事  7. in the ballpark 差不多  8. a ballpark estimate 大致相近的估计  9. throw sb. a curveball 给某人出难题  10. three strikes and you are out 三振出局 11. below the belt 不公正的, 伤人的  12. throw in the towel 认输, 承认失败  13. die out 灭绝, 消失  14. side by side 并肩地, 并排  15. devote oneself to 致力于……, 献身于……   核心考点 考点1 call on sb. to do sth. 正式邀请某人做某事;请求某人做某事 call on/upon　 拜访(某人);号召 call up 给……打电话;使……回忆起 call at 拜访(某个地点);停靠;(短时间)停留 call off 取消;放弃 call for 要求;需要;去接(某人) call in 邀请;请来 【答案】to; tell 【考点再现】单句语法填空 We should call on people in the world ________(protect)the environment. 【思路点拨】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们应该呼吁全世界的人们保护环境。此处为短语call on sb. to do sth.表示“号召/呼吁某人做某事”。故填to protect。 【答案】to protect。 考点2 find one’s way into偶然来到,无意中处于 make one’s way to　 朝……走去,想方设法进入 fight one’s way 奋勇前进 feel one’s way 摸索前进 wind one’s way 蜿蜒前行 lose one’s way 迷路 push one’s way 挤着前进 lead one’s way 带头,领先 【考点再现】单句语法填空 I’ll find a way ________(improve) on my own. 【思路点拨】考查非谓语动词。句意：我会自己找到改进的方法。此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词way，应用不定式作后置定语，修饰名词way，way to do sth.固定搭配，意为“做某事的方法”，故填to improve。 【答案】to improve 重点句型 1. It was. . . who/that. . . 强调句 It was a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin, who brought the Olympics back to life.  是一位叫皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦的法国人使奥运会重现生机。 2. 介词短语位于句首的倒装 Among them are many well-known athletes, both male and female.  他们中有许多著名的运动员, 男女都有。 3. as if引导状语从句 As if that were not enough, she returned to the Olympics and won a silver medal in 2016, just two years after giving birth to her first child.  似乎那还不够, 2016年, 在生下第一个孩子仅仅两年后, 她重返奥运会, 并获得一枚银牌。 4. make+宾语+宾语补足语 Idioms make language more colourful and expressive.  习语使语言更加丰富多彩, 富有表现力。 5. so +助动词/be/ 情态动词+主语 Sport is challenging and so is life.  运动是充满挑战的, 生活亦是如此。 6. wish引导虚拟句 Thankfully, goalposts do not really move —but when a player scores an own goal, he or she might wish they did.  值得庆幸的是, 门柱不会真的移动, 但当一名球员踢进乌龙球时, 他或她可能希望门柱移动。 核心考点 1. It was. . . who/that. . . 强调句 It was a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin, who brought the Olympics back to life.  是一位叫皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦的法国人使奥运会重现生机。 (1)强调句型的基本构成是“It is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。 (2)如果原句中含有“not. . . until”,在强调时间状语时,将主句中的否定词not连同状语一起提前。 (3)强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前;特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词+is/was+it+that从句”。 (4)do/does/did只能对谓语进行强调,且只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。 【考点再现】单句语法填空 It was her unwavering perseverance finally helped her overcome all the difficulties.（2026高三·全国·专题练习） 【思路点拨】考查强调句。句意：正是她坚定不移的毅力最终帮助她克服了所有的困难。此处为强调句“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他，此处强调主语，主语不是人。故填that。 【答案】that 2. as if引导状语从句 As if that were not enough, she returned to the Olympics and won a silver medal in 2016, just two years after giving birth to her first child.  似乎那还不够, 2016年, 在生下第一个孩子仅仅两年后, 她重返奥运会, 并获得一枚银牌。 (1)as if/though引导状语从句,表虚拟时要遵循的原则: ①表示与现在事实相反,从句谓语动词用过去时(be动词用were); ②表示与过去事实相反,从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had done); ③表示与将来事实相反,从句谓语动词用would/could/might do。 (2)as if/though也可以引导分词短语、不定式短语、形容词或介词短语。 【考点再现】单句语法填空 The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she (be) their own mother. （2025高二上·全国·专题练习） 【思路点拨】考查虚拟语气。句意：孩子们对她很友好，甚至还尊敬她，好像她是他们的亲生母亲似的。as if从句中的内容与事实相反，应该用虚拟语气，谓语动词是be动词时，不管主语是单数还是复数，都用were。故填were。 【答案】were 重点语法 考点1 过去进行时的被动语态 　　过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某一特定时间某事正在被做,其构成形式为:was/were being done。 A lecture was being given by Professor Smith to us at this time yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午的这个时候史密斯教授正在给我们作报告。 【考点再现】单句语法填空 When we arrived at the garage, our car (repair), so we had to wait another twenty minutes.（25-26高一上·北京·月考） 【思路点拨】考查动词时态和语态。句意：当我们到达修车厂时，我们的车正在修理，所以我们不得不再等二十分钟。分析句子可知，句子前半句arrived是一般过去时，表明“到达修理厂” 是过去的某个时间点；后半句“不得不等20分钟”说明当时车子正在被修理，需要用过去进行时（was/were + doing）。主语our car和动词repair是被动关系（车是“被修理”的对象），因此要使用被动语态（be +过去分词）。our car是单数，be动词用was；repair的现在分词是repairing，过去分词是repaired，结合过去进行时的被动结构，最终填was being repaired。故填was being repaired。 【答案】was being repaired 考点2 过去完成时的被动语态 　过去完成时的被动语态表示过去某一时间之前已经被完成的动作。 The media reported that more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake. 媒体报道有1 000多人在地震中丧生。 【考点再现】单句语法填空 To my disappointment, the cake (eat) by my little brother before I even got home from work. （25-26高二上·广东·期中） 【思路点拨】考查动词时态和语态。句意：令我失望的是，我下班回家前，蛋糕就已经被我弟弟吃掉了。根据before从句中为一般过去时的got home和语境可知，“我下班回家”是过去的动作，“蛋糕被吃掉”发生在“回家”之前，即“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时；且主语“the cake”与动词“eat”之间是被动关系，故应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been eaten。 【答案】had been eaten 一、语法填空 1．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）When the education inspector visited the village school last week, the old classrooms (decorate) with hand-painted paintings by the teachers and students to welcome the new semester. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）It was the first time that the patient (inform) about the risks of the surgery so clearly. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）During the interview with the famous writer, we learned that her new novel (translate) into three foreign languages when she won the literary award last month. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）At the time of the sudden power failure last night, the final scene of the school’s graduation play (shoot) in the auditorium, which made the cast and crew very anxious. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）By the time Zhu Ping was appointed to participate in the cathedral’s restoration in February 2023, relevant research on burned wood relics (finish) by the Chinese team. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．（2026高三·广东·专题练习）By the time we attended the lecture, the topic (already discuss) by the speaker for 20 minutes. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．（2026高三·广东·专题练习）The meeting room (clean) when we arrived there this morning, so we had to wait outside. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．（2025高三·云南·专题练习）The classroom (clean) before the meeting yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．（2025高三·云南·专题练习）When I got to the cinema, the tickets (sell) out. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．（2026高三·上海·专题练习）The researchers took recordings from across 43 sites in the Ecuadorian Rainforest (厄瓜多尔雨林). Some sites were relatively primitive, old-growth forests. Others were areas that (clear) for pasture (牧场) already. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．（2026高三·上海·专题练习）This genetic influence (observe) in between 34 per cent for frequency of garden visits and 44 per cent for public nature space visits, they said. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．（2025高二·全国·专题练习）When I got to the teahouse yesterday, I just found the activity (cancel) as nobody was there. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．（2025高二·全国·专题练习）The grass-fed beef (sell) out when my mom got to the supermarket. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．（25-26高二上·陕西西安·月考）It was the third time that a community library (found) in that rural area. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．（25-26高二上·江苏·阶段练习）Three months ago, my friends told me that football matches (organize) then to promote economy and tourism. (所给词的适当形式填空) 提升专练 一、阅读理解 （25-26高一上·江苏扬州·期中）Susan Ringwood greets all guests with a simple invitation: to join her in swimming in cold water in the swimming pool. Her offer isn’t limited to the summer months, either. Ringwood and her husband Gary swim in cold water in the swimming pool all year round. “To me, it’s not just about swimming. It’s a unique experience” she says. Ringwood simply calls her hobby “swimming”, but some winter fans have begun to promote cold-water swimming as a treatment for a variety of diseases. While cold-water swimming is a newfound passion, scientists say that there’s not much evidence supporting the claims of these health benefits. Nor is the activity without risk. “Extreme temperature changes can potentially cause heart attacks, even death,” says Francois Haman, a scientist at the University of Ottawa in Canada. When your body meets cold water, it can be shocking. Scientists call this the “cold shock” response. When your skin senses the freezing water, it causes you to take a quick deep breath for air and your heart rate to rise quickly to a very high level, which leads to an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. Haman says that being in cold water is more dangerous than in cold air. Water conducts heat much more effectively than air, meaning that it can draw the heat from your body more quickly and efficiently. For those new to the sport, Haman suggests starting slowly, getting used to colder water during the fall, especially paying attention to safety. According to supporters, cold-water swimming can improve health and immunity (免疫力), and help relieve pain. But while there is some previous scientific research to support these claims, Denis Blondin, a professor at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, says that many of these studies included only a small number of people taking part in surveys who were mainly young men from European countries, which limits what scientists can say more broadly and in other populations. 1．Why does the author tell Ringwood’s story? A．To attract visitors to swimming. B．To introduce the topic of cold-water swimming. C．To call on guests to join Ringwood. D．To stress the benefits of swimming. 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The “cold shock” response will cause heart rate to rise. B．Heart rate and blood pressure tend to increase in winter. C．Swimming in cold water can be a danger for some reason. D．Some preparations can be made before a cold-water swim. 3．What might Haman agree with according to the text? A．Staying in cold air is not as dangerous as in cold water. B．The benefits of cold-water swimming have been proved. C．Extreme temperature changes are dangerous but not deadly. D．Cold-water swimming isn’t suitable for those new to the sport. 4．What is Blondin’s attitude to previous research? A．Uncertain. B．Supportive. C．Uncaring. D．Doubtful. 二、阅读七选五 （25-26高三上·陕西西安·期中）How to Choose the Right Sport for You Choosing the right sport can be a challenging task, especially with so many options available. Whether you are looking to stay fit, make friends, or develop new skills, the right sport can bring joy and fulfillment to your life. Here are some tips to help you make the right choice: 1 . Before choosing a sport, think about your goals. Do you want to improve your physical fitness, learn a new skill, or meet new people? Your goals will help narrow down your options. For example, if you want to stay fit, you might consider running or swimming. If you want to make friends, team sports like basketball or volleyball are great choices. 2 . Consider your physical condition and abilities. Some sports require a high level of physical strength and endurance, while others are more gentle and low-impact. If you have joint problems, sports like yoga or cycling might be better for you. If you are energetic and enjoy intense activities, you might prefer football or tennis. 3 . Think about your schedule and how much time you can commit to practicing. Some sports require daily practice, while others can be enjoyed on weekends. If you have a busy schedule, choose a sport that is flexible and doesn’t take up too much time. For example, hiking or badminton can be played in your free time without a strict schedule. 4 . Try out different sports before making a final decision. Many communities offer free or low-cost trial classes, allowing you to experience different sports and see which one you enjoy the most. Don’t be afraid to try something new — you might discover a passion for a sport you never considered before. 5 . Consider the cost of the sport. Some sports require expensive equipment or membership fees, while others are affordable. Before choosing a sport, make sure you can afford the equipment, classes, or memberships needed. For example, skiing can be expensive, while running only requires a good pair of shoes. A．Consider your goals B．Think about your physical condition C．Try out different sports D．Check the weather conditions E．Consider your schedule F．Think about the cost G．Choose a sport that is popular 三、完形填空 （25-26高二上·广东广州·期中）During the holiday season in 2015, Felicia Hall was battling depression. “I was unhappy, overeating fast food at night and not really caring for myself. I wasn’t physically 1 , but always felt tired,” she says. It wasn’t until New Year that Hall wanted to make a 2 . A friend recommended Daily Burn, a workout program, and she 3 to sign up. “I registered, though not believing I can keep on. I even set a 4 on the phone to cancel it before the free trial ended,” says Hall. “Within two weeks, I did not 5 . So I deleted the note.” The 6 gained from Daily Burn also got her running. “I love the sound of 7 my feet on the ground, knowing my body is 8 of doing that,” she says. Hall also 9 her late-night fast-food sessions and started cooking healthy meals. After five months, Hall lost 20 pounds-and gained a new 10 on exercise, and on life. She consistently 11 the Daily Burn community group for support. And she 12 started teaching group fitness classes in her hometown. 13 , she learned the power of positive thought and self-belief. “To be physically able to exercise and continue to 14 with it — it’s an amazing gift,” she says. “People not experiencing it aren’t 15 what something like this can do for a person. It’s not just physical — it’s mental. It’s everything.” 1．A．challenged B．tolerant C．active D．limited 2．A．difference B．change C．living D．deal 3．A．continued B．managed C．decided D．promised 4．A．reminder B．deadline C．monitor D．timetable 5．A．advance B．forget C．hesitate D．withdraw 6．A．confidence B．wellness C．passion D．support 7．A．laying B．hitting C．stamping D．beating 8．A．sick B．afraid C．sure D．capable 9．A．transformed B．enriched C．rescheduled D．restored 10．A．focus B．emphasis C．attitude D．remark 11．A．called on B．relied on C．appealed to D．turned to 12．A．even B．still C．ever D．almost 13．A．By chance B．In fact C．Above all D．At first 14．A．practice B．combine C．struggle D．grow 15．A．worried B．aware C．satisfied D．certain 四、语法填空 （25-26高一上·浙江杭州·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式)。 While parents and educators worry that children have been doing too little exercise, a sixth grade class from RDFZ Chaoyang School finished their 100th 5-kilometer morning jogging program on Saturday to celebrate their upcoming 1 (graduate). 2 (strengthen) their physical fitness, the program is organized every Saturday morning with the guidance of a parent coach. Their first run in September 2021 proved that 3 beginning is always the hardest. After running for hundreds of meters, some students 4 (feel) shortness of breath, while others had to lean (靠) on each other 5 support to reach the finish line. Despite the challenges, their 6 (effort) have continued since the program began. National surveys have shown a rapid increase in the number of overweight teenagers. According to data 7 (publish) at the 10th China Obesity Science Conference, one in five people aged 6 to 17 is overweight or obese (肥胖), up from one in 20 in 1995. The government has noticed the connection between the decline in physical exercise and health problems. In response, a series of measures, such as the nationwide “double reduction” policy, 8 (introduce) to reduce students’ academic pressure 9 increase their exercise time in recent years. The sixth-grade jogging program provides a platform, 10 students can experience health, happiness and friendship through physical activity. 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 Sports culture (选择必修二) 考点聚焦：核心考点+小考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点+关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容+标注讲解，能力提升 学以致用：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 重点单词 1. solidarity 　　 n. 团结，齐心协力 2. humanity n. (统称)人，人类；人性；人道，仁慈 3. ambition n. 追求的目标，夙愿；野心，雄心，壮志 4. fellow adj. 同类的，同情况的，同伴的 n. 同辈，同类；男人，家伙 5. session n. 一段时间，一场；会议，开庭；学年 6. constitution n. 体质，身体素质；宪法，章程 7. celebrity n. 名人；名望 8. humility n. 谦逊，谦虚 9. grace n. 高雅，文雅；优美；风度，体面 10. idiom n. 习语，成语 11. league n. 联赛；等级，级别 12. insurance n. 保险业；保险；保险费 13. unintentionally adv. 无意地，非故意地 14. joint adj. 联合的，共同的 n. 关节；接合处 15. boundary n. 边界，分界线 16. demonstrate vt. 表现，表露；证实，证明；示范，演示 vi. 游行示威 17. afterwards adv. 以后，后来 18. proceed vi. 接着做，继而做，继续从事(或进行)；行进，前往 19. consistent adj. 一致的，始终如一的；连续的 20. rank vi. & vt. 属于某等级，把……分等级；排列，使排成行 n. 地位，级别；等级；排，列；军衔 21. trend n. 趋势，趋向 22. identical adj. 完全同样的 23. relay n. 接力赛 vt. 转发(信息、消息等)；播放，转播 24. amateur n. 业余运动员，业余爱好者；生手，外行 adj. 业余的 25. pour vt. & vi. 倒，斟；倾倒，倒出；涌流，倾泻；下大雨 26. dignity n. 尊严；自尊；高贵 27. backfire vi. 产生事与愿违的不良(或危险)后果 28. handle vt. 处理，应付；控制，操纵 n. 把手，拉手；柄 29. cruel adj. 刻毒伤人的；残酷的 30. participate vi. 参加，参与→participation n. 参加，参与→participant n. 参加者，参与者 31. compete vi. 参加比赛；竞争→competition n. 比赛；竞争→competitive adj. 竞争的，竞赛的→competitor n. 比赛者；竞赛者 32. race n. 人种； 民族； 种族→racial adj. 种族的；种族间的→racially adv. 种族地 33. diverse adj. 多种多样的，不同的→diversity n. 多样性 34. motivate vt. 激励，激发；成为……的动机，是……的原因→motivated adj. 积极的，主动的→motivation n. 动机；积极性 35. applaud vt. & vi. 称赞，赞许；鼓掌→applause n. 掌声，鼓掌，喝彩 36. elect v. 选举，推选，当选→election n. 选举，推选；当选 37. faith n. 信心；宗教信仰→faithful adj. 忠实的，可靠的→faithfully adv. 忠实地；如实地 38. ambition n. 追求的目标，夙愿；野心，雄心，壮志→ambitious adj. 有雄心的，有野心的→ambitiously adv. 雄心勃勃地；劲头十足地 39. gradual adj. 渐渐的，逐渐的→gradually adv. 逐步地，逐渐地 40. limit n. 限制；极限；界限，限度；限量，限额 vt. 限制，限定；限量，减量→limited adj. 有限的→limitless adj. 无限的 41. oppose v. 反对→opposed adj. 反对的→opposing adj. 对抗的；相反的→opponent n. 对手，竞争者；反对者 42. selfish adj. 自私的→unselfish adj. 无私的，忘我的→unselfishness n. 无私→unselfishly adv. 无私地 43. insure vt. 给……保险；确保→insurance n. 保险；保险业；保险费 44. complain vi. & vt. 抱怨，投诉→complaint n. 抱怨 45. remark n. 谈论，言论 vi. & vt. 说起，评论→remarkable adj. 值得注意的，不寻常的 ( 核心考点 ) 考点1 participate vi. 参加,参与→________ n. 参加者,参与者→________ n. 参与;分享 participate ________　　　　参加 【答案】participant; participation; in 【考点再现】单句语法填空 The number of people (participate) in physical fitness activities has increased sharply. （25-26高二上·江苏无锡·阶段练习） 【思路点拨】考查非谓语动词。句意：参与体育锻炼的人数大幅增加。此处participate与people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填participating。 【答案】participating 考点2 compete vi. 参加比赛;竞争→________n. 比赛;竞争→________n. 竞争者;对手→________adj. 竞争的;有竞争力的 compete ________　 参加……比赛;在……方面竞争 compete ________ 为……而竞争 compete ________. . . for 为争取……而与……对抗/竞争 【答案】competition; competitor; competitive; in; for; with/against 【考点再现】单句语法填空 More than 10,000 competitors from different countries came to Beijing and (compete) with each other in the competitive games for medals. （25-26高一上·重庆·月考） 【思路点拨】考查时态。句意：来自不同国家的一万多名运动员来到北京，在竞技比赛中争夺奖牌。and前后时态一致，由前面的came可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填competed。 【答案】competed 考点3 motivate vt. 激励,激发;成为……的动机,是……的原因→________adj. 有动机的;有积极性的→________ n. 动机;积极性 (1)motivate sb. ________ (do) sth. 激励某人做某事 be motivated ________ 被……所激励;出于…… (2) be motivated to do sth. 有动力做某事 【答案】motivated; motivation (1)to do (2)by 【考点再现】单句语法填空 Her strong to help others her to volunteer at the local shelter. (motive) （2025高三·全国·专题练习） 【思路点拨】考查名词，动词和时态。句意：她帮助他人的强烈动机促使她去当地收容所做志愿者。第一个空，根据空前Her strong可知，空处需用名词作主语，motive的名词为motivation，表示“动机”，由句意可知，此处特指她帮助他人的强烈动机，名词应用单数形式；第二个空，根据空后her to volunteer可知，可知使用固定短语motivate sb. to do sth.，意为“促使某人做某事”，由语境可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，需用动词motivate“促使”的过去式motivated作谓语。故填①motivation；②motivated。 【答案】motivation motivated 考点4 rank vi. & vt. 属于某等级,把……分等级;排列,使排成行 n. 地位,级别;等级;排,列;军衔 (1)rank ________　 跻身于……;属于……之列 rank. . . ________. . . 把……评为……;把……分等级 rank first/second/. . . 排名第一/第二/…… rank high 名列前茅 (2)the first rank ________ 【答案】(1)among; as (2)一流的 【考点再现】单句语法填空 The expert says up till now Inner Mongolia’s control effectiveness (rank) first among the 13 places involved that hopefully it will set an excellent example for others around the country to follow. （25-26高三上·湖北黄冈·阶段练习） 【思路点拨】考查时态和连词。句意：专家表示，截至目前，内蒙古的控制效果在13个相关地区中排名第一，希望它能为全国其他地区树立一个优秀的榜样。rank“排名”。“up till now Inner Mongolia’s control effectiveness _____ first among the 13 places involved”是宾语从句，其中up till now是现在完成时的标志词，表示从过去某一时间点开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，所以第一个空应用现在完成时，主语“Inner Mongolia’s control effectiveness”是第三人称单数形式，助动词用has，所以第一个空填has ranked。“up till now Inner Mongolia’s control effectiveness ____ (rank) first among the 13 places involved”和“that hopefully it will set an excellent example for others around the country to follow”均为say后的宾语从句，且两句之间为并列关系，需用并列连词and连接。故填①has ranked；②and。 【答案】has ranked and 考点5 limit n. 限度,限制;限量,限额;界限 vt. 限制,限定;限量,减量→________adj. 有限的→________ adj. 无限制的;无止境的 (1)limit. . . ________ . . . 把……限定在……范围内(to是介词,后接名词或动名词) (2)set a limit to sth. 　 对……限定范围(to是介词,后接名词或动名词) ________ the limits of 在……范围内 ________ the limit 超过限度;超越极限 【答案】limited; limitless (1)to (2)within; beyond 【考点再现】单句语法填空 The number of students in the computer class (limit) to ten. （2026高三·广东·专题练习） 【思路点拨】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：计算机课的学员人数被限制在十人以内。“the number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语用单数，陈述事实用一般现在时，且“数量被限制”需用被动语态，故填 is limited。 【答案】is limited 考点6 opposing adj. 对抗的,相反的→________vt. 反对;与……对抗→________ adj. 反对的;相反的→________prep. 在……对面adj. 对面的;相反的;对立的adv. 在对面n. 对立面;对立的人 (1)oppose ________ (do) sth. 反对做某事 (2)be opposed ________ (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事 (3)be opposite to 与……相反;在……对面 just the opposite 恰恰相反 【答案】oppose; opposed; opposite (1)doing (2)to 【考点再现】单句语法填空 He expressed an (oppose) view, arguing over the plan during the discussion. （25-26高一上·四川成都·阶段练习） 【思路点拨】考查形容词。句意：在讨论中，他表达了相反的观点，就该计划进行了争论。此处修饰名词“view”，需用形容词作定语；所给词“oppose”为动词，意为“反对”，其形容词形式为opposing/opposite，意为“相反的、对立的”。故填opposing/opposite。 【答案】opposing/opposite 考点7 complain vi. & vt. 抱怨,投诉→________n. 抱怨;投诉 (1)complain that. . . 　　 抱怨…… complain (to sb. ) ________ sth. (向某人)抱怨某事 (2) make a complaint ________ . . . 对……投诉 【答案】complaint (1)about/of (2)against/about 【考点再现】单句语法填空 Complaints can’t help solve any problems. We should stop (complain) and take action to make our earth a better place to live in.（25-26高二上·新疆昌吉·开学考试） 【思路点拨】考查非谓语动词。句意：抱怨不能解决任何问题。我们应该停止抱怨，采取行动使我们的地球成为一个更好的居住地。stop doing sth.是固定短语，意为“停止做某事”，强调停止正在进行的动作或行为。故填complaining。 【答案】complaining 考点8 handle vt. 处理,应付;控制,操纵 n. 把手,拉手;柄 (1)handle ________　　　 控制自己(的行为) handle well/badly 容易/不容易操纵 handle ________= manage it 应付得了 (2) get/have a handle ________ sb. /sth. 弄懂,理解,搞明白 give sb. a handle (on sth. ) 弄懂,明白,理解 fly ________ the handle 冒火;勃然大怒 【答案】(1)oneself; it (2)on; off 【考点再现】单句语法填空 Your car (handle) easily. It’s much better than mine. （2026高三·全国·专题练习） 【思路点拨】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：你的车好开。比我的好多了。空处作谓语，结合“It’s”可知，时态应用一般现在时，描述当前的情况，再结合“easily”可知，句子描述车子的内在特性，应用handle“驾驶”的主动形式表被动，且主语Your car是单数，handle需用第三人称单数形式。故填handles。 【答案】handles 考点9 cruel adj. 刻毒伤人的;残酷的→________ adv. 残酷地;非常→________ n. 残酷;残忍;残酷的行为 be cruel ________　　 对……残酷 a cruel blow 一大打击 【答案】cruelly; cruelty; to 【考点再现】单句语法填空 Though the storm destroyed their village, the survivors showed no to one another, sharing their last supplies equally. (cruel) （2025高三·全国·专题练习） 【思路点拨】考查形容词和名词。句意：尽管那场残酷的风暴摧毁了他们的村庄，但幸存者们彼此之间却毫无恶意，他们将最后的物资平均分给了彼此。第一空修饰名词storm用形容词cruel，作定语；第二空作动词的宾语，用名词，不可数。故填①cruel；②cruelty。 【答案】cruel cruelty 考点10 remark n. 谈论,言论vi. &vt. 说起,评论→________ adj. 显著的,非凡的,值得注意的 (1)remark ________ 谈论,评论,就……发表意见 remark that. . . 谈起,说起…… (2)make a remark/remarks on/about. . . 就……发表评论 (3)be remarkable________ 以……著称/引人瞩目 【答案】remarkable; on/upon; for 【考点再现】单句语法填空 She had made ________(remark) progress in her writing skills. 【思路点拨】考查形容词。句意：她的写作技巧有了显著的进步。修饰名词progress，需用形容词remarkable，作定语。故填remarkable。 【答案】remarkable。 重点短语 1. call on sb. to do sth. 　　正式邀请某人做某事;请求某人做某事  2. walk on air 欢天喜地, 得意扬扬  3. keep sth. in perspective 正确客观地看待  4. find one’s way into 偶然来到, 无意中处于  5. move the goalposts 改变条件(或规则)  6. score an own goal 进乌龙球;无意中做让自己吃亏的事  7. in the ballpark 差不多  8. a ballpark estimate 大致相近的估计  9. throw sb. a curveball 给某人出难题  10. three strikes and you are out 三振出局 11. below the belt 不公正的, 伤人的  12. throw in the towel 认输, 承认失败  13. die out 灭绝, 消失  14. side by side 并肩地, 并排  15. devote oneself to 致力于……, 献身于……   ( 核心考点 ) 考点1 call on sb. to do sth. 正式邀请某人做某事;请求某人做某事 call on/upon　 拜访(某人);号召 call up 给……打电话;使……回忆起 call at 拜访(某个地点);停靠;(短时间)停留 call off 取消;放弃 call for 要求;需要;去接(某人) call in 邀请;请来 【答案】to; tell 【考点再现】单句语法填空 We should call on people in the world ________(protect)the environment. 【思路点拨】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们应该呼吁全世界的人们保护环境。此处为短语call on sb. to do sth.表示“号召/呼吁某人做某事”。故填to protect。 【答案】to protect。 考点2 find one’s way into偶然来到,无意中处于 make one’s way to　 朝……走去,想方设法进入 fight one’s way 奋勇前进 feel one’s way 摸索前进 wind one’s way 蜿蜒前行 lose one’s way 迷路 push one’s way 挤着前进 lead one’s way 带头,领先 【考点再现】单句语法填空 I’ll find a way ________(improve) on my own. 【思路点拨】考查非谓语动词。句意：我会自己找到改进的方法。此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词way，应用不定式作后置定语，修饰名词way，way to do sth.固定搭配，意为“做某事的方法”，故填to improve。 【答案】to improve 重点句型 1. It was. . . who/that. . . 强调句 It was a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin, who brought the Olympics back to life.  是一位叫皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦的法国人使奥运会重现生机。 2. 介词短语位于句首的倒装 Among them are many well-known athletes, both male and female.  他们中有许多著名的运动员, 男女都有。 3. as if引导状语从句 As if that were not enough, she returned to the Olympics and won a silver medal in 2016, just two years after giving birth to her first child.  似乎那还不够, 2016年, 在生下第一个孩子仅仅两年后, 她重返奥运会, 并获得一枚银牌。 4. make+宾语+宾语补足语 Idioms make language more colourful and expressive.  习语使语言更加丰富多彩, 富有表现力。 5. so +助动词/be/ 情态动词+主语 Sport is challenging and so is life.  运动是充满挑战的, 生活亦是如此。 6. wish引导虚拟句 Thankfully, goalposts do not really move —but when a player scores an own goal, he or she might wish they did.  值得庆幸的是, 门柱不会真的移动, 但当一名球员踢进乌龙球时, 他或她可能希望门柱移动。 ( 核心考点 ) 1. It was. . . who/that. . . 强调句 It was a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin, who brought the Olympics back to life.  是一位叫皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦的法国人使奥运会重现生机。 (1)强调句型的基本构成是“It is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。 (2)如果原句中含有“not. . . until”,在强调时间状语时,将主句中的否定词not连同状语一起提前。 (3)强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前;特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词+is/was+it+that从句”。 (4)do/does/did只能对谓语进行强调,且只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。 【考点再现】单句语法填空 It was her unwavering perseverance finally helped her overcome all the difficulties.（2026高三·全国·专题练习） 【思路点拨】考查强调句。句意：正是她坚定不移的毅力最终帮助她克服了所有的困难。此处为强调句“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他，此处强调主语，主语不是人。故填that。 【答案】that 2. as if引导状语从句 As if that were not enough, she returned to the Olympics and won a silver medal in 2016, just two years after giving birth to her first child.  似乎那还不够, 2016年, 在生下第一个孩子仅仅两年后, 她重返奥运会, 并获得一枚银牌。 (1)as if/though引导状语从句,表虚拟时要遵循的原则: ①表示与现在事实相反,从句谓语动词用过去时(be动词用were); ②表示与过去事实相反,从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had done); ③表示与将来事实相反,从句谓语动词用would/could/might do。 (2)as if/though也可以引导分词短语、不定式短语、形容词或介词短语。 【考点再现】单句语法填空 The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she (be) their own mother. （2025高二上·全国·专题练习） 【思路点拨】考查虚拟语气。句意：孩子们对她很友好，甚至还尊敬她，好像她是他们的亲生母亲似的。as if从句中的内容与事实相反，应该用虚拟语气，谓语动词是be动词时，不管主语是单数还是复数，都用were。故填were。 【答案】were 重点语法 考点1 过去进行时的被动语态 　　过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某一特定时间某事正在被做,其构成形式为:was/were being done。 A lecture was being given by Professor Smith to us at this time yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午的这个时候史密斯教授正在给我们作报告。 【考点再现】单句语法填空 When we arrived at the garage, our car (repair), so we had to wait another twenty minutes.（25-26高一上·北京·月考） 【思路点拨】考查动词时态和语态。句意：当我们到达修车厂时，我们的车正在修理，所以我们不得不再等二十分钟。分析句子可知，句子前半句arrived是一般过去时，表明“到达修理厂” 是过去的某个时间点；后半句“不得不等20分钟”说明当时车子正在被修理，需要用过去进行时（was/were + doing）。主语our car和动词repair是被动关系（车是“被修理”的对象），因此要使用被动语态（be +过去分词）。our car是单数，be动词用was；repair的现在分词是repairing，过去分词是repaired，结合过去进行时的被动结构，最终填was being repaired。故填was being repaired。 【答案】was being repaired 考点2 过去完成时的被动语态 　过去完成时的被动语态表示过去某一时间之前已经被完成的动作。 The media reported that more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake. 媒体报道有1 000多人在地震中丧生。 【考点再现】单句语法填空 To my disappointment, the cake (eat) by my little brother before I even got home from work. （25-26高二上·广东·期中） 【思路点拨】考查动词时态和语态。句意：令我失望的是，我下班回家前，蛋糕就已经被我弟弟吃掉了。根据before从句中为一般过去时的got home和语境可知，“我下班回家”是过去的动作，“蛋糕被吃掉”发生在“回家”之前，即“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时；且主语“the cake”与动词“eat”之间是被动关系，故应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been eaten。 【答案】had been eaten 一、语法填空 1．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）When the education inspector visited the village school last week, the old classrooms (decorate) with hand-painted paintings by the teachers and students to welcome the new semester. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were being decorated 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：上周教育督导员视察这所乡村学校时，老师们和学生们正在用手绘作品装饰旧教室，以此迎接新学期。根据“When the education inspector visited the village school last week”可知，主句描述过去某一时间正在进行的动作，时态用过去进行时，主语the old classrooms与decorate“装饰”为被动关系，用过去进行时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were。故填were being decorated。 2．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）It was the first time that the patient (inform) about the risks of the surgery so clearly. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been informed 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这是病人第一次如此清楚地被告知手术的风险。It was the first time that...是固定句型，从句谓语使用过去完成时，the patient和inform为被动关系，需用被动语态。故填had been informed。 3．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）During the interview with the famous writer, we learned that her new novel (translate) into three foreign languages when she won the literary award last month. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being translated 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在对这位著名作家的采访中，我们了解到上个月她获得文学奖时，她的新小说正在被翻译成三种外语。translate(翻译)是从句谓语动词，与主语her new novel之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“when she won the literary award last month”可知，描述过去某个时间正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时的被动语态，主语是单数名词，谓语用单数形式。故填was being translated。 4．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）At the time of the sudden power failure last night, the final scene of the school’s graduation play (shoot) in the auditorium, which made the cast and crew very anxious. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being shot 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：昨晚突然停电时，学校毕业剧的最后一场戏正在礼堂拍摄，这让全体演职人员都十分焦急。主语 the final scene与shoot为被动关系，last night以及At the time of the sudden power failure体现动作发生在过去某一时刻且正在进行，过去进行时的被动语态符合语境，主语为单数，shoot 的过去分词为 shot。故填was being shot。 5．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）By the time Zhu Ping was appointed to participate in the cathedral’s restoration in February 2023, relevant research on burned wood relics (finish) by the Chinese team. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been finished 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：到2023年2月朱平被任命参与大教堂修复工作时，中国团队已经完成了关于烧焦木质文物的相关研究。主语relevant research与finish为被动关系，且“完成研究”发生在“被任命” 这一过去动作之前，属于“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时的被动语态，结构为 had been + 过去分词，finish 的过去分词为 finished。故填had been finished。 6．（2026高三·广东·专题练习）By the time we attended the lecture, the topic (already discuss) by the speaker for 20 minutes. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had already been discussed 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：我们参加讲座时，演讲者已经讨论这个话题20分钟了。“by the time + 一般过去时”表“过去的过去”，“topic”与“discuss”是被动关系，用过去完成时的被动语态，故填had already been discussed。 7．（2026高三·广东·专题练习）The meeting room (clean) when we arrived there this morning, so we had to wait outside. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being cleaned 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：今天早上我们到达时，会议室正在被打扫，所以我们不得不等在外面。时间状语“when we arrived”表过去某一时刻，“meeting room”与“clean”是被动关系，用过去进行时的被动语态，故填was being cleaned。 8．（2025高三·云南·专题练习）The classroom (clean) before the meeting yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been cleaned 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：昨天开会前教室已经打扫过了。设空处为谓语，主语classroom和clean之间为被动关系，“before the meeting yesterday”表明“打扫教室”这个动作发生在昨天会议之前，是过去的过去，所以用过去完成时的被动语态，其结构是“had+been+过去分词”，clean的过去分词是cleaned。故填had been cleaned。 9．（2025高三·云南·专题练习）When I got to the cinema, the tickets (sell) out. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been sold 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：当我到达电影院时，票已经卖完了。sell out这一动作发生在got to之前，即过去的过去，需用过去完成时。tickets和sell out是动宾关系，需用被动语态，为had been sold，作主句谓语。故填had been sold。 10．（2026高三·上海·专题练习）The researchers took recordings from across 43 sites in the Ecuadorian Rainforest (厄瓜多尔雨林). Some sites were relatively primitive, old-growth forests. Others were areas that (clear) for pasture (牧场) already. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been cleared 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：研究人员从厄瓜多尔雨林的43个地点进行了记录。一些地点是相对原始的古老森林。另一些则是已经被清理用作牧场的区域。空格处为that引导的定语从句的谓语，clear“清理”这一动作发生在took recordings之前，时态用过去完成时。主语areas与动词clear是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态，谓语用had been cleared。故填had been cleared。 11．（2026高三·上海·专题练习）This genetic influence (observe) in between 34 per cent for frequency of garden visits and 44 per cent for public nature space visits, they said. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was observed/had been observed 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：他们表示，这种遗传影响体现在34%的花园访问频率和44%的公共自然空间访问频率中。observe（观测）是谓语动词，与主语This genetic influence是被动关系，根据语境，动作发生在过去，可用一般过去时的被动语态was observed，也可理解为动作发生在“他们表示”之前，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时的被动语态had been observed。故填was observed/had been observed。 12．（2025高二·全国·专题练习）When I got to the teahouse yesterday, I just found the activity (cancel) as nobody was there. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been canceled 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：当我昨天到达茶馆时，我才发现活动被取消了，因为那里没有人。分析句子可知，空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，“activity”与“cancel”是被动关系，用被动语态；“活动被取消”发生在“我到达茶馆（got to）”之前，属于 “过去的过去”，需用过去完成时。故填had been canceled。 13．（2025高二·全国·专题练习）The grass-fed beef (sell) out when my mom got to the supermarket. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been sold 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：我妈妈到超市的时候，草饲牛肉已经卖完了。分析句子可知，“grass-fed beef”与“sell out” 是被动关系（牛肉被售罄），用被动语态；“售罄”发生在 “妈妈到达超市（got to）”之前，属于“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时。故填had been sold。 14．（25-26高二上·陕西西安·月考）It was the third time that a community library (found) in that rural area. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been founded 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：这是在那个农村地区第三次建立社区图书馆。it was the+序数词+time+that...“这是第几次做某事”是固定句型，that引导的定语从句应用过去完成时，且主语library和found是被动关系，因此用过去完成时的被动语态had been done。故填had been founded。 15．（25-26高二上·江苏·阶段练习）Three months ago, my friends told me that football matches (organize) then to promote economy and tourism. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were being organized 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：三个月前，我的朋友们告诉我，当时正在组织足球比赛以促进经济和旅游业。organize（组织）是从句谓语动词，与主语“football matches”之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“Three months ago”和“then”可知，描述三个月前当时正在发生的事情，应用过去进行时的被动语态，主语是复数，谓语用复数形式。故填were being organized。 提升专练 一、阅读理解 （25-26高一上·江苏扬州·期中）Susan Ringwood greets all guests with a simple invitation: to join her in swimming in cold water in the swimming pool. Her offer isn’t limited to the summer months, either. Ringwood and her husband Gary swim in cold water in the swimming pool all year round. “To me, it’s not just about swimming. It’s a unique experience” she says. Ringwood simply calls her hobby “swimming”, but some winter fans have begun to promote cold-water swimming as a treatment for a variety of diseases. While cold-water swimming is a newfound passion, scientists say that there’s not much evidence supporting the claims of these health benefits. Nor is the activity without risk. “Extreme temperature changes can potentially cause heart attacks, even death,” says Francois Haman, a scientist at the University of Ottawa in Canada. When your body meets cold water, it can be shocking. Scientists call this the “cold shock” response. When your skin senses the freezing water, it causes you to take a quick deep breath for air and your heart rate to rise quickly to a very high level, which leads to an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. Haman says that being in cold water is more dangerous than in cold air. Water conducts heat much more effectively than air, meaning that it can draw the heat from your body more quickly and efficiently. For those new to the sport, Haman suggests starting slowly, getting used to colder water during the fall, especially paying attention to safety. According to supporters, cold-water swimming can improve health and immunity (免疫力), and help relieve pain. But while there is some previous scientific research to support these claims, Denis Blondin, a professor at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, says that many of these studies included only a small number of people taking part in surveys who were mainly young men from European countries, which limits what scientists can say more broadly and in other populations. 1．Why does the author tell Ringwood’s story? A．To attract visitors to swimming. B．To introduce the topic of cold-water swimming. C．To call on guests to join Ringwood. D．To stress the benefits of swimming. 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The “cold shock” response will cause heart rate to rise. B．Heart rate and blood pressure tend to increase in winter. C．Swimming in cold water can be a danger for some reason. D．Some preparations can be made before a cold-water swim. 3．What might Haman agree with according to the text? A．Staying in cold air is not as dangerous as in cold water. B．The benefits of cold-water swimming have been proved. C．Extreme temperature changes are dangerous but not deadly. D．Cold-water swimming isn’t suitable for those new to the sport. 4．What is Blondin’s attitude to previous research? A．Uncertain. B．Supportive. C．Uncaring. D．Doubtful. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了冷水游泳这一活动，通过林伍德的爱好引出话题，同时探讨其所谓的健康益处、潜在风险及相关科学研究的局限性。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Susan Ringwood greets all guests with a simple invitation: to join her in swimming in cold water in the swimming pool. Her offer isn’t limited to the summer months, either. Ringwood and her husband Gary swim in cold water in the swimming pool all year round. (苏珊·林伍德会用一个简单的邀请来迎接所有客人：和她一起在游泳池里进行冷水游泳。她的邀请也不仅限于夏季。林伍德和她的丈夫加里一年四季都在游泳池里进行冷水游泳。)”以及第二段中“Ringwood simply calls her hobby “swimming”, but some winter fans have begun to promote cold-water swimming as a treatment to a variety of diseases.(林伍德只是把她的爱好称为“游泳”，但一些冬季爱好者已经开始推广冷水游泳，称其可以治疗多种疾病。)”可知，作者讲述林伍德的故事，是为了自然引出“冷水游泳”这一核心话题，为后文讨论其益处、风险及科学研究做铺垫。故选B项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“When your body meets cold water, it can be shocking. Scientists call this the “cold shock” response. When your skin senses the freezing water, it causes you to take a quick deep breath for air and your heart rate to rise quickly to a very high level, which leads to an increase in heart rate and blood pressure.(当你的身体接触到冷水时，可能会让人感到震惊。科学家称之为“冷休克”反应。当你的皮肤感受到冰冷的水时，会让你快速深呼吸以获取空气，心率也会迅速升高到一个很高的水平，这会导致心率和血压上升。)”可知，该段主要解释了冷水游泳存在危险的一个原因——身体接触冷水时会产生“冷休克”反应，进而导致心率和血压升高，对身体造成负担。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Haman says that being in cold water is more dangerous than in cold air. Water conducts heat much more effectively than air, meaning that it can draw the heat from your body more quickly and efficiently.(哈曼说，处于冷水中比处于冷空气中更危险。水的导热性比空气好得多，这意味着它能更快、更有效地从你的身体中吸收热量。)”可知，哈曼认为待在冷空气中不如待在冷水中危险，即待在冷空气中的危险性更低。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“But while there is some previous scientific research to support these claims, Denis Blondin, a professor at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, says that many of these studies included only a small number of people taking part in survey who were mainly young men from European countries, which limits what scientists can say more broadly and in other populations.(尽管之前有一些科学研究支持这些说法，但魁北克省舍布鲁克大学的教授丹尼斯·布朗丁表示，这些研究中的许多都只包含了少数受访者，且主要是来自欧洲国家的年轻男性，这限制了科学家在更广泛的人群和其他人群中得出更普遍的结论。)”可知，布朗丁指出之前的相关研究存在受访者数量少、人群单一的问题，导致研究结论的局限性，由此可推知，他对这些先前的研究持怀疑态度。故选D项。 二、阅读七选五 （25-26高三上·陕西西安·期中）How to Choose the Right Sport for You Choosing the right sport can be a challenging task, especially with so many options available. Whether you are looking to stay fit, make friends, or develop new skills, the right sport can bring joy and fulfillment to your life. Here are some tips to help you make the right choice: 1 . Before choosing a sport, think about your goals. Do you want to improve your physical fitness, learn a new skill, or meet new people? Your goals will help narrow down your options. For example, if you want to stay fit, you might consider running or swimming. If you want to make friends, team sports like basketball or volleyball are great choices. 2 . Consider your physical condition and abilities. Some sports require a high level of physical strength and endurance, while others are more gentle and low-impact. If you have joint problems, sports like yoga or cycling might be better for you. If you are energetic and enjoy intense activities, you might prefer football or tennis. 3 . Think about your schedule and how much time you can commit to practicing. Some sports require daily practice, while others can be enjoyed on weekends. If you have a busy schedule, choose a sport that is flexible and doesn’t take up too much time. For example, hiking or badminton can be played in your free time without a strict schedule. 4 . Try out different sports before making a final decision. Many communities offer free or low-cost trial classes, allowing you to experience different sports and see which one you enjoy the most. Don’t be afraid to try something new — you might discover a passion for a sport you never considered before. 5 . Consider the cost of the sport. Some sports require expensive equipment or membership fees, while others are affordable. Before choosing a sport, make sure you can afford the equipment, classes, or memberships needed. For example, skiing can be expensive, while running only requires a good pair of shoes. A．Consider your goals B．Think about your physical condition C．Try out different sports D．Check the weather conditions E．Consider your schedule F．Think about the cost G．Choose a sport that is popular 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．E 4．C 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。选择合适运动颇具挑战，可从明确自身目标、考量身体状况、规划时间、尝试各类运动及核算运动成本这几方面来做出恰当选择。 1．根据后文“Before choosing a sport, think about your goals. Do you want to improve your physical fitness, learn a new skill, or meet new people? Your goals will help narrow down your options. For example, if you want to stay fit, you might consider running or swimming. If you want to make friends, team sports like basketball or volleyball are great choices.(在选择运动项目之前，先思考一下你的目标是什么。你是想增强体质、学习一项新技能，还是想结识新朋友？你的目标将有助于缩小你的选择范围。例如，如果你想要保持健康，你可以考虑跑步或游泳。如果你想要结交朋友，团队运动如篮球或排球则是不错的选择)”可知，该段核心内容是 在选择运动项目之前，先思考一下你的目标是什么，并通过不同目标对应不同运动的例子展开说明，因此小标题应围绕“目标”展开，A 选项“考虑你的目标”契合段落主旨。故选A。 2．根据后文“Consider your physical condition and abilities. Some sports require a high level of physical strength and endurance, while others are more gentle and low-impact. If you have joint problems, sports like yoga or cycling might be better for you. If you are energetic and enjoy intense activities, you might prefer football or tennis.(考虑一下你的身体状况和能力。有些运动需要极高的体能和耐力，而有些则较为温和且低冲击力。如果你有关节问题，像瑜伽或骑自行车这样的运动可能更适合你。如果你精力充沛且喜欢激烈的活动，你可能会更喜欢足球或网球)”可知，此段首句即点明考虑一下你的身体状况和能力，后续又结合不同身体状况推荐适配运动，所以小标题需聚焦“身体状况”，B 选项“思考你的身体状况”符合语境。故选B。 3．根据后文“Think about your schedule and how much time you can commit to practicing. Some sports require daily practice, while others can be enjoyed on weekends. If you have a busy schedule, choose a sport that is flexible and doesn’t take up too much time. For example, hiking or badminton can be played in your free time without a strict schedule.(思考一下你的日程安排，以及你能投入多少时间来进行练习。有些运动需要每天进行训练，而有些则可以在周末进行。如果你的日程安排很紧张，可以选择一项灵活且不需要花费太多时间的运动。例如，远足或羽毛球可以在你的空闲时间进行，无需严格的时间安排)”可知，该段主要讨论运动所需的时间投入以及结合自身日程选择运动的建议，首句“思考一下你的日程安排，以及你能投入多少时间来进行练习”是核心，E选项“考虑你的日程安排”能概括整段内容。故选E。 4．根据后文“Try out different sports before making a final decision. Many communities offer free or low-cost trial classes, allowing you to experience different sports and see which one you enjoy the most. Don’t be afraid to try something new — you might discover a passion for a sport you never considered before.(在做出最终决定之前，先尝试不同的运动项目。许多社区会提供免费或低成本的试听课，让你能够体验不同的运动项目，并看看自己最喜欢哪一种。不要害怕尝试新事物——你可能会发现自己对之前从未考虑过的运动项目产生了浓厚的兴趣)”可知，段落开头就提出“Try out different sports before making a final decision”，还提及社区的体验课资源，鼓励尝试新运动，C 选项“尝试不同的运动项目”是对该段核心观点的精准提炼。故选C。 5．根据后文“Consider the cost of the sport. Some sports require expensive equipment or membership fees, while others are affordable. Before choosing a sport, make sure you can afford the equipment, classes, or memberships needed. For example, skiing can be expensive, while running only requires a good pair of shoes.(考虑一下这项运动的费用。有些运动需要昂贵的装备或会员费，而有些则费用较低。在选择运动项目之前，要确保自己能够承担所需的装备、课程或会员费。例如，滑雪可能费用高昂，而跑步只需要一双好的跑鞋即可)”可知，此段重点分析不同运动的成本差异，提醒在选择前确认能否承担相关费用，首句 “Consider the cost of the sport” 为中心句，F选项“思考费用问题”可作为该段小标题。故选F。 三、完形填空 （25-26高二上·广东广州·期中）During the holiday season in 2015, Felicia Hall was battling depression. “I was unhappy, overeating fast food at night and not really caring for myself. I wasn’t physically 1 , but always felt tired,” she says. It wasn’t until New Year that Hall wanted to make a 2 . A friend recommended Daily Burn, a workout program, and she 3 to sign up. “I registered, though not believing I can keep on. I even set a 4 on the phone to cancel it before the free trial ended,” says Hall. “Within two weeks, I did not 5 . So I deleted the note.” The 6 gained from Daily Burn also got her running. “I love the sound of 7 my feet on the ground, knowing my body is 8 of doing that,” she says. Hall also 9 her late-night fast-food sessions and started cooking healthy meals. After five months, Hall lost 20 pounds-and gained a new 10 on exercise, and on life. She consistently 11 the Daily Burn community group for support. And she 12 started teaching group fitness classes in her hometown. 13 , she learned the power of positive thought and self-belief. “To be physically able to exercise and continue to 14 with it — it’s an amazing gift,” she says. “People not experiencing it aren’t 15 what something like this can do for a person. It’s not just physical — it’s mental. It’s everything.” 1．A．challenged B．tolerant C．active D．limited 2．A．difference B．change C．living D．deal 3．A．continued B．managed C．decided D．promised 4．A．reminder B．deadline C．monitor D．timetable 5．A．advance B．forget C．hesitate D．withdraw 6．A．confidence B．wellness C．passion D．support 7．A．laying B．hitting C．stamping D．beating 8．A．sick B．afraid C．sure D．capable 9．A．transformed B．enriched C．rescheduled D．restored 10．A．focus B．emphasis C．attitude D．remark 11．A．called on B．relied on C．appealed to D．turned to 12．A．even B．still C．ever D．almost 13．A．By chance B．In fact C．Above all D．At first 14．A．practice B．combine C．struggle D．grow 15．A．worried B．aware C．satisfied D．certain 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D 6．A 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．C 11．D 12．A 13．C 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了霍尔通过参与Daily Burn健身计划，不仅成功减肥，还获得了对运动和生活的全新认识，最终成为家乡健身课程的教练，并深刻体会到积极思想和自信的力量。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我没有参加体育活动，但总是觉得累。A. challenged有挑战的；B. tolerant容忍的；C. active活跃的；D. limited有限的。根据上文“I was unhappy, overeating fast food at night and not really caring for myself (我很不开心，晚上过度吃快餐，不怎么关心自己)”可知，此处上下文说的是作者因不开心而不爱惜自己，对于体育运动并不活跃，故选C项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：直到新年，霍尔才决定做出一些改变。A. difference区别；B. change改变；C. living生活；D. deal交易。根据下文“A friend recommended Daily Burn, a workout program, and she ___3___ to sign up.”可知，一位朋友推荐了一个锻炼项目Daily Burn，她决定报名，霍尔报名参加项目，要做出改变，故选B项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位朋友推荐了一个锻炼项目Daily Burn，她决定报名。A. continued继续；B. managed设法；C. decided决定；D. promised承诺。根据下文“I registered”可知，霍尔决定报名参加，故选C项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我甚至在手机上设置提醒，在免费试用结束前取消报名。A. reminder提醒；B. deadline最后期限；C. monitor监控器；D. timetable时间表。根据下文“to cancel it before the free trial ended”可知，霍尔甚至在手机上设置提醒，在免费试用结束前取消报名，即这是一条提醒信息，故选A项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在两周内，我没有退出。所以我删除了这条信息。A. advance前进；B. forget忘记；C. hesitate犹豫；D. withdraw退出。根据下文“So I deleted the note”可知，霍尔并没有退出，故选D项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从Daily Burn中获得的自信也让她开始了跑步。A. confidence自信；B. wellness健康；C. passion激情；D. support支持。根据下文“she learned the power of positive thought and self-belief”可知，作者从Daily Burn中学会了积极思考和自信的力量，即获得了自信，故选A项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我喜欢我的脚触地的声音，因为我知道我的身体有能力做到这一点”她说。A. laying放置；B. hitting使（身体部位）触碰到某物；C. stamping跺脚；D. beating击打。根据下文“on the ground”可知，是用脚触地，故选B项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. sick生病的；B. afraid害怕的；C. sure确信的；D. capable有能力的。根据上文“I love the sound of ___7___ my feet on the ground”可知，作者喜欢脚触地的声音，是因为她的身体能够做到，故选D项。 9．考查动词词义辨析，句意：霍尔还改变了她的深夜快餐习惯，并开始烹饪健康的饭菜。A. transformed改变；B. enriched使丰富；C. rescheduled重新安排；D. restored恢复。根据下文“started cooking healthy meals”可知，霍尔改变了深夜吃快餐的习惯，故选A项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：五个月后，霍尔减掉了20磅，并对锻炼和生活有了新的态度。A. focus集中；B. emphasis强调；C. attitude态度；D. remark评论。根据下文“she learned the power of positive thought and self-belief”可知，她对锻炼和生活有了新的态度，故选C项。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她一直向Daily Burn社区团体寻求支持。A. called on号召；B. relied on依赖；C. appealed to呼吁；D. turned to求助。根据下文“for support”可知，霍尔一直向Daily Burn社区团体寻求支持。turn to意为“向……寻求帮助”故选D项。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她甚至开始在家乡教团体健身课。A. even甚至；B. still仍然；C. ever曾经；D. almost几乎。根据上文“She consistently turned to the Daily Burn community group for support”以及下文“started teaching group fitness classes in her hometown”可知，上下文之间为递进关系，应使用表是递进关系的副词，故选A项。 13．考查介词短语辨析。句意：最重要的是，她学会了积极思考和自信的力量。A. By chance偶然地；B. In fact事实上；C. Above all最重要的是；D. At first起初。根据上文“She consistently turned to the Daily Burn community group for support (她一直向Daily Burn社区团体寻求支持)”、“started teaching group fitness classes in her hometown (开始在家乡教团体健身课)”以及下文“she learned the power of positive thought and self-belief (她学会了积极思考和自信的力量)”可知霍尔通过向Daily Burn社区团体寻求支持，开始在家乡教团体健身课，但这些不是最重要的，最重要的是她学会了积极思考和自信的力量，故选C项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：让身体能够去锻炼并继续与它一起成长，这是一份令人惊叹的礼物。A. practice练习；B. combine组合；C. struggle斗争；D. grow成长。根据上文“To be physically able to exercise”可知，锻炼是为了让身体更健康，身心与锻炼一起获得成长，故选D项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有经历过的人不知道这样的事情会对一个人造成什么影响。A. worried担心的；B. aware觉察到的；C. satisfied满意的；D. certain必然的。根据上文“it’s an amazing gift”以及下文“It’s not just physical — it’s mental. It’s everything.””可知，体验过的人认为这是一份令人惊叹的礼物，而没有经历过的人觉察不到这一点，故选B项。 四、语法填空 （25-26高一上·浙江杭州·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式)。 While parents and educators worry that children have been doing too little exercise, a sixth grade class from RDFZ Chaoyang School finished their 100th 5-kilometer morning jogging program on Saturday to celebrate their upcoming 1 (graduate). 2 (strengthen) their physical fitness, the program is organized every Saturday morning with the guidance of a parent coach. Their first run in September 2021 proved that 3 beginning is always the hardest. After running for hundreds of meters, some students 4 (feel) shortness of breath, while others had to lean (靠) on each other 5 support to reach the finish line. Despite the challenges, their 6 (effort) have continued since the program began. National surveys have shown a rapid increase in the number of overweight teenagers. According to data 7 (publish) at the 10th China Obesity Science Conference, one in five people aged 6 to 17 is overweight or obese (肥胖), up from one in 20 in 1995. The government has noticed the connection between the decline in physical exercise and health problems. In response, a series of measures, such as the nationwide “double reduction” policy, 8 (introduce) to reduce students’ academic pressure 9 increase their exercise time in recent years. The sixth-grade jogging program provides a platform, 10 students can experience health, happiness and friendship through physical activity. 【答案】 1．graduation 2．To strengthen 3．the 4．felt 5．for 6．efforts 7．published 8．have been introduced 9．and 10．where 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要讲述了人大附中朝阳学校六年级一个班级为庆祝即将到来的毕业，完成了第100次5公里晨跑活动。 1．考查名词。句意：在家长和教育工作者担心孩子们锻炼太少的时候，人大附中朝阳学校六年级的一个班级在周六完成了他们第100次5公里晨跑项目，以庆祝即将到来的毕业。空前有形容词性物主代词their和形容词upcoming修饰，此处应用名词形式，graduate的名词为graduation，意为“毕业”，是不可数名词，作宾语。故填graduation。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了增强他们的身体素质，这个项目在一位家长教练的指导下，每周六上午组织进行。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，表示组织该项目的目的是增强学生身体素质，所以用to strengthen，句首首字母大写。故填To strengthen。 3．考查冠词。句意：他们在2021年9月的第一次跑步证明了万事开头难。此处特指“开头”这件事，应用定冠词the。故填the。 4．考查动词时态。句意：跑了几百米后，一些学生感到呼吸急促，而另一些学生不得不互相依靠来支撑着到达终点线。根据语境，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，feel的过去式为felt。故填felt。 5．考查介词。句意：跑了几百米后，一些学生感到呼吸急促，而另一些学生不得不互相依靠来获得支撑到达终点线。此处表示目的，意为“为了获得支撑”，应用介词for。故填for。 6．考查名词复数。句意：尽管面临挑战，但自项目开始以来，他们一直在努力。effort表示“努力”时常用复数形式，且根据空后的have可知，此处应用复数efforts。故填efforts。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据在第十届中国肥胖科学大会上公布的数据，6至17岁的人群中，五分之一超重或肥胖，而1995年这一比例为二十分之一。句子已有谓语动词has shown，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，data与publish之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词published。故填published。 8．考查动词时态和语态。句意：作为回应，近年来一系列措施，如全国性的“双减”政策，已经被推出，以减轻学生学业压力并增加他们的锻炼时间。根据时间状语in recent years可知，此处应用现在完成时，且句子主语a series of measures与introduce之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，其结构为“have/has + been +过去分词”，主语a series of measures是复数，所以用have been introduced。故填have been introduced。 9．考查连词。句意：作为回应，近年来一系列措施，如全国性的“双减”政策，已经被推出，以减轻学生学业压力并增加他们的锻炼时间。reduce students’ academic pressure和increase their exercise time之间是并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 10．考查定语从句。句意：六年级的慢跑项目提供了一个平台，在这个平台上学生们可以通过体育活动体验健康、快乐和友谊。此处为定语从句，先行词为a platform，在从句中作抽象地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 ( 1 / 18 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $