专题04 选择性必修第二册Unit 1～2 单元词汇短语句型梳理（期末复习知识清单）高二英语上学期人教版

该高中英语选择性必修第二册U1~2单元知识清单全面梳理了词类转换、词汇短语、句型写作及语法题型等核心内容，为学生搭建了从基础积累到综合应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类梳理（如词类转换分单元系统呈现）、易混词对比（表格辨析infect/contaminate等）及写作模板（含范文与常用表达）设计，完整呈现知识体系，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。例如“高频句型”模块突出until引导的时间状语从句等核心结构，“单元写作”提供跨文化议论文框架，助力不同学生高效掌握，教师可直接用于课堂复习或分层作业设计。

专题04 选择性必修第二册Unit 1~2单元词汇短语句型梳理 ( 清单 01 词类转换 ( 变出精彩，举一反三 ) ) Unit1 1．___________ adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→__________ vt.使懊恼；使沮丧→___________ n．沮丧；懊恼；挫败 2．____________ n．感染；传染→_________ vt.使感染；传染→_____________ adj.感染的；传染的 3．________ n．证据；证明；检验→________ vt.证明 vi.证明是 4．__________ adj.数量多的；多种多样的→_________ vi.& vt.乘；繁殖 5．_______________ n．介入；出面；干涉→____________ vi.干扰；介入 6．_______ adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→_________ adv.完全地；纯粹地→_________ vt.净化；使……洁净 7．_____________ adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的→__________ n．物质；物品；事实基础；根据 8．_________ vt.保卫；防守；辩解→__________________ n．防御；保卫；保护 9．__________ n．助理；助手→_________ vt.& vi.帮助；协助→___________ n．帮助；协助；援助 10．_______ adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→____ n．礼物；天赋 11．________ adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→__________ adv.稳定地；持续地 12．_______ adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→_________ adv.生动地；逼真地；鲜明地 Unit 2 1．________________ n．(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历→_________ vt.& vi.(使)具备资格；(使)合格→__________ adj.有资格的；称职的 2．___________ n．追求的目标；夙愿；野心；抱负→__________ adj.有野心的；有雄心的 3．____________ n．适应；改编本→______ vt.(使)适应；改编 4．_______ n．安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸 vt.安慰；抚慰→___________ adj.令人舒适的；舒服的→_____________ adj.不舒服的 5．____________ vi.参加；参与→______________ n．参加；参与→____________ n.参与者 6．____________ n. 报告；陈述；出示；拿出→________ vt.颁发；赠送；呈递 n.礼物 adj.现在的；出席的 7．______ vi.参加；参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣)；(使)参加；吸引；雇用→________ adj.忙于；从事于；已订婚的→__________ n.订婚；约定 8．_________ vt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加→__________ adj.参与的；投入的→______________ n．参与 9．________ n．(报纸、杂志)一份；(广播、电视节目)一期、一辑；版次→____ vt.编辑；剪辑→_______ n．编辑；编者 10．_________________ adj.无法抗拒的；巨大的；压倒性的→__________ vt.(常用于被动语态)使不知所措；压倒 11．_____________ n．思乡病；乡愁→_________ adj.想家的；思乡的 12．__________ adj.积极的；主动的→___________ n．动力；积极性；动机→_________ vt.成为……的动机；激发；激励 13．______ n．(also-ser)顾问→______ vt.& vi.建议；劝告→______ n．建议；忠告 14．__________ adj.有道理的；合情理的→_________ adv.有理地；合理地→_______ n．原因；道理 vi.推理 vt.推断→____________ adj.不合理的；不公正的 15．___________ n．期望；预期；期待→_______ vt.预料；期望 16．__________ n．申请人→______ vi.申请 vt.应用；适用；涂；敷→____________ n．申请；申请书→_____ n．应用程序 17．_________ n．接触；体验；暴露；揭露→_______ vt.使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于(险境) 18．__________ n．离开；启程；出发→_______ vi.& vt.离开；启程；出发 19．___________ adj.巨大的；突然的；急剧的；戏剧(般)的→___________ adv.突然地；戏剧地；引人注目地→_______ n．戏剧；戏剧性事件 20．______ vt.表现 vi.& vt.表现得体；有礼貌→________________ n．行为；举止 21．_____________ n．[pl.]环境；周围的事物→____________ adj.周围的；附近的→________ vt.包围；围绕 ( 清单 02 识词知意 ( 厚积薄发，熟能生巧 ) ) Unit 1 1．contradictory adj._____________________________　　　　　　 2．germ n.____________________ 3．pump n.___________________ 4．water pump_____ 5．household n.___________________________________ 6．raw adj._________________________________ 7．statistic n.[pl.]____________________ 8．microscope n．_______ 9．protein n．________ 10．cell n．________________________ 11．virus n．_____ 12．framework n．____________ 13．theoretical framework__________ 14．rainbow n．_____ 15．concrete n．_______ adj.___________________________ Unit 2 1．tutor n. __________________________________　　　　　 2．cite vt. ___________ 3．messenger n. ______________ 4．culture shock __________ 5．zone n. _______________________________ 6．setting n. ______________________________ 7．tremendous adj. ________________ 8．mature adj. ________ 9．boom vi.& n. ________________ 10．perspective n. ________________________ 11．envoy n. __________________ 12．outlook n. ___________________ 13．belt n. ____________ 14．initiative n. ______________ 15．the Belt and Road Initiative ___________________ ( 清单 03 高频短语 ( 积 少成多，活学活用 ) ) Unit 1 1.________________多例死亡 2.________________同意;赞同 3.________________可靠证据 4.________________水泵 5.________________负有责任 6.________________ 具体的解决办法 7.________________初始阶段 8.remove the ________拆把手 9.________________ 最终地;彻底地 10.________________幸亏;由于 11.________________最重要的是;尤其是 12.________________理论框架 13.________ ability统计能力 14.________________创造性思维 15.________________ 杰出的领导才能 16.the ________ mind质疑的头脑 17.________________突破常规思维 18.________________兴趣的改变 19.________________ ……之间的关联 20.________________ 突然开始;爆发 21.________________投下阴影 22.________________患病 23.________________主管;掌管 24.________________追溯到 25.________________深感悲伤 26.________________成名 27.________________被誉为 28.________________大雨滂沱。 Unit 2 1．_______________参加；参与　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 2．_________大声点说；明确表态 3．_____________舒服自在；不拘束 4．__________(使)从事；参与 5．________________参与；卷入；与……有关联 6．______________文化冲击 7．______________舒适区；舒适范围 8．______________________(使)花一大笔钱 9．__________支持；站在……的一边 10．_________________据我所知 11．________________________就我而言；依我看来 12．__________总的来说；总之 13．__________________一般来说 14．______________首先 ( 清单 04 高频句型 ( 精彩句型，句句精彩 ) ) 1.until引导的时间状语从句 Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until .在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 2．so...that...如此……以至于…… He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was .他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。 3．that引导的宾语从句 Snow suspected that . 斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。 4．It seemed that...似乎…… the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。 5．have＋宾语＋宾语补足语 Accordingly, .so that it could not be used. 因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。 ( 清单 05 单元写作 ( 通用表达，范文背诵 ) ) Unit 1 一、单元写作任务：介绍科学家精神/杰出科学家 本部分常考的写作话题是“阐述科学精神”或“介绍杰出科学家”，要求写一篇短文，突出科学家的核心品质、主要经历与重大贡献，并阐述其精神对自身的启示。写作需观点鲜明、事例典型、逻辑连贯，内容通常包括：1. 点明写作主题（科学精神的内涵或所崇拜的科学家）；2. 结合具体事例说明科学家的品质与贡献；3. 表达对自身的启发与学习决心。 二、亮点词汇 1. scientific spirit 科学精神 2. scientist n. 科学家 3. devotion n. 奉献 4. persistence n. 坚持不懈 5. creativity n. 创新 6. diligence n. 勤奋 7. determination n. 决心 8. noble quality 高尚品质 9. remarkable contribution 杰出贡献 10. pioneer n. 先驱；开拓者 11. committed adj. 尽心尽力的 12. knowledgeable adj. 知识渊博的 13. gifted/talented adj. 有天赋的 14. sacrifice v./n. 牺牲 15. inspire v. 鼓舞 16. scientific research 科学研究 17. fulfill one’s dream 实现梦想 18. set a good example 树立好榜样 三、常用表达 1. 首段常用句式 (1) As far as I am concerned, scientific spirit consists of noble qualities like persistence, creativity and devotion. 就我而言，科学精神包含坚持、创新和奉献等高尚品质。 (2) My hero is Yuan Longping, an outstanding scientist known as the "Father of Hybrid Rice". 我的英雄是袁隆平，一位被誉为“杂交水稻之父”的杰出科学家。 (3) Recently I have been deeply inspired by the stories of great scientists, and I want to share my understanding of scientific spirit. 最近，我被伟大科学家的故事深深打动，想分享我对科学精神的理解。 (4) What bothers me most is that some students ignore the value of scientific spirit, so I’m eager to talk about its importance. 让我最担忧的是有些学生忽视科学精神的价值，所以我想谈谈它的重要性。 2. 中段常用句式 (1) I read an article that told me Tu Youyou devoted her whole life to medical research and finally discovered artemisinin. 我读过一篇文章，了解到屠呦呦毕生致力于医学研究，最终发现了青蒿素。 (2) A documentary showed that Qian Xuesen sacrificed his comfortable life abroad to serve his motherland. 一部纪录片显示，钱学森放弃了国外舒适的生活，回国报效祖国。 (3) Yuan Longping, who was committed to solving the food shortage problem, spent decades researching hybrid rice. 袁隆平致力于解决粮食短缺问题，花费数十年时间研究杂交水稻。 (4) Instead of giving up in the face of failures, these scientists kept trying and finally achieved their goals. 这些科学家没有在失败面前退缩，而是坚持不懈，最终实现了目标。 3. 尾段常用句式 (1) Now, I realize that scientific spirit is the key to success, and I will learn from these great scientists. 现在，我意识到科学精神是成功的关键，我会向这些伟大的科学家学习。 (2) At present, not only do I admire their remarkable contributions, but also I am determined to apply scientific spirit to my study. 目前，我不仅敬佩他们的杰出贡献，还决心将科学精神运用到学习中。 (3) Thanks to their inspiration, I have become more persistent and brave when facing difficulties. 多亏了他们的鼓舞，我在面对困难时变得更加坚韧和勇敢。 (4) I am more than happy to see that more young people are willing to inherit and carry forward scientific spirit. 我非常高兴地看到，越来越多的年轻人愿意继承和弘扬科学精神。 四、范文背诵 My Hero My hero is Liang Jianying, a brilliant scientist and the general designer of China's high-speed railway. Born in 1972, she graduated from university in 1995 and has been devoted to high-speed railway research ever since. A documentary showed that Liang led her team through countless challenges. Instead of being discouraged by technical difficulties, they kept experimenting and innovating. Finally, they successfully developed high-speed EMUs with a speed of 300-350 km/h, which greatly improved China's transportation efficiency and brought convenience to people's travel. Her persistence and creativity fully reflect the core of scientific spirit. At present, not only do I admire her remarkable achievements, but also I am determined to learn from her. Thanks to her inspiration, I will face study difficulties bravely and keep pursuing my dreams. I believe that as long as we hold scientific spirit, we can make our own contributions to society. Unit 2 一、单元写作任务：跨文化相关正反观点议论文 本部分常考的写作话题是“跨文化交流类正反观点论述”（如出国留学、跨国交友、海外旅游等），要求写一篇议论文，针对跨文化相关现象阐述不同立场的观点及理由，最终表明个人见解。写作需逻辑清晰、论据充分、态度明确，内容通常包括：1. 点明辩论主题及争议性；2. 分述正反两方观点及核心论据；3. 总结并表明个人立场。 二、亮点词汇 1. cross-cultural communication 跨文化交流 2. cultural shock 文化冲击 3. global perspective 全球视野 4. cultural background 文化背景 5. overseas study 出国留学 6. international friend 外国朋友 7. cultural envoy 文化使者 8. broaden horizons 开阔眼界 9. language barrier 语言障碍 10. economic pressure 经济压力 11. personal safety 人身安全 12. diverse cultures 多元文化 13. cultural exchange 文化交流 14. adapt to 适应 15. cooperate with 与……合作 16. view the world from different angles 从不同角度看待世界 三、常用表达 1. 首段常用句式 (1) Recently, our class has had a heated debate about whether making foreign friends online is beneficial. 最近，我们班就网上交外国朋友是否有益展开了激烈辩论。 (2) People have different opinions among as to the value of studying abroad. 关于出国留学的价值，人们看法不一。 (3) Recently I have been concerned about the discussion on overseas travel, and many people hold opposite views. 最近我一直关注着关于海外旅游的讨论，很多人持有相反的观点。 (4) What bothers me is that some students ignore the potential risks of cross-cultural communication, so I want to share different voices on the topic. 让我担忧的是有些学生忽视了跨文化交流的潜在风险，所以我想分享这个话题的不同声音。 2. 中段常用句式 （1）陈述正方观点 (1) I read an article that told me making foreign friends online can help improve oral English effectively. 我读过一篇文章，了解到网上交外国朋友能有效提高英语口语。 (2) Some people approve of overseas study, arguing that it allows them to gain a global perspective. 有些人支持出国留学，认为这能让他们拥有全球视野。 (3) A survey showed that traveling abroad helps people understand diverse cultures and become cultural envoys. 一项调查显示，海外旅游有助于人们了解多元文化，成为文化使者。 （2）陈述反方观点 (1) Others are strongly against making foreign friends online, as they think it may lead to being misled or cheated. 另一些人强烈反对网上交外国朋友，因为他们认为这可能导致被误导或欺骗。 (2) People who object to overseas study argue that it brings great economic pressure to families. 反对出国留学的人认为这会给家庭带来巨大的经济压力。 (3) Instead of focusing on the benefits, some point out that cultural shock and language barriers make overseas life difficult. 有些人没有关注其好处，而是指出文化冲击和语言障碍让海外生活举步维艰。 3. 尾段常用句式 (1) Now, I realize that cross-cultural communication has both advantages and disadvantages, and we should take a cautious attitude. 现在，我意识到跨文化交流既有优点也有缺点，我们应该持谨慎态度。 (2) At present, not only do I see the benefits of overseas travel, but also I understand the potential risks, so proper preparation is necessary. 目前，我不仅看到了海外旅游的好处，也明白潜在风险，因此充分的准备是必要的。 (3) Thanks to the different views, I have a comprehensive understanding of studying abroad, and I think it’s worth trying if conditions permit. 多亏了这些不同的观点，我对出国留学有了全面的认识，我认为如果条件允许，值得一试。 (4) I am more than happy to see that people can view cross-cultural topics from multiple angles and make rational choices. 我非常高兴地看到人们能从多个角度看待跨文化话题，并做出理性选择。 四、范文背诵 Recently, our class has had a heated debate about whether making foreign friends online is beneficial. People hold different views on this topic. Some students who are in favor of it maintain that it has many advantages. I read an article that told me communicating with foreign friends online can help improve oral English quickly, as we can practice in a real language environment. Besides, it’s a good way to broaden horizons and learn about diverse cultures. However, others are strongly against it. They argue that it’s a waste of time and energy, which may affect our studies. What’s worse, some students may be misled or cheated by strangers online due to lack of understanding. As far as I am concerned, every coin has two sides. Making foreign friends online is not a bad thing, but we should be cautious. We can choose reliable platforms and protect our personal information. Thanks to rational communication, we can not only gain language practice but also enjoy cross-cultural exchanges. ( 题型 01 2 单词拼写 ( 夯实双基，厚积薄发 ) ) 根据汉语和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1.The man ________ (suspect) of being behind the robbery was seen crossing the street. 2.Under Qian’s ________ (leader), China developed the Dongfeng missiles, ________ (follow) by the first generation of Long March rockets. 3.As a graduate ________ (assist) at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion, and in the 1940s, he and several other people ________ (found) the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now one of NASA’s ________ (lead) space-exploration centres. 4.He discovered ________ in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was ________ severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 5.Most great scientists have the ability to see the world in ways ________ other people do not, and ________ (come) up with new ideas ________ other people have never thought of. 6.The truth was ________ the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. 7．Robert is a very _________ man and one of his _________ is to travel in the Antarctic．(ambition) 8．If a student lacks the __________ to study, he or she will quickly become tired of studying．To get kids _________ to learn, I don't think we should treat every child in the same way．(motivate) 9．According to some customers, these new shoes are not very ___________ though they are designed for _______．(comfort) 10．They encouraged the ____________ to ___________ in the singing performance after the contest and their _____________ gave the students much delight．(participate) ( 题型 02 2 单句语法填空 ( 一词多变，活学活用 ) ) 1.(2023·浙江1月卷)Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels _____ a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. 2．(2022·浙江1月卷)The age of electricity is closely linked _______ the steam age. 3．After spending some time looking at all the ____________(defend) equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! 4．(2022·全国乙卷) _______(initial)the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury. 5．(2022·全国乙卷)Our ________(find) suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. 6．(2024·1月浙江卷) In the course of a couple of hours, he showed me just how much one can gain from traveling with an open mind, and a willingness to engage ______ locals from all walks of life. 7．(2022·全国乙卷) ________________(strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media. 8．(2022·全国乙卷)What function is expected ___ the rail drones? 9．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)____________(recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said. 10．(2023·全国甲卷) So many of us have the belief that being __________ is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our _________ zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.(comfort) ( 题型 03 2 完成句子 ( 精彩句型，活学即用 ) ) 1.What John Snow showed to the world was .（约翰・斯诺向世界展示的是霍乱如何被战胜。 2.The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump by waste.（真相是布罗德街水泵里的水已被废弃物污染。 3.Qian Xuesen's greatest contribution was that he China's aerospace industry.（钱学森最大的贡献是为中国航天事业奠定了基础。 4.What makes a great scientist is .（造就伟大科学家的不仅是智慧，还有毅力和奉献精神。 5. was that British people were so eager to learn about Chinese culture.（让谢蕾最惊讶的是英国人如此渴望了解中国文化。 6.The reason why studying abroad is popular is .（出国留学受欢迎的原因是它能开阔人们的视野。 7. we respect cultural differences when communicating with foreigners.（与外国人交流时，我们尊重文化差异是很重要的。 8. depends on our personal situations and goals.（我们是否应该出国留学取决于个人情况和目标。 易混词 用法及例句 frustrate disappoint frustrate（v. 使懊恼；使沮丧）：侧重因计划受阻、努力无果而感到挫败，语气较强。 例：The scientist was frustrated by repeated failures in the experiment to cure cholera. 这位科学家在治愈霍乱的实验中屡遭失败，感到十分沮丧。 例：It frustrated him that the key evidence could not be verified. 关键证据无法核实，这让他很懊恼。 disappoint（v. 使失望）：侧重因他人表现或结果未达预期而失望，语气较温和。 例：The team was disappointed that their research proposal was rejected. 团队的研究提案被拒绝，他们感到失望。 例：She disappointed her mentor by failing to complete the scientific report on time. 她未能按时完成科学报告，让导师失望了。 infect contaminate infect（v. 使感染；传染）：侧重生物层面的感染（疾病、细菌），常用搭配infect sb./sth. with sth.。 例：The cholera bacteria infected the water supply, causing a widespread outbreak. 霍乱细菌污染了供水系统，导致大规模爆发。 例：The virus can infect humans through close contact with patients. 该病毒可通过与患者密切接触感染人类。 contaminate（v. 污染；弄脏）：侧重环境、食物、物品被有害物质污染，范围更广。 例：Industrial waste contaminated the river, making the water unsafe for drinking. 工业废料污染了河流，导致水质不适合饮用。 例：The lab equipment was contaminated by toxic chemicals, forcing the experiment to stop. 实验室设备被有毒化学物质污染，实验被迫中止。 defend protect defend（v. 保卫；辩解）：侧重防御攻击、反驳批评，或保护免受侵害，常用搭配defend sb./sth. against/from sth.。 例：The researcher defended his theory against critics at the academic conference. 这位研究者在学术会议上反驳批评，为自己的理论辩护。 例：Masks can help defend people from being infected by the virus. 口罩能帮助人们抵御病毒感染。 protect（v. 保护；防护）：通用型词汇，侧重通过措施使某人/某物免受伤害，常用搭配protect sb./sth. from/against sth.。 例：Wearing gloves can protect hands from chemical hazards in the lab. 戴手套能保护双手免受实验室化学物质的危害。 例：The government took measures to protect endangered species from extinction. 政府采取措施保护濒危物种免于灭绝。 assist help aid assist（v. 协助；帮助）：较正式，侧重辅助他人完成工作，常与in/with搭配，强调“辅助性”。 例：The assistant assisted the professor in conducting the cholera research. 助手协助教授开展霍乱研究。 例：She assisted in collecting and analyzing statistical data for the project. 她协助收集和分析项目的统计数据。 help（v./n. 帮助；帮忙）：最通用，可用于各种场景，语气口语化。 例：He helped his classmate solve the problem in the scientific experiment. 他帮同学解决了科学实验中的问题。 例：Can you help me find relevant research papers on cross-cultural communication? 你能帮我找些跨文化交流相关的研究论文吗？ aid（v./n. 援助；帮助）：侧重急需的、正式的援助，尤指物质或紧急情况。 例：The international organization aided the country in fighting the infectious disease. 国际组织援助该国抗击传染病。 例：Emergency aid was sent to the flood-hit area to support disaster relief. 紧急援助被送往洪涝灾区支援救灾。 prove confirm prove（v. 证明；证实）：侧重通过证据、实验等证明事实或真理，常用搭配prove sth./that从句。 例：John Snow proved that cholera was spread through contaminated water. 约翰·斯诺证明了霍乱通过受污染的水传播。 例：The experiment proved that the new drug was effective in treating the infection. 实验证明这种新药对治疗该感染有效。 confirm（v. 确认；证实）：侧重核实已知事实或消息的真实性，常用搭配confirm sth./that从句。 例：The lab test confirmed that the water sample was infected with bacteria. 实验室检测确认水样感染了细菌。 例：She called to confirm her participation in the cross-cultural exchange program. 她打电话确认参加跨文化交流项目。 numerous many countless numerous（adj. 数量多的；多种多样的）：较正式，强调数量多且种类多样，常用于书面语。 例：Numerous studies have shown the link between clean water and public health. 大量研究表明了清洁水与公共健康之间的关联。 例：There are numerous cultural differences between Eastern and Western countries. 东西方国家之间有许多文化差异。 many（adj./pron. 许多的；许多）：通用型词汇，可用于口语和书面语，修饰可数名词。 例：Many scientists devoted their lives to fighting infectious diseases. 许多科学家毕生致力于抗击传染病。 例：Many students signed up for the overseas study consultation meeting. 许多学生报名参加了出国留学咨询会。 countless（adj. 无数的；数不清的）：强调数量极多，无法计数。 例：Countless people died from cholera before its transmission route was discovered. 在霍乱传播途径被发现之前，无数人死于该病。 例：He overcame countless difficulties to achieve his ambition of becoming a researcher. 他克服了无数困难，实现了成为研究者的抱负。 substantial considerable substantial（adj. 大量的；价值巨大的；重大的）：侧重数量、金额或意义重大，有“实质的”含义。 例：The research received substantial funding from the government. 这项研究获得了政府的巨额资助。 例：There was a substantial improvement in the cure rate after the new treatment was adopted. 采用新疗法后，治愈率有了显著提高。 considerable（adj. 相当大的；可观的；值得考虑的）：侧重程度、数量或时间可观，强调“值得关注”。 例：It took considerable time to collect and analyze the statistical data. 收集和分析统计数据花费了相当长的时间。 例：She has gained considerable experience in cross-cultural communication during her study abroad. 留学期间，她在跨文化交流方面积累了相当丰富的经验。 qualify certify qualify（v. （使）具备资格；（使）合格）：侧重通过考试、学习或经历获得某种资格，常用搭配qualify for/as sth.。 例：He qualified as a medical researcher after years of professional training. 经过多年专业训练，他取得了医学研究者的资格。 例：You need to pass the language test to qualify for the overseas exchange program. 你需要通过语言测试才能获得海外交流项目的资格。 certify（v. 证明；认证）：侧重由官方或权威机构出具证明，证实事实或资格，常用搭配certify sth./that从句。 例：The lab certified that the drug met international safety standards. 该实验室认证这种药物符合国际安全标准。 例：The university certified his academic qualifications to the foreign institution. 这所大学向国外机构出具了他的学历认证。 adapt adjust adapt（v. （使）适应；改编）：侧重改变自身以适应新环境、新情况，强调“融入”，常用搭配adapt to sth./adapt sth. from sth.。 例：International students need time to adapt to the cultural shock in a foreign country. 留学生需要时间适应国外的文化冲击。 例：The novel was adapted into a play about cross-cultural communication. 这部小说被改编成一部关于跨文化交流的戏剧。 adjust（v. 调整；适应）：侧重主动调整细节（如方法、状态）以适配，常用搭配adjust to sth./adjust sth.。 例：The researcher adjusted the experiment method to improve accuracy. 研究者调整了实验方法以提高准确性。 例：She quickly adjusted to the new working environment in the research team. 她很快适应了研究团队的新工作环境。 participate engage involve participate（v. 参加；参与）：侧重主动参与活动，常用搭配participate in sth.，语气较正式。 例：Many experts participated in the academic seminar on infectious diseases. 许多专家参加了关于传染病的学术研讨会。 例：Students are encouraged to participate in cross-cultural exchange activities. 鼓励学生参加跨文化交流活动。 engage（v. 参与；吸引）：侧重投入地参与或吸引注意力，常用搭配engage in sth./engage sb. in sth.。 例：The researcher engaged in the cholera study for over a decade. 这位研究者投身霍乱研究超过十年。 例：She tried to engage the foreign guests in a conversation about Chinese culture. 她试图让外国客人参与关于中国文化的对话。 involve（v. 涉及；使参与）：侧重某事需要参与，或被动卷入，常用搭配involve sb. in sth./be involved in sth.。 例：The project involves cooperation between researchers from different countries. 该项目涉及不同国家研究者之间的合作。 例：He was involved in organizing the international conference on public health. 他参与了公共卫生国际会议的组织工作。 advise suggest recommend advise（v. 建议；劝告）：侧重基于专业知识或经验给出具体行动建议，常用搭配advise sb. to do sth./advise that从句。 例：The doctor advised the team to focus on water purification to prevent cholera. 医生建议团队重点关注水净化以预防霍乱。 例：The advisor advised him to improve his language skills before studying abroad. 顾问建议他出国留学前提高语言能力。 suggest（v. 建议；暗示）：侧重提出想法或方案，语气较委婉，常用搭配suggest doing sth./suggest that从句。 例：She suggested conducting a survey to understand cultural differences. 她建议进行一项调查以了解文化差异。 例：The data suggests that the new treatment is promising. 数据表明这种新疗法很有前景。 recommend（v. 推荐；建议）：侧重基于了解推荐合适的人、物或方案，常用搭配recommend sth./sb. to sb./recommend doing sth.。 例：The professor recommended several classic papers on infectious diseases. 教授推荐了几篇关于传染病的经典论文。 例：I recommend the cross-cultural training program for international students. 我向留学生推荐这个跨文化培训项目。 ambition aspiration ambition（n. 抱负；野心；夙愿）：可褒可贬，侧重为实现目标的强烈渴望，可指个人或功利性目标。 例：His ambition to find a cure for cholera drove him to work day and night. 他寻找霍乱疗法的抱负驱使他日夜工作。 例：She had no ambition for fame; she just wanted to help people in need. 她没有追名逐利的野心，只是想帮助有需要的人。 aspiration（n. 渴望；抱负）：褒义，侧重崇高、远大的愿望，常与for/to搭配。 例：Her aspiration for cross-cultural understanding led her to study linguistics. 她对跨文化理解的渴望促使她学习语言学。 例：The young researcher has aspirations to make substantial contributions to medical science. 这位年轻研究者渴望为医学做出重大贡献。 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $专题04 选择性必修第二册Unit 1~2单元词汇短语句型梳理 ( 清单 01 词类转换 ( 变出精彩，举一反三 ) ) Unit1 1．frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustrate vt.使懊恼；使沮丧→frustration n．沮丧；懊恼；挫败 2．infection n．感染；传染→infect vt.使感染；传染→infectious adj.感染的；传染的 3．evidence n．证据；证明；检验→prove vt.证明 vi.证明是 4．numerous adj.数量多的；多种多样的→multiply vi.& vt.乘；繁殖 5．intervention n．介入；出面；干涉→intervene vi.干扰；介入 6．pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purely adv.完全地；纯粹地→purify vt.净化；使……洁净 7．substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的→substance n．物质；物品；事实基础；根据 8．defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→defence（或defense）n．防御；保卫；保护 9．assistant n．助理；助手→assist vt.& vi.帮助；协助→assistance n．帮助；协助；援助 10．gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→gift n．礼物；天赋 11．steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→steadily adv.稳定地；持续地 12．vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→vividly adv.生动地；逼真地；鲜明地 Unit2 1．qualification n．(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历→qualify vt.& vi.(使)具备资格；(使)合格→qualified adj.有资格的；称职的 2．ambition n．追求的目标；夙愿；野心；抱负→ambitious adj.有野心的；有雄心的 3．adaptation n．适应；改编本→adapt vt.(使)适应；改编 4．comfort n．安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸 vt.安慰；抚慰→comfortable adj.令人舒适的；舒服的→uncomfortable adj.不舒服的 5．participate vi.参加；参与→participation n．参加；参与→participant n.参与者 6．presentation n. 报告；陈述；出示；拿出→present vt.颁发；赠送；呈递 n.礼物 adj.现在的；出席的 7．engage vi.参加；参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣)；(使)参加；吸引；雇用→engaged adj.忙于；从事于；已订婚的→engagement n.订婚；约定 8．involve vt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加→involved adj.参与的；投入的→involvement n．参与 9．edition n．(报纸、杂志)一份；(广播、电视节目)一期、一辑；版次→edit vt.编辑；剪辑→editor n．编辑；编者 10．overwhelming adj.无法抗拒的；巨大的；压倒性的→overwhelm vt.(常用于被动语态)使不知所措；压倒 11．homesickness n．思乡病；乡愁→homesick adj.想家的；思乡的 12．active adj.积极的；主动的→motivation n．动力；积极性；动机→motivate vt.成为……的动机；激发；激励 13．adviser（或advisor）n．(also-ser)顾问→advise vt.& vi.建议；劝告→advice n．建议；忠告 14．reasonable adj.有道理的；合情理的→reasonably adv.有理地；合理地→reason n．原因；道理 vi.推理 vt.推断→unreasonable adj.不合理的；不公正的 15．expectation n．期望；预期；期待→expect vt.预料；期望 16．applicant n．申请人→apply vi.申请 vt.应用；适用；涂；敷→application n．申请；申请书→app n．应用程序 17．exposure n．接触；体验；暴露；揭露→expose vt.使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于(险境) 18．departure n．离开；启程；出发→depart vi.& vt.离开；启程；出发 19．dramatic adj.巨大的；突然的；急剧的；戏剧(般)的→dramatically adv.突然地；戏剧地；引人注目地→drama n．戏剧；戏剧性事件 20．behave vt.表现 vi.& vt.表现得体；有礼貌→behavior（或behaviour）n．行为；举止 21．surroundings n．[pl.]环境；周围的事物→surrounding adj.周围的；附近的→surround vt.包围；围绕 ( 清单 02 识词知意 ( 厚积薄发，熟能生巧 ) ) Unit 1 1．contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的；抵触的 2．germ n. 细菌；病菌；胚芽 3．pump n. 泵；抽水机；打气筒 4．water pump 水泵 5．household n. 家庭；住户；一家人 6．raw adj. 生的；未加工的；原始的；未经处理的 7．statistic n.[pl.] 统计数据；统计资料；统计数字 8．microscope n．显微镜 9．protein n．蛋白质 10．cell n．细胞；电池；小房间；单元 11．virus n．病毒 12．framework n．框架；结构；体系 13．theoretical framework 理论框架 14．rainbow n．彩虹 15．concrete n．混凝土 adj. 具体的；实在的；有形的 Unit 1 1．tutor n. 导师；家庭教师；辅导员；指导教师 2．cite vt. 引用；援引；提及；举出 3．messenger n. 信使；送信人；使者；通信员 4．culture shock 文化冲击 5．zone n. 区域；地带；分区；时区 6．setting n. 环境；背景；场景；设置 7．tremendous adj. 巨大的；极大的；了不起的；惊人的 8．mature adj. 成熟的；成年人的；深思熟虑的；稳重的 9．boom vi.& n. 繁荣；兴盛；激增；轰鸣 10．perspective n. 视角；观点；看法；远景；透视法 11．envoy n. 特使；使者；代表 12．outlook n. 看法；观点；态度；展望；前景 13．belt n. 腰带；皮带；地带；区域 14．initiative n. 倡议；主动性；积极性；举措 15．the Belt and Road Initiative 一带一路倡议 ( 清单 03 高频短语 ( 积 少成多，活学活用 ) ) Unit 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公3 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.multiple deaths多例死亡 2.subscribe to同意;赞同 3.solid proof可靠证据 4.water pump水泵 5.be to blame负有责任 6.concrete solutions具体的解决办法 7.initial stage初始阶段 8.remove the handle拆把手 9.once and for all最终地;彻底地 10.thanks to幸亏;由于 11.above all最重要的是;尤其是 12.theoretical framework理论框架 13.statistical ability统计能力 14.creative thinking创造性思维 15.outstanding leadership杰出的领导才能 16.the questioning mind质疑的头脑 17.think outside the box突破常规思维 18.a shift in interest兴趣的改变 19.a link between ...之间的关联 20.break out突然开始;爆发 21.cast shadows投下阴影 22.come down with a disease患病 23.in charge of主管;掌管 24.be traced back to追溯到 25.be saddened by深感悲伤 26.achieve fame成名 27.earn the name of被誉为 28.It’s pouring with rain.大雨滂沱。 Unit 2 1．take part in 参加；参与 2．speak up 大声点说；明确表态 3．feel at ease 舒服自在；不拘束 4．engage in (使)从事；参与 5．be involved in 参与；卷入；与……有关联 6．culture shock 文化冲击 7．comfort zone 舒适区；舒适范围 8．cost an arm and a leg (使)花一大笔钱 9．side with 支持；站在……的一边 10．as far as I know 据我所知 11．as far as I'm concerned 就我而言；依我看来 12．all in all 总的来说；总之 13．in general 一般来说 14．first of all 首先 ( 清单 04 高频句型 ( 精彩句型，句句精彩 ) ) 1.until引导的时间状语从句 Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 2．so...that...如此……以至于…… He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。 3．that引导的宾语从句 Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. 斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。 4．It seemed that...似乎…… It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。 5．have＋宾语＋宾语补足语 Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. 因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。 ( 清单 05 单元写作 ( 通用表达，范文背诵 ) ) Unit 1 一、单元写作任务：介绍科学家精神/杰出科学家 本部分常考的写作话题是“阐述科学精神”或“介绍杰出科学家”，要求写一篇短文，突出科学家的核心品质、主要经历与重大贡献，并阐述其精神对自身的启示。写作需观点鲜明、事例典型、逻辑连贯，内容通常包括：1. 点明写作主题（科学精神的内涵或所崇拜的科学家）；2. 结合具体事例说明科学家的品质与贡献；3. 表达对自身的启发与学习决心。 二、亮点词汇 1. scientific spirit 科学精神 2. scientist n. 科学家 3. devotion n. 奉献 4. persistence n. 坚持不懈 5. creativity n. 创新 6. diligence n. 勤奋 7. determination n. 决心 8. noble quality 高尚品质 9. remarkable contribution 杰出贡献 10. pioneer n. 先驱；开拓者 11. committed adj. 尽心尽力的 12. knowledgeable adj. 知识渊博的 13. gifted/talented adj. 有天赋的 14. sacrifice v./n. 牺牲 15. inspire v. 鼓舞 16. scientific research 科学研究 17. fulfill one’s dream 实现梦想 18. set a good example 树立好榜样 三、常用表达 1. 首段常用句式 (1) As far as I am concerned, scientific spirit consists of noble qualities like persistence, creativity and devotion. 就我而言，科学精神包含坚持、创新和奉献等高尚品质。 (2) My hero is Yuan Longping, an outstanding scientist known as the "Father of Hybrid Rice". 我的英雄是袁隆平，一位被誉为“杂交水稻之父”的杰出科学家。 (3) Recently I have been deeply inspired by the stories of great scientists, and I want to share my understanding of scientific spirit. 最近，我被伟大科学家的故事深深打动，想分享我对科学精神的理解。 (4) What bothers me most is that some students ignore the value of scientific spirit, so I’m eager to talk about its importance. 让我最担忧的是有些学生忽视科学精神的价值，所以我想谈谈它的重要性。 2. 中段常用句式 (1) I read an article that told me Tu Youyou devoted her whole life to medical research and finally discovered artemisinin. 我读过一篇文章，了解到屠呦呦毕生致力于医学研究，最终发现了青蒿素。 (2) A documentary showed that Qian Xuesen sacrificed his comfortable life abroad to serve his motherland. 一部纪录片显示，钱学森放弃了国外舒适的生活，回国报效祖国。 (3) Yuan Longping, who was committed to solving the food shortage problem, spent decades researching hybrid rice. 袁隆平致力于解决粮食短缺问题，花费数十年时间研究杂交水稻。 (4) Instead of giving up in the face of failures, these scientists kept trying and finally achieved their goals. 这些科学家没有在失败面前退缩，而是坚持不懈，最终实现了目标。 3. 尾段常用句式 (1) Now, I realize that scientific spirit is the key to success, and I will learn from these great scientists. 现在，我意识到科学精神是成功的关键，我会向这些伟大的科学家学习。 (2) At present, not only do I admire their remarkable contributions, but also I am determined to apply scientific spirit to my study. 目前，我不仅敬佩他们的杰出贡献，还决心将科学精神运用到学习中。 (3) Thanks to their inspiration, I have become more persistent and brave when facing difficulties. 多亏了他们的鼓舞，我在面对困难时变得更加坚韧和勇敢。 (4) I am more than happy to see that more young people are willing to inherit and carry forward scientific spirit. 我非常高兴地看到，越来越多的年轻人愿意继承和弘扬科学精神。 四、范文背诵 My Hero My hero is Liang Jianying, a brilliant scientist and the general designer of China's high-speed railway. Born in 1972, she graduated from university in 1995 and has been devoted to high-speed railway research ever since. A documentary showed that Liang led her team through countless challenges. Instead of being discouraged by technical difficulties, they kept experimenting and innovating. Finally, they successfully developed high-speed EMUs with a speed of 300-350 km/h, which greatly improved China's transportation efficiency and brought convenience to people's travel. Her persistence and creativity fully reflect the core of scientific spirit. At present, not only do I admire her remarkable achievements, but also I am determined to learn from her. Thanks to her inspiration, I will face study difficulties bravely and keep pursuing my dreams. I believe that as long as we hold scientific spirit, we can make our own contributions to society. Unit 2 一、单元写作任务：跨文化相关正反观点议论文 本部分常考的写作话题是“跨文化交流类正反观点论述”（如出国留学、跨国交友、海外旅游等），要求写一篇议论文，针对跨文化相关现象阐述不同立场的观点及理由，最终表明个人见解。写作需逻辑清晰、论据充分、态度明确，内容通常包括：1. 点明辩论主题及争议性；2. 分述正反两方观点及核心论据；3. 总结并表明个人立场。 二、亮点词汇 1. cross-cultural communication 跨文化交流 2. cultural shock 文化冲击 3. global perspective 全球视野 4. cultural background 文化背景 5. overseas study 出国留学 6. international friend 外国朋友 7. cultural envoy 文化使者 8. broaden horizons 开阔眼界 9. language barrier 语言障碍 10. economic pressure 经济压力 11. personal safety 人身安全 12. diverse cultures 多元文化 13. cultural exchange 文化交流 14. adapt to 适应 15. cooperate with 与……合作 16. view the world from different angles 从不同角度看待世界 三、常用表达 1. 首段常用句式 (1) Recently, our class has had a heated debate about whether making foreign friends online is beneficial. 最近，我们班就网上交外国朋友是否有益展开了激烈辩论。 (2) People have different opinions among as to the value of studying abroad. 关于出国留学的价值，人们看法不一。 (3) Recently I have been concerned about the discussion on overseas travel, and many people hold opposite views. 最近我一直关注着关于海外旅游的讨论，很多人持有相反的观点。 (4) What bothers me is that some students ignore the potential risks of cross-cultural communication, so I want to share different voices on the topic. 让我担忧的是有些学生忽视了跨文化交流的潜在风险，所以我想分享这个话题的不同声音。 2. 中段常用句式 （1）陈述正方观点 (1) I read an article that told me making foreign friends online can help improve oral English effectively. 我读过一篇文章，了解到网上交外国朋友能有效提高英语口语。 (2) Some people approve of overseas study, arguing that it allows them to gain a global perspective. 有些人支持出国留学，认为这能让他们拥有全球视野。 (3) A survey showed that traveling abroad helps people understand diverse cultures and become cultural envoys. 一项调查显示，海外旅游有助于人们了解多元文化，成为文化使者。 （2）陈述反方观点 (1) Others are strongly against making foreign friends online, as they think it may lead to being misled or cheated. 另一些人强烈反对网上交外国朋友，因为他们认为这可能导致被误导或欺骗。 (2) People who object to overseas study argue that it brings great economic pressure to families. 反对出国留学的人认为这会给家庭带来巨大的经济压力。 (3) Instead of focusing on the benefits, some point out that cultural shock and language barriers make overseas life difficult. 有些人没有关注其好处，而是指出文化冲击和语言障碍让海外生活举步维艰。 3. 尾段常用句式 (1) Now, I realize that cross-cultural communication has both advantages and disadvantages, and we should take a cautious attitude. 现在，我意识到跨文化交流既有优点也有缺点，我们应该持谨慎态度。 (2) At present, not only do I see the benefits of overseas travel, but also I understand the potential risks, so proper preparation is necessary. 目前，我不仅看到了海外旅游的好处，也明白潜在风险，因此充分的准备是必要的。 (3) Thanks to the different views, I have a comprehensive understanding of studying abroad, and I think it’s worth trying if conditions permit. 多亏了这些不同的观点，我对出国留学有了全面的认识，我认为如果条件允许，值得一试。 (4) I am more than happy to see that people can view cross-cultural topics from multiple angles and make rational choices. 我非常高兴地看到人们能从多个角度看待跨文化话题，并做出理性选择。 四、范文背诵 Recently, our class has had a heated debate about whether making foreign friends online is beneficial. People hold different views on this topic. Some students who are in favor of it maintain that it has many advantages. I read an article that told me communicating with foreign friends online can help improve oral English quickly, as we can practice in a real language environment. Besides, it’s a good way to broaden horizons and learn about diverse cultures. However, others are strongly against it. They argue that it’s a waste of time and energy, which may affect our studies. What’s worse, some students may be misled or cheated by strangers online due to lack of understanding. As far as I am concerned, every coin has two sides. Making foreign friends online is not a bad thing, but we should be cautious. We can choose reliable platforms and protect our personal information. Thanks to rational communication, we can not only gain language practice but also enjoy cross-cultural exchanges. ( 题型 01 2 单词拼写 ( 夯实双基，厚积薄发 ) ) 根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1.The man suspected of being behind the robbery was seen crossing the street. 2.Under Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets. 3.As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion, and in the 1940s, he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now one of NASA’s leading space-exploration centres. 4.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 5.Most great scientists have the ability to see the world in ways that/in which other people do not, and come up with new ideas that/which other people have never thought of. 6.The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. 7.Robert is a very ambitious man and one of his ambitions is to travel in the Antarctic． 8.If a student lacks the motivation to study, he or she will quickly become tired of studying．To get kids motivated to learn, I don't think we should treat every child in the same way． 9.According to some customers, these new shoes are not very comfortable though they are designed for comfort． 10.They encouraged the participants to participate in the singing performance after the contest and their participation gave the students much delight． ( 题型 02 2 单句语法填空 ( 一词多变，活学活用 ) ) 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.（2023·浙江1月卷）Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels _____ a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. 【答案】into 【解析】考查固定搭配。transform A into B 为固定短语，表“把A变成B”，此处指“将太阳能电池板下的空间改造成各种传粉者的栖息地”，符合句意。故填into。 2.（2022·浙江1月卷）The age of electricity is closely linked _______ the steam age. 【答案】to 【解析】考查固定搭配。link A to B 为常用短语，表“把A和B紧密联系起来”，此处指“电气时代与蒸汽时代紧密相关”，符合语境。link也可与with搭配，但linked to 更侧重“逻辑上的关联”，故填to。 3.（无明确卷别）After spending some time looking at all the ____________(defend) equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! 【答案】defensive 【解析】考查词性转换。此处需形容词修饰名词equipment，defend 为动词，其形容词形式为defensive（防御性的），“defensive equipment”表“防御装备”，符合句意。故填defensive。 4.（2022·全国乙卷） _______(initial)the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury. 【答案】Initially 【解析】考查词性转换。此处需副词修饰整个句子，initial 为形容词，其副词形式为Initially（最初、起初），句首首字母大写，符合语法要求。故填Initially。 5.（2022·全国乙卷）Our ________(find) suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. 【答案】findings 【解析】考查名词复数。此处需名词作主语，find 为动词，其名词形式为finding（发现），谓语动词suggest 为原形，提示主语为复数，故填findings。 6.（2024·1月浙江卷） In the course of a couple of hours, he showed me just how much one can gain from traveling with an open mind, and a willingness to engage ______ locals from all walks of life. 【答案】with 【解析】考查固定搭配。engage with 为固定短语，表“与……交流、接触”，此处指“愿意与各行各业的当地人交流”，符合句意。故填with。 7.（2022·全国乙卷） ________________(strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media. 【答案】To strengthen 【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式作目的状语，表“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，不定式位于句首时需完整保留to，句首首字母大写。故填To strengthen。 8.（2022·全国乙卷）What function is expected ___ the rail drones? 【答案】of 【解析】考查固定搭配。expect sth. of sb./sth. 为固定结构，表“期待某人/某物具备……功能/特质”，此处指“轨道无人机被期望具备什么功能”，符合语法逻辑。故填of。 9.（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）____________(recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said. 【答案】Having recalled 【解析】考查非谓语动词。主语Edmondson 与recall（回忆）为主动关系，且“回忆”的动作发生在“说（said）”之前，需用现在分词完成式（Having + 过去分词）表先后顺序。句首首字母大写，故填Having recalled。 10.（2023·全国甲卷） So many of us have the belief that being __________ is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our _________ zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.(comfort) 【答案】comfortable；comfort 【解析】第一空考查词性转换，be 动词后需接形容词作表语，comfort 的形容词形式为comfortable（舒适的）；第二空为固定搭配“comfort zone”（舒适区），用名词comfort 修饰zone。故依次填comfortable、comfort。 ( 题型 03 2 完成句子 ( 精彩句型，活学即用 ) ) 1.What John Snow showed to the world was how cholera could be overcome（约翰・斯诺向世界展示的是霍乱如何被战胜。 2.The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.（真相是布罗德街水泵里的水已被废弃物污染。 3.Qian Xuesen's greatest contribution was that he laid the foundation for China's aerospace industry.（钱学森最大的贡献是为中国航天事业奠定了基础。 4.What makes a great scientist is not only intelligence but also perseverance and devotion（造就伟大科学家的不仅是智慧，还有毅力和奉献精神。 5. What surprised Xie Lei most was that British people were so eager to learn about Chinese culture.（让谢蕾最惊讶的是英国人如此渴望了解中国文化。 6.The reason why studying abroad is popular is that it can broaden people's horizons .（出国留学受欢迎的原因是它能开阔人们的视野。 7.It is important that we respect cultural differences when communicating with foreigners.（与外国人交流时，我们尊重文化差异是很重要的。 8.Whether we should study abroad depends on our personal situations and goals.（我们是否应该出国留学取决于个人情况和目标。 易混词 用法及例句 frustrate disappoint frustrate（v. 使懊恼；使沮丧）：侧重因计划受阻、努力无果而感到挫败，语气较强。 例：The scientist was frustrated by repeated failures in the experiment to cure cholera. 这位科学家在治愈霍乱的实验中屡遭失败，感到十分沮丧。 例：It frustrated him that the key evidence could not be verified. 关键证据无法核实，这让他很懊恼。 disappoint（v. 使失望）：侧重因他人表现或结果未达预期而失望，语气较温和。 例：The team was disappointed that their research proposal was rejected. 团队的研究提案被拒绝，他们感到失望。 例：She disappointed her mentor by failing to complete the scientific report on time. 她未能按时完成科学报告，让导师失望了。 infect contaminate infect（v. 使感染；传染）：侧重生物层面的感染（疾病、细菌），常用搭配infect sb./sth. with sth.。 例：The cholera bacteria infected the water supply, causing a widespread outbreak. 霍乱细菌污染了供水系统，导致大规模爆发。 例：The virus can infect humans through close contact with patients. 该病毒可通过与患者密切接触感染人类。 contaminate（v. 污染；弄脏）：侧重环境、食物、物品被有害物质污染，范围更广。 例：Industrial waste contaminated the river, making the water unsafe for drinking. 工业废料污染了河流，导致水质不适合饮用。 例：The lab equipment was contaminated by toxic chemicals, forcing the experiment to stop. 实验室设备被有毒化学物质污染，实验被迫中止。 defend protect defend（v. 保卫；辩解）：侧重防御攻击、反驳批评，或保护免受侵害，常用搭配defend sb./sth. against/from sth.。 例：The researcher defended his theory against critics at the academic conference. 这位研究者在学术会议上反驳批评，为自己的理论辩护。 例：Masks can help defend people from being infected by the virus. 口罩能帮助人们抵御病毒感染。 protect（v. 保护；防护）：通用型词汇，侧重通过措施使某人/某物免受伤害，常用搭配protect sb./sth. from/against sth.。 例：Wearing gloves can protect hands from chemical hazards in the lab. 戴手套能保护双手免受实验室化学物质的危害。 例：The government took measures to protect endangered species from extinction. 政府采取措施保护濒危物种免于灭绝。 assist help aid assist（v. 协助；帮助）：较正式，侧重辅助他人完成工作，常与in/with搭配，强调“辅助性”。 例：The assistant assisted the professor in conducting the cholera research. 助手协助教授开展霍乱研究。 例：She assisted in collecting and analyzing statistical data for the project. 她协助收集和分析项目的统计数据。 help（v./n. 帮助；帮忙）：最通用，可用于各种场景，语气口语化。 例：He helped his classmate solve the problem in the scientific experiment. 他帮同学解决了科学实验中的问题。 例：Can you help me find relevant research papers on cross-cultural communication? 你能帮我找些跨文化交流相关的研究论文吗？ aid（v./n. 援助；帮助）：侧重急需的、正式的援助，尤指物质或紧急情况。 例：The international organization aided the country in fighting the infectious disease. 国际组织援助该国抗击传染病。 例：Emergency aid was sent to the flood-hit area to support disaster relief. 紧急援助被送往洪涝灾区支援救灾。 prove confirm prove（v. 证明；证实）：侧重通过证据、实验等证明事实或真理，常用搭配prove sth./that从句。 例：John Snow proved that cholera was spread through contaminated water. 约翰·斯诺证明了霍乱通过受污染的水传播。 例：The experiment proved that the new drug was effective in treating the infection. 实验证明这种新药对治疗该感染有效。 confirm（v. 确认；证实）：侧重核实已知事实或消息的真实性，常用搭配confirm sth./that从句。 例：The lab test confirmed that the water sample was infected with bacteria. 实验室检测确认水样感染了细菌。 例：She called to confirm her participation in the cross-cultural exchange program. 她打电话确认参加跨文化交流项目。 numerous many countless numerous（adj. 数量多的；多种多样的）：较正式，强调数量多且种类多样，常用于书面语。 例：Numerous studies have shown the link between clean water and public health. 大量研究表明了清洁水与公共健康之间的关联。 例：There are numerous cultural differences between Eastern and Western countries. 东西方国家之间有许多文化差异。 many（adj./pron. 许多的；许多）：通用型词汇，可用于口语和书面语，修饰可数名词。 例：Many scientists devoted their lives to fighting infectious diseases. 许多科学家毕生致力于抗击传染病。 例：Many students signed up for the overseas study consultation meeting. 许多学生报名参加了出国留学咨询会。 countless（adj. 无数的；数不清的）：强调数量极多，无法计数。 例：Countless people died from cholera before its transmission route was discovered. 在霍乱传播途径被发现之前，无数人死于该病。 例：He overcame countless difficulties to achieve his ambition of becoming a researcher. 他克服了无数困难，实现了成为研究者的抱负。 substantial considerable substantial（adj. 大量的；价值巨大的；重大的）：侧重数量、金额或意义重大，有“实质的”含义。 例：The research received substantial funding from the government. 这项研究获得了政府的巨额资助。 例：There was a substantial improvement in the cure rate after the new treatment was adopted. 采用新疗法后，治愈率有了显著提高。 considerable（adj. 相当大的；可观的；值得考虑的）：侧重程度、数量或时间可观，强调“值得关注”。 例：It took considerable time to collect and analyze the statistical data. 收集和分析统计数据花费了相当长的时间。 例：She has gained considerable experience in cross-cultural communication during her study abroad. 留学期间，她在跨文化交流方面积累了相当丰富的经验。 qualify certify qualify（v. （使）具备资格；（使）合格）：侧重通过考试、学习或经历获得某种资格，常用搭配qualify for/as sth.。 例：He qualified as a medical researcher after years of professional training. 经过多年专业训练，他取得了医学研究者的资格。 例：You need to pass the language test to qualify for the overseas exchange program. 你需要通过语言测试才能获得海外交流项目的资格。 certify（v. 证明；认证）：侧重由官方或权威机构出具证明，证实事实或资格，常用搭配certify sth./that从句。 例：The lab certified that the drug met international safety standards. 该实验室认证这种药物符合国际安全标准。 例：The university certified his academic qualifications to the foreign institution. 这所大学向国外机构出具了他的学历认证。 adapt adjust adapt（v. （使）适应；改编）：侧重改变自身以适应新环境、新情况，强调“融入”，常用搭配adapt to sth./adapt sth. from sth.。 例：International students need time to adapt to the cultural shock in a foreign country. 留学生需要时间适应国外的文化冲击。 例：The novel was adapted into a play about cross-cultural communication. 这部小说被改编成一部关于跨文化交流的戏剧。 adjust（v. 调整；适应）：侧重主动调整细节（如方法、状态）以适配，常用搭配adjust to sth./adjust sth.。 例：The researcher adjusted the experiment method to improve accuracy. 研究者调整了实验方法以提高准确性。 例：She quickly adjusted to the new working environment in the research team. 她很快适应了研究团队的新工作环境。 participate engage involve participate（v. 参加；参与）：侧重主动参与活动，常用搭配participate in sth.，语气较正式。 例：Many experts participated in the academic seminar on infectious diseases. 许多专家参加了关于传染病的学术研讨会。 例：Students are encouraged to participate in cross-cultural exchange activities. 鼓励学生参加跨文化交流活动。 engage（v. 参与；吸引）：侧重投入地参与或吸引注意力，常用搭配engage in sth./engage sb. in sth.。 例：The researcher engaged in the cholera study for over a decade. 这位研究者投身霍乱研究超过十年。 例：She tried to engage the foreign guests in a conversation about Chinese culture. 她试图让外国客人参与关于中国文化的对话。 involve（v. 涉及；使参与）：侧重某事需要参与，或被动卷入，常用搭配involve sb. in sth./be involved in sth.。 例：The project involves cooperation between researchers from different countries. 该项目涉及不同国家研究者之间的合作。 例：He was involved in organizing the international conference on public health. 他参与了公共卫生国际会议的组织工作。 advise suggest recommend advise（v. 建议；劝告）：侧重基于专业知识或经验给出具体行动建议，常用搭配advise sb. to do sth./advise that从句。 例：The doctor advised the team to focus on water purification to prevent cholera. 医生建议团队重点关注水净化以预防霍乱。 例：The advisor advised him to improve his language skills before studying abroad. 顾问建议他出国留学前提高语言能力。 suggest（v. 建议；暗示）：侧重提出想法或方案，语气较委婉，常用搭配suggest doing sth./suggest that从句。 例：She suggested conducting a survey to understand cultural differences. 她建议进行一项调查以了解文化差异。 例：The data suggests that the new treatment is promising. 数据表明这种新疗法很有前景。 recommend（v. 推荐；建议）：侧重基于了解推荐合适的人、物或方案，常用搭配recommend sth./sb. to sb./recommend doing sth.。 例：The professor recommended several classic papers on infectious diseases. 教授推荐了几篇关于传染病的经典论文。 例：I recommend the cross-cultural training program for international students. 我向留学生推荐这个跨文化培训项目。 ambition aspiration ambition（n. 抱负；野心；夙愿）：可褒可贬，侧重为实现目标的强烈渴望，可指个人或功利性目标。 例：His ambition to find a cure for cholera drove him to work day and night. 他寻找霍乱疗法的抱负驱使他日夜工作。 例：She had no ambition for fame; she just wanted to help people in need. 她没有追名逐利的野心，只是想帮助有需要的人。 aspiration（n. 渴望；抱负）：褒义，侧重崇高、远大的愿望，常与for/to搭配。 例：Her aspiration for cross-cultural understanding led her to study linguistics. 她对跨文化理解的渴望促使她学习语言学。 例：The young researcher has aspirations to make substantial contributions to medical science. 这位年轻研究者渴望为医学做出重大贡献。 $