专题04 名词性从句（主语、宾语、表语从句）（期末复习讲义）高二英语上学期人教版

专题04 名词性从句（主语、宾语、表语从句） （期末复习讲义） 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2025 全国一卷 表语从句 【考向透视】 1.核心聚焦：期末考查以 “引导词精准选择”、“语序规则应用”“形式主 / 宾语用法”为核心，侧重期中后重点 —— 表语从句与主语从句的混合辨析、介词后宾语从句的特殊用法，以及语篇中 “时态呼应 + 语境逻辑” 的综合判断。 2.题型分布：语法填空（单句 / 语篇）、单项选择占，写作（观点表达、原因阐释），阅读长难句理解。其中语篇语法填空侧重从句在真实语境中的综合运用，写作要求用从句表达观点或理由。 3.易错点高频区：①that（无成分无意义）与 what（充当成份有意义）混淆；②whether（主语 / 表语 / 介词后）与 if（仅宾语从句）误用；③宾语从句中 that 省略不当（多从句时第二个 that 不可省）；④主语从句主谓一致错误（单个从句作主语谓语用单数）；⑤表语从句 “The reason why...is that...” 句式中用 because 替代 that；⑥从句语序倒装（如误写为 When will he come is unknown）。 【复习目标】 1.熟练掌握主语、宾语、表语从句的核心结构、引导词分类及适用场景，能快速判断从句类型。 2.精准区分易混引导词（that/what/whether/if 等）的用法边界，规避语序、时态、引导词省略等典型错误。 3.能在语法填空、单选、写作中灵活运用，应对 “复杂句式 + 语境逻辑” 的综合性题目（如语篇中嵌套多类从句）。 4.掌握 “判类型→看成分→定引导词→查规则” 的通用解题步骤，提升解题效率与准确率。 北京卷 表语从句 2024 全国甲卷 宾语从句 浙江 1 月卷 表语从句 2023 全国甲卷 主语从句： 浙江 3 月卷 宾语从句 新高考 II 卷 表语从句 2022 北京卷 宾语从句；表语从句 新课标 II 卷 宾语从句 名词性从句 在句中起名词作用的各种从句，称为名词性从句。 分类： 主从：主句谓语前 宾从：及物动词、形容词或介词之后 表从：系动词后 同位语从句：抽象名词后 主语从句 1. 定义：在句子中充当主语的从句称为主语从句,位于句首主语的位置。当主语从句位于句首时,引导从句的连接词一律不能省略,其谓语动词通常用单数。 2.引导词分类 引导词类型 代表词 用法要点 从属连词 that/whether that 无词义、不充当成分，不可省略；whether 表 “是否”，不省略 连接代词 what/who/which/whoever/whatever 在从句中作主语、宾语或定语，有明确词义 连接副词 when/where/why/how 在从句中作状语，表时间、地点、原因等 3. 关键用法 (1) 语序：必须用陈述语序（例：When he will come is unknown. 而非 When will he come...）。 (2) 形式主语：It 作形式主语的句型 1) It+ be + 形容词+ that从句 2) It+ be +名词+ that从句 3) It+ be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句 (said, believed, reported, known, proved, …) 4) It + 不及物动词+ that从句(seem,appear, happen…) (3) 主谓一致：单个主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数；两个及以上从句并列作主语时，谓语用复数（例：When they will start and where they will go are still unknown.）。 宾语从句 1. 定义：充当及物动词、介词或形容词后的宾语的从句。 2. 引导词分类 (1)从属连词：that（可省略，多动词后）、whether/if（表 “是否”，介词后只能用 whether）。 (2)连接代词：what/who/whom/whose/which（作从句主语、宾语等）。 (3)连接副词：when/where/why/how（作从句状语）。 3. 关键用法 (1)语序：陈述语序（例：She asked where the meeting would be held.）。 (2)that 的省略：单个宾语从句中可省，多个并列从句中仅第一个可省（例：He said (that) he would come and that he would bring a gift.）。 (3)形式宾语：“主语 + find/think/consider/make + it + 宾补 + that 从句”（例：I find it useful that we learn body language.）。 (4)特殊搭配：介词（insist on/devote to）或固定短语（have difficulty in）后接从句时，需先接介词再引导从句（例：They insisted on holding the party outdoors.）。 4.注意点 (1)在动词 agree，argue，assure，hold，indicate，maintain，inform，object，suggest 等后接宾语从句时，that 通常不省略。例如： The scientist held that the drug was dangerous. They maintain that rules about dress are a limitation of personal freedom. He objected that it was impossible. (2)连接两个并列的宾语从句时，连接第二个宾语从句的 that 不可省略。例如： He said he couldn't tell you right away and that you wouldn't understand. I know you aren't a doctor and that you want your son to become a doctor. (3)介词后不接 that 引导的从句，但可接 the fact that 接从句作宾语。 He was responsible for the fact that his dog had bitten his neighbor. He refused to help me despite the fact that I asked him several times. (4)复合关系代词 what 引导描述事物的名词性从句中，what = the thing that，常可译为・・・的（东西 / 地方 / 状态等）。 He felt a glow of pride in what she had accomplished. A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago. (5)在 in that，except that，but that 后接从句，不应看成介词后跟 that 从句，应把它们看成一个复合连词，在其后接从句。 表语从句 1. 定义 在句子中位于系动词之后充当表语的从句称为表语从句，由连接词 that，whether，as，as if；关系代词 who，whose，what，which；关系副词 when，where，how，why 等引导。对主语进行解释说明的从句。一般结构是：“主语+系动词+表语从句”。表语从句必须用陈述语序。 2.常见的系动词有： 状态系动词：be 动词; 感官系动词：look/ feel/ smell/ taste/ sound等； 变化系动词：get/ become/ turn/ grow/ fall/ grow等 持续系动词：remain/ stay/ keep（仍然） 表象系动词：seem/appear（似乎，好像） 终止系动词：prove/ turn out(结果是，证明是) 3.引导词分类 从属连词：that/whether/as if（that 不可省略；if 不能引导表语从句）。 连接代词：what/who/which/whatever（作从句主语、宾语等）。 连接副词：when/where/why/how（作从句状语）。 特殊连词：because（表原因，仅用于表语从句）。 3. 关键用法 (1) 语序：陈述语序（例：The question is how we can improve our English.）。 (2) that引导表语从句时,仅起连接作用 。 ①无意义　②不充当成分 ③不可省略 (3) whether引导表语从句时，起连接作用， ①有“是否”之意　②不充当成分 注意： if 不能引导表语从句 (4) 连接副词where, when, why, how等除在句中起连接作用，在从句中还充当地点、时间、原因、方式状语，本身具有词义 (5) 表语从句的特殊句式： the reason why ...is that...。。。的原因是。。（定从；表从） That is because ... 那是因为。。。（表从，表原因或理由） That is why ... 那就是。。的原因（表从，表结果） 解｜题｜技｜巧 1.判类型：分析从句在句中作主语、宾语还是表语（看位置：句首→主语从句；动词 / 介词后→宾语从句；系动词后→表语从句）。 2.看成分：从句缺主语 / 宾语 / 表语→用连接代词（what/who/whose 等）；缺状语→用连接副词（when/where/why 等）；不缺成分→用从属连词（that/whether/if）。 3.定引导词：根据语境意义选择（如 “是否” 用 whether/if；“…… 的事物” 用 what）。 4.查规则：核实语序（陈述语序）、时态呼应、引导词特殊用法（如介词后不用 if）。 【即时检测】 一、单句语法填空 1. It is no use ________ (argue) with someone who is obstinate and refuses to listen. 2. What surprised the whole class most ________ (be) his outstanding performance in the national English competition. 3. The question we are discussing now is ________ we can overcome the difficulty within a week. 4. I consider ________ essential that we should preview the new lesson before class. 5. ________ the team will win the championship depends on their joint efforts and tactical arrangements. 二、翻译句子 1. 我们是否应该参加这个国际交流项目取决于个人兴趣和语言能力。（主语从句） 2. 老师提醒我们，良好的学习习惯对提升成绩起着关键作用。（宾语从句） 3. 他能在短时间内适应新环境的原因是他善于沟通且心态开放。（表语从句） 三、语篇语法填空 Experts have long discussed ________ (whether/if) online learning can replace traditional classroom teaching. ________ is undeniable is that online learning offers more flexibility. For example, students can review courses anytime and anywhere, which shows ________ it meets the needs of different learners. Many educators find ________ valuable that online resources enrich the teaching content. The key to making online learning effective is ________ both teachers and students take active attitudes towards it. 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、语法填空 1.On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in _____________ is now northwestern of Wyoming. 2.When God closes a door, he opens a window, and this girl believes __________ she encounters all the way is an impressive gift. 3. Catching sight of the sunrise and sunset, Kua Fu suddenly hit upon an idea ____________ he wanted to race against the sun to see who ran faster! 4.The best times were ___________ they had sleepovers(借宿, 在别人家过夜) and could sit up late talking about anything and everything and everywhere. 5. An explosive mixture of gun-powder and chemical compounds(化合物) is ___________ makes fireworks flash in pretty colours and fun shapes. 6. Breathwork is thought to influence the vagus nerve(迷走神经), which stretches from the brain to the gut and make up the majority of ___________ is known as the parasympathetic nervous system. 7.It is believed ___________ students do at college seems to matter much more than __________ they go. 8.You can put it ____________ it was arranged before. 9.___________ beauty comes from within is widely accepted in today’s society. Therefore, we should attach great importance to inner beauty. 10.40 grams of meat per day is ____________ people should consume in order to stay fit. 11.He never finishes anything, which is ______________ he’s considered more of a talker than a doer. 12.To be honest, I am not the person deserving the honor; it should be given to ___________ we think has made the greatest contribution. 二、选择题 1. ______ in the sun for too long is bad for your skin.（ ） A. Sit B. Sitting C. To sit D. Sat 2. He is interested in ______ stamps.（ ） A. collect B. collecting C. to collect D. collected 3. The news is ______. We are all ______ at it.（ ） A. surprising; surprising B. surprised; surprised C. surprising; surprised D. surprised; surprising 4. I don’t know ______ he will come or not.（ ） A. if B. whether C. that D. what 5. ______ hard, you will make progress.（ ） A. Work B. Working C. To work D. Worked 6. He suggested ______ to the cinema this evening.（ ） A. go B. going C. to go D. gone 7. ______ the project, they had a party.（ ） A. Completing B. Complete C. To complete D. Having completed 8. The reason why he was late is ______ he missed the bus.（ ） A. that B. because C. why D. what 9. It’s worthwhile ______ the film again.（ ） A. watch B. watching C. to watch D. watched 10. She devotes all her time to ______ her students.（ ） A. teach B. teaching C. to teach D. taught 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、根据语境，用适当的连接词完成下列名词性从句 1. As John Lennon once said, life is _________________________________(发生在你身上的事情) while you are busy making other plans. 2. ________________________________(苏珊向我表明) she wished to make a new life for herself. 3. ______________________________________(毫无疑问) more sleep is a good thing, but just how does more sleep result in better thinking during the day? 4. What puzzles Lily’s friends is ________________________________(为什么她总是有那么多疯狂的想法). 5. A modern city has been set up in ________________________________(十年前荒废的地方) 6. Generally speaking, he is a good student ________________________________(除了不时的有点粗心大意外). 7. _____________________________(无关紧要) he comes for the meeting or not. 8. It is often the case _____________________________(一切皆有可能) for those who hang on to hope. 9. The infrastructure of a country is ___________________________________(使得一切能正常运行的东西), including things like transport, water supply, electricity and schools. 10. The reason why he failed time and again is__________________________________(因为他不够努力) 二、根据题后所给的要求改写句子 11. His parents love him so much that anything he likes will be given to him immediately. (将画线部分改成主语从句) His parents love him so much that _____________________________________ will be given to him immediately. 12. Why not read our guide to apply to a university abroad? The relevant information is available in our guide. (用表语从句改写) Why not read our guide to apply to a university abroad? This is _____________________________________. 13. Any book he bought here would be paid in cash. (将画线部分改成主语从句) ________________________________________ would be paid in cash. 14. He is absent from school. His father is badly ill in hospital. (将两句合并为含有同位语从句的主从句) The reason why he is absent from school _______________________________________________________. 15. When you go by train, you’d better take an express that only stops at big stations. Please see to it. (将两句合并为含有宾语从句的主从句) When you go by train, please ___________________________________ that only stops at big stations. 16. He is not coming for the meeting. I’ve just got word. (将两句合并为含有同位语从句的主从句) I’ve just got word _______________________________________________________________________. 17. Online courses provide a wonderful model. We call the model high-tech learning, which helps students have access to web-based resources. (用宾语从句改写) Online courses provide a wonderful model of _________________________________, which helps students have access to web-based resources. 18. The manager has decided to promote those persons. He thinks they are energetic and clever in the positions of the leadership of the company. (用宾语从句改写) The manager has decided to promote ____________ he thinks _________________________ of the leadership of the company. 19. Many netizens are impressed with a teacher’s excuse for quitting her job. She owes the world a visit. (将两句合并为含有同位语从句的主从句) Many netizens are impressed with a teacher’s excuse for quitting her job_______________________________. 20. The old worker, for whom life was hard in the past, still works hard in his late seventies. It is known to us all. (将两句合并为含有主语从句的主从句) ____________________________________ the old worker, for whom life was hard in the past, still works hard in his late seventies. 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1. ______ the team can overcome the challenges and achieve the goal remains uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. What 2. We still can’t figure out ______ he changed his mind suddenly without any reason. A. that B. what C. why D. who 3. The biggest challenge we are facing now is ______ we can balance academic pressure and extracurricular activities. A. that B. if C. whether D. how 4. It’s universally acknowledged ______ perseverance and hard work are the keys to success. A. that B. which C. what D. when 5. The interviewer asked the candidate ______ he had any work experience related to the position. A. that B. what C. whether D. where 6. ______ impressed the judges most was her fluent English and confident performance. A. What B. That C. Which D. Who 7. Many experts consider ______ essential that students develop critical thinking skills in senior high school. A. this B. that C. it D. what 8. The reason why he was awarded the scholarship is ______ he has made outstanding achievements in both study and social practice. A. because B. that C. what D. whether 9. Do you have any idea ______ the ancient cultural relics were preserved so well for thousands of years? A. when B. that C. what D. how 10. ______ we learn from the failure is more valuable than the success itself. A. That B. What C. Which D. How 二、语法填空（10题） 11. No one can predict ______ technological changes will influence our daily life in the next decade. 【答案】how 12. ______ is crucial for teenagers to cultivate a sense of responsibility towards family and society. 13. She hasn’t determined ______ to pursue further study abroad or start working after graduation. 14. The professor explained ______ we should attach great importance to logical thinking in academic research. 15. I wonder ______ the environmental protection policy will be effectively implemented in rural areas. 16. ______ he has devoted himself to scientific research for over 30 years inspires young people a lot. 17. Could you inform me ______ I can obtain the detailed information about the international exchange program? 18. It’s still a mystery ______ the ancient civilization disappeared suddenly without leaving enough clues. 19. The manager thinks ______ significant that the company should invest more in technological innovation. 20. The debate focuses on ______ online education can completely replace traditional classroom teaching. 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 一、选择题 1．（2023·天津·高考真题）People who value their privacy are concerned about _________Google might do with the information it is gathering. A．that B．what C．why D．how 2．（2023·天津·高考真题）Recently, scientists have started a debate on _______the computers will “think” like human in half a century. A．where B．whether C．whose D．which 3．（2022·天津·高考真题）Mental health involves________ you process things such as stress and anxiety. A．how B．what C．why D．which 4．（2021·天津·高考真题）It seemed that I had become ________ my parents had wanted me to be. A．when B．where C．what D．whether 5．（2021·天津·高考真题）What puzzles Lily’s friends is ________ she always has so many crazy ideas. A．whether B．why C．what D．when 6．（2020·天津·高考真题）The student completed this experiment to make come true ______ Professor Joseph had said. A．that B．what C．when D．where 7．（2020·天津·高考真题）My grandmother helped me believe that I could accomplish ____________ I put my mind to. A．whenever B．whatever C．wherever D．whichever 二、语法填空 1. It is still unknown ______ the global demand for electricity will more than double by 2050.（2025年全国I卷改编） 2. The author wondered ______ his ninth-grade students knew their fictional characters so well.（2025年全国I卷改编） 3. ______ makes the street redesign around motor cars problematic is that children can’t move safely.（2025年全国I卷改编） 4. Scientists are trying to figure out ______ harmful microplastics are to human health.（2025年全国I卷改编） 5. The question ______ boiling tap water can effectively remove microplastics has been answered by the new research.（2025年全国I卷改编） 6. We haven’t decided ______ column to add to the English newspaper—“Fun at my school” or “Guess who I am”.（2025年全国I卷改编） 7. ______ the cafe serves up besides drinks is genuine smiles from the worker Catherine Murphy.（2025年全国I卷改编） 8. The couple realized ______ they could share their unused items with others instead of throwing them away.（2025年全国I卷改编） 9. It is a mystery ______ the energy flow following each Go move inspires artists to create various artworks.（2025年全国I卷改编） 10. The brother didn’t say ______ he was unhappy with his sibling’s way of treating his dog Toby.（2025年全国I卷改编） 11. ______ students need most in the hospital school is the chance to keep up with their peers.（2025年全国II卷改编） 12. Kathy Ho doesn’t like people to have a fixed idea of ______ a teacher should do in the hospital.（2025年全国II卷改编） 13. It is uncertain ______ Sonja Detrinidad’s houseplant business would be so successful when she started it.（2025年全国II卷改编） 14. Dr. Melinda Knuth found ______ plants can decrease people’s cortisol level and improve their mood.（2025年全国II卷改编） 15. The question ______ tending to plants requires patience and learning has been proved by Detrinidad.（2025年全国II卷改编） 16. ______ restaurant in New York City renamed itself “wastE D” is to raise awareness of food waste.（2025年全国II卷改编） 17. We don’t know ______ ingredients like kale ribs and fish collars can be turned into delicious dishes.（2025年全国II卷改编） 18. ______ family volunteers together can bring them closer is a common sense.（2025年全国II卷改编） 19. The students asked their teacher ______ they could get extra credits by joining the school program.（2025年全国II卷改编） 20. ______ will be responsible for organizing the field trip hasn’t been decided yet.（2025年全国II卷改编） 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 名词性从句（主语、宾语、表语从句） （期末复习讲义） 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2025 全国一卷 表语从句 【考向透视】 1.核心聚焦：期末考查以 “引导词精准选择”、“语序规则应用”“形式主 / 宾语用法”为核心，侧重期中后重点 —— 表语从句与主语从句的混合辨析、介词后宾语从句的特殊用法，以及语篇中 “时态呼应 + 语境逻辑” 的综合判断。 2.题型分布：语法填空（单句 / 语篇）、单项选择占，写作（观点表达、原因阐释），阅读长难句理解。其中语篇语法填空侧重从句在真实语境中的综合运用，写作要求用从句表达观点或理由。 3.易错点高频区：①that（无成分无意义）与 what（充当成份有意义）混淆；②whether（主语 / 表语 / 介词后）与 if（仅宾语从句）误用；③宾语从句中 that 省略不当（多从句时第二个 that 不可省）；④主语从句主谓一致错误（单个从句作主语谓语用单数）；⑤表语从句 “The reason why...is that...” 句式中用 because 替代 that；⑥从句语序倒装（如误写为 When will he come is unknown）。 【复习目标】 1.熟练掌握主语、宾语、表语从句的核心结构、引导词分类及适用场景，能快速判断从句类型。 2.精准区分易混引导词（that/what/whether/if 等）的用法边界，规避语序、时态、引导词省略等典型错误。 3.能在语法填空、单选、写作中灵活运用，应对 “复杂句式 + 语境逻辑” 的综合性题目（如语篇中嵌套多类从句）。 4.掌握 “判类型→看成分→定引导词→查规则” 的通用解题步骤，提升解题效率与准确率。 北京卷 表语从句 2024 全国甲卷 宾语从句 浙江 1 月卷 表语从句 2023 全国甲卷 主语从句： 浙江 3 月卷 宾语从句 新高考 II 卷 表语从句 2022 北京卷 宾语从句；表语从句 新课标 II 卷 宾语从句 名词性从句 在句中起名词作用的各种从句，称为名词性从句。 分类： 主从：主句谓语前 宾从：及物动词、形容词或介词之后 表从：系动词后 同位语从句：抽象名词后 主语从句 1. 定义：在句子中充当主语的从句称为主语从句,位于句首主语的位置。当主语从句位于句首时,引导从句的连接词一律不能省略,其谓语动词通常用单数。 2.引导词分类 引导词类型 代表词 用法要点 从属连词 that/whether that 无词义、不充当成分，不可省略；whether 表 “是否”，不省略 连接代词 what/who/which/whoever/whatever 在从句中作主语、宾语或定语，有明确词义 连接副词 when/where/why/how 在从句中作状语，表时间、地点、原因等 3. 关键用法 (1) 语序：必须用陈述语序（例：When he will come is unknown. 而非 When will he come...）。 (2) 形式主语：It 作形式主语的句型 1) It+ be + 形容词+ that从句 2) It+ be +名词+ that从句 3) It+ be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句 (said, believed, reported, known, proved, …) 4) It + 不及物动词+ that从句(seem,appear, happen…) (3) 主谓一致：单个主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数；两个及以上从句并列作主语时，谓语用复数（例：When they will start and where they will go are still unknown.）。 宾语从句 1. 定义：充当及物动词、介词或形容词后的宾语的从句。 2. 引导词分类 (1)从属连词：that（可省略，多动词后）、whether/if（表 “是否”，介词后只能用 whether）。 (2)连接代词：what/who/whom/whose/which（作从句主语、宾语等）。 (3)连接副词：when/where/why/how（作从句状语）。 3. 关键用法 (1)语序：陈述语序（例：She asked where the meeting would be held.）。 (2)that 的省略：单个宾语从句中可省，多个并列从句中仅第一个可省（例：He said (that) he would come and that he would bring a gift.）。 (3)形式宾语：“主语 + find/think/consider/make + it + 宾补 + that 从句”（例：I find it useful that we learn body language.）。 (4)特殊搭配：介词（insist on/devote to）或固定短语（have difficulty in）后接从句时，需先接介词再引导从句（例：They insisted on holding the party outdoors.）。 4.注意点 (1)在动词 agree，argue，assure，hold，indicate，maintain，inform，object，suggest 等后接宾语从句时，that 通常不省略。例如： The scientist held that the drug was dangerous. They maintain that rules about dress are a limitation of personal freedom. He objected that it was impossible. (2)连接两个并列的宾语从句时，连接第二个宾语从句的 that 不可省略。例如： He said he couldn't tell you right away and that you wouldn't understand. I know you aren't a doctor and that you want your son to become a doctor. (3)介词后不接 that 引导的从句，但可接 the fact that 接从句作宾语。 He was responsible for the fact that his dog had bitten his neighbor. He refused to help me despite the fact that I asked him several times. (4)复合关系代词 what 引导描述事物的名词性从句中，what = the thing that，常可译为・・・的（东西 / 地方 / 状态等）。 He felt a glow of pride in what she had accomplished. A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago. (5)在 in that，except that，but that 后接从句，不应看成介词后跟 that 从句，应把它们看成一个复合连词，在其后接从句。 表语从句 1. 定义 在句子中位于系动词之后充当表语的从句称为表语从句，由连接词 that，whether，as，as if；关系代词 who，whose，what，which；关系副词 when，where，how，why 等引导。对主语进行解释说明的从句。一般结构是：“主语+系动词+表语从句”。表语从句必须用陈述语序。 2.常见的系动词有： 状态系动词：be 动词; 感官系动词：look/ feel/ smell/ taste/ sound等； 变化系动词：get/ become/ turn/ grow/ fall/ grow等 持续系动词：remain/ stay/ keep（仍然） 表象系动词：seem/appear（似乎，好像） 终止系动词：prove/ turn out(结果是，证明是) 3.引导词分类 从属连词：that/whether/as if（that 不可省略；if 不能引导表语从句）。 连接代词：what/who/which/whatever（作从句主语、宾语等）。 连接副词：when/where/why/how（作从句状语）。 特殊连词：because（表原因，仅用于表语从句）。 3. 关键用法 (1) 语序：陈述语序（例：The question is how we can improve our English.）。 (2) that引导表语从句时,仅起连接作用 。 ①无意义　②不充当成分 ③不可省略 (3) whether引导表语从句时，起连接作用， ①有“是否”之意　②不充当成分 注意： if 不能引导表语从句 (4) 连接副词where, when, why, how等除在句中起连接作用，在从句中还充当地点、时间、原因、方式状语，本身具有词义 (5) 表语从句的特殊句式： the reason why ...is that...。。。的原因是。。（定从；表从） That is because ... 那是因为。。。（表从，表原因或理由） That is why ... 那就是。。的原因（表从，表结果） 解｜题｜技｜巧 1.判类型：分析从句在句中作主语、宾语还是表语（看位置：句首→主语从句；动词 / 介词后→宾语从句；系动词后→表语从句）。 2.看成分：从句缺主语 / 宾语 / 表语→用连接代词（what/who/whose 等）；缺状语→用连接副词（when/where/why 等）；不缺成分→用从属连词（that/whether/if）。 3.定引导词：根据语境意义选择（如 “是否” 用 whether/if；“…… 的事物” 用 what）。 4.查规则：核实语序（陈述语序）、时态呼应、引导词特殊用法（如介词后不用 if）。 【即时检测】 一、单句语法填空 1. It is no use ________ (argue) with someone who is obstinate and refuses to listen. 【答案】arguing 【解析】考查固定句型。It is no use doing sth. 为高频固定结构，表“做某事无用”，动名词作真正主语，argue 的动名词形式为 arguing。 2. What surprised the whole class most ________ (be) his outstanding performance in the national English competition. 【答案】is 【解析】考查主谓一致。单个主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数；结合语境“全班最惊讶的是他的表现”，用一般现在时 is 表客观事实。 3. The question we are discussing now is ________ we can overcome the difficulty within a week. 【答案】how 【解析】考查表语从句引导词。从句缺“方式”含义，how 表“如何”，符合“讨论如何一周内克服困难”的语境；what 需在从句中作主语/宾语，此处逻辑不完整，故不选。 4. I consider ________ essential that we should preview the new lesson before class. 【答案】it 【解析】考查形式宾语。consider 后接“it + 形容词 + that 从句”结构，it 作形式宾语，真正宾语是后面的 that 从句，避免句子结构失衡。 5. ________ the team will win the championship depends on their joint efforts and tactical arrangements. 【答案】Whether 【解析】考查主语从句引导词。表“是否”时，主语从句中只能用 whether，不能用 if；句首首字母大写，故填 Whether。 二、翻译句子 1. 我们是否应该参加这个国际交流项目取决于个人兴趣和语言能力。（主语从句） 【译文】Whether we should participate in this international exchange program depends on our personal interests and language abilities. 【解析】主语从句用 Whether 引导（表“是否”，主语从句中不用 if）；“参加国际交流项目”译为 participate in this international exchange program，“语言能力”用复数 language abilities 表泛指，符合高二词汇要求。 2. 老师提醒我们，良好的学习习惯对提升成绩起着关键作用。（宾语从句） 【译文】Teachers remind us that good learning habits play a key role in improving our academic performance. 【解析】宾语从句用 that 引导（句意完整，that 无实际含义）；“提醒”译为 remind，“良好的学习习惯”译为 good learning habits，“起关键作用”用固定短语 play a key role in，后接动名词 improving。 3. 他能在短时间内适应新环境的原因是他善于沟通且心态开放。（表语从句） 【译文】The reason why he can adapt to the new environment in a short time is that he is good at communicating and has an open mind. 【解析】表语从句用 that 引导（The reason is that... 为固定结构）；“适应新环境”译为 adapt to the new environment，“善于沟通”译为 be good at communicating，“心态开放”译为 have an open mind，从句结构完整、逻辑通顺。 三、语篇语法填空 Experts have long discussed ________ (whether/if) online learning can replace traditional classroom teaching. ________ is undeniable is that online learning offers more flexibility. For example, students can review courses anytime and anywhere, which shows ________ it meets the needs of different learners. Many educators find ________ valuable that online resources enrich the teaching content. The key to making online learning effective is ________ both teachers and students take active attitudes towards it. 1. 【答案】whether 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。介词 discuss 后表“是否”，只能用 whether，不能用 if，故填 whether。 2. 【答案】What 【解析】考查主语从句连接词。从句中缺少主语，what 充当主语，表“不可否认的事”，构成 What is undeniable is that... 固定句式，是高考高频表达。 3. 【答案】that 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。show 后接宾语从句，从句句意完整、不缺成分，用 that 引导，无实际含义。 4. 【答案】it 【解析】考查形式宾语。find 后接“it + 形容词 + that 从句”结构，it 作形式宾语，真正宾语是后面的 that 从句，避免句子头重脚轻。 5. 【答案】that 【解析】考查表语从句引导词。The key to... is that... 为固定结构，从句句意完整、不缺成分，用 that 引导，无实际含义。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、语法填空 1.On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in _____________ is now northwestern of Wyoming. 2.When God closes a door, he opens a window, and this girl believes __________ she encounters all the way is an impressive gift. 3.Catching sight of the sunrise and sunset, Kua Fu suddenly hit upon an idea ____________ he wanted to race against the sun to see who ran faster! 4.The best times were ___________ they had sleepovers(借宿, 在别人家过夜) and could sit up late talking about anything and everything and everywhere. 5.An explosive mixture of gun-powder and chemical compounds(化合物) is ___________ makes fireworks flash in pretty colours and fun shapes. 6.Breathwork is thought to influence the vagus nerve(迷走神经), which stretches from the brain to the gut and make up the majority of ___________ is known as the parasympathetic nervous system. 7.It is believed ___________ students do at college seems to matter much more than __________ they go. 8.You can put it ____________ it was arranged before. 9.___________ beauty comes from within is widely accepted in today’s society. Therefore, we should attach great importance to inner beauty. 10.40 grams of meat per day is ____________ people should consume in order to stay fit. 11.He never finishes anything, which is ______________ he’s considered more of a talker than a doer. 12.To be honest, I am not the person deserving the honor; it should be given to ___________ we think has made the greatest contribution. 1. 【答案】what 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。介词 in 后接宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代“现在怀俄明州西北部的地方”，用 what 充当主语，表“……的事物/地方”。 2. 【答案】what 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。believes 后接宾语从句，从句中 encounters 缺少宾语，指代“她一路上遇到的所有事物”，用 what 充当宾语。 3. 【答案】that 【解析】考查同位语从句引导词。idea 后接同位语从句，解释说明 idea 的具体内容（“想要和太阳赛跑”），从句句意完整、不缺成分，用 that 引导（同位语从句中 that 不可省略）。 4. 【答案】when 【解析】考查表语从句引导词。were 后接表语从句，从句中缺少时间状语，指代“他们借宿的时光”，用 when 表“……的时候”，贴合“熬夜聊天”的语境。 5. 【答案】what 【解析】考查表语从句引导词。is 后接表语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代“让烟花呈现漂亮颜色和形状的物质”，用 what 充当主语。 6. 【答案】what 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。介词 of 后接宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代“被称为副交感神经系统的部分”，用 what 充当主语，构成“what is known as...”固定表达（表“被称为……的事物”）。 7. 【答案】what; where 【解析】第一空考查主语从句引导词：It is believed 后接主语从句，从句中 do 缺少宾语，用 what 指代“学生在大学做的事情”；第二空考查宾语从句引导词：than 后接宾语从句，从句中 go 缺少地点状语，用 where 指代“他们去的大学”。 8. 【答案】where 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。put it 后接宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，指代“它之前被安排的位置”，用 where 表“……的地方”。 9. 【答案】That 【解析】考查主语从句引导词。从句“beauty comes from within”句意完整、不缺成分，作句子主语，用 That 引导（主语从句位于句首时，That 不可省略，首字母大写）。 10. 【答案】what 【解析】考查表语从句引导词。is 后接表语从句，从句中 consume 缺少宾语，指代“人们为了保持健康应该摄入的量”，用 what 充当宾语。 11. 【答案】why 【解析】考查表语从句引导词。is 后接表语从句，从句解释前文“他从不完成任何事”的结果（“为什么被认为是说得多做得少”），用 why 表“……的原因”。 12. 【答案】who 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。to 后接宾语从句，从句中 has made 缺少主语；we think 是插入语，指代“我们认为做出最大贡献的人”，用 who 充当主语（指人且作主语，不用 whom）。 二、选择题 1. ______ in the sun for too long is bad for your skin.（ ） A. Sit B. Sitting C. To sit D. Sat 答案：B（解析：-ing形式可作主语表抽象动作，符合句子结构要求。A是动词原形，不能直接作主语；C是不定式，虽可作主语但更侧重具体某次动作，此处无特指；D是过去式，无法作主语，故排除A、C、D） 2. He is interested in ______ stamps.（ ） A. collect B. collecting C. to collect D. collected 答案：B（解析：固定搭配be interested in中，in是介词，后接-ing形式作宾语。A是动词原形，C是不定式，D是过去式/过去分词，均不满足介词后接动名词的要求，故排除A、C、D） 3. The news is ______. We are all ______ at it.（ ） A. surprising; surprising B. surprised; surprised C. surprising; surprised D. surprised; surprising 答案：C（解析：现在分词surprising用于描述事物的性质，意为“令人惊讶的”；过去分词surprised用于描述人的感受，意为“感到惊讶的”。A中第二个surprising误用于人；B中第一个surprising误用于事；D中两者逻辑颠倒，故排除A、B、D） 4. I don’t know ______ he will come or not.（ ） A. if B. whether C. that D. what 答案：B（解析：与or not连用时，只能用whether引导宾语从句。A项if不能与or not直接连用；C项that引导宾语从句时无“是否”含义；D项what在从句中需作成分，而此处从句不缺主宾表，故排除A、C、D） 5. ______ hard, you will make progress.（ ） A. Work B. Working C. To work D. Worked 答案：B（解析：-ing形式作条件状语时，逻辑主语与主句主语you一致，表“如果努力”。A是动词原形，单独使用构成祈使句，需用连词连接主句；C是不定式，表目的时语义不符；D是过去分词，逻辑主语与主句主语不一致，故排除A、C、D） 6. He suggested ______ to the cinema this evening.（ ） A. go B. going C. to go D. gone 答案：B（解析：固定搭配suggest后接-ing形式作宾语，意为“建议做某事”。A是动词原形，C是不定式，D是过去分词，均不符合suggest的用法要求，故排除A、C、D） 7. ______ the project, they had a party.（ ） A. Completing B. Complete C. To complete D. Having completed 答案：D（解析：-ing形式的完成式Having completed表动作先于主句动作发生，符合“完成项目后举办派对”的逻辑。A是现在分词，表动作与主句同时发生；B是动词原形，不能作状语；C是不定式，表目的时语义不符，故排除A、B、C） 8. The reason why he was late is ______ he missed the bus.（ ） A. that B. because C. why D. what 答案：A（解析：固定句式The reason why...is that...中，that引导表语从句，说明原因内容。B项because不能与reason连用（语义重复）；C项why引导表语从句时表“原因”，与句式要求不符；D项what在从句中需作成分，此处从句不缺主宾表，故排除B、C、D） 9. It’s worthwhile ______ the film again.（ ） A. watch B. watching C. to watch D. watched 答案：B（解析：固定句型It’s worthwhile doing sth. 表示“做某事是值得的”。A是动词原形，C是不定式（虽偶尔可用但非最佳选项），D是过去式，均不满足句型要求，故排除A、C、D） 10. She devotes all her time to ______ her students.（ ） A. teach B. teaching C. to teach D. taught 答案：B（解析：固定搭配devote...to...中，to是介词，后接-ing形式作宾语。A是动词原形，C是不定式，D是过去式/过去分词，均不符合介词后接动名词的规则，故排除A、C、D） 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、根据语境，用适当的连接词完成下列名词性从句 1. As John Lennon once said, life is _________________________________(发生在你身上的事情) while you are busy making other plans. 【答案】what happens to you 【解析】what引导表语从句，在从句中作主语，表“……的事情”。“happen to”是高二上册必修核心短语，从句为简单陈述句，符合基础语法考点，排除用that（无指代意义）、which（需有选择范围）的情况。 2. ________________________________(苏珊向我表明) she wished to make a new life for herself. 【答案】What Susan has shown me is that 【解析】What引导主语从句（在从句中作shown的宾语），that引导表语从句（仅起连接作用，无实际含义）。句型结构贴合高二复合句入门难度，“show”为基础词汇，避免复杂从句嵌套。 3. ______________________________________(毫无疑问) more sleep is a good thing, but just how does more sleep result in better thinking during the day? 【答案】There is no doubt that 【解析】固定句型“There is no doubt that...”是高二上册重点句型，that引导同位语从句解释doubt的内容。词汇简单易掌握，无需替换，排除用if（不能引导同位语从句）、whether（此处无“是否”含义）的情况。 4. What puzzles Lily’s friends is ________________________________(为什么她总是有那么多疯狂的想法). 【答案】why she always has so many funny ideas 【解析】why引导表语从句，在从句中作原因状语。将“crazy”改为高二基础词“funny”，降低词汇难度，从句用陈述语序（核心考点），排除用how（表方式，语义不符）的情况。 5. A modern city has been set up in ________________________________(十年前荒废的地方) 【答案】where there was a waste land ten years ago 【解析】where引导宾语从句，在从句中作地点状语。“waste land”为基础表达，替代较难的“wasteland”，从句时态与时间状语“ten years ago”一致，排除用which（需作定语修饰名词）的情况。 6. Generally speaking, he is a good student ________________________________(除了不时的有点粗心大意外). 【答案】except that he is a bit careless from time to time 【解析】except后接that引导的宾语从句，that不可省略。“careless”“from time to time”均为必修核心词汇和短语，符合水平要求，排除用what（需在从句中作成分）的情况。 7. _____________________________(无关紧要) he comes for the meeting or not. 【答案】It doesn’t matter whether 【解析】It作形式主语，whether引导真正的主语从句，且与or not连用（高二重点考点）。“It doesn’t matter”为常用句型，无需调整，排除用if（不能与or not直接连用）的情况。 8. It is often the case _____________________________(一切皆有可能) for those who hang on to hope. 【答案】that anything is possible 【解析】that引导同位语从句，解释说明case的具体内容。“possible”为基础词，从句结构简单，排除用what（需在从句中作成分）的情况，符合高二学生对同位语从句的掌握程度。 9. The infrastructure of a country is ___________________________________(使得一切能正常运行的东西), including things like transport, water supply, electricity and schools. 【答案】what makes everything work normally 【解析】what引导表语从句，在从句中作主语。将“irrigation”改为基础词“water supply”，“work normally”为简单表达，从句无复杂结构，排除用that（无指代意义）的情况。 10. The reason why he failed time and again is__________________________________(因为他不够努力) 【答案】that he doesn’t work hard enough 【解析】固定句型“The reason why...is that...”，that引导表语从句（不用because，避免语义重复）。“work hard enough”为基础表达，贴合学生认知，排除用because（语法结构错误）的情况。 二、根据题后所给的要求改写句子 11. His parents love him so much that anything he likes will be given to him immediately. (将画线部分改成主语从句) His parents love him so much that _____________________________________ will be given to him immediately. 【答案】what he likes 【解析】用what引导主语从句替代原“anything he likes”（定语从句结构），what在从句中作宾语，是高二上册“定语从句转名词性从句”基础考点，排除用that（无指代意义）的情况。 12. Why not read our guide to apply to a university abroad? The relevant information is available in our guide. (用表语从句改写) Why not read our guide to apply to a university abroad? This is _____________________________________. 【答案】where the relevant information is available 【解析】where引导表语从句，在从句中作地点状语，对应原句“in our guide”。“relevant information”为高二基础词汇短语，从句用陈述语序，排除用that（无地点含义）的情况。 13. Any book he bought here would be paid in cash. (将画线部分改成主语从句) ________________________________________ would be paid in cash. 【答案】Whatever book he bought here 【解析】用whatever引导主语从句，相当于“any book that...”，whatever在从句中修饰book，符合名词性从句与定语从句转换考点，词汇难度适中，排除用what（不能修饰名词）的情况。 14. He is absent from school. His father is badly ill in hospital. (将两句合并为含有同位语从句的主从句) The reason why he is absent from school _______________________________________________________. 【答案】is that his father is badly ill in hospital 【解析】遵循“The reason why...is that...”句型，that引导同位语从句解释reason的内容。从句为简单陈述句，符合高二学生复合句合并能力，排除用because（语法结构错误）的情况。 15. When you go by train, you’d better take an express that only stops at big stations. Please see to it. (将两句合并为含有宾语从句的主从句) When you go by train, please ___________________________________ that only stops at big stations. 【答案】see to it that you take an express 【解析】固定结构“see to it that...”，that引导宾语从句（不可省略）。“see to it”为高二上册重点短语（意为“确保”），合并后逻辑连贯，排除用what（需在从句中作成分）的情况。 16. He is not coming for the meeting. I’ve just got word. (将两句合并为含有同位语从句的主从句) I’ve just got word _______________________________________________________________________. 【答案】that he is not coming for the meeting 【解析】word后接that引导的同位语从句，解释消息的具体内容，that不可省略。从句用陈述语序（核心考点），词汇简单，符合高二学生对同位语从句的运用要求，排除用whether（无“是否”含义）的情况。 17. Online courses provide a wonderful model. We call the model high-tech learning, which helps students have access to web-based resources. (用宾语从句改写) Online courses provide a wonderful model of _________________________________, which helps students have access to web-based resources. 【答案】what we call high-tech learning 【解析】将“Massive open online courses”简化为基础表达“Online courses”，what引导宾语从句作介词of的宾语，相当于“the model that we call...”，结构简洁，排除用that（需作定语从句引导词）的情况。 18. The manager has decided to promote those persons. He thinks they are energetic and clever in the positions of the leadership of the company. (用宾语从句改写) The manager has decided to promote ____________ he thinks _________________________ of the leadership of the company. 【答案】those who; are energetic and clever in the positions 【解析】who引导定语从句修饰those，后半部分为省略that的宾语从句（作thinks的宾语）。词汇均为高二基础词，符合“定语从句+宾语从句”复合结构考点，排除用what（不能修饰those）的情况。 19. Many netizens are impressed with a teacher’s excuse for quitting her job. She owes the world a visit. (将两句合并为含有同位语从句的主从句) Many netizens are impressed with a teacher’s excuse for quitting her job_______________________________. 【答案】that she wants to travel around the world 【解析】将“owes the world a visit”改为高二基础表达“wants to travel around the world”，that引导同位语从句说明excuse的内容，that不可省略，排除用why（表原因，语义不符）的情况。 20. The old worker, for whom life was hard in the past, still works hard in his late seventies. It is known to us all. (将两句合并为含有主语从句的主从句) ____________________________________ the old worker, for whom life was hard in the past, still works hard in his late seventies. 【答案】It is known to us all that 【解析】It作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句（从句含非限制性定语从句，难度符合高二上册进阶要求）。“It is known to us all that...”为常用句型，学生易掌握，排除用what（需在从句中作成分）的情况。 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1. ______ the team can overcome the challenges and achieve the goal remains uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. What 【答案】B 【解析】考查主语从句引导词。句子主语为从句，表“团队是否能克服挑战并达成目标”，主语从句中表“是否”只能用whether，if不能引导主语从句，that无此语义，what需充当从句成分，故填B。 2. We still can’t figure out ______ he changed his mind suddenly without any reason. A. that B. what C. why D. who 【答案】C 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。figure out后接宾语从句，从句主谓结构完整（he changed his mind），缺少表“原因”的状语，结合语义“为什么突然无故改变主意”，用why引导，故填C。 3. The biggest challenge we are facing now is ______ we can balance academic pressure and extracurricular activities. A. that B. if C. whether D. how 【答案】D 【解析】考查表语从句引导词。系动词is后接表语从句，结合语义“如何平衡学业压力和课外活动”，从句中缺少表“方式”的状语，that无此语义，if不能引导表语从句，whether表“是否”不符合语境，故填D。 4. It’s universally acknowledged ______ perseverance and hard work are the keys to success. A. that B. which C. what D. when 【答案】A 【解析】考查形式主语相关的主语从句引导词。此处为“it is + 形容词 + that从句”结构，it作形式主语，真正主语是that引导的从句，从句成分完整、语义明确，故填A。 5. The interviewer asked the candidate ______ he had any work experience related to the position. A. that B. what C. whether D. where 【答案】C 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。asked后接宾语从句，结合语义“是否有与该职位相关的工作经验”，表“是否”用whether，故填C。 6. ______ impressed the judges most was her fluent English and confident performance. A. What B. That C. Which D. Who 【答案】A 【解析】考查主语从句引导词。句子主语为从句，从句中缺少主语，指代“让评委印象最深刻的事物”，that不充当成分，which表“哪一个”有范围限定，who指代人，均不符合语境，故填A。 7. Many experts consider ______ essential that students develop critical thinking skills in senior high school. A. this B. that C. it D. what 【答案】C 【解析】考查形式宾语。consider后接复合宾语，真正宾语是that引导的从句，需用it作形式宾语，构成“consider it + 形容词 + that从句”结构，this、that、what均不能作形式宾语，故填C。 8. The reason why he was awarded the scholarship is ______ he has made outstanding achievements in both study and social practice. A. because B. that C. what D. whether 【答案】B 【解析】考查表语从句引导词。此处为“The reason why...is that...”固定句型，that引导表语从句解释原因，because不能与reason搭配引导表语从句，故填B。 9. Do you have any idea ______ the ancient cultural relics were preserved so well for thousands of years? A. when B. that C. what D. how 【答案】D 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。have any idea后接宾语从句，从句中缺少表“方式”的状语，询问“古代文物如何保存数千年”，that不充当成分，what需作主语或宾语，when表“时间”不符合语境，故填D。 10. ______ we learn from the failure is more valuable than the success itself. A. That B. What C. Which D. How 【答案】B 【解析】考查主语从句引导词。句子主语为从句，从句中learn缺少宾语，指代“从失败中吸取的教训”，that不充当成分，which表“哪一个”，how表“方式”，均不符合语境，故填B。 二、语法填空（10题） 11. No one can predict ______ technological changes will influence our daily life in the next decade. 【答案】how 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。predict后接宾语从句，从句中主谓宾结构完整（technological changes will influence our daily life），缺少表“方式”的状语，结合语义“技术变革将如何影响日常生活”，用how引导，故填how。 12. ______ is crucial for teenagers to cultivate a sense of responsibility towards family and society. 【答案】It 【解析】考查形式主语。此处为“it is + 形容词 + for sb to do sth”结构，it作形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式短语，首字母大写，故填It。 13. She hasn’t determined ______ to pursue further study abroad or start working after graduation. 【答案】whether 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。determined后接宾语从句，结合“or”表“是否”，与“or”连用表“是否”只能用whether，故填whether。 14. The professor explained ______ we should attach great importance to logical thinking in academic research. 【答案】that 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。explained后接宾语从句，从句“we should attach great importance to logical thinking”成分完整、语义明确，that无词义仅起连接作用，故填that。 15. I wonder ______ the environmental protection policy will be effectively implemented in rural areas. 【答案】whether/if 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。wonder后接宾语从句，表“环保政策是否会在农村有效实施”，宾语从句中表“是否”可用whether或if，故填whether/if。 16. ______ he has devoted himself to scientific research for over 30 years inspires young people a lot. 【答案】That 【解析】考查主语从句引导词。句子主语为从句，从句“he has devoted himself to scientific research for over 30 years”成分完整，that无词义仅起连接作用，引导主语从句，首字母大写，故填That。 17. Could you inform me ______ I can obtain the detailed information about the international exchange program? 【答案】where/how 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。inform后接宾语从句，从句中主谓宾结构完整，缺少表“地点”或“方式”的状语，询问“在哪里/如何获取交换项目详情”，用where或how引导均可，故填where/how。 18. It’s still a mystery ______ the ancient civilization disappeared suddenly without leaving enough clues. 【答案】why 【解析】考查主语从句引导词。此处为“it is + 名词 + why从句”结构，it作形式主语，结合语义“古代文明为何突然消失且未留足够线索”，用why引导主语从句，故填why。 19. The manager thinks ______ significant that the company should invest more in technological innovation. 【答案】it 【解析】考查形式宾语。thinks后接复合宾语，真正宾语是that引导的从句，用it作形式宾语，构成“think it + 形容词 + that从句”结构，故填it。 20. The debate focuses on ______ online education can completely replace traditional classroom teaching. 【答案】whether 【解析】考查表语从句引导词。系动词on后接表语从句，结合语义“在线教育是否能完全取代传统课堂教学”，表语从句中表“是否”用whether，故填whether。 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 一、选择题 1．（2023·天津·高考真题）People who value their privacy are concerned about _________Google might do with the information it is gathering. A．that B．what C．why D．how 【答案】B 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：重视隐私的人担心谷歌可能会对其收集的信息做些什么。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句。宾语从句中缺少宾语，表示“谷歌可能做的事情”，所以用连接代词what引导宾语从句。故选B。 2．（2023·天津·高考真题）Recently, scientists have started a debate on _______the computers will “think” like human in half a century. A．where B．whether C．whose D．which 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：最近，科学家们开始就计算机是否会在半个世纪后像人类一样“思考”展开辩论。A. where哪里；B. whether是否；C. whose谁的；D. which哪一个。根据句意可知，此处是表示“是否”，用连接代词whether引导宾语从句。故选 B。 3．（2022·天津·高考真题）Mental health involves________ you process things such as stress and anxiety. A．how B．what C．why D．which 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：心理健康包括如何处理诸如压力和焦虑之类的事物。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的宾语从句作谓语动词involves的宾语，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，但句意不完整，根据句意可知，表示“如何，怎样”的连词how符合句意。故选A项。 4．（2021·天津·高考真题）It seemed that I had become ________ my parents had wanted me to be. A．when B．where C．what D．whether 【答案】C 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：似乎我已经成为了我父母希望我成为的人。动词become后面是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，且从句中的be缺少表语，所填词应该起双重作用。故选C。 5．（2021·天津·高考真题）What puzzles Lily’s friends is ________ she always has so many crazy ideas. A．whether B．why C．what D．when 【答案】B 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：令Lily的朋友们感到困扰的是她为什么总是有这么多疯狂的想法。A. whether是否；B. why为什么；C. what什么，所……的事儿；D. when什么……的时间。该空需要一个表语从句的连接词，结合句意，应该是朋友们不明白Lily 为什么有这么多疯狂的想法。表示“为什么”用why。故选B项。 6．（2020·天津·高考真题）The student completed this experiment to make come true ______ Professor Joseph had said. A．that B．what C．when D．where 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意:为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。_________ Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句，该从句中，空处在从句中作said的宾语，表示”……所说的话”，因此应用what引导该从句。故选B。 7．（2020·天津·高考真题）My grandmother helped me believe that I could accomplish ____________ I put my mind to. A．whenever B．whatever C．wherever D．whichever 【答案】B 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我的祖母让我相信，我可以完成任何我专心去做的事情。A. whenever无论何时；B. whatever 无论什么；C. wherever无论何地；D. whichever无论哪一个。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句连接词，从句缺少宾语，应用连接代词，表示“无论什么”应用whatever。故选B项。 二、语法填空 1. It is still unknown ______ the global demand for electricity will more than double by 2050.（2025年全国I卷改编） 【答案】whether 【解析】从句作主语，表“是否”，且置于句首，只能用whether引导主语从句，故填whether。 【翻译】到2050年，全球电力需求是否会翻倍以上，目前仍不得而知。 2. The author wondered ______ his ninth-grade students knew their fictional characters so well.（2025年全国I卷改编） 【答案】why 【解析】从句作wondered的宾语，表“为什么”，缺少原因状语，用why引导宾语从句，故填why。 【翻译】作者疑惑，他九年级的学生们为什么对他们塑造的虚构人物如此了解。 3. ______ makes the street redesign around motor cars problematic is that children can’t move safely.（2025年全国I卷改编） 【答案】What 【解析】从句作主语，表“……的事情”，缺少主语，用what引导主语从句，故填What。 【翻译】以汽车需求为核心的街道重新设计存在问题的关键在于，孩子们无法安全出行。 4. Scientists are trying to figure out ______ harmful microplastics are to human health.（2025年全国I卷改编） 【答案】how 【解析】从句作figure out的宾语，表“多么”，修饰形容词harmful，用how引导宾语从句，故填how。 【翻译】科学家们正在试图弄清楚微塑料对人类健康的危害有多大。 5. The question ______ boiling tap water can effectively remove microplastics has been answered by the new research.（2025年全国I卷改编） 【答案】whether 【解析】从句作question的同位语，表“是否”，解释question的具体内容，用whether引导同位语从句，故填whether。 【翻译】煮沸自来水是否能有效去除微塑料这个问题，新研究已经给出了答案。 6. We haven’t decided ______ column to add to the English newspaper—“Fun at my school” or “Guess who I am”.（2025年全国I卷改编） 【答案】which 【解析】从句作decided的宾语，表“哪一个”，有明确选择范围（两个栏目），用which引导宾语从句，故填which。 【翻译】我们还没决定给英文报增设哪个栏目——“校园趣事”还是“猜猜我是谁”。 7. ______ the cafe serves up besides drinks is genuine smiles from the worker Catherine Murphy.（2025年全国I卷改编） 【答案】What 【解析】从句作主语，表“除了……之外还有什么”，缺少宾语，用what引导主语从句，故填What。 【翻译】这家咖啡馆除了提供饮品外，还能让人感受到工作人员凯瑟琳·墨菲真挚的微笑。 8. The couple realized ______ they could share their unused items with others instead of throwing them away.（2025年全国I卷改编） 【答案】that 【解析】从句作realized的宾语，句意完整且不缺成分，用that引导宾语从句（that可省略，此处按题目要求填that），故填that。 【翻译】这对夫妇意识到，他们可以把不用的物品分享给别人，而不是扔掉。 9. It is a mystery ______ the energy flow following each Go move inspires artists to create various artworks.（2025年全国I卷改编） 【答案】how 【解析】从句作主语，表“如何”，缺少方式状语，用how引导主语从句，故填how。 【翻译】围棋每一步落子后产生的能量流动如何启发艺术家创作各类作品，这是一个谜。 10. The brother didn’t say ______ he was unhappy with his sibling’s way of treating his dog Toby.（2025年全国I卷改编） 【答案】why 【解析】从句作say的宾语，表“为什么”，缺少原因状语，用why引导宾语从句，故填why。 【翻译】这位哥哥没有说，他为什么对弟弟对待他的狗托比的方式感到不满。 11. ______ students need most in the hospital school is the chance to keep up with their peers.（2025年全国II卷改编） 【答案】What 【解析】从句作主语，表“……的东西”，缺少宾语，用what引导主语从句，故填What。 【翻译】医院学校的学生最需要的是跟上同龄人步伐的机会。 12. Kathy Ho doesn’t like people to have a fixed idea of ______ a teacher should do in the hospital.（2025年全国II卷改编） 【答案】what 【解析】从句作of的宾语，表“……的事情”，缺少宾语，用what引导宾语从句，故填what。 【翻译】凯西·何不喜欢人们对医院里的老师应该做什么有固定的看法。 13. It is uncertain ______ Sonja Detrinidad’s houseplant business would be so successful when she started it.（2025年全国II卷改编） 【答案】if/whether 【解析】从句作主语，表“是否”，置于句首可用whether，此处也可用if，故填if/whether。 【翻译】索尼娅·德特里尼达刚开始做室内植物生意时，没人能确定它会如此成功。 14. Dr. Melinda Knuth found ______ plants can decrease people’s cortisol level and improve their mood.（2025年全国II卷改编） 【答案】that 【解析】从句作found的宾语，句意完整且不缺成分，用that引导宾语从句，故填that。 【翻译】梅琳达·克努斯博士发现，植物能降低人们的皮质醇水平，改善情绪。 15. The question ______ tending to plants requires patience and learning has been proved by Detrinidad.（2025年全国II卷改编） 【答案】that 【解析】从句作question的同位语，句意完整且不缺成分，用that引导同位语从句，故填that。 【翻译】养护植物需要耐心和学习，这个观点已经被德特里尼达证实。 16. ______ restaurant in New York City renamed itself “wastED” is to raise awareness of food waste.（2025年全国II卷改编） 【答案】Why 【解析】从句作主语，表“……的原因”，缺少原因状语，用why引导主语从句，故填Why。 【翻译】纽约市有一家餐厅更名为“wastED”，其目的是提高人们对食物浪费的关注。 17. We don’t know ______ ingredients like kale ribs and fish collars can be turned into delicious dishes.（2025年全国II卷改编） 【答案】how 【解析】从句作know的宾语，表“如何”，缺少方式状语，用how引导宾语从句，故填how。 【翻译】我们不知道羽衣甘蓝茎和鱼颈肉这类食材如何能变成美味的菜肴。 18. ______ family volunteers together can bring them closer is a common sense.（2025年全国II卷改编） 【答案】That 【解析】从句作主语，句意完整且不缺成分，用that引导主语从句（置于句首不可省略），故填That。 【翻译】全家一起做志愿者能让彼此关系更亲密，这是一个常识。 19. The students asked their teacher ______ they could get extra credits by joining the school program.（2025年全国II卷改编） 【答案】if/whether 【解析】从句作asked的宾语，表“是否”，用if或whether引导宾语从句，故填if/whether。 【翻译】学生们问老师，参加学校的项目是否能获得额外学分。 20. ______ will be responsible for organizing the field trip hasn’t been decided yet.（2025年全国II卷改编） 【答案】Whoever 【解析】从句作主语，表“无论谁”，强调“任何人”，用whoever引导主语从句，故填Whoever。 【翻译】谁将负责组织这次实地考察还没有决定。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $