专题01 定语从句（期末复习讲义）高二英语上学期人教版

专题01 定语从句（期末复习讲义） 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2025 新高考I卷 关系代词which 【考向透视】 分析近年高考真题可知，高考对定语从句的考查系统而深入，贯穿于试卷的多个关键板块，侧重考查其在具体语境中的理解、分析与运用能力。在听力对话或独白中，定语从句常作为信息承载的关键结构出现。在阅读理解中，定语从句是构成英语长难句的核心手段之一，直接影响文章理解的深度和速度。考查重点在于分析句子主干，剥离定语从句，厘清修饰关系。语法填空题是对定语从句知识最直接、最高频的考查阵地。写作中，熟练、恰当地运用定语从句是提升作文档次、展现语言驾驭能力的标志。 【复习目标】 1.准确识别先行词，熟练运用关系词及“介词+关系代词”结构。 2.清晰区分限定性与非限定性定语从句的形式与功能。 3..能分析理解语篇中含嵌套、多重修饰等复杂结构的定语从句。 4.在写作中准确、多样地运用定语从句，增强句子逻辑与表达力。 浙江1月卷 关系代词which 北京卷 关系代词which 新高考II卷 关系副词where 2024 新高考I卷 关系代词which/that 全国甲卷 关系代词which 浙江1月卷 关系代词which/that 新课标II卷 关系代词who 2023 全国乙卷 关系代词which/that； 关系代词whose 全国甲卷 关系代词as 天津3月卷 关系副词where 全国甲卷 关系副词where 知识点01 定语从句的定义 定语从句是在复合句中充当定语部分的句子，用来修饰主句中的名词或代词（即先行词）；引导定语从句的词称为关系词，关系词起连接主句与从句、指代先行词、在从句中充当成分的作用。 例1：The book that you lent me is very interesting. 你借给我的那本书很有趣。 （“that you lent me” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 “the book”，关系词 “that” 指代 “the book” 并在从句中作宾语） :例2：The books on the desk, which I borrowed from the library, are very useful. 我从图书馆借来的桌上的书非常有用。 （先行词是 “the books”，关系词 “which” 指代 “the books”，同时在从句中作 “borrowed” 的宾语） :例3：The boy who is wearing a red T-shirt is my cousin. 穿着红色T恤衫的男孩是我的表弟。 （先行词是 “the boy”，关系词 “who” 指代 “the boy”，并在从句中作主语） 知识点02 定语从句的语序 定语从句遵循陈述句语序，即 “主语 + 谓语” 的结构。 :例1：Do you know the girl who is talking with our teacher? 你知道正在和我们老师谈话的那个女孩吗？ （从句 “who is talking with our teacher” 为 “主语 who + 谓语 is talking...” 的陈述句语序） 例2：Can you tell me the name of the restaurant where you had dinner last night? 你能告诉我你昨晚在哪里吃的晚饭的餐厅名字吗？ （从句 “where you had dinner last night” 采用 “主语 you + 谓语 had” 的陈述句语序） 例3：Do you know the reason why he refused to attend the meeting? 你知道他拒绝参加会议的原因吗？ （从句 “why he refused to attend the meeting” 为 “主语 he + 谓语 refused” 的陈述句语序） 知识点03 定语从句的特点 定语从句的核心特点是 “主句结构完整，定语从句需修饰主句的名词或代词”。 例 1：I like the movie which we watched last night. 我喜欢我们昨晚看的那部电影。 （主句 “I like the movie” 结构完整，定语从句 “which we watched last night” 修饰先行词 “the movie”） 例 2：We visited the museum that houses many ancient artifacts. 我们参观了收藏了许多古代文物的博物馆。 （主句 “We visited the museum” 结构完整，定语从句 “that houses many ancient artifacts” 修饰先行词 “the museum”） 例 3：She bought a dress which suits her very well. 她买了一条非常合身的连衣裙。 （主句 “She bought a dress” 结构完整，定语从句 “which suits her very well” 修饰先行词 “a dress”） 知识点04 定语从句的关系词 1.定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词包括that/which/who/whom/whose/as，在从句中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分；关系副词包括 when/where/why，在从句中作状语。 关系词 指代对象 从句中成分 关系代词 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人、物 定语 which 物、整个主句 主语、宾语 that 人、物 主语、宾语 as 人、物、整个主句 主语、宾语 关系副词 when 时间 状语 where 地点 why 原因 例1：As we all know, English is an international language. 正如我们所知，英语是一种国际语言。 （关系代词 “as” 指代整个主句内容，在从句中作 “know” 的宾语，“as” 引导非限制性定语从句时表 “正如”。） 例 2：The teacher whose class we took last term has gone abroad. 我们上学期上的课的老师已经出国了。 （关系代词 “whose” 指代先行词 “the teacher”，在从句中作 “class” 的定语。） 例 3：I’ll never forget the place where we had our first date. 我永远不会忘记我们第一次约会的地方。 （先行词是 “the place”，关系副词 “where” 在从句中作地点状语，说明 “约会” 的地点。） 2.“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句：介词选择需与从句谓语动词搭配、与先行词搭配或结合句意，常用结构为 “介词 + which/whom”。 例 1：The house in which he lives is very big. 他居住的房子非常大。 （“in” 与先行词 “house” 搭配，“in which” 作从句地点状语） 例 2：The man to whom you talked just now is our new manager. 你刚才和他谈话的那个人是我们新来的经理。 （介词 “to” 与从句谓语动词 “talked” 搭配（talk to sb.），“whom” 指代先行词 “the man”，在从句中作 “to” 的宾语。） 例 3：The room in which we held the meeting is on the third floor. 我们开会的房间在三楼。 （介词 “in” 与先行词 “the room” 搭配（in the room），“in which” 在从句中作地点状语。） 知识点05 定语从句的分类 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句： 1.限制性定语从句 （1）作用：限定先行词范围，不可省略，去掉后主句意思不完整或改变； （2）标点：与主句无逗号分隔； （3）关系词：指物( that/which/whose)、指人(that/who/whom/whose)、when/where/why. 例 1：The man who is standing there is my father. 站在那里的人是我的父亲。 （去掉从句后 “The man is my father” 表意模糊，从句起限定作用） 例 2：Students who finish the task ahead of time can leave early. 提前完成任务的学生可以提前离开。 （去掉从句 “who finish the task ahead of time” 后，“Students can leave early” 表意不明确，从句限定了 “提前完成任务的学生”）。 例 3：The car that I bought last month broke down yesterday. 我上个月买的那辆车昨天抛锚了。 （去掉从句 “that I bought last month” 后，“The car broke down yesterday” 无法明确是哪辆车，从句起限定先行词范围的作用。） （4） 引导词的省略 引导词是 who/whom/which/that且在从句中充当及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语（介词未提前时），引导词常常省略。 例1：The book (that/which) I bought yesterday is interesting. 我昨天买的那本书很有趣。 例2：The boy (who/whom) we met at the party is Lucy’s brother. 我们在派对上遇到的那个男孩是露西的哥哥。 例3：The teacher (that/whom) you talked to just now is our math teacher. 你刚才和他/她谈话的老师就是我们的数学老师。 2. 非限制性定语从句 （1）作用：补充说明先行词，去掉后主句意思仍完整； （2）标点：与主句用逗号分隔； （3）关系词：不可用 that、why; 可用 which/who/whom/whose/when/where，as/which 可指代整个主句（as 可放句首，表 “正如”）； 例 1：My brother, who is a doctor, works in Beijing. 我的哥哥是一名医生，在北京工作。 （去掉从句后 “My brother works in Beijing” 意思完整，从句起补充说明作用） 例 2：Our school, which was founded in 1950, has a long history. 我们学校成立于1950年，有着悠久的历史。 （从句 “which was founded in 1950” 与主句用逗号分隔，去掉后 “Our school has a long history” 意思完整，从句仅补充说明学校的创办时间。） 例 3：Li Ming, who is my best friend, won the first prize in the competition. 我的好朋友李明在比赛中获得了一等奖。 （去掉从句 “who is my best friend” 后，“Li Ming won the first prize in the competition” 意思完整，从句起补充说明李明身份的作用。） 知识点 06 定语从句的解题方法 定语从句的解题步骤分为 “划分主从句→确定先行词→分析从句成分”：若从句缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语，需选用关系代词；若从句缺少状语，需选用关系副词。 例 1：Please pass me the pen ______ is on the desk. 划分主从句：主句 “Please pass me the pen”，从句 “______ is on the desk”； 确定先行词：“the pen”； 分析从句成分：从句缺少主语，故选用关系代词 “that/which”。 例 2：The little girl ______ is singing in the classroom is my sister. 划分主从句：主句 “The little girl is my sister”，从句 “______ is singing in the classroom”； 确定先行词：“the little girl”； 分析从句成分：从句缺少主语，故选用关系代词 “who/that”。 例 3：This is the village ______ I grew up. 划分主从句：主句 “This is the village”，从句 “I grew up ______”； 确定先行词：“the village”； 分析从句成分：从句缺少地点状语，故选用关系副词 “where”。 【即时检测】 1．Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, __________ can reduce oral bacteria. ch。译为“因此，她成功地用天然甜味剂制作出了一种糖果，这种糖果能够减少口腔细菌。” 2．We went to a park ________ people are asked to try garbage sorting.的先行词为“a park”,在定语从句中作状3．The big oak tree, ________ branches provide cool shade, is where we have lunch on hot afternoons. 4．The device through ______ we can control our home appliances remotely is quiet convenient. 5．He didn't win the race, __________ disappointed his coach. 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 1、 单项选择 1.（2023·北京海淀期中） The book, ______ I bought yesterday, is a bestseller. A. who B. which C. whom D. when 2.（24-25高二上·天津和平期末） The company exports fifty percent of the energy ______ it generates at this factory. A．what B．that C．where D．how 3.（2022·浙江月考） Mr. Smith, ______ son is my classmate, is a famous doctor. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 4.（2023·天津一中期末） We visited the Eiffel Tower, ______ we took many photos. A. which B. where C. that D. whenl Tower”，在定语从句中作地点状语，用where。 5.（2022·江苏南京月考）The meeting will be held next Monday, ______ I will be away on business. A. which B. when C. where D. that，在定语从句中作时间状语，用when。 6.（2023·上海徐汇期中）My brother, ______ lives in London, is coming to visit us. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose中作主语，用who。 7.（2022·湖北武汉月考） The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. iteather turned out to be very good”这件事，且在定语从句中作主语。 8.（2023·河北石家庄期末） I passed him a glass of water, ______ he drank immediately. A. which B. that C. whom D. when，在从句中作“drank”的宾语，用which。 9.（2022·四川成都期中） He failed the exam, ______ made his parents very disappointed. A. that B. which C. what D. when failed the exam”这件事从句中，且在定语从句中作主语。 10.（23-24高二上·天津滨海期末） —Tom, you have won the competition again! —The most important advice ______I’d like to give is to go all out. A．where B．what C．how D．that赴。 先行词为“advice”,在定语从句中作“give”的宾 二、语法填空 1．（24-25高二上·北京西城·期末） I lift weights because it’s the form of exercise ______ requires the least movement from me.指物，在定语从句中 2．（23-24高二上·内蒙古赤峰·期末） He speaks highly of China Orbit as a unique science fiction novel ________ vividly shows a child’s real-life experience in a military camp of a specific era. 3．（22-23高二下·北京西城·期末） Given the fast pace of the job market now, 21st century employees are faced with challenges _______ their parents never experienced. 4.（2023·北京海淀·期中） My eldest sister, __________ is a lawyer, always gives me good advice. 5.（2022·上海浦东新区·月考） We will put off the picnic until next week, __________ the weather may be better. 6.（2023·浙江杭州·期末） The smartphone, __________ I bought last month, was stolen yesterday. 7.（2022·广东广州·期中） The famous writer, __________ latest novel sold millions of copies, will give a talk at our school. 8.（2023·湖南长沙·月考） They moved to a new house, __________ has a big garden. 9.（2022·江苏南京·期末） The manager invited me to dinner, __________ was very kind of him. 10.（2023·湖北武汉·期中） The old couple have two sons, both of __________ are studying abroad. 在国外留学。先行词为“two 提升题（测试时间：10分钟） 1、 单项选择题 1.（2023·全国甲卷·改编） The company, ______ head office is located in Shanghai, has branches all over the world. A. which B. whose C. that D. whome company”，在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系，故用关系代2.（2022·新高考I卷·改编） The artist, ______ works are popular around the world, will visit our city next week. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 3.（2023·江苏启东中学·调研） He is a man of great experience, ______ whom we can learn a lot. A. from B. for C. to D. with案】A固定搭配，意为“向某人学习”，故用from whom。 4.（2022·福建厦门一中·质检） She said she had finished her work, ______ I doubt very much. A. who B. which C. that D. whom主句“she had finished her work”这件事，并在从句中作doubt的宾语。 5.（2023·山东潍坊一模） As ______ recorded in history, the event changed the course of the war. A. it B. that C. is D. which语从句，指代后面整个主句，并在从句中作主语，谓语动词用三单，故用 2、 语法填空题 1.（2023·全国乙卷·改编） She has overcome many difficulties, __________ shows that she is a strong person. 面整个主句“Se 2.（2022·新高考I卷·改编） The project will be completed next year, by __________ time the new factory will be fully operational. 3.（2023·江苏苏锡常镇·一模） The scientist, __________ whom we have great respect, has made another important discovery. 4.（2022·广东六校·联考） He wasn't satisfied with the result, __________ can be seen from his expression. 5.（2023·湖北八市·联考） There are 50 students in our class, 30 of __________ are from the city. 6. （23-24高二下·全国期末） Unlike Military-style Travel, Citywalk is about wandering around a city on foot and finding unusual things __________ even a local might not have noticed before.at/which。 7.（22-23高二下·全国期末） Last year, I tried sharing a car with my colleagues ________ live near me but it still took so long. 8. （22-23高二·全国课后作业） Have you ever asked him the reason _____ may explain his absence? 9.（22-23高二上·全国课后作业） She will never forget the days ________she spent in Beijing.从句中 “spent”的宾语，用that/which。 10.（24-25高二上·北京朝阳期末） The building, ________ the important conference is being held, is in the center of the city.”，在定语从句 三、完成句子 1. Last week I passed the examination, ________________________. 上周我通过了考试，那是很重要的考试。 2. Tom sold his house, ____________________________________. 汤姆卖掉了他的房子，这 （件事）使他的父亲很生气。 3. The professor has two sons, _________________ are studying in the same university. 教授有两个儿子，他们都在同一所大学读书。 4. ___________________, he studies very hard. 正如我们所知，他学习非常刻苦。 5. We will put off the outing until next week,___________________________. 我们要把远足延期到下周，那时我们就不会这么忙了。 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 一、语法填空 1. (2025全国II卷) Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, _______bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn’t exist. 2.（2025全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 3.（2025浙江1月卷）Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, __ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 4.（2025北京卷）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists _ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, __ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 5.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route __ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 6.（2024年新课标II卷）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ________is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.畔斯特拉特福增添了国际特色。先行词为“Tang Xianzu”,指人，在定语从句中作主语，用who。 7.（2024浙江1月卷）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way______will make them the most money. 8.（2024全国甲卷）Yellowstone was the largest United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.语从句，故填which。 9.（2023全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, ________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.，在定10.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 11.（2023北京卷）Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, _________ thousands were attending a water conference. 12. （2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _______lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. 13. （2021新课标II卷）I decided that if I learned of a company __________ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back. 拓展题（测试时间：10分钟） 一、汉译英 1.我们到达车站的时候，火车已经开走了，这让我们很失望。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛，它吸引了成千上万的观众。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.他可能生病了，这是他缺席会议的唯一可能原因。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.你认识站在主席台旁边、手里拿着奖杯的那个女孩吗？ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.我们到达了山上的一个地方，从那里可以看到整个城市。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 这就是我长大的小镇，这里的一切都让我感到亲切。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 这是我读过的最有趣的小说，它已经被翻译成十几种语言。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This is the most interesting novel (that) I have ever read, which has been translated into more than ten languages. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 定语从句（期末复习讲义） 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2025 新高考I卷 关系代词which 【考向透视】 分析近年高考真题可知，高考对定语从句的考查系统而深入，贯穿于试卷的多个关键板块，侧重考查其在具体语境中的理解、分析与运用能力。在听力对话或独白中，定语从句常作为信息承载的关键结构出现。在阅读理解中，定语从句是构成英语长难句的核心手段之一，直接影响文章理解的深度和速度。考查重点在于分析句子主干，剥离定语从句，厘清修饰关系。语法填空题是对定语从句知识最直接、最高频的考查阵地。写作中，熟练、恰当地运用定语从句是提升作文档次、展现语言驾驭能力的标志。 【复习目标】 1.准确识别先行词，熟练运用关系词及“介词+关系代词”结构。 2.清晰区分限定性与非限定性定语从句的形式与功能。 3..能分析理解语篇中含嵌套、多重修饰等复杂结构的定语从句。 4.在写作中准确、多样地运用定语从句，增强句子逻辑与表达力。 浙江1月卷 关系代词which 北京卷 关系代词which 新高考II卷 关系副词where 2024 新高考I卷 关系代词which/that 全国甲卷 关系代词which 浙江1月卷 关系代词which/that 新课标II卷 关系代词who 2023 全国乙卷 关系代词which/that； 关系代词whose 全国甲卷 关系代词as 天津3月卷 关系副词where 全国甲卷 关系副词where 知识点01 定语从句的定义 定语从句是在复合句中充当定语部分的句子，用来修饰主句中的名词或代词（即先行词）；引导定语从句的词称为关系词，关系词起连接主句与从句、指代先行词、在从句中充当成分的作用。 例1：The book that you lent me is very interesting. 你借给我的那本书很有趣。 （“that you lent me” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 “the book”，关系词 “that” 指代 “the book” 并在从句中作宾语） :例2：The books on the desk, which I borrowed from the library, are very useful. 我从图书馆借来的桌上的书非常有用。 （先行词是 “the books”，关系词 “which” 指代 “the books”，同时在从句中作 “borrowed” 的宾语） :例3：The boy who is wearing a red T-shirt is my cousin. 穿着红色T恤衫的男孩是我的表弟。 （先行词是 “the boy”，关系词 “who” 指代 “the boy”，并在从句中作主语） 知识点02 定语从句的语序 定语从句遵循陈述句语序，即 “主语 + 谓语” 的结构。 :例1：Do you know the girl who is talking with our teacher? 你知道正在和我们老师谈话的那个女孩吗？ （从句 “who is talking with our teacher” 为 “主语 who + 谓语 is talking...” 的陈述句语序） 例2：Can you tell me the name of the restaurant where you had dinner last night? 你能告诉我你昨晚在哪里吃的晚饭的餐厅名字吗？ （从句 “where you had dinner last night” 采用 “主语 you + 谓语 had” 的陈述句语序） 例3：Do you know the reason why he refused to attend the meeting? 你知道他拒绝参加会议的原因吗？ （从句 “why he refused to attend the meeting” 为 “主语 he + 谓语 refused” 的陈述句语序） 知识点03 定语从句的特点 定语从句的核心特点是 “主句结构完整，定语从句需修饰主句的名词或代词”。 例 1：I like the movie which we watched last night. 我喜欢我们昨晚看的那部电影。 （主句 “I like the movie” 结构完整，定语从句 “which we watched last night” 修饰先行词 “the movie”） 例 2：We visited the museum that houses many ancient artifacts. 我们参观了收藏了许多古代文物的博物馆。 （主句 “We visited the museum” 结构完整，定语从句 “that houses many ancient artifacts” 修饰先行词 “the museum”） 例 3：She bought a dress which suits her very well. 她买了一条非常合身的连衣裙。 （主句 “She bought a dress” 结构完整，定语从句 “which suits her very well” 修饰先行词 “a dress”） 知识点04 定语从句的关系词 1.定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词包括that/which/who/whom/whose/as，在从句中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分；关系副词包括 when/where/why，在从句中作状语。 关系词 指代对象 从句中成分 关系代词 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人、物 定语 which 物、整个主句 主语、宾语 that 人、物 主语、宾语 as 人、物、整个主句 主语、宾语 关系副词 when 时间 状语 where 地点 why 原因 例1：As we all know, English is an international language. 正如我们所知，英语是一种国际语言。 （关系代词 “as” 指代整个主句内容，在从句中作 “know” 的宾语，“as” 引导非限制性定语从句时表 “正如”。） 例 2：The teacher whose class we took last term has gone abroad. 我们上学期上的课的老师已经出国了。 （关系代词 “whose” 指代先行词 “the teacher”，在从句中作 “class” 的定语。） 例 3：I’ll never forget the place where we had our first date. 我永远不会忘记我们第一次约会的地方。 （先行词是 “the place”，关系副词 “where” 在从句中作地点状语，说明 “约会” 的地点。） 2.“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句：介词选择需与从句谓语动词搭配、与先行词搭配或结合句意，常用结构为 “介词 + which/whom”。 例 1：The house in which he lives is very big. 他居住的房子非常大。 （“in” 与先行词 “house” 搭配，“in which” 作从句地点状语） 例 2：The man to whom you talked just now is our new manager. 你刚才和他谈话的那个人是我们新来的经理。 （介词 “to” 与从句谓语动词 “talked” 搭配（talk to sb.），“whom” 指代先行词 “the man”，在从句中作 “to” 的宾语。） 例 3：The room in which we held the meeting is on the third floor. 我们开会的房间在三楼。 （介词 “in” 与先行词 “the room” 搭配（in the room），“in which” 在从句中作地点状语。） 知识点05 定语从句的分类 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句： 1.限制性定语从句 （1）作用：限定先行词范围，不可省略，去掉后主句意思不完整或改变； （2）标点：与主句无逗号分隔； （3）关系词：指物( that/which/whose)、指人(that/who/whom/whose)、when/where/why. 例 1：The man who is standing there is my father. 站在那里的人是我的父亲。 （去掉从句后 “The man is my father” 表意模糊，从句起限定作用） 例 2：Students who finish the task ahead of time can leave early. 提前完成任务的学生可以提前离开。 （去掉从句 “who finish the task ahead of time” 后，“Students can leave early” 表意不明确，从句限定了 “提前完成任务的学生”）。 例 3：The car that I bought last month broke down yesterday. 我上个月买的那辆车昨天抛锚了。 （去掉从句 “that I bought last month” 后，“The car broke down yesterday” 无法明确是哪辆车，从句起限定先行词范围的作用。） （4） 引导词的省略 引导词是 who/whom/which/that且在从句中充当及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语（介词未提前时），引导词常常省略。 例1：The book (that/which) I bought yesterday is interesting. 我昨天买的那本书很有趣。 例2：The boy (who/whom) we met at the party is Lucy’s brother. 我们在派对上遇到的那个男孩是露西的哥哥。 例3：The teacher (that/whom) you talked to just now is our math teacher. 你刚才和他/她谈话的老师就是我们的数学老师。 2. 非限制性定语从句 （1）作用：补充说明先行词，去掉后主句意思仍完整； （2）标点：与主句用逗号分隔； （3）关系词：不可用 that、why; 可用 which/who/whom/whose/when/where，as/which 可指代整个主句（as 可放句首，表 “正如”）； 例 1：My brother, who is a doctor, works in Beijing. 我的哥哥是一名医生，在北京工作。 （去掉从句后 “My brother works in Beijing” 意思完整，从句起补充说明作用） 例 2：Our school, which was founded in 1950, has a long history. 我们学校成立于1950年，有着悠久的历史。 （从句 “which was founded in 1950” 与主句用逗号分隔，去掉后 “Our school has a long history” 意思完整，从句仅补充说明学校的创办时间。） 例 3：Li Ming, who is my best friend, won the first prize in the competition. 我的好朋友李明在比赛中获得了一等奖。 （去掉从句 “who is my best friend” 后，“Li Ming won the first prize in the competition” 意思完整，从句起补充说明李明身份的作用。） 知识点 06 定语从句的解题方法 定语从句的解题步骤分为 “划分主从句→确定先行词→分析从句成分”：若从句缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语，需选用关系代词；若从句缺少状语，需选用关系副词。 例 1：Please pass me the pen ______ is on the desk. 划分主从句：主句 “Please pass me the pen”，从句 “______ is on the desk”； 确定先行词：“the pen”； 分析从句成分：从句缺少主语，故选用关系代词 “that/which”。 例 2：The little girl ______ is singing in the classroom is my sister. 划分主从句：主句 “The little girl is my sister”，从句 “______ is singing in the classroom”； 确定先行词：“the little girl”； 分析从句成分：从句缺少主语，故选用关系代词 “who/that”。 例 3：This is the village ______ I grew up. 划分主从句：主句 “This is the village”，从句 “I grew up ______”； 确定先行词：“the village”； 分析从句成分：从句缺少地点状语，故选用关系副词 “where”。 【即时检测】 1．Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, __________ can reduce oral bacteria. 【答案】which 【解析】考察非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句的先行词为“natural sweeteners(甜味剂)”,在定语从句中作主语，用which。译为“因此，她成功地用天然甜味剂制作出了一种糖果，这种糖果能够减少口腔细菌。” 2．We went to a park ________ people are asked to try garbage sorting. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们去了一个人们被要求尝试垃圾分类的公园。根据句子成分分析可知，定语从句的先行词为“a park”,在定语从句中作状语，用where。 3．The big oak tree, ________ branches provide cool shade, is where we have lunch on hot afternoons. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：那棵大橡树，枝繁叶茂为人们提供清凉的树荫，是我们炎热午后吃午餐的地方。分析句子结构可知，“The big oak tree”是先行词，在定语从句中作定语，用whose。 4．The device through ______ we can control our home appliances remotely is quiet convenient. 【答案】which 【解析】考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。句意：我们可以远程控制家用电器的设备非常方便。先行词为“device”,指物，作介词的宾语，用which。 5．He didn't win the race, __________ disappointed his coach. 【答案】which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：他没有赢得比赛，这使他的教练很失望。which指代前面整个主句“He didn't win the race”这件事，在从句中作主语，用which。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 1、 单项选择 1.（2023·北京海淀期中） The book, ______ I bought yesterday, is a bestseller. A. who B. which C. whom D. when 【答案】B 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意： 我昨天买的那本书是一本畅销书。先行词为“the book”，指物，在定语从句中作主语，用which。 2.（24-25高二上·天津和平期末） The company exports fifty percent of the energy ______ it generates at this factory. A．what B．that C．where D．how 【答案】B 【解析】考查限制性定语从句。句意： 该公司将其在这家工厂产生的50%能源出口。先行词为“the energy”，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，用which。 3.（2022·浙江月考） Mr. Smith, ______ son is my classmate, is a famous doctor. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 【答案】C 【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。句意： 史密斯先生，其子是我的同学，是一位著名的医生。先行词为“Mr Smith”,指人，定语从句中son与Mr. Smith是所属关系，需用关系代词whose。 4.（2023·天津一中期末） We visited the Eiffel Tower, ______ we took many photos. A. which B. where C. that D. when 【答案】B 【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我们参观了埃菲尔铁塔，在那里拍了很多照片。先行词为“the Eiffel Tower”，在定语从句中作地点状语，用where。 5.（2022·江苏南京月考）The meeting will be held next Monday, ______ I will be away on business. A. which B. when C. where D. that 【答案】B 【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：会议将于下周一举行，届时我将因公出差。先行词为“next Monday”，在定语从句中作时间状语，用when。 6.（2023·上海徐汇期中）My brother, ______ lives in London, is coming to visit us. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 【答案】B 【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我住在伦敦的哥哥要来拜访我们。先行词为“my brother”，在从句中作主语，用who。 7.（2022·湖北武汉月考） The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 【答案】B 【解析】 考查限制性定语从句。句意：天气结果非常好，这超出了我们的预期。which指代整个主句“The weather turned out to be very good”这件事，且在定语从句中作主语。 8.（2023·河北石家庄期末） I passed him a glass of water, ______ he drank immediately. A. which B. that C. whom D. when 【答案】A 【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。句意： 我递给他一杯水，他立刻喝了。先行词为“a glass of water”，指物，在从句中作“drank”的宾语，用which。 9.（2022·四川成都期中） He failed the exam, ______ made his parents very disappointed. A. that B. which C. what D. when 【答案】B 【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：他考试不及格，这使他的父母非常失望。 which指代前面整个主句“He failed the exam”这件事从句中，且在定语从句中作主语。 10.（23-24高二上·天津滨海期末） —Tom, you have won the competition again! —The most important advice ______I’d like to give is to go all out. A．where B．what C．how D．that 【答案】D 【解析】 考查限制性定语从句。句意：——汤姆，你又赢得比赛了！——我想给你的最重要建议是全力以赴。 先行词为“advice”,在定语从句中作“give”的宾语,用that，选D。 二、语法填空 1．（24-25高二上·北京西城·期末） I lift weights because it’s the form of exercise ______ requires the least movement from me. 【答案】that/which 【解析】限制性定语从句。句意：我举重是因为这是需要我活动最少的锻炼方式。先行词为“the form of exercise”,指物，在定语从句中作主语，用that/which。 2．（23-24高二上·内蒙古赤峰·期末） He speaks highly of China Orbit as a unique science fiction novel ________ vividly shows a child’s real-life experience in a military camp of a specific era. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他对中国轨道这部独特的科幻小说评价很高，它生动地展现了一个特定时代孩子在军营中的真实经历。先行词为“novel”,指物，在定语从句中作主语，用that/which。 3．（22-23高二下·北京西城·期末） Given the fast pace of the job market now, 21st century employees are faced with challenges _______ their parents never experienced. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：鉴于当前就业市场的快速变化，21世纪的员工面临着父母从未经历过的挑战。分析句子的成分可知，先行词为“challenges”,在定语从句中作主语，用that/which。 4.（2023·北京海淀·期中） My eldest sister, __________ is a lawyer, always gives me good advice. 【答案】who 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我姐姐是一位律师，总是给我很好的建议。先行词为“my eldest sister”，指人，在从句中作主语，故用who。 5.（2022·上海浦东新区·月考） We will put off the picnic until next week, __________ the weather may be better. 【答案】when 【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我们将把野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能会更好。先行词为“next week”，指时间，在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when。 6.（2023·浙江杭州·期末） The smartphone, __________ I bought last month, was stolen yesterday. 【答案】which 【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我上个月买的智能手机昨天被偷了。先行词为“the smartphone”，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，故用which。 7.（2022·广东广州·期中） The famous writer, __________ latest novel sold millions of copies, will give a talk at our school. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查 非限制性定语从句。句意：这位著名作家的最新小说销量达数百万册，他将在我校做一场讲座。先行词为“the famous writer ”在定语从句中作定语，修饰“ latest novel”，故用关系代词whose。 8.（2023·湖南长沙·月考） They moved to a new house, __________ has a big garden. 【答案】which 【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：他们搬到了一所新房子，这所房子有一个大花园。先行词为“a new house”，在定语从句中作主语，故用which。 9.（2022·江苏南京·期末） The manager invited me to dinner, __________ was very kind of him. 【答案】which 【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：经理邀请我共进晚餐，这真是太好了。which指代前面整个主句“The manager invited me to dinner”，且在定语从句中作主语。 10.（2023·湖北武汉·期中） The old couple have two sons, both of __________ are studying abroad. 【答案】whom 【解析】考查“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：这对老夫妇有两个儿子，两人都在国外留学。先行词为“two sons”,指人,作介词of的宾语,用whom。 提升题（测试时间：10分钟） 1、 单项选择题 1.（2023·全国甲卷·改编） The company, ______ head office is located in Shanghai, has branches all over the world. A. which B. whose C. that D. whom 【答案】B 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这家公司的总部位于上海，全球各地设有分支机构。先行词为“The company”，在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系，故用关系代词whose。 2.（2022·新高考I卷·改编） The artist, ______ works are popular around the world, will visit our city next week. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 【答案】C 【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这位艺术家的作品在世界各地都很受欢迎，他下周将访问我们的城市。先行词为“The artist”，在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系，故用关系代词whose。 3.（2023·江苏启东中学·调研） He is a man of great experience, ______ whom we can learn a lot. A. from B. for C. to D. with 【答案】A 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：他是一位经验丰富的男士，从他身上我们可以学到很多。 “介词+关系代词”结构。learn from sb. 是固定搭配，意为“向某人学习”，故用from whom。 4.（2022·福建厦门一中·质检） She said she had finished her work, ______ I doubt very much. A. who B. which C. that D. whom 【答案】B 【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她说她已经完成了工作，但我非常怀疑。which指代前面整个主句“she had finished her work”这件事，并在从句中作doubt的宾语。 5.（2023·山东潍坊一模） As ______ recorded in history, the event changed the course of the war. A. it B. that C. is D. which 【答案】C 【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：正如历史所记载，该事件改变了战争的进程。as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整个主句，并在从句中作主语，谓语动词用三单，故用 is。 2、 语法填空题 1.（2023·全国乙卷·改编） She has overcome many difficulties, __________ shows that she is a strong person. 【答案】which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她克服了许多困难，这表明她是一个坚强的人。 which指代前面整个主句“She has overcome many difficulties”这件事，并在从句中作主语。 2.（2022·新高考I卷·改编） The project will be completed next year, by __________ time the new factory will be fully operational. 【答案】 which 【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：该项目将于明年完成，到那时新工厂将全面投入运营。“介词+关系代词”结构。which指代“next year”，"by which time"意为“到明年那时”。 3.（2023·江苏苏锡常镇·一模） The scientist, __________ whom we have great respect, has made another important discovery. 【答案】for 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这位我们非常尊敬的科学家又有了一个重要发现。 “介词+关系代词”结构。have respect for sb. 是固定搭配，意为“尊敬某人”，故用for whom。 4.（2022·广东六校·联考） He wasn't satisfied with the result, __________ can be seen from his expression. 【答案】as 【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：他对结果不满意，这可以从他的表情中看出来。as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句“He wasn't satisfied with the result”，意为“这一点，正如”。 5.（2023·湖北八市·联考） There are 50 students in our class, 30 of __________ are from the city. 【答案】whom 【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我们班有50名学生，其中30名来自城市。 “数词+of whom”结构，指人“50 students”，whom作介词of的宾语。 6. （23-24高二下·全国期末） Unlike Military-style Travel, Citywalk is about wandering around a city on foot and finding unusual things __________ even a local might not have noticed before. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：与军事化旅行不同，Citywalk 是关于步行漫游城市，寻找一些连本地人可能都未曾留意过的特别事物。先行词为 “unusual things”，指物，作定语从句中“have noticed”的宾语，用that/which。 7.（22-23高二下·全国期末） Last year, I tried sharing a car with my colleagues ________ live near me but it still took so long. 【答案】that/who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：去年，我尝试和住在附近的同事拼车，但还是花了很长时间。先行词为 “my colleagues”，指人，作定语从句中作主语，用that/who。 8. （22-23高二·全国课后作业） Have you ever asked him the reason _____ may explain his absence? 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：你有没有问他过可能解释他缺席的原因？先行词为 “the reason”，作定语从句中 “explain”的宾语，用that/which。 9.（22-23高二上·全国课后作业） She will never forget the days ________she spent in Beijing. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她永远不会忘记她在北京度过的那些日子。先行词为 “the days”，作定语从句中 “spent”的宾语，用that/which。 10.（24-25高二上·北京朝阳期末） The building, ________ the important conference is being held, is in the center of the city. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这座大楼，正在举行重要会议的那座大楼，位于市中心。先行词为 “the building”，在定语从句中作状语，用where。 三、完成句子 1. Last week I passed the examination, ________________________. 上周我通过了考试，那是很重要的考试。 【答案】which was important 2. Tom sold his house, ____________________________________. 汤姆卖掉了他的房子，这 （件事）使他的父亲很生气。 【答案】which made his father very angry 3. The professor has two sons, _________________ are studying in the same university. 教授有两个儿子，他们都在同一所大学读书。 【答案】both of whom 4. ___________________, he studies very hard. 正如我们所知，他学习非常刻苦。 【答案】As we all know 5. We will put off the outing until next week,___________________________. 我们要把远足延期到下周，那时我们就不会这么忙了。 【答案】when we won’t be so busy 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 一、语法填空 1. (2025全国II卷) Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, _______bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn’t exist. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意为：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫以及他的家人住在中国浙江的乡村，那里山上有野生的竹子和茶树，鸡总是自由放养，而且没有集中供暖。结合句意及分析句子结构可知，先行词为the countryside of Zhejiang, where在定语从句中作状语，故填where。 2.（2025全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为“围棋”），它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 3.（2025浙江1月卷）Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, __ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 【答案】 which 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词clothing，并在从句中作package和offer的宾语，故填which。 4.（2025北京卷）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists _ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, __ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 【答案】 which 【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 5.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route __ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 【答案】which/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 6.（2024年新课标II卷）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ________is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 【答案】who 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：纪念“亚洲莎士比亚”汤显祖的中国元素为威廉·莎士比亚的故乡埃文河畔斯特拉特福增添了国际特色。先行词为“Tang Xianzu”,指人，在定语从句中作主语，用who。 7.（2024浙江1月卷）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way______will make them the most money. 【答案】 that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——它们以能让自身赚取最多钱的方式来定价商品。分析句子结构可知，先行词为“the way”，在定语从句中作主语，应该用that/which。 8.（2024全国甲卷）Yellowstone was the largest United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 【答案】which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：黄石国家公园曾是美国最大的国家公园——占地220万英亩——直到阿拉斯加南部的沃朗格尔-圣埃利亚斯，它于1978年成为国家纪念地，1980年以1230万英亩的面积成为国家公园，从而夺得了这一头衔。先行词为“Wrangell-Saint Elias”，在定语从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句，故填which。 9.（2023全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, ________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她的寓言开篇写道：‘在美国中部曾有一个城镇，那里的所有生命似乎都与周围的环境和谐共处，享受着平静的生活。’ 这句话借用了许多古老寓言中人们耳熟能详的词语。先行词为 “a town”，在定语从句中作状语，故填where。 10.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 【答案】 which/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意为：但北京虽拥有众多古建筑，也是一座拥抱现代快节奏发展的城市，21世纪的建筑奇观与过去的古建筑比邻而立。先行词为“a place”,在定语从句中作主语，故填which/that. 11.（2023北京卷）Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, _________ thousands were attending a water conference. 【答案】 where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意为：妮娜最近完成了她在芝加哥为期一年的跑步系列，当时有数千人正在参加一个水会议。先行词为“Chicago”,在定语从句中作状语，故填where。 12. （2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _______lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. 【答案】 who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意为：在这1100公里的旅程中，男子曹圣康——八岁时因车祸失明——跨越了三个省份的40个市县。先行词为“the man”,在定语从句中作主语，引导非限制性定语从句，故填who。 13. （2021新课标II卷）I decided that if I learned of a company __________ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back. 【答案】 which/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意为：我决定，如果了解到有一家公司大量使用塑料，我会给它发一封邮件，敦促它减少使用。先行词为“a company”,在定语从句中作主语，指物，故填which/that。 拓展题（测试时间：10分钟） 一、汉译英 1.我们到达车站的时候，火车已经开走了，这让我们很失望。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When we arrived at the station, the train had already left, which disappointed us greatly. 2.这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛，它吸引了成千上万的观众。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This is the most exciting football match (that) I have ever seen, which attracted thousands of spectators. 3.他可能生病了，这是他缺席会议的唯一可能原因。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He might be ill, which is the only possible reason why he was absent from the meeting. 4.你认识站在主席台旁边、手里拿着奖杯的那个女孩吗？ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Do you know the girl who is standing by the platform with a trophy in her hand? 5.我们到达了山上的一个地方，从那里可以看到整个城市。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We reached a place on the mountain from which the whole city could be seen. (或：We reached a place on the mountain where we could see the whole city.) 6. 这就是我长大的小镇，这里的一切都让我感到亲切。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This is the small town where I grew up, where everything feels familiar to me. 7. 这是我读过的最有趣的小说，它已经被翻译成十几种语言。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This is the most interesting novel (that) I have ever read, which has been translated into more than ten languages. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $