考前押题05 阅读六选四进阶练15篇（期末复习专项训练）高二英语上学期沪教版

考前押题05 阅读六选四进阶练15篇（期末复习专项训练） 一、人与自我 1 二、人与社会 11 三、人与自然 21 一、人与自我 Passage 1 Rational Online Shopping It’s a tradition for Chinese to make special purchases such as snacks and festive food during the Spring Festival season. So many sellers try to attract consumers by various discounts and special offers, including online sellers. Recently, during the Spring Festival season, group buying websites have seen their businesses booming due to New Year packages. Now many local snacks from different places and regions across the country are being packed as New Year gifts by the sellers. 1 The lower prices have attracted many consumers. One of these websites says they attract more than 100,000 consumers in just a day. 2 Otherwise, you may start the New Year with an empty wallet. So just think carefully before buying online. Recently, some people have shared their annual online shopping bill on social media and many have been shocked by the total sum they spent during the past year. The total bill exceeded 10,000 yuan for many netizens. Looking through the bill, many people admitted that many items they had bought online weren’t necessary. 3 It was simply because the prices were lower. Some had free delivery, and others might have been discounted. In addition, there were also some discounted seasons such as the Single Day Discount on November 11. Even people would normally not buy things they had never thought about having, they just found themselves doing it when seeing the discount. Liu Guili is a professor at the School of Public Administration at Nanchang University. She says buying online is convenient and is preferred by many consumers, but good judgment is needed before loading up the online shopping basket. 4 Never spend more than you can afford. She urges shoppers to bear in mind that every shop owner wants to motivate buyers to spend. THINK TWICE before you buy. A．Moreover, she suggests that consumers should set a monthly shopping budget limit. B．Why did people choose to buy things they didn’t really need so blindly? C．Traditionally, people tend to consider expensive items to be of high-quality. D．So it can save consumers time and trouble of selecting gifts. E．However, experts remind consumers to control the urge to over-shop online. F．What can we do to prevent ourselves from buying things without rational thoughts? Passage 2 A School That Can Educate Us All Christos Porios, 16, lives in a small Greek city. “My mother’s a teacher and my father’s a mechanic,” he explains, adding that neither is knowledgeable about computers—especially compared with him. 1 Porios was taking a free class in machine learning offered by Andrew Ng, a professor at Stanford University, over an online platform Ng developed with his colleagues. Drawing on what he learned, Porios was able to participate in the International Space Apps Challenge, a virtual hackathon (编程马拉松) using data from NASA and other government agencies. If one teenager in one small city can become a genius hacker through an online course, does it mean the world has changed? We have been hearing about the potential of online education for decades. 2 A number of online education platforms have appeared, featuring professors from top universities offering free courses. 3 Ng was amazed. “It would take me 250 years to teach this many people at Stanford,” he says. And so, just one month into the course, Ng and his Stanford colleague, Daphne Koller, decided to leave their faculty posts (教职) and dive into online teaching full-time. In April, they launched their company, Coursera, with a $16 million round of venture funding. So far, it has managed to team up with 35 colleges in nine countries. To Ng and Koller, Coursera’s mission is simple and yet grand. That is to teach millions of people around the world for free, while also transforming higher education. According to Ng, the world’s top 20 universities enroll only about 200,000 students. There are million more who could participate in classwork at the higher level, but most of them are far from any of the leading universities. 4 Koller says Coursera’s total registration has hit 15 million. Porios, the young Greek, is only one of those registrants. His hope is to study in Germany or England someday. He is even toying with the idea of taking classes at MIT or Stanford-but this time in person. A．Finally, it has taken a giant leap forward. B．All of the factors pushing online education toward lower education. C．Over the past few years, he has been teaching himself programming. D．Just the opposite, Coursera’s approach is a long way from a simple online video lecture. E．But the most exciting promise of their company and the like is the role they might play in improving education for the poor around the world. F．Ng’s course in machine learning attracted 104,000 enrollees (入学者) around the world. Passage 3 What Makes You Want More and More? The Diderot effect is perhaps one of the most peculiar aspects of buyer behavior, namely the tendency to consume more and more. It has been named in honor of Denis Diderot, the 18th-century French writer and philosopher. The effect was first described in Diderot’s essay “Regrets on Parting with My Old Dressing Gown.” Here he tells how the gift of a beautiful red gown leads to unexpected results, eventually plunging him into debt. Initially pleased with the gift, Diderot came to regret his new gown. 1 He replaced his old straw chair, for example, with an armchair covered in leather; his formerly beloved prints were replaced with more costly prints, and so on. “I was absolute master of my old dressing gown,” Diderot writes, “but I have become a slave to my new one...” 2 Oftentimes people feel the need to surround themselves with goods that match in terms of value. Advertising, media and social environment often push us to buy things that we have not considered buying at all. This consumer buying behavior is pretty common. A person buys a new car and subsequently (随后) spends a large sum of money on a high-class audio system. Having bought an expensive sofa in the living room, a person starts to notice that the rest of his furniture looks rather old-fashioned compared to the new furnishings. 3 4 Still, in Becoming Minimalist, writer Joshua Becker has a few other suggestions. Buy things for their usefulness rather than their status. Stop trying to impress others with your stuff and start trying to impress them with your life. Remind yourself that possessions do not define you. Abundance (丰裕) of life is not found in the things that you own. Your possessions do not define you or your success — no matter what marketers try to tell you. A．Buying a man’s suit requires appropriate accessories (配饰) to match the look. B．The Diderot effect today refers to excessive consumerism. C．The famous French philosopher Denis Diderot lived nearly his entire life in poverty. D．Compared with his new dressing gown, the rest of his possessions began to seem cheap. E．Simply being aware of this phenomenon will probably go a long way toward preventing it. F．The Diderot Effect can also apply to the places we are familiar with, and even the people we know. Passage 4 The Best Graduation Speech Ever Given I was humbled and honored to be asked by the president of this outstanding university to speak to you today. Who am I? I am Gavin Presgrave, and for the past 39 years, I have written graduation speeches for hundreds of celebrities and nervous valedictorians (告别演说者). 1 And, at the risk of bragging (吹嘘), I was the first graduation-speech writer to compare life to a book. If I’m know for anything, it’s for starting speeches by saying, “I promise to keep things short, as I’m sure you are all impatient to go forward to the wonderful lives I hope you will live.” I’m as proud of that. But perhaps my most famous work came during a commencement speech at Penn State in the spring of 1977. During that speech, given by someone whose name I forget, I first used the phrase “As I look out into this sea of eager faces …” And that “sea of faces” thing was a real game-changer in the world of graduation-speech writing. 2 In 1997, I won a Herman (our version of Oscar) for Best Use of a Children’s Author Quote. That same year, I was nominated for Best Opening Joke, which went like, “Oh, no! We’re all wearing the same gown! How embarrassing!” It was a crowd-pleaser. So what have I learned during my career? 3 I’m not sure, but I’m nevertheless reminded of the day my mother died. Moments before her passing, she told me life was a book and even the saddest of chapters shall come to an end. If you can read the sad chapters rapidly and the happy chapters slowly, then your life will be a worthwhile one. Most of you have no idea what lies ahead or what course your lives will take — two other ways of saying future. I know this. 4 We may not need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows, but it can’t hurt to carry an umbrella. As I once said, “Tomorrow is a gift wrapped in time. Now is the time to open it.” You are all about to open new chapters of your own books. Shall we turn that page together? A．What should a good graduation speech be like? B．Yes, I’m proud and humbled to say that I’ve won several awards for my graduation speeches. C．But my life path has not always been smooth. D．What important lesson can I pass along? E．For decades, I have come up with new ways to say future. F．The journey you’re about to start will be filled with twists and turns. Passage 5 How Can I Fight Laziness? Lazy people will never amount to anything in life. However, laziness can be defeated once a few changes have been made in your mind. 1 . Many people lack sleep constantly, since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work. These people have little motivation once they arrive home. Laziness works hand in hand with a lack of motivation and a tendency to put off things. By adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest, you can fight laziness throughout the day. Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active. Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task. Others take a more proactive approach, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone. 2 . Some people fight laziness by removing the temptations (诱惑) that surround them. A television in the living room may provide entertainment, but watching too much TV often contributes to laziness. 3 . Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy, such as a good dinner or a film. Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home. Couples and children may all have different energy levels, but laziness can be spread if not dealt with immediately. 4 . Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others in the home may eventually follow your example and perform their own task. It is difficult to practice laziness when you are surrounded by motivated people. Finally, taking exercise regularly can help you fight laziness. Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle, thus enabling you to have more energy and help lift your spirits. A．To fight family laziness, set an example. B．Knowing how to fight laziness is important. C．One way to fight laziness is to get enough sleep. D．With strong determination, you will be able to achieve your goal. E．Laziness sets in when you no longer feel in charge of your own life. F．Create a reward system for yourself, just as parents do for a child. 二、人与社会 Passage 1 The man who organized meals for children all over the world In a remote Scottish valley stands a small iron shed (简易房) that is affecting the lives of a million children thousands of kilometres away. The shed was the birthplace in 2002 of a t f a tiny charity called Mary's Meals, run by a man called Magnus MacFarlane-Barrow. 1 During one trip in 2002, he was being shown round a school by a local teacher, when he asked a young boy of 14 what his dreams were. The boy said, ‘to have enough food to eat and to go to school.’ Magnus realised there and then that providing school meals could transform life for children all over the developing world. As he researched it over a lengthy period, Magnus found that many children around the world were going to school without having had any breakfast, ‘and they weren’t getting anything at school-so it would be evening before they got fed,’ Magnus says. 2 At the last count, Mary’s Meals was working in 1,300 schools in 12 countries across four continents, providing school meals to 996,926 children each day. “You find that when school dinners are provided, enrolment increases by around 18%,’ says Magnus. “In the short term that can be problematic, but in the long term it’s fantastic,’ he adds. ‘And attendance rates go up too, because in many schools children are enrolled but don’t attend school very often, and that changes once they know they will be fed. 3 ’ Magnus’s main focus, however, remains more global. 4 There are, he says, an enormous number of children across the world who are not in school because of hunger and poverty. ‘In many ways, I feel we are just beginning.’ A．He is delighted with the way things have gone so far, but says there’s a great deal that remains to be done. B．The incident attracted a lot of attention, which Magnus admits was not unwelcome. C．Magnus used to work for a large humanitarian organization, and this job took him all over the world. D．And academic performance also improves a lot because now not only are children coming in to school, they are also not hungry in lessons. E．The sums involved are still enough to have a significant impact, though. F．He felt that was a terrible situation and knew that changing it would make a big difference. Passage 2 Why Monday Is the Most Misunderstood Day When the Boomtown Rats, an Irish band, released “Don’t Like Mondays” in 1979, the song became an instant hit. The inspiration behind it was the Cleveland Elementary School shooting in San Diego that year. The 16-year-old perpetrator listed “not liking Mondays” as her main reason for firing 36 shots, killing two adults and injuring eight children and a police officer. This is not, though, why the song resonated with millions of people around the world. 1 What many do recognize all too well is the difficulty of summoning the energy to get out of bed on Monday mornings in order to face the week ahead. Many bosses argue that starting off the week in person in the office creates good energy. They think that the initial meeting in the office can boost morale and encourage teamwork, which is essential for a productive work environment. 2 A paper published in 2021 by the Journal of Applied Psychology provides some insight into this debate. The study found that people tend to be more ill-mannered on Mondays, possibly due to the transition from a relaxed weekend to a busy work schedule, and grow more courteous and more engaged with their work as the week unfolds and employees settle into their routines. Another paper from 2015 by Yun Tae Hwang and Amy Kang published in the Medical Journal of Australia goes so far as to diagnose a new condition, Mondayitis. 3 These symptoms typically appear on the first working day after a period off work, which could be a weekend or a longer holiday. They can lead sufferers to call in sick, decide to work from home or, if they do show up in the office, come across as detached and unavailable. So much for good energy. 4 Some Americans now complain of “Sunday scaries”, when pre-Monday dread sets in as the weekend draws to a close. Both conditions can be aggravated by a weekend hangover, a looming deadline or painful memories. They are likely to be particularly acute among the nearly half of American workers who, according to a poll from 2022 conducted by UKG, an HR-software company, hate their jobs. A．Most of them are in all likelihood unaware of its tragic origins. B．Mondayitis appears to be contagious, infecting other days of the week. C．While this approach is favored by some, plenty of employees beg to differ. D．They are highly motivated in all walks of life, and even somewhat workaholic. E．The condition is not just a figment of the imagination but has real physiological effects. F．It is defined as “a systemic illness with symptoms including fatigue, irritability or light-headedness”. Passage 3 People with a sweet tooth may also be sweeter people Research has shown that a preference for sweet foods is associated with agreeableness. 1 These links can be explained based on conceptual metaphor theory (概念隐喻理论). 2 According to the theory, metaphoric mappings are cognitive (认知的) associations, often learned through experience, that finally allow people to think about abstract concepts in terms that are more readily noticeable, such as taste. A new journal article published this week aimed to examine whether the association between sweet taste preferences and agreeableness occurs across cultures. 3 Participants completed a 10-item agreeableness scale that asked them how much certain statements describe them using a 1 (very inaccurate) to 5 (very accurate) scale, for example “sympathize with others’ feelings,” “take time out for others,” “have a soft heart”. Participants also completed a sweet taste preference scale, which had ten items (e. g. candy, chocolate cake, honey, etc.)that they rated using a 1 (dislike strongly) to 6 (like strongly) scale. Additionally, participants rated how much they liked five taste types: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and spicy. 4 Particularly, people who like sweet foods are more likely to “sympathize with others’ feelings,” “take time out for others,” “have a soft heart,” and so on. Therefore, the study’s results suggest that people across cultures use sweet taste experiences to understand or conceptualize niceness in line with the theory framework. A．The association matches terms sometimes used to describe kind and nice people (“sweet” or “sweetie”). B．It reveals a cross-cultural evidence of sweet taste preferences. C．To answer this question, the study tested 1650 participants from four countries. D．As the findings suggested, significant connection between agreeableness and the two measures of taste preferences exists across all samples, contrasting the earlier findings. E．The central idea of it is that metaphors map abstract concepts (e. g. niceness) on more specific areas (e. g. sweet taste experiences) to aid understanding. F．The study found that agreeableness was positively related with the two different measures of sweet taste preferences in all the samples. Passage 4 Stella McCartney’s Fashion Revolution The world of fashion has always been a fascinating realm, constantly evolving and reinventing itself. One name that has recently been making waves is Stella McCartney. When models walked down the runway wearing McCartney’s latest collection, the audience was captivated. The designs were a unique blend of modern aesthetics and sustainable materials. A particular dress made from recycled plastic bottles caught everyone’s eye. It shone under the lights, looking as glamorous as any dress made from traditional fabrics. Stella McCartney was born into a family with deep roots in the creative industries. Her father was Paul McCartney of the Beatles, a legendary figure in the music world. Growing up in such an environment, Stella was exposed to art, music, and fashion from a young age. 1 She decided to focus on fashion design, with a strong emphasis on environmental consciousness. She started her career by working with some of the top fashion houses in London. During this time, she learned the skills and improved her abilities. 2 In 2001, she launched her own brand, which was an instant hit. Her designs were not only stylish but also carried a message of sustainability. For example, she replaced leather with innovative vegan materials that looked and felt just like the real thing. In 2010, Stella was invited to collaborate with a major sportswear brand. This partnership brought her designs to a wider audience. 3 Her sportswear line was both functional and fashionable, appealing to athletes and fashion enthusiasts alike. It was a huge success, and she received rave reviews from critics and consumers. Today, Stella McCartney is a globally recognized name. Her brand is known for its commitment to sustainability and high-quality design. However, some might assume that her designs are only for a small group of people. 4 She has collections that range from haute couture to ready-to-wear, and her clothing can be seen on red carpets as well as on the streets. Whether it’s a beautiful evening gown or a casual T-shit Stella McCartney’s designs have something for everyone A．After that, she continued to expand her brand, introducing new collections every season. B．In fact, from the very beginning, she had a clear vision of what she wanted to achieve in fashion. C．It was not an easy journey, but she persevered and finally achieved her goal. D．Yet her work caters to a wide range of consumers with different tastes. E．Then, she gradually built up her reputation until she became famous. F．As a result, her brand gained even more popularity and her influence spread further. Passage 5 Forget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Television is still the most influential medium around. Indeed, for many of the poorest regions of the world, it remains the next big thing — finally becomes globally available. And that is a good thing, because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better. 1 Across the developing world, around 45% of families had a TV in 1995; by 2005 the number had climbed above 60%. That is some way behind the U.S., where there are more TVs than people, and where people now easily get access to the Internet. 2 Five million more families in sub-Saharan Africa will get a TV over the next five years. In 2005, after the fall of the Taliban, which had outlawed TV, 1 in 5 Afghans had one. The global total is another 150 million by 2013 — pushing the numbers to well beyond two thirds of families. Television’s most powerful effect will be on the lives of women. 3 In India, researchers Robert Jensen and Emily Oster found that when TVs reached villages, women were more likely to go to the market without their husbands’ approval and less likely to want a boy rather than a girl. They were more likely to make decisions over child health care. TV is also a powerful medium for adult education. 4 In the Indian state of Gujarat, Chitrageet is a popular show that plays Hollywood songs with words in Gujarat on the screen. Within six months, viewers had made a small but significant improvement in their reading skills. Too much TV has been associated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide. A．The spread of TV brings not only entertainment but also social change. B．The number of households with TVs continues to grow rapidly. C．Some people argue that TV does more harm than good to children. D．This growth is not limited to any one region. E．For example, it can help improve literacy among adults. F．In some countries, TV is still considered a luxury item. 三、人与自然 Passage 1 The biology of sleep: Forty thousand naps near the sea Sleep is a bit of an evolutionary mystery. A sleeping animal cannot look for food, defend its territory or flee from danger. The fact that sleep is nonetheless common among animals suggests its restorative powers are essential. So does the fact that, if laboratory animals are deprived of it for long enough, they die. Some animals, though, have developed unique ways to balance the need for sleep and the need for staying alert. Dolphins and ducks can sleep with only half their brains at a time, leaving the other half alert. 1 Chinstrap penguins (帽带企鹅), it seems, take their sleep in the form of thousands of tiny micro-naps. The researchers captured 14 penguins on King George Island, and their brain activity was tracked remotely through electrodes. While ducks sleep in long stretches, the researchers discovered that the penguins were napping for just a few seconds at a time, hundreds of times an hour. They offer two explanations for the penguins’ sleep patterns. The first is to do with external threats. Penguins often incubate (孵化) their eggs alone while their partners are away foraging for food. Colonies are threatened by brown skuas (棕贼鸥). 2 Broken sleep may be an evolutionarily smart way of getting some shut-eye during long egg-guarding watches while still remaining able to react to danger. 3 Birds with nests near the edge of the colony ought to be at greater risk than those in the centre. But birds on the edges of the colony seemed to enjoy longer and deeper naps than those near the middle. That leads to the second suggestion, which is to do with the penguins themselves. Penguin colonies are noisy, crowded places, and threats may come from within as well as without. 4 Birds in the bustling, crime-ridden centre of the colony may simply find it harder to get any shut-eye than those living in the safer, quieter suburbs. Choosing between those theories will require more research. Both, of course, could prove to be true. A．But that is complicated by another of the researchers’ findings. B．They are predatory birds that will gladly seize unattended eggs. C．Now a paper by Libourel and Lee reports another clever adaptation. D．The birds may readily steal nesting materials from unguarded neighbours, for instance. E．But the fact that the birds are able to incubate eggs under such conditions proves the naps useful. F．Like ducks, chinstrap penguins can sleep with either their whole brain or with just one hemisphere at a time. Passage 2 Is Tom Really the Natural Enemy of Jerry? I’ve seen such scenes for many times — some cats are not interested in catching mice, and even seem genuinely afraid of mice. How can a natural hunter be like this? Are mice really more aggressive now? 1 Some cats hunt and kill, others play with prey before killing it, and some, like mine, scamper up the stairs wailing at their own shadow. All cats, like people, have personalities and preferences. Moreover, it has much to do with the environment whether a cat is a qualified mice hunter. When cats live indoors and are not exposed to hunting or game, they may ignore mice. While they have natural hunting instincts, most cats are not professional mice hunters. Cats which live in a house are usually well-fed and will only pursue mice for fun. 2 However, cats have lightning-fast reflexes (本能反应) and frequently leap before they realize why, especially if something resembles the way a snake moves. 3 The truth is, they may never see one if they’ve always been in the house. Cats are highly alert to other creatures that could damage or kill them. Rats, on the other hand, are even more dangerous. A giant rat is not a prey that a cat would pursue. The rats’ bite could injure or infect the cat with a deadly disease. What can we do to naturally keep away from mice? Regarding which cat is the best for hunting mice, the cat breed is unimportant. 4 Get two of them, but ensure you are feeding them and providing them with medical treatment rather than simply employing them to kill mice and failing to care for them properly. A．A shelter cat which had previously lived outside is a good choice. B．Actually, it is mainly dependent on the cat. C．If they’ve never seen one, they’re correct to be suspicious! D．That is to say, if the cat is full, curiosity is the only motivation to deal with a moving creature. E．Most of the time, it’s not that the cat is afraid of such creatures. F．Cats are intelligent when deciding which target to follow and which to avoid. Passage 3 Imagine living on the edge of a vast desert, which is moving quietly closer to your village every day and covering your fields. The desert is on the move. This is called desertification. Desertification occurs in regions close to an already existing desert. 1 . The first is over-use of water in the area. There is not enough water in any case, and if it is not carefully used, disaster can follow. As time goes on, water shortages make farming more and more difficult. In some places, locals can remember local lakes and marshes which were once the homes for all kinds of fish and birds. They ave been completely buried by the stand now. Farmers leave the land, and fields are replaced by deserts. The second cause is misuse or over-use of the land. 2 Ploughing large fields and removing bushes and trees means that the wind will blow away the soil. Once the soil is lost, it is hard to replace, and if there is rain, it has nowhere to go, and brings no benefit. 3 Every spring, the skies over some of eastern cities, thousands of kilometers away from the deserts, can be darkened by sandstorms. Dust from deserts can have a great effect on weather systems. While desertification is perhaps being partly caused by global warming., these sandstorms can make global warming worse by adding ti what is known as the greenhouse effect. What can be done to slow down or stop the process of desertification? A great deal of work is already under way. Obviously the first steps are to find new water sources. 4 Some types of grass also hold the soil together, and stop the wind taking it. Without these efforts, it will be harder and harder to stop the world’s deserts in their tracks, and more and more farmers will give up and head for cities. The lesson to be learnt lies beneath the sand. A．It generally arises from two related causes. B．It is not only the farmers and villagers who suffer. C．Scientists are doing the research on the cause of desertification. D．They destroy the land, as the oil dries out and is then blown away. E．Tree planting can help, by providing barriers between desert and rich field. F．This means that the wrong crops are planted, and need more water than is available. Passage 4 Innovations in Food Production: Cultivated Meat Innovators in the United States and around the world will soon bring to market new and transformative products that have the ability to reshape animal agriculture as we know it. Consumers will be able to purchase meat and other animal-derived foods without supporting cruel, unclean, and unsafe factory farms and slaughterhouses. Cultivated meat — also referred to as slaughter-free meat or cell-based meat, is just that — animal meat produced from animals’ cells, without having to raise and kill living, feeling beings. 1 We do not need to rely on this flawed industrial system. Cultivated meat production will remove the need to crowd thousands of animals into cages and crowded barns, and of course would not require billions of animals to be slaughtered each year. The cell culturing process — similar to those used in making beer and cheese — can replace factory farms and eliminate the need to slaughter animals. Not only will cultivated meat production cut out the cruelty and suffering inherent in industrial factory farming, it promises to dramatically reduce environmental impacts. 2 They place these dangerous substances in massive “lagoons” that dot the American landscape. These waste lagoons threaten the public health and often spill over to pollute miles of waterways and kill countless wild animals. These lagoons are entirely absent from cultivated meat production. Absent too would be the bad smells and other harmful air pollutants local communities have to endure thanks to factory farms. And factory farms have to use huge amounts of antibiotics and other drugs to prevent and control disease because they crowd stressed, suffering animals by the thousands into dirty warehouses. 3 Every year more and more consumers are rejecting cruel and unsustainable factory-farmed products and demanding something better. 4 And that trend is only gaining momentum. For example, data collected by the Plant Based Foods Association (PBFA) found a 24% year to year growth in demand for plant-based meats in 2018! As interest in healthier and more sustainable options to slaughtered meat increases, cultivated meat can step in to help meet this booming demand. A．In contrast, cultivated meat production facilities will provide safe, clean, and controlled environments. B．Factory farms necessitate the disposal of animal waste, drugs, and chemicals. C．Animal agriculture causes animal suffering, pollutes the environment, and threatens human welfare. D．While cultivated meat avoids slaughter, some worry about its sensory qualities. E．We have seen dramatic growth in the demand for plant-based meats and milks in recent years. F．Some worry that scaling up production may require significant energy, reducing its environmental edge. Passage 5 Monarch Butterflies Listed as Endangered The monarch butterfly, known for its legendary migration from Mexico to Canada, is now at great risk of extinction. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, the population of this orange-and-black insect has shrunk between 23% and 72% over the past 10 years. IUCN has labeled it as being endangered after having added it to its Red List of Threatened Species. 1 . In order to make space for agriculture and urban development, people have been illegally cutting down trees. As a result, the massive forested areas that had previously sheltered the butterflies during winter have now been destroyed. Another factor at play is the use of herbicides (除草剂) in agricultural fields. 2 . Just before leaving their overwintering grounds, females lay eggs on milkweed plants. But now milkweed is disappearing, and monarch caterpillars are losing their host plants. Climate change has also taken a heavy toll on the species. 3 . What’s worse, severe weather conditions such as hurricanes and storms are proving to be disastrous for the already vulnerable butterflies. Monarch experts are calling for the public’s help in the fight to save the species. “Few species inspire the awe and wonder that the migratory monarch butterfly commands,” said Dr. Sean T. O’ Brien, President and CEO of Nature Serve. “While efforts to protect this species are encouraging, much is still needed to ensure its long-term survival.” What can be done to case the problem? A middle-of-the-road solution is gaining ground. Scientists recommend promoting the growth of native milkweed and nectar flowers. Monarch butterflies are a common backyard insect in America, so everyone can contribute their share. 4 . They can also plant flowers for monarchs-Those flowers will provide nectar for monarchs when they bloom. A．People can plant milkweed to support their egg-laying and caterpillars. B．When they are caterpillars (幼虫), monarchs entirely depend on milkweed. C．Hence, local people should maintain thick forests and reduce the use of pesticides within the monarch’s range. D．The reasons for the threat to monarchs are varied, but the leading one is the decades-long destruction of its habitats. E．In a one-two punch, droughts have limited the growth of milkweed, thus threatening the butterflies’ overwintering habitats. F．To help ensure the survival of monarchs, the habitats of the Monarch butterfly need to be protected and conserved. 试卷第1页，共3页 1 / 31 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题05 阅读六选四进阶练15篇（期末复习专项训练） 一、人与自我 1 二、人与社会 11 三、人与自然 21 一、人与自我 Passage 1 Rational Online Shopping It’s a tradition for Chinese to make special purchases such as snacks and festive food during the Spring Festival season. So many sellers try to attract consumers by various discounts and special offers, including online sellers. Recently, during the Spring Festival season, group buying websites have seen their businesses booming due to New Year packages. Now many local snacks from different places and regions across the country are being packed as New Year gifts by the sellers. 1 The lower prices have attracted many consumers. One of these websites says they attract more than 100,000 consumers in just a day. 2 Otherwise, you may start the New Year with an empty wallet. So just think carefully before buying online. Recently, some people have shared their annual online shopping bill on social media and many have been shocked by the total sum they spent during the past year. The total bill exceeded 10,000 yuan for many netizens. Looking through the bill, many people admitted that many items they had bought online weren’t necessary. 3 It was simply because the prices were lower. Some had free delivery, and others might have been discounted. In addition, there were also some discounted seasons such as the Single Day Discount on November 11. Even people would normally not buy things they had never thought about having, they just found themselves doing it when seeing the discount. Liu Guili is a professor at the School of Public Administration at Nanchang University. She says buying online is convenient and is preferred by many consumers, but good judgment is needed before loading up the online shopping basket. 4 Never spend more than you can afford. She urges shoppers to bear in mind that every shop owner wants to motivate buyers to spend. THINK TWICE before you buy. A．Moreover, she suggests that consumers should set a monthly shopping budget limit. B．Why did people choose to buy things they didn’t really need so blindly? C．Traditionally, people tend to consider expensive items to be of high-quality. D．So it can save consumers time and trouble of selecting gifts. E．However, experts remind consumers to control the urge to over-shop online. F．What can we do to prevent ourselves from buying things without rational thoughts? 【答案】1．D 2．E 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕春节期间网络团购年货这一现象展开，讨论了网购的便利性，同时也提醒消费者要理性购物，避免过度消费。 1．根据空前的“Now many local snacks from different places and regions across the country are being packed as New Year gifts by the sellers. (现在，许多来自全国各地的地方小吃被卖家包装成新年礼物。)”可知，卖家将地方小吃包装成新年礼物，这对消费者来说在挑选礼物时会更方便，D选项“So it can save consumers time and trouble of selecting gifts. (所以这可以节省消费者挑选礼物的时间和麻烦。)”中的“it”指代前文卖家将小吃包装成新年礼物这件事，且说明了这样做给消费者带来的好处，符合语境。故选D项。 2．根据空前的“The lower prices have attracted many consumers. One of these websites says they attract more than 100,000 consumers in just a day. (较低的价格吸引了许多消费者。其中一个网站表示，他们一天就能吸引超过10万名消费者。)”以及空后的“Otherwise, you may start the New Year with an empty wallet. (否则，你可能会以一个空钱包开始新的一年。)”可知，此处应是从消费者被低价吸引这一情况转折到提醒消费者不要过度购物，E选项“However, experts remind consumers to control the urge to over-shop online. (然而，专家提醒消费者要控制网上过度购物的冲动。)”起到了转折和提醒的作用，符合语境。故选E项。 3．根据空前的“Looking through the bill, many people admitted that many items they had bought online weren’t necessary. (翻看账单，许多人承认他们在网上买的很多东西都是不必要的。)”以及空后的“It was simply because the prices were lower. (只是因为价格更低。)”可知，空处应是提出一个关于人们买不必要的东西的问题，从而引出下文对该问题的回答，B选项“Why did people choose to buy things they didn’t really need so blindly? (为什么人们会如此盲目地购买他们并不真正需要的东西？)”为一个问题，且空后的内容是对该问题的回答，符合语境。故选B项。 4．根据空前的“Liu Guili is a professor at the School of Public Administration at Nanchang University. She says buying online is convenient and is preferred by many consumers, but good judgment is needed before loading up the online shopping basket. (刘桂莉是南昌大学公共管理学院的教授。她说，网上购物很便捷，受到许多消费者的青睐，但在把商品装满网购购物车之前，需要做出正确的判断。)”以及空后的“Never spend more than you can afford. (永远不要花超出你承受能力的钱。)”可知，此处应是刘桂莉给出的具体建议，A选项“Moreover, she suggests that consumers should set a monthly shopping budget limit. (此外，她建议消费者应该设定每月的购物预算上限。)”是她提出的具体建议，且与空后内容相呼应，符合语境。故选A项。 Passage 2 A School That Can Educate Us All Christos Porios, 16, lives in a small Greek city. “My mother’s a teacher and my father’s a mechanic,” he explains, adding that neither is knowledgeable about computers—especially compared with him. 1 Porios was taking a free class in machine learning offered by Andrew Ng, a professor at Stanford University, over an online platform Ng developed with his colleagues. Drawing on what he learned, Porios was able to participate in the International Space Apps Challenge, a virtual hackathon (编程马拉松) using data from NASA and other government agencies. If one teenager in one small city can become a genius hacker through an online course, does it mean the world has changed? We have been hearing about the potential of online education for decades. 2 A number of online education platforms have appeared, featuring professors from top universities offering free courses. 3 Ng was amazed. “It would take me 250 years to teach this many people at Stanford,” he says. And so, just one month into the course, Ng and his Stanford colleague, Daphne Koller, decided to leave their faculty posts (教职) and dive into online teaching full-time. In April, they launched their company, Coursera, with a $16 million round of venture funding. So far, it has managed to team up with 35 colleges in nine countries. To Ng and Koller, Coursera’s mission is simple and yet grand. That is to teach millions of people around the world for free, while also transforming higher education. According to Ng, the world’s top 20 universities enroll only about 200,000 students. There are million more who could participate in classwork at the higher level, but most of them are far from any of the leading universities. 4 Koller says Coursera’s total registration has hit 15 million. Porios, the young Greek, is only one of those registrants. His hope is to study in Germany or England someday. He is even toying with the idea of taking classes at MIT or Stanford-but this time in person. A．Finally, it has taken a giant leap forward. B．All of the factors pushing online education toward lower education. C．Over the past few years, he has been teaching himself programming. D．Just the opposite, Coursera’s approach is a long way from a simple online video lecture. E．But the most exciting promise of their company and the like is the role they might play in improving education for the poor around the world. F．Ng’s course in machine learning attracted 104,000 enrollees (入学者) around the world. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．F 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了一位来自希腊小城的16岁少年Christos Porios通过在线教育平台学习机器学习，并参与国际编程比赛的故事。 1．上文“Christos Porios, 16, lives in a small Greek city. “My mother’s a teacher and my father’s a mechanic,” he explains, adding that neither is knowledgeable about computers—especially compared with him. (16岁的Christos Porios住在一个希腊小城。他解释说：“我妈妈是老师，爸爸是机械师。”并补充道，他们都不了解电脑，尤其是和他比起来。)”提到Christos Porios解释了他的父母都不了解电脑，尤其是与他相比。这里需要一个句子来承接上文，说明Porios在电脑方面的知识来源。C选项“Over the past few years, he has been teaching himself programming. (在过去的几年里，他一直自学编程。)”正好说明了这一点，表明Porios是通过自学获得了电脑方面的知识。故选C。 2．上文“We have been hearing about the potential of online education for decades. (几十年来，我们一直在听说在线教育的潜力。)”指出在线教育的潜力，这里需要一个句子来承接上文，说明在线教育现在的发展情况。A选项“Finally, it has taken a giant leap forward.”(最后，它取得了巨大的飞跃。)正好符合这一点，表明在线教育现在取得了显著的进步。故选A。 3．下文提到“Ng was amazed. ‘It would take me 250 years to teach this many people at Stanford,’ he says.(Ng很惊讶。“在斯坦福大学，我要花250年才能教这么多人，”他说。)”指出Ng对于能够教众多人这件事表示惊讶，因此这里需要一个句子来引出Ng的惊讶，说明他为什么会惊讶。F选项“Ng’s course in machine learning attracted 104,000 enrollees (入学者) around the world. (Ng的机器学习课程吸引了来自世界各地的104000名入学者。) ”符合题意，表明Ng的课程吸引了大量的学生，这让他感到惊讶。故选F。 4．上文提到“According to Ng, the world’s top 20 universities enroll only about 200,000 students. There are million more who could participate in classwork at the higher level, but most of them are far from any of the leading universities. (据Ng所言，世界排名前20的大学仅招收大约20万名学生。还有数百万人有能力参与更高水平的课程学习，但他们中的大多数人都远离任何一所顶尖大学。)”指出数百万人有能力参与更高水平的课程学习，但他们中的大多数人都远离任何一所顶尖大学。D选项“Just the opposite, Coursera’s approach is a long way from a simple online video lecture. (恰恰相反，Coursera的方式远不止于简单的在线视频讲座。)”与前文构成转折关系，表明Coursera提供了一种不同于传统在线视频讲座的教育方式，使得远离顶尖大学的人也有机会接受高质量的教育。故选D。 Passage 3 What Makes You Want More and More? The Diderot effect is perhaps one of the most peculiar aspects of buyer behavior, namely the tendency to consume more and more. It has been named in honor of Denis Diderot, the 18th-century French writer and philosopher. The effect was first described in Diderot’s essay “Regrets on Parting with My Old Dressing Gown.” Here he tells how the gift of a beautiful red gown leads to unexpected results, eventually plunging him into debt. Initially pleased with the gift, Diderot came to regret his new gown. 1 He replaced his old straw chair, for example, with an armchair covered in leather; his formerly beloved prints were replaced with more costly prints, and so on. “I was absolute master of my old dressing gown,” Diderot writes, “but I have become a slave to my new one...” 2 Oftentimes people feel the need to surround themselves with goods that match in terms of value. Advertising, media and social environment often push us to buy things that we have not considered buying at all. This consumer buying behavior is pretty common. A person buys a new car and subsequently (随后) spends a large sum of money on a high-class audio system. Having bought an expensive sofa in the living room, a person starts to notice that the rest of his furniture looks rather old-fashioned compared to the new furnishings. 3 4 Still, in Becoming Minimalist, writer Joshua Becker has a few other suggestions. Buy things for their usefulness rather than their status. Stop trying to impress others with your stuff and start trying to impress them with your life. Remind yourself that possessions do not define you. Abundance (丰裕) of life is not found in the things that you own. Your possessions do not define you or your success — no matter what marketers try to tell you. A．Buying a man’s suit requires appropriate accessories (配饰) to match the look. B．The Diderot effect today refers to excessive consumerism. C．The famous French philosopher Denis Diderot lived nearly his entire life in poverty. D．Compared with his new dressing gown, the rest of his possessions began to seem cheap. E．Simply being aware of this phenomenon will probably go a long way toward preventing it. F．The Diderot Effect can also apply to the places we are familiar with, and even the people we know. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了过度消费的原因以及解决办法。 1．根据空格前的句子“Initially pleased with the gift, Diderot came to regret his new gown.(起初，狄德罗对这份礼物很满意，但后来他对自己的新睡衣感到后悔)”可知，空格处的句子应该接着解释他感到后悔的原因。D项“Compared with his new dressing gown, the rest of his possessions began to seem cheap.(与他的新睡衣相比，他的其他东西就显得便宜多了)”引出下文因新睡衣引起的过度购买，自己变成了新睡衣的奴隶，所以D项填入空格处，符合语境。故选D项。 2．空格处是该段的主题句。根据下文的内容“Oftentimes people feel the need to surround themselves with goods that match in terms of value. Advertising, media and social environment often push us to buy things that we have not considered buying at all.(人们常常觉得有必要让自己周围的商品在价值上相匹配。广告、媒体和社会环境经常促使我们购买我们根本没有考虑过的东西)”可知，本段主要是说人们经常会购买一些根本没有考虑过的东西导致过度消费。所以B项“The Diderot effect today refers to excessive consumerism.(今天的狄德罗效应指的是过度消费主义)”填入空格处，符合段落主题，概括本段内容。故选B项。 3．空格前的句子“A person buys a new car and subsequently (随后) spends a large sum of money on a high-class audio system. Having bought an expensive sofa in the living room, a person starts to notice that the rest of his furniture looks rather old-fashioned compared to the new furnishings.(一个人买了一辆新车，然后花了一大笔钱买了一套高级音响系统。在客厅里买了一张昂贵的沙发后，一个人开始注意到，与新家具相比，他的其他家具看起来相当过时)”讲述的是因购买新东西而引起的其它购买行为。空格处的句子也应该是接着列举类似现象。A项“Buying a man’s suit requires appropriate accessories (配饰) to match the look.(买一套男士西装需要合适的配饰来搭配)”呼应上文，符合语境。故选A项。 4．根据空格后的句子“Still, in Becoming Minimalist, writer Joshua Becker has a few other suggestions.(不过，在《成为极简主义者》一书中，作家约书亚·贝克尔提出了一些其他建议)”可知，空格处的句子也应该是防止过度消费的建议。所以，E项“Simply being aware of this phenomenon will probably go a long way toward preventing it.(只要意识到这一现象，就可能对预防它大有帮助)”指的是意识到过度消费的问题就可能预防，提供了一个简单但有效的解决方案来应对Diderot效应，引出下文提到的解决办法，符合语境。故选E项。 Passage 4 The Best Graduation Speech Ever Given I was humbled and honored to be asked by the president of this outstanding university to speak to you today. Who am I? I am Gavin Presgrave, and for the past 39 years, I have written graduation speeches for hundreds of celebrities and nervous valedictorians (告别演说者). 1 And, at the risk of bragging (吹嘘), I was the first graduation-speech writer to compare life to a book. If I’m know for anything, it’s for starting speeches by saying, “I promise to keep things short, as I’m sure you are all impatient to go forward to the wonderful lives I hope you will live.” I’m as proud of that. But perhaps my most famous work came during a commencement speech at Penn State in the spring of 1977. During that speech, given by someone whose name I forget, I first used the phrase “As I look out into this sea of eager faces …” And that “sea of faces” thing was a real game-changer in the world of graduation-speech writing. 2 In 1997, I won a Herman (our version of Oscar) for Best Use of a Children’s Author Quote. That same year, I was nominated for Best Opening Joke, which went like, “Oh, no! We’re all wearing the same gown! How embarrassing!” It was a crowd-pleaser. So what have I learned during my career? 3 I’m not sure, but I’m nevertheless reminded of the day my mother died. Moments before her passing, she told me life was a book and even the saddest of chapters shall come to an end. If you can read the sad chapters rapidly and the happy chapters slowly, then your life will be a worthwhile one. Most of you have no idea what lies ahead or what course your lives will take — two other ways of saying future. I know this. 4 We may not need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows, but it can’t hurt to carry an umbrella. As I once said, “Tomorrow is a gift wrapped in time. Now is the time to open it.” You are all about to open new chapters of your own books. Shall we turn that page together? A．What should a good graduation speech be like? B．Yes, I’m proud and humbled to say that I’ve won several awards for my graduation speeches. C．But my life path has not always been smooth. D．What important lesson can I pass along? E．For decades, I have come up with new ways to say future. F．The journey you’re about to start will be filled with twists and turns. 【答案】1．E 2．B 3．D 4．F 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一位资深的毕业演讲稿撰写者，分享了自己在撰写演讲稿方面的经历、成就以及从中领悟到的人生哲理，并鼓励毕业生勇敢开启人生新篇章。 1．由上文“I was humbled and honored to be asked by the president of this outstanding university to speak to you today. Who am I? I am Gavin Presgrave, and for the past 39 years, I have written graduation speeches for hundreds of celebrities and nervous valedictorians(告别演说者).(今天，这所杰出大学的校长邀请我来给大家演讲，我感到十分荣幸。我是谁？我是加文·普雷斯格雷夫，在过去的39年里，我为数百名名人和紧张的告别演说者撰写了毕业演讲稿。)”及下文“And, at the risk of bragging (吹嘘), I was the first graduation-speech writer to compare life to a book.(而且，恕我直言，我是第一个将人生比作一本书的毕业演讲稿撰稿人。)”可知，本空应引出作者在撰写毕业演讲稿方面的丰富经验，承接前文和后文。E选项“For decades, I have come up with new ways to say future.(几十年来，我想出了许多表达“未来”的新方式。)”可知，几十年来作者在毕业演讲中不断探索新的表达方式，能承上启下，符合题意。故选E。 2．由上文“But perhaps my most famous work came during a commencement speech at Penn State in the spring of 1977. During that speech, given by someone whose name I forget, I first used the phrase “As I look out into this sea of eager faces...” And that “sea of faces” thing was a real game-changer in the world of graduation-speed writing.(但也许我最著名的作品是1977年春天在宾夕法尼亚州立大学的一次毕业典礼上的演讲。在那次演讲中，演讲者的名字我忘了，我第一次使用了“当我望向这一片渴望的面孔之海……”这个短语，而“面孔之海”这个短语在毕业演讲写作领域确实是一个改变游戏规则的存在。)”及下文“In 1997, I won a Herman (our version of Oscar) for Best Use of a Children’s Author Quote. That same year, I was nominated for Best Opening Joke, which went like, “Oh, no! We’re all wearing the same gown! How embarrassing!” It was a crowd-pleaser.(1997年，我凭借对儿童作家名言的最佳运用获得了赫尔曼奖（我们的奥斯卡奖）。同年，我因最佳开场笑话而获得提名，笑话是这样的：“哦，不！我们都穿着同样的长袍！太尴尬了！”这个笑话很受欢迎。)”可知，本空应强调作者在毕业演讲写作领域获得的成就，承接下文。B选项“Yes, I’m proud and humbled to say that I’ve won several awards for my graduation speeches.(是的，我很自豪也很谦卑地说，我的毕业演讲获得了多个奖项。)”可知，作者因毕业演讲获得了多个奖项，能承上启下，符合题意。故选B。 3．由上文“So what have I learned during my career?(那么，在我的职业生涯中，我学到了什么呢？)”及下文“I’m not sure, but I’m nevertheless reminded of the day my mother died. Moments before her passing, she told me life was a book and even the saddest of chapters shall come to an end. If you can read the sad chapters rapidly and the happy chapters slowly, then your life will be a worthwhile one.(我不确定，但我还是想起了母亲去世的那一天。在她去世前的那一刻，她告诉我，生活是一本书，即使是最悲伤的章节也会结束。如果你能快速阅读悲伤的章节，慢慢阅读快乐的章节，那么你的人生将是值得的。)”可知，本空应引出作者从职业生涯中学到的教训或经验。D选项“What important lesson can I pass along?(我能传授什么重要的经验教训呢？)”可知，作者在思考自己能传授什么重要的经验教训，能承上启下，符合题意。故选D。 4．由上文“Most of you have no idea what lies ahead or what course your lives will take—two other ways of saying future. I know this.(你们大多数人都不知道未来会发生什么，也不知道你们的人生会走什么样的路——这是未来的另外两种说法。我知道这一点。)”及下文“We may not need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows, but it can’t hurt to carry an umbrella. As I once said, “Tomorrow is a gift wrapped in time. Now is the time to open it.”(我们可能不需要天气预报员来知道风吹的方向，但带把伞也无妨。正如我曾经说过的，“明天是时间包裹的礼物。现在是打开它的时候了。”)”可知，本空应强调未来的不确定性。F选项“The journey you’re about to start will be filled with twists and turns.(你们即将开始的旅程将充满曲折。)”可知，作者提醒听众未来的旅程充满未知和挑战，能承上启下，符合题意。故选F。 Passage 5 How Can I Fight Laziness? Lazy people will never amount to anything in life. However, laziness can be defeated once a few changes have been made in your mind. 1 . Many people lack sleep constantly, since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work. These people have little motivation once they arrive home. Laziness works hand in hand with a lack of motivation and a tendency to put off things. By adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest, you can fight laziness throughout the day. Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active. Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task. Others take a more proactive approach, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone. 2 . Some people fight laziness by removing the temptations (诱惑) that surround them. A television in the living room may provide entertainment, but watching too much TV often contributes to laziness. 3 . Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy, such as a good dinner or a film. Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home. Couples and children may all have different energy levels, but laziness can be spread if not dealt with immediately. 4 . Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others in the home may eventually follow your example and perform their own task. It is difficult to practice laziness when you are surrounded by motivated people. Finally, taking exercise regularly can help you fight laziness. Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle, thus enabling you to have more energy and help lift your spirits. A．To fight family laziness, set an example. B．Knowing how to fight laziness is important. C．One way to fight laziness is to get enough sleep. D．With strong determination, you will be able to achieve your goal. E．Laziness sets in when you no longer feel in charge of your own life. F．Create a reward system for yourself, just as parents do for a child. 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．F 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了如何克服懒惰。首先点明懒惰会让人一事无成，但通过思维转变可以战胜它，随后从“保证充足睡眠、变被动为主动、远离诱惑并建立奖励机制、为家人树立榜样、定期锻炼”五个方面给出具体方法. 1．下文“Many people lack sleep constantly, since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work. These people have little motivation once they arrive home. Laziness works hand in hand with a lack of motivation and a tendency to put off things. By adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest, you can fight laziness throughout the day.(很多人长期睡眠不足，因为他们熬夜太晚，又早起准备工作。这些人一旦到家就没什么动力。懒惰与缺乏动力和拖延倾向密切相关。通过调整作息，多获得几个小时的有效休息，你就能一整天都对抗懒惰。)”围绕“睡眠不足导致懒惰”及“调整作息克服懒惰”展开；结合下文“Another way...”“Some people fight laziness by...”等分点结构，空处需要一句点明“保证睡眠是克服懒惰的一种方法”的总起句。选项C“克服懒惰的一种方法是保证充足的睡眠。”直接点明该段核心主题，下文的“睡眠不足的危害”“调整作息的建议”都是对该方法的具体阐述，逻辑连贯。故选C。 2．上文“Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active. Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task. Others take a more proactive approach, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone.(另一种克服懒惰的方法是将思维从被动转变为主动。有些人对待生活就像被推着完成一个又一个任务。另一些人则采取更积极主动的态度，将每项任务视为必须独自克服的挑战。)”对比了“被动”与“主动”两种生活态度；空处需要一句承接“被动态度”，说明其与“懒惰”关联的句子。选项E“当你不再觉得自己能掌控自己的生活时，懒惰就会滋生。”解释了“被动态度”（无法掌控生活）会导致懒惰，与上文“被动对待任务”形成逻辑呼应，同时突出了“主动掌控生活”对克服懒惰的重要性，契合段落主题。故选E。 3．上文“Some people fight laziness by removing the temptations（诱惑）that surround them. A television in the living room may provide entertainment, but watching too much TV often contributes to laziness.(有些人通过摆脱周围的诱惑来克服懒惰。客厅里的电视可能能提供娱乐，但看太多电视往往会导致懒惰)”提出“摆脱诱惑”的方法；下文“Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy, such as a good dinner or a film.(完成几项任务后，用你喜欢的东西奖励自己，比如一顿丰盛的晚餐或一部电影。)”则介绍了“奖励自己”的具体做法。空处需要一句衔接“摆脱诱惑”与“自我奖励”，且点明“建立奖励机制”的句子。选项F“就像父母对孩子那样，为自己建立一个奖励机制。”直接点明“自我奖励”的核心，下文的“完成任务后奖励自己”是该机制的具体体现，既补充了“克服诱惑”的辅助方法，又让建议更具操作性，符合逻辑。故选F。 4．上文“Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home. Couples and children may all have different energy levels, but laziness can be spread if not dealt with immediately.(懒惰在家里也可能是一个长期存在的问题。夫妻和孩子的精力水平可能各不相同，但如果不立即处理，懒惰可能会蔓延。)”指出“家庭中的懒惰问题”及危害；下文“Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others in the home may eventually follow your example and perform their own task.(饭后主动第一个收拾碗筷。家里的其他人最终可能会以你为榜样，完成自己的任务。)”给出了“主动做事、树立榜样”的具体做法。空处需要一句点明“家庭中克服懒惰需树立榜样”的总起句。选项A“要克服家庭中的懒惰，就要树立榜样。”直接点明该段主题，下文的“主动收拾碗筷”“他人跟随榜样”都是对该方法的具体说明，逻辑连贯且贴合“家庭场景”。故选A。 二、人与社会 Passage 1 The man who organized meals for children all over the world In a remote Scottish valley stands a small iron shed (简易房) that is affecting the lives of a million children thousands of kilometres away. The shed was the birthplace in 2002 of a t f a tiny charity called Mary's Meals, run by a man called Magnus MacFarlane-Barrow. 1 During one trip in 2002, he was being shown round a school by a local teacher, when he asked a young boy of 14 what his dreams were. The boy said, ‘to have enough food to eat and to go to school.’ Magnus realised there and then that providing school meals could transform life for children all over the developing world. As he researched it over a lengthy period, Magnus found that many children around the world were going to school without having had any breakfast, ‘and they weren’t getting anything at school-so it would be evening before they got fed,’ Magnus says. 2 At the last count, Mary’s Meals was working in 1,300 schools in 12 countries across four continents, providing school meals to 996,926 children each day. “You find that when school dinners are provided, enrolment increases by around 18%,’ says Magnus. “In the short term that can be problematic, but in the long term it’s fantastic,’ he adds. ‘And attendance rates go up too, because in many schools children are enrolled but don’t attend school very often, and that changes once they know they will be fed. 3 ’ Magnus’s main focus, however, remains more global. 4 There are, he says, an enormous number of children across the world who are not in school because of hunger and poverty. ‘In many ways, I feel we are just beginning.’ A．He is delighted with the way things have gone so far, but says there’s a great deal that remains to be done. B．The incident attracted a lot of attention, which Magnus admits was not unwelcome. C．Magnus used to work for a large humanitarian organization, and this job took him all over the world. D．And academic performance also improves a lot because now not only are children coming in to school, they are also not hungry in lessons. E．The sums involved are still enough to have a significant impact, though. F．He felt that was a terrible situation and knew that changing it would make a big difference. 【答案】1．C 2．F 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了Magnus MacFarlane-Barrow创立慈善组织Mary’s Meals的故事，该组织通过为发展中国家的儿童提供校餐，改善了他们的生活，提高了入学率和出勤率，并取得了显著的全球影响。 1．下文“During one trip in 2002, he was being shown round a school by a local teacher, when he asked a young boy of 14 what his dreams were. (在2002年的一次旅行中，一位当地老师带他参观了一所学校，他问一个14岁的小男孩他的梦想是什么。)”提到了马格努斯过去的行程经历，所以C选项“马格努斯曾为一家大型人道主义组织工作，这份工作让他走遍了世界各地。”能概括下文内容，符合语境。故选C项。 2．上文“As he researched it over a lengthy period, Magnus found that many children around the world were going to school without having had any breakfast, ‘and they weren’t getting anything at school-so it would be evening before they got fed,’ Magnus says. (马格努斯对这个问题进行了很长一段时间的研究，他发现世界各地的许多孩子上学时都不吃早餐，“他们在学校什么也没吃，所以要到晚上才能吃到饭。”)”提到了马格努斯发现孩子们不吃早饭的情况，选项F中that是关键词，指代上文提到的孩子们不吃早饭的情况，所以F选项“他觉得这是一个可怕的情况，知道改变它会带产生很大的影响。”能总结上文内容，构成顺承关系。故选F项。 3．上文“And attendance rates go up too, because in many schools children are enrolled but don’t attend school very often, and that changes once they know they will be fed. (出勤率也会上升，因为在许多学校，孩子们入学了，但不经常上学，一旦他们知道自己会有饭吃，情况就会改变。)”主要讨论了提供学校餐食后，入学率和出勤率的提高。接下来，作者可能会进一步讨论提供餐食对学生的其他积极影响，尤其是学术表现方面的改善，所以D选项“学习成绩也有了很大的提高，因为现在不仅孩子们来上学，他们在课堂上也不饿了。”能承接上文。故选D项。 4．下文“There are, he says, an enormous number of children across the world who are not in school because of hunger and poverty. ‘In many ways, I feel we are just beginning.’ (他说，世界上有大量儿童因为饥饿和贫困而失学。在很多方面，我觉得我们才刚刚开始。)”可以看出，马格努斯的关注点是全球范围内的儿童教育问题，特别是因为饥饿和贫困而无法上学的儿童。A选项“他对迄今为止的进展感到高兴，但表示还有很多工作要做。”与下文“In many ways, I feel we are just beginning. (在很多方面，我觉得我们才刚刚开始。)”相呼应，符合语境。故选A项。 Passage 2 Why Monday Is the Most Misunderstood Day When the Boomtown Rats, an Irish band, released “Don’t Like Mondays” in 1979, the song became an instant hit. The inspiration behind it was the Cleveland Elementary School shooting in San Diego that year. The 16-year-old perpetrator listed “not liking Mondays” as her main reason for firing 36 shots, killing two adults and injuring eight children and a police officer. This is not, though, why the song resonated with millions of people around the world. 1 What many do recognize all too well is the difficulty of summoning the energy to get out of bed on Monday mornings in order to face the week ahead. Many bosses argue that starting off the week in person in the office creates good energy. They think that the initial meeting in the office can boost morale and encourage teamwork, which is essential for a productive work environment. 2 A paper published in 2021 by the Journal of Applied Psychology provides some insight into this debate. The study found that people tend to be more ill-mannered on Mondays, possibly due to the transition from a relaxed weekend to a busy work schedule, and grow more courteous and more engaged with their work as the week unfolds and employees settle into their routines. Another paper from 2015 by Yun Tae Hwang and Amy Kang published in the Medical Journal of Australia goes so far as to diagnose a new condition, Mondayitis. 3 These symptoms typically appear on the first working day after a period off work, which could be a weekend or a longer holiday. They can lead sufferers to call in sick, decide to work from home or, if they do show up in the office, come across as detached and unavailable. So much for good energy. 4 Some Americans now complain of “Sunday scaries”, when pre-Monday dread sets in as the weekend draws to a close. Both conditions can be aggravated by a weekend hangover, a looming deadline or painful memories. They are likely to be particularly acute among the nearly half of American workers who, according to a poll from 2022 conducted by UKG, an HR-software company, hate their jobs. A．Most of them are in all likelihood unaware of its tragic origins. B．Mondayitis appears to be contagious, infecting other days of the week. C．While this approach is favored by some, plenty of employees beg to differ. D．They are highly motivated in all walks of life, and even somewhat workaholic. E．The condition is not just a figment of the imagination but has real physiological effects. F．It is defined as “a systemic illness with symptoms including fatigue, irritability or light-headedness”. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．F 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了为何星期一是最被误解的一天及其原因。 1．由上文“When the Boomtown Rats, an Irish band, released “Don’t Like Mondays” in 1979, the song became an instant hit. The inspiration behind it was the Cleveland Elementary School shooting in San Diego that year. The 16-year-old perpetrator listed “not liking Mondays” as her main reason for firing 36 shots, killing two adults and injuring eight children and a police officer. This is not, though, why the song resonated with millions of people around the world. (1979 年，爱尔兰乐队the Boomtown Rats 发行了《不喜欢星期一》，这首歌立刻大受欢迎。这首歌背后的灵感来自于当年圣地亚哥的克利夫兰小学枪击案。这名 16 岁的作案者将“不喜欢星期一”列为她开枪 36 次的主要原因，导致两名成年人死亡，八名儿童和一名警察受伤。不过，这并不是这首歌能引起全球数百万人共鸣的原因。)”及下文“What many do recognize all too well is the difficulty of summoning the energy to get out of bed on Monday mornings in order to face the week ahead. (很多人非常清楚的是，在周一早上鼓起精力起床去面对新的一周是多么困难。)”可知，上文提到这首歌并非因为那场悲剧事件而广受欢迎，下文解释是因为人们普遍对周一早晨起床面对一周工作的困难感同身受而喜欢这首歌。本空应解释听众可能并不了解这首歌的悲剧起源。A选项“Most of them are in all likelihood unaware of its tragic origins. (他们中的大多数人很可能不知道它的悲惨起源。)”能承接上文关于这首歌受欢迎原因不是其背后的悲剧事件，又能引出下文人们对周一起床困难的共鸣，符合题意。故选A。 2．由上文“Many bosses argue that starting off the week in person in the office creates good energy. They think that the initial meeting in the office can boost morale and encourage teamwork, which is essential for a productive work environment. (许多老板认为，周一亲自到办公室上班能营造良好的氛围。他们认为办公室的首次会议可以鼓舞士气，鼓励团队合作，这对高效的工作环境至关重要。)”及下文“A paper published in 2021 by the Journal of Applied Psychology provides some insight into this debate.（《应用心理学杂志》2021 年发表的一篇论文为这场辩论提供了一些见解。)”可知，上文提到许多老板认为周一在办公室开会可以提升士气、促进团队合作。下文描述了对这场辩论的新见解，这里需要一个转折句来引出员工的不同看法，从而引发后面的辩论。C选项“While this approach is favored by some, plenty of employees beg to differ. (虽然这种方法受到一些人的青睐，但很多员工却不这么认为。)”能很好地承接上文老板的观点，并引出下文关于这一观点的辩论，符合题意。故选C。 3．由上文“Another paper from 2015 by Yun Tae Hwang and Amy Kang published in the Medical Journal of Australia goes so far as to diagnose a new condition, Mondayitis. (2015 年，Yun Tae Hwang和Amy Kang在《澳大利亚医学杂志》上发表的另一篇论文甚至诊断出了一种新的病症——Mondayitis。)”可知，上文提到一篇论文诊断了一种名为“Mondayitis”的新病症。这里需要一个句子来具体描述这种病症的症状。F选项“It is defined as “a systemic illness with symptoms including fatigue, irritability or light-headedness”.(它被定义为“一种全身性疾病，症状包括疲劳、易怒或头晕”。)”符合对“Mondayitis”症状描述的语境，能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 4．由下文“Some Americans now complain of “Sunday scaries”, when pre-Monday dread sets in as the weekend draws to a close. (一些美国人现在抱怨“Sunday scaries”，当周末接近尾声时，对周一的恐惧就开始了。)”可知，本空应进一步说明“Mondayitis”的影响已经不局限于周一。B选项“Mondayitis appears to be contagious, infecting other days of the week. (周一病似乎具有传染性，会影响到一周中的其他日子。)”能很好地引出下文“周日恐惧症”这种对周一恐惧提前到周日的情况，符合题意。故选B。 Passage 3 People with a sweet tooth may also be sweeter people Research has shown that a preference for sweet foods is associated with agreeableness. 1 These links can be explained based on conceptual metaphor theory (概念隐喻理论). 2 According to the theory, metaphoric mappings are cognitive (认知的) associations, often learned through experience, that finally allow people to think about abstract concepts in terms that are more readily noticeable, such as taste. A new journal article published this week aimed to examine whether the association between sweet taste preferences and agreeableness occurs across cultures. 3 Participants completed a 10-item agreeableness scale that asked them how much certain statements describe them using a 1 (very inaccurate) to 5 (very accurate) scale, for example “sympathize with others’ feelings,” “take time out for others,” “have a soft heart”. Participants also completed a sweet taste preference scale, which had ten items (e. g. candy, chocolate cake, honey, etc.)that they rated using a 1 (dislike strongly) to 6 (like strongly) scale. Additionally, participants rated how much they liked five taste types: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and spicy. 4 Particularly, people who like sweet foods are more likely to “sympathize with others’ feelings,” “take time out for others,” “have a soft heart,” and so on. Therefore, the study’s results suggest that people across cultures use sweet taste experiences to understand or conceptualize niceness in line with the theory framework. A．The association matches terms sometimes used to describe kind and nice people (“sweet” or “sweetie”). B．It reveals a cross-cultural evidence of sweet taste preferences. C．To answer this question, the study tested 1650 participants from four countries. D．As the findings suggested, significant connection between agreeableness and the two measures of taste preferences exists across all samples, contrasting the earlier findings. E．The central idea of it is that metaphors map abstract concepts (e. g. niceness) on more specific areas (e. g. sweet taste experiences) to aid understanding. F．The study found that agreeableness was positively related with the two different measures of sweet taste preferences in all the samples. 【答案】1．A 2．E 3．C 4．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了喜欢甜食的人也可能是更和善的人，并通过概念隐喻理论进行解释，最后通过实验验证这一结论。 1．根据上文“Research has shown that a preference for sweet foods is associated with agreeableness.(研究表明，对甜食的偏好与随和有关)”以及后文“These links can be explained based on conceptual metaphor theory (概念隐喻理论).(这些联系可以基于概念隐喻理论来解释)”可知，此处应是在说明这种联系是什么，故A选项“这种关联与有时用来描述善良和善良的人的词语（“sweet”或“sweetie”）相吻合”符合语境，故选A。 2．根后文“According to the theory, metaphoric mappings are cognitive (认知的) associations, often learned through experience, that finally allow people to think about abstract concepts in terms that are more readily noticeable, such as taste.(根据这一理论，隐喻映射是一种认知关联，通常是通过经验习得的，它最终允许人们用更容易察觉的术语来思考抽象概念，比如味道)”可知，空处提到了一种理论，故E选项“其核心思想是，隐喻将抽象概念（如善意）映射到更具体的领域（如甜味体验），以帮助理解”符合语境，故选E。 3．根据上文“A new journal article published this week aimed to examine whether the association between sweet taste preferences and agreeableness occurs across cultures.(本周发表的一篇新期刊文章旨在研究甜味偏好和亲和性之间的联系是否在不同文化中都存在)”以及后文“Participants completed a 10-item agreeableness scale that asked them how much certain statements describe them using a 1 (very inaccurate) to 5 (very accurate) scale, for example “sympathize with others’ feelings,” “take time out for others,” “have a soft heart”. Participants also completed a sweet taste preference scale, which had ten items (e. g. candy, chocolate cake, honey, etc.) that they rated using a 1 (dislike strongly) to 6 (like strongly) scale. Additionally, participants rated how much they liked five taste types: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and spicy.(参与者完成了一份包含10个项目的宜人性量表，该量表要求他们用1（非常不准确）到5（非常准确）的量表来衡量某些陈述在多大程度上描述了他们，例如“同情他人的感受”、“为他人抽出时间”、“有一颗柔软的心”。参与者还完成了一份甜味偏好量表，其中有10种物品（如糖果、巧克力蛋糕、蜂蜜等），他们用1（非常不喜欢）到6（非常喜欢）的等级给它们打分。此外，参与者还对五种口味的喜好程度进行了打分：甜、酸、咸、苦和辣)”可知，上文提到“甜味偏好和亲和性之间的联系是否在不同文化中都存在”，下文提到了结果，故此处应是在说为了研究这个问题，研究人员做了什么，故C选项“为了回答这个问题，这项研究测试了来自四个国家的1650名参与者”符合语境，故选C。 4．根据后文“Particularly, people who like sweet foods are more likely to “sympathize with others’ feelings,” “take time out for others,” “have a soft heart,” and so on. Therefore, the study’s results suggest that people across cultures use sweet taste experiences to understand or conceptualize niceness in line with the theory framework.(特别是，喜欢甜食的人更有可能“同情别人的感受”，“为别人抽出时间”，“有一颗柔软的心”，等等。因此，该研究的结果表明，不同文化的人都使用甜味体验来理解或概念化符合理论框架的美好)”可知，后文提到喜欢甜食的人更有可能“同情别人的感受”，“为别人抽出时间”，“有一颗柔软的心”，说明喜欢甜食的人更有可能更有亲和性。故F选项“研究发现，在所有样本中，亲和性与两种不同的甜味偏好呈正相关”符合语境，故选F。 Passage 4 Stella McCartney’s Fashion Revolution The world of fashion has always been a fascinating realm, constantly evolving and reinventing itself. One name that has recently been making waves is Stella McCartney. When models walked down the runway wearing McCartney’s latest collection, the audience was captivated. The designs were a unique blend of modern aesthetics and sustainable materials. A particular dress made from recycled plastic bottles caught everyone’s eye. It shone under the lights, looking as glamorous as any dress made from traditional fabrics. Stella McCartney was born into a family with deep roots in the creative industries. Her father was Paul McCartney of the Beatles, a legendary figure in the music world. Growing up in such an environment, Stella was exposed to art, music, and fashion from a young age. 1 She decided to focus on fashion design, with a strong emphasis on environmental consciousness. She started her career by working with some of the top fashion houses in London. During this time, she learned the skills and improved her abilities. 2 In 2001, she launched her own brand, which was an instant hit. Her designs were not only stylish but also carried a message of sustainability. For example, she replaced leather with innovative vegan materials that looked and felt just like the real thing. In 2010, Stella was invited to collaborate with a major sportswear brand. This partnership brought her designs to a wider audience. 3 Her sportswear line was both functional and fashionable, appealing to athletes and fashion enthusiasts alike. It was a huge success, and she received rave reviews from critics and consumers. Today, Stella McCartney is a globally recognized name. Her brand is known for its commitment to sustainability and high-quality design. However, some might assume that her designs are only for a small group of people. 4 She has collections that range from haute couture to ready-to-wear, and her clothing can be seen on red carpets as well as on the streets. Whether it’s a beautiful evening gown or a casual T-shit Stella McCartney’s designs have something for everyone A．After that, she continued to expand her brand, introducing new collections every season. B．In fact, from the very beginning, she had a clear vision of what she wanted to achieve in fashion. C．It was not an easy journey, but she persevered and finally achieved her goal. D．Yet her work caters to a wide range of consumers with different tastes. E．Then, she gradually built up her reputation until she became famous. F．As a result, her brand gained even more popularity and her influence spread further. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．F 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了著名服装设计师Stella McCartney的生平和成就。她出生于艺术世家，自幼对艺术、音乐和时尚耳濡目染，长大后专注于环保意识浓厚的服装设计，从与顶级时尚品牌合作到创立自己的品牌，再到与运动品牌合作，一步步扩大了品牌影响力，其设计风格多样，满足了不同消费者的需求。 1．根据上文“Growing up in such an environment, Stella was exposed to art, music, and fashion from a young age.(在这样的环境中长大，斯特拉从小就接触艺术、音乐和时尚)” 以及下文“She decided to focus on fashion design, with a strong emphasis on environmental consciousness.(她决定专注于时尚设计，并高度重视环保意识)”可知，此处应体现她对自己在时尚领域想要达成的目标有清晰的规划，与B项“In fact, from the very beginning, she had a clear vision of what she wanted to achieve in fashion.(事实上，从一开始，她就对自己在时尚领域想要实现的目标有清晰的愿景)”表述相符，故选B项。 2．根据上文“She started her career by working with some of the top fashion houses in London. During this time, she learned the skills and improved her abilities(她在伦敦一些顶级时装公司开始了她的职业生涯。在此期间，她学习了技能并提高了自己的能力)”以及下文“In 2001, she launched her own brand(在2001年，她推出了自己的品牌)”可知上文提到她开始了职业生涯，在伦敦的一些顶级时装公司工作期间学习技能并提高能力。下文提到了她在经过努力之后的结果，可推理出空白处应对这段经历进行评价或引出这段奋斗经历的结果，这与选项C“It was not an easy journey, but she persevered and finally achieved her goal(这并不是一段容易的旅程，但她坚持不懈，最终实现了目标)”相吻合，故选C项。 3．根据上文提到“In 2010, Stella was invited to collaborate with a major sportswear brand. This partnership brought her designs to a wider audience(2010 年，斯特拉受邀与一家大型运动服装品牌合作。这种合作关系将她的设计带给了更广泛的受众)”可知，F项“As a result, her brand gained even more popularity and her influence spread further.(结果，她的品牌获得了更高的人气，影响力也进一步扩大)”与上文构成因果关系，说明这种合作带来的积极影响，故选F项。 4．根据上文“However, some might assume that her designs are only for a small group of people.(然而，有些人可能会认为她的设计只针对一小部分人)”以及下文“She has collections that range from haute couture to ready - to - wear, and her clothing can be seen on red carpets as well as on the streets.(她的系列从高级定制到成衣，她的服装在红毯和街头都能看到)”可知上下文之间形成转折，D项“Yet her work caters to a wide range of consumers with different tastes(然而，她的作品迎合了具有不同品味的广泛消费者群体)”能够体现这种转折关系，解释说明她的设计并非只针对小部分人，而是受众广泛，故选D项。 Passage 5 Forget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Television is still the most influential medium around. Indeed, for many of the poorest regions of the world, it remains the next big thing — finally becomes globally available. And that is a good thing, because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better. 1 Across the developing world, around 45% of families had a TV in 1995; by 2005 the number had climbed above 60%. That is some way behind the U.S., where there are more TVs than people, and where people now easily get access to the Internet. 2 Five million more families in sub-Saharan Africa will get a TV over the next five years. In 2005, after the fall of the Taliban, which had outlawed TV, 1 in 5 Afghans had one. The global total is another 150 million by 2013 — pushing the numbers to well beyond two thirds of families. Television’s most powerful effect will be on the lives of women. 3 In India, researchers Robert Jensen and Emily Oster found that when TVs reached villages, women were more likely to go to the market without their husbands’ approval and less likely to want a boy rather than a girl. They were more likely to make decisions over child health care. TV is also a powerful medium for adult education. 4 In the Indian state of Gujarat, Chitrageet is a popular show that plays Hollywood songs with words in Gujarat on the screen. Within six months, viewers had made a small but significant improvement in their reading skills. Too much TV has been associated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide. A．The spread of TV brings not only entertainment but also social change. B．The number of households with TVs continues to grow rapidly. C．Some people argue that TV does more harm than good to children. D．This growth is not limited to any one region. E．For example, it can help improve literacy among adults. F．In some countries, TV is still considered a luxury item. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，短文介绍了电视仍是全球最具影响力的媒介，尤其在发展中国家迅速普及，且正通过推动社会变革和助力成人教育等方面，对数十亿人的生活产生积极影响。 1．根据下文“Across the developing world, around 45% of families had a TV in 1995; by 2005 the number had climbed above 60%.(在发展中国家，1995年约45%的家庭拥有电视；到2005年，这一比例已攀升至60%以上)”可知，空格处需总领本段核心内容——拥有电视的家庭数量持续增长。B选项“The number of households with TVs continues to grow rapidly.(拥有电视的家庭数量持续快速增长)”直接点明主题，“grows rapidly”与下文1995年到2005年的比例攀升数据形成呼应，起到引出具体数据的作用。故选B项。 2．根据上文“That is some way behind the U.S., where there are more TVs than people, and where people now easily get access to the Internet.(这与美国还有一定差距——美国的电视数量比人口还多，且人们现在能轻松上网)”及下文“Five million more families in sub-Saharan Africa will get a TV over the next five years. In 2005, after the fall of the Taliban, which had outlawed TV, 1 in 5 Afghans had one. The global total is another 150 million by 2013 — pushing the numbers to well beyond two thirds of families.(未来五年，撒哈拉以南非洲地区将有500多万家庭拥有电视。2005年，在宣布电视为非法的塔利班倒台后，每5个阿富汗人中就有1人拥有电视。到2013年，全球总数将再增加1.5亿，使这一数字远远超过三分之二的家庭)”可知，空格处需转折说明电视的增长并非局限于某一地区，而是全球范围内的趋势。D选项“This growth is not limited to any one region.(这种增长并非局限于某一个地区)”中“this growth”指代上文提到的“家庭电视数量增长”，“not limited to any one region”引出下文撒哈拉以南非洲、阿富汗等不同地区的增长数据，逻辑连贯。故选D项。 3．根据上文“Television’s most powerful effect will be on the lives of women.(电视最强大的影响将体现在女性的生活中)”及下文“In India, researchers Robert Jensen and Emily Oster found that when TVs reached villages, women were more likely to go to the market without their husbands’ approval and less likely to want a boy rather than a girl (在印度，研究人员罗伯特・詹森和埃米莉・奥斯特发现，当电视进入村庄后，女性更有可能在未经丈夫同意的情况下前往市场，而且更不倾向于重男轻女)”可知，空格处需承接“电视对女性的影响”，并点明这种影响是社会层面的变革。A选项“The spread of TV brings not only entertainment but also social change.(电视的普及不仅带来了娱乐，还带来了社会变革)”既呼应了前文“电视改变生活”的核心观点，又通过“social change”引出下文女性在自主权、生育观念等方面的具体变化，起到承上启下的作用。故选A项。 4．根据上文“TV is also a powerful medium for adult education.(电视也是成人教育的强大媒介)”及下文“In the Indian state of Gujarat, Chitrageet is a popular show that plays Hollywood songs with words in Gujarat on the screen. Within six months, viewers had made a small but significant improvement in their reading skills.(在印度古吉拉特邦，《奇特拉吉特》是一档热门节目，它会播放好莱坞歌曲，并在屏幕上配上古吉拉特语字幕。在六个月内，观众的阅读能力有了微小但显著的提升)”可知，空格处需举例说明电视在成人教育中的具体作用。E选项“For example, it can help improve literacy among adults.(例如，它可以帮助提高成人的识字率)”中“for example”明确表示举例，“improve literacy among adults”与下文“improvement in their reading skills”直接对应，精准支撑了“电视助力成人教育”的观点。故选E项。 三、人与自然 Passage 1 The biology of sleep: Forty thousand naps near the sea Sleep is a bit of an evolutionary mystery. A sleeping animal cannot look for food, defend its territory or flee from danger. The fact that sleep is nonetheless common among animals suggests its restorative powers are essential. So does the fact that, if laboratory animals are deprived of it for long enough, they die. Some animals, though, have developed unique ways to balance the need for sleep and the need for staying alert. Dolphins and ducks can sleep with only half their brains at a time, leaving the other half alert. 1 Chinstrap penguins (帽带企鹅), it seems, take their sleep in the form of thousands of tiny micro-naps. The researchers captured 14 penguins on King George Island, and their brain activity was tracked remotely through electrodes. While ducks sleep in long stretches, the researchers discovered that the penguins were napping for just a few seconds at a time, hundreds of times an hour. They offer two explanations for the penguins’ sleep patterns. The first is to do with external threats. Penguins often incubate (孵化) their eggs alone while their partners are away foraging for food. Colonies are threatened by brown skuas (棕贼鸥). 2 Broken sleep may be an evolutionarily smart way of getting some shut-eye during long egg-guarding watches while still remaining able to react to danger. 3 Birds with nests near the edge of the colony ought to be at greater risk than those in the centre. But birds on the edges of the colony seemed to enjoy longer and deeper naps than those near the middle. That leads to the second suggestion, which is to do with the penguins themselves. Penguin colonies are noisy, crowded places, and threats may come from within as well as without. 4 Birds in the bustling, crime-ridden centre of the colony may simply find it harder to get any shut-eye than those living in the safer, quieter suburbs. Choosing between those theories will require more research. Both, of course, could prove to be true. A．But that is complicated by another of the researchers’ findings. B．They are predatory birds that will gladly seize unattended eggs. C．Now a paper by Libourel and Lee reports another clever adaptation. D．The birds may readily steal nesting materials from unguarded neighbours, for instance. E．But the fact that the birds are able to incubate eggs under such conditions proves the naps useful. F．Like ducks, chinstrap penguins can sleep with either their whole brain or with just one hemisphere at a time. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了企鹅的睡眠方式是成千上万次的小憩，并解释其原因。 1．根据上文“Dolphins and ducks can sleep with only half their brains at a time, leaving the other half alert. (海豚和鸭子一次只能用一半的大脑睡觉，而另一半大脑则保持清醒。)”和下文“Chinstrap penguins (帽带企鹅), it seems, take their sleep in the form of thousands of tiny micro-naps. (帽带企鹅的睡眠方式是成千上万次的小憩。)”可知设空处应承上启下，所以C选项“现在，Libourel和Lee的一篇论文报告了另一种聪明的适应方法。”承接上文的睡觉方法，并引出下文帽带企鹅不同的睡眠方式。故选C。 2．根据上文“Penguins often incubate (孵化) their eggs alone while their partners are away foraging for food. Colonies are threatened by brown skuas (棕贼鸥). (企鹅经常在伴侣外出觅食时独自孵蛋。殖民地受到棕贼鸥的威胁。)”可推断下文应介绍棕贼鸥怎样威胁企鹅的殖民地的，B选项“它们是掠食性鸟类，会很高兴地抓住无人看管的蛋。”符合题意，并引出下文“Broken sleep may be an evolutionarily smart way of getting some shut-eye during long egg-guarding watches while still remaining able to react to danger. (从进化的角度来看，睡眠中断可能是一种聪明的方式，既能在长时间看守鸡蛋的过程中获得一些睡眠，又能对危险做出反应。) ”说明切的这种睡眠方式的好处。故选B。 3．根据下文“Birds with nests near the edge of the colony ought to be at greater risk than those in the centre. But birds on the edges of the colony seemed to enjoy longer and deeper naps than those near the middle. (在群体边缘筑巢的鸟比在中心筑巢的鸟面临更大的风险。但是边缘的鸟似乎比中间的鸟睡得更久、更深。)” 与上文提到的关于外部威胁影响企鹅睡眠模式的观点相矛盾，所以这是另一个发现带来的复杂情况，A 选项 “但研究人员的另一项发现使情况变得复杂了。”符合题意。所以选 A。 4．根据上文“Penguin colonies are noisy, crowded places, and threats may come from within as well as without. (企鹅群是嘈杂拥挤的地方，威胁可能来自内部也可能来自外部。) ”和下文“Birds in the bustling, crime-ridden centre of the colony may simply find it harder to get any shut-eye than those living in the safer, quieter suburbs. (在熙熙攘攘、犯罪猖獗的市中心，鸟类可能会比生活在更安全、更安静的郊区更难被闭上眼睛。)”可推知设空处是关于来自内部的威胁，D选项“例如，这些鸟可能很容易从无人看守的邻居那里偷走筑巢材料。”符合语境。故选D。 Passage 2 Is Tom Really the Natural Enemy of Jerry? I’ve seen such scenes for many times — some cats are not interested in catching mice, and even seem genuinely afraid of mice. How can a natural hunter be like this? Are mice really more aggressive now? 1 Some cats hunt and kill, others play with prey before killing it, and some, like mine, scamper up the stairs wailing at their own shadow. All cats, like people, have personalities and preferences. Moreover, it has much to do with the environment whether a cat is a qualified mice hunter. When cats live indoors and are not exposed to hunting or game, they may ignore mice. While they have natural hunting instincts, most cats are not professional mice hunters. Cats which live in a house are usually well-fed and will only pursue mice for fun. 2 However, cats have lightning-fast reflexes (本能反应) and frequently leap before they realize why, especially if something resembles the way a snake moves. 3 The truth is, they may never see one if they’ve always been in the house. Cats are highly alert to other creatures that could damage or kill them. Rats, on the other hand, are even more dangerous. A giant rat is not a prey that a cat would pursue. The rats’ bite could injure or infect the cat with a deadly disease. What can we do to naturally keep away from mice? Regarding which cat is the best for hunting mice, the cat breed is unimportant. 4 Get two of them, but ensure you are feeding them and providing them with medical treatment rather than simply employing them to kill mice and failing to care for them properly. A．A shelter cat which had previously lived outside is a good choice. B．Actually, it is mainly dependent on the cat. C．If they’ve never seen one, they’re correct to be suspicious! D．That is to say, if the cat is full, curiosity is the only motivation to deal with a moving creature. E．Most of the time, it’s not that the cat is afraid of such creatures. F．Cats are intelligent when deciding which target to follow and which to avoid. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了猫是否真的是老鼠的天敌这一问题，分析了猫捕鼠行为与其个性、环境以及本能反应的关系，并给出了如何自然驱鼠的建议。 1．上文“I’ve seen such scenes for many times — some cats are not interested in catching mice, and even seem genuinely afraid of mice. How can a natural hunter be like this? Are mice really more aggressive now?(我见过很多次这样的场景——有些猫对抓老鼠不感兴趣，甚至看起来真的很害怕老鼠。一个天生的猎手怎么会这样呢？现在老鼠真的更具攻击性了吗？)”提出了关于猫不捕鼠的疑问，并询问是否是因为老鼠变得更具攻击性。B选项“Actually, it is mainly dependent on the cat.(实际上，这主要取决于猫)”回答了上文的问题，指出猫是否捕鼠并非由老鼠的攻击性决定，而是主要取决于猫本身，同时引出下文“Some cats hunt and kill, others play with prey before killing it, and some, like mine, scamper up the stairs wailing at their own shadow. All cats, like people, have personalities and preferences.(有些猫会捕猎并杀死猎物，有些猫在杀死猎物之前会玩弄猎物，还有一些猫，比如我的猫，会冲上楼梯对着自己的影子哀号。所有的猫，就像人一样，都有自己的个性和偏好)”对猫个性差异的详细介绍，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。 2．上文“When cats live indoors and are not exposed to hunting or game, they may ignore mice. While they have natural hunting instincts, most cats are not professional mice hunters. Cats which live in a house are usually well-fed and will only pursue mice for fun.(当猫生活在室内，没有接触过狩猎或游戏时，它们可能会忽略老鼠。虽然它们有天生的狩猎本能，但大多数猫并不是专业的捕鼠者。养在家里的猫通常吃得很好，追逐老鼠只是为了好玩)”说明了室内猫通常不会认真捕鼠，只是出于好玩。D选项“That is to say, if the cat is full, curiosity is the only motivation to deal with a moving creature.(也就是说，如果猫吃饱了，好奇心就是它对付活动生物的唯一动力)”进一步解释了室内猫追逐老鼠的动机只是好奇心，与上文语意一致。故选D项。 3．上文“However, cats have lightning-fast reflexes (本能反应) and frequently leap before they realize why, especially if something resembles the way a snake moves.(然而，猫的反应速度极快，经常在意识到为什么之前就跳起来，尤其是当某物像蛇一样移动时)”描述了猫对类似蛇的移动物体的快速反应。C选项“If they’ve never seen one, they’re correct to be suspicious!(如果它们从未见过这样的东西，那么它们产生怀疑是对的！)”承接上文，解释了猫对未知或类似危险物体的警惕和怀疑态度是合理的，因为猫可能从未见过这样的东西。故选C项。 4．上文“What can we do to naturally keep away from mice? Regarding which cat is the best for hunting mice, the cat breed is unimportant.(我们能做些什么来自然地远离老鼠呢？关于哪种猫最适合捕鼠，猫的品种并不重要)”提出了如何自然驱鼠的问题，并指出猫的品种不是关键因素。A选项“A shelter cat which had previously lived outside is a good choice.(一只以前生活在户外的流浪猫是一个不错的选择)”给出了具体的建议，即选择有过户外生活经历的流浪猫来捕鼠，与上文关于如何驱鼠的话题紧密相关。故选A项。 Passage 3 Imagine living on the edge of a vast desert, which is moving quietly closer to your village every day and covering your fields. The desert is on the move. This is called desertification. Desertification occurs in regions close to an already existing desert. 1 . The first is over-use of water in the area. There is not enough water in any case, and if it is not carefully used, disaster can follow. As time goes on, water shortages make farming more and more difficult. In some places, locals can remember local lakes and marshes which were once the homes for all kinds of fish and birds. They ave been completely buried by the stand now. Farmers leave the land, and fields are replaced by deserts. The second cause is misuse or over-use of the land. 2 Ploughing large fields and removing bushes and trees means that the wind will blow away the soil. Once the soil is lost, it is hard to replace, and if there is rain, it has nowhere to go, and brings no benefit. 3 Every spring, the skies over some of eastern cities, thousands of kilometers away from the deserts, can be darkened by sandstorms. Dust from deserts can have a great effect on weather systems. While desertification is perhaps being partly caused by global warming., these sandstorms can make global warming worse by adding ti what is known as the greenhouse effect. What can be done to slow down or stop the process of desertification? A great deal of work is already under way. Obviously the first steps are to find new water sources. 4 Some types of grass also hold the soil together, and stop the wind taking it. Without these efforts, it will be harder and harder to stop the world’s deserts in their tracks, and more and more farmers will give up and head for cities. The lesson to be learnt lies beneath the sand. A．It generally arises from two related causes. B．It is not only the farmers and villagers who suffer. C．Scientists are doing the research on the cause of desertification. D．They destroy the land, as the oil dries out and is then blown away. E．Tree planting can help, by providing barriers between desert and rich field. F．This means that the wrong crops are planted, and need more water than is available. 【答案】1．A 2．F 3．B 4．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了荒漠化发生的原因以及减缓或阻止荒漠化的建议。 1．根据上文“Desertification occurs in regions close to an already existing desert.(荒漠化发生在靠近已经存在的沙漠的地区)”以及后文“The first is over-use of water in the area.(首先是该地区过度使用水资源)”以及第三段“The second cause is misuse or over-use of the land.(第二个原因是滥用或过度使用土地)”可知，上文提到了荒漠化发生的地区，后文则说明了引起荒漠化的两个原因，故A选项“它通常由两个相关的原因引起”符合语境，故选A。 2．根据上文“The second cause is misuse or over-use of the land.(第二个原因是滥用或过度使用土地)”以及后文“Ploughing large fields and removing bushes and trees means that the wind will blow away the soil. Once the soil is lost, it is hard to replace, and if there is rain, it has nowhere to go, and brings no benefit.(开垦大片的土地，清除灌木和树木意味着风会把土壤吹走。土壤一旦流失，就很难再补上，如果有雨水，就无处可去，也就没有什么好处了)”可知，上文提到了第二点原因是滥用或过度使用土地，故本句承接上文解释“滥用或过度使用土地”的含义；种植了错误的作物，需要的水比现有的多。故F选项“这意味着种植了错误的作物，需要的水比现有的多”符合语境，故选F。 3．根据后文“Every spring, the skies over some of eastern cities, thousands of kilometers away from the deserts, can be darkened by sandstorms. Dust from deserts can have a great effect on weather systems. While desertification is perhaps being partly caused by global warming., these sandstorms can make global warming worse by adding ti what is known as the greenhouse effect.(每年春天，一些远离沙漠数千公里的东部城市的天空都会因沙尘暴而变暗。来自沙漠的沙尘对天气系统有很大的影响。而荒漠化可能部分是由全球变暖造成的。这些沙尘暴会增加所谓的温室效应，从而加剧全球变暖)”可知，后文提到了沙尘暴会影响到城市以及加剧全球变暖，可知本句是在说明荒漠化影响到的其中一个群体：农民和村民，故B选项“受苦的不仅仅是农民和村民”符合语境，故选B。 4．根据上文“What can be done to slow down or stop the process of desertification? A great deal of work is already under way. Obviously the first steps are to find new water sources.(我们可以做些什么来减缓或阻止沙漠化的进程？大量的工作已经在进行中。显然，第一步是寻找新的水源)”以及后文“Some types of grass also hold the soil together, and stop the wind taking it. Without these efforts, it will be harder and harder to stop the world’s deserts in their tracks, and more and more farmers will give up and head for cities. The lesson to be learnt lies beneath the sand.(有些种类的草还能把土壤粘在一起，阻止风带走它。如果没有这些努力，将越来越难以阻止世界上的沙漠，越来越多的农民将放弃并前往城市。我们要吸取的教训藏在沙子下面)”可知，上文提到了第一步是寻找水源，后文提到了草可以防止荒漠化，可知本句提出的建议是种植植物。故E选项“种植植物可以提供帮助，因为它在沙漠和肥沃的田地之间提供屏障”符合语境，故选E。 Passage 4 Innovations in Food Production: Cultivated Meat Innovators in the United States and around the world will soon bring to market new and transformative products that have the ability to reshape animal agriculture as we know it. Consumers will be able to purchase meat and other animal-derived foods without supporting cruel, unclean, and unsafe factory farms and slaughterhouses. Cultivated meat — also referred to as slaughter-free meat or cell-based meat, is just that — animal meat produced from animals’ cells, without having to raise and kill living, feeling beings. 1 We do not need to rely on this flawed industrial system. Cultivated meat production will remove the need to crowd thousands of animals into cages and crowded barns, and of course would not require billions of animals to be slaughtered each year. The cell culturing process — similar to those used in making beer and cheese — can replace factory farms and eliminate the need to slaughter animals. Not only will cultivated meat production cut out the cruelty and suffering inherent in industrial factory farming, it promises to dramatically reduce environmental impacts. 2 They place these dangerous substances in massive “lagoons” that dot the American landscape. These waste lagoons threaten the public health and often spill over to pollute miles of waterways and kill countless wild animals. These lagoons are entirely absent from cultivated meat production. Absent too would be the bad smells and other harmful air pollutants local communities have to endure thanks to factory farms. And factory farms have to use huge amounts of antibiotics and other drugs to prevent and control disease because they crowd stressed, suffering animals by the thousands into dirty warehouses. 3 Every year more and more consumers are rejecting cruel and unsustainable factory-farmed products and demanding something better. 4 And that trend is only gaining momentum. For example, data collected by the Plant Based Foods Association (PBFA) found a 24% year to year growth in demand for plant-based meats in 2018! As interest in healthier and more sustainable options to slaughtered meat increases, cultivated meat can step in to help meet this booming demand. A．In contrast, cultivated meat production facilities will provide safe, clean, and controlled environments. B．Factory farms necessitate the disposal of animal waste, drugs, and chemicals. C．Animal agriculture causes animal suffering, pollutes the environment, and threatens human welfare. D．While cultivated meat avoids slaughter, some worry about its sensory qualities. E．We have seen dramatic growth in the demand for plant-based meats and milks in recent years. F．Some worry that scaling up production may require significant energy, reducing its environmental edge. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食品生产领域的创新——培育肉，阐述了其生产方式，并说明了培育肉相比传统工厂化养殖的优势以及消费者对更健康、可持续食品需求的增长趋势。 1．根据上文“Consumers will be able to purchase meat and other animal-derived foods without supporting cruel, unclean, and unsafe factory farms and slaughterhouses. Cultivated meat — also referred to as slaughter-free meat or cell-based meat, is just that — animal meat produced from animals’ cells, without having to raise and kill living, feeling beings. (消费者将能够购买肉类和其他动物源性食品，而无需支持残忍、不清洁和不安全的工厂化农场和屠宰场。培育肉——也被称为无屠宰肉或细胞基肉，正是如此——从动物细胞中生产的动物肉，无需饲养和宰杀有生命、有感知的生物。)”以及下文“We do not need to rely on this flawed industrial system. Cultivated meat production will remove the need to crowd thousands of animals into cages and crowded barns, and of course would not require billions of animals to be slaughtered each year. (我们不需要依赖这个有缺陷的工业系统。培育肉生产将消除将数千只动物挤入笼子和拥挤的谷仓的需要，当然也不需要每年屠宰数十亿只动物。)”可知，此空应总结传统动物农业存在的问题，从而引出培育肉的优势。C选项“Animal agriculture causes animal suffering, pollutes the environment, and threatens human welfare. (动物农业导致动物痛苦，污染环境，并威胁人类福利。)”中的“causes animal suffering, pollutes the environment, and threatens human welfare”概括了传统农业的弊端，“this flawed industrial system”即动物农业的劣势，从而突出培育肉的优势所在，符合语境。故选C项。 2．根据上文“Not only will cultivated meat production cut out the cruelty and suffering inherent in industrial factory farming, it promises to dramatically reduce environmental impacts. (培育肉生产不仅会消除工业工厂化养殖中固有的残忍和痛苦，还有望显著降低环境影响。)”以及下文“They place these dangerous substances in massive “lagoons” that dot the American landscape. These waste lagoons threaten the public health and often spill over to pollute miles of waterways and kill countless wild animals. (他们将这些危险物质放置在遍布美国各地的巨大“泻湖”中。这些废物泻湖威胁公众健康，并经常溢出污染数英里的水道，杀死无数野生动物。)”可知，此空应提及工厂化农场在环境影响方面的具体做法，尤其是废弃物处理问题。B选项“Factory farms necessitate the disposal of animal waste, drugs, and chemicals. (工厂化农场必须处理动物粪便、药物和化学物质。)”中的“disposal of animal waste, drugs, and chemicals”对应下文“dangerous substances”和“waste lagoons”，解释了工厂化农场对环境造成污染的原因，符合语境。故选B项。 3．根据上文“And factory farms have to use huge amounts of antibiotics and other drugs to prevent and control disease because they crowd stressed, suffering animals by the thousands into dirty warehouses. (工厂化农场不得不使用大量抗生素和其他药物来预防和控制疾病，因为它们将数千只处于压力和痛苦中的动物挤入肮脏的仓库。)”可知，此空应将工厂化农场的弊端与培育肉的优势进行对比。A选项“In contrast, cultivated meat production facilities will provide safe, clean, and controlled environments. (相比之下，培育肉生产设施将提供安全、清洁和可控的环境。)”中的“In contrast”表明对比关系，“safe, clean, and controlled environments”与上文工厂化农场的“dirty warehouses”形成鲜明对比，突出培育肉在生产环境上的优势，符合语境。故选A项。 4．根据上文“Every year more and more consumers are rejecting cruel and unsustainable factory-farmed products and demanding something better. (每年都有越来越多的消费者拒绝残忍和不可持续的工厂化养殖产品，并要求更好的东西。)”以及下文“And that trend is only gaining momentum. For example, data collected by the Plant Based Foods Association (PBFA) found a 24% year to year growth in demand for plant-based meats in 2018! (而且这一趋势只会越来越强劲。例如，植物基食品协会（PBFA）收集的数据发现，2018年植物基肉类的需求同比增长24%！)”可知，此空应具体说明消费者对替代食品需求增长的情况。E选项“We have seen dramatic growth in the demand for plant-based meats and milks in recent years. (近年来，我们看到对植物基肉类和牛奶的需求急剧增长。)”中的“dramatic growth in the demand for plant-based meats”与下文“24% year to year growth”相呼应，用具体数据支撑了消费者需求增长的趋势，符合语境。故选E项。 Passage 5 Monarch Butterflies Listed as Endangered The monarch butterfly, known for its legendary migration from Mexico to Canada, is now at great risk of extinction. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, the population of this orange-and-black insect has shrunk between 23% and 72% over the past 10 years. IUCN has labeled it as being endangered after having added it to its Red List of Threatened Species. 1 . In order to make space for agriculture and urban development, people have been illegally cutting down trees. As a result, the massive forested areas that had previously sheltered the butterflies during winter have now been destroyed. Another factor at play is the use of herbicides (除草剂) in agricultural fields. 2 . Just before leaving their overwintering grounds, females lay eggs on milkweed plants. But now milkweed is disappearing, and monarch caterpillars are losing their host plants. Climate change has also taken a heavy toll on the species. 3 . What’s worse, severe weather conditions such as hurricanes and storms are proving to be disastrous for the already vulnerable butterflies. Monarch experts are calling for the public’s help in the fight to save the species. “Few species inspire the awe and wonder that the migratory monarch butterfly commands,” said Dr. Sean T. O’ Brien, President and CEO of Nature Serve. “While efforts to protect this species are encouraging, much is still needed to ensure its long-term survival.” What can be done to case the problem? A middle-of-the-road solution is gaining ground. Scientists recommend promoting the growth of native milkweed and nectar flowers. Monarch butterflies are a common backyard insect in America, so everyone can contribute their share. 4 . They can also plant flowers for monarchs-Those flowers will provide nectar for monarchs when they bloom. A．People can plant milkweed to support their egg-laying and caterpillars. B．When they are caterpillars (幼虫), monarchs entirely depend on milkweed. C．Hence, local people should maintain thick forests and reduce the use of pesticides within the monarch’s range. D．The reasons for the threat to monarchs are varied, but the leading one is the decades-long destruction of its habitats. E．In a one-two punch, droughts have limited the growth of milkweed, thus threatening the butterflies’ overwintering habitats. F．To help ensure the survival of monarchs, the habitats of the Monarch butterfly need to be protected and conserved. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．E 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了帝王蝶面临灭绝的风险，主因是栖息地破坏、农药使用及气候变化，呼吁公众参与保护行动，如种植马利筋草和蜜源植物以支持其生存。 1．上文“According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, the population of this orange-and-black insect has shrunk between 23% and 72% over the past 10 years. IUCN has labeled it as being endangered after having added it to its Red List of Threatened Species.(根据国际自然保护联盟的数据，在过去10年间，这种橙黑相间的昆虫的数量已经减少了23%至72%。该联盟已将其列入濒危物种红色名录，标示为濒危)”及下文“In order to make space for agriculture and urban development, people have been illegally cutting down trees. As a result, the massive forested areas that had previously sheltered the butterflies during winter have now been destroyed.(为了腾出空间进行农业种植和城市发展，人们一直在非法砍伐树木。因此，过去在冬季为蝴蝶提供庇护的广阔森林区域现在已经遭到破坏)”说明了帝王蝶面临灭绝的风险，数量急剧下降，并被列为濒危物种，以及人类活动对栖息地的破坏，空处承上启下，D选项“威胁帝王蝶生存的原因多种多样，但最主要的在于长达数十年的栖息地破坏。”既承接了上文提到的濒危现状，又引出了下文具体阐述的人类活动对栖息地的破坏，符合语境。故选D。 2．上文“Another factor at play is the use of herbicides (除草剂) in agricultural fields.(另一个因素是在农田中使用的除草剂)”及下文“Just before leaving their overwintering grounds, females lay eggs on milkweed plants. But now milkweed is disappearing, and monarch caterpillars are losing their host plants.(在离开越冬地之前，雌蝶会在马利筋草上产卵。但现在马利筋草正在消失，帝王蝶幼虫也因此失去了寄主植物)”说明了农业领域除草剂使用对帝王蝶的影响，空处应解释除草剂的使用如何影响帝王蝶的具体方式，B选项“当帝王蝶处于幼虫阶段时，它们完全依赖马利筋草生存。”承接上文，解释除草剂与帝王蝶之间产生的联系，指出了马利筋草对帝王蝶幼虫的重要性，且与下文紧密相连，符合语境。故选B。 3．上文“Climate change has also taken a heavy toll on the species.(气候变化也对这一物种造成了沉重打击)”及下文“What’s worse, severe weather conditions such as hurricanes and storms are proving to be disastrous for the already vulnerable butterflies.(更糟糕的是，飓风和风暴等极端天气条件对本来就脆弱的蝴蝶来说无疑是灾难性的)”说明了气候变化对帝王蝶种群的严重影响，空处围绕气候变化的主题展开，具体说明对于帝王蝶的影响，下文与之形成递进关系，E选项“干旱的影响如同连续两次重击，限制了马利筋草的生长，从而威胁到了蝴蝶的越冬栖息地。”与上文的气候变化话题相契合，还具体解释了干旱如何通过影响马利筋草的生长间接威胁到帝王蝶的生存。故选E。 4．上文“Monarch butterflies are a common backyard insect in America, so everyone can contribute their share.(帝王蝶在美国是一种常见的后院昆虫，因此每个人都能为此贡献自己的一份力量)”及下文“They can also plant flowers for monarchs.(他们还可以为帝王蝶种植花卉)”说明了个人可以采取的具体措施来帮助帝王蝶，A选项“人们可以种植马利筋草以支持帝王蝶产卵和幼虫的生长。”提出了一个具体行动建议，即人们可以种植马利筋草来支持帝王蝶产卵和幼虫的生存，其中“can plant”与下文“can also plant”相呼应，符合语境。故选A。 试卷第1页，共3页 1 / 31 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $