易错03 非谓语动词6大易错点+6大避坑点+闯关训练（易错专练）（全国通用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

易错03 非谓语6大易错点+6大避坑点+闯关训练 目 录 第一部分 易错点剖析 1 易错典题 避错攻略 举一反三 易错01 谓语和非谓语方向错误 1 易错02 doing和having done作状语的区别 3 易错03 doing和to do作宾语的区别 4 易错04 非谓语作定语的区别 5 易错05 非谓语作状语的区别 7 易错06 非谓语在with复合结构的用法 7 第二部分 易错点闯关 8 闯关01 单句填空 8 闯关02 语篇填空 9 易错01 谓语和非谓语方向错误 易错典题 【例1】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2024·新课标II卷语法填空)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 60 (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, 61 (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 【错因分析】部分考生误认为一句两空，先谓语后非谓语，结果造成失误。 上下文分析不充分： 60 (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion,是过去分词短语作定语；第二空才是真正的谓语，考虑用一般过去时的被动语态。 避错攻略 【方法总结】 超长句子：先找谓语和连接词；双无双有则谓，有谓无连则非。 【干货必记】区分谓语和非谓语三步走 理解：双无：一个句子无谓语，无连接词，所给动词应考虑填谓语。 双有：一个句子有谓语，且有连接词，所给动词应考虑填谓语。 有谓无连：一个句子有谓语，但是后边动词所在句子无连接词，考虑非谓语。 解释：句子谓语三种类型：单谓语、双谓语（A and B）或三谓语（A, B and C） 区分谓语和非谓语关键在于长难句分析：括号法-（从句）（非谓语）（介词短语）（名词短语） 示例： 单谓语：Ordinary soap can deal with bacteria effectively. 双谓语：Our hosts shared many of their experiences and recommended wonderful places to visit. 三谓语：On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, bought some bananas and visited her cousin.  名师支招：用括号法把从句、非谓语、介词短语和名词短语括起来，看清句子主干（主谓宾）作答。 举一反三 1.(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 70 (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 2.(2022·新高考I卷)Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up 59 (see) them. 3.(2026·江苏一模) Only by deepening integration and upholding national' interests can we get the great national reunification we seek _________ (secure). 易错02 doing和having done作状语的区别 易错典题 【例2】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2023·全国乙卷) (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 避错攻略 【方法总结】Having done作状语：一是主动关系，二是该动作早于谓语动作发生。 【干货必记】doing和having done作状语区别 1.共同点：二者都表示与句子主语之间主动关系； 2.不同点：doing表示该动作与句子谓语同时或者几乎同时进行；而Having done表示该动作早于谓语动作发生。 He stood by the window, watching the sunset slowly. （站着和看日落同时发生） 他站在窗边，看着夕阳缓缓落下。 Having finished his homework, he went out to play basketball. （先完成作业，后出去打球） 做完作业后，他出去打篮球了。 Having lived in Paris for 10 years, she is familiar with the city well. （先住了10年，后产生熟悉 的状态） 在巴黎住了 10 年，她对这座城市非常熟悉。 举一反三 1.（2024·新课标II卷） (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 2.(25-26高三·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）__________(wait) for a long time, he finally entered the lecture hall to listen to the speech. 3. (25-26高三·新疆乌鲁木齐·期中）____________ (spend) the past year as an exchange student in America, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. 易错03 doing和to do作宾语的区别 易错典题 【例3】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2025浙江1月卷) “I really want to make this work for people’s lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean _________ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 避错攻略 【干货必记】doing和to do作宾语的区别 易混项 易混辨析 示例 forget to do 忘记要做某事（动作未发生） I forgot to post the letter on my way to work—now I have to send it tomorrow. forget doing 忘记已做过某事（动作已发生） She forgot turning off the air conditioner before going out, so she felt confused when she saw it off. remember to do 记住去做某事（动作未发生） Remember to buy some milk after school—we have run out of it at home. remember doing 记住已做过某事（动作已发生） I clearly remember meeting you at the airport last summer—you were wearing a blue jacket. regret to do 对即将做的事表示遗憾（动作未发生） I regret to inform you that your application for the scholarship has been rejected. regret doing 后悔已做了某事（动作已发生） He regrets arguing with his sister over a trivial matter—they didn’t talk for a whole week. go on to do 接着做另一件事（前后动作不同） After finishing the math homework, she went on to practice English listening. go on doing 继续做同一件事（前后动作一致） The workers went on working in the rain even though they were tired. stop to do 停下去做另一件事（表目的，切换动作） The driver stopped to help the old man cross the road—his original route was not this way. stop doing 停止做当前这件事（表终止，动作结束） You must stop playing video games if you want to finish your homework on time. can’t help (to) do 不能帮助做某事（意思不同） My little brother can’t help (to) clean the room because he is too young to reach the table. can’t help doing 禁不住做某事（意思不同） Everyone couldn’t help laughing when the clown made a funny face on the stage. mean to do 想要做某事（表打算） I mean to learn how to cook this winter vacation—I want to make meals for my parents. mean doing 意味着做某事（表解释） Missing the deadline means waiting for the next application period—there’s no other choice. try to do 设法要做某事（不涉及结果） She tried to solve the difficult physics problem by looking up reference books, but she still failed. 易错提醒 得分速记 妙记--frogshmt青蛙是聪明的（首字母谐音记忆） forget忘记, remember记住/regret后悔, go on继续, stop停止, can’t help禁不住, mean打算, try试图。 举一反三 1. (2018天津) I didn’t mean __________(eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help __________ (try) it. 2.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)Don’t forget (submit) your report on traditional craft protection before the deadline. 3.(25-26高二上·北京·期中) Mark never stops (social) with his friends online, but he is also never felt more alone. 易错04 非谓语作定语的区别 易错典题 【例4】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2026高三·全国·专题练习) This year’s film festival also features a special unit (consist) of several 4K-restored films from across the globe. 【干货必记】非谓语作定语用法辨析 1. 现在分词短语修饰名词作后置定语，表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。 The girl sitting by the window is my sister. 坐在窗边的女孩是我妹妹。 2. measure, weigh表示“测量起来……长”，“称起来……重”，作定语只能用现在分词形式。 We need a rope measuring at least 50 meters for this climbing task. 这项攀爬任务需要一根至少 50 米长的绳子。 3. belong to属于, date from=date back to追溯到, consist of由……组成, arise from由……引起，take place举行, break out爆发, 等短语常用现在分词形式作定语。 We visited a temple dating from the Ming Dynasty during our trip. 旅行中我们参观了一座始建于明代的寺庙。 4. 过去分词短语修饰名词作后置定语，表示一个被动的、已经发生的动作。 The project completed last month saved the company millions. 上个月完成的项目为公司节省了数百万。 5.当序数词修饰名词时，其后常接动词不定式（to do）作定语，用来修饰该名词。 He was the third runner to cross the finish line. 他是第三个冲过终点线的赛跑选手。 6.形容词最高级后常接动词不定式（to do）作定语，用于修饰其后面的名词。 The best time to visit the city is in spring. 游览这座城市的最佳时间是春天。 7.某些抽象名词（如decision, wish, chance, promise, plan, time, attempt, effort, right, ability, patience等）后常接动词不定式（to do）作定语。 His plan to start a business requires careful preparation. 他创业的计划需要周密的准备。 举一反三 1.(25-26高三上·河北衡水·月考) On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world (go) into space. 2.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)There has been a rise in the number of students (apply) for food courses at UK universities and colleges. 3.(2026高三·全国·专题练习) (power) by advanced AI technology, it delivers content that is fast and accurately translated while ensuring authority and consistency. 易错05 非谓语作状语的区别 易错典题 【例5】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2024浙江1月卷) The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 【干货必记】doing和to do作状语用法辨析 1. 现在分词短语作状语用来修饰主句的动作或状态，通常表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式、结果等逻辑关系。其逻辑主语通常与主句的主语一致，且与主句之间常用逗号隔开。 Walking along the street, I met an old friend. 在街上走的时候，我遇到了一位老朋友。 2.状语从句含有it is或者主从句主语一致且含有be动词时，省略主语和be动词。如果用“从属连词+现在分词”，强调从句谓语动词与句子主语之间的主动关系。 While (I am) studying, I always listen to light music. 学习时，我总听轻音乐。 2.不定式作目的状语，多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do结构。 In order to protect the environment, we should reduce plastic use. 为了保护环境，我们应该减少塑料使用。 举一反三 1.(25-26高三上·北京·阶段练习) (complete) the work in time, all the students were working hard at the weekend. 2.(25-26高三上·黑龙江哈尔滨·月考) (cover) an area of over 500 square kilometers, the national park attracts thousands of visitors yearly. 3.(25-26高三上·江苏无锡·期中) (bury) in her research on ancient history, she didn’t notice that the library was about to close. 易错06 非谓语在with复合结构的用法 易错典题 【例6】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (25-26高三上·辽宁大连·期中)With his eyes (fix) on the family album, he thought of the fun he had when he lived with his parents. 【干货必记】非谓语在with复合结构用法辨析 1. “with+名词+不定式” 结构中，不定式表示一个主动的、尚未发生的动作，强调将要进行的行为。 He walked into the office with a report to submit. 他走进办公室，手里拿着一份要提交的报告。 2. 现在分词用于“with+名词/代词+ doing”结构，表示与宾语之间主动关系。 She stood there with tears rolling down her cheeks. 她站在那里，眼泪顺着脸颊滚落。 2.过去分词用于“with+名词/代词+ done”结构，表示与宾语之间被动关系。 With the problem solved, we all felt relieved. 问题解决了，我们都松了口气。 举一反三 1.(25-26高三上·福建泉州·开学考试)With the word “PM2.5” constantly (appear) in media reports, you might be wondering what on earth it means. 2.( 25-26高三·河南焦作·期中)With over 2,500 bikes (store) in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. 3.(25-26高三·山东济南·期中)With so many types of bicycles (choose) from, I was really at a loss which one to buy. 闯关一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Not until the Ming Dynasty did artists and scholars begin using seals engraved with their names (mark) the ownership of their calligraphy works and paintings. 2.（2025高三下·北京·专题练习）One day, an Australian woman arrived home after work, only (discover) a stranger in her house. 3.（2026高三·全国·专题练习）_________ (refer) to as elves set them apart from their popular predecessors (Hello Kitty and other plush characters). 4.（25-26高三上·河北邢台·期中）He’s decided to get a look at the house and see if it might be worthy of _________ (buy) 5.（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Technological methods come into play, (help) experts analyze the components of the ink and silk that ancient people used... 6.（2026高三·全国·专题练习） (walk) along the street, she noticed a small shop selling handmade crafts, which immediately caught her attention. 7.（2025高三·全国·专题练习）There used to be a temple (stand) on the top of the hill. 8.（2025高三上·北京·专题练习）Short videos (show) people’s excitement about jumping back and forth on the colourful trampolines are regularly uploaded to social media. 9.（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Neuralink, (found) by Elon Musk, plans to begin clinical trials in the United States in October 2025 of the Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)... 10. （2026高三·全国·专题练习） (inspire) by folk stories, the artist created a series of paintings depicting traditional Chinese festivals. 11.（25-26高二上·陕西西安·月考）Schedule (permit), I’d like to join the workshop on environmental protection this Saturday. 12.（2025高三·全国·专题练习）With each bowl of Lanzhou noodles (tell) the story of its origin, this food has become a symbol of cultural inheritance. 13. （2025高三·全国·专题练习） (expose) to sunlight for too long, the ancient paper will become brittle and easy to break. 14.（25-26高三·全国·课后作业）We keep them (inform) of any changes as they arise. 15.（25-26高三·全国·课后作业）On March 19, Dennis got a group text (inform) him that a couple he didn’t know were at the hospital. 16.（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）Anyone has no right to take the land _________ (belong) to the state as their own. 17.（25-26高三·全国·课后作业）We spent hours driving and another few hours waiting, only (tell) that the plane would be delayed until midnight. 18. （2026高三·全国·专题练习）Many young people choose (pursue) further education abroad to broaden their horizons and gain international experience. 19. （2026高三·全国·专题练习）Remember _________ (sort) the collected cultural relic data by time and region. 20.（25-26高三上·河北唐山·期中） (recover) from depression, Shimakage decided to share his experience online with those suffering from the same disease. 闯关二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （25-26高三上·广东深圳·期中）To the drum beat, a red “lion” jumped airily onto a stool, looking around… After the lion dance ended, Atilio Alfredo Sarmiento Rivera, a young Peruvian (秘鲁人), 1 (stick) his head out of the lion. Alfredo and three other young Peruvians, all of 2 are members of the lion dance troupe (队) of Peru’s Sociedad Central de Beneficencia China, came to China in late October 3 (improve) their lion dance skills further. On October 25th, Chen Xiaodan, coach of Guangzhou Sport University’s dragon and lion dance team, gave a lesson to the Peruvian dancers. “How can you see your way with your head 4 (hide) in the lion’s head? The secret is to put your horizon on the same level of the lion’s jaw,” Chen told them. Peru is one of the Latin American countries with the 5 (long) history of Chinese immigration (移民). The fine traditional Chinese culture, represented by dragon and lion dances, has 6 enormous fan base among local people and overseas Chinese. So far, lion dance troupes 7 (establish) in major cities where Chinese communities live in Peru. The lion dance troupe of Peru’s Sociedad Central de Beneficencia China is the largest 8 its kind in Peru. It has over 200 members, including both Chinese Peruvians and 9 (native). The troupe often performs at public ceremonies and international culture festivals in Peru. “They are 10 (energy) and have obtained solid essential skills,” Chen commented. 10 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 易错03 非谓语6大易错点+6大避坑点+闯关训练 目 录 第一部分 易错点剖析 1 易错典题 避错攻略 举一反三 易错01 谓语和非谓语方向错误 1 易错02 doing和having done作状语的区别 3 易错03 doing和to do作宾语的区别 5 易错04 非谓语作定语的区别 7 易错05 非谓语作状语的区别 9 易错06 非谓语在with复合结构的用法 10 第二部分 易错点闯关 12 闯关01 单句填空 12 闯关02 语篇填空 16 易错01 谓语和非谓语方向错误 易错典题 【例1】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2024·新课标II卷语法填空)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 60 (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, 61 (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 【答案】60. inspired；61. was built 【解析】60. 考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。 61. 考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 【错因分析】部分考生误认为一句两空，先谓语后非谓语，结果造成失误。 上下文分析不充分： 60 (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion,是过去分词短语作定语；第二空才是真正的谓语，考虑用一般过去时的被动语态。 避错攻略 【方法总结】 超长句子：先找谓语和连接词；双无双有则谓，有谓无连则非。 【干货必记】区分谓语和非谓语三步走 理解：双无：一个句子无谓语，无连接词，所给动词应考虑填谓语。 双有：一个句子有谓语，且有连接词，所给动词应考虑填谓语。 有谓无连：一个句子有谓语，但是后边动词所在句子无连接词，考虑非谓语。 解释：句子谓语三种类型：单谓语、双谓语（A and B）或三谓语（A, B and C） 区分谓语和非谓语关键在于长难句分析：括号法-（从句）（非谓语）（介词短语）（名词短语） 示例： 单谓语：Ordinary soap can deal with bacteria effectively. 双谓语：Our hosts shared many of their experiences and recommended wonderful places to visit. 三谓语：On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, bought some bananas and visited her cousin.  名师支招：用括号法把从句、非谓语、介词短语和名词短语括起来，看清句子主干（主谓宾）作答。 举一反三 1.(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 70 (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 【答案】means 【解析】70.考查时态。句意：这座城市的显著发展，在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“development”，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。 【拆解】The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 70 (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 本题空白处前边是定语从句容易产生干扰，认为已经由谓语，空白处需要非谓语而误填meaning。 2.(2022·新高考I卷)Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up 59 (see) them. 【答案】to see 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。 【拆解】Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up 59 (see) them. 本句拆解发现是“A and B”型并列句，因空白处需要非谓语作目的状语。 3.(2026·江苏一模) Only by deepening integration and upholding national' interests can we get the great national reunification we seek _________ (secure). 【答案】secured 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：只有深化融合、维护国家利益，我们才能让我们所追求的伟大国家统一得到稳固保障。此处是“get+宾语+宾补”的固定结构，the great national reunification与secure是动宾关系，应用过去分词secured作宾补。故填secured。 【拆解】(Only by deepening integration and upholding national' interests) can we get the great national reunification (we seek) _________ (secure). 结合语境这是only修饰的介词短语位于句首引起的倒装句，其中we week是省略that的定语从句，因此本句考查get sth done表示“使某事被做”。 易错02 doing和having done作状语的区别 易错典题 【例2】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2023·全国乙卷) (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 【答案】Having visited 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。 【错因分析】多年来高考语法填空都是考查现在分词doing直接作伴随、结果状语，因此很多考生想当然就填写Visiting，忽视了语境变化。 避错攻略 【方法总结】Having done作状语：一是主动关系，二是该动作早于谓语动作发生。 【干货必记】doing和having done作状语区别 1.共同点：二者都表示与句子主语之间主动关系； 2.不同点：doing表示该动作与句子谓语同时或者几乎同时进行；而Having done表示该动作早于谓语动作发生。 He stood by the window, watching the sunset slowly. （站着和看日落同时发生） 他站在窗边，看着夕阳缓缓落下。 Having finished his homework, he went out to play basketball. （先完成作业，后出去打球） 做完作业后，他出去打篮球了。 Having lived in Paris for 10 years, she is familiar with the city well. （先住了10年，后产生熟悉 的状态） 在巴黎住了 10 年，她对这座城市非常熟悉。 举一反三 1.（2024·新课标II卷） (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 【答案】Recalling 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。 2.(25-26高三·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）__________(wait) for a long time, he finally entered the lecture hall to listen to the speech. 【答案】Having waited 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：在等了很长时间之后，他终于走进了演讲厅去听演讲。空处为非谓语动词，wait发生在entered之前，且wait与主语he为主动关系，用现在分词完成式作状语。首字母大写。故填Having waited。 3. (25-26高三·新疆乌鲁木齐·期中）____________ (spend) the past year as an exchange student in America, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. 【答案】Having spent 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为交换生在美国度过的过去一年，琳达看起来比同龄人更成熟。设空处应用非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语Linda和动词spend之间是主动关系，且设空处表示的动作比主句谓语动词表示的动作appears先发生，所以用现在分词的完成式，位于句首单词首字母需大写。故填Having spent。 易错03 doing和to do作宾语的区别 易错典题 【例3】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2025浙江1月卷) “I really want to make this work for people’s lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean _________ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 【答案】returning 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：……这并不总是意味着要在某个特别的周末过后的周一就归还衣服。根据句意可知，mean 此处意为“意味着”，mean doing sth是固定搭配，意为“意味着做某事”。 【错因分析】部分考生因为没有弄清mean to do和mean doing的区别而造成误填。 避错攻略 【干货必记】doing和to do作宾语的区别 易混项 易混辨析 示例 forget to do 忘记要做某事（动作未发生） I forgot to post the letter on my way to work—now I have to send it tomorrow. forget doing 忘记已做过某事（动作已发生） She forgot turning off the air conditioner before going out, so she felt confused when she saw it off. remember to do 记住去做某事（动作未发生） Remember to buy some milk after school—we have run out of it at home. remember doing 记住已做过某事（动作已发生） I clearly remember meeting you at the airport last summer—you were wearing a blue jacket. regret to do 对即将做的事表示遗憾（动作未发生） I regret to inform you that your application for the scholarship has been rejected. regret doing 后悔已做了某事（动作已发生） He regrets arguing with his sister over a trivial matter—they didn’t talk for a whole week. go on to do 接着做另一件事（前后动作不同） After finishing the math homework, she went on to practice English listening. go on doing 继续做同一件事（前后动作一致） The workers went on working in the rain even though they were tired. stop to do 停下去做另一件事（表目的，切换动作） The driver stopped to help the old man cross the road—his original route was not this way. stop doing 停止做当前这件事（表终止，动作结束） You must stop playing video games if you want to finish your homework on time. can’t help (to) do 不能帮助做某事（意思不同） My little brother can’t help (to) clean the room because he is too young to reach the table. can’t help doing 禁不住做某事（意思不同） Everyone couldn’t help laughing when the clown made a funny face on the stage. mean to do 想要做某事（表打算） I mean to learn how to cook this winter vacation—I want to make meals for my parents. mean doing 意味着做某事（表解释） Missing the deadline means waiting for the next application period—there’s no other choice. try to do 设法要做某事（不涉及结果） She tried to solve the difficult physics problem by looking up reference books, but she still failed. 易错提醒 得分速记 妙记--frogshmt青蛙是聪明的（首字母谐音记忆） forget忘记, remember记住/regret后悔, go on继续, stop停止, can’t help禁不住, mean打算, try试图。 举一反三 1. (2018天津) I didn’t mean __________(eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help __________ (try) it. 【答案】to eat; trying 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我并大打算吃东西，但是冰淇淋太好看了我忍不住尝了一口。mean to do表示“打算做某事”；can’t help doing表示“禁不住做某事”。故答案是to eat; trying。 2.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)Don’t forget (submit) your report on traditional craft protection before the deadline. 【答案】to submit 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：别忘了在截止日期前提交你的传统工艺保护报告。句子为“Don’t forget to do”结构的祈使句，“forget”后接动词不定式作宾语。故填to submit。 3.(25-26高二上·北京·期中) Mark never stops (social) with his friends online, but he is also never felt more alone. 【答案】socializing/socialising 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：马克从未停止在网上与朋友们进行社交活动，但他却从未感到如此孤独。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”，social的动词形式为socialize/socialise，其动名词形式为socializing/socialising，这里作stop的宾语。故填socializing/socialising。 易错04 非谓语作定语的区别 易错典题 【例4】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2026高三·全国·专题练习) This year’s film festival also features a special unit (consist) of several 4K-restored films from across the globe. 【答案】consisting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：今年的电影节还设有一个特别单元，由来自全球的几部4K修复影片组成。本句谓语为features，此处为非谓语动词，作unit的后置定语，consist of“由……组成”无被动形式，所以用现在分词形式，表主动。故填consisting。 【错因分析】部分考生因为没有弄清consist of“作谓语不能用于被动语态，作定语只能用现在分词主动形式表示被动意义”的特殊用法而造成误填。 【干货必记】非谓语作定语用法辨析 1. 现在分词短语修饰名词作后置定语，表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。 The girl sitting by the window is my sister. 坐在窗边的女孩是我妹妹。 2. measure, weigh表示“测量起来……长”，“称起来……重”，作定语只能用现在分词形式。 We need a rope measuring at least 50 meters for this climbing task. 这项攀爬任务需要一根至少 50 米长的绳子。 3. belong to属于, date from=date back to追溯到, consist of由……组成, arise from由……引起，take place举行, break out爆发, 等短语常用现在分词形式作定语。 We visited a temple dating from the Ming Dynasty during our trip. 旅行中我们参观了一座始建于明代的寺庙。 4. 过去分词短语修饰名词作后置定语，表示一个被动的、已经发生的动作。 The project completed last month saved the company millions. 上个月完成的项目为公司节省了数百万。 5.当序数词修饰名词时，其后常接动词不定式（to do）作定语，用来修饰该名词。 He was the third runner to cross the finish line. 他是第三个冲过终点线的赛跑选手。 6.形容词最高级后常接动词不定式（to do）作定语，用于修饰其后面的名词。 The best time to visit the city is in spring. 游览这座城市的最佳时间是春天。 7.某些抽象名词（如decision, wish, chance, promise, plan, time, attempt, effort, right, ability, patience等）后常接动词不定式（to do）作定语。 His plan to start a business requires careful preparation. 他创业的计划需要周密的准备。 举一反三 1.(25-26高三上·河北衡水·月考) On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world (go) into space. 【答案】to go 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。当名词前有序数词修饰时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to go。 2.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)There has been a rise in the number of students (apply) for food courses at UK universities and colleges. 【答案】applying 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：申请英国大学和学院食品课程的学生人数有所增加。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作students的后置定语，apply for“申请”和students逻辑上是主动关系，且动作在进行中，因此用apply的现在分词形式。故填applying。 3.(2026高三·全国·专题练习) (power) by advanced AI technology, it delivers content that is fast and accurately translated while ensuring authority and consistency. 【答案】Powered 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由先进的人工智能技术驱动，它提供快速准确翻译的内容，同时确保权威性和一致性。“(power) by advanced AI technology”作原因状语，power(驱动，推动)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语it之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动；句首单词首字母大写。故填Powered。 易错05 非谓语作状语的区别 易错典题 【例5】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2024浙江1月卷) The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 【答案】to benefit 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。 【干货必记】doing和to do作状语用法辨析 1. 现在分词短语作状语用来修饰主句的动作或状态，通常表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式、结果等逻辑关系。其逻辑主语通常与主句的主语一致，且与主句之间常用逗号隔开。 Walking along the street, I met an old friend. 在街上走的时候，我遇到了一位老朋友。 2.状语从句含有it is或者主从句主语一致且含有be动词时，省略主语和be动词。如果用“从属连词+现在分词”，强调从句谓语动词与句子主语之间的主动关系。 While (I am) studying, I always listen to light music. 学习时，我总听轻音乐。 2.不定式作目的状语，多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do结构。 In order to protect the environment, we should reduce plastic use. 为了保护环境，我们应该减少塑料使用。 举一反三 1.(25-26高三上·北京·阶段练习) (complete) the work in time, all the students were working hard at the weekend. 【答案】To complete 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了及时完成这项工作，所有学生周末都在努力干活。分析句子逻辑可知，“所有学生努力干活”的目的是“及时完成工作”，所以这里需用 动词不定式表目的，且句首时首字母需大写。故填To complete。 2.(25-26高三上·黑龙江哈尔滨·月考) (cover) an area of over 500 square kilometers, the national park attracts thousands of visitors yearly. 【答案】Covering 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个国家公园占地面积超过500平方公里，每年吸引成千上万的游客。本句已有谓语attracts，动词cover“占（一片面积）”用非谓语形式，逻辑主语the national park与动词cover是主谓关系，用现在分词，作状语，句首单词，首字母大写。故填Covering。 3.(25-26高三上·江苏无锡·期中) (bury) in her research on ancient history, she didn’t notice that the library was about to close. 【答案】Buried 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她埋头于古代历史的研究，没有注意到图书馆即将关门。“(bury) in her research on ancient history”在句中作原因状语，bury(埋头于，专心于)用非谓语形式，常用于固定短语bury oneself in，与其逻辑主语she之间是被动关系，用过去分词形式表被动；句首单词首字母大写。故填Buried。 易错06 非谓语在with复合结构的用法 易错典题 【例6】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (25-26高三上·辽宁大连·期中)With his eyes (fix) on the family album, he thought of the fun he had when he lived with his parents. 【答案】fixed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他的目光盯着家庭相册，回想起了和父母一起生活时的快乐时光。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，动词fix与其逻辑主语eyes之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词fixed作宾补。故填fixed。 【错因分析】部分考生因为不了解fix用法而是简单照搬汉语“眼睛盯着……”而填写fixing，从而造成误填。 【干货必记】非谓语在with复合结构用法辨析 1. “with+名词+不定式” 结构中，不定式表示一个主动的、尚未发生的动作，强调将要进行的行为。 He walked into the office with a report to submit. 他走进办公室，手里拿着一份要提交的报告。 2. 现在分词用于“with+名词/代词+ doing”结构，表示与宾语之间主动关系。 She stood there with tears rolling down her cheeks. 她站在那里，眼泪顺着脸颊滚落。 2.过去分词用于“with+名词/代词+ done”结构，表示与宾语之间被动关系。 With the problem solved, we all felt relieved. 问题解决了，我们都松了口气。 举一反三 1.(25-26高三上·福建泉州·开学考试)With the word “PM2.5” constantly (appear) in media reports, you might be wondering what on earth it means. 【答案】appearing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。随着“PM2.5”这个词不断地出现在媒体报道中，你可能很想知道它究竟是什么意思。句首为“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构，the word “PM2.5”充当介词with的宾语，空处作宾语补足语；the word “PM2.5” 与动词appear构成主动关系，且动作与主句同时、持续进行，表示“不断出现”。故填appearing。 2.( 25-26高三·河南焦作·期中)With over 2,500 bikes (store) in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. 【答案】stored 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们在五个战略位置的租赁店中存放了2500多辆自行车，确保您随时都能租到自行车。此处为“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”的复合结构，宾语bikes与store之间为被动关系，即自行车被存放，所以应用store的过去分词形式stored作宾语补足语。故填stored。 3.(25-26高三·山东济南·期中)With so many types of bicycles (choose) from, I was really at a loss which one to buy. 【答案】to choose 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：有这么多种类的自行车可选，我真不知道该买哪一种。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定用法，空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语，此处表示将要发生的动作，需填动词不定式。故填to choose。 闯关一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Not until the Ming Dynasty did artists and scholars begin using seals engraved with their names (mark) the ownership of their calligraphy works and paintings. 【答案】to mark 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：直到明代，艺术家和学者才开始使用刻有自己名字的印章来标记他们的书法作品和绘画的所有权。主从句都有谓语动词，空处应用非谓语动词，表示使用印章的目的，应用动词不定式to mark作目的状语。故填to mark。 2.（2025高三下·北京·专题练习）One day, an Australian woman arrived home after work, only (discover) a stranger in her house. 【答案】to discover 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：一天，一位澳大利亚女士下班后回到家，却发现家里有个陌生人。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词“arrived”，其与所给动词“discover(发现)”间无连词，因此空处应用非谓语。且此处为固定结构“only to do sth.”，意为“结果却……”，表示意料之外的结果，所以此处使用动词不定式形式。故填to discover。 3.（2026高三·全国·专题练习）_________ (refer) to as elves set them apart from their popular predecessors (Hello Kitty and other plush characters). 【答案】Being referred 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：因其被称为“精灵”，这使得它们与那些广为人知的前辈（如Hello Kitty以及其他毛绒玩具角色）有所不同。“refer to as elves”在句中作主语，要用动名词形式，且refer to与其逻辑主语“它们”之间是被动关系，所以要用动名词的被动形式being referred；句首单词首字母大写。故填Being referred。 4.（25-26高三上·河北邢台·期中）He’s decided to get a look at the house and see if it might be worthy of _________ (buy) 【答案】being bought 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他决定去看看那所房子，看看它是否值得购买。“be worthy of”意为“值得”，后面跟动名词作宾语，且buy(购买)与其逻辑主语it(指代the house)之间是被动关系，所以用动名词的被动形式being bought。故填being bought。 5.（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Technological methods come into play, (help) experts analyze the components of the ink and silk that ancient people used... 【答案】helping 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：技术方法开始发挥作用，帮助专家分析古人使用的墨水和丝绸的成分……。本句谓语为come，此处为非谓语动词，作状语，表示自然而然的结果，用help的现在分词形式。故填helping。 6.（2026高三·全国·专题练习） (walk) along the street, she noticed a small shop selling handmade crafts, which immediately caught her attention. 【答案】Walking 【解析】考查现在分词作状语。句意：走在街上时，她注意到一家卖手工艺品的小店，这家店立刻引起了她的注意。主句已有谓语动词noticed，空处应用非谓语动词，句子主语she与walk之间是主动关系，且walk与谓语动词noticed同时发生，用现在分词walking作时间状语，故填Walking。 7.（2025高三·全国·专题练习）There used to be a temple (stand) on the top of the hill. 【答案】standing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：山顶上曾经有一座寺庙。句中已有谓语动词used to be，空处用非谓语动词，stand和逻辑主语temple之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填standing。 8.（2025高三上·北京·专题练习）Short videos (show) people’s excitement about jumping back and forth on the colourful trampolines are regularly uploaded to social media. 【答案】showing 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：人们在五颜六色的蹦床上跳来跳去的兴奋场面经常被上传到社交媒体上。此句已有谓语are uploaded且无连词，此空用非谓语动词，名词短语Short videos和动词show是逻辑上的主动关系，所以用现在分词形式作后置定语，修饰名词短语Short videos。故填showing。 9.（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Neuralink, (found) by Elon Musk, plans to begin clinical trials in the United States in October 2025 of the Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)... 【答案】founded 【解析】考查过去分词。句意：由埃隆·马斯克创立的Neuralink计划于2025年10月在美国开始脑机接口的临床试验……。句中已有谓语动词plans，专有名词Neuralink与found（意为“创立”）构成被动关系，故用过去分词founded作后置定语。故填founded。 10. （2026高三·全国·专题练习） (inspire) by folk stories, the artist created a series of paintings depicting traditional Chinese festivals. 【答案】Inspired 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。句意：受民间故事启发，这位艺术家创作了一系列描绘中国传统节日的画作。主语artist与inspire是被动关系（被启发），用过去分词inspired作状语，句首首字母大写。故填Inspired。 11.（25-26高二上·陕西西安·月考）Schedule (permit), I’d like to join the workshop on environmental protection this Saturday. 【答案】permitting 【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：如果时间允许，我想参加这个星期六的环境保护讲习班。逗号前的部分为独立主格结构作状语，permit和逻辑主语schedule为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填permitting。 12.（2025高三·全国·专题练习）With each bowl of Lanzhou noodles (tell) the story of its origin, this food has become a symbol of cultural inheritance. 【答案】telling 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：每一碗兰州拉面都诉说着它的起源故事，这种食物已成为文化传承的象征。句子核心谓语为has become，此处是with复合结构，each bowl of Lanzhou noodles与tell为主动关系，现在分词作with复合结构中的宾语补足语，故填telling。 13. （2025高三·全国·专题练习） (expose) to sunlight for too long, the ancient paper will become brittle and easy to break. 【答案】Exposed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：长时间暴露在阳光下，这张古老的纸会变得脆弱且容易破裂。句中will become为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，expose与the ancient paper是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作状语，该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填Exposed。 14.（25-26高三·全国·课后作业）We keep them (inform) of any changes as they arise. 【答案】informed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们随时向他们通报任何变化。此处为“keep + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”复合结构，inform与them之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，即“他们被告知”，所以应用其过去分词作宾语补足语，且keep sb. informed of sth.为固定搭配，表示“使某人随时了解某事”。故填informed。 15.（25-26高三·全国·课后作业）On March 19, Dennis got a group text (inform) him that a couple he didn’t know were at the hospital. 【答案】informing 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：3月19日，丹尼斯收到一条群发短信，告知他一对他不认识的夫妇在医院里。句中已有谓语动词“got”，且空处与谓语动词之间没有连词，所以空处应用非谓语动词形式，a group text与inform之间是主动关系，因此应用现在分词informing作后置定语，修饰“a group text”。故填informing。 16.（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）Anyone has no right to take the land _________ (belong) to the state as their own. 【答案】belonging 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：任何人无权将属于国家的土地据为己有。句中的谓语动词是has，且没有连词，空处应用非谓语动词，belong和逻辑主语land是主谓关系，要用现在分词，作后置定语。故填belonging。 17.（25-26高三·全国·课后作业）We spent hours driving and another few hours waiting, only (tell) that the plane would be delayed until midnight. 【答案】to be told 【解析】考查不定式的被动式。句意：我们开了几个小时的车，又等了几个小时，却被告知飞机将延误到午夜。由“We spent hours driving and another few hours waiting”和“the plane would be delayed until midnight”可知，句子表示“我们开了几个小时的车，又等了几个小时，却被告知飞机将延误到午夜”，空格处用不定式表出乎意料的结果，我们是被告知飞机将延误到午夜，因此空格处用不定式的被动式to be told，故填to be told。 18. （2026高三·全国·专题练习）Many young people choose (pursue) further education abroad to broaden their horizons and gain international experience. 【答案】to pursue 【解析】考查不定式作宾语。句意：许多年轻人选择出国深造以拓宽视野并获取国际经验。动词choose后接不定式作宾语，构成choose to do sth.结构，意为“选择做某事”，故填to pursue。 19. （2026高三·全国·专题练习）Remember _________ (sort) the collected cultural relic data by time and region. 【答案】to sort 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：记得按时间和地域对收集到的文物数据进行分类。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语“remember to do sth.”（记得去做某事）。该短语中“remember”后接不定式（to + 动词原形），表 “动作尚未发生，提醒对方记得去做”，符合语境中“提醒整理数据” 的逻辑（整理动作尚未进行）。故填to sort。 20. （25-26高三上·河北唐山·期中） (recover) from depression, Shimakage decided to share his experience online with those suffering from the same disease. 【答案】Having recovered 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：从抑郁症中恢复过来后，Shimakage决定在网上与那些患有同样疾病的人分享他的经历。根据句意可知，非谓语动动词recover和主语之间是主动关系，且发生在谓语动作之前，故用其现在分词的完成式作状语，作时间状语。故填Having recovered。 闯关二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （25-26高三上·广东深圳·期中）To the drum beat, a red “lion” jumped airily onto a stool, looking around… After the lion dance ended, Atilio Alfredo Sarmiento Rivera, a young Peruvian (秘鲁人), 1 (stick) his head out of the lion. Alfredo and three other young Peruvians, all of 2 are members of the lion dance troupe (队) of Peru’s Sociedad Central de Beneficencia China, came to China in late October 3 (improve) their lion dance skills further. On October 25th, Chen Xiaodan, coach of Guangzhou Sport University’s dragon and lion dance team, gave a lesson to the Peruvian dancers. “How can you see your way with your head 4 (hide) in the lion’s head? The secret is to put your horizon on the same level of the lion’s jaw,” Chen told them. Peru is one of the Latin American countries with the 5 (long) history of Chinese immigration (移民). The fine traditional Chinese culture, represented by dragon and lion dances, has 6 enormous fan base among local people and overseas Chinese. So far, lion dance troupes 7 (establish) in major cities where Chinese communities live in Peru. The lion dance troupe of Peru’s Sociedad Central de Beneficencia China is the largest 8 its kind in Peru. It has over 200 members, including both Chinese Peruvians and 9 (native). The troupe often performs at public ceremonies and international culture festivals in Peru. “They are 10 (energy) and have obtained solid essential skills,” Chen commented. 【答案】1. stuck 2. whom 3. to improve 4. hidden 5. longest 6. an 7. have been established 8. of 9. natives 10. energetic 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了秘鲁的年轻人来到中国提高他们的舞狮技巧并介绍了秘鲁中华通惠总局舞狮队的一些成员，他们在广州接受了中国舞狮教练的指导，还提到了秘鲁的中国移民历史和中国舞狮文化。 1. 考查动词时态。句意：舞狮结束后，年轻的秘鲁人阿蒂利奥・阿尔弗雷多・萨尔门托・里维拉从狮头里探出头来。空处作谓语动词，根据从句谓语动词ended可知，此处描述过去动作，应用一般过去时，stick的过去式为stuck。故填stuck。 2. 考查定语从句。句意：阿尔弗雷多和另外三名秘鲁年轻人（他们均为秘鲁中华通惠总局舞狮队成员）于10月底来到中国，旨在进一步提升自己的舞狮技艺。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Alfredo and three other young Peruvians，指人，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词whom来引导。故填whom。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：阿尔弗雷多和另外三名秘鲁年轻人（他们均为秘鲁中华通惠总局舞狮队成员）于10月底来到中国，旨在进一步提升自己的舞狮技艺。句子谓语为came，空处为非谓语动词作目的状语，应用动词不定式形式。故填to improve。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：“当你的头藏在狮头里时，怎么看清路呢？秘诀是让你的视线与狮嘴保持在同一水平线上，” 陈教练告诉他们。句子谓语为can see，空处为非谓语动词作宾语补足语，动词hide与逻辑主语your head之间为被动关系，应用其过去分词形式hidden。故填hidden。 5. 考查形容词最高级。句意：秘鲁是拉丁美洲地区华人移民历史最悠久的国家之一。“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数” 表示 “最……之一”，为固定结构，long的最高级形式为longest。故填longest。 6. 考查冠词。句意：以舞龙舞狮为代表的中华优秀传统文化，在当地民众和华侨华人中拥有庞大的粉丝基础。fan base为可数名词短语，其前应用冠词修饰，此处表泛指，且enormous以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an，an enormous fan base表示 “一个庞大的粉丝基础”。故填an。 7. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：迄今为止，秘鲁华人聚居的主要城市均已成立舞狮队。空处作谓语，根据时间状语so far“迄今为止”可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语lion dance troupes为复数，且与动词establish之间为被动关系，应用have been + 过去分词，establish的过去分词形式为established。故填have been established。 8. 考查介词。句意：秘鲁中华通惠总局舞狮队是该国同类队伍中规模最大的一支。“of its kind”为固定搭配，表示 “同类中的”，the largest of its kind表示“同类中规模最大的”。故填of。 9. 考查名词。句意：队伍现有成200余人，包括秘鲁华裔和本地居民。native表示 “本地人” 时为可数名词，此处与Chinese Peruvians并列，应用其复数形式。故填natives。 10. 考查形容词。句意：“他们充满活力，且已掌握扎实的基本功，” 陈教练评价道。空前为系动词are，需用energy的形容词形式energetic“充满活力的”，在句中作表语。故填energetic。 17 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $