内容正文:
第01讲 谓语动词的时态
目录
01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
02 思维导图·网络构建 3
03 考点通关·靶向突破 4
★ 考点一 一般现在时 4
★ 考点二 一般过去时 7
考点三 一般将来时 10
★ 考点四 现在进行时 12
考点五 过去进行时 14
★ 考点六 现在完成时 16
考点七 易混时态辨析 19
04 优题精选·练能提分 20
考点
课标要求
复习目标
一般现在时
· 掌握一般现在时的构成和用法
1.系统复习并掌握时态的基本知识,强化在复杂语境中辨别时态的能力;
2. 熟练运用各种时态:三个一般时、两个进行时和现在完成时;
3. 掌握几种易混时态的区别。
一般过去时
· 掌握一般过去时的构成和用法
一般将来时
· 掌握一般将来时的构成和用法
现在进行时
· 掌握现在进行时的构成和用法
过去进行时
· 掌握过去进行时的构成和用法
现在完成时
· 掌握现在完成时的构成和用法
易混时态辨析
· 掌握几种易混时态的区别,在复杂语境中辨别时态的能力
命题预测
动词的时态是中考的必考点之一。主要有以下命题角度:一般现在时、一般过去时(高频)、现在进行时(高频)、过去进行时、现在完成时(高频)、一般将来时。
主要在单项选择、完形填空、和单词拼写中考查。
解题锦囊
锦囊1:根据“标志性状语”
在题干中,yesterday, tomorrow, always, since, in the past few years, over the years, by+时间,so far等都是动词时态常用的标志性状语,做题时可以通过寻找这些标志性状语来判定时态。
锦囊2:根据“并列谓语”
当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时,它们之间可能是同时发生,也可能有一定的先后关系,我们可以根据这种谓语动词的关系来判定时态。同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语,谓语动词的时态要一致。
锦囊3:根据“语境暗示”
有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下,通过“语境暗示”,正确分析语境也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。
锦囊4:根据“时态定义”
准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。
锦囊5:根据“固定句式”
掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方法。
注意:解答动词题时,首先应当分辨是否为谓语。如果是谓语,紧接着在文中寻找标志性时间状语或固定句型的标志词,然后结合复杂语境中的逻辑意思进一步确定时态、语态和主谓一致。
考点一 一般现在时
1.一般现在时的句子结构
(1)肯定句
主语+be(am, is, are)+其他
I am a freshman. 我是个新生。
主语(非第三人称单数)+动词原形+其他
I go to school by car. 我开车去学校。
主语(第三人称单数)+动词三单形式+其他
She gets up early every morning.
她每天早上都起得很早。
第三人称单数变化规则:
①一般情况,加-s,如:eat→eats; rise→rises
②以-s、-x、-ch、-sh、-o、-z结尾的动词,加-es,如:discuss→discusses; teach→teaches
③以“辅音字母加-y”结尾的动词,变-y为-ies,如:carry→carries; fly→flies
(2)否定句
主语+be(am, is, are)+not+其他
I am not a freshman. 我不是新生。
主语(非第三人称单数)+don’t+动词原形+其他
I don’t go to school by car.
我不是开车去学校。
主语(第三人称单数)+doesn’t+动词原形+其他
She doesn’t get early every morning.
每天早上她起得不早。
(3)一般疑问句
Be(Am, Is, Are)+主语+其他
Are you a freshman? 你是新生吗?
Do+主语(非第三人称单数)+动词原形+其他
Do you go to school by car?
你开车去学校吗?
Does+主语(第三人称单数)+动词原形+其他
Does she get up early every morning?
她每天早上都起得很早吗?
2.常与一般现在时连用的标志词
频率副词
always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never
on+星期复数
on Mondays,on weekends
in +早中晚
in the morning
every
every day,every year
固定周期
once a week,twice a year
3. 一般现在时的具体用法
1.表示经常性的动作,常与usually,always,often,sometimes,never,every day等表示频度的时间状语连用。
On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour to drive to work.
星期一早晨,我通常花费一小时开车去上班。
2.表示客观真理、格言或者警句等。
As we all know, the earth travels around the sun. 众所周知,地球围绕太阳转。
3.表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作。动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, live, fly等,常用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作。
My dream school starts at 8:30 am and ends at 3:30 pm.
我理想的学校上午8:30上课,下午3:30放学。
4.在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
If you come this afternoon, we'll have a meeting. 如果你今天下午过来,我们将开个会。
5.以here/there开头引导的倒装句,表示正在发生的动作/状态
There goes the bell.铃响了。
6.用于文章标题、图片说明、电影说明、戏剧内容及场景解说等。
The film explores the daily lives of ordinary people in a small town.
这部电影探索了小镇上普通人的日常生活。
【易错提醒】
1. 表示客观真理时,宾语从句不受主句的限制,用一般现在时。
2. if 条件状语从句中可用shall 或will 表示意愿,但不表示时态。
3. be, like, hate, sound, believe, want, belong等,常用一般现在时。
4. 句型I hope, I bet等后面的that...从句及句型make sure that从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
1.(25-26九年级上·安徽蚌埠·阶段练习)—Why do you always take the 7:00 a.m. bus, Lily?
—Because it ________ me to school right before the first bell (铃声).
A.takes B.is taking C.took D.will take
2.(2025·安徽芜湖·模拟预测)—Do you like swimming, Jack?
—Yes, I do. Swimming regularly ________ my heart healthy and helps me stay energetic, so I make it a weekly habit.
A.is keeping B.keeps C.was keeping D.kept
3.(2025·安徽六安·模拟预测)The hard life she is used to _________ her become older. But she looks very healthy.
A.making B.be made C.makes D.make
4.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)The movie Chang’an ________ ancient Chinese poetry to life beautifully.
A.brings B.brought C.will bring D.has brought
5.(2025·安徽芜湖·二模)My mother is great. She always ________ me to serve our country after I graduate from college.
A.tells B.told C.has told D.will tell
6.(2025·安徽合肥·一模)It’s said that astronauts in space ________ 16 sunrises and sunsets each day.
A.experience B.experiences C.will experience D.are experiencing
7.(25-26九年级上·江西南昌·期中)—What did the physics teacher say, Jim?
—He told us that light _________ faster than sound.
A.is travelling B.will travel C.travelled D.travels
8.(25-26九年级上·北京顺义·期中)Every year, thousands of people ________ Fragrant Hills Park.
A.went to B.go to C.will go D.have gone
9.(25-26九年级上·甘肃白银·月考)The teacher together with most of her students ________ to school every day.
A.are walking B.walk C.walks D.walked
10.(25-26九年级上·江苏泰州·阶段练习)—Would you please tell me something about the film Nobody (《浪浪山小妖怪》)?
—Of course. It’s an interesting film based on Journey to the West. Not only I but also my twin brother ________ watching it very much.
A.like B.likes C.liking D.liked
考点二 一般过去时
1. 构成及动词过去式的变化规则
谓语动词的构成:did
情况
规则
例词
一般情况
加-ed
play→ played; discuss→discussed
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词
变y为-ied
carry→carried; try→tried
以一个辅音字母结尾的重度闭音节动词
双写辅音字母加-ed
plan→ planned; refer→ referred
以不发音的e结尾的动词
直接加-d
provide→ provided; like→liked
2. 常与一般过去时连用的标志词
时间点类标志词
昨天相关
yesterday(昨天)、the day before yesterday(前天)、yesterday evening(昨晚)、last night(昨晚)
刚才相关
just now(刚才)、a moment ago(片刻前)、three days ago(三天前)
具体过去时间
last week(上周)、last month(上个月)、last year(去年)、in 1998(在1998年)
时间段类标志词
持续性时间
in the past(在过去)、in the past three years(在过去的三年里)
习惯性动作
when I was five(当我五岁时)、at the age of five(五岁时)
模糊时间类标志词
一一般性过去
once(曾经)、long ago(很久以前)、the other day(前几天)
3.一般过去时具体用法
①表示在过去发生的一次性动作或习惯性动作或存在的状态,常用yesterday,last year,in 1995,the other day等作时间状语。
I met him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上遇到他了。
②表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。
He often went to school by bus last term. 上学期他经常乘公共汽车去上学。
③用于固定句型中。
It is/has been+一段时间+since...did sth.自从做某事已经一段时间了
would/had rather sb. did sth.宁愿某人做某事
It is time you went to bed. 到了你上床睡觉的时间了。
④wish, wonder, think, hope等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
I thought you might have some. 我原以为你会有一些的。
⑤在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。
He said he would not go if it rained. 他说要是下雨,他就不去。
⑥有些句子,虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语,但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态,也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know, think, expect等,表示"本来认为"。
I didn’t expect to meet you here. 我没想到会在这儿遇到你。
【巧学妙记】一般过去时用法
动词一般过去时, 过去时间作标记。
表示过去发生事, 谓语要用过去式。
否定句很简单, 主语之后didn’t添。
疑问构成也简单, 主语前面did添。
还有一点不能忘, 后面的谓语现原形。
【易错提醒】
1. 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来;
2. 没有时间状语时灵活选用一般过去时的情况;
3. as if /as though引导的从句中用一般过去表示虚拟语气。
1.(25-26九年级上·安徽淮北·期中)—Look at this old photo! The building in the background ________ a factory, but now it’s a modern library.
—Wow, that’s a big change!
A.used to be B.is used to be C.used to being D.is used to being
2.(24-25九年级上·安徽淮北·期中)—Linda, you’ve been watching game shows all evening! Have you finished your report?
—Well, I ______ most of it this afternoon, and I’ll finish it by Friday.
A.did B.would do C.was doing D.will do
3.(24-25九年级上·安徽淮南·期中)Mrs Wu used to ________ in the country, but now she is used to ________ in the country.
A.live; live B.living; live C.live; living D.lives; lives
4.(25-26九年级上·安徽·阶段练习)I don’t remember ________ the book yesterday.
A.where I put B.where did I put
C.where will I put D.where I will put
5.(25-26九年级上·安徽安庆·阶段练习)A rooster (公鸡) ________ on the grass ________ that he had ________ an egg.
A.lying; lied; laid B.lying; lay; laid C.lie; lied; lain D.laying; lay; lied
6.(24-25九年级上·安徽·阶段练习)—You have found your lost dictionary, haven’t you?
—Yes. I ________ it behind the door this afternoon.
A.have found B.will find C.found D.find
7.(25-26九年级上·安徽宿州·阶段练习)We were tired. So we ________ out the quilt on the floor in the tent and ________ down to have a rest.
A.lay; laid B.laid; lay C.laid; lied D.lied; lay
8.(25-26九年级上·安徽六安·阶段练习)—These farmers have been in the United States for a week.
—Really? When ________ there?
A.will they go B.have they been C.did they go D.have they gone
9.(23-24九年级上·安徽合肥·期末)There ______ a river in front of the house, but now the government has turned it into farmland.
A.used to be B.used to have C.is used to be D.is used to have
10.(2025·安徽宿州·模拟预测)Our teacher ________ the class trip after watching the weather report last night.
A.was cancelling B.was cancelled C.cancels D.cancelled
考点三 一般将来时
1.一般将来时的句子结构
(1)肯定句
主语 + will + 动词原形
She will call you tomorrow.(她明天会给你打电话。)
主语 + be (am/is/are) + going to + 动词原形
They are going to travel to Japan next week.(他们下周要去日本旅行。)
(2)否定句
主语 + will not (won’t) + 动词原形
I won’t forget your help.(我不会忘记你的帮助。)
主语 + be动词 + not + going to + 动词原形
He isn’t going to attend the meeting.(他不打算参加会议。)
(3)一般疑问句
Be动词 + 主语 + going to + 动词原形?
Are you going to buy a new car?(你打算买新车吗?)
Will + 主语 + 动词原形?
Will you come to the party?(你会来参加聚会吗?)
常见表示将来的时间状语:
1.tomorrow系列:tomorrow morning
2.next 系列:next week、next year、next month、next Sunday
3. this系列: this year、this Sunday、this weekend
4. in系列: in an hour、in two days
5.其他:from now on;in the future;soon;some day等。
2.一般现在时的具体用法
1. will 的常见使用场景:
临时决定:说话时刚做出的决定。
例句:A: The phone is ringing!(电话响了!)
B: I’ll answer it.(我去接。)
预测未来(无明确计划)。
例句:I think it will rain tomorrow.(我觉得明天会下雨。)
承诺、请求或威胁。
例句:I will always love you.(我会永远爱你。)
2. be going to 的常见使用场景:
事先计划好的动作。
例句:We’re going to have a picnic this weekend.(我们这周末要去野餐。)
有迹象表明某事即将发生。
例句:Look at the dark clouds! It’s going to rain.(看那些乌云!要下雨了。)
【易错提醒】
一、其他表达将来的方式
1. 现在进行时表将来(多用于已安排好的事件):
例句:I’m meeting my boss at 3 PM.(我下午3点要见老板。)
2. 一般现在时表将来(用于固定日程或时刻表):
例句:The train leaves at 8:00 tonight.(火车今晚8点发车。)
二、注意事项
1. will 和 be going to 的区别:
临时决定 → will
有计划 → be going to
2. 时间状语位置:可放句首或句尾。
例句:Next year, I will study abroad. = I will study abroad next year.
3. 口语中常用缩写:
will not → won’t
I will → I’ll / They are going to → They’re gonna(非正式)
1.(2025·安徽合肥·三模)—I can’t open the door. My hands are full. Would you please help me?
—OK. I ________ it for you.
A.opened B.will open C.open D.was opening
2.(2025·安徽合肥·三模)—Why do you practice dancing every day?
—Our team ________ at the city culture festival. We hope it can be a great hit.
A.performs B.will perform C.performed D.has performed
3.(2025·安徽·三模)—Where are you going to spend your vacation?
—I haven’t decided yet. Maybe I ________ to Hefei for vacation.
A.go B.went C.will go D.have gone
4.(2025·安徽蚌埠·模拟预测)—Anna, please come to my party this Sunday.
—Sorry, I ________ for the coming final exam this weekends. I’m very worried about it.
A.prepare B.have prepared C.will prepare D.prepared
5.(2025·安徽·二模)—What’s your weekend plan, Sally?
—I ________ the mountain near our city with my friends.
A.climb B.climbed C.has climbed D.will climb
6.(2025·安徽芜湖·模拟预测)—Sorry, we don’t have the cake you want now.
—Well, I ________ my friend and ask him to pick another dish.
A.called B.will call C.call D.have called
7.(2025·安徽安庆·一模)—What are your plans for this weekend?
—I ________ the science museum. I hear there’s a new robot show.
A.visit B.visited C.have visited D.am going to visit
8.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)The new campus gymnasium, built with private enterprise sponsorship, ______ next month.
A.opens B.opened C.will open D.was opened
9.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)—Do you know if there ________ a food safety training in our school next week?
—If there ________, I will let you know.
A.will be; will be B.will be; is C.is; will be D.is; is
10.(24-25九年级上·安徽阜阳·阶段练习)There ________ lots of people coming to see the movie this evening. You’d better come earlier to get a seat.
A.will be B.be C.to be D.was
考点四 现在进行时
1.现在进行时的句子结构
① 肯定句:主语+be(am/is/are)+动词的现在分词(+其他).
The man is playing golf. 那名男子正在打高尔夫球。
② 否定句:主语+be(am/is/are)+not+动词的现在分词(+其他).
He is not playing football in the playground now. 他现在不在操场上踢足球。
③ 一般疑问句:Be(Am/Is/Are)+主语+动词的现在分词(+其他)?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语+be(am/is/are).
否定回答:No, 主语+be(am/is/are)+not.
—Are you listening to music? 你在听音乐吗?
—Yes, I am. 是的,我在听。
—Is he doing his homework? 他正在做家庭作业吗?
—No, he isn’t. 不,他没在做。
④ 特殊疑问句:
(1)疑问词(不作主语)+be(am/is/are)+主语+动词的现在分词(+其他)?
—What is your father doing? 你的爸爸正在做什么?
—He is watching TV.他正在看电视。
(2)疑问词(作主语)+be(am/is/are)+动词的现在分词(+其他)?
—Who is speaking in the room? 谁正在房间里说话?
—Tom. 汤姆。
注意:现在进行时的特殊疑问句不可直接用Yes或No回答,而要根据实际情况回答。
2.现在进行时的具体用法
①表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,句中常出现now、at this moment等标志性词语。
We are watching TV now. 我们现在正在看电视。
②“Look!”、“Listen!”、“Be quiet!”、“Be quick!”等标志性用语提示动作正在进行,此时要用现在进行时。
Listen! Someone is singing. 听!有人正在唱歌。
注意:
一些时态为现在进行时的句子不含时态标志成分,这时要根据具体语境来分辨。
—Where is your father? 你爸爸在哪儿?
—Oh, he is reading in the study. 哦,他正在书房里看书。
③ 表示当前一段时间内一直在进行或重复的动作,但说话时未必正在进行,句中常含有these days、this week等时间状语。
Mark is writing a novel these days. 马克这些天一直在写一部小说。
④ 表示某个按最近的计划或安排将要发生的动作,句中的动词常是表示位置移动的动词,如come、go、leave、arrive 等。
We’re leaving for Shanghai next week. 下周我们要动身去上海。
【巧学妙记】动词的现在分词的变化规则
大部分动词
直接加-ing
walk→walking show→showing
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词
去掉e,再加-ing
come→coming dance→dancing
以ie结尾的动词
变ie为y,再加-ing
lie→ lying tie→tying die→dying
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词
双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-ing
get→getting plan→planning
1.(25-26九年级上·安徽淮南·期中)—Did you see Linda? I didn’t find her anywhere.
—Look! She is at the playground. She ________ our head teacher Mr. Smith.
A.interviews B.interviewed C.is interviewing D.was interviewing
2.(25-26九年级上·安徽合肥·阶段练习)As people pay more and more attention to cultural treasures, ancient book repairing ______ fast in China now.
A.developed B.was developing C.is developing D.will develop
3.(2025·安徽·中考真题)—The robots ________ each other to the finish line.
—How exciting! Our robot is going to win.
A.raced B.were racing C.race D.are racing
4.(25-26九年级上·安徽马鞍山·阶段练习)—Where is Jack?
—He is in the study. Look! He _________ the map on the table to try to find some places of interest. Let’s go and look.
A.laid B.will lay C.is laying D.was laying
5.(2025·江苏扬州·二模)—Have you finished your project yet?
—We ________ on it. There is nothing much I can say at the moment.
A.have worked B.are working C.worked D.will work
6.(2025·安徽合肥·模拟预测)—Listen! Some foreign artists ________ My Homeland in Chinese.
—Yes. Their beautiful voices show their love for Chinese culture.
A.sing B.sang C.are singing D.will sing
7.(2025·安徽马鞍山·二模)—Our foreign teacher ________ for Australia on Sunday. Shall we go to see him off at the airport?
—Good idea! Thanks to him, we have much progress in English.
A.is leaving B.left C.has left D.was leaving
8.(2025·安徽宿州·一模)—Hey, Tom! Where is your mom?
—She ______ Hefei Lobster (龙虾) in the kitchen right now. It’s our family’s favorite dish.
A.cooks B.is cooking C.has cooked D.was cooking
9.(2025·安徽合肥·二模)Our knowledge of the universe (宇宙) ________ all the time.
A.is grown B.has grown C.is growing D.was grown
10.(2025·安徽合肥·一模)—Could you please help me repair the computer, David?
—Wait a moment. I ________ an important interview.
A.will prepare B.have prepared C.am preparing D.was preparing
考点五 过去进行时
1.过去进行时的句子结构
(1)肯定句
主语+be(was,were) +动词ing形式
I was reading at 7 yesterday morning . 昨天早上七点我在读书。
(2)否定句
主语+be(was,were)+not +动词ing原形
I was not reading at 7 yesterday morning . 昨天早上七点我没有读书。
(3)一般疑问句
Be(was,were) +主语+动词原形
Were you reading at 7 yesterday morning? 昨天早上七点你在读书吗?
重要时间状语
1. at 9 o’clock yesterday(昨天九点)
2. at this time last week(上周的这个时候)
3. from 7 to 9 last night(昨晚7点到9点)
4. all day/morning yesterday(昨天一整天/整个早上)
5. when/while/as(当…时)
6. just as(正当…时)
2.过去进行时的具体用法
1. 描述过去特定时刻正在进行的动作
表示在过去的某一具体时间点(通常由时间状语指明)动作正在进行。
At 8 o’clock last night, I was watching TV.(昨晚八点,我正在看电视。)
What were you doing when I called?(我打电话时,你正在做什么?)
2. 描述过去特定时间段内持续进行的动作
表示在过去的某一段持续时间内,动作一直在持续。
He was working on his project all day yesterday.(他昨天一整天都在做项目。)
They were traveling in Europe during the summer.(整个夏天他们都在欧洲旅行。)
3. 作为故事背景,为另一动作的发生提供场景
常用于叙述中,用过去进行时描述“背景”,用一般过去时描述“背景中发生的具体事件”。
It was raining heavily when we left the house.(我们离开家时,正下着大雨。)
While I was walking in the park, I saw an old friend.(我正在公园散步时,遇到了一位老朋友。)
4. 表示过去同时进行的两个动作
用 while 或 as 连接两个过去进行时的句子。
My father was reading the newspaper while my mother was cooking.(我爸爸在看报纸,而我妈妈在做饭。)
5. 表示过去暂时的或未完成的动作
强调动作在当时是临时的、正在进行但未结束的状态。
I was living in London in 2015.(2015年那段时间我正住在伦敦。)(暗示是暂时的)
对比:I lived in London for 5 years.(我在伦敦住了5年。)(用一般过去时,表示一个完成的、持续的事实)
6. 与“always”等词连用,表示过去反复发生的习惯性动作(常含感情色彩)
表达赞赏、批评或抱怨等情绪。
He was always helping others.(他过去总是帮助别人。)(赞赏)
She was constantly complaining about her job.(她过去老是抱怨她的工作。)(厌烦)
【易错提醒】
有些动词通常不用于进行时,主要有:
1. 表示心理状态、情感的动词,如love、hate、like、know等。
2. 部分连系动词,如seem、appear等。
3. 感官动词,如see、hear、smell、sound、taste等。
4. 短暂性动词,如decide、stop等。
1.(24-25九年级上·安徽合肥·阶段练习)—Did you see Dorothy? She just came back from abroad.
—Yes. But she ______ someone, so I smiled at her and went away.
A.phones B.is phoning C.was phoning D.has phoned
2.(2025·安徽安庆·二模)—What a heavy rain! When did it start?
—I _________ on the way to my office then.
A.drove B.will drive C.have driven D.was driving
3.(2025·安徽安庆·模拟预测)—I heard some strange noise from your room yesterday afternoon. Was everything OK?
—Sure. I ________, preparing to show myself at the welcoming party for the new foreign teacher.
A.dance B.am dancing C.will dance D.was dancing
4.(2025·安徽黄山·一模)—Have you finished your homework yet?
—No, I _______ it all day, but I haven’t finished it.
A.did B.have done C.was doing D.am doing
5.(2025·安徽合肥·模拟预测)—Did you have a good sleep last night?
—No. My neighbor ________ the guitar the whole night.
A.is playing B.has played C.was playing D.plays
6.(2025·安徽·一模)—I saw the light of your room was still on at two o’ clock last night.
—Oh, I ________ a football match of the European Cup.
A.watched B.have watched C.will watch D.was watching
7.(2025·安徽阜阳·一模)—I didn’t see you at the lantern fair yesterday afternoon. Where were you then?
—I ________ lessons with my friend in the library.
A.reviewed B.have reviewed C.was reviewing D.had reviewed
8.(24-25九年级上·安徽淮南·月考)—Has Jack finished his homework yet?
—Oh, sorry, I didn’t know. But he ________ it the whole afternoon.
A.would do B.did C.was doing D.had done
9.(23-24九年级上·安徽六安·期末)—I called you just now, but there was no answer, Peter.
—Oh, I ________ books in my room. Maybe I didn’t hear it.
A.read B.am reading C.was reading D.will read
10.(23-24九年级上·安徽合肥·期末)—He didn’t reply to me when I asked him about some questions.
—Maybe he _________ about something else at that time.
A.is thinking B.thought
C.was thinking D.has thought
考点六 现在完成时
1.现在完成时的句子结构
(1)肯定句
主语+have/has +动词过去分词
I have seen the film before . 我以前看过这部电影。
(2)否定句
主语+have/has not +过去分词
I haven’t seen the film before.我以前没看过这部电影。
(3)一般疑问句
Have/has +主语+过去分词
Have you seen the film before? 你昨天看过这部电影吗?
2.过去进行时的具体用法
1. 已完成用法:过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果
核心:动作发生在过去,但说话的焦点是现在的结果或状态,而非动作发生的时间。
例句:
I have lost my keys. (我把钥匙弄丢了。)(结果:我现在没有钥匙,进不了门。)
He has finished his homework. (他做完作业了。)(结果:他现在可以玩了。)
常见信号词:already(已经), just(刚刚), yet(还/已经), recently(最近)
2. 未完成用法:从过去持续到现在的动作或状态
核心:动作或状态始于过去,一直持续到现在,并可能继续下去。
必须与“延续性动词”或“表示状态”的动词连用(如 live, work, study, know, be)。
例句:
I have lived here for ten years. (我住在这里十年了。)(从十年前住到现在)
She has been a teacher since 2010. (她从2010年起就是老师。)(从2010年持续到现在)
标志性时间状语:
for + 时间段(for two hours, for three days)
since + 时间点(since last Monday, since 1999)
How long...?(询问持续时间)
3. 经验用法:过去到现在为止的生命经历
核心:表示主语从过去到现在人生中曾经有过的经历,强调“有没有做过”,不关心具体时间。
常与“ever”(曾经)、“never”(从未)、“次数”(once, twice)连用。
例句:
Have you ever been to Japan? (你去过日本吗?)
I have never seen a real panda. (我从未见过真熊猫。)
He has read this book three times. (这本书他读过三遍了。)
【易错提醒】
非延续性动词(如 buy, die, join, leave, borrow)在肯定句中不能与 for/since 引导的持续性时间状语连用,表示“未完成”用法。
错误:~~He has died for three years.~~(die是瞬间动作,不能持续)
正确:He died three years ago. 或 He has been dead for three years.(把非延续动词换成延续性状态)
have been to vs. have gone to
has/have been to:表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”,是一种经验。
She has been to Paris twice.(她去过巴黎两次。)
has/have gone to:表示“已经去了某地(现在在路上或在那里,不在这里)”。
She has gone to Paris.(她去巴黎了。)(她现在不在这里,可能在巴黎或路上)
1.(25-26九年级上·安徽淮北·期中)—Your phone looks different. Is it new?
—Yes. I ________ it for two weeks. It has many useful functions.
A.bought B.buy C.have had D.will buy
2.(25-26九年级上·安徽合肥·期中)The students ______ a lot since they started junior high school.
A.change B.will change C.have changed D.changed
3.(25-26九年级上·安徽淮南·期中)It’s been five years ________ we met last time.
A.for B.when C.since D.as
4.(25-26九年级上·安徽淮南·期中)—How long have you been learning to play the guitar, Mike?
—For two years. I’ve kept practicing ________ I was 12 years old.
A.since B.when C.while D.because
5.(25-26九年级上·安徽合肥·期中)Charlie ________ Chinese tea culture since he came to China in 2012.
A.studies B.studied C.is studying D.has studied
6.(25-26九年级上·安徽合肥·阶段练习)—Can you create a short video with the help of AI?
—I am not sure. I ________ it but I will.
A.was trying B.haven’t tried C.don’t try D.didn’t try
7.(2025·安徽亳州·二模)—Bruce _________ so much in the past two years.
—Yeah, he _________ be shy, but now he is outgoing and active.
A.has changed; used to B.changed; is used to
C.changed; used to D.has changed; is used to
8.(25-26九年级上·安徽阜阳·阶段练习)The old man ________ for more than 2 years. People still express their admiration for him online.
A.dies B.died C.had died D.has been dead
9.(24-25九年级下·安徽池州·期中)—You look down, Roy. What’s up?
—Yeah. I ________ mistakes in my report.
A.will make B.was making C.make D.have made
10.(2025·安徽淮北·三模)—The old soldier ________ over 3,000,000 yuan to help poor children with their education over these years.
—I think he is really the hero.
A.donates B.was donating C.has donated D.will donate
考点七 易混时态辨析
1. 一般现在时 VS 现在进行时
维度
一般现在时
现在进行时
动作
常态、习惯、客观规律(重复 / 稳定)
此刻正在进行或现阶段持续做某事
时间
无特定时刻(every day、always...)
当下具体时刻或现阶段(now、at 8 a.m.、these days...)
例句
She drinks milk every day.她每天喝牛奶。
She is drinking milk now.她现在正在喝牛奶。
2. 一般过去时 VS 过去进行时
维度
一般过去时
过去进行时
动作
短暂完成、一次性动作
过去某段时间内持续进行的动作
时间
过去的模糊时间点 / 段(yesterday、last week)
过去的精确时刻 / 时段(at 9 p.m. last night)
例句
He finished his homework last night.他昨晚写完了作业。
He was doing homework at 9 p.m. last night.昨晚 9 点他正在写作业。
3. 一般过去时 VS 现在完成时
维度
一般过去时
现在完成时
动作
过去的独立动作(与现在无关)
过去动作延续到现在 / 对现在有影响
时间
过去的具体时间(in 2020)
包含 “现在” 的时间(already、since 2020)
例句
He visited Beijing in 2020.他 2020 年去过北京。
He has lived in Beijing since 2020.他从 2020 年起住在北京。
1.(25-26九年级上·江西赣州·阶段练习)People in Nanchang ________ to Bayi Square to celebrate National Day with grand flag-raising ceremonies every year.
A.are rushing B.will rush C.rush D.were rushing
2.(25-26九年级上·北京·阶段练习)I love the Mid-Autumn Festival because all kinds of mooncakes ________ in the shops.
A.appear B.appeared C.were appearing D.appears
3.(25-26九年级上·上海·期中)I went to Hainan last year, and I ________ there for three months.
A.has stayed B.had stayed C.stayed D.was staying
4.(25-26九年级上·江西景德镇·期中)—Have you read this novel?
—Yes, I ________ it several days ago.
A.read B.has read C.had read D.reads
5.(25-26九年级上·天津红桥·月考)—Tony, your shoes are dirty.
—Oh, just leave them there, Mum. I ________ them with my clothes.
A.wash B.will wash C.washed D.have washed
6.(25-26九年级上·江西南昌·期中)—I have never been to the art and science fair.
—Don’t worry. I ________ it to you before the fair.
A.will introduce B.introduced C.have introduced D.introduce
7.(25-26九年级上·江西九江·期中)—I haven’t finished my dinner yet.
—Hurry up! Our friends ________ for us at the gate.
A.wait B.are waiting C.have waited D.will wait
8.(24-25九年级上·云南昆明·期末)Holly prefers playing the piano to ________ the violin. Listen! She ________ the piano in her room.
A.play; is playing B.playing; plays C.playing; is playing D.play; plays
9.(24-25九年级上·上海徐汇·期末)I didn’t hear what Jane said because I ________ to the news on the radio.
A.am listening B.was listening C.listen D.have listened
10.(25-26九年级上·上海静安·期中)—Excuse me.Where’s Mr Hu?
—Oh,he _______ the canteen for lunch. He’ll be back soon.
A.goes to B.has gone to C.went to D.has been to
11.(24-25九年级上·甘肃庆阳·期末)—Dad, I can’t find my watch. Did you see it?
—No, I didn’t. I think you ________ it!
A.lose B.will lose C.have lost D.are losing
12.(25-26九年级上·北京海淀·期中)Many tourists ________ this ancient town since it became famous online.
A.visit B.have visited C.are visiting D.will visit
13.(24-25九年级上·云南保山·期中)So far, China’s space industry ________. Without doubt, it is the pride of us Chinese.
A.succeeds B.succeeded C.has succeeded D.is succeeding
14.(25-26九年级上·甘肃定西·期中)My parents ________ in the kitchen when I got home yesterday evening. They were making dinner.
A.work B.worked C.were working D.are working
15.(25-26九年级上·甘肃定西·期中)Danny, together with his classmates________ the schoolyard when I saw him.
A.is cleaning B.was cleaning C.are cleaning D.were cleaning
一、中考真题
1.(2025·安徽·中考真题)—The robots ________ each other to the finish line.
—How exciting! Our robot is going to win.
A.raced B.were racing C.race D.are racing
2.(2024·安徽·中考真题)—Excuse me, may I use your dictionary? I ________ mine behind.
—Sure. Here you are.
A.leave B.have left C.will leave D.was leaving
3.(2023·安徽·中考真题)— Jim, I’ve got a problem with my car. Could you help me?
— Sorry, not right now. I ________ a short video.
A.make B.have made C.am making D.was making
4.(2025·西藏·中考真题)I ________ some good friends since I came to this school.
A.has made B.have made C.make D.made
5.(2025·江苏淮安·中考真题)—What will you do tomorrow?
—I ________ the museum to learn about the local history.
A.visit B.visited C.will visit D.are visiting
6.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)Thanks a million, Julie! If it ________, you will be my angel!
A.works B.will work C.fails D.will fail
7.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)The therapy centre is on High Street and it ________ service for over 10 years.
A.has started B.has been in C.has stopped D.has been out of
8.(2025·江苏常州·中考真题)Suzy ________ her bedroom at this time yesterday, so she didn’t go shopping.
A.tidies B.tidied C.is tidying D.was tidying
9.(2025·江苏徐州·中考真题)Oh, you are growing so fast, Paul! Soon you ________ taller than your dad.
A.are B.were C.have been D.will be
10.(2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题)Now the students in primary and junior high schools ______ a 15-minute break between classes.
A.had B.will have C.have D.would have
11.(2025·四川广元·中考真题)—Amy recently won a prize from the Help Save Our Society. Can you guess ________?
—It’s said that she built a house out of rubbish.
A.what did she do B.what she did C.what does she do D.what she does
12.(2025·北京·中考真题)— Linda, do you know ________ for the school trip this term?
— Yes. We are going to the Capital Museum.
A.where we are going B.where we went C.where are we going D.where did we go
13.(2025·吉林长春·中考真题)The movie Ne Zha 2 ________ with the public since it came out.
A.has been popular B.is popular C.was popular D.will be popular
14.(2025·甘肃金昌·中考真题)—Cindy, my sunglasses are on the floor and they are broken. What happened?
—Sorry, dear. I don’t know. I _________ in the kitchen then.
A.cook B.was cooking C.have cooked D.will cook
15.(2025·江苏扬州·中考真题)During Guyu, the temperature usually ________ a lot and rain increases.
A.rises B.rose C.is rising D.has risen
二、中考模拟真题
16.(2025·全国·模拟预测)I didn’t hear what you said just now because I ________ a phone.
A.will answer B.am answering C.have answered D.was answering
17.(2025·全国·模拟预测)—What a heavy rain! When did it start?
—It started at about seven this morning. I ________ the newspaper at home then.
A.read B.will read C.have read D.was reading
18.(2025·江西景德镇·三模)—I didn’t see you at the party last night.
—Oh, I ________ my grandparents in the countryside. They were ill.
A.am visiting B.visit C.will visit D.was visiting
19.(2025·江西宜春·一模)—Where is Grace?
—I’m not sure. Maybe she ________ her baseball lesson.
A.had B.was having C.is having D.will have
20.(2025·江西赣州·一模)—I feel so proud that Zheng Qinwen, the young Chinese tennis player, won the second place in the Australian Open.
—Me, too. It’s also surprising to find she ________ to seventh in her field in just a few months.
A.climbed B.has climbed C.is climbing D.climbs
21.(2025·甘肃武威·一模)She used ________ on the right in China, so she is not used ________ on the left in England at first.
A.to driving; to driving B.to drive; to driving
C.to drive; to drive D.to drive; drive
22.(2025·甘肃武威·一模)She ________ the Internet when her mother came home.
A.surfs B.has surfed C.is surfing D.was surfing
23.(2025·江西吉安·模拟预测)—How time flies. It is time for us to leave our senior school now.
—Yes, and we ________ a university this September.
A.entered B.will enter C.was entering D.have entered
24.(2025·江西吉安·模拟预测)—Look! Jack ________ 250 soft toys in total so far.
—Wow. Now I know how much he loves them.
A.will collect B.was collecting C.has collected D.is collecting
25.(24-25九年级上·江苏常州·月考)We’re not sure if they ________ the concert in two weeks. If it ________, they must practice hard.
A.will hold, holds B.will hold, is held C.hold, will be held D.hold, holds
26.(2025·西藏·一模)—Listen! What’s that noise?
—Oh, the boys ________ the cows and they’re very excited.
A.feed B.fed C.are feeding D.will feed
27.(2025·江西九江·三模)The Smiths ______ in Shanghai since 2015. They love the city.
A.live B.have lived C.will live D.lived
28.(2025·黑龙江佳木斯·三模)The old man _______ for ten years.
A.died B.has died C.has been dead D.has been died
29.(2025·广东汕头·二模)The number of the visitors to the museum ________ by 3,000 in the last two months.
A.increase B.increases C.has increased D.have increased
30.(2025·云南昆明·三模)—Where’s Steve these days?
—He’s not in town. He ________ to Shanghai for a business meeting.
A.will go B.is going C.has gone D.has been
31.(2025·黑龙江佳木斯·三模)—What were you doing at 8:00 last night?
—I _______ rubbish with my classmates by Zijiang River.
A.picked up B.am picking up C.was picking up D.pick up
32.(2025·云南昆明·三模)I saw him on the playground yesterday. He ________ tennis at that moment.
A.plays B.is playing C.was playing D.will play
33.(2025·黑龙江佳木斯·三模)The students in our school ________ many trees already.
A.plant B.planted C.have planted D.will plant
34.(2025·云南·模拟预测)The new AI application ________ daily life by helping people with tasks like translation and information retrieval.
A.changes B.changed C.is changing D.will change
35.(2025·江西九江·模拟预测)—Our country really makes great progress in space development.
—I couldn’t agree more. It ________ greatly in recent years.
A.has improved B.would improve C.was improving D.will improve
36.(2025·甘肃张掖·二模)When I got to the classroom, I realized that all my classmates ________.
A.arrive B.have arrived C.had arrived D.were arriving
37.(2025·广东汕头·三模)—Tom, I didn’t see you and your wife at the party in the company yesterday evening.
—Oh, we ________ my son’s graduation at home.
A.celebrated B.have celebrated C.was celebrating D.were celebrating
38.(2025·吉林长春·三模)It has been three years since I last ______ back to my hometown.
A.to go B.went C.go D.going
39.(2025·黑龙江佳木斯·三模)My father ________ TV every evening.
A.watch B.watches C.watched D.is watching
40.(2025·吉林长春·二模)The students ________ a lot since they started junior high school.
A.change B.changed C.have changed D.changes
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第01讲 谓语动词的时态
目录
01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
02 思维导图·网络构建 3
03 考点通关·靶向突破 4
★ 考点一 一般现在时 4
★ 考点二 一般过去时 7
考点三 一般将来时 10
★ 考点四 现在进行时 12
考点五 过去进行时 14
★ 考点六 现在完成时 16
考点七 易混时态辨析 19
04 优题精选·练能提分 20
考点
课标要求
复习目标
一般现在时
· 掌握一般现在时的构成和用法
1.系统复习并掌握时态的基本知识,强化在复杂语境中辨别时态的能力;
2. 熟练运用各种时态:三个一般时、两个进行时和现在完成时;
3. 掌握几种易混时态的区别。
一般过去时
· 掌握一般过去时的构成和用法
一般将来时
· 掌握一般将来时的构成和用法
现在进行时
· 掌握现在进行时的构成和用法
过去进行时
· 掌握过去进行时的构成和用法
现在完成时
· 掌握现在完成时的构成和用法
易混时态辨析
· 掌握几种易混时态的区别,在复杂语境中辨别时态的能力
命题预测
动词的时态是中考的必考点之一。主要有以下命题角度:一般现在时、一般过去时(高频)、现在进行时(高频)、过去进行时、现在完成时(高频)、一般将来时。
主要在单项选择、完形填空、和单词拼写中考查。
解题锦囊
锦囊1:根据“标志性状语”
在题干中,yesterday, tomorrow, always, since, in the past few years, over the years, by+时间,so far等都是动词时态常用的标志性状语,做题时可以通过寻找这些标志性状语来判定时态。
锦囊2:根据“并列谓语”
当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时,它们之间可能是同时发生,也可能有一定的先后关系,我们可以根据这种谓语动词的关系来判定时态。同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语,谓语动词的时态要一致。
锦囊3:根据“语境暗示”
有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下,通过“语境暗示”,正确分析语境也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。
锦囊4:根据“时态定义”
准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。
锦囊5:根据“固定句式”
掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方法。
注意:解答动词题时,首先应当分辨是否为谓语。如果是谓语,紧接着在文中寻找标志性时间状语或固定句型的标志词,然后结合复杂语境中的逻辑意思进一步确定时态、语态和主谓一致。
考点一 一般现在时
1.一般现在时的句子结构
(1)肯定句
主语+be(am, is, are)+其他
I am a freshman. 我是个新生。
主语(非第三人称单数)+动词原形+其他
I go to school by car. 我开车去学校。
主语(第三人称单数)+动词三单形式+其他
She gets up early every morning.
她每天早上都起得很早。
第三人称单数变化规则:
①一般情况,加-s,如:eat→eats; rise→rises
②以-s、-x、-ch、-sh、-o、-z结尾的动词,加-es,如:discuss→discusses; teach→teaches
③以“辅音字母加-y”结尾的动词,变-y为-ies,如:carry→carries; fly→flies
(2)否定句
主语+be(am, is, are)+not+其他
I am not a freshman. 我不是新生。
主语(非第三人称单数)+don’t+动词原形+其他
I don’t go to school by car.
我不是开车去学校。
主语(第三人称单数)+doesn’t+动词原形+其他
She doesn’t get early every morning.
每天早上她起得不早。
(3)一般疑问句
Be(Am, Is, Are)+主语+其他
Are you a freshman? 你是新生吗?
Do+主语(非第三人称单数)+动词原形+其他
Do you go to school by car?
你开车去学校吗?
Does+主语(第三人称单数)+动词原形+其他
Does she get up early every morning?
她每天早上都起得很早吗?
2.常与一般现在时连用的标志词
频率副词
always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never
on+星期复数
on Mondays,on weekends
in +早中晚
in the morning
every
every day,every year
固定周期
once a week,twice a year
3. 一般现在时的具体用法
1.表示经常性的动作,常与usually,always,often,sometimes,never,every day等表示频度的时间状语连用。
On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour to drive to work.
星期一早晨,我通常花费一小时开车去上班。
2.表示客观真理、格言或者警句等。
As we all know, the earth travels around the sun. 众所周知,地球围绕太阳转。
3.表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作。动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, live, fly等,常用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作。
My dream school starts at 8:30 am and ends at 3:30 pm.
我理想的学校上午8:30上课,下午3:30放学。
4.在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
If you come this afternoon, we'll have a meeting. 如果你今天下午过来,我们将开个会。
5.以here/there开头引导的倒装句,表示正在发生的动作/状态
There goes the bell.铃响了。
6.用于文章标题、图片说明、电影说明、戏剧内容及场景解说等。
The film explores the daily lives of ordinary people in a small town.
这部电影探索了小镇上普通人的日常生活。
【易错提醒】
1. 表示客观真理时,宾语从句不受主句的限制,用一般现在时。
2. if 条件状语从句中可用shall 或will 表示意愿,但不表示时态。
3. be, like, hate, sound, believe, want, belong等,常用一般现在时。
4. 句型I hope, I bet等后面的that...从句及句型make sure that从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
1.(25-26九年级上·安徽蚌埠·阶段练习)—Why do you always take the 7:00 a.m. bus, Lily?
—Because it ________ me to school right before the first bell (铃声).
A.takes B.is taking C.took D.will take
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——莉莉,你为什么总是坐早上7点的公交车?——因为它在第一声铃响前把我送到学校。
考查动词的时态。根据“always”可知此句描述的是日常习惯性行为,应使用一般现在时。主语it是第三人称单数,谓语动词应用单三形式takes。故选A。
2.(2025·安徽芜湖·模拟预测)—Do you like swimming, Jack?
—Yes, I do. Swimming regularly ________ my heart healthy and helps me stay energetic, so I make it a weekly habit.
A.is keeping B.keeps C.was keeping D.kept
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——杰克,你喜欢游泳吗?——是的,我喜欢。经常游泳可以保持我的心脏健康,帮助我保持活力,所以我把它变成了一个每周的习惯。
考查时态。根据“Swimming regularly…my heart healthy and helps me stay energetic”的语境可知,此处表示事实情况,句子时态为一般现在时。故选B。
3.(2025·安徽六安·模拟预测)The hard life she is used to _________ her become older. But she looks very healthy.
A.making B.be made C.makes D.make
【答案】C
【详解】句意:她习惯的艰苦生活使她变老了。但她看起来很健康。
考查主谓一致。根据“The hard life she is used to...her become older.”可知,空处缺少谓语动词,主语The hard life为单数,根据looks可知,时态为一般现在时,谓语动词用三单形式。故选C。
4.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)The movie Chang’an ________ ancient Chinese poetry to life beautifully.
A.brings B.brought C.will bring D.has brought
【答案】A
【详解】句意:电影《长安三万里》将中国古代诗词生动地呈现出来。
考查动词时态。此句描述的是事实情况,所以用一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,动词用三单形式。故选A。
5.(2025·安徽芜湖·二模)My mother is great. She always ________ me to serve our country after I graduate from college.
A.tells B.told C.has told D.will tell
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我的妈妈很伟大。她总是告诉我大学毕业后要报效祖国。
考查动词时态。根据“always”可知,句子描述的是习惯性、经常性的动作,应用一般现在时。主语“She”是第三人称单数,所以动词用第三人称单数形式“tells”。故选A。
6.(2025·安徽合肥·一模)It’s said that astronauts in space ________ 16 sunrises and sunsets each day.
A.experience B.experiences C.will experience D.are experiencing
【答案】A
【详解】句意:据说宇航员在太空中每天经历16次日出和日落。
考查动词时态。根据“... 16 sunrises and sunsets each day.”可知,句子描述的是一个客观事实,所以用一般现在时,主语astronauts是复数,谓语动词用原形。故选A。
7.(25-26九年级上·江西南昌·期中)—What did the physics teacher say, Jim?
—He told us that light _________ faster than sound.
A.is travelling B.will travel C.travelled D.travels
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——吉姆,物理老师说了什么?——他告诉我们光比声音传播得快。
考查宾语从句的时态。当宾语从句表述客观真理时,即使主句是过去时,从句也需用一般现在时。“光比声音传播得快”是客观真理,因此从句谓语动词用一般现在时,主语light为第三人称单数,故用travels。故选D。
8.(25-26九年级上·北京顺义·期中)Every year, thousands of people ________ Fragrant Hills Park.
A.went to B.go to C.will go D.have gone
【答案】B
【详解】句意:每年,成千上万的人去香山公园。
考查时态。时间状语every year表示习惯性动作,需用一般现在时。故选B。
9.(25-26九年级上·甘肃白银·月考)The teacher together with most of her students ________ to school every day.
A.are walking B.walk C.walks D.walked
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这位老师和她的大多数学生每天步行去学校。
考查主谓一致和时态。根据“every day”可知,该句时态为一般现在时,当“together with”连接两个主语时,谓语动词要与前面的主语保持一致,前面的主语是“The teacher”,为第三人称单数,所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选C。
10.(25-26九年级上·江苏泰州·阶段练习)—Would you please tell me something about the film Nobody (《浪浪山小妖怪》)?
—Of course. It’s an interesting film based on Journey to the West. Not only I but also my twin brother ________ watching it very much.
A.like B.likes C.liking D.liked
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你能给我讲讲《浪浪山小妖怪》这部电影吗?——当然可以。它是一部基于《西游记》改编的有趣电影。不仅我,我双胞胎弟弟也非常喜欢看它。
考查主谓一致和动词时态。like动词原形;likes动词第三人称单数形式;liking现在分词;liked动词过去式。根据“It’s...Not only I but also my twin brother...watching it very much.”语境可知,用一般现在时;“Not only...but also...”连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”,“my twin brother”是第三人称单数,谓语动词用likes,故选B。
考点二 一般过去时
1. 构成及动词过去式的变化规则
谓语动词的构成:did
情况
规则
例词
一般情况
加-ed
play→ played; discuss→discussed
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词
变y为-ied
carry→carried; try→tried
以一个辅音字母结尾的重度闭音节动词
双写辅音字母加-ed
plan→ planned; refer→ referred
以不发音的e结尾的动词
直接加-d
provide→ provided; like→liked
2. 常与一般过去时连用的标志词
时间点类标志词
昨天相关
yesterday(昨天)、the day before yesterday(前天)、yesterday evening(昨晚)、last night(昨晚)
刚才相关
just now(刚才)、a moment ago(片刻前)、three days ago(三天前)
具体过去时间
last week(上周)、last month(上个月)、last year(去年)、in 1998(在1998年)
时间段类标志词
持续性时间
in the past(在过去)、in the past three years(在过去的三年里)
习惯性动作
when I was five(当我五岁时)、at the age of five(五岁时)
模糊时间类标志词
一一般性过去
once(曾经)、long ago(很久以前)、the other day(前几天)
3.一般过去时具体用法
①表示在过去发生的一次性动作或习惯性动作或存在的状态,常用yesterday,last year,in 1995,the other day等作时间状语。
I met him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上遇到他了。
②表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。
He often went to school by bus last term. 上学期他经常乘公共汽车去上学。
③用于固定句型中。
It is/has been+一段时间+since...did sth.自从做某事已经一段时间了
would/had rather sb. did sth.宁愿某人做某事
It is time you went to bed. 到了你上床睡觉的时间了。
④wish, wonder, think, hope等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
I thought you might have some. 我原以为你会有一些的。
⑤在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。
He said he would not go if it rained. 他说要是下雨,他就不去。
⑥有些句子,虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语,但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态,也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know, think, expect等,表示"本来认为"。
I didn’t expect to meet you here. 我没想到会在这儿遇到你。
【巧学妙记】一般过去时用法
动词一般过去时, 过去时间作标记。
表示过去发生事, 谓语要用过去式。
否定句很简单, 主语之后didn’t添。
疑问构成也简单, 主语前面did添。
还有一点不能忘, 后面的谓语现原形。
【易错提醒】
1. 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来;
2. 没有时间状语时灵活选用一般过去时的情况;
3. as if /as though引导的从句中用一般过去表示虚拟语气。
1.(25-26九年级上·安徽淮北·期中)—Look at this old photo! The building in the background ________ a factory, but now it’s a modern library.
—Wow, that’s a big change!
A.used to be B.is used to be C.used to being D.is used to being
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——看这张旧照片!背景中的建筑过去是一个工厂,但现在它是一个现代化的图书馆。——哇,变化真大!
考查used to的用法。used to do sth表示“过去常常做某事”或“过去是”,用于描述过去的状态或习惯,但现在已改变。根据“but now it’s a modern library.”可知,此处表示过去是工厂,used to do sth表示“过去常常做某事”或“过去是”,用于描述过去的状态或习惯,但现在已改变,此处需要使用used to be,表示“过去是”,故选A。
2.(24-25九年级上·安徽淮北·期中)—Linda, you’ve been watching game shows all evening! Have you finished your report?
—Well, I ______ most of it this afternoon, and I’ll finish it by Friday.
A.did B.would do C.was doing D.will do
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——Linda,你整晚都在看游戏节目!你的报告完成了吗?——嗯,我今天下午完成了大部分,我会在周五前完成。
考查动词时态。根据时间状语“this afternoon”可知表示过去发生的动作,应用一般过去时,用did。故选A。
3.(24-25九年级上·安徽淮南·期中)Mrs Wu used to ________ in the country, but now she is used to ________ in the country.
A.live; live B.living; live C.live; living D.lives; lives
【答案】C
【详解】句意:吴太太过去住在乡下,但现在她已经习惯了住在乡下。
考查动词短语辨析。used to do sth.过去常常做某事;be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事。根据“Mrs Wu used to…in the country”可知,此处说的是过去住在乡下,因此第一空填动词原形live;根据“she is used to…in the country.”可知,此处说的是她习惯了住在乡下,因此第二空填动名词living。故选C。
4.(25-26九年级上·安徽·阶段练习)I don’t remember ________ the book yesterday.
A.where I put B.where did I put
C.where will I put D.where I will put
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我不记得昨天把书放在哪里了。
考查宾语从句。where I put我放在哪里,陈述语序;where did I put我放在哪里了,疑问语序;where will I put我会放在哪里,疑问语序;where I will put我会放在哪里,陈述语序。根据“I don’t remember...the book yesterday.”以及选项可知,动词remember后面接的是宾语从句,从句应使用陈述句语序,排除B和C;根据时间状语“yesterday”可知,从句应用一般过去时态。故选A。
5.(25-26九年级上·安徽安庆·阶段练习)A rooster (公鸡) ________ on the grass ________ that he had ________ an egg.
A.lying; lied; laid B.lying; lay; laid C.lie; lied; lain D.laying; lay; lied
【答案】A
【详解】句意:躺在草地上的一只公鸡撒谎说他下了一个蛋。
考查动词辨析。lie躺,过去式为lay,现在分词是lying,过去分词是lain;lie说谎,过去式/过去分词是lied,现在分词是lying;lay下蛋/放置,过去式/过去分词是laid,现在分词是laying。第一空描述公鸡在草地上的动作是“躺”,需要用现在分词lying作后置定语,表示“正在躺着的公鸡”;第二空表示公鸡“说谎”,时态为一般过去时,用词用过去式lied;第三空表示“下蛋”,had后需要过去分词laid,构成过去完成时。故选A。
6.(24-25九年级上·安徽·阶段练习)—You have found your lost dictionary, haven’t you?
—Yes. I ________ it behind the door this afternoon.
A.have found B.will find C.found D.find
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你找到你丢失的词典了,是吗?——是的。我今天下午在门后找到了它。
考查动词时态。根据时间状语“this afternoon”可知应用一般过去时,故用found。故选C。
7.(25-26九年级上·安徽宿州·阶段练习)We were tired. So we ________ out the quilt on the floor in the tent and ________ down to have a rest.
A.lay; laid B.laid; lay C.laid; lied D.lied; lay
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们累了。所以我们把被子铺在帐篷的地板上,然后躺下来休息。
考查动词短语和动词的过去式。“lay out”表示“铺开,展开”,其过去式是“laid”;“lie down”表示“躺下”,“lie”作“躺”讲时,过去式是“lay”。结合语境,第一空用“laid”,第二空用“lay”。故选B。
8.(25-26九年级上·安徽六安·阶段练习)—These farmers have been in the United States for a week.
—Really? When ________ there?
A.will they go B.have they been C.did they go D.have they gone
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——这些农民在美国已经待了一周了。——真的吗?他们什么时候去的?
考查时态。根据“These farmers have been in the United States for a week.”及“When ... there”可知,此处是询问这些农民什么时候去的美国,强调过去的动作,用一般过去时。故选C。
9.(23-24九年级上·安徽合肥·期末)There ______ a river in front of the house, but now the government has turned it into farmland.
A.used to be B.used to have C.is used to be D.is used to have
【答案】A
【详解】句意:房子前面过去有一条河,但现在政府已经把它变成了农田。
考查动词短语。there be句型不与have连用,可排除BD选项;used to do“过去常常/过去存在某事”;be used to do“被用来做某事”。根据“a river in front of the house,”可知,此处表示房子前面过去有一条河,用There used to be...。故选A。
10.(2025·安徽宿州·模拟预测)Our teacher ________ the class trip after watching the weather report last night.
A.was cancelling B.was cancelled C.cancels D.cancelled
【答案】D
【详解】句意:昨晚看了天气预报后,我们的老师取消了班级旅行。
考查时态。根据“last night”可知,此处表示过去的事情,句子时态为一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故选D。
考点三 一般将来时
1.一般将来时的句子结构
(1)肯定句
主语 + will + 动词原形
She will call you tomorrow.(她明天会给你打电话。)
主语 + be (am/is/are) + going to + 动词原形
They are going to travel to Japan next week.(他们下周要去日本旅行。)
(2)否定句
主语 + will not (won’t) + 动词原形
I won’t forget your help.(我不会忘记你的帮助。)
主语 + be动词 + not + going to + 动词原形
He isn’t going to attend the meeting.(他不打算参加会议。)
(3)一般疑问句
Be动词 + 主语 + going to + 动词原形?
Are you going to buy a new car?(你打算买新车吗?)
Will + 主语 + 动词原形?
Will you come to the party?(你会来参加聚会吗?)
常见表示将来的时间状语:
1.tomorrow系列:tomorrow morning
2.next 系列:next week、next year、next month、next Sunday
3. this系列: this year、this Sunday、this weekend
4. in系列: in an hour、in two days
5.其他:from now on;in the future;soon;some day等。
2.一般现在时的具体用法
1. will 的常见使用场景:
临时决定:说话时刚做出的决定。
例句:A: The phone is ringing!(电话响了!)
B: I’ll answer it.(我去接。)
预测未来(无明确计划)。
例句:I think it will rain tomorrow.(我觉得明天会下雨。)
承诺、请求或威胁。
例句:I will always love you.(我会永远爱你。)
2. be going to 的常见使用场景:
事先计划好的动作。
例句:We’re going to have a picnic this weekend.(我们这周末要去野餐。)
有迹象表明某事即将发生。
例句:Look at the dark clouds! It’s going to rain.(看那些乌云!要下雨了。)
【易错提醒】
一、其他表达将来的方式
1. 现在进行时表将来(多用于已安排好的事件):
例句:I’m meeting my boss at 3 PM.(我下午3点要见老板。)
2. 一般现在时表将来(用于固定日程或时刻表):
例句:The train leaves at 8:00 tonight.(火车今晚8点发车。)
二、注意事项
1. will 和 be going to 的区别:
临时决定 → will
有计划 → be going to
2. 时间状语位置:可放句首或句尾。
例句:Next year, I will study abroad. = I will study abroad next year.
3. 口语中常用缩写:
will not → won’t
I will → I’ll / They are going to → They’re gonna(非正式)
1.(2025·安徽合肥·三模)—I can’t open the door. My hands are full. Would you please help me?
—OK. I ________ it for you.
A.opened B.will open C.open D.was opening
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我打不开门。我双手都拿着东西。你能帮帮我吗?——好的。我来为你开门。
考查一般将来时。结合语境可知,本句要表达的是“我来为你开门”,时态是一般将来时,应使用“will+动词原形”构成一般将来时,表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。故选B。
2.(2025·安徽合肥·三模)—Why do you practice dancing every day?
—Our team ________ at the city culture festival. We hope it can be a great hit.
A.performs B.will perform C.performed D.has performed
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——为什么你每天练习跳舞?——我们团队将在城市文化节上表演。我们希望它能大受欢迎。
考查一般将来时。performs一般现在时;will perform一般将来时;performed一般过去时;has performed现在完成时。根据“Our team … at the city culture festival. We hope it can be a great hit.”可知,表演还没有开始,因此是将来的事情,用一般将来时。故选B。
3.(2025·安徽·三模)—Where are you going to spend your vacation?
—I haven’t decided yet. Maybe I ________ to Hefei for vacation.
A.go B.went C.will go D.have gone
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你打算去哪里度假?——我还没决定。也许我会去合肥度假。
考查时态。根据“Where are you going to spend your vacation?”可知,此处表示未来的计划或打算,应用一般将来时,结构:will+动词原形。故选C。
4.(2025·安徽蚌埠·模拟预测)—Anna, please come to my party this Sunday.
—Sorry, I ________ for the coming final exam this weekends. I’m very worried about it.
A.prepare B.have prepared C.will prepare D.prepared
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——安娜,这个星期天请来参加我的派对。——对不起,我要为这周末的期末考试准备,我很担心。
考查时态。prepare准备,一般现在时;have prepared准备,现在完成时;will prepare准备,一般将来时;prepared准备,一般过去时。根据“this weekends”可知本句时态应为一般将来时,故选C。
5.(2025·安徽·二模)—What’s your weekend plan, Sally?
—I ________ the mountain near our city with my friends.
A.climb B.climbed C.has climbed D.will climb
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——Sally,你的周末计划是什么?——我要和朋友们去爬城市附近的山。
考查将来时态。climb爬,一般现在时;climbed爬, 一般过去时:has climbed已经爬,现在完成时;will climb将爬,一般将来时。根据问句“weekend plan”可知,答语需用将来时描述未发生的动作。故选D。
6.(2025·安徽芜湖·模拟预测)—Sorry, we don’t have the cake you want now.
—Well, I ________ my friend and ask him to pick another dish.
A.called B.will call C.call D.have called
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——抱歉,我们现在没有你想要的那种蛋糕了。——好吧,我会给我的朋友打电话,让他选另一种餐点。
考查动词时态。根据“we don’t have the cake you want now”可知,“给朋友打电话让他选另一种餐点”这个动作还没有发生,是说话人在听到没有想要的蛋糕之后打算要做的事情,所以应该用一般将来时。故选B。
7.(2025·安徽安庆·一模)—What are your plans for this weekend?
—I ________ the science museum. I hear there’s a new robot show.
A.visit B.visited C.have visited D.am going to visit
【答案】D
【详解】句意:—— 你这个周末有什么计划?—— 我打算去参观科学博物馆。我听说有一个新的机器人展览。
考查一般将来时。根据“What are your plans for this weekend?”可知,问句询问的是周末的计划,答句应使用一般将来时来表达计划做某事。“be going to do sth.”是一般将来时的结构,表示打算、计划做某事。故选D。
8.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)The new campus gymnasium, built with private enterprise sponsorship, ______ next month.
A.opens B.opened C.will open D.was opened
【答案】C
【详解】句意:由私人企业赞助兴建的新校园体育馆将于下个月开放。
考查动词时态。根据题干中的时间状语“next month”可知,动作发生在将来,因此需要使用将来时态。选项A为一般现在时,B为一般过去时,D为过去被动语态,均不符合时间状语的要求。选项C“will open”为一般将来时,符合题意,故选C。
9.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)—Do you know if there ________ a food safety training in our school next week?
—If there ________, I will let you know.
A.will be; will be B.will be; is C.is; will be D.is; is
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你知道下周我们学校会有食品安全培训吗?——如果有,我会告诉你。
考查条件状语从句。第一空询问未来是否会有培训,用一般将来时“will be”;第二空是条件句,主句用“will”,从句用一般现在时“is”。故选B。
10.(24-25九年级上·安徽阜阳·阶段练习)There ________ lots of people coming to see the movie this evening. You’d better come earlier to get a seat.
A.will be B.be C.to be D.was
【答案】A
【详解】句意:今晚会有很多人来看电影。你最好早点来找个座位。
考查一般将来时。根据“this evening”以及“You’d better come earlier to get a seat.”可知,此处描述的是将要发生的事情,应该用一般将来时,句子是there be句型,此处用will be。故选A。
考点四 现在进行时
1.现在进行时的句子结构
① 肯定句:主语+be(am/is/are)+动词的现在分词(+其他).
The man is playing golf. 那名男子正在打高尔夫球。
② 否定句:主语+be(am/is/are)+not+动词的现在分词(+其他).
He is not playing football in the playground now. 他现在不在操场上踢足球。
③ 一般疑问句:Be(Am/Is/Are)+主语+动词的现在分词(+其他)?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语+be(am/is/are).
否定回答:No, 主语+be(am/is/are)+not.
—Are you listening to music? 你在听音乐吗?
—Yes, I am. 是的,我在听。
—Is he doing his homework? 他正在做家庭作业吗?
—No, he isn’t. 不,他没在做。
④ 特殊疑问句:
(1)疑问词(不作主语)+be(am/is/are)+主语+动词的现在分词(+其他)?
—What is your father doing? 你的爸爸正在做什么?
—He is watching TV.他正在看电视。
(2)疑问词(作主语)+be(am/is/are)+动词的现在分词(+其他)?
—Who is speaking in the room? 谁正在房间里说话?
—Tom. 汤姆。
注意:现在进行时的特殊疑问句不可直接用Yes或No回答,而要根据实际情况回答。
2.现在进行时的具体用法
①表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,句中常出现now、at this moment等标志性词语。
We are watching TV now. 我们现在正在看电视。
②“Look!”、“Listen!”、“Be quiet!”、“Be quick!”等标志性用语提示动作正在进行,此时要用现在进行时。
Listen! Someone is singing. 听!有人正在唱歌。
注意:
一些时态为现在进行时的句子不含时态标志成分,这时要根据具体语境来分辨。
—Where is your father? 你爸爸在哪儿?
—Oh, he is reading in the study. 哦,他正在书房里看书。
③ 表示当前一段时间内一直在进行或重复的动作,但说话时未必正在进行,句中常含有these days、this week等时间状语。
Mark is writing a novel these days. 马克这些天一直在写一部小说。
④ 表示某个按最近的计划或安排将要发生的动作,句中的动词常是表示位置移动的动词,如come、go、leave、arrive 等。
We’re leaving for Shanghai next week. 下周我们要动身去上海。
【巧学妙记】动词的现在分词的变化规则
大部分动词
直接加-ing
walk→walking show→showing
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词
去掉e,再加-ing
come→coming dance→dancing
以ie结尾的动词
变ie为y,再加-ing
lie→ lying tie→tying die→dying
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词
双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-ing
get→getting plan→planning
1.(25-26九年级上·安徽淮南·期中)—Did you see Linda? I didn’t find her anywhere.
—Look! She is at the playground. She ________ our head teacher Mr. Smith.
A.interviews B.interviewed C.is interviewing D.was interviewing
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你看到琳达了吗?我哪儿都没找到她。——看!她在操场。她正在采访我们的班主任史密斯先生。
考查动词时态。根据“Look”可知,动作正在进行,应用现在进行时(is interviewing)。故选C。
2.(25-26九年级上·安徽合肥·阶段练习)As people pay more and more attention to cultural treasures, ancient book repairing ______ fast in China now.
A.developed B.was developing C.is developing D.will develop
【答案】C
【详解】句意:随着人们对文化瑰宝的关注度越来越高,古籍修复目前在中国发展迅速。
考查时态。根据“now”可知,此处表示正在迅速发展,用现在进行时,其结构为be doing,主语ancient book repairing为名词单数,be动词用is。故选C。
3.(2025·安徽·中考真题)—The robots ________ each other to the finish line.
—How exciting! Our robot is going to win.
A.raced B.were racing C.race D.are racing
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——机器人正在互相竞赛冲向终点线。——太令人兴奋了!我们的机器人要赢了。
考查时态。根据“Our robot is going to win.”可知,说明比赛正在进行中,用现在进行时“am/is/are doing”。故选D。
4.(25-26九年级上·安徽马鞍山·阶段练习)—Where is Jack?
—He is in the study. Look! He _________ the map on the table to try to find some places of interest. Let’s go and look.
A.laid B.will lay C.is laying D.was laying
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——杰克在哪?——他在书房。看!他正在桌上摊开地图,试图寻找一些景点。我们过去看看吧。
考查动词的时态,根据“Look!”可知,动作正在发生,故此处应用现在进行时,即“is laying”表示“正在铺开”。故选C。
5.(2025·江苏扬州·二模)—Have you finished your project yet?
—We ________ on it. There is nothing much I can say at the moment.
A.have worked B.are working C.worked D.will work
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你的项目完成了吗?——我们正在努力。目前我没什么可说的。
考查现在进行时。根据“We ... on it. There is nothing much I can say at the moment.”可知,强调动作正在发生,时态用现在进行时,故选B。
6.(2025·安徽合肥·模拟预测)—Listen! Some foreign artists ________ My Homeland in Chinese.
—Yes. Their beautiful voices show their love for Chinese culture.
A.sing B.sang C.are singing D.will sing
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——听!一些外国艺术家正在用中文演唱《我的祖国》。——是的。他们美妙的嗓音展现了他们对中国文化的热爱。
考查时态辨析。根据“Listen!”可知,这里强调此时此刻正在发生的动作,应用现在进行时,其结构为“be动词 + 现在分词”,“Some foreign artists”是复数,be动词用are,sing的现在分词是singing,所以用are singing,故选C。
7.(2025·安徽马鞍山·二模)—Our foreign teacher ________ for Australia on Sunday. Shall we go to see him off at the airport?
—Good idea! Thanks to him, we have much progress in English.
A.is leaving B.left C.has left D.was leaving
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我们的外教星期天要去澳大利亚。我们去机场给他送行好吗?——好主意!多亏了他,我们的英语进步很大。
考查现在进行时表将来。根据“on Sunday”和“Shall we go to see him off at the airport?”可知,外教将要动身去澳大利亚,leave用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作,其结构为“am/is/are+doing”。故选A。
8.(2025·安徽宿州·一模)—Hey, Tom! Where is your mom?
—She ______ Hefei Lobster (龙虾) in the kitchen right now. It’s our family’s favorite dish.
A.cooks B.is cooking C.has cooked D.was cooking
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——嘿,汤姆!你妈妈在哪儿?——她正在厨房做合肥龙虾。这是我们全家最爱吃的菜。
考查现在进行时。根据问句“Where is your mom?”以及答句中的“right now”可知,这里询问的是此刻正在发生的动作,要用现在进行时。故选B。
9.(2025·安徽合肥·二模)Our knowledge of the universe (宇宙) ________ all the time.
A.is grown B.has grown C.is growing D.was grown
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们对宇宙的知识一直在增长。
考查动词时态。根据时间状语“all the time”可知,表示一段时间一直持续的一种状态,时态是现在进行时,谓语动词构成是“am/is/are+现在分词”。故选C。
10.(2025·安徽合肥·一模)—Could you please help me repair the computer, David?
—Wait a moment. I ________ an important interview.
A.will prepare B.have prepared C.am preparing D.was preparing
【答案】C
【详解】句意:—— 大卫,你能帮我修下电脑吗?—— 等一会儿。我正在准备一个重要的面试。
考查现在进行时态。根据“Wait a moment”可知此刻正在做别的事,所以用现在进行时,结构为be+动词的现在分词。故选C。
考点五 过去进行时
1.过去进行时的句子结构
(1)肯定句
主语+be(was,were) +动词ing形式
I was reading at 7 yesterday morning . 昨天早上七点我在读书。
(2)否定句
主语+be(was,were)+not +动词ing原形
I was not reading at 7 yesterday morning . 昨天早上七点我没有读书。
(3)一般疑问句
Be(was,were) +主语+动词原形
Were you reading at 7 yesterday morning? 昨天早上七点你在读书吗?
重要时间状语
1. at 9 o’clock yesterday(昨天九点)
2. at this time last week(上周的这个时候)
3. from 7 to 9 last night(昨晚7点到9点)
4. all day/morning yesterday(昨天一整天/整个早上)
5. when/while/as(当…时)
6. just as(正当…时)
2.过去进行时的具体用法
1. 描述过去特定时刻正在进行的动作
表示在过去的某一具体时间点(通常由时间状语指明)动作正在进行。
At 8 o’clock last night, I was watching TV.(昨晚八点,我正在看电视。)
What were you doing when I called?(我打电话时,你正在做什么?)
2. 描述过去特定时间段内持续进行的动作
表示在过去的某一段持续时间内,动作一直在持续。
He was working on his project all day yesterday.(他昨天一整天都在做项目。)
They were traveling in Europe during the summer.(整个夏天他们都在欧洲旅行。)
3. 作为故事背景,为另一动作的发生提供场景
常用于叙述中,用过去进行时描述“背景”,用一般过去时描述“背景中发生的具体事件”。
It was raining heavily when we left the house.(我们离开家时,正下着大雨。)
While I was walking in the park, I saw an old friend.(我正在公园散步时,遇到了一位老朋友。)
4. 表示过去同时进行的两个动作
用 while 或 as 连接两个过去进行时的句子。
My father was reading the newspaper while my mother was cooking.(我爸爸在看报纸,而我妈妈在做饭。)
5. 表示过去暂时的或未完成的动作
强调动作在当时是临时的、正在进行但未结束的状态。
I was living in London in 2015.(2015年那段时间我正住在伦敦。)(暗示是暂时的)
对比:I lived in London for 5 years.(我在伦敦住了5年。)(用一般过去时,表示一个完成的、持续的事实)
6. 与“always”等词连用,表示过去反复发生的习惯性动作(常含感情色彩)
表达赞赏、批评或抱怨等情绪。
He was always helping others.(他过去总是帮助别人。)(赞赏)
She was constantly complaining about her job.(她过去老是抱怨她的工作。)(厌烦)
【易错提醒】
有些动词通常不用于进行时,主要有:
1. 表示心理状态、情感的动词,如love、hate、like、know等。
2. 部分连系动词,如seem、appear等。
3. 感官动词,如see、hear、smell、sound、taste等。
4. 短暂性动词,如decide、stop等。
1.(24-25九年级上·安徽合肥·阶段练习)—Did you see Dorothy? She just came back from abroad.
—Yes. But she ______ someone, so I smiled at her and went away.
A.phones B.is phoning C.was phoning D.has phoned
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你看到多萝西了吗?她刚从国外回来。——是的。但她正在给别人打电话,所以我对她笑了笑,然后走开了。
考查动词时态。根据“Did you see Dorothy?”可知,“看到多萝西”发生在过去,且根据“But she ... someone, so I smiled at her and went away.”可知,因为她当时正在给别人打电话,所以我对她笑了笑,然后走开了,应用过去进行时was/were doing,表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。故选C。
2.(2025·安徽安庆·二模)—What a heavy rain! When did it start?
—I _________ on the way to my office then.
A.drove B.will drive C.have driven D.was driving
【答案】D
【详解】句意:—— 好大的雨啊!什么时候开始下的?——那时我正在开车去办公室的路上。
考查动词时态。根据“then”和“When did it start?”可知,是指那时正在发生的事情,应用过去进行时。故选D。
3.(2025·安徽安庆·模拟预测)—I heard some strange noise from your room yesterday afternoon. Was everything OK?
—Sure. I ________, preparing to show myself at the welcoming party for the new foreign teacher.
A.dance B.am dancing C.will dance D.was dancing
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——我昨天下午听到从你房间传来一些奇怪的声音。一切都还好吗?——当然。我当时在跳舞,为在新外教的欢迎派对上展示自己做准备。
考查时态辨析。根据“yesterday afternoon”和语境可知是过去的时间,且表示昨天下午那个时间正在跳舞,应用过去进行时。故选D。
4.(2025·安徽黄山·一模)—Have you finished your homework yet?
—No, I _______ it all day, but I haven’t finished it.
A.did B.have done C.was doing D.am doing
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你做完作业了吗?——不,我一整天都在做,但我还没有完成。
考查过去进行时。根据“I…it all day, but I haven’t finished it”可知,此处指“我一整天都在做作业”,描述过去某个时刻正在做的事情,应用过去进行时,其结构为“was/were doing”。故选C。
5.(2025·安徽合肥·模拟预测)—Did you have a good sleep last night?
—No. My neighbor ________ the guitar the whole night.
A.is playing B.has played C.was playing D.plays
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你昨晚睡得好吗?——不。我的邻居整晚都在弹吉他。
考查动词时态。根据“last night”和“the whole night”可知,邻居昨天晚上一直在弹吉他,描述过去某段时间正在发生的动作要用过去进行时:was/were doing。故选C。
6.(2025·安徽·一模)—I saw the light of your room was still on at two o’ clock last night.
—Oh, I ________ a football match of the European Cup.
A.watched B.have watched C.will watch D.was watching
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——我昨晚两点还看到你房间的灯亮着。——哦,我那时正在看欧洲杯足球赛。
考查动词时态。watched一般过去时;have watched现在完成时;will watch一般将来时;was watching过去进行时。last night at two o’clock意思是“昨晚上两点钟”,为过去的某个时间点,即表示过去某个时刻正在做某事,答句时态需用过去进行时。故选D。
7.(2025·安徽阜阳·一模)—I didn’t see you at the lantern fair yesterday afternoon. Where were you then?
—I ________ lessons with my friend in the library.
A.reviewed B.have reviewed C.was reviewing D.had reviewed
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——昨天下午在灯笼市场上我没有看到你,你在哪里呢?——我和我的朋友在图书馆复习功课。
考查时态。根据“Where were you then?”可知,这里指表示过去某个时间段正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时“was/were doing”,主语为I,be动词用was,故选C。
8.(24-25九年级上·安徽淮南·月考)—Has Jack finished his homework yet?
—Oh, sorry, I didn’t know. But he ________ it the whole afternoon.
A.would do B.did C.was doing D.had done
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——杰克已经完成他的作业了吗?——哦,抱歉,我不知道。但是他整个下午都在做。
考查动词时态。根据“the whole afternoon”可知,这里是强调在过去的整个下午这个时间段里一直在做的动作,用过去进行时“was doing”强调过去某个时间段或时间点正在进行的动作,表示当时一直在做作业,故选C。
9.(23-24九年级上·安徽六安·期末)—I called you just now, but there was no answer, Peter.
—Oh, I ________ books in my room. Maybe I didn’t hear it.
A.read B.am reading C.was reading D.will read
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我刚才给你打了电话,但没有人接,彼得。——哦,我在房间里看书。也许我没听见。
考查时态。根据“I called you just now, but there was no answer, Peter.”可知,空处表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,此处应用过去进行时。故选C。
10.(23-24九年级上·安徽合肥·期末)—He didn’t reply to me when I asked him about some questions.
—Maybe he _________ about something else at that time.
A.is thinking B.thought
C.was thinking D.has thought
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——当我问他一些问题时,他没有回答我。——也许那时他在想别的事情。
考查时态。根据“He didn’t reply to me when I asked him about some questions”和答句“at that time”可知,此处需用过去进行时,结构为was/were+动词ing形式。故选C。
考点六 现在完成时
1.现在完成时的句子结构
(1)肯定句
主语+have/has +动词过去分词
I have seen the film before . 我以前看过这部电影。
(2)否定句
主语+have/has not +过去分词
I haven’t seen the film before.我以前没看过这部电影。
(3)一般疑问句
Have/has +主语+过去分词
Have you seen the film before? 你昨天看过这部电影吗?
2.过去进行时的具体用法
1. 已完成用法:过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果
核心:动作发生在过去,但说话的焦点是现在的结果或状态,而非动作发生的时间。
例句:
I have lost my keys. (我把钥匙弄丢了。)(结果:我现在没有钥匙,进不了门。)
He has finished his homework. (他做完作业了。)(结果:他现在可以玩了。)
常见信号词:already(已经), just(刚刚), yet(还/已经), recently(最近)
2. 未完成用法:从过去持续到现在的动作或状态
核心:动作或状态始于过去,一直持续到现在,并可能继续下去。
必须与“延续性动词”或“表示状态”的动词连用(如 live, work, study, know, be)。
例句:
I have lived here for ten years. (我住在这里十年了。)(从十年前住到现在)
She has been a teacher since 2010. (她从2010年起就是老师。)(从2010年持续到现在)
标志性时间状语:
for + 时间段(for two hours, for three days)
since + 时间点(since last Monday, since 1999)
How long...?(询问持续时间)
3. 经验用法:过去到现在为止的生命经历
核心:表示主语从过去到现在人生中曾经有过的经历,强调“有没有做过”,不关心具体时间。
常与“ever”(曾经)、“never”(从未)、“次数”(once, twice)连用。
例句:
Have you ever been to Japan? (你去过日本吗?)
I have never seen a real panda. (我从未见过真熊猫。)
He has read this book three times. (这本书他读过三遍了。)
【易错提醒】
非延续性动词(如 buy, die, join, leave, borrow)在肯定句中不能与 for/since 引导的持续性时间状语连用,表示“未完成”用法。
错误:~~He has died for three years.~~(die是瞬间动作,不能持续)
正确:He died three years ago. 或 He has been dead for three years.(把非延续动词换成延续性状态)
have been to vs. have gone to
has/have been to:表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”,是一种经验。
She has been to Paris twice.(她去过巴黎两次。)
has/have gone to:表示“已经去了某地(现在在路上或在那里,不在这里)”。
She has gone to Paris.(她去巴黎了。)(她现在不在这里,可能在巴黎或路上)
1.(25-26九年级上·安徽淮北·期中)—Your phone looks different. Is it new?
—Yes. I ________ it for two weeks. It has many useful functions.
A.bought B.buy C.have had D.will buy
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你的手机看起来不一样了。是新的吗?——是的。我已经买了两周了。它有许多有用的功能。
考查现在完成时。根据“for two weeks”可知,此处表示动作从过去持续到现在,应用现在完成时,其结构为“have/has done”。故选C。
2.(25-26九年级上·安徽合肥·期中)The students ______ a lot since they started junior high school.
A.change B.will change C.have changed D.changed
【答案】C
【详解】句意:自从上初中以来,学生们已经改变了很多。
考查时态辨析。change一般现在时;will change一般将来时;have changed现在完成时;changed一般过去时。根据“since they started junior high school”可知,“since+过去的时间点”是现在完成时的标志,其结构是“have/has+过去分词”,主语“The students”是复数,助动词用“have” ,change的过去分词是“changed”,所以用“have changed”。故选C。
3.(25-26九年级上·安徽淮南·期中)It’s been five years ________ we met last time.
A.for B.when C.since D.as
【答案】C
【详解】句意:自从我们上次见面已经五年了。
考查连词辨析。for为了,因为;when当……时候;since自从;as作为,随着。根据“It’s been five years...we met last time.”可知,此处表示“自从我们上次见面已经五年了”,since引导时间状语从句,主句常用现在完成时,符合语境。故选C。
4.(25-26九年级上·安徽淮南·期中)—How long have you been learning to play the guitar, Mike?
—For two years. I’ve kept practicing ________ I was 12 years old.
A.since B.when C.while D.because
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——迈克,你学吉他多久了?——两年。我从12岁起就一直坚持练习。
考查连词辨析。since自从;when当……时;while当……期间;because因为。根据“For two years”和完成时“I’ve kept practicing”可知,since引导时间点,表示“自12岁起”持续至今。故选A。
5.(25-26九年级上·安徽合肥·期中)Charlie ________ Chinese tea culture since he came to China in 2012.
A.studies B.studied C.is studying D.has studied
【答案】D
【详解】句意:查理自2012年来中国后,就一直在学习中国茶文化。
考查动词时态。studies一般现在时;studied一般过去时;is studying现在进行时;has studied现在完成时。根据“since he came to China in 2012”可知,since引导的时间状语从句常与现在完成时连用,has studied符合语境。故选D。
6.(25-26九年级上·安徽合肥·阶段练习)—Can you create a short video with the help of AI?
—I am not sure. I ________ it but I will.
A.was trying B.haven’t tried C.don’t try D.didn’t try
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你能借助人工智能制作一个短视频吗?——我不确定。我还没有尝试过,但我会的。
考查现在完成时的用法。根据“I am not sure. I...it but I will.”可知,此处强调直到现在尚未尝试过,应用现在完成时表示动作对现在有影响,因此使用haven’t tried。故选B。
7.(2025·安徽亳州·二模)—Bruce _________ so much in the past two years.
—Yeah, he _________ be shy, but now he is outgoing and active.
A.has changed; used to B.changed; is used to
C.changed; used to D.has changed; is used to
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——在过去的两年里,布鲁斯改变了很多。——是啊,他过去是害羞的,但现在他外向且活跃。
考查现在完成时和动词短语辨析。第一空,时间状语“in the past two years”表示从过去到现在的一段时间,需用现在完成时,主语“Bruce”是第三人称单数,故用“has changed”;第二空,“used to”后接动词原形,表示“过去常常做某事(现在不做了)”,而“is used to”表示“习惯于”,后接名词或动名词,根据“but now he is outgoing and active”可知,过去害羞但现在不害羞了,故用“used to”。故选A。
8.(25-26九年级上·安徽阜阳·阶段练习)The old man ________ for more than 2 years. People still express their admiration for him online.
A.dies B.died C.had died D.has been dead
【答案】D
【详解】句意:这位老人已经去世两年多了。人们仍在网上表达对他的敬佩。
考查现在完成时的用法。dies一般现在时的三单形式;died一般过去时;had died过去完成时;has been dead现在完成时。根据时间状语“for more than 2 years”可知,句子强调从过去持续到现在的状态,需用现在完成时,且“die”为短暂性动词,不能直接与时间段连用,需转换为延续性状态“has been dead”。故选D。
9.(24-25九年级下·安徽池州·期中)—You look down, Roy. What’s up?
—Yeah. I ________ mistakes in my report.
A.will make B.was making C.make D.have made
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——罗伊,你看起来情绪低落。怎么了?——是啊。我在报告里出了错误。
考查动词时态辨析。will make一般将来时;was making过去进行时;make动词原形;have made现在完成时。根据“You look down,”可知,情绪低落是因为已经发生的事情造成的影响,需用现在完成时表示。故选D。
10.(2025·安徽淮北·三模)—The old soldier ________ over 3,000,000 yuan to help poor children with their education over these years.
—I think he is really the hero.
A.donates B.was donating C.has donated D.will donate
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——这些年来,这位老战士已经捐赠了300多万元来帮助贫困儿童接受教育。——我觉得他真的是英雄。
考查时态。根据“over these years”可知,从过去到现在老战士一直在捐赠,需用现在完成时“have/has done”。故选C。
考点七 易混时态辨析
1. 一般现在时 VS 现在进行时
维度
一般现在时
现在进行时
动作
常态、习惯、客观规律(重复 / 稳定)
此刻正在进行或现阶段持续做某事
时间
无特定时刻(every day、always...)
当下具体时刻或现阶段(now、at 8 a.m.、these days...)
例句
She drinks milk every day.她每天喝牛奶。
She is drinking milk now.她现在正在喝牛奶。
2. 一般过去时 VS 过去进行时
维度
一般过去时
过去进行时
动作
短暂完成、一次性动作
过去某段时间内持续进行的动作
时间
过去的模糊时间点 / 段(yesterday、last week)
过去的精确时刻 / 时段(at 9 p.m. last night)
例句
He finished his homework last night.他昨晚写完了作业。
He was doing homework at 9 p.m. last night.昨晚 9 点他正在写作业。
3. 一般过去时 VS 现在完成时
维度
一般过去时
现在完成时
动作
过去的独立动作(与现在无关)
过去动作延续到现在 / 对现在有影响
时间
过去的具体时间(in 2020)
包含 “现在” 的时间(already、since 2020)
例句
He visited Beijing in 2020.他 2020 年去过北京。
He has lived in Beijing since 2020.他从 2020 年起住在北京。
1.(25-26九年级上·江西赣州·阶段练习)People in Nanchang ________ to Bayi Square to celebrate National Day with grand flag-raising ceremonies every year.
A.are rushing B.will rush C.rush D.were rushing
【答案】C
【详解】句意:南昌人每年都会涌向八一广场,通过盛大的升旗仪式来庆祝国庆节。
考查动词时态。根据题干中的时间状语“every year”可知,句子用一般现在时,主语“People”是复数,谓语动词用原形,故选C。
2.(25-26九年级上·北京·阶段练习)I love the Mid-Autumn Festival because all kinds of mooncakes ________ in the shops.
A.appear B.appeared C.were appearing D.appears
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我喜欢中秋节,因为商店里有各种各样的月饼出现。
考查时态和主谓一致。appear出现,动词原形;appeared过去式;were appearing过去进行时;appears第三人称单数形式。根据“I love the Mid-Autumn Festival because all kinds of mooncakes...”可知,该句描述的是客观事实,时态为一般现在时,主语“all kinds of mooncakes”为复数,谓语动词应用原形。故选A。
3.(25-26九年级上·上海·期中)I went to Hainan last year, and I ________ there for three months.
A.has stayed B.had stayed C.stayed D.was staying
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我去年去了海南,并且在那里待了三个月。
考查一般过去时。根据“I went to Hainan last year, and I…there for three months.”可知,句子为一般过去时,表示过去发生的动作;后半部分描述过去持续的状态,应用一般过去时。故选C。
4.(25-26九年级上·江西景德镇·期中)—Have you read this novel?
—Yes, I ________ it several days ago.
A.read B.has read C.had read D.reads
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你读过这本小说吗?——是的,我几天前就读过了。
考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“several days ago”可知,此处描述的是过去发生的事,应该用一般过去时。read的过去式就是read。故选A。
5.(25-26九年级上·天津红桥·月考)—Tony, your shoes are dirty.
—Oh, just leave them there, Mum. I ________ them with my clothes.
A.wash B.will wash C.washed D.have washed
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——托尼,你的鞋子脏了。——哦,就把它们放在那儿吧,妈妈。我会把它们和我的衣服一起洗。
考查动词的时态。wash洗,一般现在时;will wash将要洗,一般将来时;washed洗,一般过去时;have washed已经洗了,现在完成时。根据“just leave them there, Mum. I…them with my clothes.”可知,这是一个对未来动作的打算或承诺,应使用一般将来时,故选B。
6.(25-26九年级上·江西南昌·期中)—I have never been to the art and science fair.
—Don’t worry. I ________ it to you before the fair.
A.will introduce B.introduced C.have introduced D.introduce
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我从未去过艺术与科学博览会。——别担心。我将在博览会前把它介绍给你。
考查动词时态。根据“before the fair”可知,博览会还未开始,介绍这个动作发生在将来,所以应该用一般将来时,其结构为“will+动词原形”。故选A。
7.(25-26九年级上·江西九江·期中)—I haven’t finished my dinner yet.
—Hurry up! Our friends ________ for us at the gate.
A.wait B.are waiting C.have waited D.will wait
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我还没吃完饭呢。——快点!我们的朋友正在门口等我们。
考查时态。根据“Hurry up!”可知,动作正在发生,应用现在进行时,结构为am/is/are doing,主语“Our friends”为复数,be动词用are。故选B。
8.(24-25九年级上·云南昆明·期末)Holly prefers playing the piano to ________ the violin. Listen! She ________ the piano in her room.
A.play; is playing B.playing; plays C.playing; is playing D.play; plays
【答案】C
【详解】句意:霍莉喜欢弹钢琴而不喜欢拉小提琴。听!她正在她的房间里弹钢琴。
考查非谓语动词和时态。第一空,短语prefer doing A to doing B中to为介词,后接动名词,故填playing;第二空,根据“Listen!”可知,动作正在进行,用现在进行时is playing。故选C。
9.(24-25九年级上·上海徐汇·期末)I didn’t hear what Jane said because I ________ to the news on the radio.
A.am listening B.was listening C.listen D.have listened
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我没有听到Jane说什么,因为我在听收音机上的新闻。
考查动词的时态。根据“I didn’t hear what Jane said because I...to the news on the radio.”可知,主句“didn’t hear”为一般过去时,表示过去未听到的动作;原因从句需描述当时正在进行的动作,因此用过去进行时,即was/were+现在分词。故选B。
10.(25-26九年级上·上海静安·期中)—Excuse me.Where’s Mr Hu?
—Oh,he _______ the canteen for lunch. He’ll be back soon.
A.goes to B.has gone to C.went to D.has been to
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——打扰一下,胡先生在哪里?——哦,他去食堂吃午饭了,很快就会回来。
考查现在完成时的用法。goes to一般现在时,表示习惯性动作;has gone to现在完成时,表示去了,但还未回来,强调对现在的影响;went to一般过去时,仅表示过去的动作,不强调对现在的影响;has been to现在完成时,去过某地(已返回)。根据“Where’s Mr Hu...he...the canteen for lunch. He’ll be back soon”可知胡先生去食堂的动作发生在过去,但对现在造成影响(目前人不在场),需用现在完成时“has gone to”(表示已去某地且未返回)。故选B。
11.(24-25九年级上·甘肃庆阳·期末)—Dad, I can’t find my watch. Did you see it?
—No, I didn’t. I think you ________ it!
A.lose B.will lose C.have lost D.are losing
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——爸爸,我找不到我的手表了。你看到它了吗?——不,我没看到。我想你已经把它弄丢了!
考查动词时态。根据“Dad, I can’t find my watch. Did you see it?”可知,找不到手表,说明手表已经丢了,强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,即现在找不到手表了,应该用现在完成时“have lost”。故选C。
12.(25-26九年级上·北京海淀·期中)Many tourists ________ this ancient town since it became famous online.
A.visit B.have visited C.are visiting D.will visit
【答案】B
【详解】句意:自从这个古镇在网上出名以来,许多游客已经参观了它。
考查现在完成时。根据“since it became famous online”可知,此句为since引导的时间状语从句,表示从过去某点持续到现在的动作,空处位于主句,主句需用现在完成时,结构为have/has done。故选B。
13.(24-25九年级上·云南保山·期中)So far, China’s space industry ________. Without doubt, it is the pride of us Chinese.
A.succeeds B.succeeded C.has succeeded D.is succeeding
【答案】C
【详解】句意:到目前为止,中国的航天事业已经成功了。毫无疑问,它是我们中国人的骄傲。
考查时态,“so far”表示“到目前为止”,通常与现在完成时“have/has+动词过去分词”连用,选项C“has succeeded”为现在完成时,符合语境。故选C。
14.(25-26九年级上·甘肃定西·期中)My parents ________ in the kitchen when I got home yesterday evening. They were making dinner.
A.work B.worked C.were working D.are working
【答案】C
【详解】句意:昨天晚上我到家的时候,我父母正在厨房里干活。他们在做晚饭。
考查动词时态辨析。根据语境可知,当我昨天晚上到家的时候,父母正在厨房里干活,表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作,应该用过去进行时,其结构为“was/were+现在分词”,主语“My parents”是复数,be动词用were,work的现在分词是working。故选C。
15.(25-26九年级上·甘肃定西·期中)Danny, together with his classmates________ the schoolyard when I saw him.
A.is cleaning B.was cleaning C.are cleaning D.were cleaning
【答案】B
【详解】句意:当我看到Danny时,他正和他的同学们一起打扫校园。
考查主谓一致和时态。主语“Danny”是单数,插入语“together with his classmates”不影响主谓一致,谓语需用单数形式;“when I saw him”表示过去时间点,故用过去进行时。A项为现在进行时单数,时态不符;B项为过去进行时单数,正确;C项为现在进行时复数,主谓不一致;D项为过去进行时复数,主谓不一致。故选B。
一、中考真题
1.(2025·安徽·中考真题)—The robots ________ each other to the finish line.
—How exciting! Our robot is going to win.
A.raced B.were racing C.race D.are racing
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——机器人正在互相竞赛冲向终点线。——太令人兴奋了!我们的机器人要赢了。
考查时态。根据“Our robot is going to win.”可知,说明比赛正在进行中,用现在进行时“am/is/are doing”。故选D。
2.(2024·安徽·中考真题)—Excuse me, may I use your dictionary? I ________ mine behind.
—Sure. Here you are.
A.leave B.have left C.will leave D.was leaving
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——对不起,我可以用一下你的字典吗?我把我的落下了。——当然。给你。
考查动词时态。分析句子可知,字典落下了,所以借用对方的,强调过去的动作对现在造成了影响,应为现在完成时,结构是have/has done。故选B。
3.(2023·安徽·中考真题)— Jim, I’ve got a problem with my car. Could you help me?
— Sorry, not right now. I ________ a short video.
A.make B.have made C.am making D.was making
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——Jim,我的车出问题了。你能帮我吗?——对不起,现在不行。我正在做一个短视频。
考查动词时态。根据“Sorry, not right now. I … a short video”可知,现在正在制作短视频,用现在进行时表示正在进行的动作,故选C。
4.(2025·西藏·中考真题)I ________ some good friends since I came to this school.
A.has made B.have made C.make D.made
【答案】B
【详解】句意:自从我来到这所学校以来,我交了一些好朋友。
考查时态。根据“since I came to this school”可知句子用现在完成时have/has done,主语是I,助动词用have。故选B。
5.(2025·江苏淮安·中考真题)—What will you do tomorrow?
—I ________ the museum to learn about the local history.
A.visit B.visited C.will visit D.are visiting
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你明天要做什么?——我要去参观博物馆来了解当地的历史。
考查动词时态辨析。根据问句中的时间状语“tomorrow”可知,答句应使用一般将来时,故选C。
6.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)Thanks a million, Julie! If it ________, you will be my angel!
A.works B.will work C.fails D.will fail
【答案】A
【详解】句意:万分感谢,Julie!如果成功了,你就是我的天使!
考查动词辨析及if条件句。work成功,有效;fail失败。根据“If it ..., you will be my angel!”可知,此句为if引导的条件状语从句,从句用一般现在时,结合“you will be my angel!”可知,如果事情成功,Julie将是对方的天使。故选A。
7.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)The therapy centre is on High Street and it ________ service for over 10 years.
A.has started B.has been in C.has stopped D.has been out of
【答案】B
【详解】句意:治疗中心位于高街,已经服务了10多年。
考查动词和动词短语。has started开始,start是短暂性动词,不能与持续时间连用;has been in一直在……中,强调状态从过去持续到现在;has stopped停止,stop是短暂性动词,不能与持续时间连用;has been out of一直在……之外,强调状态从过去持续到现在。根据“for over 10 years”可知,此处不能使用短暂性动词start和stop,排除A、C;结合“The therapy centre is on High Street and it ... service for over 10 years.”可知,治疗中心一直提供服务超过10年,应该用has been in。故选B。
8.(2025·江苏常州·中考真题)Suzy ________ her bedroom at this time yesterday, so she didn’t go shopping.
A.tidies B.tidied C.is tidying D.was tidying
【答案】D
【详解】句意:昨天这个时候,苏西正在整理她的卧室,所以她没有去购物。
考查过去进行时。根据“at this time yesterday”可知,强调在过去的某个时间点,正在发生的动作,用过去进行时。故选D。
9.(2025·江苏徐州·中考真题)Oh, you are growing so fast, Paul! Soon you ________ taller than your dad.
A.are B.were C.have been D.will be
【答案】D
【详解】句意:哦,保罗,你长得真快!很快你就会比你爸爸高了。
考查将来时态。根据时间标志词“Soon(很快)”可知,此处表示将来会发生的事情,需用一般将来时(will do)。故选D。
10.(2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题)Now the students in primary and junior high schools ______ a 15-minute break between classes.
A.had B.will have C.have D.would have
【答案】C
【详解】句意:现在中小学生课间有15分钟的休息时间。
考查动词时态。句中“Now”表示当前的时间状态,说明描述的是现在的客观事实,因此需要用一般现在时。故选C。
11.(2025·四川广元·中考真题)—Amy recently won a prize from the Help Save Our Society. Can you guess ________?
—It’s said that she built a house out of rubbish.
A.what did she do B.what she did C.what does she do D.what she does
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——艾米最近获得了“帮助拯救我们的社会”奖。你能猜猜她做了什么吗?——据说她用垃圾建了一座房子。
考查宾语从句。根据“Can you guess”可知,此处是宾语从句,宾语从句需用陈述句语序(主语+谓语),排除A、C两项(疑问语序)。根据答句“built”可知,此处询问过去的行为,应为一般过去时。故选B。
12.(2025·北京·中考真题)— Linda, do you know ________ for the school trip this term?
— Yes. We are going to the Capital Museum.
A.where we are going B.where we went C.where are we going D.where did we go
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——琳达,你知道这学期我们学校旅行要去哪里吗?——是的。我们要去首都博物馆。
考查宾语从句。根据“do you know...for the school trip this term”可知,空处填入的是宾语从句,用陈述句序,因此排除选项C和D(均为疑问语序);结合回答“We are going to the Capital Museum.”可知,此时宾语从句用一般将来时,排除选项B(为一般过去时)。故选A。
13.(2025·吉林长春·中考真题)The movie Ne Zha 2 ________ with the public since it came out.
A.has been popular B.is popular C.was popular D.will be popular
【答案】A
【详解】句意: 电影《哪吒2》自上映以来一直受到公众的欢迎。
考查现在完成时。根据“since it came out”可知,句子描述的是从过去某一时间点开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态,并且有可能继续持续下去,因此需要使用现在完成时态,has been popular表示“一直受欢迎”。故选A。
14.(2025·甘肃金昌·中考真题)—Cindy, my sunglasses are on the floor and they are broken. What happened?
—Sorry, dear. I don’t know. I _________ in the kitchen then.
A.cook B.was cooking C.have cooked D.will cook
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——辛迪,我的太阳镜在地板上,坏了。发生了什么事?——对不起,亲爱的。我不知道。当时我在厨房做饭呢。
考查动词的时态。根据“What happened?”和“then”可知,此处指太阳镜坏的时候正在做饭,用过去进行时was/were doing。故选B。
15.(2025·江苏扬州·中考真题)During Guyu, the temperature usually ________ a lot and rain increases.
A.rises B.rose C.is rising D.has risen
【答案】A
【详解】句意:谷雨期间,气温通常会大幅回升,降雨量也会增加。
考查时态。根据“During Guyu, the temperature usually...a lot and rain increases.”可知,句子叙述客观事实,时态用一般现在时,主语“the temperature”是第三人称单数,谓语动词用三单形式。故选A。
二、中考模拟真题
16.(2025·全国·模拟预测)I didn’t hear what you said just now because I ________ a phone.
A.will answer B.am answering C.have answered D.was answering
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我刚才没听到你说的话,因为我在接电话。
考查动词时态。根据“I didn’t hear”和“just now”可知,此处描述过去某个时间点正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时。其结构为“was/were+动词现在分词”。故选D。
17.(2025·全国·模拟预测)—What a heavy rain! When did it start?
—It started at about seven this morning. I ________ the newspaper at home then.
A.read B.will read C.have read D.was reading
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——好大的雨啊!什么时候开始的?——今天早上七点左右开始的。那时我正在家里看报纸。
考查过去进行时。根据对话内容可知,第一个说话者询问雨是什么时候开始的,第二个说话者回答雨是今天早上七点左右开始的,并且说明“那时我正在家里看报纸”,这里的“那时”指的是雨开始下的时候,即过去某个具体的时间点,且强调当时正在进行的动作,所以应该用过去进行时,其结构为“was/were+动词的现在分词”,主语为I,be动词用was,read的现在分词是reading,所以此处应填was reading。故选D。
18.(2025·江西景德镇·三模)—I didn’t see you at the party last night.
—Oh, I ________ my grandparents in the countryside. They were ill.
A.am visiting B.visit C.will visit D.was visiting
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——昨晚在派对上我没看到你。——哦,我正在乡下看望我的祖父母。他们病了。
考查时态。根据“last night”可知答句也用过去时态,此处强调过去某一时段正在进行的动作,故用过去进行时。故选D。
19.(2025·江西宜春·一模)—Where is Grace?
—I’m not sure. Maybe she ________ her baseball lesson.
A.had B.was having C.is having D.will have
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——格蕾丝在哪里?——我不确定。也许她正在上棒球课。
考查时态辨析。had有,过去式;was having有,过去进行时;is having有,现在进行时;will have有,一般将来时。根据“I’m not sure. Maybe she...her baseball lesson.”可知,不确定格蕾丝的位置,推测她也许正在上棒球课,用现在进行时表示此时正在发生的动作。故选C。
20.(2025·江西赣州·一模)—I feel so proud that Zheng Qinwen, the young Chinese tennis player, won the second place in the Australian Open.
—Me, too. It’s also surprising to find she ________ to seventh in her field in just a few months.
A.climbed B.has climbed C.is climbing D.climbs
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我为年轻的中国网球运动员郑钦文在澳大利亚公开赛中获得第二名而感到骄傲。——我也是。同样令人惊讶的是,她在短短几个月内就攀升到了她领域的第七名。
考查现在完成时。climbed过去式;has climbed现在完成时;is climbing现在进行时;climbs一般现在时。根据时间状语“in just a few months”可知,她在短短几个月内已经达到了第七名,这个动作已经完成,并对现在产生了影响,应用现在完成时。故选B。
21.(2025·甘肃武威·一模)She used ________ on the right in China, so she is not used ________ on the left in England at first.
A.to driving; to driving B.to drive; to driving
C.to drive; to drive D.to drive; drive
【答案】B
【详解】句意:她过去在中国经常靠右行驶,所以她起初在英国不习惯靠左行驶。
考查固定搭配。“be used to doing”意为”习惯于做某事”,“used to do”意为“过去常常做某事”。第一空根据“used…”可知,表示“过去习惯靠右行驶”,用“used to drive”;第二空根据“is not used…”可知,表示“现在不习惯靠左行驶”,用“is not used to driving”。故选B。
22.(2025·甘肃武威·一模)She ________ the Internet when her mother came home.
A.surfs B.has surfed C.is surfing D.was surfing
【答案】D
【详解】句意:她妈妈回家时,她正在上网。
考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知,当句子中有“when+过去时间点”时,主句常用过去进行时(was/were + doing)表示“在那一刻正在发生”。根据 “when her mother came home”可知,主句需用过去进行时表示“过去某一刻正在发生的动作”,was surfing符合语境。故选D。
23.(2025·江西吉安·模拟预测)—How time flies. It is time for us to leave our senior school now.
—Yes, and we ________ a university this September.
A.entered B.will enter C.was entering D.have entered
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——时间过得真快。现在是我们离开高中校园的时候了。——是的,今年九月我们将进入大学。
考查时态。根据时间状语“this September”表示将来动作可知,用一般将来时“will enter”。故选B。
24.(2025·江西吉安·模拟预测)—Look! Jack ________ 250 soft toys in total so far.
—Wow. Now I know how much he loves them.
A.will collect B.was collecting C.has collected D.is collecting
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——看!到目前为止Jack已经收集了总共250个毛绒玩具。——哇。现在我知道他有多喜欢它们了。
考查时态。根据时间状语“so far”可知,表示过去发生且持续到现在的动作,“总共收集了 250 个毛绒玩具”,对应后文“知道他多喜欢”的语境,用现在完成时“has collected”。故选C。
25.(24-25九年级上·江苏常州·月考)We’re not sure if they ________ the concert in two weeks. If it ________, they must practice hard.
A.will hold, holds B.will hold, is held C.hold, will be held D.hold, holds
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们不确定他们是否会在两周后举办音乐会。如果音乐会如期举行,他们必须努力练习。
考查动词时态和语态。第一句是if引导的宾语从句,结合“in two weeks”及宾语从句的“主现从不限”原则可知,空处用一般将来时(will do);第二句是if引导的条件状语从句,主句含有情态动词,从句用一般现在时,且主语it与hold之间是动宾关系,所以此处用一般现在时的被动语态(am/is/are done)。故选B。
26.(2025·西藏·一模)—Listen! What’s that noise?
—Oh, the boys ________ the cows and they’re very excited.
A.feed B.fed C.are feeding D.will feed
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——听!那是什么声音?——哦,那些男孩正在喂牛,他们感到非常兴奋。
考查动词的时态。feed喂养,动词原形;fed动词的过去式或过去分词;are feeding现在进行时;will feed一般将来时。根据“Listen!”可知,此处应用现在进行时。故选C。
27.(2025·江西九江·三模)The Smiths ______ in Shanghai since 2015. They love the city.
A.live B.have lived C.will live D.lived
【答案】B
【详解】句意:史密斯一家自2015年以来一直住在上海。他们热爱这座城市。
考查动词时态。根据“since 2015”可知,动作从过去持续到现在,需用现在完成时,结构为“have/has+过去分词”,主语The Smiths表示史密斯一家人,为复数概念,助动词用have。故选B。
28.(2025·黑龙江佳木斯·三模)The old man _______ for ten years.
A.died B.has died C.has been dead D.has been died
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这位老人已经去世十年了。
考查动词时态。根据“for ten years”可知,句子时态应用现在完成时,其结构为have/has done,排除A;die是短暂性动词,不能与延续性时间连用,要转化为延续性动词“be dead”;主语“The old man” 是第三人称单数,助动词应用has,即has been dead。故选C。
29.(2025·广东汕头·二模)The number of the visitors to the museum ________ by 3,000 in the last two months.
A.increase B.increases C.has increased D.have increased
【答案】C
【详解】句意:过去两个月,博物馆的参观人数增加了3,000人。
考查现在完成时。根据“in the last two months”可知,此句时态为现在完成时,表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响。结构为has/have done。主语为“The number of the visitors”,助动词用has;increase的过去分词为increased。故选C。
30.(2025·云南昆明·三模)—Where’s Steve these days?
—He’s not in town. He ________ to Shanghai for a business meeting.
A.will go B.is going C.has gone D.has been
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——Steve最近在哪儿?——他不在镇上。他去上海参加商务会议了。
考查现在完成时和has gone to。will go将要去,一般将来时;is going正在去,现在进行时;has gone已经去了还没回来;has been已经去过,回来了。根据“He’s not in town. He...to Shanghai for a business meeting.”可推知,Steve去了上海还没回来,不在镇上,故选C。
31.(2025·黑龙江佳木斯·三模)—What were you doing at 8:00 last night?
—I _______ rubbish with my classmates by Zijiang River.
A.picked up B.am picking up C.was picking up D.pick up
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——昨晚8点你正在做什么?——我正在和我同班同学在资江河边捡垃圾。
考查过去进行时。picked up捡起,一般过去时;am picking up正在捡,现在进行时;was picking up正在捡,过去进行时;pick up捡起,一般现在时。根据问句 “What were you doing at 8:00 last night?”可知,这是过去进行时的问句,回答也要用过去进行时。故选C。
32.(2025·云南昆明·三模)I saw him on the playground yesterday. He ________ tennis at that moment.
A.plays B.is playing C.was playing D.will play
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我昨天在操场上看见他了。那时他正在打网球。
考查时态。根据“at that moment”可知,此处表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时。故选C。
33.(2025·黑龙江佳木斯·三模)The students in our school ________ many trees already.
A.plant B.planted C.have planted D.will plant
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们学校的学生已经种了很多树。
考查动词时态辨析。根据句中“already”可知,句子时态为现在完成时,其结构为have/has+动词的过去分词,主语“The students”为复数,助动词用have,plant的过去分词为planted。故选C。
34.(2025·云南·模拟预测)The new AI application ________ daily life by helping people with tasks like translation and information retrieval.
A.changes B.changed C.is changing D.will change
【答案】C
【详解】句意:新的人工智能应用正在通过帮助人们完成翻译和信息检索等任务来改变日常生活。
考查时态。句子描述的是新的AI应用当前对日常生活的影响,强调动作正在持续发生,符合现在进行时的用法,其结构为:am/is/are+现在分词,故选C。
35.(2025·江西九江·模拟预测)—Our country really makes great progress in space development.
—I couldn’t agree more. It ________ greatly in recent years.
A.has improved B.would improve C.was improving D.will improve
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我国在太空发展方面确实取得了巨大进步。——完全同意。近年来它进步很大。
考查动词时态。has improved现在完成时;would improve过去将来时;was improving过去进行时;will improve一般将来时。根据时间状语“in recent years”可知,此句用现在完成时。故选A。
36.(2025·甘肃张掖·二模)When I got to the classroom, I realized that all my classmates ________.
A.arrive B.have arrived C.had arrived D.were arriving
【答案】C
【详解】句意:当我到达教室时,我意识到所有的同学都到了。
考查过去完成时。根据“When I got to the classroom, I realized that all my classmates”可知,此句描述过去发生的事情对过去造成的影响,应用过去完成时,其结构为“had done”。故选C。
37.(2025·广东汕头·三模)—Tom, I didn’t see you and your wife at the party in the company yesterday evening.
—Oh, we ________ my son’s graduation at home.
A.celebrated B.have celebrated C.was celebrating D.were celebrating
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——汤姆,昨晚公司的聚会上没看到你和你妻子。——哦,我们当时正在家里庆祝我儿子的毕业典礼。
考查动词时态辨析。celebrated庆祝(一般过去时);have celebrated庆祝(现在完成时);was celebrating正在庆祝(过去进行时,主语单数);were celebrating正在庆祝(过去进行时,主语复数)。根据对话语境,汤姆解释昨晚未参加聚会的原因,强调“当时正在”进行庆祝活动,需用过去进行时,且主语是we,故选D。
38.(2025·吉林长春·三模)It has been three years since I last ______ back to my hometown.
A.to go B.went C.go D.going
【答案】B
【详解】句意:自从我上次回到家乡已经三年了。
考查动词时态。根据“since + 过去时间点”结构可知,主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时,所以空处用动词过去式went。故选B。
39.(2025·黑龙江佳木斯·三模)My father ________ TV every evening.
A.watch B.watches C.watched D.is watching
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我爸爸每天晚上看电视。
考查动词时态。every evening是一般现在时的标志,主语是My father,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,watch的第三人称单数是watches。故选B。
40.(2025·吉林长春·二模)The students ________ a lot since they started junior high school.
A.change B.changed C.have changed D.changes
【答案】C
【详解】句意:自从上了初中,学生们变化很大。
考查时态。根据“since they started junior high school”可知,动作从过去持续到现在,强调对现在的影响,需用现在完成时。故选C。
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