Unit 7 Grammar-Further study 讲义 2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级上册

译林版英语 Unit 7 The natural world 课时2 Grammar-Further study 知识精讲 Grammar A 简单句五种基本句型 句子类型 核心结构 谓语动词特点 例句 1.主+谓(S+V) 主语+不及物动词 不及物动词,动作完整,不接宾语常见动词:run/walk/swim/come/go/happen 1. They arrived at school early. 2. He is singing happily. 2. 主谓宾(S+V+O) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 及物动词(后必须接宾语,动作才完整)常见动词:like/study/eat/solve/protect People should protect wildlife. 1. 主系表(S+Link-V+P) 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 系动词(无实际动作,表 “是 / 状态”)常见系动词: 1 be 动词(am/is/are/was/were) 2 感官动词(look/sound/taste/feel/smell) 3 变化动词(become/get/turn/go) 1.Our hometown is beautiful. 2.Leaves turn brown. 4. 主谓双宾(S+V+IO+DO) 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 双宾动词(后接两个宾语:人 + 物)常见动词:give/show/send/bring/tell/teach She sent her friend an email. = She sent an email to her friend. 5. 主谓宾补(S+V+O+OC) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 宾补动词(需补充说明宾语的状态 / 动作)常见动词:make/let/have/ask/tell/want/see 1.We made our classroom clean. 2.The teacher asked us to finish homework on time. 双宾语结构(to/for) 用 to:动词 + DO + to + IO(表 “动作传递给某人”) give(给)、show(展示)、send(发送)、bring(带来)、tell(告诉)、teach(教)、pass(传递)、lend(借出)、offer(提供)、write(写) 用 for:动词 + DO + to + IO(表 “为某人做 / 准备某物”) buy(买)、make(制作)、cook(烹饪)、get(取得)、choose(选择)、prepare(准备)、find(找到)、order(订购) 【语法练习】 1、 识别下列句子的类型 1. The flowers look very pretty. 2. Tom finished his homework quickly. 3. My mother bought me a new pen. 4. They walked in the park after dinner. 5. We keep our city clean and tidy. 6. The beautiful scenery made us feel relaxed. 7. Doing exercise every day is good for our health. 8. We should plant more trees to protect the environment. 9. Our teacher taught us some useful English songs. 10. My school life is colorful. 11. She passed me the pen. 2、 句型转换 1. He sent her an email. He sent an email _ her.(答案:to) 2. My father bought me a new bike. My father bought a new bike _ me.(答案:for) 3. The teacher showed us a interesting video. The teacher showed a interesting video _ us.(答案:to) 4. She prepared some food for the party. She prepared _ _ some food.(答案:the party;for 提示:间接宾语是 the party,用 for) 3、 单项选择 ( )1.Which sentence has the same sentence structure as "He looks tired"? A. She feels happy. B. They run fast. C. We eat lunch. D. He gave me a book. ( )2.Which sentence has the same sentence structure as "We study English"? A. They played football. B. The flowers are beautiful. C. He came early. D. She made me a card. ( )3.Which sentence has a different sentence structure from the other three? A.He sent her a letter. B. I cooked my family dinner. C. She taught us math. D. They cleaned the classroom. ( )4.Which sentence has a different sentence structure from the other three? A. The teacher asked us to read. B. We keep our city clean. C. He bought a new phone. D. She saw him playing football. ( )5.Which sentence has a different sentence structure from the other three? A. They are students. B. He feels cold. C. She sings well. D. The food tastes delicious. (答案:A ADCC) B using and,but,or and so 连词 含义 用法 常见搭配/句型 and 和;并且(表顺承 / 并列 / 递进) 1. 连接并列名词 / 代词 / 动词等; 2. 连接并列句(前后语义一致); 3. 表 “然后”(动作先后) 1. A and B(并列成分); 2. 祈使句 + and + 陈述句(做某事就会……) but 但是;然而(表转折) 1. 连接并列成分(前后语义相反); 2. 连接并列句(前后逻辑转折) / or 或者;否则(表选择 / 警告) 1. 连接并列成分(表选择); 2. 连接并列句(表 “否则”); 3. 否定句中表 “和”(代替 and) 1. A or B(选择); 2. 祈使句 + or + 陈述句(不做某事就会……) so 所以;因此(表结果) 连接并列句(前因后果,so 后接结果) /( 在英语中because和so 不能同时出现在一句话中) 一、句型转换(用括号内的连词改写句子,保持句意不变) 1.He is tall. He is strong. He is tall _ _.(答案:and strong) 2.You should finish your homework first. You will have no time to play. Finish your homework first, _ you will have no time to play.(答案:or) 3. She was ill. She didn’t go to school. She was ill, _ she didn’t go to school.(答案:so) 4. Though it was raining, we went out. It was raining, _ we went out.(答案:but) 5. If you practice more, you will speak English better. Practice more, _ you will speak English better.(答案:and) 3. 短文填空(用 and/but/or/so 填空,每空一词) Last weekend, my friends and I planned to go hiking. We met at the school gate early in the morning, _ the weather was bad—it started to rain. We didn’t bring umbrellas, _ we had to wait under a tree. We discussed whether to go on _ go back home. Some wanted to go back, _ others insisted on hiking. Finally, the rain stopped, _ we decided to continue our trip. We had a great time in the mountain, _ we took many beautiful photos. (答案:but;so;or;but;so;and) Grammar语言点梳理 1. We should build a better home for local wildlife.(P98) ① build sth for sb 为某人建造某物 (双宾语结构=build sb sth) 类似结构用法:buy/find/cook/get/leave/make/order/pick/prepare/save+sth+for sb ② wildlife n. 野生生物 (不可数名词) protect wildlife 保护野生生物 wildlife in danger 濒危野生动物 例题: ①.We should do more to protect _ (野生生物) in the forest. ②.We should take action to protect _ wildlife from pollution. A. a B. an C. the D. / (答案:wildlife; D) 2. We made the forest the topic of this class.(P98) ① made the forest the topic of this class 使森林成为我们课堂话题 meke sth/sb+宾语补足语 使某物/某人......样 宾补可以是形容词 / 动词原形 / 不定式/名词短语/介词短语(说明宾语 “怎么样 / 做什么”) 例如: (1) 名词做宾补:Our class elected him our monitor.(我们班选他当班长。) (2) 动词不定式做宾补:ask(要求)、tell(告诉)、want(想要)、encourage(鼓励)、teach(教)、advise(建议)、expect(期待)。 She encouraged me to join the English club.(她鼓励我加入英语俱乐部。) (3) 省 to 的动词不定式(do)作宾补(表动作 “正在发生 / 已完成”) I watched my sister draw a picture yesterday.(我昨天看了妹妹画画的全过程。) (4) 现在分词(doing)作宾补(表动作 “正在进行”)see(看见)、watch(观看)、hear(听见)、find(发现)、keep(持续让)、notice(注意到)。 When I passed the classroom, I heard students singing English songs.(我经过教室时,听见学生们正在唱英文歌。) (5) 形容词做宾补:常见动词keep, make, find, leave, think We keep our classroom clean. (6) 介词短语作宾补 We found the lost cat in the garden.(我们在花园里找到了那只走失的猫。) ②topic n. 话题(指谈话、文章等的主题。) hot topic(热门话题) change the topic(转移话题) • 练习: ①.The environment has become a _ (热门话题) recently. ②.Each student can choose three (topic). (答案:topic ; topics) 3. The ocean provides a home for animals all year round.(P98) 复习:provide sth for sb= provide sb with sth 给某人提供某物( 注意介词用法) 表示提供的词还有offer (主动提供) offer sth to sb=offer sb sth给某人提供某物 offer to do sth 主动提出做某事 all year round 一年到头,全年,整年 4. Quite a few desert plants give animals water.(P98) quite a few “相当多,不少”后接可数名词复数,表数量多。 quite a few friends 相当多朋友 quite a few problems 不少问题 例题: (1) Our school has quite a few (activity) for students. (2) I have _ (不少) books about history. 5. The deep ocean isn’t warm,bright or noisy.(P99) noisy / n zi/ adj. 充满噪声的;吵闹的 noise n.噪声 • 讲解:形容环境、声音等嘈杂。 • 搭配:noisy street(吵闹的街道);noisy children(吵闹的孩子); a noisy party(喧闹的派对) 6. There are forests in Europe.(P99) Europe n.欧洲 European adj.欧洲的 a European country 一个欧洲国家 Word power The suffix -ly : 1. adj+-ly-adv. 变化规则: 1 直接加-ly slow-slowly; quick-quickly;real-really 2 辅音字母+y,变y为i再加-ly: happy-happily; heavy-heavily; lucky-luckily 3 辅音+le结尾的,去e变y: possible-possibly; simple-simply; terrible-terribly 4 true特殊变化,去e变ly -truly 2. N+-ly-adj. friend -friendly love-lovely year/month/week-yearly/monthly/weekly day-daily 3. Adj.+-ly-adj. kind-kindly like-likely live-lively dead-deadly 语言点梳理: 1....the largest coral reef systems on earth.(P100) system / s st m/ n. 系统;体系 ecosystem(生态系统) 2.and this causes corals to die slowly.(P100) cause /k z/ vt. 使发生,造成,导致 cause trouble(造成麻烦);cause pollution(造成污染) • 练习: ①Air pollution can _ (导致) many health problems. ② His carelessness (cause) the car crashed into a big tree. (答案:cause;caused) 3.What’s more,climate change is greatly damaging the ocean environment.(P100) what’s more 此外,并且 climate change 气候变化 damage vt. 损害,毁坏 (指对事物造成部分损坏,可修复) n.损害 do damage to 对......造成损害 damage和destroy区别 1. damage 损坏;损害(部分受损,程度较轻)通常可修复 2. destroy摧毁;毁灭(彻底破坏,无法修复) 例句: 选词填空 damage destroy The heavy rain _some parts of the old bridge, but it can be repaired。(答案:damaged) The fire _ the ancient temple completely—nothing was left.(答案:destroyed) • 练习: ①The storm _ (损坏) several houses in the village. ②The earthquake (destroy) many houses in the village. (答案:damaged;destroyed) 4.Luckily,more scientists are paying attention to coral reefs.(P100) ①luck n.运气-lucky adj.幸运的-luckily adv.幸运地- unlucky 不幸的-unluckily不幸地 ②pay attention to 注意 (to 为介词,后面跟名词或动词ing形式) 例题:The teacher reminded us to pay attention to _check)the details when doing homework, because small mistakes can lead to big problems. (答案checking) Integration 1.Zhalong Nature Reserve is in Heilongjiang Province in the north-east of China.(P101) north-east / n i st/ n. / adj. & adv. 东北;东北方的;向东北 • 讲解:可作名词(表方位)、形容词(表方位属性)、副词(表方向)。 • 搭配:the north-east of China(中国东北);a north-east wind(东北风); travel north-east(向东北旅行) 方位介词in/on/to in 表示在范围内布;to 表示不在范围内,不接壤;on 表示接壤 • 练习: ①Harbin is in the _ (东北) of China. ②Japan is the northeast of China.(日本在中国东北方且不接壤) ③North Korea is the northeast of China.(朝鲜在中国东北方且接壤) (答案:north-east;to;on) 2.The area provides food and cover for a lot of wildlife.(P101) cover / k v (r)/ n. 躲避处;罩子 v.覆盖 be covered with 被......覆盖 3.It’s home to some rare birds.(P101) rare adj.稀有的,罕见的 -rarely adv.难得,罕见 rare birds 稀有鸟类 4.while some go there only for a short stay.(P101) stay /ste / n. 停留,逗留 a short stay(短暂停留) during one’s stay(在某人逗留期间) v. 停留,待 stay at home 待在家 stay out 待在外面 stay up 熬夜 linking v. 保持 stay healthy 保持健康 例句:During my stay in Beijing,I visited my best friend. 5.This will lead to less space for wildlife.(P101) lead /li d/ vi. 造成(后果) lead to 通往(某地);导致(结果); 过去式 led lead to illness(导致疾病); lead to success(带来成功); lead to problems(造成问题) • 练习: ①Lack of exercise can _ (导致) poor health. ②The teacher’s patient guidance(指导)_(lead)the students to solve the difficult problem successfully. (答案:lead;led) 6.The mud and sand in the Yellow River and Yangtze River formed the area.(P101) mud /m d/ n. 泥,淤泥,泥浆 (不可数名词) 例句:The children played in the mud and got dirty. 7.They can set up to help keep wetlands free from pollution.(P102) set up 建立;设立;创办;开办 (set 过去式和过去分词均为set) set up a club 创建一个俱乐部 set up a small company 创办一家小公司 • 练习: ①— We need a place to hold the charity sale. Could you help us _ a table in the playground? A. set up B. put off C. take away D. look for ②The government_ a new hospital in our town last year to improve medical services. A. was set up B. set up C. is set up D. will be set up (答案:A B) 8...when they visit and plant wetland trees to keep the balanced.(P102) balanced / b l nst/ adj. 保持平衡的 balance v.使平衡 (keep a balance between A and B 在A和B之间保持平衡) • 讲解:形容事物各部分比例协调、状态稳定,也可指“均衡的(如饮食)” • 搭配:balanced diet(均衡饮食);balanced development(均衡发展); balanced relationship(平衡的关系) • 练习: ①Eating a _ (均衡的) diet is good for health. ②We need_ (balance) our time between homework and sports. (答案:balanced;to balance) 9.We can also work with a clean-up group.(P103) work with 与......共事 work closely with sb 和某人密切合作 work for 为......工作 work as 作为...... work in +地点 在.......工作 10.You said it! 你说的对!/言之有理。/我完全同意 (表强烈赞同,比 “I agree” 更口语化、语气更强烈) 同义替换:I agree.(我同意) That’s right.(没错) Exactly.(正是如此) You’re absolutely right.(你完全正确) 11.Education and knowledge are useful tools to help keep forests safe.(P103) knowledge / n l d / n. 知识 • 讲解:指通过学习、经验获得的认知(不可数名词)。 • 搭配:gain knowledge(获取知识);knowledge base(知识库); practical knowledge(实用知识) have a deep knowledge of... 对......有深厚地知识储备 例句:Knowledge is power and practice is the the source of truth. 知识就是力量,实践出真知。 12.Using environment-friendly products. 使用环保产品(P103) environment-friendly adj. 环保的,不损害环境的 environment-friendly lifestyle(环保生活方式) ①We should choose _ (环保的) bags instead of plastic ones.(答案:environment-friendly) 13.This will harm or even kill sea life.(P104) kill vt. & vi. 杀死 指导致生物死亡,也可引申为“毁掉(事物)” kill animals(杀害动物);kill time(消磨时间) 例句:Kill two birds with one stone.一石二鸟。 The bad weather killed our plan to go hiking. 14.We can help solve problems.(P104) solve 解决;解答 solution n.解决方案;解决方法 solve a problem(解决问题);solve a math puzzle(解答数学题); solve a conflict(解决冲突) • 练习: ①We need _ (solve) this issue before it gets worse. ②He spent two hours _ (solve) the puzzle. ③We have tried many ways, but we still haven’t found a proper_ (solve ) to the traffic jam. (答案:to solve; solving; solution) 15.It is meaningful to join an environmental group and work as a volunteer.(P104) environmental adj. 环境的 environmental protection(环境保护); environmental problem(环境问题) • 练习: ①The government has made new _ (环境的) policies. ②It is meaningful to join an (environment)group and work as a volunteer. (答案:environmental; environmental) 基础巩固 1、 词汇运用 A. 根据汉语提示,写出单词地正确形式。 1.Jack's father was so sleepy after working for 14 hours in the(项目). 2.Compared with traditional cars,electric cars are more (环保的). 3.-Can we have some coffee, (女士)? -Of course. Help yourselves ! 4.The bat is inactive in the (白天).They always come out at night. 5.He took out the picture of the balloons and stuck it on the .(封面) 6.The road runs (东北方)for another few miles. 7.There are highly sensitive and delicately (平衡的)ecosystems in the forest. 8.We are making a film about (animals, birds,insects, etc. that are wildand live in a natural environment). B. 根据首字母提示或所给单词地适当形式填空。 9.If you have a ( balance ) diet , you will stay healthy. 10.My sister is good at Maths. She can work out the problems (easy). 11.The boy loves elephants very much so he doesn’t want people (kill )them for their ivory. 12.They will all take part in (environment) protection. 13.There is no doubt that k is power and wisdom is beauty. 14.The teacher (lead) us to solve the problem successfully. 15.S , two people lost their lives in the car accident. 16.Our school decided (set) up a new club for students. 2、 单项选择 ( )1.The sentence structure of “My mum cooked me a nice meal yesterday.” is _. A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+O+C D. S+V+O+O ( )2.Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “I find the book interesting.”? A. Autumn leaves turn brown. B. We should keep our classroom clean. C. The children finally found the lost dog. D. Jogging brings the man much happiness. ( )3.Look! How _ they are dancing! A. Beautiful B. nice C. wonderful D. beautifully ( )4.Nowadays the government is building more nature reserves to protect animals. A.rare B.common C.usual D.huge ( )5.-The environment in our city is becoming better and better. -That’s right.Because the government has done a lot to the environmental problem. A.solve B.plan C.answer D.support ( )6.The strange sound coming from the bushes a feeling of mystery and make the children a little scared. A.cancel B.create C.control D.complete ( )7.We should study hard to get more from learning. A.advice B.instructions C.knowledge D.adventures ( )8.It’s kind of you to so many useful suggestions me. A.to provide;for B.providing;for C.to provide;with D.providing;with ( )9.The government are a hospital for the old and the sick. A.setting up B.giving up C.cheering up D.waking up ( )10.Which one of the following words will be like “friendly” after adding -ly? A.real B.month C.usual D.careful 三、根据句意,用 and、but、or 或 so 填空。 1.I am interested in European history, _ I will visit Britain this summer. 2.The car is old _ it is still in good condition. 3.—In China, what should you do when you meet? —We are supposed to shake hands _ say hello. 4.—Where shall we go this winter holiday, to Shanghai Disneyland _ Beijing Universal Studios? —It's up to you. They both sound OK to me. 5.Among the five students, we elected Alice to be the monitor _ the other four group leaders. 6.I called my mum, _ she was busy working and didn't answer me. 能力提升 1、 完形填空 Ever since Mother Nature gave me life, I expected to grow tall and big. As a young l ,I was well protected in the forest.I used to have a good time with my fiends under the blue sky and along the river. Our only purpose was to stand high. My pal, Tim, often said,“All I ask for is to be 2 the whole day. More than300days passed and we grew straight.Until one day,our 3 birthday, people came,moved us from the 4 and put us on their trucks.“I don't want to go!”Tim cried. After a long journey, we arrived in a completely different place with nothing green. Here we were planted in a line. Because the wind blew strongly,I could not even open my eyes to see Tim 5 beside me.So we needed enough 6 to grow thicker and higher to stop the wind. As time went by,we finally 7 much stronger.I could keep my eyes open in the wind!I even found the blue sky was back ! This was no longer no man's land,and hundreds of visitors came here. A man took a picture of us with his 8 ,“Thank you. We can enjoy clear days without worrying about sand storms.”A young girl jumping up and down _9 and hugged me.“Thank you,”she said,“It's you that have turned the desert into a green land ! Tim and I smiled at each other, feeling 10 The sun was shining brightly in the bluer sky. ( ) 1. A.tree B.fish C. girl D. boy ( ) 2. A.smart B. happy C. busy D. thin ( ) 3. A.first B.second C.third D. fourth ( ) 4. A. beach B. lake C. house D. earth ( ) 5. A. clearly B. greatly C. kindly D. widely ( ) 6. A. desert B. wind C. sand D.water ( ) 7. A.became B. smelt C. sounded D.remained ( ) 8. A.radio B. keyboard C. backpack D.camera ( ) 9. A.came back B.came over C.came out D.came from ( ) 10. A.tired B.bored C.proud D.surprised (答案:ABADA DADAC) 2、 阅读还原 Protecting Forests—Our Natural Treasure Forests are one of the most important parts of the natural world. They provide homes for thousands of wildlife species and produce oxygen for us to breathe. _1._ However, in recent years, forests have been facing serious threats(威胁). _2._ People cut down trees to build houses, roads, and factories. This not only destroys the habitats(栖息环境) of animals but also leads to soil erosion and climate change. Additionally, forest fires, whether natural or caused by humans, can burn down large areas of forests in a short time. _3._ For example, we can plant more trees to replace the ones that are cut down. It’s also important to stop illegal logging and protect forest areas from fires. Governments can make laws to limit deforestation and encourage people to use wood products wisely. Without forests, the natural world would be in great danger._4._ Forests also help to keep the Earth’s temperature balanced. _5._ Let’s take action now to protect our forests—our natural treasure that we can’t live without. A. What can we do to protect forests? B. Forests play a key role in keeping the natural world balanced. C. Many animals lose their homes and even die because of deforestation. D. The main threat to forests is deforestation (砍伐森林). E. Everyone can contribute to forest protection in their daily lives. F. When we protect forests, we are protecting wildlife, cleaning the air, and preventing natural disasters. (答案:B 2. D 3. A 4. F 5. E) 三、选词填空wildlife; noisy; damage; north-east; lead to; create; set up; knowledge; balance; solve Our school held a Science and Technology Festival last month to encourage students’ creativity. A group of students from Grade 8 decided to 1. _ a club to explore environmental science. They first learned a lot of 2._about how human activities affect nature, especially the protection of 3._ in the 4. _ part of the city. During the festival, the club members designed a model of a “green community”. They wanted to show that small changes can 5. _ a better living environment. For example, they suggested using solar energy to reduce pollution and avoiding 6. _ activities at night to protect animals. They also talked about how to 7. _ the problem of food waste and keep a 8. _ between resource use and environmental protection. With their efforts, the model won first prize. Their teacher praised them for being 9. _ and said their work would 10. _ more students to pay attention to environmental issues. (答案:1.set up;2.knowledge;3.wildlife;4.north-eastern;5.lead to;6.noisy;7.solve 8.balance;9.creative 10.creative) 四、首字母填空 Humans share the earth with lots of wildlife.However, many of our lovely11. (animal)friends may not be around for much 12. ( long ). The Living Planet Report by the WWF in October shows the population of several animals has gone down by 60 per cent since 1970.In fact,3/4 of the world's land was affected(影响)by human13. (act).Many forests have been cut down to make farmland.About three hundred kinds of animals are 14. (die)out because of over hunting.Another example is overfishing.The Chinese paddlefish(白鲟)were one of the world's 15. (large)freshwater fish, which could grow to seven metres. The fish 16. a big nose is also called“elephant fish". The Chinese paddlefish started to live on earth more than 100million years ago.However,scientists from China said they had died out. “We should find ways to meet the needs of ourgrowingpopulationwhileprotectingtheenvironment ," the WWF said. It has called on world governments to work together17. (protect)people and nature.There are several things we can do.For18. , we shouldn't use things 19. ( make ) of the body parts of animals.We should all play a part in taking care20. the beautiful earth and lovely animals. (答案:animal;longer;activities;dying;largest;with;to protect;example;made;of) 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $