Unit 7 The natural world 教材核心知识串讲（期末复习讲义）-2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级上册

8A Unit 7 The natural world教材核心知识串讲 （期末复习讲义） 重点单词（根据汉意及词性写单词） 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 1zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1._________ n. 企鹅 2._________ n. 气候 3._________ adv. 大约 4._________vi. 返回，回去，回来 5.__________ vt. 贮存 6.__________ adv. 因此 7.__________ vt. 使发生，造成，导致 8._________ n., adj. & adv. 东北；东北方的；向东北方向 9.__________ n. 躲避处；罩子 11._________ n. 停留，逗留 12.__________ n. 女士 13._________ vt. & vi. 杀死 14._________ vt. 解决；解答 重点词汇词性转换 1.include vt. 包括→ included (过去式)→ included (过去分词)→ including (现在分词) 易错辨析： ① 用法区分：included 置于名词后（sth. included），including 置于名词前（including sth.），不可混用（如“包括我”可说 including me 或 me included）； ② 词性区分：include 是及物动词，后必须接宾语（不可说 The list includes.，需说 The list includes his name.）。 例句： The price includes breakfast and dinner. 这个价格包括早餐和晚餐。 All students, including Tom, passed the exam. 包括汤姆在内的所有学生都通过了考试。 We have invited 50 people, not included the teachers.我们邀请了50人，不包括老师。 练一练： The tour ______ a visit to the museum, and many places of interest ______ in the route. A. includes; included B. includes; are included C. including; included D. including; are included 答案：B 2.hold vt. 容纳；拿着；举行→ held (过去式)→ held (过去分词) 易错辨析： ① 词形记忆：避免误写为“holded”，牢记不规则变化； ② 固定搭配：hold a meeting（举行会议）、hold sth. in hand（手里拿着某物）、hold on（等一下；坚持），不同搭配对应不同含义。 例句： The hall can hold 2000 people. 这个大厅能容纳2000人。 She held a book in her hand yesterday. 她昨天手里拿着一本书。 They have held three parties this month.这个月他们已经举办了三场派对。 练一练： The school ______ a sports meeting last year, and it ______ again next month. A. held; will hold B. hold; holds C. held; is held D. holds; will be held 答案：A 3.act vi. 起作用；行动 vi. & vt. 扮演→ action n. 行动 易错辨析： ① 含义区分：act 作动词表“行动”时侧重动作本身，action 作名词表“行动”时侧重抽象概念； ② 固定搭配：act on sth.（按照……行动）、take action（采取行动，action 为不可数名词，不可加 s）、act a role（扮演一个角色）。 例句： We must act quickly to solve the problem. 我们必须迅速行动解决这个问题。 Taking immediate action is very important. 立即采取行动至关重要。 She acted the main role in the play. 她在剧中扮演主角。 练一练： We should ______ on the plan at once, because timely ______ can avoid more losses. A. act; action B. action; act C. act; act D. action; action 答案：A 4.harmful adj. 有害的→ harmless adj. 无害的→ harm vt. & n. 伤害；损害 易错辨析： ① 前缀区分：harmless 是在 harmful 基础上加 un- 构成否定，不可误写为“inharmful”； ② 固定搭配：be harmful to sth.（对某物有害），do harm to sth.（伤害某物），二者可互换（如 Smoking is harmful to health. = Smoking does harm to health.）。 例句： Polluted water is harmful to fish. 受污染的水对鱼有害。 This kind of insect is harmless to humans. 这种昆虫对人类无害。 Don't harm the little animals.不要伤害小动物。 练一练： Plastic bags are ______ to the environment, but paper bags are ______ and won't ______ nature. A. harmful; harmless; harm B. harmless; harmful; harm C. harmful; harm; harmless D. harm; harmless; harmful 答案：A 5.sadly adv. 不幸地；悲伤地→ sad adj. 悲哀的；难过的 易错辨析： ① 词性区分：sad 修饰名词（sad news 坏消息），sadly 修饰动词、形容词或句子（She cried sadly. 她悲伤地哭了）； ② 拼写警示：sadly 不可误写为“sadlyy”，双写 y 后加 ly 仅适用于“辅音+y”结尾的重读闭音节词。 例句： She felt sad when she heard the news. 听到这个消息时她感到难过。 Sadly, we missed the last bus and had to walk home. 不幸的是，我们错过了末班车，只好步行回家。 练一练： The ______ girl looked at her broken toy ______ and didn't say a word. A. sad; sadly B. sadly; sad C. sad; sad D. sadly; sadly 答案：A 6.noisy adj. 充满噪声的；吵闹的→ noise n. 声音；响声；噪声 易错辨析： ① 含义区分：noise 特指“令人烦躁的噪声”，sound 泛指一切声音； ② 词性区分：noise 作名词不可直接修饰名词（如“吵闹的街道”不可说 noise street，需说 noisy street）。 例句： The classroom is too noisy, I can't hear the teacher. 教室太吵了，我听不见老师讲课。 There is a lot of noise from the construction site. 建筑工地传来很大的噪声。 练一练： Don't make so much ______ in the library, it's not allowed to be ______ here. A. noise; noisy B. noisy; noise C. noise; noise D. noisy; noisy 答案：A 7.lead vi. 造成(后果)→ led (过去式)→ led (过去分词) 易错辨析： ① 词形记忆：避免误写为“lead”（原形与过去式拼写不同），且注意发音差异（lead 原形 /liːd/，led /led/）； ② 固定搭配：lead to sth.（导致某物，后接名词/代词，不可接从句），lead sb. to do sth.（带领某人做某事）。 例句： Bad habits can lead to serious problems. 坏习惯会导致严重的问题。 He led us to the meeting room yesterday. 他昨天带领我们去了会议室。 This road leads to the city center.这条路通向市中心。 练一练： Carelessness ______ to his failure last time, and he promised that he would not let it ______ to the same mistake again. A. leads; lead B. led; lead C. led; led D. leads; led 答案：B 8.create vt. 创建，创造→ creation n. 创造；作品 易错辨析： ① 拼写警示：creation 不可误写为“creattion”，牢记去 e 加 ion 的规则； ② 含义区分：create 侧重“从无到有地创造”，invent 侧重“发明前所未有的事物”，creation 可指“创造的过程”或“创造出的作品”。 例句： The artist created a beautiful painting. 这位艺术家创作了一幅美丽的画。 The creation of the new park took two years. 新公园的建造花了两年时间。 This is a wonderful creation by a young designer.这是一位年轻设计师的精彩作品。 练一练： He ______ a new style of music, and this ______ has influenced many young musicians. A. creates; creation B. created; creation C. creation; creates D. creation; created 答案：B 9.knowledge n. 知识→ knowledgeable adj. 有见识的；知识渊博的 易错辨析： ① 拼写警示：knowledgeable 不可误写为“knowledgable”（漏写中间的 e）； ② 词性区分：knowledge 是名词，不可直接修饰名词（如“知识渊博的老师”不可说 knowledge teacher，需说 knowledgeable teacher）； ③ 固定搭配：acquire knowledge（获取知识），be knowledgeable about sth.（对某物有见识）。 例句： We should learn as much knowledge as possible. 我们应该尽可能多地学习知识。 She is knowledgeable about history and can tell many stories.她对历史很有见识，能讲很多故事。 练一练： Reading widely helps us gain more ______, and it makes us more ______ about the world. A. knowledge; knowledgeable B. knowledgeable; knowledge C. knowledge; knowledge D. knowledgeable; knowledgeable 答案：A 重点短语 1.the natural world 自然界 2.keep water in their leaves 保留水分在叶中 3.slow down (使)慢下来 4.have a role to play 发挥作用 5.keep the balance 保持平衡 6.make the water clean 让水变干净 7.help prevent floods 帮助预防洪水 8.take in 吸入 9.climate change 气候变化 10.ocean pollution 海洋污染 11.set up 建立 12.provide food and cover for ... 为……提供食物和庇护所 13.for a short stay 短暂停留 14.in the daytime 在白天 15.keep fishing 继续钓鱼 16.bring trouble to the animals给动物带麻烦 17.spend the winter 过冬 18.encourage people to protect forests 鼓励人们保护森林 19.be home to ... 是……的栖息地 20.work as a volunteer 做一名志愿者 重点句型 1.The climate in deserts is so awful that only a few animals and plants can live there. 沙漠的气候非常恶劣，只有少数动植物能够在那里存活。 2.This goes on and on, so the ocean is just like the “heart” of the earth. 如此周而复始，所以海洋就像地球的“心脏”一样。 3.It holds plenty of salt water, and the water rises to the sky, falls onto the land and then returns to the ocean. 它(海洋)容纳大量海水，水分升上天空，落到陆地上，然后流回海洋。 4.Forests make up nearly a third of the earth’s land area. 森林占地球陆地面积的近三分之一。 5.This will lead to less space for wildlife. 这将导致野生动植物的(生存)空间越来越小。 6.You said it! 所言极是! 7.I am writing today to ask for your help in protecting the ocean. 我今天写信请求你帮助保护海洋。 8.There are millions of tons of plastic waste in the ocean. 海洋中有数百万吨塑料垃圾。 9.It is meaningful to join an environmental group and work as a volunteer. 加入一个环保团体，做一名志愿者是很有意义的。 重点语法 简单句的五种基本句型 　简单句是含有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的单句。简单句的五种基本句型为： 1.主+谓　(S+V) The boy is swimming. 那个男孩正在游泳。 The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故发生在昨天下午。 2.主+谓+宾　(S+V+O) (1)名词或代词作宾语 Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案? I like it.我喜欢它。 (2)动名词作宾语 You should not give up studying.你不应该放弃学习。 (3)不定式作宾语 I hope to go to college.我希望上大学。 3.主+系+表　(S+V+P) (1)形容词作表语 Everything looks different.一切看起来都不同了。 (2)名词作表语 Later he became a scientist. 他后来成了一位科学家。 (3)副词、介词短语或反身代词作表语 The lights were all on.灯都亮着。 This is of importance. 这很重要。 4.主+谓+间宾+直宾　(S+V+IO+DO) (1)动词give、offer、show、pass、tell、send、sell、lend等后可接双宾语。这些动词构成的双宾语句型可用to(表示动作的方向)来变换,句意不变。 Could you give me the letter? =Could you give the letter to me?你能把那封信给我吗? (2)动词make、 buy、 cook、 get等后可接双宾语。这些动词构成的双宾语句型可用for来变换,句意不变。 He bought me a bottle of water. =He bought a bottle of water for me.他为我买了一瓶水。 5.主+谓+直宾+宾补(S+V+DO+OC) (1)名词作宾补 They usually call the baby Dick. 他们通常叫那个婴儿迪克。 (2)形容词作宾补 New findings at the Sanxingdui Ruins site made us excited. 三星堆遗址的新发现使我们激动。 (3)过去分词、动词-ing、省略to的动词不定式等作宾补(过去分词作宾补,表示宾语和宾补之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系;动词-ing作宾补,表示宾语和宾补之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系)。 I'll never get all this work finished. 这么多的工作我怎么也干不完。(过去分词作宾补) He left me waiting in the rain. 他让我在雨中等待。(动词-ing作宾补) She saw the boy enter the kitchen.她看见那个男孩进了厨房。(省略to的动词不定式作宾补) (4)副词、介词短语等作宾补 Please ask her in.请让她进来。 The police put the thief in prison. 警察把这个小偷关进了监狱。 通用表达&范文背诵 本单元话题为“保护环境”，首先我们在选择话题后直接进入主题，其次进行详细的描述，然后详细描述。要求文章结构清晰，意思连贯，句子通顺，开头和结尾要简洁，突出主旨。 经典题型 绿水青山就是金山银山，这是中国生态文明建设的理念。保护环境，人人有责。学校社团要开展一次以 “爱祖国爱家乡，从保护环境做起” 为主题的宣讲活动，请根据下面的要点写一篇英语演讲稿。 (1) What are you going to do to protect the environment? (2) Why are you going to do that? 注意：文中不得出现真实的地名、校名和人名；词数90左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）。 参考范文 Ladies and gentlemen, Today, our environment is facing serious challenges. To build a beautiful China, we must take action to protect our planet. I will start with myself and do the following things: First, I will save water and electricity by turning off the tap, shower, and lights when I don’t need them. Second, I will walk or ride a bike when I go out. If more people choose green travel, the air will become cleaner. Third, I will use both sides of paper and avoid disposable chopsticks and cups. I’ll also encourage people around me to do the same. In this way, we can help save more trees. Fourth, I will use cloth bags instead of plastic ones to reduce pollution. Protecting the environment needs everyone’s effort. Let’s take these small steps together. If we all do our part, we can build a beautiful China and make the Chinese Dream come true. Thank you. Unit 7 The natural world 重点单词 14个四会单词 9组词形变化 重点短语 20组短语 重点句型 书面表达 9个句型 保护环境 重点语法 简单句的五种基本句型 $