专题05 复合句：逻辑建筑师，搭建主从与并列的思维框架（复习讲义）（湖南专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦复合句三大核心考点，即定语从句、宾语从句和状语从句，严格依据课标要求构建“考情剖析-思维导图-考点通关-优题精选”的复习体系。通过梳理关系词选择、语序规则等核心知识，结合“缺什么补什么”等解题锦囊，搭配中考真题改编训练，帮助学生系统突破从句重难点，体现复习教学的逻辑性和针对性。 亮点在于以“思维品质”和“语言能力”为导向的分层突破策略，如定语从句“两步定位法”先定先行词再析从句成分，宾语从句“三位一体”检查语序、连接词和时态。设置基础过关与能力提升分层练习，配合5分钟考点速测，确保学生在语境中深化理解，高效掌握复合句运用规律。教师可借助资料精准把控复习节奏，助力学生提升应考能力。

专题05 复合句 目录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 4 03 考点通关·靶向突破 4 考点一 定语从句 4 考点二 宾语从句 7 考点三 状语从句 8 04 优题精选·练能提分 10 考点 课标要求 复习目标 定语从句 ➢ 掌握定语从句的基本概念，理解关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose）和关系副词（when, where, why）的基本用法。 ➢ 能在语境中辨认并初步使用定语从句。 1. 掌握核心概念：能识别先行词，理解从句修饰先行词的作用。 2. 掌握关系词选择： - 指人：作主语用 who/that；作宾语用 whom/who/that（可省）；表所属用 whose。 - 指物：作主语或宾语用 which/that（作宾语可省）；表所属用 whose。 - 指时间/地点/原因：用 when, where, why（在从句中作状语）。 3. 熟记特殊规则：如只能用that或不宜用that的情况。 宾语从句 ➢ 掌握宾语从句的语序、连接词（that, if/whether, 疑问词）和时态呼应规则。 ➢ 能在语境中正确使用宾语从句。 1. 掌握三要素：连接词、陈述语序、时态呼应。 2. 熟练选择连接词： - 陈述事实用 that（可省）。 - 表示“是否”用 if/whether。 - 特殊疑问用原疑问词（what, when, where等）。 3. 掌握时态呼应：主句为现在时，从句根据需要选时态；主句为过去时，从句用相应的过去时态（客观真理除外）。 状语从句 ➢ 掌握常见状语从句（时间、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步等）的基本结构和常用连词。 ➢ 能在语境中理解并初步使用状语从句。 1. 掌握分类与连词：熟记各类状语从句的标志性连词。 2. 掌握核心句法：理解主句与从句的逻辑关系（如因果、条件、时间先后等）。 3. 掌握重点句型：如“主将从现”（时间/条件状语从句）、“虽然…但是…”（though/although与but不连用）等。 命题预测 结合核心素养与中考新趋势： 1. 语境化与综合化：单纯考查单个语法规则的题目减少，更多在完形填空、语法填空、及书面表达中，要求考生根据上下文逻辑和句意，选择正确的连接词、语序或时态。 2. 突出实际运用能力：在书面表达中，能恰当地使用一至两个复合句（尤其是宾语从句和状语从句）来提升文章层次，是获得高分的关键。 3. 聚焦高频核心考点： - 定语从句：考查关系代词（尤其是that, which, who）的选择及省略。 - 宾语从句：考查语序和时态呼应，特别是主过从过的规则。 - 状语从句：考查连词选择和“主将从现” 原则。 解题锦囊 结合中考的实用解题策略： 锦囊1：定语从句——“缺什么补什么”分析法 1. 找先行词：确定从句修饰的名词或代词。 2. 析从句成分：分析关系词在从句中充当的成分（主语、宾语、状语等）。 3. 选关系词： - 缺主语/宾语（指物）：用 that/which。 - 缺主语/宾语（指人）：用 who/whom/that。 - 缺状语（时间/地点/原因）：用 when/where/why。 - 缺定语（表所属）：用 whose。 锦囊2：宾语从句——“三位一体”检查法 遇到宾语从句题，依次检查以下三点： 1. 语序关：从句必须用陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后），这是首要且高频的考点。 2. 连接关：根据句意选择连接词（that, if/whether, 疑问词）。 3. 时态关：牢记“主过从过” 原则。若主句谓语是过去时，从句谓语需用相应的过去时态（一般过去、过去完成、过去将来等），客观真理永远用一般现在时。 锦囊3：状语从句——“逻辑关系”判断法 1. 看连词，定类型：根据空格前后的逻辑关系（时间、原因、条件等）选择对应的连词。 2. 记特殊，防陷阱： - “主将从现”：在 if, unless, when, as soon as 等引导的条件或时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。 - “虽然…但是…”：though/although 与 but 不能连用，二者选一。 - “因为…所以…”：because 与 so 不能连用，二者选一。 通用注意事项： 解答从句题时，首先判断从句类型。对于定语从句，关键是分析从句内部成分的缺失；对于宾语从句，关键是确保陈述语序和时态正确；对于状语从句，关键是把握主从句间的逻辑关系。 考点一 定语从句 功能分类 具体用法与位置 例词/例句 特别注意/易错点/锦囊妙计 核心概念 在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的词称为先行词。从句紧跟在先行词后。 先行词：The book 定语从句：that I borrowed is interesting. ✅ 判断方法：找到从句，看它前面最近的那个名词/代词是否被其描述或限定。 关系代词：指人 根据关系词在从句中充当的成分选择。 作主语：The man who/that is talking is my boss. 作宾语：The girl (whom/who/that) you saw is my sister. 表所属：This is the boy whose mother is a doctor. ⚠️ 易错点： 1. 作宾语时，关系代词可省略（如 whom, that）。 2. whose 后必须接名词，构成“whose + N.”结构。 ✅ 口诀：“人做主宾who/that，宾语可省要记下；表示所属用whose，后跟名词不能差。” 关系代词：指物 根据关系词在从句中充当的成分选择。 作主语：The book which/that is on the table is mine. 作宾语：The movie (which/that) we watched was exciting. ⚠️ 易混点： 1. 作宾语时，关系代词可省略。 2. 介词 + which：当从句谓语是“动词+介词”短语时，可将介词提前。例：This is the room in which I live. (= which I live in) 关系副词 在从句中作状语，修饰先行词。 时间 (when)：I‘ll never forget the day when we met. 地点 (where)：This is the house where I was born. 原因 (why)：That’s the reason why he was late. ⚠️ 易混易错： 关系副词 = 介词 + which when = on/in/at… + which where = in/at… + which why = for + which ✅ 判断技巧：若从句主干（主谓宾）成分完整，只缺一个地点、时间或原因状语，则用关系副词。 只能用that的情况 在以下特定情况下，关系代词必须用 that，不宜用 which/who。 1. 先行词是不定代词 (all, everything, nothing, anything等)。 例：All that can be done has been done. 2. 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only, the very等修饰。 例：This is the best film that I have ever seen. 3. 先行词既有人又有物。 例：They talked about the people and things that they remembered. ⚠️ 速记口诀（必背）：“不定代，序最高；唯一特，人加物；全用that准没错。” 这是中考选择题和语法填空的绝对高频考点。 不宜用that的情况 在以下情况中，关系代词通常不用 that。 1. 非限制性定语从句（用逗号隔开，起补充说明作用）中。 例：Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city. (不能用that) 2. 介词后。 例：This is the room in which he was born. (不能用that) ✅ 特别提醒：非限制性定语从句是对主句的补充说明，去掉后主句意思依然完整。翻译时常译为两个独立句子。 “介词+关系代词”结构 当定语从句的谓语是“动词+介词”短语时，可将介词提前至关系代词前，此时关系代词只能用 which (指物) 或 whom (指人)。 指物：The pen with which he is writing is mine. (= which he is writing with) 指人：The person to whom you spoke is my teacher. (= whom you spoke to) ⚠️ 解题锦囊： 1. 判断从句谓语是否为固定的“动介”短语（如 look after, depend on, talk about）。2. 选择“介词+which/whom”是更正式、更地道的写法，也是语法填空的考点。 关系词在从句中作宾语时的省略 当关系代词在限制性定语从句中充当动词或介词的宾语时，可以省略。 作动词宾语：The man (who/whom/that) you saw is a writer. 作介词宾语（介词不提前时）：The house (which/that) we live in is old. ✅ 方法技巧：判断关系词是否在从句中作宾语（看从句是否已有主语和及物动词）。如果是，则可省略。中考常在语法填空中设置“空”来考查此点。 【应试技巧】 解题核心：“两步定位法” 第一步：定先行，判人/物——先找到定语从句修饰的词（先行词），判断它指人还是物。 第二步：代入分析，看成分——将先行词代入从句，看它在从句中充当什么成分： · 作主语 → 用 who/that (人) 或 which/that (物)。 · 作宾语 → 用 whom/that (人) 或 which/that (物)，且常可省略。 · 作定语 (表“谁的”) → 用 whose。 · 作状语 (表时间、地点、原因) → 用 when, where, why。 口诀：缺主缺宾用代，缺状用副，缺定用whose。 最终检查（必记口诀） · 必须用that：当先行词是 “不定代词、序/最高级、the only/very、人+物” 时。 · 不用that：在非限制性从句（有逗号） 或 介词后。 注意事项 关系词在从句中作宾语时可以省略，作主语时绝不能省。 1．（2025·四川乐山改编）Chengdu is a city in China ________ has two airports because of the opening of Chengdu Tianfu International Airport. 2．（2025·黑龙江龙东改编）The high-technology clothes ________ the players wore helped them perform better in the 9th Asian Winter Games. 3．（2024·四川成都改编）It’s hard to say goodbye to the teachers ________ have spent the past three years with us. 4．（2024·甘肃宁夏改编）A true friend is a person ________ can help you when you are in trouble. 考点二 宾语从句 功能分类 具体用法与关键点 例句 特别注意/易错点/锦囊妙计 连接词 ① 陈述句连接词：用 that 引导，无实际意义，在句中可省略。 ② 一般疑问句连接词：表示“是否”，用 if 或 whether。 ③ 特殊疑问句连接词：用原句的疑问词（what, when, where, how等）引导。 1 I know (that) he is honest. 2 I wonder if/whether he will come. 3 Can you tell me where he lives? ⚠️ if/whether 区别：- 与 or not 直接连用时，常用 whether (whether or not)。 - 作介词宾语时，只用 whether。✅ 口诀：“陈述用that可省掉，是否要用if/whether挑，特殊疑问词不能少。” 语序 从句必须使用陈述语序，即“主语 + 谓语”的顺序，永远不能用疑问语序。 错误：Do you know where is the station? 正确：Do you know where the station is? ⚠️ 高频易错点：这是宾语从句最核心、最常考的规则。无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句语序永远是陈述句。 时态呼应 1 主句现在时：从句可根据需要用任何时态。 2 主句过去时：从句必须用相应的过去时态（一般过去、过去进行、过去完成、过去将来等）。 ③ 客观真理：从句内容是客观事实或真理时，永远用一般现在时。 1 He says he is/was/will be a teacher. ② He said he was a teacher. ③ He told us that the sun rises in the east. ⚠️ 黄金法则：“主过从过”。这是判断时态的关键。看到主句是 said, told, thought 等过去时，立刻检查从句时态是否变为过去范畴。 否定转移 当主句谓语是 think, believe, suppose 等表示“认为”的动词，且主语为第一人称（I/we） 时，常将否定从从句转移到主句。 直译：I think he is not right. (较少用) 常用：I don’t think he is right. ✅ 解题技巧：遇到“I don‘t think + 宾语从句”的翻译或理解题，注意否定意义在从句上。 【应试技巧】 解题核心：“三点一线”检查法 1. 查语序：宾语从句必须用陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后）。这是首要判断点。 2. 选连词：根据句意选连接词。陈述事实用that（可省）；表示“是否”用if/whether；特殊疑问用原疑问词。 3. 定时态：遵循 “主过从过” 原则。主句为过去时，从句必须用相应过去时态（客观真理除外）。 口诀：语序陈述莫乱，主过从过是关键。 1．（2023·湖南岳阳卷）At school gates, you can see some volunteers with red vests (马甲). Can you guess ________ they are? They are parent volunteers. 2．（2025·安徽改编）—Mom, could you tell me ________ we used to visit my grandparents every week? —They will be happy to see us. 3．（2024·江苏南京改编） In a questionnaire about smart technology, students are asked ________ it changes their study. 4．（25-26·江苏扬州·期中改编） —The Jiangsu Football City League was such a great success. — Sure, it shows ________ sports can bring people together, improve city image and even help the local economy. 考点三 状语从句 功能分类 常用从属连词 例句 特别注意/易错点/锦囊妙计 时间状语从句 when, while, as, before, after, since, until, as soon as I will call you as soon as I arrive. ⚠️ “主将从现”原则：当主句是一般将来时，在 when, as soon as, until, if 等引导的时间或条件从句中，用一般现在时表将来。这是绝对高频考点！ 条件状语从句 if, unless (除非) If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. ⚠️ 同上“主将从现”。 ⚠️ if 条件句：用一般现在时表将来条件。 原因状语从句 because, since, as I was late because the traffic was heavy. ⚠️ 固定搭配：Because…, so… 是典型错误。二者选一即可。同理 Though/Although…, but… 也错误。 目的状语从句 so that, in order that (为了) He got up early so that he could catch the first bus. ✅ 判断技巧：看从句是否表示“为了某个目的”。so that 从句中常含情态动词 can/could。 结果状语从句 so…that… (如此…以至于…) He ran so fast that we couldn‘t catch him. ✅ 结构标志：so 后接形容词或副词，that 引导结果从句。注意与 “so that” (目的) 区分。 让步状语从句 though, although, even if (即使) Although it was expensive, I bought it. ⚠️ 固定搭配： Although/Though…, …but… 是典型错误。中文“虽然…但是…”在英文中只能保留一个。 【应试技巧】 解题核心：“一看二断三检查” 1. 看连词：根据主从句的逻辑关系（时间、原因、条件等）选择对应连词。 2. 断时态：特别注意 “主将从现” ：在 if, when, as soon as 等引导的条件或时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。 3. 查搭配：牢记 “Because…, so…” 和 “Although…, but…” 是错误组合，两者只能留一个。 口诀：逻辑关系定连词，主将从现是铁律， because so 不同现。 1．（2025·湖南长沙卷）Still, many people don’t want to read them ________ they are long and have complex plots (复杂的情节). 2．（2023·湖南岳阳卷）They ask the passers-by (路人) not to throw the rubbish everywhere. “____Could____ you please take away your rubbish?” “Would you mind picking up your cigarette butts (烟头)? ...” ________ their work seems simple, they still take it seriously. 3．（2023·湖南永州卷）________ it’s normal to want successful children, it’s even more important to have happy children. 4．（25-26·福建厦门·期中改编）—Labor education is important for students’ development. —Sure. ________ schools put it into practice, students will be more independent. （一） China is a country of etiquette (礼仪). I’m working here as a foreign teacher and I’m leaving soon. I 1 (real) have a deep understanding of Chinese culture and society. Everything was new to me when I first arrived 2 China. As for seats at the table, Chinese people have their own culture. Once, I 3 (invite) to a big dinner at a restaurant. Before the dinner, someone showed me to take the seat 4 was ready for the most important person. It faced the door. I found another 5 (interest) thing. Chinese people like giving gifts in pairs. Last month, I 6 (have) a party with three friends in my home. They each brought two gifts. I couldn’t wait to open them, 7 one of my friends reminded me not to do that right away. He thought it was 8 (polite) to open gifts in front of the givers. These are amazing 9 (day) of cultural experiences. I believe my stay in China will not be 10 last time. I expect to come to China again. （二） Last year, my parents took me on a very special holiday. My dream was to see some real snow, so during the Christmas holiday, we took our passports and 1 (fly) over the Pacific to Calgary, Canada. We took a bus to a ski resort (度假胜地) in the Canadian Rockies. As the bus climbed 2 the mountains, we saw the thick snow on the trees. I was 3 (die) to get out and play with it. At last, we reached the resort and quickly jumped out of the bus. This was our first experience with snow. We were like little children-we made snowballs and threw them at one another. Then we checked in at the hotel. We could see the ski slope opposite the hotel. We could not wait to get out and ski. The next day, we put on our ski suits and gloves, took our skis and went outside onto the snow. Wearing skis for the first time made me feel strange. Suddenly I found 4 (I) unable to walk. Then we had a skiing lesson with a young couple. Our instructor (教练) took us to a gentle slope and showed us some basic skills. 5 (honest), that first lesson was not a great 6 (succeed). I kept on falling over, and I had to hold on to a rope to keep my balance. However, the next day, I only fell over a few times, and I managed 7 (do) a few rapid runs. I was 8 (satisfy) with myself, and my instructor told me I 9 (perform) much better. 10 it was very cold, I spent most of my holiday skiing. I had a wonderful time It was all over too soon. It was a shame (令人惋惜的事), but we had to leave. I wish my parents would take me back for another wonderful skiing holiday this year. （三） On May 18, the students from a special school in Gansu province visited a “mobile (移动的) museum”. They 1 (see) some pictures of things from the museum on the school playground. Chen Bingren, organizer of this activity, had the one-day show 2 (successful). It was Chen’s first time to be a teacher for special kids. The special school has 158 students. 3 many of them have speaking problems, the talk between Chen and the students went very well with the help of a sign language teacher. Huang Baoping is 4 Grade 8 student at the school. He has hearing problems but he likes drawing very much. He kept 5 (ask) questions like, “What’s on the pottery (陶器)?” and “Why did the ancient people draw things like that thousands of years ago?” Later on, Huang took part in a pottery workshop and made a lotus (莲花). Many 6 (child) like Huang made works with their own understanding of things. Chen was 7 (surprise) by the kids’ love for art. Ma Yujiao, a teacher at the special school, says they went to museums many times 8 the past. However, the “mobile museum” was different and special kids 9 (give) better chances to learn about Chinese history. “We will have more ‘mobile museums’ to help more people to learn much 10 (good) about history.” Chen says. “Because museums are important for history.” （四） Erquan Yingyue is one of the most famous pieces of music in China. It was written by Abing 1 was famous for his amazing musical skills. Abing lived a very difficult life. His father 2 (teach) him to play many musical instruments, such as the drums, dizi and erhu, and by age 17, Abing was 3 (know) for his musical ability. However, his father died. Abing’s life grew worse. Not only that, he developed a serious illness and became blind. 4 several years, he lived on the streets and played music to make money. Even after Abing got married and had a home again, he continued to sing and play on the streets. He 5 (perform) in this way for many years. Abing’s amazing musical skills made him very popular during his lifetime. By the end of his life, he 6 (play) over 600 pieces of music. Many of these were written by Abing 7 (him). It is a pity that only six pieces of music in total were recorded for the future world to hear, but his 8 (popular) continues to this day. Today, Abing’s Erquan Yingyue 9 (praise) by all the great erhu masters. It 10 (become) one of China’s national treasures. Its sad beauty not only paints a picture of Abing’s own life but also makes people recall their deepest wounds from their own sad or painful experiences. （五） How to be green We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waste every day, and it is 1 (harm) to our environment. Repeat these three words daily—reduce, reuse and recycle. Reduce means “use less”. Do not waste things. It saves money and 2 (cause) less pollution. Do not order more food than you can finish. Turn 3 the lights when you do not need them. Before you buy something new, think 4 it is really necessary because maybe the old one is just as good! Reuse means “use again”. Use things for 5 long as possible. Look after them so that they will last. Repair them if possible. Do not throw them away and buy new ones. Do not use paper cups or paper bags. It is better to use china cups and cloth bags because they can be 6 (use) many times. Recycle means “change things into something else to be reused”. Although it takes energy 7 (change) things into something else, it is better than throwing things away or burning them. We throw 8 (ton) of rubbish away each year, and we have to make a change. Divide your rubbish into plastic, glass, paper and rubber. 9 (development) a recycling policy for the whole community. Buy products such as recycled paper to help save trees. We cannot hope for 10 (rapidly) change, but let’s take these simple steps today so that we will save the world for our grandsons and granddaughters tomorrow. （六） Night schools are nothing new today. Li Mei is 1 engineer in the day. But in the evening, she becomes a student at a night school in Chengdu. She is trying new 2 (hobby) with her 5-year-old son, such as cooking and singing. She used to spend evenings 3 (watch) her son play in the park. Now she can try new things with him at a night school. A growing number of Chinese people go to night schools. They can learn 4 (color) things, from art 5 sports, for free. Young people 6 want to look for new skills and friends go to night schools. In the 1980s, many people 7 (go) to night schools for further education. However, night schools were gone because more people got higher education. Some new night schools came to Shanghai last autumn. Then more night schools 8 (quick) appeared in other cities. For example, Miss Wang from Deyang thinks that night schools are good places for her 9 (make) friends. “I used to spend much of my time alone. I have felt more connected with modern society since I became a student of the night school,” she said. Young people wish to make themselves better so that 10 (they) daily lives can be meaningful. That has made night schools develop rapidly. （七） Jasmine (茉莉), with its sweet smell and white flowers, is loved worldwide. It 1 (come) to China a long time ago and became part of Chinese culture. In Chinese, “jasmine” sounds like “no profit (利润)”. It 2 (tell) people not to care too much about money. It’s also a symbol 3 purity (纯洁). A famous Chinese song “Jasmine Flower” shows its beauty. This song is so popular 4 it was even used in an Italian opera. It is often the first Chinese song that many 5 (foreigner) learn. Jasmine grows 6 (wide) in China, mainly in Hengzhou, Guangxi. This area produces 60% of the world’s jasmine, so it is 7 (call) the “Jasmine Capital of China”. Farmers there now use AI robots to help with 8 (they) work. The robots check if the plants are sick by examining the leaves. If there’s a problem, farmers can know it 9 solve it in time. AI tools study the weather and tell farmers the best time to water the plants. This makes sure the flowers stay 10 (health) and grow fast. Finally, jasmine flowers are picked gently by AI robots, sent to factories quickly by drones (无人机) and turned into jasmine tea. With smart technology, jasmine flowers bring people more profit. （八） How Technology Helps Emperor Penguins With the development of science and technology, we have learned a lot about animals. Emperor penguins can grow up to 1.2 meters tall, and they are the 1 (large) of all the penguin kinds. In 2022, they were listed as endangered animals because the Antarctic sea ice that they live 2 is becoming smaller and smaller. Now scientists are using high technology to follow them and learn more about how 3 (protect) them. One of the 4 (way) researchers are able to do this is by looking at pictures taken by satellites above the Earth. Large groups of emperor penguins can be seen from space. When scientists first started using satellites to look at the penguins, there were only 28 groups. So far, scientists 5 (discover) 66 groups. Even using satellites, it is so difficult to count how many penguins live in different groups. Scientists can improve population estimates (估计) by watching the area’s weather 6 (careful). Measuring the wind speed and temperature can help predict if the penguins gather closely together or spread apart across the ice. If scientists know 7 the weather was like when the pictures were taken, they can estimate how many penguins are pictured. Scientists can also watch penguins’ movements by giving 8 (they) special electronic tags. A scanner 9 (carry) by a robot, and it can read information on the tags. The robot also uses AI to recognize the penguins. It moves very slowly so that it doesn’t make the birds stressed. Daniel, one of the penguin researchers, hopes the technology 10 (lead) us to a “golden age of research”. Thanks to technology, we are seeing more things that no one has ever seen before. （九） “I hope to organize my concert in the near future so that I can introduce Chinese folk music to more people.” Zheng Xiaohui, 1 young Chinese girl from Shandong, shared her wish after she played the erhu at an open-air concert in Milan, Italy. In fact, this was Zheng’s 2 (one) performance on the street in Milan. She played several classical pieces. One was Bella Ciao, a very popular song among Italians. Her wonderful performance 3 (praise) by many people. The audience (观众) were surprised and they never thought it could be played so well 4 the erhu. Since she played the erhu on the street in Milan, Zheng 5 (receive) many flowers from her fans. She has always been moved by them. “When I performed on the street, the audience gradually formed a large circle around me and danced 6 (happy) together,” Zheng said. “It made me believe that music has no boundaries (边界).” In order to spread the beauty of traditional Chinese music, she often uses traditional Chinese 7 (instrument) like the pipa and guzheng to play along with her music. Today she’s got lots of fans online. A comment online said, “The performance is beautiful, but do you know what’s even 8 (good)? It’s amazing how music brings people closer together.” In the future, Zheng wants to create more songs 9 can mix traditional Chinese music and local music styles. “If I have an opportunity (机会), I 10 (play) an important part in erhu education, like a ‘dandelion seed (蒲公英的种子)’ spreading traditional Chinese music to more and more places around the world,” she said. （十） “Everyone says Yimeng Mountain is beautiful, the scenery on Yimeng Mountain is excellent ...” When this well-known melody (旋律) plays, the green mountains and clear water of Yimeng come alive in the music. For over 70 years, the story behind this local song has remained unknown widely. Let’s search for 1 (it) past and present together. Song Shoulian, the third-generation inheritor (第三代传唱人) of the tune, told reporters that the song 2 (create) in the 1940s, carrying the simple and hard-working spirit of Yimeng. “In 1940, Ruan Ruoshan and Li Lin 3 were from the First Anti-Japanese University were asked to create a song to praise Yimeng people. They collected materials by 4 (visit) local families and researching folk culture. Thanks 5 their long-term preparations, Ruan Ruoshan wrote the lyrics with Li Lin in a village house overnight. When Ruan Ruoshan sang the song for the first time, the crowd was 6 excited that many people volunteered to join the army,” said Song. Later, it spread across Shandong and other places. With the simple lyrics, beautiful melody, and 7 (live) performances, Yimeng Mountain Tune has become a symbol of Yimeng and a musical sign of Shandong. 8 (protect) this culture, the Yimeng Mountain Tune Living Museum was built at the tune’s birthplaceBaishiwu, Feixian in 2016. The museum shows the tune’s history completely. It 9 (hold) plenty of wonderful performances so far. “We organize many regular singing activities, especially for 10 (child), to pass the tune down generation after generation.” Song said. 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 复合句 目录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 4 03 考点通关·靶向突破 4 考点一 定语从句 4 考点二 宾语从句 8 考点三 状语从句 10 04 优题精选·练能提分 11 考点 课标要求 复习目标 定语从句 ➢ 掌握定语从句的基本概念，理解关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose）和关系副词（when, where, why）的基本用法。 ➢ 能在语境中辨认并初步使用定语从句。 1. 掌握核心概念：能识别先行词，理解从句修饰先行词的作用。 2. 掌握关系词选择： - 指人：作主语用 who/that；作宾语用 whom/who/that（可省）；表所属用 whose。 - 指物：作主语或宾语用 which/that（作宾语可省）；表所属用 whose。 - 指时间/地点/原因：用 when, where, why（在从句中作状语）。 3. 熟记特殊规则：如只能用that或不宜用that的情况。 宾语从句 ➢ 掌握宾语从句的语序、连接词（that, if/whether, 疑问词）和时态呼应规则。 ➢ 能在语境中正确使用宾语从句。 1. 掌握三要素：连接词、陈述语序、时态呼应。 2. 熟练选择连接词： - 陈述事实用 that（可省）。 - 表示“是否”用 if/whether。 - 特殊疑问用原疑问词（what, when, where等）。 3. 掌握时态呼应：主句为现在时，从句根据需要选时态；主句为过去时，从句用相应的过去时态（客观真理除外）。 状语从句 ➢ 掌握常见状语从句（时间、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步等）的基本结构和常用连词。 ➢ 能在语境中理解并初步使用状语从句。 1. 掌握分类与连词：熟记各类状语从句的标志性连词。 2. 掌握核心句法：理解主句与从句的逻辑关系（如因果、条件、时间先后等）。 3. 掌握重点句型：如“主将从现”（时间/条件状语从句）、“虽然…但是…”（though/although与but不连用）等。 命题预测 结合核心素养与中考新趋势： 1. 语境化与综合化：单纯考查单个语法规则的题目减少，更多在完形填空、语法填空、及书面表达中，要求考生根据上下文逻辑和句意，选择正确的连接词、语序或时态。 2. 突出实际运用能力：在书面表达中，能恰当地使用一至两个复合句（尤其是宾语从句和状语从句）来提升文章层次，是获得高分的关键。 3. 聚焦高频核心考点： - 定语从句：考查关系代词（尤其是that, which, who）的选择及省略。 - 宾语从句：考查语序和时态呼应，特别是主过从过的规则。 - 状语从句：考查连词选择和“主将从现” 原则。 解题锦囊 结合中考的实用解题策略： 锦囊1：定语从句——“缺什么补什么”分析法 1. 找先行词：确定从句修饰的名词或代词。 2. 析从句成分：分析关系词在从句中充当的成分（主语、宾语、状语等）。 3. 选关系词： - 缺主语/宾语（指物）：用 that/which。 - 缺主语/宾语（指人）：用 who/whom/that。 - 缺状语（时间/地点/原因）：用 when/where/why。 - 缺定语（表所属）：用 whose。 锦囊2：宾语从句——“三位一体”检查法 遇到宾语从句题，依次检查以下三点： 1. 语序关：从句必须用陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后），这是首要且高频的考点。 2. 连接关：根据句意选择连接词（that, if/whether, 疑问词）。 3. 时态关：牢记“主过从过” 原则。若主句谓语是过去时，从句谓语需用相应的过去时态（一般过去、过去完成、过去将来等），客观真理永远用一般现在时。 锦囊3：状语从句——“逻辑关系”判断法 1. 看连词，定类型：根据空格前后的逻辑关系（时间、原因、条件等）选择对应的连词。 2. 记特殊，防陷阱： - “主将从现”：在 if, unless, when, as soon as 等引导的条件或时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。 - “虽然…但是…”：though/although 与 but 不能连用，二者选一。 - “因为…所以…”：because 与 so 不能连用，二者选一。 通用注意事项： 解答从句题时，首先判断从句类型。对于定语从句，关键是分析从句内部成分的缺失；对于宾语从句，关键是确保陈述语序和时态正确；对于状语从句，关键是把握主从句间的逻辑关系。 考点一 定语从句 功能分类 具体用法与位置 例词/例句 特别注意/易错点/锦囊妙计 核心概念 在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的词称为先行词。从句紧跟在先行词后。 先行词：The book 定语从句：that I borrowed is interesting. ✅ 判断方法：找到从句，看它前面最近的那个名词/代词是否被其描述或限定。 关系代词：指人 根据关系词在从句中充当的成分选择。 作主语：The man who/that is talking is my boss. 作宾语：The girl (whom/who/that) you saw is my sister. 表所属：This is the boy whose mother is a doctor. ⚠️ 易错点： 1. 作宾语时，关系代词可省略（如 whom, that）。 2. whose 后必须接名词，构成“whose + N.”结构。 ✅ 口诀：“人做主宾who/that，宾语可省要记下；表示所属用whose，后跟名词不能差。” 关系代词：指物 根据关系词在从句中充当的成分选择。 作主语：The book which/that is on the table is mine. 作宾语：The movie (which/that) we watched was exciting. ⚠️ 易混点： 1. 作宾语时，关系代词可省略。 2. 介词 + which：当从句谓语是“动词+介词”短语时，可将介词提前。例：This is the room in which I live. (= which I live in) 关系副词 在从句中作状语，修饰先行词。 时间 (when)：I‘ll never forget the day when we met. 地点 (where)：This is the house where I was born. 原因 (why)：That’s the reason why he was late. ⚠️ 易混易错： 关系副词 = 介词 + which when = on/in/at… + which where = in/at… + which why = for + which ✅ 判断技巧：若从句主干（主谓宾）成分完整，只缺一个地点、时间或原因状语，则用关系副词。 只能用that的情况 在以下特定情况下，关系代词必须用 that，不宜用 which/who。 1. 先行词是不定代词 (all, everything, nothing, anything等)。 例：All that can be done has been done. 2. 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only, the very等修饰。 例：This is the best film that I have ever seen. 3. 先行词既有人又有物。 例：They talked about the people and things that they remembered. ⚠️ 速记口诀（必背）：“不定代，序最高；唯一特，人加物；全用that准没错。” 这是中考选择题和语法填空的绝对高频考点。 不宜用that的情况 在以下情况中，关系代词通常不用 that。 1. 非限制性定语从句（用逗号隔开，起补充说明作用）中。 例：Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city. (不能用that) 2. 介词后。 例：This is the room in which he was born. (不能用that) ✅ 特别提醒：非限制性定语从句是对主句的补充说明，去掉后主句意思依然完整。翻译时常译为两个独立句子。 “介词+关系代词”结构 当定语从句的谓语是“动词+介词”短语时，可将介词提前至关系代词前，此时关系代词只能用 which (指物) 或 whom (指人)。 指物：The pen with which he is writing is mine. (= which he is writing with) 指人：The person to whom you spoke is my teacher. (= whom you spoke to) ⚠️ 解题锦囊： 1. 判断从句谓语是否为固定的“动介”短语（如 look after, depend on, talk about）。2. 选择“介词+which/whom”是更正式、更地道的写法，也是语法填空的考点。 关系词在从句中作宾语时的省略 当关系代词在限制性定语从句中充当动词或介词的宾语时，可以省略。 作动词宾语：The man (who/whom/that) you saw is a writer. 作介词宾语（介词不提前时）：The house (which/that) we live in is old. ✅ 方法技巧：判断关系词是否在从句中作宾语（看从句是否已有主语和及物动词）。如果是，则可省略。中考常在语法填空中设置“空”来考查此点。 【应试技巧】 解题核心：“两步定位法” 第一步：定先行，判人/物——先找到定语从句修饰的词（先行词），判断它指人还是物。 第二步：代入分析，看成分——将先行词代入从句，看它在从句中充当什么成分： · 作主语 → 用 who/that (人) 或 which/that (物)。 · 作宾语 → 用 whom/that (人) 或 which/that (物)，且常可省略。 · 作定语 (表“谁的”) → 用 whose。 · 作状语 (表时间、地点、原因) → 用 when, where, why。 口诀：缺主缺宾用代，缺状用副，缺定用whose。 最终检查（必记口诀） · 必须用that：当先行词是 “不定代词、序/最高级、the only/very、人+物” 时。 · 不用that：在非限制性从句（有逗号） 或 介词后。 注意事项 关系词在从句中作宾语时可以省略，作主语时绝不能省。 1．（2025·四川乐山改编）Chengdu is a city in China ________ has two airports because of the opening of Chengdu Tianfu International Airport. 【答案】that/which 【解析】句意:由于成都天府国际机场的开放，成都是中国一个有两个机场的城市。考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是acity，关系词在从句中作主语，用that/which引导定语从句。 2．（2025·黑龙江龙东改编）The high-technology clothes ________ the players wore helped them perform better in the 9th Asian Winter Games. 【答案】that/which 【解析】句意:运动员穿的高科技服装帮助他们在第九届亚冬会上表现更好。考查定语从句的引导词。That/which无实义，引导定语从句。根据"The high-technology clothes...the players wore"可知原句是定语从句，且先行词是物，应用that/which引导。 3．（2024·四川成都改编）It’s hard to say goodbye to the teachers ________ have spent the past three years with us. 【答案】who 【解析】句意:和那些过去三年与我们共度时光的老师们告别很难。考查定语从句关系代词的用法。which先行词指物;who先行词指人需用关系代词who引导。 4．（2024·甘肃宁夏改编）A true friend is a person ________ can help you when you are in trouble. 【答案】who 【解析】句意:真正的朋友是在你困难的时候能帮助你的人。考查定语从句引导词。who指人，在句中作主语/宾语，修饰名词person，指人，并且在句中作主语，用引导词who。 考点二 宾语从句 功能分类 具体用法与关键点 例句 特别注意/易错点/锦囊妙计 连接词 ① 陈述句连接词：用 that 引导，无实际意义，在句中可省略。 ② 一般疑问句连接词：表示“是否”，用 if 或 whether。 ③ 特殊疑问句连接词：用原句的疑问词（what, when, where, how等）引导。 1 I know (that) he is honest. 2 I wonder if/whether he will come. 3 Can you tell me where he lives? ⚠️ if/whether 区别：- 与 or not 直接连用时，常用 whether (whether or not)。 - 作介词宾语时，只用 whether。✅ 口诀：“陈述用that可省掉，是否要用if/whether挑，特殊疑问词不能少。” 语序 从句必须使用陈述语序，即“主语 + 谓语”的顺序，永远不能用疑问语序。 错误：Do you know where is the station? 正确：Do you know where the station is? ⚠️ 高频易错点：这是宾语从句最核心、最常考的规则。无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句语序永远是陈述句。 时态呼应 1 主句现在时：从句可根据需要用任何时态。 2 主句过去时：从句必须用相应的过去时态（一般过去、过去进行、过去完成、过去将来等）。 ③ 客观真理：从句内容是客观事实或真理时，永远用一般现在时。 1 He says he is/was/will be a teacher. ② He said he was a teacher. ③ He told us that the sun rises in the east. ⚠️ 黄金法则：“主过从过”。这是判断时态的关键。看到主句是 said, told, thought 等过去时，立刻检查从句时态是否变为过去范畴。 否定转移 当主句谓语是 think, believe, suppose 等表示“认为”的动词，且主语为第一人称（I/we） 时，常将否定从从句转移到主句。 直译：I think he is not right. (较少用) 常用：I don’t think he is right. ✅ 解题技巧：遇到“I don‘t think + 宾语从句”的翻译或理解题，注意否定意义在从句上。 【应试技巧】 解题核心：“三点一线”检查法 1. 查语序：宾语从句必须用陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后）。这是首要判断点。 2. 选连词：根据句意选连接词。陈述事实用that（可省）；表示“是否”用if/whether；特殊疑问用原疑问词。 3. 定时态：遵循 “主过从过” 原则。主句为过去时，从句必须用相应过去时态（客观真理除外）。 口诀：语序陈述莫乱，主过从过是关键。 1．（2023·湖南岳阳卷）At school gates, you can see some volunteers with red vests (马甲). Can you guess ________ they are? They are parent volunteers. 【答案】who 【解析】句意：你能猜到他们是谁吗？根据“Can you guess...they are? They are parent volunteers.”可知，猜他们是谁，用who引导宾语从句，故填who。 2．（2025·安徽改编）—Mom, could you tell me ________ we used to visit my grandparents every week? —They will be happy to see us. 【答案】why 【解析】句意:-妈妈，你能告诉我为什么我们以前每周都去看望爷爷奶奶吗?-他们见到我们会很高兴的。考查宾语从句。根据回答"They wilbehappy toseeus."可知，以前之所以每周都去看望爷爷奶奶，是因为他们见到我们会很高兴。因此，此处应是询问"原因"，故填why 3．（2024·江苏南京改编） In a questionnaire about smart technology, students are asked ________ it changes their study. 【答案】how 【解析】句意:在一份关于智能技术的问卷中，学生被问及它如何改变他们的学习。根据"itchanges their study"可知句子是宾语从句，此处表示 "智能技术如何改变他们的学习"，用how引导。 4．（25-26·江苏扬州·期中改编） —The Jiangsu Football City League was such a great success. — Sure, it shows ________ sports can bring people together, improve city image and even help the local economy. 【答案】how 【解析】句意:江苏足球城市联赛如此成功。当然，它展示了体育如何将人们聚集在一起、提升城市形象甚至帮助当地经济。考查宾语从句的引导词。根据 "sports can bring people together.."可知，主句"itshows"后接宾语从句，表示展示体育实现积极影响的方式，因此需用how引导从句。 考点三 状语从句 功能分类 常用从属连词 例句 特别注意/易错点/锦囊妙计 时间状语从句 when, while, as, before, after, since, until, as soon as I will call you as soon as I arrive. ⚠️ “主将从现”原则：当主句是一般将来时，在 when, as soon as, until, if 等引导的时间或条件从句中，用一般现在时表将来。这是绝对高频考点！ 条件状语从句 if, unless (除非) If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. ⚠️ 同上“主将从现”。 ⚠️ if 条件句：用一般现在时表将来条件。 原因状语从句 because, since, as I was late because the traffic was heavy. ⚠️ 固定搭配：Because…, so… 是典型错误。二者选一即可。同理 Though/Although…, but… 也错误。 目的状语从句 so that, in order that (为了) He got up early so that he could catch the first bus. ✅ 判断技巧：看从句是否表示“为了某个目的”。so that 从句中常含情态动词 can/could。 结果状语从句 so…that… (如此…以至于…) He ran so fast that we couldn‘t catch him. ✅ 结构标志：so 后接形容词或副词，that 引导结果从句。注意与 “so that” (目的) 区分。 让步状语从句 though, although, even if (即使) Although it was expensive, I bought it. ⚠️ 固定搭配： Although/Though…, …but… 是典型错误。中文“虽然…但是…”在英文中只能保留一个。 【应试技巧】 解题核心：“一看二断三检查” 1. 看连词：根据主从句的逻辑关系（时间、原因、条件等）选择对应连词。 2. 断时态：特别注意 “主将从现” ：在 if, when, as soon as 等引导的条件或时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。 3. 查搭配：牢记 “Because…, so…” 和 “Although…, but…” 是错误组合，两者只能留一个。 口诀：逻辑关系定连词，主将从现是铁律， because so 不同现。 1．（2025·湖南长沙卷）Still, many people don’t want to read them ________ they are long and have complex plots (复杂的情节). 【答案】because 【解析】句意：不过，仍有许多人不愿去读这些书，因为它们篇幅很长，情节也十分复杂。“they are long and have complex plots”是“many people don’t want to read them”的原因，用because引导原因状语从句。故填because。 2．（2023·湖南岳阳卷）They ask the passers-by (路人) not to throw the rubbish everywhere. “____Could____ you please take away your rubbish?” “Would you mind picking up your cigarette butts (烟头)? ...” ________ their work seems simple, they still take it seriously. 【答案】Although/Though 【解析】句意：虽然他们的工作看起来很简单，但他们仍然认真对待。分析“...their work seems simple, they still take it seriously.”可知，前后两句构成让步关系，用although/though引导让步状语从句，句首需大写首字母。故填Although/Though。 3．（2023·湖南永州卷）________ it’s normal to want successful children, it’s even more important to have happy children. 【答案】Although/Though 【详解】句意：虽然想要成功的孩子很正常，但更重要的是想要快乐的孩子。结合句意，前半句表示“想要成功的孩子很正常”，后半句表示“更重要的是想要快乐的孩子”，前后表示让步关系，故填Although/Though。 4．（25-26·福建厦门·期中改编）—Labor education is important for students’ development. —Sure. ________ schools put it into practice, students will be more independent. 【答案】if 【解析】句意:劳动教育对学生的发展很重要。当然。如果学校把它付诸实践，学生将会更独立考查连词辨析根据 "schools put it into practice, students will be more independent"可知,此处是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循"主将从现"原则，即如果学校落实劳动教育，学生就会更独立。 （一） China is a country of etiquette (礼仪). I’m working here as a foreign teacher and I’m leaving soon. I 1 (real) have a deep understanding of Chinese culture and society. Everything was new to me when I first arrived 2 China. As for seats at the table, Chinese people have their own culture. Once, I 3 (invite) to a big dinner at a restaurant. Before the dinner, someone showed me to take the seat 4 was ready for the most important person. It faced the door. I found another 5 (interest) thing. Chinese people like giving gifts in pairs. Last month, I 6 (have) a party with three friends in my home. They each brought two gifts. I couldn’t wait to open them, 7 one of my friends reminded me not to do that right away. He thought it was 8 (polite) to open gifts in front of the givers. These are amazing 9 (day) of cultural experiences. I believe my stay in China will not be 10 last time. I expect to come to China again. 【答案】 1．really 2．in 3．was invited 4．that/which 5．interesting 6．had 7．but/yet 8．impolite 9．days 10．the 【导语】本文讲述了一位在中国工作的外教即将离开中国，在离开前分享了自己对中国文化和社会的深刻理解。 1．句意：我是一名外教，即将离开中国，我真的对中国文化和社会有了深刻的理解。根据“I….have a deep understanding of Chinese culture and society.”和提示词可知，此处表达“真的对中国文化和社会有了深刻的理解”，really“真正地”符合句意。故填really。 2．句意：当我第一次来到中国时，一切对我来说都是新的。根据“Everything was new to me when I first arrived … China.”可知，此处表达“来到中国”，arrive in+大地点。故填in。 3．句意：有一次，我被邀请到一家餐馆吃一顿丰盛的晚餐。根据“Once, I …to a big dinner at a restaurant.”和提示词可知，此处表达“我被邀请”，应该用被动语态，且根据“Once”可知，应该用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是I，be动词用was。故填was invited。 4．句意：晚饭前，有人让我坐在为最重要的人准备的座位上。根据“Before the dinner, someone showed me to take the seat … was ready for the most important person.”可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是seat，指物，在从句中作主语，关系词用that或which。故填that/which。 5．句意：我发现了另一件有趣的事。根据“I found another…thing.”和提示词可知，此处表达“另一件有趣的事”，interesting“有趣的”，形容词修饰名词thing。故填interesting。 6．句意：上个月，我和三个朋友在家里举行了一个聚会。根据“Last month, I…a party with three friends in my home.”和提示词可知，此处表达“举行了一个聚会”，根据“Last month”可知，应该用一般过去时，have的过去式是had。故填had。 7．句意：我迫不及待地想打开它们，但我的一个朋友提醒我不要马上打开。根据“I couldn’t wait to open them,…one of my friends reminded me not to do that right away.”可知，前后句是转折关系，but“但是”或yet“然而”符合句意。故填but/yet。 8．句意：他认为在送礼者面前打开礼物是不礼貌的。根据“He thought it was…to open gifts in front of the givers.”和提示词可知，此处表达“在送礼者面前打开礼物是不礼貌的”，impolite“不礼貌的”符合句意。故填impolite。 9．句意：这些是令人惊叹的文化体验日。根据“These are amazing…of cultural experiences.”和提示词可知，此处表达“文化体验日”，day“天”，可数名词，根据“These are”可知，应该用复数形式。故填days。 10．句意：我相信我在中国的停留不会是最后一次。根据“I believe my stay in China will not be … last time.”可知，此处表达“不会是最后一次”，last前面应该加定冠词the。故填the。 （二） Last year, my parents took me on a very special holiday. My dream was to see some real snow, so during the Christmas holiday, we took our passports and 1 (fly) over the Pacific to Calgary, Canada. We took a bus to a ski resort (度假胜地) in the Canadian Rockies. As the bus climbed 2 the mountains, we saw the thick snow on the trees. I was 3 (die) to get out and play with it. At last, we reached the resort and quickly jumped out of the bus. This was our first experience with snow. We were like little children-we made snowballs and threw them at one another. Then we checked in at the hotel. We could see the ski slope opposite the hotel. We could not wait to get out and ski. The next day, we put on our ski suits and gloves, took our skis and went outside onto the snow. Wearing skis for the first time made me feel strange. Suddenly I found 4 (I) unable to walk. Then we had a skiing lesson with a young couple. Our instructor (教练) took us to a gentle slope and showed us some basic skills. 5 (honest), that first lesson was not a great 6 (succeed). I kept on falling over, and I had to hold on to a rope to keep my balance. However, the next day, I only fell over a few times, and I managed 7 (do) a few rapid runs. I was 8 (satisfy) with myself, and my instructor told me I 9 (perform) much better. 10 it was very cold, I spent most of my holiday skiing. I had a wonderful time It was all over too soon. It was a shame (令人惋惜的事), but we had to leave. I wish my parents would take me back for another wonderful skiing holiday this year. 【答案】 1．flew 2．through 3．dying 4．myself 5．Honestly 6．success 7．to do 8．satisfied 9．was performing 10．Although/Though 【导语】本文介绍了作者和父母去年的一次特别的假期活动。 1．句意：我的梦想是看到一些真正的雪，所以在圣诞节假期期间，我们拿着护照，飞越太平洋到达加拿大的卡尔加里。根据“took our passports and”以及所给单词可知，此处指拿着护照飞越太平洋，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填flew。 2．句意：当公共汽车翻山越岭时，我们看到了树上厚厚的积雪。根据“the mountains”可知，此处指公共汽车在山中行驶，through表示从内部穿过，故填through。 3．句意：我迫不及待地想出去玩它。根据“to get out and play with it”以及所给单词可知，此处指迫不及待地想出去玩雪，be dying to do sth.表示“渴望做某事”，故填dying。 4．句意：突然我发现自己走不动了。根据“found...unable to walk”以及所给单词可知，此处指发现自己走不动了，I的反身代词是myself，故填myself。 5．句意：老实说，第一节课并不是很成功。根据“that first lesson was not a great...”以及所给单词可知，此处指老实说，honestly表示“老实说”，副词修饰整个句子，句首首字母大写，故填Honestly。 6．句意：老实说，第一节课并不是很成功。根据“a great...”以及所给单词可知，此处指并不是很成功，a后跟名词单数，succeed的名词是success，故填success。 7．句意：然而，第二天，我只摔倒了几次，我设法快速地滑了几趟。根据“managed...a few rapid runs”以及所给单词可知，此处指设法快速地滑了几趟，manage to do sth.表示“设法做某事”，故填to do。 8．句意：我对自己很满意，我的教练告诉我，我的表现好多了。根据“I was...with myself”以及所给单词可知，此处指对自己很满意，be satisfied with表示“对……满意”，故填satisfied。 9．句意：我对自己很满意，我的教练告诉我，我的表现好多了。根据“told me I...much better”以及所给单词可知，此处指作者表现好多了，描述过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，主语是“I”，be动词填was。故填was performing。 10．句意：尽管天气很冷，但我假期的大部分时间都在滑雪。根据“it was very cold, I spent most of my holiday skiing.”可知，前后是让步关系，应用although/though引导让步状语从句，句首首字母大写，故填Although/Though。 （三） On May 18, the students from a special school in Gansu province visited a “mobile (移动的) museum”. They 1 (see) some pictures of things from the museum on the school playground. Chen Bingren, organizer of this activity, had the one-day show 2 (successful). It was Chen’s first time to be a teacher for special kids. The special school has 158 students. 3 many of them have speaking problems, the talk between Chen and the students went very well with the help of a sign language teacher. Huang Baoping is 4 Grade 8 student at the school. He has hearing problems but he likes drawing very much. He kept 5 (ask) questions like, “What’s on the pottery (陶器)?” and “Why did the ancient people draw things like that thousands of years ago?” Later on, Huang took part in a pottery workshop and made a lotus (莲花). Many 6 (child) like Huang made works with their own understanding of things. Chen was 7 (surprise) by the kids’ love for art. Ma Yujiao, a teacher at the special school, says they went to museums many times 8 the past. However, the “mobile museum” was different and special kids 9 (give) better chances to learn about Chinese history. “We will have more ‘mobile museums’ to help more people to learn much 10 (good) about history.” Chen says. “Because museums are important for history.” 【答案】 1．saw 2．successfully 3．Although/Though 4．a 5．asking 6．children 7．surprised 8．in 9．were given 10．better 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了甘肃省一所特殊学校的学生参观“流动博物馆”的经历，以及这次活动对他们的意义。 1．句意：他们在学校操场上看到了博物馆里的一些物品的图片。空处为谓语动词，根据上下文时态为一般过去时，故谓语动词用过去式，see的过去式是saw。故填saw。 2．句意：活动组织者陈炳仁成功举办了这次为期一天的展览。空处修饰动词had，需用副词形式，success的副词是successfully。故填successfully。 3．句意：尽管他们中的许多人都有语言障碍，但在手语老师的帮助下，陈和学生的交流非常顺利。根据“... many of them have speaking problems, the talk between Chen and the students went very well with the help of a sign language teacher.”可知，空处引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，用Although或Though。故填Although/Though。 4．句意：黄宝平是该校八年级的一名学生。空处表示“一个”，且Grade发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a表示泛指。故填a。 5．句意：他不停地问这样的问题：“陶器上有什么？”以及“为什么几千年前的古人会画那样的东西？” keep doing sth.为固定搭配，表示“持续做某事”，ask的动名词是asking。故填asking。 6．句意：许多像黄这样的孩子用自己的理解创作了作品。many修饰名词复数，child的复数是children。故填children。 7．句意：孩子们对艺术的热爱让陈老师很惊讶。空处为形容词作表语，且修饰人，表示“感到惊讶的”，用surprised。故填surprised。 8．句意：特殊学校的老师马玉娇说，他们过去去过博物馆很多次。in the past是固定短语，表示“在过去”。故填in。 9．句意：然而，“流动博物馆”是不同的，特殊儿童被给予了更好的机会了解中国历史。空处为谓语动词，主语kids与give之间是被动关系，且时态为一般过去时，结构是was/were done，主语kids是复数，give的过去分词是given。故填were given。 10．句意：我们将有更多的“流动博物馆”来帮助更多人更好地了解历史。根据“We will have more ‘mobile museums’ to help more people to learn much ... about history.”可知，此处指更好地了解历史，空处修饰动词learn，需用副词well比较级better。故填better。 （四） Erquan Yingyue is one of the most famous pieces of music in China. It was written by Abing 1 was famous for his amazing musical skills. Abing lived a very difficult life. His father 2 (teach) him to play many musical instruments, such as the drums, dizi and erhu, and by age 17, Abing was 3 (know) for his musical ability. However, his father died. Abing’s life grew worse. Not only that, he developed a serious illness and became blind. 4 several years, he lived on the streets and played music to make money. Even after Abing got married and had a home again, he continued to sing and play on the streets. He 5 (perform) in this way for many years. Abing’s amazing musical skills made him very popular during his lifetime. By the end of his life, he 6 (play) over 600 pieces of music. Many of these were written by Abing 7 (him). It is a pity that only six pieces of music in total were recorded for the future world to hear, but his 8 (popular) continues to this day. Today, Abing’s Erquan Yingyue 9 (praise) by all the great erhu masters. It 10 (become) one of China’s national treasures. Its sad beauty not only paints a picture of Abing’s own life but also makes people recall their deepest wounds from their own sad or painful experiences. 【答案】 1．who 2．taught 3．known 4．For 5．performed 6．had played 7．himself 8．popularity 9．is praised 10．has become 【导语】本文讲述了《二泉映月》这首中国著名乐曲及其创作者阿炳的生平故事。 1．句意：它是由以惊人的音乐技巧而闻名的阿炳创作的。根据“It was written by Abing...was famous for his amazing musical skills.”可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为Abing，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，因此使用关系代词who。故填who。 2．句意：他的父亲教他演奏许多乐器，如鼓、笛子和二胡，到17岁时，阿炳就以他的音乐才能而闻名。根据“His father...him to play many musical instruments”可知，此处使用动词teach，teach sb to do sth“教某人做某事”，根据“by age 17”可知，此处为一般过去时，因此使用动词的过去式。故填taught。 3．句意：他的父亲教他演奏许多乐器，如鼓、笛子和二胡，到17岁时，阿炳就以他的音乐才能而闻名。根据“Abing was...for his musical ability”可知，此处使用形容词，be known for“因……而闻名”。故填known。 4．句意：他流落街头几年时间，靠演奏音乐赚钱。根据“...several years, he lived on the streets”可知，此处使用介词for，for+一段时间，表示“持续一段时间”。故填For。 5．句意：他以这种方式表演了很多年。根据“He...in this way for many years.”可知，此处使用动词perform“表演”，根据“for many years”可知，此处描述过去特定时间内持续的动作，用一般过去时。故填performed。 6．句意：到他生命的尽头，他已经演奏了600多首乐曲。根据“By the end of his life, he...over 600 pieces of music.”可知，此处表示到他生命的尽头，他已经演奏了600多首乐曲，因此使用过去完成时，其结构为had done。故填had played。 7．句意：其中许多都是阿炳自己写的。根据“Many of these were written by Abing...”可知，此处使用反身代词，himself“他自己”。故填himself。 8．句意：遗憾的是，总共只有六首音乐被录制下来供未来的世界聆听，但他的受欢迎程度一直持续到今天。根据“his...continues to this day”可知，此处使用名词，popular的名词为popularity“受欢迎程度”，不可数名词。故填popularity。 9．句意：今天，阿炳的《二泉映月》受到所有伟大的二胡大师的赞扬。根据“Today, Abing’s Erquan Yingyue...by all the great erhu masters.”可知，此处使用被动语态，其结构为be done，根据“Today”可知，此处为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，be动词使用is。故填is praised。 10．句意：它已成为中国的国宝之一。根据“It...one of China’s national treasures.”可知，此处表示它已成为中国的国宝之一，因此使用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done，主语为第三人称单数，助动词使用has。故填has become。 （五） How to be green We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waste every day, and it is 1 (harm) to our environment. Repeat these three words daily—reduce, reuse and recycle. Reduce means “use less”. Do not waste things. It saves money and 2 (cause) less pollution. Do not order more food than you can finish. Turn 3 the lights when you do not need them. Before you buy something new, think 4 it is really necessary because maybe the old one is just as good! Reuse means “use again”. Use things for 5 long as possible. Look after them so that they will last. Repair them if possible. Do not throw them away and buy new ones. Do not use paper cups or paper bags. It is better to use china cups and cloth bags because they can be 6 (use) many times. Recycle means “change things into something else to be reused”. Although it takes energy 7 (change) things into something else, it is better than throwing things away or burning them. We throw 8 (ton) of rubbish away each year, and we have to make a change. Divide your rubbish into plastic, glass, paper and rubber. 9 (development) a recycling policy for the whole community. Buy products such as recycled paper to help save trees. We cannot hope for 10 (rapidly) change, but let’s take these simple steps today so that we will save the world for our grandsons and granddaughters tomorrow. 【答案】 1．harmful 2．causes 3．off 4．whether/if 5．as 6．used 7．to change 8．tons 9．Develop 10．rapid 【导语】本文围绕“如何环保”展开，介绍了“reduce、reuse、recycle”这三个环保原则，呼吁大家从日常小事做起，为保护环境贡献力量。 1．句意：我们都需要一个健康的环境，但是我们每天都产生废物，这对我们的环境有害。“be harmful to”是固定搭配，意为“对……有害”。故填harmful。 2．句意：这能省钱和减少污染。主语“It”是第三人称单数，且句子时态为一般现在时，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故填causes。 3．句意：不需要灯光时把灯关掉。“turn off”是固定短语，意为“关闭（电器等）”。故填off。 4．句意：在你买新东西之前，想想是否真的有必要，因为也许旧的也一样好！分析句子可知，此处引导宾语从句，表达“是否”的含义。故填whether/if。 5．句意：尽可能长时间地使用物品。“as long as possible”是固定搭配，意为“尽可能长时间”。故填as。 6．句意：用瓷杯和布袋更好，因为它们可以被多次使用。分析句子可知，主语they和use之间是被动关系，被动语态的结构为“be+过去分词”，use的过去分词是used。故填used。 7．句意：虽然把物品变成其他东西需要能量，但这比扔掉或烧掉它们更好。“It takes sth. to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“做某事需要……”。故填to change。 8．句意：我们每年扔掉数吨垃圾，我们必须做出改变。“tons of”是固定短语，意为“数吨的；大量的”。故填tons。 9．句意：为整个社区制定回收政策。此处是祈使句，需用动词原形开头，development对应的动词形式是develop，句首首字母要大写。故填Develop。 10．句意：我们不能指望快速的改变，但今天就让我们采取这些简单的行动吧，这样我们就能为子孙后代守护好这个世界。此处修饰名词“change”，需用rapidly的形容词形式rapid。故填rapid。 （六） Night schools are nothing new today. Li Mei is 1 engineer in the day. But in the evening, she becomes a student at a night school in Chengdu. She is trying new 2 (hobby) with her 5-year-old son, such as cooking and singing. She used to spend evenings 3 (watch) her son play in the park. Now she can try new things with him at a night school. A growing number of Chinese people go to night schools. They can learn 4 (color) things, from art 5 sports, for free. Young people 6 want to look for new skills and friends go to night schools. In the 1980s, many people 7 (go) to night schools for further education. However, night schools were gone because more people got higher education. Some new night schools came to Shanghai last autumn. Then more night schools 8 (quick) appeared in other cities. For example, Miss Wang from Deyang thinks that night schools are good places for her 9 (make) friends. “I used to spend much of my time alone. I have felt more connected with modern society since I became a student of the night school,” she said. Young people wish to make themselves better so that 10 (they) daily lives can be meaningful. That has made night schools develop rapidly. 【答案】 1．an 2．hobbies 3．watching 4．colorful 5．to 6．who/that 7．went 8．quickly 9．to make 10．their 【导语】本文主要讲述了夜校在中国的发展情况，以及人们通过夜校学习新技能、结交朋友的现象。 1．句意：李梅在白天时是一名工程师。根据“Li Mei is...engineer in the day.”可知，此处指一名工程师，engineer以元音音素开头，空处应是不定冠词an。故填an。 2．句意：她正和5岁的儿子尝试新的爱好，比如烹饪和唱歌。根据“such as cooking and singing”可知，不止一项爱好，空处应是hobby的复数形式hobbies，故填hobbies。 3．句意：她过去常常在晚上看着儿子在公园里玩耍。spend time doing“花费时间做某事”，是固定搭配，空处应是watching。故填watching。 4．句意：他们可以免费学习丰富多彩的东西，从艺术到体育。空后是名词things，空处应是color的形容词形式colorful，作定语。故填colorful。 5．句意：他们可以免费学习丰富多彩的东西，从艺术到体育。from...to...“从……到……”，是固定搭配。故填to。 6．句意：想要寻找新技能和新朋友的年轻人去上夜校。分析句子“Young people...want to look for new skills and friends go to night schools.”可知，“...want to look for new skills and friends”是定语从句，先行词“Young people”指人，且从句中缺少主语，因此从句的引导词是who/that。故填who/that。 7．句意：在20世纪80年代，许多人去夜校进修。根据“In the 1980s”可知，句子用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，故填went。 8．句意：随后，更多夜校在其他城市迅速涌现。根据“Then more night schools...(quick) appeared in other cities.”可知，空处修饰动词appeared，应用quick的副词形式quickly。故填quickly。 9．句意：例如，来自德阳的王女士认为夜校是她结交朋友的好地方。根据“night schools are good places for her...(make) friends”可知，此处指夜校是她结交朋友的好地方，good places to do sth.“做某事的好地方”，是固定搭配，空处应是不定式，故填to make。 10．句意：年轻人希望让自己变得更好，这样他们的日常生活才能有意义。空后是名词“daily lives”，空处应是they的形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 （七） Jasmine (茉莉), with its sweet smell and white flowers, is loved worldwide. It 1 (come) to China a long time ago and became part of Chinese culture. In Chinese, “jasmine” sounds like “no profit (利润)”. It 2 (tell) people not to care too much about money. It’s also a symbol 3 purity (纯洁). A famous Chinese song “Jasmine Flower” shows its beauty. This song is so popular 4 it was even used in an Italian opera. It is often the first Chinese song that many 5 (foreigner) learn. Jasmine grows 6 (wide) in China, mainly in Hengzhou, Guangxi. This area produces 60% of the world’s jasmine, so it is 7 (call) the “Jasmine Capital of China”. Farmers there now use AI robots to help with 8 (they) work. The robots check if the plants are sick by examining the leaves. If there’s a problem, farmers can know it 9 solve it in time. AI tools study the weather and tell farmers the best time to water the plants. This makes sure the flowers stay 10 (health) and grow fast. Finally, jasmine flowers are picked gently by AI robots, sent to factories quickly by drones (无人机) and turned into jasmine tea. With smart technology, jasmine flowers bring people more profit. 【答案】 1．came 2．tells 3．of 4．that 5．foreigners 6．widely 7．called 8．their 9．and 10．healthy 【导语】本文主要介绍了茉莉花在中国的文化意义、经济价值以及现代科技在茉莉花种植中的应用。 1．句意：茉莉花很久以前传入中国，并成为中国文化的一部分。根据“a long time ago”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式came。故填came。 2．句意：它告诉人们不要过分在意金钱。此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是It，动词用第三人称单数。故填tells。 3．句意：它也是纯洁的象征。a symbol of“……的象征”，固定短语。故填of。 4．句意：这首歌如此受欢迎，以至于甚至被用于意大利歌剧。此处so ... that“如此……以至于”引导的结果状语从句。故填that。 5．句意：它通常是许多外国人学习的第一首中文歌曲。foreigner“外国人”，many后跟名词复数形式。故填foreigners。 6．句意：茉莉花在中国广泛种植，主要在广西横州。空处修饰动词grows，用副词形式widely“广泛地”。故填widely。 7．句意：该地区生产了全球60%的茉莉花，因此它被称为“中国茉莉之都”。主语“It”与动词“call”构成被动关系，因此用过去分词。故填called。 8．句意：那里的农民现在使用人工智能机器人来协助他们的工作。空处修饰名词work，用形容词性物主代词。故填their。 9．句意：如果有问题，农民可以及时知晓并加以解决。“know it”与“solve it”为并列动作，用“and”连接。故填and。 10．句意：这确保花朵保持健康并快速生长。stay healthy“保持健康”，用形容词作表语。故填healthy。 （八） How Technology Helps Emperor Penguins With the development of science and technology, we have learned a lot about animals. Emperor penguins can grow up to 1.2 meters tall, and they are the 1 (large) of all the penguin kinds. In 2022, they were listed as endangered animals because the Antarctic sea ice that they live 2 is becoming smaller and smaller. Now scientists are using high technology to follow them and learn more about how 3 (protect) them. One of the 4 (way) researchers are able to do this is by looking at pictures taken by satellites above the Earth. Large groups of emperor penguins can be seen from space. When scientists first started using satellites to look at the penguins, there were only 28 groups. So far, scientists 5 (discover) 66 groups. Even using satellites, it is so difficult to count how many penguins live in different groups. Scientists can improve population estimates (估计) by watching the area’s weather 6 (careful). Measuring the wind speed and temperature can help predict if the penguins gather closely together or spread apart across the ice. If scientists know 7 the weather was like when the pictures were taken, they can estimate how many penguins are pictured. Scientists can also watch penguins’ movements by giving 8 (they) special electronic tags. A scanner 9 (carry) by a robot, and it can read information on the tags. The robot also uses AI to recognize the penguins. It moves very slowly so that it doesn’t make the birds stressed. Daniel, one of the penguin researchers, hopes the technology 10 (lead) us to a “golden age of research”. Thanks to technology, we are seeing more things that no one has ever seen before. 【答案】 1． largest 2．on 3．to protect 4．ways 5．have discovered 6．carefully 7．what 8．them 9．is carried 10．will lead 【导语】本文讲述了科技如何帮助帝企鹅，包括利用卫星观测、天气监测和电子标签等技术在研究帝企鹅方面的应用。 1．句意：帝企鹅可以长到1.2米高，是所有企鹅种类中最大的。根据“of all the penguin kinds”可知是所有企鹅种类中最大的，此处应用形容词最高级形式，large的最高级是largest“最大的”。故填largest。 2．句意：2022年，它们被列为濒危动物，因为它们生活的南极海冰越来越小。根据“the Antarctic sea ice that they live”可知是指帝企鹅生活在南极海冰上，用介词on。故填on。 3．句意：现在科学家们正在利用高科技追踪它们，了解更多保护它们的方法。protect“保护”，此处是结构“疑问词+动词不定式”。故填to protect。 4．句意：研究人员能够做到这一点的方法之一是查看地球上方卫星拍摄的照片。one of后加可数名词复数ways“方法”。故填ways。 5．句意：到目前为止，科学家们已经发现了66个群体。根据“So far”可知句子用现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语是scientists，助动词用have，discover的过去分词是 discovered。故填have discovered。 6．句意：科学家们可以通过仔细观察该地区的天气来改进种群估计。修饰动词“watching”，需用副词形式，careful的副词是carefully“仔细地”。故填carefully。 7．句意：如果科学家知道拍摄这些照片时的天气情况，他们就能估计出照片中有多少只企鹅。句子是宾语从句，从句缺少介词like的宾语，此处应用what引导宾语从句。故填what。 8．句意：科学家们还可以通过给企鹅贴上特殊的电子标签来观察它们的活动。give sb. sth.“给某人某物”，作宾语用代词宾格them。故填them。 9．句意：一个扫描仪由机器人携带，它可以读取标签上的信息。主语“A scanner”与动词“carry” 之间是被动关系，且此处描述的是一般情况，用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“am/is/are + 过去分词”，主语是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is carried。 10．句意：企鹅研究人员之一丹尼尔希望这项技术能引领我们进入一个“研究的黄金时代”。此处表示将来的动作，应用一般将来时，结构为“will + 动词原形”。故填will lead。 （九） “I hope to organize my concert in the near future so that I can introduce Chinese folk music to more people.” Zheng Xiaohui, 1 young Chinese girl from Shandong, shared her wish after she played the erhu at an open-air concert in Milan, Italy. In fact, this was Zheng’s 2 (one) performance on the street in Milan. She played several classical pieces. One was Bella Ciao, a very popular song among Italians. Her wonderful performance 3 (praise) by many people. The audience (观众) were surprised and they never thought it could be played so well 4 the erhu. Since she played the erhu on the street in Milan, Zheng 5 (receive) many flowers from her fans. She has always been moved by them. “When I performed on the street, the audience gradually formed a large circle around me and danced 6 (happy) together,” Zheng said. “It made me believe that music has no boundaries (边界).” In order to spread the beauty of traditional Chinese music, she often uses traditional Chinese 7 (instrument) like the pipa and guzheng to play along with her music. Today she’s got lots of fans online. A comment online said, “The performance is beautiful, but do you know what’s even 8 (good)? It’s amazing how music brings people closer together.” In the future, Zheng wants to create more songs 9 can mix traditional Chinese music and local music styles. “If I have an opportunity (机会), I 10 (play) an important part in erhu education, like a ‘dandelion seed (蒲公英的种子)’ spreading traditional Chinese music to more and more places around the world,” she said. 【答案】 1．a 2．first 3．was praised 4．on 5．has received 6．happily 7．instruments 8．better 9．that/which 10．will play 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了来自山东的中国女孩郑晓慧在意大利米兰街头演奏二胡，受到观众喜爱，她希望未来能创作更多融合中国传统音乐和当地音乐风格的歌曲，并在二胡教育方面发挥作用，传播中国传统音乐。 1．句意：来自山东的中国年轻女孩郑晓慧在意大利米兰的一场露天音乐会上演奏二胡后分享了她的愿望。根据“young Chinese girl”可知，此处表示泛指一个年轻的中国女孩，young以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。 2．句意：事实上，这是郑在米兰街头的第一次表演。根据“this was Zheng’s...performance”可知，此处指第一次表演，用one的序数词first“第一”。故填first。 3．句意：她的精彩表演受到了许多人的赞扬。根据“Her wonderful performance...by many people.”可知，表演被赞扬，用被动语态，结合语境可知，时态是一般过去时，主语是单数，be动词用was，praise的过去分词是praised。故填was praised。 4．句意：观众们很惊讶，他们从未想过二胡能把这首曲子弹得这么好。根据 “it could be played so well...the erhu”可知，“用某种乐器”需用介词 on，为固定搭配。故填on。 5．句意：自从郑在米兰街头演奏二胡以来，她收到了许多粉丝送的花。根据“Since she played the erhu on the street in Milan”可知，时态是现在完成时，主语是第三人称单数，助动词用has，receive的过去分词是received。故填has received。 6．句意：当我在街上表演时，观众们逐渐在我周围围成一个大圈，一起快乐地跳舞。根据“danced...together”可知，此处修饰动词danced，用happy的副词happily“快乐地”。故填happily。 7．句意：为了传播中国传统音乐的美，她经常用琵琶、古筝等中国传统乐器来配合她的音乐演奏。根据“like the pipa and guzheng”可知，此处指多种乐器，用instrument的复数instruments。故填instruments。 8．句意：表演很优美，但你知道什么更棒吗？根据“even”可知，此处用good的比较级better“更好的”。故填better。 9．句意：未来，郑想创作更多融合中国传统音乐和当地音乐风格的歌曲。根据“create more songs...can mix traditional Chinese music and local music styles”可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是songs，指物，在从句中作主语，用that/which引导。故填that/which。 10．句意：如果我有机会，我将在二胡教育中发挥重要作用，就像一颗“蒲公英种子”，将中国传统音乐传播到世界上越来越多的地方。根据“If I have an opportunity (机会)”可知，此处是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，主句用一般将来时will do。故填will play。 （十） “Everyone says Yimeng Mountain is beautiful, the scenery on Yimeng Mountain is excellent ...” When this well-known melody (旋律) plays, the green mountains and clear water of Yimeng come alive in the music. For over 70 years, the story behind this local song has remained unknown widely. Let’s search for 1 (it) past and present together. Song Shoulian, the third-generation inheritor (第三代传唱人) of the tune, told reporters that the song 2 (create) in the 1940s, carrying the simple and hard-working spirit of Yimeng. “In 1940, Ruan Ruoshan and Li Lin 3 were from the First Anti-Japanese University were asked to create a song to praise Yimeng people. They collected materials by 4 (visit) local families and researching folk culture. Thanks 5 their long-term preparations, Ruan Ruoshan wrote the lyrics with Li Lin in a village house overnight. When Ruan Ruoshan sang the song for the first time, the crowd was 6 excited that many people volunteered to join the army,” said Song. Later, it spread across Shandong and other places. With the simple lyrics, beautiful melody, and 7 (live) performances, Yimeng Mountain Tune has become a symbol of Yimeng and a musical sign of Shandong. 8 (protect) this culture, the Yimeng Mountain Tune Living Museum was built at the tune’s birthplaceBaishiwu, Feixian in 2016. The museum shows the tune’s history completely. It 9 (hold) plenty of wonderful performances so far. “We organize many regular singing activities, especially for 10 (child), to pass the tune down generation after generation.” Song said. 【答案】 1．its 2．was created 3．who 4．visiting 5．to 6．so 7．lively 8．To protect 9．has held 10．children 【导语】本文主要介绍了《沂蒙山歌》这首歌曲的过去与现在。 1．句意：让我们一起探寻它的过去与现在吧。空处修饰past and present，应该用it的形容词性物主代词its，表示“它的”。故填its。 2．句意：这首歌创作于20世纪40年代，承载着沂蒙地区质朴而勤劳的精神内涵。根据“in the 1940s”可知，此处是一般过去时。分析句子可知，主语the song与谓语create之间是被动关系，故此处是一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。主语是第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was created。 3．句意：1940年，来自第一抗日大学的阮若珊和李琳被要求创作一首歌曲来歌颂沂蒙人民。分析句子可知，“Ruan Ruoshan and Li Lin”指人，空后的“were from the First Anti-Japanese University”是对其修饰限定。此处是定语从句，先行词是人，在定语从句中作主语，关系代词用who。故填who。 4．句意：他们通过走访当地家庭以及对民间文化的调研来收集资料。句中by是介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填visiting。 5．句意：由于他们做了长期的准备，阮若珊和李林在一间村舍里连夜完成了歌词的创作。thanks to“多亏了，由于”，固定短语。故填to。 6．句意：当阮若珊第一次演唱这首歌时，现场的观众异常激动，以至于很多人主动报名参军。根据“the crowd was…excited that”可知，此处是“so…that…”结构，表示“如此……以致于……”。故填so。 7．句意：凭借简洁的歌词、优美的旋律以及充满活力的表演，《沂蒙山歌》已成为沂蒙的象征，也是山东音乐的标志。空处修饰名词performances，应该用形容词lively“有活力的”，作定语。故填lively。 8．句意：为了保护这一文化，2016年，沂蒙山小调活态博物馆在其诞生地费县白石屋落成。分析句子可知，此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填To protect。 9．句意：到目前为止，它已经举办了众多精彩的演出。根据“so far”可知，此处是现在完成时，其结构是have/has done。主语是it，助动词用has。故填has held。 10．句意：我们定期组织许多歌唱活动，尤其是为孩子们举办，以便将这种旋律代代相传下去。根据“We organize many regular singing activities, especially for…”可知，此处表示“尤其是为孩子们举办许多歌唱活动”，child的复数children“孩子们”符合题意，复数形式表示泛指。故填children。 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $