专题04 动词时态&语态：句子的时空导演，编排动作的时间与主次（复习讲义）（湖南专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

本初中英语讲义聚焦中考动词时态&语态核心考点，覆盖一般现在时、过去时、将来时等六大时态及被动语态，通过考情剖析明确课标要求，思维导图构建知识网络，考点通关模块按“结构-用法-技巧”分层梳理，配合湖南中考真题训练，助力学生系统突破时态辨析、语态转换等难点，提升语言理解与表达能力。 特色在于“三步判断法”“主将从现”等策略创新，如现在完成时用“影响与状态”区分考点，结合“since/for标志词”训练思维品质；设“优题精选”分层练习，5分钟限时真题演练提升学习能力。教师可依托考点突破策略把控复习节奏，学生通过靶向训练高效掌握应考技巧，实现复习效果最大化。

专题04 动词时态&语态 目录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 4 03 考点通关·靶向突破 4 ★考点一 一般现在时 4 ★考点二 一般过去时 8 考点三 一般将来时 10 考点四 现在进行时 13 考点五 过去进行时 15 ★考点六 现在完成时 18 04 优题精选·练能提分 20 考点 课标要求 复习目标 一般现在时 ➢ 掌握其构成（动词原形/第三人称单数）及用法。 1. 熟记第三人称单数变化规则。 2. 掌握两大核心用法：表示经常性习惯和客观真理。 3. 能在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。 一般过去时 ➢ 掌握其构成（规则动词-ed/不规则动词）及用法。 1. 熟记规则动词过去式构成及高频不规则动词表。 2. 掌握核心用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态，常与明确过去时间连用。 3. 掌握“used to do”结构表示过去习惯。 一般将来时 ➢ 掌握其多种构成 （will do, be going to do等）及用法区别。 1. 掌握 will do（临时决定、预测）与 be going to do（有计划、有迹象）的用法区别。 2. 了解 be to do（计划、安排）和 be about to do（即将）等表达。 3. 掌握在时间/条件从句中用现在时表将来的规则。 现在进行时 ➢ 掌握其构成（am/is/are + doing）及用法。 1. 掌握核心用法：表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2. 掌握“位移动词”的现在进行时可表将来安排（如 come, go, leave）。 3. 了解部分动词（如 have, see, love）通常不用于进行时。 过去进行时 ➢ 掌握其构成（was/were + doing）及用法。 1. 掌握核心用法：表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在进行的动作。 2. 掌握与一般过去时在“when/while”引导的复合句中的配合使用。 现在完成时 ➢ 掌握其构成（have/has + done）及核心用法。 1. 理解并区分两大核心概念：过去动作对现在的影响/结果 和 从过去持续到现在的动作或状态。 2. 掌握与 since, for, already, yet, ever, never, just 等标志词的连用。 3. ⚠️ 重点辨析：与一般过去时的根本区别（是否与现在有关联）。 被动语态 ➢ 掌握其基本构成（be + done）及在各种时态中的形式。 1. 掌握核心结构：be + 及物动词的过去分词，并注意主谓一致。 2. 熟练转换主动句与被动句，能判断何时需用被动语态。 3. 掌握中考范围内各时态的被动形式，特别是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态。 命题预测 结合核心素养与中考新趋势： 1. 语境化与语篇化：纯语法题减少，更多在语法填空及书面表达中考查。要求考生根据上下文逻辑、时间线索和动作关系，选择或写出正确的时态和语态。 2. 综合化与高阶思维：一题可能同时考查时态、语态和非谓语的结合（如 having been done）。在写作中，能根据叙事需要灵活、准确地切换时态是获得高分的关键。 3. 聚焦核心用法：高频考点依然是：一般现在时（第三人称单数）、一般过去时（不规则动词）、现在完成时（与过去时辨析）、被动语态（基本结构与时态结合）。 解题锦囊 锦囊1：寻找标志词 首先扫描题干或上下文中的时间状语或语境暗示词，这是最直接的线索。  现在完成时：since, for, in the past/last few years, so far, already, yet, ever, never, just。 一般过去时：yesterday, last week, ago, in 2020, just now（刚才）。 将来时：tomorrow, next week, in the future, soon。 进行时：now, at the moment, look!, listen!。 锦囊2：分析语境逻辑 无明确时间状语时，深入分析语境： 1. 动作先后关系：在包含多个动作的句子或复合句中，根据动作发生的先后顺序判断时态。 2. 主从句时态呼应：注意宾语从句、时间/条件状语从句中的时态搭配规则。 3. “影响”与“状态”：若强调过去动作对现在造成的结果或影响，或表示从过去延续至今的状态，优先考虑现在完成时。 锦囊3：锁定固定句型 掌握必考时态句型，看到结构即可锁定答案： - It is/has been + 一段时间 + since...  This/It is the first time that... (have/has done)  be about to do... when... （正要…突然…） 锦囊4：语态判断两步法 1. 判关系：分析主语与谓语动词是主动还是被动关系。主语是动作的承受者，就用被动语态。 2. 定时态：在确定用被动语态后，再根据上下文时间线索，决定be动词的具体时态形式（如 is done, was done, will be done, has been done）。 核心注意事项：解答任何动词题，第一步永远是判断该动词在句中是否需要作谓语。若是谓语，则严格遵循以上步骤；若是非谓语，则按非谓语规则处理。 考点一 一般现在时 1. 基本句子结构 分类 构成/用法说明 例句/规则 肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + 其他 (表状态) I am a freshman. 主语(非三单) + 动词原形 + 其他 I go to school by car. 主语(第三人称单数) + 动词三单形式 + 其他 She gets up early every morning. ✅ 被动语态：主语 + am/is/are + 及物动词的过去分词 + (by...) English is spoken by many people. 动词三单变化规则 ① 一般情况，加 -s eat → eats; rise → rises ② 以-s, -x, -ch, -sh, -o, -z结尾，加 -es discuss → discusses; teach → teaches ③ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i加 -es carry → carries; fly → flies 否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + 其他 I am not a freshman. 主语(非三单) + don't + 动词原形 + 其他 I don't go to school by car. 主语(三单) + doesn't + 动词原形 + 其他 She doesn't get up early. ✅ 被动语态否定：主语 + am/is/are + not + 过去分词 The door is not locked. 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 其他？ Are you a freshman? Do + 主语(非三单) + 动词原形 + 其他？ Do you go to school by car? Does + 主语(三单) + 动词原形 + 其他？ Does she get up early? ✅被动语态疑问：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词 + (by...)? Is English used widely? 2. 常与一般现在时连用的标志词 频率副词always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never 时间短语every day/year, once a week, twice a year，on Mondays/weekends, in the morning/afternoon 3. 核心用法与考点 习惯与规律 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。 On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour to drive to work. 客观真理 表示客观事实、科学真理、格言警句等。 The earth travels around the sun. 计划与时刻表 表示按计划、时刻表、规定要发生的将来动作（常见于位移动词）。 My dream school starts at 8:30 am. 时间/条件状语从句 在if, when, as soon as等引导的从句中，用一般现在时表将来。 If you come this afternoon, we'll have a meeting. 倒装句 在 here, there 开头的倒装句中，表示正在发生或引起注意。 There goes the bell. 标题与说明 用于文章标题、图片说明、电影戏剧内容介绍等。 The film explores the daily lives of ordinary people. ✅ 用法7：被动语态 表示主语是动作的承受者，强调被动行为或客观事实。 Breakfast is served at 7 a.m. every day. Glass is made from sand. 4. 注意事项与易错点 ✅ 被动语态构成核心 1. 结构固定：be (am/is/are) + 及物动词的过去分词。 2. 主谓一致：be动词必须随新主语（即原句的宾语）的人称和数变化。 3. 及物动词：只有及物动词才有被动语态。 主动：People speak English here. 被动：English is spoken here. (√) 主动：An accident happened. (happen是不及物动词) 被动：(无法构成，×) ✅ 主动变被动步骤 1. 把原句的宾语变为主语。 2. 谓语动词改为 “be + 过去分词”，注意新主语的单复数。 3. 原句主语放在by后，如无需强调可省略。 主动：They clean the room every day. 被动：The room is cleaned (by them) every day. 【应试技巧】 核心技巧：遵循“三步判断法” 在做语法填空时，如果句子描述的是习惯、经常性动作、客观事实或真理，就需要考虑使用一般现在时。请按以下步骤判断： 第一步：寻找“标志词”，确认时态——首先，快速浏览句子或上下文，寻找一般现在时的典型标志词： 频率副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never 周期性时间短语：every day/week, once a week, on Mondays, in the morning 第二步：确定主语，判断动词形式（最关键的一步）——找到主语后，严格根据主语决定动词形式： 主语是I/You/We/They或复数名词 → 动词用原形。 主语是He/She/It或单数名词/不可数名词 → 动词必须变成第三人称单数形式。 第三步：分析语境，注意特殊用法——即使没有明显时间标志，也要根据语境判断： 客观真理/科学事实：直接使用一般现在时。 在if（如果）、when（当…时）、as soon as（一…就）等引导的条件或时间状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 1．（2025·湖南长沙卷）These are the literature classics (文学经典), and they ________ (be) of lasting value. 【答案】are 【解析】句意：这些便是文学经典之作，它们具有永恒的价值。本句时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，故填are。 2．（2024·湖南长沙卷）Peonies (牡丹) are like soft clouds in pink, red and white. They are beautiful and can brighten up someone's day. Red peonies 　 　 (give) to people to show love and care. 【答案】are given 【解析】句意：红色的牡丹是用来表示爱和关心的。分析句子可知，本句主语Red peonies和动词give之间是被动关系，本文的时态是一般现在时，本空要用一般现在时的被动语态be done，主语是复数，be动词要用are，故填are given。 3．（2023·湖南长沙卷）A recent study shows that letter writing 　 　 (make) the writer happy, too. "Handwriting is your DNA. It's your fingerprint that only you can share with others," said Richard Simpkin. 【答案】makes 【解析】句意：最近的一项研究表明，写信也会让写信人感到快乐。make使，动词。分析句子，可知时态是一般现在时，主语是letter writing，写信，谓语动词应用三单形式，故填makes。 考点二 一般过去式 1. 基本句子结构 分类 构成/用法说明 例句/规则 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 其他 (表状态) I was a student then. 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 (含规则与不规则变化) He worked here last year. 被动语态：主语 + was/were + 及物动词的过去分词 + (by...) The house was built in 1990. 动词过去式变化规则 ① 规则动词：一般情况加 -ed work → worked; play → played ② 以不发音的e结尾，加 -d live → lived; hope → hoped ③ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i加 -ed study → studied; ④ 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾为单辅音，双写该字母加 ed stop → stopped; ⚠️ 不规则动词：必须单独记忆（如 go→went, see→saw, do→did） 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 其他 I was not (wasn't) at home. 主语 + did not (didn't) + 动词原形 + 其他 He didn't work here. ✅ 被动语态否定：主语 + was/were + not + 过去分词 The door was not locked. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 其他？ Were you at home? Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ Did he work here? ✅ 被动语态疑问：Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词 + (by...)? Was the book returned? 2. 常与一般过去时连用的标志词 明确过去时间点：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last night/week/year, in 1990, at that time 时间段 + ago：two days ago, a moment ago, long ago 其他：just now (刚才), once upon a time, in the old days 3. 核心用法与考点 用法1：过去特定动作：表示在过去某个特定时间发生并已结束的动作。 He bought a car last month. 用法2：过去持续状态：表示在过去某段时间内持续的状态或习惯（常与时间段连用）。 I lived there for five years. 用法3：过去习惯动作：表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 He always carried an umbrella. 用法4：Used to结构：used to do：表示“过去常常做某事（现在不做了）”。 I used to get up early. 用法5：故事叙述：在叙述故事、经历或历史事件时，主要时态。 He opened the door, saw a stranger. ✅ 用法6：被动语态：表示过去发生的被动动作，主语是动作的承受者。 The letter was written by him. 【应试技巧】 1. 时间标志法（首选）：解题时，首先快速寻找句中的明确过去时间状语。若看到 yesterday, last week/year, ...ago, in 2000, just now (刚才) 等标志词，基本可以确定使用一般过去时。 2. 语境判断法：在无明确时间词时，通过上下文判断动作是否发生在过去且已结束。叙事性文章、个人经历回忆通常以一般过去时为基本时态。 3. “主过从过”原则：当主句谓语是过去时（如 said, told, thought），其后的宾语从句的时态通常需用相应的过去时态（如过去将来、过去进行、过去完成）。 4. 主动变被动两步法： 判结构：确定原句为一般过去时，且需用被动语态（主语是动作承受者）。 改动词：将谓语动词改为 “was/were + 过去分词”，注意新主语单复数决定用 was 或 were。 1．（2025·湖南省卷）Many waterways ________ (provide) water for crop fields and the people living inside and outside of the city. 【答案】provided 【解析】句意：许多水道为农田和城市内外的人们提供水源。根据“Many waterways”和“water for crop fields”可知，此处描述过去的事实，动词用一般过去时provided。故填provided。 2．（2025·湖南长沙卷）China has its (it) own long history of classical literature that dates back to the “Four Books and Five Classics”. These books _______ (write) before the Qin Dynasty. 【答案】were written 【解析】句意：这些书籍是在秦朝之前写成的。本句主语是动作的承受者，时态是过去时，主语是复数，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were written。 3．（2024·湖南省卷）I loved it so much and I 　 　（go）to college to learn more. 【答案】went 【解析】句意：我非常喜欢它并且我会去上大学来学习更多东西。go，去，动词。根据原文" I loved it so much and I …"可知这是并列句，and前面句子使用一般过去时，后面的句子也用一般过去时，动词用过去式。go 的过去式是went。故填went。 考点三 一般将来时 1. 基本句子结构 分类 构成/用法说明 例句/规则 肯定句 will/shall型：主语 + will/shall + 动词原形 + 其他 I will call you tomorrow. (shall多用于第一人称疑问句) be going to型：主语 + am/is/are + going to + 动词原形 + 其他 Look at the clouds! It is going to rain. 现在进行时表将来：主语 + am/is/are + 现在分词 + 其他 (用于位移动词) The train is leaving in ten minutes. 一般现在时表将来：主语 + 动词原形/三单 + 其他 (用于时刻表) The plane takes off at 9:00 PM. ✅ 被动语态 (will型)：主语 + will be + 及物动词的过去分词 + (by...) The meeting will be held next Monday. ✅ 被动语态 (be going to型)：主语 + am/is/are + going to be + 过去分词 + (by...) A new park is going to be built here. 否定句 will/shall型：主语 + will/shall + not + 动词原形 + 其他 She will not (won‘t) attend the party. be going to型：主语 + am/is/are + not + going to + 动词原形 + 其他 I am not going to tell him. ✅ 被动语态否定：在will be或going to be后加not The work won’t be finished today. 一般疑问句 Will/Shall + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ Will you join us? Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他？ Are you going to travel this summer? ✅ 被动语态疑问：Will + 主语 + be + 过去分词？ / Is + 主语 + going to be + 过去分词？ Will the letter be sent out today? 2. 常与一般将来时连用的标志词 未来时间状语：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week/month/year, in the future, soon, in two days 其他短语：some day, one day, before long, from now on 3. 核心用法与考点 用法1：will/shall 的用法 ① 表示单纯的未来预测（无计划）。 ② 表示说话时临时做出的决定。 ③ 表示意愿、承诺或建议。 People will live on the moon one day. The phone is ringing. I ‘ll get it. I will help you with your homework. 用法2：be going to 的用法 ① 表示基于当前迹象的预测。 ② 表示事先经过考虑的意图或计划。 It‘s so dark. It is going to rain. He is going to study abroad next year. 用法3：现在进行时表将来 表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常与位移动词连用。 I am meeting my boss at 3:00. 用法4：一般现在时表将来 表示按时刻表、日程规定要发生的动作。 The film begins at 7:30 tonight. ⚠️ 用法5：“主将从现”原则 在时间状语从句 (when, as soon as, until…) 和条件状语从句 (if, unless…) 中，用一般现在时表示将来动作。 If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. ✅ 用法6：被动语态 表示将来某个时间会发生的被动动作。 The project will be completed by December. 【应试技巧】 1. 语境判断法（选择will还是be going to）： 看到“当前迹象”（如乌云、时钟指向）或已知的“个人计划”，优先考虑 be going to。 表示“临时决定”、“主动意愿”或“客观未来预测”，优先考虑 will。 在问对方意愿或提出建议时（如 Will you...?），只能用 will。 2. 句型锁定法： 看到 if, unless, when, as soon as, until, before, after 等引导的条件或时间状语从句，立即启动 “主将从现” 检查：主句用将来时，从句谓语必须用一般现在时。这是绝对高频考点。 看到列车时刻表、课程表、节目单等上下文，考虑用一般现在时表将来。 3. 结构完整性检查： 对于 be going to，务必检查 be动词 (am/is/are) 和 going to 两部分是否齐全，后面接动词原形。 对于 will，后面必须接动词原形。 1．（2023·湖南永州卷）—What’s your prediction about the future? —I think there ________ (be) less pollution. 【答案】will be 【解析】句意：——你对未来的预测是什么？——我认为污染会减少。根据“What’s your prediction about the future?”可知，时态是一般将来时，故填will be。 2．（24-25·江西赣州·期末改编） —Your father has gone to Shenzhen on business, hasn’t he? —Yes. And he ________ （return）next month. 【答案】will return 【解析】句意:你爸爸去深圳出差了，是吗?是的。他下个月将会回来。考查动词时态。根据答句中"nextmonth"可知，爸爸回来的动作还未发生，所以应该用一般将来时will return。故选A。 3．（25-26·江苏无锡·期中改编）I believe this experience ________ (make) me more organized. 【答案】will make 【解析】句意:我相信这次经历会让我更有条理。make"使"，动词。本句描述未来的影响，应用一般将来时，结构为"wil+动词原形"。故填will make。 考点四 现在进行时 1. 基本句子结构 分类 构成/用法说明 例句/规则 肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + 现在分词 + 其他 They are reading in the library now. ✅ 被动语态：主语 + am/is/are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 + (by...) A new road is being built outside. 现在分词变化规则 ① 一般情况，直接加 -ing work → working; play → playing ② 以不发音的e结尾，去e加 -ing make → making; write → writing ③ 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾为单辅音，双写该字母加 -ing run → running; swim → swimming ④ 以ie结尾，变ie为y加 -ing lie → lying; die → dying 否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + 现在分词 + 其他 He is not (isn‘t) sleeping. ✅ 被动语态否定：在is/are 和 being 之间加 not The machine is not being used now. 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 现在分词 + 其他？ Are you listening to me? ✅ 被动语态疑问：将be动词 (am/is/are) 提前 Is the report being written? 2. 常与现在进行时连用的标志词 具体时刻：now, right now, at the moment, at this moment 提示性词语：Look! Listen! Be quiet! Hurry up! 当前阶段：this week/month/year, these days, currently 3. 核心用法与考点 用法1：此刻正在进行的动作表示说话时或现阶段正在发生的动作。 Listen! The bird is singing. 用法2：当前阶段在进行的动作表示当前一段时间内持续进行但说话时不一定正在做的动作。 He is writing a novel these days. ⚠️ 用法3：表将来（计划与安排）表示按计划或安排近期即将发生的动作，常与位移动词连用。 We are leaving for London tomorrow. ⚠️ 用法4：表达情感（与always等连用）与 always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表达赞叹、厌烦、不满等强烈感情色彩。 He is always helping others. (赞赏) She is constantly complaining. (不满) ⚠️ 用法5：状态动词一般不用进行时感官、情感、所属、思维类动词通常不用进行时。 I know him. (√) I am knowing him. (×) ✅ 用法6：被动语态表示此刻或现阶段正在被进行的动作。 Your computer is being repaired. 【应试技巧】 1. 标志词触发法：看到 now, at the moment, look, listen 等典型标志，立即考虑现在进行时。 2. 语境判断法：描述具体场景（如“电话响了”、“看窗外”），且动作有明显“正在进行”的动态感，用现在进行时。 3. 计划将来判断法：当句中有 tomorrow, next week 等将来时间，但动词是 come, go, leave, start 等表示“来去、起止”的位移动词时，很可能用现在进行时表将来安排。 4. 情感色彩判断法：当句中有 always, constantly 等词，且表达的是主观情绪而非客观频率时，用现在进行时。 5. 被动语态判断：当主语是动作承受者，且强调动作“此时此刻正在被进行”，使用“am/is/are + being + 过去分词”结构。 1．（2023·湖南永州卷）—Look! What are the boys doing? —They ________ (play) basketball. 【答案】are playing 【详解】句意：——看！男孩们在做什么？——他们在打篮球。根据“Look! What are the boys doing?”可知，强调动作正在发生，用现在进行时，主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are playing。 2．（25-26江苏无锡·期中） —Hello, may I speak to Sophia? —Wait a minute. She ________ (discuss) the fashion show with Sarah in the next room. 【答案】is discussing 【解析】句意:你好，我能和索菲亚通话吗?等一下。她正在隔壁房间和萨拉讨论时装秀。discuss"讨论"，根据"Waitaminute."可知动作正在进行，需用现在进行时，主语She为第三人称单数,be动词用is，discuss的现在分词形式为discussing。故填is discussing. 3．（25-26·北京东城·期中改编）—Could you please help me with my math? —How about 20 minutes later? I _________ on my science project right now. 【答案】am working 【解析】句意: 句意:你能帮我学数学吗?20分钟后怎么样?我现在正在做我的科学项目。 考查动词时态。根据答句中"ight now(现在)"可知，此处描述的是当下正在进行的动作，所以应该用现在进行时，其结构是"be动词+动词的现在分词"，主语是""，be动词用"am","work"的现在分词是"working"，所以此处应该用"am working"。 考点五 过去进行时 1. 基本句子结构 分类 构成/用法说明 例句/规则 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 现在分词 + 其他 I was watching TV at 8 last night. ✅ 被动语态：主语 + was/were + being + 及物动词的过去分词 + (by...) The car was being repaired at that time. 现在分词变化规则 规则与现在进行时完全相同，需特别注意以下易错点： ① 一般情况，直接加 -ing work → working; play → playing ② 以不发音的e结尾，去e加 -ing make → making; write → writing ③ 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾为单辅音，双写该字母加 -ing sit → sitting; run → running; swim → swimming ④ 以ie结尾，变ie为y加 -ing lie → lying; die → dying 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 现在分词 + 其他 They were not (weren’t) sleeping then. ✅ 被动语态否定：在was/were 和 being 之间加 not The letter was not being written when I arrived. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 现在分词 + 其他？ Were you doing your homework at 7? ✅ 被动语态疑问：将be动词 (was/were) 提前 Was the project being discussed yesterday? 2. 常与过去进行时连用的标志词 过去具体时刻at this time yesterday, at 10 o‘clock last night, then “当…时”when, while, as (常引导一个时间点或时间段) 过去时段all morning yesterday, the whole day, from 7 to 9 last evening 3. 核心用法与考点 用法1：过去某时刻正在进行的动作表示在过去某一具体时间点或时刻正在发生的动作。 I was taking a shower when you called. 用法2：过去某阶段持续进行的动作表示在过去某一时间段内持续进行的动作。 He was painting all afternoon yesterday. ⚠️ 用法3：复合句中的背景描述在过去的时间背景下，用过去进行时描述较长或正在进行的动作作为背景，用一般过去时描述打断或插入的短暂动作。 While I was walking in the park, I met an old friend. ⚠️ 用法4：表达情感（与always等连用）与 always, constantly 等词连用，表达对过去某种重复性行为的赞叹、抱怨等情感。 She was always forgetting her keys. (抱怨) ⚠️ 用法5：表示过去将来的计划在间接引语或叙述中，表示从过去角度看，按计划将要发生的动作（多与位移动词连用）。 He said he was leaving for Shanghai the next day. ✅ 用法6：被动语态表示过去某个时刻或阶段正在被进行的动作。 The bridge was being built last winter. 【应试技巧】 1. 时间标志法：看到 at this time yesterday、at 9 last night、from...to... yesterday 等明确表示“过去某一具体时刻或时段”的标志词，优先考虑过去进行时。 2. 复合句判断法（关键技巧）：当句子由 when 或 while 连接时，仔细分析动作关系： “长动作”做背景，用过去进行时：when/while 后若跟一个持续性动作（如 reading, walking），该从句常用过去进行时。 “短动作”打断，用一般过去时：主句或从句中表示短暂发生、打断背景的动作，用一般过去时。 口诀：“长动进行，短动过去”。 3. 计划与情感判断：在间接引语中表示过去的将来计划，或与 always 连用表达过去习惯性情感时，考虑过去进行时。 4. 被动语态判断：当强调过去某个时间点“动作正在被进行”的被动状态时，使用“was/were + being + 过去分词”。 1．（25-26·江西景德镇·期中改编）— Is there anything wrong, Bob? You looked worried. — Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ________ （think）of my coming exams. 【答案】was thinking 【解析】句意：鲍勃，有什么问题吗?你看起来很担心。哦，没什么。事实上，我刚刚在考虑即将到来的考试。考查时态。am thinking现在进行时;was thinking过去进行时;thought过去式或过去分词;have thought现在完成时。根据 "Isthere anything wrong, Bob?You looked worried."以及选项可知,此处应用过去进行时，表示对话发生之前刚刚还在进行的动作。 2．（25-26·天津河西·期中改编） My parents ________ （cook）dinner when I got home yesterday. 【答案】were cooking 【解析】句意： 句意:昨天当我到家时，我的父母正在做晚饭。考查过去进行时。根据"whenlgot home yesterday"可知，when引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时，主句表示在过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，结构为"was/weredoingsth."。 3．（25-26·北京顺义·期中改编） John ________ （have）dinner at the Young Restaurant at 5 o’clock last Friday. 【答案】was having 【解析】句意:约翰上周五5点在Young Restaurant吃晚餐。考查动词时态。句子中有"last Friday"和"at 5 o'clock"，表示过去的具体时间点，强调动作在当时正在进行，因此使用过去进行时。 考点六 现在完成时 1. 基本句子结构 分类 构成/用法说明 例句/规则 肯定句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他 I have finished my homework. ✅ 被动语态：主语 + have/has + been + 及物动词的过去分词 + (by...) The window has been broken. 过去分词变化规则 规则动词：与过去式相同，在动词后加 -ed。 work → worked → worked 不规则动词：需单独记忆（三态不同或不完全相同）。 go → went → gone see → saw → seen do → did → done 否定句 主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 + 其他 He has not (hasn’t) arrived yet. ✅ 被动语态否定：在have/has 和 been 之间加 not The letters have not been sent. 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ Have you ever been to Beijing? ✅ 被动语态疑问：将 have/has 提前 Has the report been written? 2. 常与现在完成时连用的标志词 不确定的过去时间：already, yet, just, ever, never, before 表示“从过去持续到现在”：since + 过去时间点，for + 时间段 since 2020, for two years 包括现在在内的时间段：in the past/last few years, so far, up to now, recently 3. 核心用法与考点 ⚠️ 用法1：已完成用法（影响）表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调现在的情况。常与 already, just, yet 连用。 I have lost my key. (结果是现在没钥匙。) ⚠️ 用法2：未完成用法（持续）表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，并可能继续下去。常与 since, for 引导的时间状语连用。 He has lived here for ten years. ⚠️ 用法3：经历用法表示过去到现在为止有过的经历。常与 ever, never, once, before 连用。 Have you ever ridden a horse? ⚠️ 用法4：在时间/条件从句中替代将来完成时在 when, after, as soon as, if 等引导的从句中，用现在完成时代替将来完成时，表示将来某一时间前完成的动作。 I‘ll call you when I have finished the work. ✅ 用法5：被动语态表示过去发生且与现在有关的被动动作，或持续到现在的被动状态。 All the tickets have been sold out. 【应试技巧】 1. 时间标志词优先法：看到 since, for, already, yet, ever, never, just, so far, in the past years 等词，优先强烈考虑现在完成时。这是最直接的信号。 2. 逻辑结果判断法：如果句子强调的是过去某个动作导致的现在的结果或状态（如“丢了钥匙所以进不去门”），而不是单纯描述过去事件本身，用现在完成时。 3. 持续时间计算法：如果句子包含“从…开始”或“长达…时间”，且这个时间段延续到了现在，用现在完成时（持续性动词）。关键看句子的起点和终点是否明确。 4. “主将从现”升级版：在时间或条件状语从句中，若强调从句动作在主句动作之前完成，则从句用现在完成时代替将来完成时。 1．（2023·湖南永州卷）“Oh, my god! The beautiful moon ___ ____ (drop) into the well!” He quickly put his bucket (水桶) into the well to fish for the moon. 【答案】has dropped 【解析】美丽的月亮掉到井里了！drop“掉”，动词。分析句子可知，月亮已经掉到井里了，所以他会发现月亮在井里，过去的动作对现在产生了影响，应为现在完成时，主语moon是第三人称单数，故用助动词has。故填has dropped。 2．（2023·湖南衡阳卷改编）So far, Tech- Help (donated) more (many) than 2,000 smart TV sets to different families across the country. 【答案】has donated 【解析】句意：到目前为止， Tech- Help 已捐赠2000多台智能电视机给全国各地的不同家庭。根据提示词So far，可知的谓语动词要填现在完成时，故填has donated 。 3．（25-26·重庆渝中·期中） They ________ (spread) the good news all over the school since they heard about it. 【答案】have spread 【解析】句意:自从他们听说这个消息后，已经把这个好消息传遍了整个学校。根据"since they heard about it"可知动作从过去持续到现在，强调对现在的影响(消息已传开)，需用现在完成时(have/has +过去分词)。主语"They"为复数，故用"have"，spread的过去分词为spread。故填have spread。 一、写出下列动词的过去时；过去分词以及现在分词形式 动词原形 现在分词 过去式 过去分词 arise arising arose arisen awake awaking awoke/awaked awoken/awaked bear bearing bore born/borne beat beating beat beaten become becoming became become bend bending bent bent bet betting bet bet bid bidding bid/bade bid/bidden bite biting bit bitten blow blowing blew blown burn burning burnt/burned burnt/burned burst bursting burst burst cost costing cost cost creep creeping crept crept cut cutting cut cut deal dealing dealt dealt dig digging dug dug dream dreaming dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed feed feeding fed fed fight fighting fought fought forbid forbidding forbade forbidden forgive forgiving forgave forgiven freeze freezing froze frozen hang hanging hung/hanged hung/hanged hide hiding hid hidden 二、语法填空 （一） Qin Yuqing is a member of the national freestyle roller skating (自由式滑冰) team. Last year, she 1 (win) the Adult Women’s Freestyle Roller Skating Style Round in the National Freestyle Roller Skating Championship. Qin began her roller skating journey 2 the age of 6. And she 3 (support) by her parents greatly. They helped her sign up for the sport and she started to practice every day. Her parents think training too much might affect (影响) her schoolwork, 4 she had to train mostly at night. Also, she faced many 5 (challenge), including a serious fall which left her with a scar (伤疤). But she saw it as 6 symbol of personal growth. What’s more, she once fell down 7 (bad) in a competition,and felt embarrassed (尴尬的), but quickly that feeling went away and she stood up by 8 (her) again. Qin wanted to show wonderful Chinese 9 (tradition) culture to more people. Her clothes for competitions are well designed, too. “I hope 10 (be) an ambassador (大使) of Chinese culture.” she said. 【答案】 1．won 2．at 3．was supported 4．so 5．challenges 6．a 7．badly 8．herself 9．traditional 10．to be 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲了全国自由式轮滑队成员秦雨晴6岁开启轮滑之旅，在父母支持、克服诸多挑战后，希望通过轮滑向更多人展示中国传统文化，成为中国文化大使。 1．句意：去年，她在全国自由式轮滑锦标赛中获得了成年女子自由式轮滑风格赛冠军。根据“Last year”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词需用过去式。“win”的过去式为“won”。故填won。 2．句意：秦在6岁时开始了她的轮滑之旅。at the age of...“在……岁时”，固定搭配。故填at。 3．句意：并且她得到了父母极大的支持。根据“by her parents”可知，句子为被动语态，结构为“be+过去分词”。主语“she”为第三人称单数，此处用一般过去时，“support”的过去分词为“supported”，对应的be动词为“was”。故填was supported。 4．句意：她的父母认为训练太多可能会影响她的学业，所以她大多只能在晚上训练。根据“Her parents think training too much might affect her schoolwork”可知，父母担心训练影响学业是原因，“她大多在晚上训练”是结果。“so”表示因果关系，意为“所以”，符合语境。故填so。 5．句意：此外，她还面临许多挑战，包括一次严重的摔倒，给她留下了伤疤。many后需接可数名词复数形式，“challenge”为可数名词，复数形式为“challenges”。故填challenges。 6．句意：但她把它看作是个人成长的象征。根据“symbol of personal growth”可知，此处泛指“一种象征”，空后“symbol”是以辅音音素开头，空处应用不定冠词“a”。故填a。 7．句意：更重要的是，她曾在一次比赛中摔得很重，感到很尴尬，但那种感觉很快就消失了，她又自己站了起来。此处需用副词修饰fell down；“bad”的副词形式为“badly”，表示“严重地”，符合语境。故填badly。 8．句意：更重要的是，她曾在一次比赛中摔得很重，感到很尴尬，但那种感觉很快就消失了，她又自己站了起来。根据“stood up by...”可知，此处需表达“独自站起来”的含义。主语为“she”，对应的反身代词为“herself”，符合语境。故填herself。 9．句意：秦想向更多人展示精彩的中国传统文化。此处需用形容词修饰名词“culture”，“tradition”的形容词形式为“traditional”，意为“传统的”。故填traditional。 10．句意：我希望成为中国文化的大使。hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，动词短语。故填to be。 （二） For this month’s Young World magazine I interviewed 19-year-old Asian pop star Candy Wang. Candy told me that she used to be 1 (real) shy and took up singing to deal with her shyness. As she got better, she dared to sing in front of her class and then for the whole school. Now she’s not shy anymore and loves 2 (sing) in front of crowds. I asked Candy how life was different after she became famous. She explained that there are many good things, like being able to travel and 3 (meet) new people all the time. “I didn’t use to be popular in school but now I get 4 (ton) of attention everywhere I go. ” However, too much attention can also be 5 bad thing. “I always have to worry 6 how I appear to others, and I have to be very careful about what I say or do. And I don’t have 7 (many) private time anymore. Hanging out with friends is almost 8 (possible) now because there are always guards around me.” What does Candy have to say to all those young people 9 want to become famous? “Well,” she begins slowly, “you have to be prepared to give up your normal life. You can never imagine how difficult the road to success is. Many times I thought about giving up 10 I fought on. You really require a lot of talent and hard work to succeed. Only a very small number of people make it to the top. 【答案】 1．really 2．singing 3．meet 4．tons 5．a 6．about 7．much 8．impossible 9．who 10．but 【导语】本文是一篇采访稿，主要讲述了亚洲流行歌星Candy Wang的成长经历以及成名后的生活变化，同时她对那些想要成名的年轻人给出了建议。 1．句意：Candy告诉我她过去非常害羞，于是开始唱歌来克服她的害羞。分析句子结构可知，此处用副词修饰形容词“shy”，“real”的副词形式为“really”，意为“非常”。故填really。 2．句意：现在她不再害羞，喜欢在人群面前唱歌。根据“loves”可知，此处考查“love doing sth.”，意为“喜欢做某事”，因此用“sing”的动名词形式“singing”。故填singing。 3．句意：她解释说有很多好处，比如能够旅行和一直认识新朋友。由“being able to”可知，be able to是固定搭配，后接动词原形。当and连接两个并列的be able to do结构时，第二个to可以省略，因此本句中travel和meet是并列的动词原形，共同跟在be able to之后。故填meet。 4．句意：“我过去在学校不受欢迎，但现在我无论走到哪里都受到很多关注。”根据“of”和提示词可知，此处考查“tons of”，意为“许多，大量”，修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数。故填tons。 5．句意：然而，过多的关注也可能是一件坏事。根据“bad thing”可知，此处表示泛指一件坏事，“bad”以辅音音素开头，因此用不定冠词“a”修饰。故填a。 6．句意：“我总是不得不担心自己在别人眼中的形象，而且我必须非常小心自己的言行。”根据“worry”可知，此处考查“worry about”，意为“担心”。故填about。 7．句意：而且我没有更多的私人时间了。根据“private time”可知，此处“time”为不可数名词，因此“much”修饰，表示“更多的”。故填much。 8．句意：和朋友出去玩现在几乎不可能了，因为我身边总是有保镖。根据“because there are always guards around me”可知，此处表示和朋友出去玩几乎不可能，“possible”的反义词为“impossible”，意为“不可能的”。故填impossible。 9．句意：Candy对所有那些想要成名的年轻人有什么要说的？分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词“those young people”指人，且在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词“who”引导。故填who。 10．句意：很多次我都想放弃，但我还是坚持了下来。根据“Many times I thought about giving up”和“I fought on”可知，前后句为转折关系，因此用“but”连接。故填but。 （三） For travelers, China in 1987 was a kind of place that could not be missed. In 1987, China was still using steam trains. Most people 1 (probable) didn’t think China could enter the age of the high-speed train in such a short time. It was 2 (nature) for people from many countries to feel surprised. Bruce Connolly, 3 photographer (摄影师) from Scotland, was one of them. He came to China in 1987. 4 then, he has traveled to many areas of China. He also has valued every important moment in his eyes by 5 (take) photos. During his travel in China, Connolly found China was different from what he saw in photos. In the early years of his journeys, most Chinese people used to feel strange 6 (see) foreigners, and avoided talking with them. But now, there are lots of foreigners living or traveling in 7 (this) big cities. They are 8 longer strange to Chinese.   Another great change for Connolly is the wide use of new technologies. High-technology products 9 (use) everywhere. People almost do everything with their smartphones. China has never given up and has become one of the 10 (strong) countries in the world. Chinese people have used their wisdom to tell the world that they are going to have a bright future. 【答案】 1．probably 2．natural 3．a 4．Since 5．taking 6．to see 7．these 8．no 9．are used 10．strongest 【导语】本文主要介绍了苏格兰摄影师布鲁斯·康诺利自1987年以来，游览了中国的大部分地区，见证了中国翻天覆地的变化，以及他的感受。 1．句意：大多数人可能没有想到中国能在这么短的时间内进入高铁时代。根据“didn’t think China could enter the age of the high-speed train in such a short time.”可知，此处是说可能没想到，probable“可能的”，形容词，此处应用副词probably修饰动词，故填probably。 2．句意：许多国家的人感到惊讶是很自然的。根据“for people from many countries to feel surprised.”可知，此处是说感到惊讶是很自然的，nature“自然”，名词，此处应用形容词natural作表语，故填natural。 3．句意：来自苏格兰的摄影师布鲁斯·康诺利就是其中之一。根据“photographer (摄影师) from Scotland”可知，此处是介绍摄影师布鲁斯·康诺利，photographer是名词，前面应用不定冠词修饰，photographer以辅音音素开头，应用a，故填a。 4．句意：从那时起，他到过中国的许多地区旅行。根据“he has traveled to many areas of China.”可知，此处是说从那时起，since then“从那时起”，固定短语，句首首字母大写，故填Since。 5．句意：他还通过拍照珍惜眼中的每一个重要时刻。根据“has valued every important moment in his eyes by...”可知，此处是说通过拍照珍惜重要时刻，by是介词，后接动名词作宾语，故填taking。 6．句意：在他旅行的早期，大多数中国人看到外国人时常常感到奇怪，避免与他们交谈。根据“most Chinese people used to feel strange...foreigners”可知，此处是说看到外国人感到奇怪，see“看见”，动词，feel strange to do sth.“做某事感到奇怪”，故填to see。 7．句意：但是现在，有很多外国人生活或旅行在这些大城市里。根据“lots of foreigners living or traveling in...big cities.”可知，此处是说这些大城市，this“这个”，指示代词，根据“cities”可知，此处应用these“这些”，故填these。 8．句意：他们对中国人来说不再是陌生的了。根据“longer strange to Chinese.”可知，此处是说不再陌生，no longer“不再”，固定短语，故填no。 9．句意：高科技产品到处都在使用。根据“High-technology products...everywhere.”可知，此处是说高科技产品被使用，use“使用”，动词，主语“High-technology products”与动词use之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语是复数，be动词用are，故填are used。 10．句意：中国从未放弃，已成为世界上最强大的国家之一。根据“one of the...countries in the world.”可知，此处是说最强大的国家之一，strong“强大的”，形容词，one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数，表示“最……之一”，这里要填形容词最高级。故填strongest。 （四）    Welcome to the “Telling Chinese stories in English” column. Today, let’s share the Double Ninth Festival with you. The Double Ninth Festival, also named the Chongyang Festival, 1 (fall) on the ninth day of the ninth month of the Chinese lunar calendar. On this day, people would like 2 (drink) chrysanthemum (菊花) wine. The Chinese word for wine is Jiu, a similar 3 (pronounce) to the Chinese word for “long”, which means “forever”. Another special food for this festival is chrysanthemum cakes. 4 Chinese word for cake is Gao, a similar one to the Chinese word “high”, showing great progress. It is hard to say when these customs began. 5 there are many stories about the festival. As was recorded in a historical book, there lived a man named Huan Jing. He was learning the magic arts from Fei Changfang. One day, the two were climbing a mountain. Fei Changfang suddenly 6 (stop) and looked upset. He told Huan Jing, “On the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, a disaster(灾难) will come to your hometown. Remember to make a red bag 7 each of your family members. Then you must tie your bags to your arms, and leave for the top of a mountain. Most 8 (important), you must drink some chrysanthemum wine. Only by doing so can you be safe.” On hearing this, Huan Jing rushed home and asked his villagers to follow as his teacher said. When they got back home, they found all their animals dead, including dogs, sheep and 9 (chicken). Since then, climbing a mountain and drinking chrysanthemum wine became the 10 (tradition) activities of the Double Ninth Festival. 【答案】 1．falls 2．to drink 3．pronunciation 4．The 5．But 6．stopped 7．for 8．importantly 9．chickens 10．traditional 【导语】本文主要介绍了重阳节的相关信息，包括其时间、习俗以及与之相关的故事等。 1．句意：重阳节，又称重九节，在中国农历九月初九。根据“The Double Ninth Festival, also named the Chongyang Festival...(fall) on the ninth day of the ninth month of the Chinese lunar calendar.”可知，句子描述的是客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语“The Double Ninth Festival”是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词fall要用第三人称单数形式falls。故填falls。 2．句意：在这一天，人们喜欢喝菊花酒。would like to do sth.表示“想要做某事”，所以此处应填动词不定式to drink。故填to drink。 3．句意：中文里酒的发音是“jiu”，与中文里“long (长)”的发音相似，意思是“永远”。根据“a similar...to the Chinese word for ‘long’”可知，此处应填名词，pronounce的名词形式是pronunciation，表示“发音”。故填pronunciation。 4．句意：中文里蛋糕的发音是“gao”，与中文里“high (高)”的发音相似，表示有很大的进步。根据“...Chinese word for cake is Gao”可知，此处特指中文里“蛋糕”这个词，应用定冠词The，且位于句首，首字母要大写。故填The。 5．句意：但是有很多关于这个节日的故事。根据“It is hard to say when these customs began.”和“there are many stories about the festival.”可知，前后句是转折关系，所以此处应填转折连词But，表示“但是”。故填But。 6．句意：费长房突然停了下来，看起来很沮丧。根据“and looked upset”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，and连接两个并列的谓语动词，所以此处stop也要用过去式stopped，表示“停下来”。故填stopped。 7．句意：记住给你的每个家人做一个红色的袋子。根据“make a red bag...each of your family members”可知，此处考查make sth. for sb.，表示“为某人制作某物”，所以此处应填介词for，表示“为了”。故填for。 8．句意：最重要的是，你必须喝一些菊花酒。根据“Most...you must drink some chrysanthemum wine.”可知，此处修饰整个句子，应用副词形式，important的副词是importantly，most importantly表示“最重要的是”。故填importantly。 9．句意：当他们回到家时，他们发现他们所有的动物都死了，包括狗、羊和鸡。根据“dogs, sheep and...”可知，此处应填名词复数形式，chicken的复数是chickens，表示“鸡”。故填chickens。 10．句意：从那时起，爬山和喝菊花酒成为重阳节的传统活动。根据“activities of the Double Ninth Festival”可知，此处应填形容词修饰名词activities，tradition的形容词是traditional，表示“传统的”。故填traditional。 （五） The Spring Festival is the most important traditional festival in China. It usually comes in January or February. Before the festival, families are busy 1 (prepare) for it. People clean their houses to “sweep away bad luck”. They also buy new clothes, food, and red decorations. Red is a lucky color in Chinese culture—it stands 2 happiness and good fortune. On New Year’s Eve, family members get together for 3 big dinner. Common dishes include dumplings, fish, and noodles. Dumplings look like gold ingots (金锭), so people eat them to wish for wealth. Fish means “surplus” in Chinese, which is a wish for a 4 (good) life. After dinner, families watch the Spring Festival Gala on TV. At midnight, many people set off fireworks 5 (welcome) the new year. On New Year’s Day, people visit 6 (they) relatives and friends. They give red envelopes with money inside to children, wishing them good luck. Children love the Spring Festival most 7 they can get red envelopes and play with their 8 (cousin). For most Chinese people, the Spring Festival is a time to be with family and celebrate together. It 9 (real) brings joy to everyone. I hope this tradition 10 (continue) for many years to come. 【答案】 1．preparing 2．for 3．a 4．better 5．to welcome 6．their 7．because 8．cousins 9．really 10．will continue 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国最重要的传统节日——春节的习俗和意义。 1．句意：在节日前，家人们忙着准备它。be busy doing sth.“忙于做某事”，固定搭配。故填preparing。 2．句意：红色在中国文化中是幸运的颜色——它代表幸福和好运。stand for“代表”，固定搭配。故填for。 3．句意：在除夕夜，家人们聚在一起吃一顿丰盛的晚餐。dinner为可数名词单数，big以辅音音素开头，表示“一顿”，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 4．句意：鱼在中文中意味着“盈余”，这是对更好生活的祝愿。根据“wish for a...life”可知，此处应用good的比较级better“更好的”。故填better。 5．句意：在午夜，许多人燃放烟花来迎接新年。此处用不定式作目的状语。故填to welcome。 6．句意：在新年第一天，人们拜访他们的亲戚和朋友。修饰名词relatives，应用they的形容词性物主代词their“他们的”。故填their。 7．句意：孩子们最喜欢春节，因为他们可以得到红包，和他们的堂兄弟姐妹玩。根据“Children love the Spring Festival most”和“they can get red envelopes”可知，前后为因果关系，应用because“因为”。故填because。 8．句意：孩子们最喜欢春节，因为他们可以得到红包，和他们的堂兄弟姐妹玩。cousin为可数名词，此处用复数cousins表示泛指。故填cousins。 9．句意：它真的给每个人带来快乐。修饰动词brings，应用real的副词really“真正地”。故填really。 10．句意：我希望这个传统在未来许多年将继续下去。根据“for many years to come”可知，此处应用一般将来时，结构为“will + 动词原形”。故填will continue。 （六） Recently, the topic of “premade food (预制菜) in school” 1 (cause) wide attention. All the parents are worried about the food safety (安全). And food safety is closely related to people’s health. A book named The Jungle 2 (write) by Upton Sinclair in 1906. It is about food safety. It is also about the dangerous ways that food was prepared. People used 3 (be) so worried about food safety that the government started testing food. 4 (Normal), most food in the world is safe. Laws control 5 food comes from. They also control how food is managed and prepared. Laws are important to keep our food safe. But it’s more important to make sure that the rules 6 (follow). A good food safety system keeps people safe. It helps 7 (they) to eat healthy food. 8 food safety systems usually work, there can be problems. Sometimes 9 (mistake) are made. For example, a truck might carry meat and then cakes. The cakes make people sick when the truck isn’t cleaned before carrying them. Sometimes companies break rules in order to make more money. We should take actions 10 (make) our food safer. 【答案】 1．has caused 2．was written 3．to be 4．Normally 5．where 6．are followed 7．them 8．Although/Though 9．mistakes 10．to make 【导语】本文主要介绍了食品安全问题。 1．句意：最近，“学校预制菜”的话题引起了广泛关注。cause“导致；引起”，动词；根据“Recently”可知，时态为现在完成时“have/has done”，主语“the topic”表示单数，助动词用has，cause的过去分词为caused。故填has caused。 2．句意：厄普顿·辛克莱于1906年写了一本名为《屠场》的书。write“写”，“book”和“write”是被动关系，用被动语态“be done”。时态为一般过去时，主语“A book”表示单数，be动词用was，write的过去分词为written。故填was written。 3．句意：人们过去非常担心食品安全，以至于政府开始对食品进行检测。used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”，所以空格处应填to be。故填to be。 4．句意：通常，世界上大多数食物都是安全的。Normal“正常的；一般的”，形容词，此处用其副词形式Normally“通常；正常情况下”修饰整个句子。故填Normally。 5．句意：法律控制着食物的来源。根据“food comes from”可知，表示食物来源，用where“哪里”引导宾语从句。故填where。 6．句意：但更重要的是要确保遵守规则。follow“遵循”，动词；“rules”和“follow”是被动关系，用被动语态“be done”。时态为一般现在时，主语“the rules”表示复数，be动词用are，follow的过去分词为followed。故填are followed。 7．句意：它有助于他们吃健康的食物。they“他们”，此处代指“people”，位于动词helps后面，用人称代词宾格them。故填them。 8．句意：虽然食品安全系统通常有效，但也可能存在问题。“food safety systems usually work”和“there can be problems”是让步关系，此处用although/though“虽然；尽管”引导让步状语从句，句首首字母大写。故填Although/Though。 9．句意：有时会犯错误。mistake“错误”，结合“are”可知，此处用复数名词作主语。故填mistakes。 10．句意：我们应该采取行动使我们的食品更安全。make“使，让”，动词；take actions to do sth.“采取行动做某事”，此处用动词不定式to make。故填to make。 （七） One lazy afternoon in a bookstore, I found an interesting book. It 1 (call) The Last Days of Old Beijing by a US writer Michael Meyer. The book name caught my eye and reminded 2 (I) of my home city, Beijing. Meyer’s writing brings us back to the old days of Beijing. In 2005, Meyer moved into 3 shared yard home in one of Beijing’s oldest neighborhoods, Dashilan, in one of its hutongs. There he 4 (teach) English at a local school. He knew more about Beijing by 5 (get) close to the local culture. Hutong is hugely important in Beijing culture. In the book, he describes the hutong and the shouts of street vendors (小贩) 6 a lively way that makes you feel like you are right there. Meyer saw great changes in the neighborhood. The old houses made way for high-rise buildings, shopping malls and other symbols of modern life. 7 some parts of old Beijing’s culture stayed strong in the face of rapid change. People still kept traditions like hanging “fu” and Spring Festival couplets. Meyer shows us how these traditional 8 (custom) helped people hold onto their roots as old buildings went away around them. The Last Days of Old Beijing showed new sides of the city I hadn’t seen before. How 9 (touch) it is when those small details of daily life in the old neighborhoods came to me! It made me think about how we can keep our traditions alive while also moving forward with changes. I wonder 10 you will like this book. If you have time, try reading to find the secret of Beijing. 【答案】 1．is called 2．me 3．a 4．taught 5．getting 6．in 7．But 8．customs 9．touching 10．if/whether 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者在书店偶然发现美国作家迈克尔・迈耶的著作《老北京的最后日子》的经历。书中记录了作者2005年在北京大栅栏胡同生活、教学的日常，生动描绘了胡同风貌与市井气息；同时展现了北京在城市化进程中，老建筑被现代建筑取代的变迁，以及贴福字、贴春联等传统文化习俗的顽强留存。作者通过这本书看到了北京不为人知的一面，引发了关于 “在时代变革中如何传承传统” 的深刻思考，并向读者推荐了这本书。 1．句意：这本书名为《老北京的最后日子》，是由美国作家迈克尔・迈耶所写。根据“It...The Last Days of Old Beijing by a US writer Michael Meyer.”可知，主语It(指代前文的book)与call是被动关系，且书名为客观事实，应用一般现在时态的被动语态。故填is called。 2．句意：书名吸引了我的目光，让我想起了我的家乡——北京。根据“reminded”可知，动词后用人称代词宾格形式，I的宾格为me。故填me。 3．句意：2005年，迈耶搬进了北京最古老的街区之一——大栅栏的一条胡同里，住进了一个合住的院子房子。根据“shared yard home”可知，其为可数名词单数形式，且以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a表示泛指。故填a。 4．句意：在那里，他在当地一所学校教英语。根据“There he...English at a local school.”结合文章时态可知，本句为一般过去时态，teach的过去式为taught。故填taught。 5．句意：通过深入了解当地文化，他对北京有了更多的认识。根据“by”可知，介词后接动名词形式做宾语，get的动名词形式为getting。故填getting。 6．句意：在书中，他以生动的笔触描述了胡同和小贩的吆喝声，让你仿佛身临其境。根据“he describes the hutong and the shouts of street vendors...a lively way”可知，in a...way“以一种……的方式”。故填in。 7．句意：但面对快速的变化，老北京文化的一些部分依然顽强地留存了下来。根据“The old houses made way for high-rise buildings, shopping malls and other symbols of modern life...some parts of old Beijing’s culture stayed strong in the face of rapid change.”可知，前后两句为转折关系，but表示转折关系，置于句首首字母大写。故填But。 8．句意：迈耶向我们展示了，当周围的老建筑逐渐消失时，这些传统习俗如何帮助人们坚守自己的根。根据“these traditional...”可知，此处应用名词复数形式。故填customs。 9．句意：当那些老街区日常生活的微小细节浮现在我脑海中时，多么令人感动啊！根据“How...it is”可知，此处为How引导的感叹句，其结构为“How+形容词+主语+谓语！，此处表示事物的特征，touch的形容词形式为touching。故填touching。 10．句意：我想知道你是否会喜欢这本书。根据“I wonder...you will like this book.”可知，此处为宾语从句，表示是否喜欢，应用if/whether表示“是否”。故填if/whether。 （八） The Buffett lunch is a charity auction (拍卖) beginning in 2000, where the bidder who offers the highest bid (出价) can have a lunch with Buffett. The profits from the auction will help support the Glide Foundation, a San Francisco-based charity organization 1 helps San Francisco’s most vulnerable (脆弱的) people, including   2 homeless. A Chinese cryptocurrency entrepreneur, Justin Sun Yuchen, founder of TRON and CEO of BitTorrent, has won the auction for this year’s Buffett lunch with a $4,567,888 bid, a record high since the lunch 3 (launch) 25 years ago. Billionaire investor Warren Buffett isn’t a fan of investing in cryptocurrencies, 4 (call) them “nonproductive assets”, an Associated Press (AP) report said. But Sun said in a telephone interview, “It is very common in investment circles 5 people change their minds. Investment opportunities are best 6 lots of people underestimate the technology.” As a response to the result of the auction, Buffett said in a statement 7 (provide) by his assistant, “I am delighted with the fact that Justin has won the lunch and am looking forward to 8 (meet) him and his friends.” 9 Warren Buffett’s charity lunch has been a hot ticket in Chinese business circles, with three Chinese people 10 (put) in winning bids during past auctions, some bidders have had capital chain problems or been put under investigation for alleged violations of securities laws and regulations in subsequent business activities, the report said. 【答案】 1．that/which 2．the 3．was launched 4．calling 5．that 6．when 7．provided 8．meeting 9．Although/Though 10．putting 【导语】本文主要介绍了巴菲特慈善午餐拍卖活动，以及中国加密货币企业家孙宇晨创纪录高价中标并计划与巴菲特会面的情况。 1．句意：拍卖所得利润将用于支持Glide基金会，这是一家总部位于旧金山的慈善组织，帮助旧金山最脆弱的人群，包括无家可归者。此处是定语从句，修饰先行词a San Francisco-based charity organization，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 2．句意：拍卖所得利润将用于支持Glide基金会，这是一家总部位于旧金山的慈善组织，帮助旧金山最脆弱的人群，包括无家可归者。此处特指无家可归者这一群体，应用定冠词the+形容词。故填the。 3．句意：中国加密货币企业家、波场创始人兼BitTorrent首席执行官孙宇晨以4,567,888美元的出价赢得了今年的巴菲特午餐，这是自25年前午餐推出以来的最高纪录。since引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主语the lunch与launch之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+过去分词”，主语是单数，be动词用was。故填was launched。 4．句意：美联社报道称，亿万富翁投资者沃伦·巴菲特不喜欢投资加密货币，称它们为“非生产性资产”。句中有谓语动词，此处用非谓语动词，call与主语Billionaire investor Warren Buffett之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填calling。 5．句意：在投资圈里，人们改变主意是很常见的。此处引导主语从句，从句不缺成分，句意完整，应用that引导，It is+adj.+that...“……是……的”。故填that。 6．句意：投资机会最好的时候是很多人低估这项技术的时候。根据“lots of people underestimate the technology”可知，是当很多人低估这项技术时，表示“当……时候”，应用when。故填when。 7．句意：作为对拍卖结果的回应，巴菲特在其助手提供的声明中表示……。句子中有谓语动词，此处用非谓语动词，provide与statement之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填provided。 8．句意：我很高兴贾斯汀赢得了午餐，并期待着与他和他的朋友们见面。look forward to doing sth.“期待做某事”，固定搭配。故填meeting。 9．句意：报道称，尽管沃伦·巴菲特的慈善午餐在中国商界一直很受欢迎，在过去的拍卖中有三名中国人中标，但一些竞标者在随后的商业活动中存在资金链问题或因涉嫌违反证券法规而受到调查。前后两句是让步关系，表示“尽管”，应用although或though引导让步状语从句，句首首字母大写。故填Although/Though。 10．句意：报道称，尽管沃伦·巴菲特的慈善午餐在中国商界一直很受欢迎，在过去的拍卖中有三名中国人中标，但一些竞标者在随后的商业活动中存在资金链问题或因涉嫌违反证券法规而受到调查。句子中有谓语动词，此处用非谓语动词，put与people之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填putting。 （九） On the morning of November 15, 2024, Wang Chunyan, a fruit farmer from Shuangyashan, Heilongjiang Province, called the 12345 hotline for help. Wang and her husband had planned to transport 1,500 kilos of apples in their truck to Hainan for sale. However, while passing through Changsha, they received (收到) the sad news of Wang’s husband’s father’s 1 (dead). They decided to get off the highway nearby. Wang’s husband parked the truck near Changqiao Park and went back home for the funeral (葬礼). Wang stayed in Changsha, trying to sell the apples by 2 (she). Wang had no sales channels (路径). She couldn’t set up a stall (摊位) because the truck was parked near a school and people were not allowed 3 (set) up stalls around the school. And Wang couldn’t move the truck either, because she didn’t have 4 driver’s license (证件). She just stood by the truck and tried her best to sell the apples, 5 few people showed interest. Wang was very worried and didn’t know what to do. A stranger suggested calling the 12345 hotline. With little hope, Wang did so. A community worker 6 (quick) arrived and helped move the truck to a market. Wang began selling the apples there, and soon several community 7 (member) joined to help. After community worker Su Ding shared Wang’s situation online, more people came to buy the apples. With the help of the community workers, all the 1,500 kilos of apples were sold 8 within a few days. On November 25, Wang’s husband 9 (return) from the funeral. He 10 (touch) by the community’s support (支持), saying, “Changsha is the hometown of Lei Feng; you are all living Lei Fengs!” 【答案】 1．death 2．herself 3．to set 4．a 5．but 6．quickly 7．members 8．out 9．returned 10．was touched 【导语】本文主要讲述了2024年11月黑龙江果农王春燕夫妇运输苹果途中遇家人离世，王春燕独自在长沙卖苹果遇困，后通过12345热线获得社区帮助，最终售完苹果的故事。 1．句意：然而，在途经长沙时，他们收到了王春燕丈夫的父亲去世的噩耗。“husband’s father’s”后需接名词，形容词dead对应的名词是death。故填death。 2．句意：王春燕留在长沙，试图独自卖掉这些苹果。根据提示词可知，此处使用固定搭配“by oneself”，意为“独自”。人称代词she对应的反身代词是herself。故填herself。 3．句意：她不能摆摊，因为卡车停在学校附近，人们不被允许在学校周边摆摊。“be allowed to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“被允许做某事”，根据提示词，可知使用其不定式形式。故填to set。 4．句意：王春燕也不能移动卡车，因为她没有驾照。“driver’s license”是可数名词单数，且driver以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 5．句意：她只是站在卡车旁，尽力卖苹果，但很少有人表现出兴趣。 “few”是否定含义，意为“没几个”，与前文的“tried her best to sell the apples”形成对比，所以前后为转折关系，应用连词but连接。故填but。 6．句意：一名社区工作者迅速赶到，帮忙把卡车移到了一个市场。此处需用副词修饰动词“arrived”，形容词quick对应的副词是quickly。故填quickly。 7．句意：王春燕开始在那里卖苹果，很快几名社区成员也来帮忙。“several”后需接可数名词复数，member的复数形式是members。故填members。 8．句意：在社区工作者的帮助下，1500公斤苹果在几天内就全部售罄。 “sell out”是固定短语，意为“售罄”，符合“苹果卖完”的语境。故填out。 9．句意：11月25日，王春燕的丈夫从葬礼回来。根据时间状语“On November 25”，可知此处需用一般过去时，return的过去式是returned。故填returned。 10．句意：他被社区的支援所感动，说：“长沙是雷锋的故乡，你们都是活雷锋！”。 主语“He”与动词“touch”是被动关系，且时态为一般过去时，需用一般过去时的被动语态was touched。故填was touched。 （十） Among all the teahouses in the world, most are in Sichuan, and among those in Sichuan, most are in Chengdu. In Chengdu, there are as many teahouses as leaves in a cup of tea. Teahouses are really a 1 (wonder) part of life for common people in Chengdu. Sometimes, the teahouses can be very crowded, 2 it doesn’t stop people from coming. In a busy life, 3 (find) a quiet place to drink tea is better than staying at home. The teahouses usually offer different kinds of tea to customers. Most local people even bring 4 (they) own tea leaves with them. They can spend 5 pleasant afternoon talking with friends and enjoying the peaceful life. Besides, people can also watch traditional performances, such as Sichuan opera or folk music. These performances allow people to experience the rich local culture 6 ( direct). What’s more, the cost of having a cup of tea in the teahouse is not high. So teahouses are popular 7 people. The teahouse is one of the 8 (symbol) of Chengdu. It 9 (show) the special lifestyle of people in this area. If you want to experience the local culture, visiting teahouses will be the 10 (good) choice for you. I am sure you will like it. 【答案】 1．wonderful 2．but 3．finding 4．their 5．a 6．directly 7．with 8．symbols 9．shows 10．best 【导语】本文介绍了成都茶馆的特色：成都茶馆数量众多，是当地人生活的重要部分。茶馆里不仅有各类茶饮，人们还会自带茶叶，在茶馆喝茶聊天、观赏川剧等传统表演。茶馆消费不高，深受大众喜爱，更是成都的象征之一，是体验当地文化的绝佳选择。 1．句意：茶馆对于成都的普通人来说，真的是一个很棒的部分。根据“part”可知，名词需用形容词修饰，wonder的形容词形式为wonderful，意为“极好的”。故填wonderful。 2．句意：有时候茶馆会非常拥挤，但这并不妨碍人们前来。根据“the teahouses can be very crowded”和“it doesn’t stop people from coming”可知，前后句是转折关系，需用连词but连接。故填but。 3．句意：在忙碌的生活中，找一个安静的地方喝茶比待在家里更好。根据“is better”可知，空格处作句子主语，需用动名词形式，find的动名词为finding。故填finding。 4．句意：大多数当地人甚至会自带茶叶。根据“own tea leaves”可知，此处需用形容词性物主代词修饰，they的形容词性物主代词为their。故填their。 5．句意：他们可以度过一个惬意的下午，和朋友聊天，享受闲适的生活。根据“afternoon”可知，此处表泛指“一个下午”，pleasant以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。故填a。 6．句意：这些表演让人们能直接体验到丰富的当地文化。根据“experience”可知，动词需用副词修饰，direct的副词形式为directly，意为“直接地”。故填directly。 7．句意：所以茶馆很受人们欢迎。“be popular with sb.”是固定搭配，意为“受某人欢迎”。故填with。 8．句意：茶馆是成都的象征之一。“one of + 可数名词复数”是固定结构，意为“……之一”，symbol的复数形式为symbols。故填symbols。 9．句意：它展现了这个地区人们独特的生活方式。全文时态为一般现在时，主语“It”指代“the teahouse”，是第三人称单数，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式shows。故填shows。 10．句意：如果你想体验当地文化，逛茶馆会是你最好的选择。根据前文语境及定冠词“the” 可知，此处需用形容词最高级，good的最高级为best。故填best。 阅读下面的材料，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号内所给单词的正确形式。 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 动词时态&语态 目录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 4 03 考点通关·靶向突破 4 ★考点一 一般现在时 4 ★考点二 一般过去时 7 考点三 一般将来时 10 考点四 现在进行时 12 考点五 过去进行时 14 ★考点六 现在完成时 16 04 优题精选·练能提分 18 考点 课标要求 复习目标 一般现在时 ➢ 掌握其构成（动词原形/第三人称单数）及用法。 1. 熟记第三人称单数变化规则。 2. 掌握两大核心用法：表示经常性习惯和客观真理。 3. 能在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。 一般过去时 ➢ 掌握其构成（规则动词-ed/不规则动词）及用法。 1. 熟记规则动词过去式构成及高频不规则动词表。 2. 掌握核心用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态，常与明确过去时间连用。 3. 掌握“used to do”结构表示过去习惯。 一般将来时 ➢ 掌握其多种构成 （will do, be going to do等）及用法区别。 1. 掌握 will do（临时决定、预测）与 be going to do（有计划、有迹象）的用法区别。 2. 了解 be to do（计划、安排）和 be about to do（即将）等表达。 3. 掌握在时间/条件从句中用现在时表将来的规则。 现在进行时 ➢ 掌握其构成（am/is/are + doing）及用法。 1. 掌握核心用法：表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2. 掌握“位移动词”的现在进行时可表将来安排（如 come, go, leave）。 3. 了解部分动词（如 have, see, love）通常不用于进行时。 过去进行时 ➢ 掌握其构成（was/were + doing）及用法。 1. 掌握核心用法：表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在进行的动作。 2. 掌握与一般过去时在“when/while”引导的复合句中的配合使用。 现在完成时 ➢ 掌握其构成（have/has + done）及核心用法。 1. 理解并区分两大核心概念：过去动作对现在的影响/结果 和 从过去持续到现在的动作或状态。 2. 掌握与 since, for, already, yet, ever, never, just 等标志词的连用。 3. ⚠️ 重点辨析：与一般过去时的根本区别（是否与现在有关联）。 被动语态 ➢ 掌握其基本构成（be + done）及在各种时态中的形式。 1. 掌握核心结构：be + 及物动词的过去分词，并注意主谓一致。 2. 熟练转换主动句与被动句，能判断何时需用被动语态。 3. 掌握中考范围内各时态的被动形式，特别是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态。 命题预测 结合核心素养与中考新趋势： 1. 语境化与语篇化：纯语法题减少，更多在语法填空及书面表达中考查。要求考生根据上下文逻辑、时间线索和动作关系，选择或写出正确的时态和语态。 2. 综合化与高阶思维：一题可能同时考查时态、语态和非谓语的结合（如 having been done）。在写作中，能根据叙事需要灵活、准确地切换时态是获得高分的关键。 3. 聚焦核心用法：高频考点依然是：一般现在时（第三人称单数）、一般过去时（不规则动词）、现在完成时（与过去时辨析）、被动语态（基本结构与时态结合）。 解题锦囊 锦囊1：寻找标志词 首先扫描题干或上下文中的时间状语或语境暗示词，这是最直接的线索。  现在完成时：since, for, in the past/last few years, so far, already, yet, ever, never, just。 一般过去时：yesterday, last week, ago, in 2020, just now（刚才）。 将来时：tomorrow, next week, in the future, soon。 进行时：now, at the moment, look!, listen!。 锦囊2：分析语境逻辑 无明确时间状语时，深入分析语境： 1. 动作先后关系：在包含多个动作的句子或复合句中，根据动作发生的先后顺序判断时态。 2. 主从句时态呼应：注意宾语从句、时间/条件状语从句中的时态搭配规则。 3. “影响”与“状态”：若强调过去动作对现在造成的结果或影响，或表示从过去延续至今的状态，优先考虑现在完成时。 锦囊3：锁定固定句型 掌握必考时态句型，看到结构即可锁定答案： - It is/has been + 一段时间 + since...  This/It is the first time that... (have/has done)  be about to do... when... （正要…突然…） 锦囊4：语态判断两步法 1. 判关系：分析主语与谓语动词是主动还是被动关系。主语是动作的承受者，就用被动语态。 2. 定时态：在确定用被动语态后，再根据上下文时间线索，决定be动词的具体时态形式（如 is done, was done, will be done, has been done）。 核心注意事项：解答任何动词题，第一步永远是判断该动词在句中是否需要作谓语。若是谓语，则严格遵循以上步骤；若是非谓语，则按非谓语规则处理。 考点一 一般现在时 1. 基本句子结构 分类 构成/用法说明 例句/规则 肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + 其他 (表状态) I am a freshman. 主语(非三单) + 动词原形 + 其他 I go to school by car. 主语(第三人称单数) + 动词三单形式 + 其他 She gets up early every morning. ✅ 被动语态：主语 + am/is/are + 及物动词的过去分词 + (by...) English is spoken by many people. 动词三单变化规则 ① 一般情况，加 -s eat → eats; rise → rises ② 以-s, -x, -ch, -sh, -o, -z结尾，加 -es discuss → discusses; teach → teaches ③ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i加 -es carry → carries; fly → flies 否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + 其他 I am not a freshman. 主语(非三单) + don't + 动词原形 + 其他 I don't go to school by car. 主语(三单) + doesn't + 动词原形 + 其他 She doesn't get up early. ✅ 被动语态否定：主语 + am/is/are + not + 过去分词 The door is not locked. 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 其他？ Are you a freshman? Do + 主语(非三单) + 动词原形 + 其他？ Do you go to school by car? Does + 主语(三单) + 动词原形 + 其他？ Does she get up early? ✅被动语态疑问：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词 + (by...)? Is English used widely? 2. 常与一般现在时连用的标志词 频率副词always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never 时间短语every day/year, once a week, twice a year，on Mondays/weekends, in the morning/afternoon 3. 核心用法与考点 习惯与规律 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。 On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour to drive to work. 客观真理 表示客观事实、科学真理、格言警句等。 The earth travels around the sun. 计划与时刻表 表示按计划、时刻表、规定要发生的将来动作（常见于位移动词）。 My dream school starts at 8:30 am. 时间/条件状语从句 在if, when, as soon as等引导的从句中，用一般现在时表将来。 If you come this afternoon, we'll have a meeting. 倒装句 在 here, there 开头的倒装句中，表示正在发生或引起注意。 There goes the bell. 标题与说明 用于文章标题、图片说明、电影戏剧内容介绍等。 The film explores the daily lives of ordinary people. ✅ 用法7：被动语态 表示主语是动作的承受者，强调被动行为或客观事实。 Breakfast is served at 7 a.m. every day. Glass is made from sand. 4. 注意事项与易错点 ✅ 被动语态构成核心 1. 结构固定：be (am/is/are) + 及物动词的过去分词。 2. 主谓一致：be动词必须随新主语（即原句的宾语）的人称和数变化。 3. 及物动词：只有及物动词才有被动语态。 主动：People speak English here. 被动：English is spoken here. (√) 主动：An accident happened. (happen是不及物动词) 被动：(无法构成，×) ✅ 主动变被动步骤 1. 把原句的宾语变为主语。 2. 谓语动词改为 “be + 过去分词”，注意新主语的单复数。 3. 原句主语放在by后，如无需强调可省略。 主动：They clean the room every day. 被动：The room is cleaned (by them) every day. 【应试技巧】 核心技巧：遵循“三步判断法” 在做语法填空时，如果句子描述的是习惯、经常性动作、客观事实或真理，就需要考虑使用一般现在时。请按以下步骤判断： 第一步：寻找“标志词”，确认时态——首先，快速浏览句子或上下文，寻找一般现在时的典型标志词： 频率副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never 周期性时间短语：every day/week, once a week, on Mondays, in the morning 第二步：确定主语，判断动词形式（最关键的一步）——找到主语后，严格根据主语决定动词形式： 主语是I/You/We/They或复数名词 → 动词用原形。 主语是He/She/It或单数名词/不可数名词 → 动词必须变成第三人称单数形式。 第三步：分析语境，注意特殊用法——即使没有明显时间标志，也要根据语境判断： 客观真理/科学事实：直接使用一般现在时。 在if（如果）、when（当…时）、as soon as（一…就）等引导的条件或时间状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 1．（2025·湖南长沙卷）These are the literature classics (文学经典), and they ________ (be) of lasting value. 2．（2024·湖南长沙卷）Peonies (牡丹) are like soft clouds in pink, red and white. They are beautiful and can brighten up someone's day. Red peonies 　 　 (give) to people to show love and care. 3．（2023·湖南长沙卷）A recent study shows that letter writing 　 　 (make) the writer happy, too. "Handwriting is your DNA. It's your fingerprint that only you can share with others," said Richard Simpkin. 考点二 一般过去式 1. 基本句子结构 分类 构成/用法说明 例句/规则 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 其他 (表状态) I was a student then. 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 (含规则与不规则变化) He worked here last year. 被动语态：主语 + was/were + 及物动词的过去分词 + (by...) The house was built in 1990. 动词过去式变化规则 ① 规则动词：一般情况加 -ed work → worked; play → played ② 以不发音的e结尾，加 -d live → lived; hope → hoped ③ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i加 -ed study → studied; ④ 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾为单辅音，双写该字母加 ed stop → stopped; ⚠️ 不规则动词：必须单独记忆（如 go→went, see→saw, do→did） 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 其他 I was not (wasn't) at home. 主语 + did not (didn't) + 动词原形 + 其他 He didn't work here. ✅ 被动语态否定：主语 + was/were + not + 过去分词 The door was not locked. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 其他？ Were you at home? Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ Did he work here? ✅ 被动语态疑问：Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词 + (by...)? Was the book returned? 2. 常与一般过去时连用的标志词 明确过去时间点：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last night/week/year, in 1990, at that time 时间段 + ago：two days ago, a moment ago, long ago 其他：just now (刚才), once upon a time, in the old days 3. 核心用法与考点 用法1：过去特定动作：表示在过去某个特定时间发生并已结束的动作。 He bought a car last month. 用法2：过去持续状态：表示在过去某段时间内持续的状态或习惯（常与时间段连用）。 I lived there for five years. 用法3：过去习惯动作：表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 He always carried an umbrella. 用法4：Used to结构：used to do：表示“过去常常做某事（现在不做了）”。 I used to get up early. 用法5：故事叙述：在叙述故事、经历或历史事件时，主要时态。 He opened the door, saw a stranger. ✅ 用法6：被动语态：表示过去发生的被动动作，主语是动作的承受者。 The letter was written by him. 【应试技巧】 1. 时间标志法（首选）：解题时，首先快速寻找句中的明确过去时间状语。若看到 yesterday, last week/year, ...ago, in 2000, just now (刚才) 等标志词，基本可以确定使用一般过去时。 2. 语境判断法：在无明确时间词时，通过上下文判断动作是否发生在过去且已结束。叙事性文章、个人经历回忆通常以一般过去时为基本时态。 3. “主过从过”原则：当主句谓语是过去时（如 said, told, thought），其后的宾语从句的时态通常需用相应的过去时态（如过去将来、过去进行、过去完成）。 4. 主动变被动两步法： 判结构：确定原句为一般过去时，且需用被动语态（主语是动作承受者）。 改动词：将谓语动词改为 “was/were + 过去分词”，注意新主语单复数决定用 was 或 were。 1．（2025·湖南省卷）Many waterways ________ (provide) water for crop fields and the people living inside and outside of the city. 2．（2025·湖南长沙卷）China has its (it) own long history of classical literature that dates back to the “Four Books and Five Classics”. These books _______ (write) before the Qin Dynasty. 3．（2024·湖南省卷）I loved it so much and I 　 　（go）to college to learn more. 考点三 一般将来时 1. 基本句子结构 分类 构成/用法说明 例句/规则 肯定句 will/shall型：主语 + will/shall + 动词原形 + 其他 I will call you tomorrow. (shall多用于第一人称疑问句) be going to型：主语 + am/is/are + going to + 动词原形 + 其他 Look at the clouds! It is going to rain. 现在进行时表将来：主语 + am/is/are + 现在分词 + 其他 (用于位移动词) The train is leaving in ten minutes. 一般现在时表将来：主语 + 动词原形/三单 + 其他 (用于时刻表) The plane takes off at 9:00 PM. ✅ 被动语态 (will型)：主语 + will be + 及物动词的过去分词 + (by...) The meeting will be held next Monday. ✅ 被动语态 (be going to型)：主语 + am/is/are + going to be + 过去分词 + (by...) A new park is going to be built here. 否定句 will/shall型：主语 + will/shall + not + 动词原形 + 其他 She will not (won‘t) attend the party. be going to型：主语 + am/is/are + not + going to + 动词原形 + 其他 I am not going to tell him. ✅ 被动语态否定：在will be或going to be后加not The work won’t be finished today. 一般疑问句 Will/Shall + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ Will you join us? Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他？ Are you going to travel this summer? ✅ 被动语态疑问：Will + 主语 + be + 过去分词？ / Is + 主语 + going to be + 过去分词？ Will the letter be sent out today? 2. 常与一般将来时连用的标志词 未来时间状语：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week/month/year, in the future, soon, in two days 其他短语：some day, one day, before long, from now on 3. 核心用法与考点 用法1：will/shall 的用法 ① 表示单纯的未来预测（无计划）。 ② 表示说话时临时做出的决定。 ③ 表示意愿、承诺或建议。 People will live on the moon one day. The phone is ringing. I ‘ll get it. I will help you with your homework. 用法2：be going to 的用法 ① 表示基于当前迹象的预测。 ② 表示事先经过考虑的意图或计划。 It‘s so dark. It is going to rain. He is going to study abroad next year. 用法3：现在进行时表将来 表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常与位移动词连用。 I am meeting my boss at 3:00. 用法4：一般现在时表将来 表示按时刻表、日程规定要发生的动作。 The film begins at 7:30 tonight. ⚠️ 用法5：“主将从现”原则 在时间状语从句 (when, as soon as, until…) 和条件状语从句 (if, unless…) 中，用一般现在时表示将来动作。 If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. ✅ 用法6：被动语态 表示将来某个时间会发生的被动动作。 The project will be completed by December. 【应试技巧】 1. 语境判断法（选择will还是be going to）： 看到“当前迹象”（如乌云、时钟指向）或已知的“个人计划”，优先考虑 be going to。 表示“临时决定”、“主动意愿”或“客观未来预测”，优先考虑 will。 在问对方意愿或提出建议时（如 Will you...?），只能用 will。 2. 句型锁定法： 看到 if, unless, when, as soon as, until, before, after 等引导的条件或时间状语从句，立即启动 “主将从现” 检查：主句用将来时，从句谓语必须用一般现在时。这是绝对高频考点。 看到列车时刻表、课程表、节目单等上下文，考虑用一般现在时表将来。 3. 结构完整性检查： 对于 be going to，务必检查 be动词 (am/is/are) 和 going to 两部分是否齐全，后面接动词原形。 对于 will，后面必须接动词原形。 1．（2023·湖南永州卷）—What’s your prediction about the future? —I think there ________ (be) less pollution. 2．（24-25·江西赣州·期末改编） —Your father has gone to Shenzhen on business, hasn’t he? —Yes. And he ________ （return）next month. 3．（25-26·江苏无锡·期中改编）I believe this experience ________ (make) me more organized. 考点四 现在进行时 1. 基本句子结构 分类 构成/用法说明 例句/规则 肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + 现在分词 + 其他 They are reading in the library now. ✅ 被动语态：主语 + am/is/are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 + (by...) A new road is being built outside. 现在分词变化规则 ① 一般情况，直接加 -ing work → working; play → playing ② 以不发音的e结尾，去e加 -ing make → making; write → writing ③ 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾为单辅音，双写该字母加 -ing run → running; swim → swimming ④ 以ie结尾，变ie为y加 -ing lie → lying; die → dying 否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + 现在分词 + 其他 He is not (isn‘t) sleeping. ✅ 被动语态否定：在is/are 和 being 之间加 not The machine is not being used now. 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 现在分词 + 其他？ Are you listening to me? ✅ 被动语态疑问：将be动词 (am/is/are) 提前 Is the report being written? 2. 常与现在进行时连用的标志词 具体时刻：now, right now, at the moment, at this moment 提示性词语：Look! Listen! Be quiet! Hurry up! 当前阶段：this week/month/year, these days, currently 3. 核心用法与考点 用法1：此刻正在进行的动作表示说话时或现阶段正在发生的动作。 Listen! The bird is singing. 用法2：当前阶段在进行的动作表示当前一段时间内持续进行但说话时不一定正在做的动作。 He is writing a novel these days. ⚠️ 用法3：表将来（计划与安排）表示按计划或安排近期即将发生的动作，常与位移动词连用。 We are leaving for London tomorrow. ⚠️ 用法4：表达情感（与always等连用）与 always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表达赞叹、厌烦、不满等强烈感情色彩。 He is always helping others. (赞赏) She is constantly complaining. (不满) ⚠️ 用法5：状态动词一般不用进行时感官、情感、所属、思维类动词通常不用进行时。 I know him. (√) I am knowing him. (×) ✅ 用法6：被动语态表示此刻或现阶段正在被进行的动作。 Your computer is being repaired. 【应试技巧】 1. 标志词触发法：看到 now, at the moment, look, listen 等典型标志，立即考虑现在进行时。 2. 语境判断法：描述具体场景（如“电话响了”、“看窗外”），且动作有明显“正在进行”的动态感，用现在进行时。 3. 计划将来判断法：当句中有 tomorrow, next week 等将来时间，但动词是 come, go, leave, start 等表示“来去、起止”的位移动词时，很可能用现在进行时表将来安排。 4. 情感色彩判断法：当句中有 always, constantly 等词，且表达的是主观情绪而非客观频率时，用现在进行时。 5. 被动语态判断：当主语是动作承受者，且强调动作“此时此刻正在被进行”，使用“am/is/are + being + 过去分词”结构。 1．（2023·湖南永州卷）—Look! What are the boys doing? —They ________ (play) basketball. 2．（25-26江苏无锡·期中） —Hello, may I speak to Sophia? —Wait a minute. She ________ (discuss) the fashion show with Sarah in the next room. 3．（25-26·北京东城·期中改编）—Could you please help me with my math? —How about 20 minutes later? I _________ on my science project right now. 考点五 过去进行时 1. 基本句子结构 分类 构成/用法说明 例句/规则 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 现在分词 + 其他 I was watching TV at 8 last night. ✅ 被动语态：主语 + was/were + being + 及物动词的过去分词 + (by...) The car was being repaired at that time. 现在分词变化规则 规则与现在进行时完全相同，需特别注意以下易错点： ① 一般情况，直接加 -ing work → working; play → playing ② 以不发音的e结尾，去e加 -ing make → making; write → writing ③ 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾为单辅音，双写该字母加 -ing sit → sitting; run → running; swim → swimming ④ 以ie结尾，变ie为y加 -ing lie → lying; die → dying 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 现在分词 + 其他 They were not (weren’t) sleeping then. ✅ 被动语态否定：在was/were 和 being 之间加 not The letter was not being written when I arrived. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 现在分词 + 其他？ Were you doing your homework at 7? ✅ 被动语态疑问：将be动词 (was/were) 提前 Was the project being discussed yesterday? 2. 常与过去进行时连用的标志词 过去具体时刻at this time yesterday, at 10 o‘clock last night, then “当…时”when, while, as (常引导一个时间点或时间段) 过去时段all morning yesterday, the whole day, from 7 to 9 last evening 3. 核心用法与考点 用法1：过去某时刻正在进行的动作表示在过去某一具体时间点或时刻正在发生的动作。 I was taking a shower when you called. 用法2：过去某阶段持续进行的动作表示在过去某一时间段内持续进行的动作。 He was painting all afternoon yesterday. ⚠️ 用法3：复合句中的背景描述在过去的时间背景下，用过去进行时描述较长或正在进行的动作作为背景，用一般过去时描述打断或插入的短暂动作。 While I was walking in the park, I met an old friend. ⚠️ 用法4：表达情感（与always等连用）与 always, constantly 等词连用，表达对过去某种重复性行为的赞叹、抱怨等情感。 She was always forgetting her keys. (抱怨) ⚠️ 用法5：表示过去将来的计划在间接引语或叙述中，表示从过去角度看，按计划将要发生的动作（多与位移动词连用）。 He said he was leaving for Shanghai the next day. ✅ 用法6：被动语态表示过去某个时刻或阶段正在被进行的动作。 The bridge was being built last winter. 【应试技巧】 1. 时间标志法：看到 at this time yesterday、at 9 last night、from...to... yesterday 等明确表示“过去某一具体时刻或时段”的标志词，优先考虑过去进行时。 2. 复合句判断法（关键技巧）：当句子由 when 或 while 连接时，仔细分析动作关系： “长动作”做背景，用过去进行时：when/while 后若跟一个持续性动作（如 reading, walking），该从句常用过去进行时。 “短动作”打断，用一般过去时：主句或从句中表示短暂发生、打断背景的动作，用一般过去时。 口诀：“长动进行，短动过去”。 3. 计划与情感判断：在间接引语中表示过去的将来计划，或与 always 连用表达过去习惯性情感时，考虑过去进行时。 4. 被动语态判断：当强调过去某个时间点“动作正在被进行”的被动状态时，使用“was/were + being + 过去分词”。 1．（25-26·江西景德镇·期中改编）— Is there anything wrong, Bob? You looked worried. — Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ________ （think）of my coming exams. 2．（25-26·天津河西·期中改编） My parents ________ （cook）dinner when I got home yesterday. 3．（25-26·北京顺义·期中改编） John ________ （have）dinner at the Young Restaurant at 5 o’clock last Friday. 考点六 现在完成时 1. 基本句子结构 分类 构成/用法说明 例句/规则 肯定句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他 I have finished my homework. ✅ 被动语态：主语 + have/has + been + 及物动词的过去分词 + (by...) The window has been broken. 过去分词变化规则 规则动词：与过去式相同，在动词后加 -ed。 work → worked → worked 不规则动词：需单独记忆（三态不同或不完全相同）。 go → went → gone see → saw → seen do → did → done 否定句 主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 + 其他 He has not (hasn’t) arrived yet. ✅ 被动语态否定：在have/has 和 been 之间加 not The letters have not been sent. 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ Have you ever been to Beijing? ✅ 被动语态疑问：将 have/has 提前 Has the report been written? 2. 常与现在完成时连用的标志词 不确定的过去时间：already, yet, just, ever, never, before 表示“从过去持续到现在”：since + 过去时间点，for + 时间段 since 2020, for two years 包括现在在内的时间段：in the past/last few years, so far, up to now, recently 3. 核心用法与考点 ⚠️ 用法1：已完成用法（影响）表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调现在的情况。常与 already, just, yet 连用。 I have lost my key. (结果是现在没钥匙。) ⚠️ 用法2：未完成用法（持续）表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，并可能继续下去。常与 since, for 引导的时间状语连用。 He has lived here for ten years. ⚠️ 用法3：经历用法表示过去到现在为止有过的经历。常与 ever, never, once, before 连用。 Have you ever ridden a horse? ⚠️ 用法4：在时间/条件从句中替代将来完成时在 when, after, as soon as, if 等引导的从句中，用现在完成时代替将来完成时，表示将来某一时间前完成的动作。 I‘ll call you when I have finished the work. ✅ 用法5：被动语态表示过去发生且与现在有关的被动动作，或持续到现在的被动状态。 All the tickets have been sold out. 【应试技巧】 1. 时间标志词优先法：看到 since, for, already, yet, ever, never, just, so far, in the past years 等词，优先强烈考虑现在完成时。这是最直接的信号。 2. 逻辑结果判断法：如果句子强调的是过去某个动作导致的现在的结果或状态（如“丢了钥匙所以进不去门”），而不是单纯描述过去事件本身，用现在完成时。 3. 持续时间计算法：如果句子包含“从…开始”或“长达…时间”，且这个时间段延续到了现在，用现在完成时（持续性动词）。关键看句子的起点和终点是否明确。 4. “主将从现”升级版：在时间或条件状语从句中，若强调从句动作在主句动作之前完成，则从句用现在完成时代替将来完成时。 1．（2023·湖南永州卷）“Oh, my god! The beautiful moon ___ ____ (drop) into the well!” He quickly put his bucket (水桶) into the well to fish for the moon. 2．（2023·湖南衡阳卷改编）So far, Tech- Help (donated) more (many) than 2,000 smart TV sets to different families across the country. 3．（25-26·重庆渝中·期中） They ________ (spread) the good news all over the school since they heard about it. 一、写出下列动词的过去时；过去分词以及现在分词形式 动词原形 现在分词 过去式 过去分词 arise awake bear beat become bend bet bid bite blow burn burst cost creep cut deal dig dream feed fight forbid forgive freeze hang hide 二、语法填空 （一） Qin Yuqing is a member of the national freestyle roller skating (自由式滑冰) team. Last year, she 1 (win) the Adult Women’s Freestyle Roller Skating Style Round in the National Freestyle Roller Skating Championship. Qin began her roller skating journey 2 the age of 6. And she 3 (support) by her parents greatly. They helped her sign up for the sport and she started to practice every day. Her parents think training too much might affect (影响) her schoolwork, 4 she had to train mostly at night. Also, she faced many 5 (challenge), including a serious fall which left her with a scar (伤疤). But she saw it as 6 symbol of personal growth. What’s more, she once fell down 7 (bad) in a competition,and felt embarrassed (尴尬的), but quickly that feeling went away and she stood up by 8 (her) again. Qin wanted to show wonderful Chinese 9 (tradition) culture to more people. Her clothes for competitions are well designed, too. “I hope 10 (be) an ambassador (大使) of Chinese culture.” she said. （二） For this month’s Young World magazine I interviewed 19-year-old Asian pop star Candy Wang. Candy told me that she used to be 1 (real) shy and took up singing to deal with her shyness. As she got better, she dared to sing in front of her class and then for the whole school. Now she’s not shy anymore and loves 2 (sing) in front of crowds. I asked Candy how life was different after she became famous. She explained that there are many good things, like being able to travel and 3 (meet) new people all the time. “I didn’t use to be popular in school but now I get 4 (ton) of attention everywhere I go. ” However, too much attention can also be 5 bad thing. “I always have to worry 6 how I appear to others, and I have to be very careful about what I say or do. And I don’t have 7 (many) private time anymore. Hanging out with friends is almost 8 (possible) now because there are always guards around me.” What does Candy have to say to all those young people 9 want to become famous? “Well,” she begins slowly, “you have to be prepared to give up your normal life. You can never imagine how difficult the road to success is. Many times I thought about giving up 10 I fought on. You really require a lot of talent and hard work to succeed. Only a very small number of people make it to the top. （三） For travelers, China in 1987 was a kind of place that could not be missed. In 1987, China was still using steam trains. Most people 1 (probable) didn’t think China could enter the age of the high-speed train in such a short time. It was 2 (nature) for people from many countries to feel surprised. Bruce Connolly, 3 photographer (摄影师) from Scotland, was one of them. He came to China in 1987. 4 then, he has traveled to many areas of China. He also has valued every important moment in his eyes by 5 (take) photos. During his travel in China, Connolly found China was different from what he saw in photos. In the early years of his journeys, most Chinese people used to feel strange 6 (see) foreigners, and avoided talking with them. But now, there are lots of foreigners living or traveling in 7 (this) big cities. They are 8 longer strange to Chinese.   Another great change for Connolly is the wide use of new technologies. High-technology products 9 (use) everywhere. People almost do everything with their smartphones. China has never given up and has become one of the 10 (strong) countries in the world. Chinese people have used their wisdom to tell the world that they are going to have a bright future. （四）    Welcome to the “Telling Chinese stories in English” column. Today, let’s share the Double Ninth Festival with you. The Double Ninth Festival, also named the Chongyang Festival, 1 (fall) on the ninth day of the ninth month of the Chinese lunar calendar. On this day, people would like 2 (drink) chrysanthemum (菊花) wine. The Chinese word for wine is Jiu, a similar 3 (pronounce) to the Chinese word for “long”, which means “forever”. Another special food for this festival is chrysanthemum cakes. 4 Chinese word for cake is Gao, a similar one to the Chinese word “high”, showing great progress. It is hard to say when these customs began. 5 there are many stories about the festival. As was recorded in a historical book, there lived a man named Huan Jing. He was learning the magic arts from Fei Changfang. One day, the two were climbing a mountain. Fei Changfang suddenly 6 (stop) and looked upset. He told Huan Jing, “On the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, a disaster(灾难) will come to your hometown. Remember to make a red bag 7 each of your family members. Then you must tie your bags to your arms, and leave for the top of a mountain. Most 8 (important), you must drink some chrysanthemum wine. Only by doing so can you be safe.” On hearing this, Huan Jing rushed home and asked his villagers to follow as his teacher said. When they got back home, they found all their animals dead, including dogs, sheep and 9 (chicken). Since then, climbing a mountain and drinking chrysanthemum wine became the 10 (tradition) activities of the Double Ninth Festival. （五） The Spring Festival is the most important traditional festival in China. It usually comes in January or February. Before the festival, families are busy 1 (prepare) for it. People clean their houses to “sweep away bad luck”. They also buy new clothes, food, and red decorations. Red is a lucky color in Chinese culture—it stands 2 happiness and good fortune. On New Year’s Eve, family members get together for 3 big dinner. Common dishes include dumplings, fish, and noodles. Dumplings look like gold ingots (金锭), so people eat them to wish for wealth. Fish means “surplus” in Chinese, which is a wish for a 4 (good) life. After dinner, families watch the Spring Festival Gala on TV. At midnight, many people set off fireworks 5 (welcome) the new year. On New Year’s Day, people visit 6 (they) relatives and friends. They give red envelopes with money inside to children, wishing them good luck. Children love the Spring Festival most 7 they can get red envelopes and play with their 8 (cousin). For most Chinese people, the Spring Festival is a time to be with family and celebrate together. It 9 (real) brings joy to everyone. I hope this tradition 10 (continue) for many years to come. （六） Recently, the topic of “premade food (预制菜) in school” 1 (cause) wide attention. All the parents are worried about the food safety (安全). And food safety is closely related to people’s health. A book named The Jungle 2 (write) by Upton Sinclair in 1906. It is about food safety. It is also about the dangerous ways that food was prepared. People used 3 (be) so worried about food safety that the government started testing food. 4 (Normal), most food in the world is safe. Laws control 5 food comes from. They also control how food is managed and prepared. Laws are important to keep our food safe. But it’s more important to make sure that the rules 6 (follow). A good food safety system keeps people safe. It helps 7 (they) to eat healthy food. 8 food safety systems usually work, there can be problems. Sometimes 9 (mistake) are made. For example, a truck might carry meat and then cakes. The cakes make people sick when the truck isn’t cleaned before carrying them. Sometimes companies break rules in order to make more money. We should take actions 10 (make) our food safer. （七） One lazy afternoon in a bookstore, I found an interesting book. It 1 (call) The Last Days of Old Beijing by a US writer Michael Meyer. The book name caught my eye and reminded 2 (I) of my home city, Beijing. Meyer’s writing brings us back to the old days of Beijing. In 2005, Meyer moved into 3 shared yard home in one of Beijing’s oldest neighborhoods, Dashilan, in one of its hutongs. There he 4 (teach) English at a local school. He knew more about Beijing by 5 (get) close to the local culture. Hutong is hugely important in Beijing culture. In the book, he describes the hutong and the shouts of street vendors (小贩) 6 a lively way that makes you feel like you are right there. Meyer saw great changes in the neighborhood. The old houses made way for high-rise buildings, shopping malls and other symbols of modern life. 7 some parts of old Beijing’s culture stayed strong in the face of rapid change. People still kept traditions like hanging “fu” and Spring Festival couplets. Meyer shows us how these traditional 8 (custom) helped people hold onto their roots as old buildings went away around them. The Last Days of Old Beijing showed new sides of the city I hadn’t seen before. How 9 (touch) it is when those small details of daily life in the old neighborhoods came to me! It made me think about how we can keep our traditions alive while also moving forward with changes. I wonder 10 you will like this book. If you have time, try reading to find the secret of Beijing. （八） The Buffett lunch is a charity auction (拍卖) beginning in 2000, where the bidder who offers the highest bid (出价) can have a lunch with Buffett. The profits from the auction will help support the Glide Foundation, a San Francisco-based charity organization 1 helps San Francisco’s most vulnerable (脆弱的) people, including   2 homeless. A Chinese cryptocurrency entrepreneur, Justin Sun Yuchen, founder of TRON and CEO of BitTorrent, has won the auction for this year’s Buffett lunch with a $4,567,888 bid, a record high since the lunch 3 (launch) 25 years ago. Billionaire investor Warren Buffett isn’t a fan of investing in cryptocurrencies, 4 (call) them “nonproductive assets”, an Associated Press (AP) report said. But Sun said in a telephone interview, “It is very common in investment circles 5 people change their minds. Investment opportunities are best 6 lots of people underestimate the technology.” As a response to the result of the auction, Buffett said in a statement 7 (provide) by his assistant, “I am delighted with the fact that Justin has won the lunch and am looking forward to 8 (meet) him and his friends.” 9 Warren Buffett’s charity lunch has been a hot ticket in Chinese business circles, with three Chinese people 10 (put) in winning bids during past auctions, some bidders have had capital chain problems or been put under investigation for alleged violations of securities laws and regulations in subsequent business activities, the report said. （九） On the morning of November 15, 2024, Wang Chunyan, a fruit farmer from Shuangyashan, Heilongjiang Province, called the 12345 hotline for help. Wang and her husband had planned to transport 1,500 kilos of apples in their truck to Hainan for sale. However, while passing through Changsha, they received (收到) the sad news of Wang’s husband’s father’s 1 (dead). They decided to get off the highway nearby. Wang’s husband parked the truck near Changqiao Park and went back home for the funeral (葬礼). Wang stayed in Changsha, trying to sell the apples by 2 (she). Wang had no sales channels (路径). She couldn’t set up a stall (摊位) because the truck was parked near a school and people were not allowed 3 (set) up stalls around the school. And Wang couldn’t move the truck either, because she didn’t have 4 driver’s license (证件). She just stood by the truck and tried her best to sell the apples, 5 few people showed interest. Wang was very worried and didn’t know what to do. A stranger suggested calling the 12345 hotline. With little hope, Wang did so. A community worker 6 (quick) arrived and helped move the truck to a market. Wang began selling the apples there, and soon several community 7 (member) joined to help. After community worker Su Ding shared Wang’s situation online, more people came to buy the apples. With the help of the community workers, all the 1,500 kilos of apples were sold 8 within a few days. On November 25, Wang’s husband 9 (return) from the funeral. He 10 (touch) by the community’s support (支持), saying, “Changsha is the hometown of Lei Feng; you are all living Lei Fengs!” （十） Among all the teahouses in the world, most are in Sichuan, and among those in Sichuan, most are in Chengdu. In Chengdu, there are as many teahouses as leaves in a cup of tea. Teahouses are really a 1 (wonder) part of life for common people in Chengdu. Sometimes, the teahouses can be very crowded, 2 it doesn’t stop people from coming. In a busy life, 3 (find) a quiet place to drink tea is better than staying at home. The teahouses usually offer different kinds of tea to customers. Most local people even bring 4 (they) own tea leaves with them. They can spend 5 pleasant afternoon talking with friends and enjoying the peaceful life. Besides, people can also watch traditional performances, such as Sichuan opera or folk music. These performances allow people to experience the rich local culture 6 ( direct). What’s more, the cost of having a cup of tea in the teahouse is not high. So teahouses are popular 7 people. The teahouse is one of the 8 (symbol) of Chengdu. It 9 (show) the special lifestyle of people in this area. If you want to experience the local culture, visiting teahouses will be the 10 (good) choice for you. I am sure you will like it. 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $