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Unit1 语法讲解--被动语态
1. 主动语态和被动语态
英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词表示的动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动词表示的动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。
被动语态的谓语由“助动词 be + 及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词 be 有人称、时态和数的变化。- We speak Chinese. 我们说汉语。(主动语态)
- Chinese is spoken by us. 汉语被我们说。(被动语态)
2. 被动语态的用法
当说话者不知道动作的执行者或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,只需要强调动作的承受者,可以使用被动语态。需要在被动语态中指出动作的执行者时可用介词by引出。
Chinese is spoken by the largest number of people in the world.
汉语是世界上使用人数最多的语言。
3. 一般现在时的主动语态改写成被动语态的方法
将主动句的宾语变成主语,将主动句的谓语变成“be + 及物动词的过去分词”,将主动句的主语变成被动句中by的宾语(或省略)。
主动句:主语 + 谓语 + 宾语
被动句:主语 + be + 及物动词的过去分词 + by + 宾语
Many students play football.
主语 谓语 宾语
Football is played by many students.
许多学生踢足球。
注意:如果主动句中有两个宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语),可以把其中任意一个变为被动句的主语。
My teacher gives me a lot of books. (主动语态)
主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
我的老师给我许多书。
被动语态:
I am given a lot of books by my teacher.
A lot of books are given to me by my teacher.
助记
主动语态变被动语态的方法
宾语提前成主语,时态人称be体现;
be后见过去分词,by来把原主连;
主动语态变被动,时态根本不用变。
4. 一般现在时的被动语态
一般现在时的被动语态结构: am/is/are + 及物动词的过去分词 。
(1) 肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + 及物动词的过去分词(+ by + 动作执行者)。
Bikes are sold in that shop.
自行车在那家商店出售。
(2) 否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not + 及物动词的过去分词(+ by + 动作执行者)。
Bikes are not sold in that shop.
自行车不在那家商店出售。
(3) 一般疑问句: Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 及物动词的过去分词(+ by + 动作执行者)?
— Are bikes sold in that shop?
自行车在那家商店出售吗?
— Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
对,是的。/ 不,不是。
(4) 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 及物动词的过去分词(+ by + 动作执行者)?
Where are bikes sold?
自行车在哪里出售?
5. 一般将来时的被动语态
一般将来时的被动语态的结构: will be + 及物动词的过去分词 / be going to be + 及物动词的过去分词
(1) 肯定句:
主语 + {will / be going to} + be + 及物动词的过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者).
The apple trees will be planted by us tomorrow. 明天苹果树将由我们种植。
The sports meeting is going to be held next week. 运动会将在下周举行。
(2) 否定句:
主语 + {will not / be not going to} + be + 及物动词的过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者).
The apple trees will not be planted by us tomorrow.
明天苹果树将不由我们来种植。
The sports meeting isn't going to be held next week. 运动会将不在下周举行。
(3) 一般疑问句:
Will + 主语 + be + 及物动词的过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者)?
Be + 主语 + going to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者)?
Will the apple trees be planted by us tomorrow?
明天苹果树将由我们种植吗?
Is the sports meeting going to be held next week? 运动会将在下周举行吗?
(4) 特殊疑问句
疑问词 + will + 主语 + be + 及物动词的过去分词(+ by + 动作执行者)?
疑问词 + be(am/is/are) + 主语 + going to + be + 及物动词的过去分词(+ by + 动作执行者)?
When will the meeting be held?
这个会议将何时被举行?
How are the old books going to be recycled by the students?
这些旧书将被学生们如何回收?
真题链接
(1)(2025·天津中考)
Chinese ______ by more and more people from foreign countries today.
A. speaks
B. spoke
C. is spoken
D. will speak
解析 我们可用“语法分析法”解答此题。主语Chinese(汉语)和speak(说)之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;根据时间状语today可知,时态是一般现在时,一般现在时的被动语态的谓语结构为“am/is/are + 及物动词的过去分词”。故选C。
答案 C
(2)(2025·黑龙江龙东中考)科学技术 AI tools ______ in more fields in the future.
A. is used
B. will be used
C. are used
解析 我们可用“关键信息法”解答此题。根据 in the future 可知该句是一般将来时态,排除A、C两项;此处表示人工智能工具未来将被使用,应用一般将来时的被动语态,其谓语结构为“will + be done”。故选B。句意:将来,人工智能工具将被用于更多的领域。
答案 B
被动语态练习题
1. (2025天津中考) A lot of birds ______ in nature parks every year.
A. protect
B. is protected
C. are protected
D. protected
2. (2025河北中考) — Mmm... Delicious. What is it?
— It ______ zongzi, Tony. It's a traditional food in China.
A. calls
B. is called
C. called
D. was called
3. The tea in Yunnan is so famous that it ______ to places across the world every day.
A. sends
B. sent
C. is sent
D. will be sent
4. — Mr Wang is very famous in our school.
— That's for sure. He ______ by reporters tomorrow.
A. interviews
B. will be interviewed
C. is interviewed
D. interviewed
5. Our plan to have a graduation ceremony ______ in the next class meeting.
A. was discussed
B. will discuss
C. will be discussed
D. is discussed
答案 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.C
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