专题03 非谓语动词：多面手演员，演绎非核心角色（复习讲义）（湖南专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦非谓语动词专题，覆盖to do不定式、动名词doing、分词doing&done三大核心考点，对应中考要求的作宾语、宾补、状语、定语等功能。通过考情剖析明确命题趋势，思维导图构建知识网络，考点通关分功能解析用法，配合解题锦囊突破易错点，真题训练融入2023-2025年湖南中考题，形成“考点梳理-方法指导-真题演练”的系统复习流程。 亮点在于“四步解题法”和语境化训练策略，如用“主动进行-ing，被动完成用-ed”速记口诀强化分词用法，设计“悬垂分词”对比练习培养思维品质，结合“疑问词+不定式”等高频考点设计分层练习。配套动词形式转换、语法填空等题型，教师可通过即时反馈调整节奏，帮助学生高效突破非谓语动词难点，提升语言运用能力和应考效率。

专题03 非谓语动词 目录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 4 03 考点通关·靶向突破 5 ★ 考点一 非谓语动词to do 5 ★ 考点二 动名词doing 8 ★ 考点三 分词doing&done 12 04 优题精选·练能提分 15 考点 课标要求 复习目标 解题锦囊与易错点 动词不定式 ➢ 掌握动词不定式的基本形式（to do）及否定形式（not to do）。 ➢ 掌握其在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语等成分的用法。 1. 掌握核心功能：作宾语、宾补、目的状语和定语。 2. 熟记固定搭配：后接不定式作宾语的动词及“疑问词+不定式”结构。 3. 辨别省略to的情况。 解题锦囊： 1. 作目的状语是最常见考点之一，看到中文“为了…”，优先考虑用 to do。 2. 作定语修饰名词时，表示“要…的”，如 something to eat。 易错点：1. 使役/感官动词后作宾补：主动语态中省略to（make sb. do），但在被动语态中必须还原to（be made to do）。 2. 固定搭配误用：后接不定式的常见动词需专门记忆，如 decide to do, hope to do，勿与动名词搭配混淆。 动名词 ➢ 掌握动名词的基本形式（-ing）及否定形式（not doing）。 ➢ 掌握其在句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分的用法。 1. 掌握核心功能：作动词宾语和介词宾语。 2. 熟记固定搭配：后接动名词的动词及短语。 3. 辨析与不定式的区别。 解题锦囊：作介词宾语是绝对高频考点，看到介词（in, at, for, of, without等）或动词短语（look forward to），后面动词必用动名词（-ing）。 易错点：1. to的陷阱：to在短语中作介词时，后接动名词（如 be used to doing, pay attention to doing）。 2. 意义混淆：牢记 remember/forget/stop/try 等动词后接 to do 与 doing 的意义区别（remember to do 记得要做某事，remember doing 记得做过某事）。 分词（现在/过去分词） ➢ 掌握现在分词（-ing）与过去分词（-ed）的基本形式和概念区别。 ➢ 掌握其在句中作定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语等成分的用法。 1. 掌握核心区别：“主动/进行→-ing；被动/完成→-ed”。 2. 掌握核心功能：作定语、宾补、状语及表语。 3. 辨析易混点。 解题锦囊： 1. 作定语：看与被修饰名词的关系——主动/进行用 -ing，被动/完成用 -ed（a boring book, a bored reader）。 2. 作状语：判断其逻辑主语与主句主语的关系——主动用 -ing，被动用 -ed（Seeing from the hill... 错误，因为see与逻辑主语应为被动，应改为 Seen...）。 易错点： 1. -ed与被动语态混淆：作表语或定语的 -ed 分词强调状态，被动语态强调动作。但形式可能相同，需根据语境判断。 2. 悬垂分词：分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，否则即为错误。 命题预测 结合核心素养与中考新趋势： 1. 语境化考查：在语篇中根据句意和逻辑选择恰当形式。 2. 综合化考查：与时态语态等结合考查（如 to be done）。 3. 聚焦高频核心：考查不定式作目的状语、动名词作介词宾语、分词作定语等基础高频考点。 注意事项：未来命题将更侧重在完整语境中判断非谓语的功能，而不仅是记忆规则。需提升通过上下文判断“目的”、“原因”、“被动”等逻辑关系的能力。 综合解题步骤 解题锦囊（四步法）： 1. 判谓语：确定句中已有谓语动词，则其他动词需考虑非谓语形式。 2. 找搭配：空格前如有特定动词、介词或短语（如 enjoy, look forward to, it is adj.），优先根据固定搭配选择（doing 或 to do）。 3. 析关系：若无固定搭配，分析动作与逻辑主语的主被动关系或动作的发生状态（主动/进行用 -ing，被动/完成用 -ed；表目的或将来用 to do）。 4. 验逻辑：尤其对于分词作状语，检查其逻辑主语是否与主句主语一致，避免“悬垂”错误。 通用易错点： 1. 忘记主句已有谓语：一个简单句不能有两个谓语，第二个动词必须处理为非谓语。 2. 混淆to do与doing的基本概念：to do常表目的、将来或一次性具体动作；doing常表习惯、正在进行的动作或抽象概念。 考点一 to do 不定式 功能分类 具体用法与位置 例词/例句 特别注意/易错点/锦囊妙计 作宾语 位于及物动词之后，作动作的承受者。 常接不定式作宾语的动词：want, hope, decide, plan, agree, promise, refuse, learn, choose, afford, fail, manage 等。 例句：He hopes to become a doctor. ⚠️ 速记口诀：“想要决定希望，同意计划拒绝；学会选择负担，未能管理承诺。” ✅ 方法：记住这些核心动词列表是解题关键。 作宾语补足语 位于 “动词 + 宾语” 之后，补充说明宾语的动作或状态。 常接不定式作宾补的动词：ask, tell, want, invite, wish, encourage, allow, teach, order, warn 等。 例句：My parents asked me to study hard. ⚠️ 易错点（高频）：使役动词 make, let, have 和感官动词 see, hear, watch, feel, notice 后，作宾补的不定式要省略to。 例句：The boss made him work all night. / I saw her enter the room. ✅ 锦囊妙计：“使动感官后省to，被动语态to回头”。在主动语态中省略to，但变为被动语态时必须加上。例：He was made to work all night. 作目的状语 位于句中，表示动作的目的，可置于句首或句末。 例句：He got up early to catch the early bus. / To keep healthy, she exercises every day. ✅ 方法技巧：看到中文“为了…”、“以便…”，或在句子中可以加上“in order to”，优先考虑用不定式作目的状语。 作定语 位于被修饰的名词或代词之后，表示“要…的”。 常修饰以下名词：way, time, chance, right, something, anything, nothing 等。 例句：I have something important to tell you. / It‘s time to go to bed. ⚠️ 特别提醒：不定式作定语时，与所修饰的名词常构成动宾关系（如 something to eat，eat something）。 如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，需加上必要的介词。例：He needs a room to live in. 作主语 位于句首，作谓语动作的发出者。 例句：To learn a foreign language is not easy. ⚠️ 常考句型：为了避免“头重脚轻”，常用 It 作形式主语，把不定式后置。 句型：It is + adj. (easy, important, difficult…) + (for sb.) + to do sth. 例句：It is important for us to protect the environment. 疑问词 + 不定式 结构：what/how/when/where/which + to do，在句中作宾语、主语或表语，相当于一个名词性从句。 作宾语：I don‘t know what to do next. 作主语：How to solve the problem is the key. ✅ 方法技巧：此结构是简化宾语从句的常用方式。当主从句主语一致时，常可转换。 例：I don’t know what I should do. = I don‘t know what to do. 7. 不定式的否定式 结构：not to do 或 never to do。 例句：The teacher told us not to be late. / He promised never to lie again. ⚠️ 易错点：否定词 not 或 never 必须放在 to 之前。 【应试技巧】 第一步：判成分，找标志 看空格前是否有要求接 to do 的固定动词（如 want, decide）、形容词（如 easy, important）或名词（如 way, time）。有，则优先考虑不定式。 第二步：析关系，看主语 如果空格前是使役/感官动词，分析是主动还是被动语态。主动省to，被动加to。 如果空格需要表示“目的”，果断用 to do。 第三步：验逻辑，查形式 检查不定式与修饰名词的关系，是否需要被动（to be done）或完成（to have done）形式。最后确认否定词 not 的位置是否正确。 1．（2025·湖南省卷）The rulers of Jijiaocheng asked the people ________ (cut) down trees in the mountains. 【答案】to cut 【解析】句意：极交城的统治者要求人们砍伐山上的树木。根据“asked the people”可知，ask sb to do sth为固定搭配，表示“要求某人做某事”。故填to cut。 2．（2025·湖南长沙卷）Even today, students are encouraged ________ (read) The Analects of Confucius (《论语》). 【答案】to read 【解析】句意：即使在今天，学生们仍被鼓励阅读《论语》这部著作。be encouraged to do sth“被鼓励去做某事”，故填to read。 3．（2024·湖南省卷）The quality（品质）was good，but I wanted to do something different, so I decided． 　(have) a different menu. 【答案】to have 【解析】句意： 但我想做点不同的事情，所以我决定提供不同的菜单。have，有，动词。固定短语，decide to do sth.决定做某事。have 的不定式是to have。故填to have。 4．（2024·湖南长沙卷）Orchids (兰花) come in many colors, but many people like purple and red ones for Chinese New Year. They are believed 　 　 (represent) love and beauty. 【答案】to represent 【解析】人们认为它们代表着爱和美。be believed to do sth间为"被相信做某事"，represent代表，动词，故填to represent。 5．（25-26·湖南株洲二中月考） Rui thought I might refuse         (try) the food in the red pepper oil side, but the spicy taste was so fine that I ate and ate until the restaurant was almost closed. 【答案】to try 【解析】句意:Rui认为我可能会拒绝尝试红辣椒油那边的食物。refuse后接动词不定式，构成"refuse to do sth”结构，意为“拒绝做某事”。故填to try。 6．（25-26·长沙市湘郡培粹实验中学期中）The league’s saying is “Fight for City Honor (荣誉)”. Many people come           (cheer) for their hometown teams.  【答案】to cheer 【解析】句意： 许多人来为他们的家乡队加油。根据"Many people come. .for their hometown teams”可知，此处表示目的，即人们来是为了为家乡队加油，故用动词不定式to cheer作目的状语。故填to cheer. 7．（25-26·湘潭市岳塘区湘钢一中教育集团月考）One day he told his teacher he wanted to leave the school. His teacher advised his parents          (talk) with their son in person.  【答案】to talk 【解析】句意：他的老师建议他的父母亲自和他们的儿子谈谈。“advise sb.to do sth.”是固定短语，意为“建议某人做某事”此处应用动词不定式to talk作宾语补足语。故填to talk。 考点二 动名词 doing 功能分类 具体用法与位置 例词/例句 特别注意/易错点/锦囊妙计 作动词宾语 位于及物动词之后，作动作的对象。 必须接动名词作宾语的动词/短语：enjoy, finish, practice, mind, avoid, suggest, consider, keep, imagine, risk, feel like, give up, can‘t help, be worth, be busy 等。 例句：He enjoys playing basketball. / It’s worth reading. ⚠️ 速记口诀（部分）：“喜欢享受不介意，完成练习忙避免；建议考虑要放弃，不禁想象值冒险。” ✅ 锦囊：遇到这些动词，直接选 doing。 作介词宾语 位于介词之后，构成介词短语。 例句：He is good at speaking English. / Thank you for helping me. / She left without saying goodbye. ⚠️ 易错点（高频）： 1. “to”的陷阱：在短语中的“to”是介词，后接 doing。常见短语：look forward to, be used to, pay attention to, devote to, lead to。 2. 固定句型：How/What about doing…? (提建议) / have difficulty (in) doing。 作主语 位于句首，作谓语动作的发出者。 例句：Getting up early is good for health. ⚠️ 特别提醒：动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 ✅ 常用句型：It‘s no use/good doing… (做…没用/不好) 作表语 位于系动词之后，说明主语是什么。 例句：Her job is teaching English. ✅ 判断技巧：常可与主语互换位置而逻辑不变（Teaching English is her job.）。 重点辨析：动词+ doing vs. + to do 部分动词后接两者意义不同，是绝对高频考点。 remember/forget/regret： + doing：记得/忘记/后悔做过的事 (已发生)。 + to do：记得/忘记/遗憾要去做的事 (未发生)。 stop：+ doing：停止正在做的事。+ to do：停下来去做另一件事。 try：+ doing：尝试做某事 (看效果)。+ to do：努力、试图做某事。 go on：+ doing：继续做同一件事。+ to do：接着做另一件事。 ⚠️ 黄金法则：区分动作的 “已发生” 与 “未发生”，以及 “同一件事” 与 “另一件事”。通过句子的时间状语或上下文逻辑判断。 【应试技巧】 动名词核心应试“三步法” 第一步：优先寻找“信号词”，直接锁定 doing——这是最快、最准确的方法。做题时，首先扫描空格前的内容，寻找以下两类“信号词”： 1. 特定动词后：如果空格前是 enjoy, finish, practice, mind, avoid, suggest, consider, keep, imagine, risk 等动词，直接选 doing。 2. 介词后：如果空格前是 任何介词（at, in, on, for, of, about, without, by 等） 或 含有介词的短语（如 look forward to, be good at, be used to, pay attention to），直接选 doing。 关键口诀：“介后动名” —— 介词后面永远接动名词（doing）。这里的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号！ 第二步：若无信号词，分析句子成分——如果第一步没有找到明显的信号词，那就分析空格部分在句中充当的成分： 作主语：当句子缺少主语，且表达一个习惯性或抽象的概念时，通常用 doing。 例：______ (Swim) is good for health. 作表语：位于系动词（如 is, am, are）后，说明主语“是什么”时，可用 doing。 例：His hobby is ______ (collect) stamps. 第三步：重点攻克“易混动词”，辨析意义——这是最易错的部分！有几个动词后接 to do 和 doing 意思截然不同，必须根据句意判断： remember / forget / regret/stop/try 黄金法则：区分动作的 “已发生” 与 “未发生”。 两个必须警惕的“考试陷阱” “to”的陷阱：在 look forward to（盼望）， be used to（习惯于）， pay attention to（注意）等短语中，to 是介词，后面必须接 doing。 “主谓一致”陷阱：动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词要用 单数。 例：Reading books ______ (make) us wise. （这里填 makes） 终极解题口诀: “动后动名需特记，介后动名是铁律。作主作表看成分，易混动词辨意义。 1．（2023·湖南长沙卷）The date and a greeting (问候语) such as "Dear…" should be at the top of the letter. A closing such as "Love" or "Yours truly" needs to follow the body. End it by 　 　 (sign) it. 【答案】signing 【解析】句意：日期和问候语（问候语）如“亲爱的......”应该在信的顶部。像“爱”或“Yours truly”这样的结尾需要跟随主体。通过签名来结束它。sign签名，动词。根据空格后by，通过，是介词，其后加动名词作宾语，故填signing。 2．（2023·湖南岳阳卷）In order to become professional traffic volunteers, parents are supposed to learn how to give directions to students and stop them from ________ （play）soccer on the road. 【答案】playing 【解析】句意： 为了成为专业的交通志愿者，父母应该学会如何给学生指路，阻止他们在路上踢足球。根据“stop them from...soccer on the road”可知，此处是play soccer短语，意为“踢足球”，from是介词，其后加动名词作宾语。故填playing。 3．（25-26·湘潭市湘钢二中初中部期中）With the use of certain technologies, teachers can write their teaching contents (内容) and the students can reply by         (write) in the national language teaching course.  【答案】writing 【解析】句意: 句意:在国家语言教学课程中，教师可以通过一定的技术手段写出自己的教学内容，学生可以通过书面形式回复。by+动词ing表示“通过什么方式”，故填writing。 4．（25-26·湖南长沙北雅中学·月考） The best way to     quickly    (quick) improve English is to spend at least a few minutes         (practice) every day. 【答案】practicing 【解析】句意:快速提升英语水平的最佳方法是每天至少花几分钟练习。固定短语spend+ 时间+(in) doing sth.，表示“花费时间做某事”，其中in可省略，后面需接动名词形式;practice的动名词形式为practicing。故填practicing。 5．（2025·湖南长沙市麓山国际实验学校中考模拟） On December 7th, local time, the church officially reopened. The           (open) ceremony (仪式) was set to take place outside the church, but bad weather forced it to be moved inside.  【答案】opening 【解析】句意: 句意:重新开放的仪式原定在教堂外举行。此处需用名词作定语修饰ceremony。opening ceremony是固定搭配，意为“开幕故填opening. 考点三 分词doing & done 功能分类 具体用法与位置 例词/例句 特别注意/易错点/锦囊妙计 核心概念与区分 现在分词 (doing)：表主动或正在进行。 过去分词 (done)：表被动或已完成。 原理例句： a developing country (发展中国家，主动发展) a developed country (发达国家，已完成发展) ⚠️ 速记口诀：“主动进行-ing，被动完成用-ed。” ✅ 解题根本：遇到分词题，第一步永远是分析 “主动还是被动？”。 作定语 单个分词：常置于名词前。 分词短语：常置于名词后，相当于一个定语从句。 前置：a sleeping baby (正在睡觉的婴儿)， a broken window (被打破的窗户) 后置：The man standing there is my father. (主动) / The book written by him is popular. (被动) ⚠️ 易混点： 1. -ing形容词：描述事物特性（令人…的），如 a boring class。 2. -ed形容词：描述人的感受（感到…的），如 a bored student。 ✅ 技巧：修饰“物”且表特性用 -ing；修饰“人”且表感受用 -ed。 3. 作宾语补足语 位于“动词+宾语”之后，补充说明宾语的状态。主要用于感官动词和使役动词后。 感官动词 (see, hear, watch, notice, feel)： + doing：强调动作正在发生。 + done：强调动作被完成的状态。 例句：I heard someone singing in the next room. (听见正在唱) I saw the window broken. (看见被打破的状态) ⚠️ 与不定式宾补区别：感官动词后接 do (省略to的不定式) 表示动作全过程已结束。例：I saw him cross the street. (我看见他过了马路，强调全过程) 作状语 位于句首或句末，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。 表原因：Being ill, he didn‘t go to school. (因为生病) 表伴随：She sat by the window, thinking deeply. (坐着的同时在思考) 表条件：Given more time, I can do it better. (如果被给予更多时间) ⚠️ 中考高频难点 & 易错点：悬垂分词 (Dangling Participle)。 错误示例：Walking in the park, a bird was singing. (“走”的逻辑主语是“鸟”，不合理) ✅ 黄金法则：作状语的分词，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致。做题时先找主句主语，判断它能否执行分词的动作。 作表语 位于系动词之后，表示主语的性质或状态。 现在分词：说明主语特性，常修饰物。The movie is exciting. (电影令人兴奋) 过去分词：说明主语状态，常修饰人。We are excited. (我们感到兴奋) ⚠️ 与进行时、被动语态区分：形式相似，但功能不同。 表语：表示状态 (系动词+分词)。 进行时：表示动作 (be+doing)。 被动语态：表示动作 (be+done)。需根据语境判断。 【应试技巧】 分词核心应试“四步法” 第一步：判成分，找提示——首先判断分词在句中的成分，不同成分有不同思考路径： 1. 作定语（修饰名词）：这是高频考点。看分词是放在名词前面（单个分词）还是后面（分词短语）。 2. 作状语（修饰整个句子）：这是难点和易错点。分词常位于句首或句末，用逗号隔开。 3. 作宾补（在感官/使役动词后）：看空格前是否有 see, hear, watch, find, have, get 等动词。 第二步：析关系，定主动被动——这是决定用 -ing 还是 -ed 的唯一标准。在心中问两个问题： 分词与所修饰的名词（或句子的主语）是 主动关系（名词能自己发出这个动作）吗？ → 选 -ing (doing)。 是 被动关系（名词是动作的承受者）吗？ → 选 -ed (done)。 核心口诀：“主动进行-ing，被动完成用-ed。” 第三步：对不同成分应用核心关系 1. 作定语时： 看被修饰的名词。如：a developing country (国家自己发展 → 主动)。 看分词短语中的动词与名词关系。如：The man called Tom is my friend. (Tom被叫做 → 被动)。 2. 作状语时（重中之重）： 先找到主句的主语。判断这个主语与分词动作的关系。 ⚠️ 必须检查逻辑主语是否一致！ 这是“悬垂分词”错误的根源。 正确：Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful. (城市“被”看 → 被动，用Seen) 错误：Seeing from the hill, the city looks beautiful. (城市不能主动“看”，逻辑错误) 第四步：作宾补时，看状态与进行 在感官/使役动词后：强调动作 正在进行或主动进行 → 用 -ing。例：I heard her singing in the room. 强调动作 已完成或被动状态 → 用 -ed。例：I found the door locked. 两类高频易错点与破解口诀 -ing/-ed 形容词化： -ing 形容 “物” 的特性（令人…的）：a boring book。-ed 形容 “人” 的感受（感到…的）：a bored reader。 破解口诀：“物-ing，人-ed”。 “悬垂分词”陷阱： 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，否则即为错误。 破解方法：在分词状语前，默念“因为/当…的时候，主语…”，检查是否合理。 1．（2023·湖南衡阳卷）Right now, Tech-Help is giving smart TV sets to families in Xinjiang. There are about 50 families on the 　 　 (wait) list. 【答案】waiting 【解析】句意：等待者的名单上大约有50个家庭。修饰名词list作定语，表示正在进行的动作，用现在分词作定语，故填waiting。 2．（2024·湖南怀化·一模改编）Nowadays, people can get more information about the goods through the QR code (二维码) ________ （print）on the card. 【答案】printed 【解析】句意： 如今，人们可以通过印在卡片上的二维码获得更多的商品信息。考查非谓语。根据"the QR code(二维码).. on the card.”可知，the QR code与print之间是动宾关系，且本句不缺少谓语，因此用过去分词作定语，修饰the QR code。 3．（2024·湖南衡阳八中教育集团直选生改编）________ （order）over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now. 【答案】Ordered 【解析】句意:这些书是一周前订购的，预计现在随时都会到货。考查非谓语动词。根据"….over a week ago, the books are expected to arive any time now,”可知，order与迈辑主语the books之间为被动关系，且动作已经完成。 4．（25-26九年级上·广东江门·期中改编） ________ （finish）the homework, he went to help his mother with the housework. 【答案】Having finished 【解析】句意:完成作业后，他去帮助他的妈妈做家务。考查现在分词作状语。根据句意，“完成作业”发生在“帮助妈妈”之前，强调先后顺序，现在分词的完成式(Having finished) 表示动作在主句动作之前完成。 一、写出下列动词的现在分词&过去分词形式 原形 (Base Form) 现在分词 (Present Participle) 过去分词 (Past Participle) be (am/is/are) being been begin beginning begun break breaking broken bring bringing brought build building built buy buying bought catch catching caught choose choosing chosen come coming come do doing done drink drinking drunk eat eating eaten feel feeling felt find finding found get getting got give giving given go going gone make making made see seeing seen write writing written 二、语法填空 （一） Andre Penovac, a Serbian artist, has always been interested in the world of colors and the magic they create on paper. His journey as 1 artist began with watercolors. But it made a great change in the 1980s. One day he was introduced to the ancient art of Chinese ink (墨水) painting at an exhibition in Zagreb, Croatia. He was amazed (震惊于) by how much these black and white paintings could show with just a few lines and 2 (shape). This experience helped 3 (he) decide to learn this new painting skill. Penovac started by studying the works of Chinese artists, books about Chinese ink painting and practicing 4 (use) ink and water. It was difficult at 5 (one), but he didn’t give up. To better his skills, he spent countless hours practicing. Day by day, his works were much 6 (beautiful) than before. His paintings of cats, chickens and pandas in Chinese ink style are 7 (true) lifelike. People started to notice his works and they’re surprised that a foreigner can paint so well in the Chinese style (风格). Today, Penovac is known 8 a Serbian artist who paints beautiful Chinese ink paintings. Penovac’s story is one of cultural communication and growth of art. It also 9 (show) that it’s always hard to learn something new, especially things from another culture. However, if one loves it and works hard, he 10 she can learn it well. Penovac stands as a bridge between two worlds, a Serbian artist who has found a home in the ancient art of Chinese ink painting. 【答案】 1．an 2．shapes 3．him 4．using 5．first 6．more beautiful 7．truly 8．as 9．shows 10．or 【导语】本文讲述了塞尔维亚艺术家Andre Penovac如何从水彩画转向中国水墨画，并通过刻苦练习最终掌握这一传统技艺的故事，展现了跨文化艺术交流的魅力与坚持的力量。 1．句意：他作为一名艺术家的旅程始于水彩画。此空用于可数名词“artist”前，泛指一名艺术家，应用不定冠词，且“artist”以元音音素开头，应用“an”。故填an。 2．句意：他对这些仅用几笔线条和形状就能展现的黑白画作感到震惊。此空前有“a few”修饰，名词shape“形状”应变为复数形式“shapes”。故填shapes。 3．句意：这次经历帮助他决定学习这项新绘画技能。此空位于动词“help”后作宾语，应用代词“he”的宾格形式him“他”。故填him。 4．句意：Penovac通过研究中国艺术家的作品、阅读中国水墨画书籍并练习使用墨和水来开始提高技艺。“practice”后应用动名词作宾语，因此动词use“使用”需变为动名词“using”。故填using。 5．句意：起初很困难，但他没有放弃。短语“at first”表示“起初”，因此此处应用“one”的序数词first“第一”。故填first。 6．句意：一天天过去，他的作品比以前美很多。根据“than”可知此处应用beautiful“美丽的”的比较级“more beautiful”。故填more beautiful。 7．句意：他的水墨风格猫、鸡和熊猫画作非常逼真。此空修饰形容词“lifelike”，应用“true”的副词truly“真正地”。故填truly。 8．句意：如今，Penovac以塞尔维亚水墨画家的身份闻名。根据“Penovac is known…a Serbian artist”可知此处应用“as”，be known as“作为……而闻名”。故填as。 9．句意：这也表明学习新事物总是困难的。根据上下文语境可知此句应用一般现在时，主语“It”为第三人称单数，动词“show”需用第三人称单数形式“shows”。故填shows。 10．句意：但如果热爱并努力，他或她就能学好。根据“he…she can learn it well”可知此处表示选择关系，应用连词or“或者”连接。故填or。 （二） Chinese music is 1 (difference) from music in other parts of the world. To show its 2 (beautiful), only Chinese musical instruments can be divided into eight classes by the materials they are made from. There are reeds (芦苇) and gourds (葫芦) to make sheng, bamboo to make panpipes (排箫), silk to make zithers (筝), metal to make bells and skin to make drums. These musical instruments make Chinese folk music 3 (strange) beautiful. There is 4 piece of music which is named High Mountains and Flowing Streams. From this name, you can imagine a harmonious (和谐的) picture with green 5 (mountain) and clear streams quietly passing by 6 (you) feet. The music is 7 (play) on the Guzheng. High Mountains and Flowing Streams is the treasure of Chinese music. The music is slow and quiet. It is a song in praise of the life-long friendship 8 the music masters Bo Ya and Zhong Ziqi. The story behind the music tells us that it is not easy for one to find a true friend who can share everything 9 understand every feeling of the other. People can feel the strength from this piece of music when looking at the imposing (壮观的) mountains and 10 (run) stream water. It is also a full show of great skills. I hope everyone can enjoy Chinese music. 【答案】 1．different 2．beauty 3．strangely 4．a 5．mountains 6．your 7．played 8．between 9．and 10．running 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国音乐的独特之处，包括乐器的分类、名曲《高山流水》及其背后的故事，展现了中国音乐的美感和文化内涵。 1．句意：中国音乐与世界其他地区的音乐不同。此处需用形容词作表语，difference的形容词形式为different，构成“be different from”固定搭配。故填different。 2．句意：为了展示它的美，只有中国乐器可以按制作材料分为八类。形容词性物主代词its后需接名词，beautiful的名词形式为beauty。故填beauty。 3．句意：这些乐器使中国民间音乐奇妙地美丽。修饰形容词beautiful需用副词，strange的副词形式为strangely。故填strangely。 4．句意：有一首名为《高山流水》的音乐。泛指“一首音乐”用不定冠词a，piece以辅音音素开头。故填a。 5．句意：从这个名字中，你可以想象出一幅和谐的画面：青山叠翠，清澈的溪流静静地从你脚边流过。mountain为可数名词，根据“and clear streams”可知，and前后一致，需用复数形式表示泛指。故填mountains。 6．句意：从这个名字中，你可以想象出一幅和谐的画面：青山叠翠，清澈的溪流静静地从你脚边流过。feet前需用形容词性物主代词your表示“你的”。故填your。 7．句意：这首音乐是用古筝演奏的。play与music构成被动关系，此处为一般现在时的被动语态，需用过去分词played。故填played。 8．句意：这是一首赞颂音乐大师伯牙与钟子期之间终生友谊的乐曲。表示“两者之间”用介词between。故填between。 9．句意：找到一个能分享一切并理解对方所有感受的真正朋友并不容易。share与understand为并列动作，用and连接。故填and。 10．句意：当人们看着壮丽的高山和奔流的溪水时，能感受到这首音乐的力量。running作定语修饰stream water，表示“流动的”。故填running。 （三） In ancient times, people used to pick fruit from the trees to survive. However, with the increasing population, there was not enough food to go around. Many people were 1 (hunger) and they didn’t know what to do. Fu Xi, as the leader of his people, was responsible, hard-working 2 smart. He tried to think of ways to solve 3 problem. He noticed there were fish in the sea, which might be good for people to eat. But it was hard to catch 4 (they). One day, Fu Xi 5 (accidental) got inspiration from a spider web. He made a fishing net with vines to catch fish. When Fu Xi led his people to the seaside, they saw a turtle. It was sent 6 the Dragon King, the god of rain to warn them that they were not allowed to catch fish with their hands. Fu Xi agreed and 7 (bring) out his fishing net. He taught people 8 (throw) the net into the sea. Soon, they got a lot of fish and shrimps. Everyone was so happy that they showed thanks to Fu Xi. After that, more and more people learned to make fishing 9 (net) and catch fish. There was enough food to eat for all thanks to Fu Xi, the 10 (invent) of the fishing net. 【答案】 1．hungry 2．and 3．the 4．them 5．accidentally 6．by 7．brought 8．to throw 9．nets 10．inventor 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了伏羲从蜘蛛网中得到灵感，用葡萄藤做渔网捕鱼的故事。 1．句意：许多人很饥饿，但不知道做什么。were后接形容词作表语，hunger的形容词形式为hungry，意为“饥饿的”。故填hungry。 2．句意：作为部落首领的伏羲既负责任又勤劳，还充满智慧。responsible、hard-working以及smart为三个并列的形容词，且该句为肯定句，所以用and连接。故填and。 3．句意：他尝试想方法来解决这个问题。此处特指上文提到的问题，用定冠词the。故填the。 4．句意：但是很难抓到它们。此处代指前文提到的“鱼”，并且位于动词的后面，用人称代词宾格them。故填them。 5．句意：伏羲偶然间从蜘蛛网中得到灵感。此处应该用副词修饰动词got，accidental的副词形式为accidentally，意为“偶然地”。故填accidentally。 6．句意：它是司雨之神龙王派来警告他们不得徒手捕鱼的。此处指海龟是被龙王派来的，用介词by，表示被动。故填by。 7．句意：伏羲同意后，并取出渔网。根据“Fu Xi agreed”可知，该处用动词过去式，bring的过去式为brought。故填brought。 8．句意：他教我们将网撒向大海。teach sb. to do sth.意为“教某人做某事”。故填to throw。 9．句意：从那之后，越来越多的人学习织网捕鱼。net是可数名词，此处用名词复数形式表示泛指。故填nets。 10．句意：多亏渔网发明者伏羲，人们终于获得了充足的食物。此处是作Fu Xi的同位语，应该用名词形式，invent的名词形式为inventor，意为“发明者”。故填inventor。 （四） In a video online, a man is walking along the street when a girl passes by, jumping happily. Influenced by 1 (she), the man can’t help copying her movements and looks as joyful as a child. Most people just watched the video for fun, while Qiu Jinpeng recorded the 2 (touch) moment with his paintbrush. And it became one of his most popular artworks. Qiu started creating this kind of works 3 September 2022. He works for an organization that encourages people 4 (make) their lives more colorful through art. Whenever he finds a heartwarming short video, Qiu paints the scene (情景) and shares it online. So far, he 5 (create) nearly 200 works and each tells a story about common Chinese people. His works get popular, with more than 2 million 6 (follower). During the process (过程) of painting, Qiu has also made his childhood dream come true. Showing an interest in painting, Qiu studied oil painting in college. 7 he didn’t become a painter after graduating. “I opened 8 restaurant and didn’t paint for almost two years,” Qiu recalled. One day a customer noticed a painting on the wall of the restaurant. He 9 (amaze) by the painting that I painted and encouraged me to keep painting. Since then, Qiu has been painting in his spare time. And his paintings are 10 (wide) liked for passing happiness. Looking forward, Qiu hopes to produce a picture book to keep these precious (珍贵的) moments and warm hearts of more people. 【答案】 1．her 2．touching 3．in 4．to make 5．has created 6．followers 7．But 8．a 9．was amazed 10．widely 【导语】本文主要讲述了创作漫画的邱锦鹏走红的故事。 1．句意：受她的影响，这个男人忍不住模仿她的动作，看起来像个孩子一样快乐。本句的主语和宾语不是同一人称，by是介词，所以空处应填she的宾格形式her，故填her。 2．句意：大多数人只是为了好玩而观看视频，而邱锦鹏则用画笔记录下了这一感人时刻。空处作定语修饰名词movement，所以用touch的形容词touching“感人的”，故填touching。 3．句意：邱于2022年9月开始创作这类作品。根据“September 2022”可知，空处用时间介词in，故填in。 4．句意：他为一个鼓励人们通过艺术使生活更加丰富多彩的组织工作。encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”，故填to make。 5．句意：到目前为止，他已经创作了近200个作品，每个作品都讲述了一个关于普通中国人的故事。根据“So far”可知，时态是现在完成时，主语是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，后跟动词的过去分词created。故填has created。 6．句意：他的作品很受欢迎，有200多万粉丝。2 million后应跟follower的复数形式，故填followers。 7．句意：但是他毕业后没有成为画家。空前“Qiu studied oil painting in college”与空后“he didn’t become a painter after graduating”在句意上是转折关系，所以用but连接，句首单词首字母大写，故填But。 8．句意：我开了一家餐馆，几乎两年没有画画。此处指“一家餐馆”，且restaurant首字母发辅音音素，所以用不定冠词a修饰，故填a。 9．句意：他对我画的画很惊讶，并鼓励我继续画下去。根据“ by the painting that I painted ”可知，此处用被动语态，且时态是一般过去时，所以此处用一般过去时的被动语态，结构是：was/were done，主语是he，be动词用was，后跟过去分词amazed，故填was amazed。 10．句意：他的画因为转瞬即逝的快乐而广受喜爱。空处修饰动词liked，所以用wide的副词形式widely。故填widely。 （五） A long long time ago, Earth suddenly started to shake terribly. Rivers were flooded (洪水). People and animals were trying to save 1 (they) in the water. Seeing this, the goddess Nuwa took out some big squashes (葫芦) and turned them 2 millions of boats. She hoped that people and animals were able to save their lives. When the flood was gone, people were 3 (surprise) to see a huge crack (裂缝) in the sky. It turned out there was a big fight between Gonggong, the god of water, and Zhurong, the god of fire. Gonggong lost 4 fight in the end. He knocked Buzhou Mountain 5 (angry), so a crack appeared in the sky. Nuwa decided to repair the sky. Green, red, white, black and yellow stones 6 (collect) from the east, the west, the north and the center of the world. After that, a huge turtle carried her on its back and 7 (fly) to Taihang Mountain. Then she melted the stones into five-color mud to repair the sky. 8 , a bad black dragon was still hurting people. Without 9 (take) a rest, Nuwa went to fight it. She put a cow into the water to get the dragon’s attention. Soon the dragon came out and Nuwa killed it quickly. The world was finally in 10 (peaceful) again. 【答案】 1．themselves 2．into 3．surprised 4．the 5．angrily 6．were collected 7．flew 8．However 9．taking 10．peace 【导语】本文是一篇神话故事，主要讲述了女娲补天以及斩杀黑龙，使世界恢复和平的神话故事。 1．句意：人和动物都在水中努力自救。根据“People and animals were trying to save ... in the water.”可知，这里是“自救”，用反身代词，主语是People and animals。故填themselves。 2．句意：看到这一幕，女娲女神拿出一些大葫芦，把它们变成了数百万只船。根据“turned them ... millions of boats.” 可知，这里“them”指的是大葫芦，所以应该是“into”，turn into“把……变成”，意思是把葫芦变成船。故填into。 3． 句意：洪水退去后，人们惊讶地看到天空中有一道巨大的裂缝。根据“people were ... to see a huge crack in the sky”可知，这里需要填入形容词作表语，surprised“惊讶的”。故填surprised。 4．句意：共工最终输掉了这场战斗。根据“Gonggong lost...fight in the end”可知，这里特指前面提到的这场战斗，用定冠词the。故填the。 5．句意：他愤怒地敲了敲布州山，天空中出现了一道裂缝。此处应该填入副词形式 angrily修饰动词knocked。故填angrily。 6．句意：青、红、白、黑、黄五种颜色的石头从世界的东方、西方、北方和中央被采集而来。根据“Green, red, white, black and yellow stones”可知，主语是石头，石头是被采集，且是过去发生的事，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were collected。 7．句意：在那之后，一只巨大的乌龟背着她飞到了太行山。根据“a huge turtle carried her on its back and”可知，and连接并列谓语，carried是过去式，此处也用过去式。故填flew。 8．句意：然而，一条坏黑龙仍然在伤害人们。根据上下文可知，此处表示转折，女娲在补天后，还有龙在伤人，用however表示转折。故填However。 9． 句意：女娲没有休息就去与它战斗。根据“Without”可知，介词后接动名词作宾语。故填taking。 10． 句意：世界终于又恢复了平静。空前是介词in，空处填名词peace“和平”。故填peace。 （六） The old saying “Good medicine tastes bitter.” may no longer be true in China. Feeling tired, a 20-year-old college student named Xi Linjie went to a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) hospital in Chongqing. To 1 (she) surprise, she got a cup of sweet milk tea instead of medicine. The tea was both delicious 2 healthy. This special milk tea 3 (make) by the hospital’s nutrition (营养) team. They mix old Chinese medicine with modern food. “Milk tea is popular among young people. We hope it can be a bridge for them 4 (accept) TCM,” said Liao Changying, director of the team. The hospital uses modern technology to make the tea taste much 5 (good). For example, they use rose oil instead of rose petals (花瓣) to make it less bitter. They believe this method works 6 (effective). Besides, the hospital also tries to make candies and cakes 7 Chinese medicine. “Our goal is to help people prevent and cure (治疗) diseases while they 8 (enjoy) delicious food and drinks,” Liao explained. In Chongqing, there is also 9 TCM night market, which is held every weekend. People can get free health service there. A man said, “I never realized TCM could be so close to our daily lives.” Over half of the 10 (visitor) are young people who come to ask for professional (专业的) advice. It shows that the younger ones are more and more confident about TCM nowadays. 【答案】 1．her 2．and 3．is made 4．to accept 5．better 6．effectively 7．with 8．are enjoying 9．a 10．visitors 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了传统中医在当今的新变化——良药不一定苦口。 1．句意：出乎她意料的是，她拿到了一杯甜奶茶而不是药。根据“To ... surprise,”可知，此处是固定短语to one’s surprise“出乎某人意料的是”，此处应用形容词性物主代词。故填her。 2．句意：这杯茶又美味又健康。根据“The tea was both delicious ... healthy.”可知，横线前后是两个形容词，感情色彩都是积极的，因此此处应用表示顺接的连词and。故填and。 3．句意：这杯特殊的奶茶是由医院营养部门制作的。根据“This special milk tea”和make可知，此处两者构成逻辑上的动宾关系，名词在句首做主语，因此此处应用被动语态，对应的结构是be done。故填is made。 4．句意：我们希望它可以成为年轻人接受TCM的桥梁。根据“We hope it can be a bridge for them ... TCM,”可知，此处修饰bridge，应用动词不定式，表示接受TCM的桥梁。故填to accept。 5．句意：医院使用现代科技让茶的味道更好。根据“much”可知，此处应用good的比较级better。故填better。 6．句意：他们相信这种方法更有效。根据“They believe this method works”可知，此处修饰动词works，应用副词，所给单词直接+ly即可。故填effectively。 7．句意：另外，医院也尝试用中药制作糖果和蛋糕。根据“Besides, the hospital also tries to make candies and cakes ... Chinese medicine.”可知，此处中药是原材料，结合句子成分可知，此处应用介词，with“用”符合语境。故填with。 8．句意：我们的目标是当他们在享受美食和饮料时，帮助人们预防和治疗疾病。根据“Our goal is to help people prevent and cure (治疗) diseases while they”可知，while之后应用现在进行时，对应的结构是be doing。故填are enjoying。 9．句意：在重庆每周也举办一个TCM夜市。根据“TCM night market”可知，横线之后是可数名词单数，应用不定冠词修饰，结合首音标是辅音音标，此处应用a。故填a。 10．句意：超过一半的来寻求专业建议的来访者是年轻人。根据“are young people”可知，此处主语应当是人，且是名词复数。故填visitors。 （七） AI, short for Artificial Intelligence, 1 (change) our lives in many ways in the past few years. It’s hard to imagine a world without it now. 2 example, smart speakers can answer our questions and play music. They learn our habits slowly and work better over time. Many apps use AI too. Some photo apps can make our pictures look better by 3 (fix) small problems. AI also helps with language learning. It can check our grammar and give some 4 (value) advice. 5 , AI isn’t perfect. Sometimes it makes mistakes. We need to remember that AI is 6 tool, not a leader. It should 7 (use) by us wisely. In the future, AI will bring more changes. It may help doctors find illnesses earlier and make traffic 8 (safe). No one knows 9 (exact) what will happen, but one thing is sure: AI will keep becoming more important in our daily lives. We should be ready for the new world that AI creates. Let’s welcome this technology and use it 10 (make) life easier for everyone. 【答案】 1．has changed 2．For    3．fixing    4．valuable    5．However    6．a 7．be used 8．safer    9．exactly    10．to make 【导语】本文讲述了人工智能 (AI) 在多个方面改变了我们的生活，介绍了其应用场景、优势与不足，并展望了未来AI可能带来的更多变化，强调要明智利用AI，做好迎接新世界的准备。 1．句意：在过去的几年里，人工智能，简称AI，已经在许多方面改变了我们的生活。根据“in the past few years”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+动词的过去分词”，主语“AI”为第三人称单数，助动词用has，change的过去分词为changed。故填has changed。 2．句意：例如，智能音箱可以回答我们的问题并播放音乐。根据“example”可知，此处考查短语for example“例如”，介词for用于引出例子，句首首字母大写。故填For。 3．句意：一些照片应用程序可以通过修复小问题让我们的照片看起来更好。根据“by”可知，by为介词，后接动词的-ing形式，fix的-ing形式为fixing。故填fixing。 4．句意：它可以检查我们的语法并给出一些有价值的建议。根据“advice”可知，此处需要一个形容词来修饰名词advice，value的形容词形式为valuable“有价值的”。故填valuable。 5．句意：然而，人工智能并不完美。根据“AI isn’t perfect.”可知，此句与前文介绍人工智能的诸多好处形成转折关系，however“然而”，副词，可放于句首，用逗号与句子其他部分隔开，表示转折，句首首字母大写。故填However。 6．句意：我们需要记住，人工智能是一种工具，而不是领导者。根据“tool”可知，此处表示泛指一种工具，且tool以辅音音素开头，因此用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 7．句意：它应该被我们明智地使用。根据“It should...by us wisely.”可知，主语It指代AI，与动词use之间是被动关系，即AI被使用，且should为情态动词，因此此处用含有情态动词的被动语态，其结构为“情态动词+be+动词的过去分词”，use的过去分词为used。故填be used。 8．句意：它可能帮助医生更早地发现疾病，使交通更安全。根据“make traffic...”可知，make sb./sth.+形容词，表示“使某人/某物……”，且此处是将未来有AI帮助的交通情况和现在没有AI帮助的情况作比较，用形容词的比较级，safe的比较级为safer。故填safer。 9．句意：没有人确切地知道会发生什么，但有一件事是肯定的：人工智能将在我们的日常生活中变得越来越重要。根据“knows”可知，此处需要一个副词来修饰动词knows，exact的副词形式为exactly“确切地”。故填exactly。 10．句意：让我们欢迎这项技术，并利用它让每个人的生活更轻松。根据“use it...life easier for everyone.”可知，此处考查短语use sth. to do sth.“使用某物做某事”，动词不定式作目的状语。故填to make。      （八） Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of a computer to “think” like a human. This means it can learn from its mistakes and perform tasks that usually need human intelligence. The concept (概念) of AI 1 (be) around for a long time, but it is difficult to make it 2 (work) properly. In recent years, AI has improved and it can now carry out complex (复杂的) tasks. This 3 (influence) everyone’s lives in the future, so it is important to know both the good and bad sides. AI can process large amounts of information much 4 (fast) than a person can. In video games, AI can make the computer learn how 5 (act) like a human player, creating a more realistic gaming experience if you are playing against the computer. AI can also be a useful tool in 6 (educate), because it can explain complex topics to people 7 (simple). At present, AI can successfully understand human speech, recognize (识别) human faces, operate self-driving cars and compete in some game systems like 8 (play) chess. However, AI is not perfect. It makes mistakes and can give the wrong answers to questions. It also doesn’t have feelings or a 9 (human) sense of right and wrong. So it can sometimes be rude or give bad advice. It can also 10 (use) in unkind or unfair ways. Whatever you think about AI, it is here to stay. If you have any questions about it, ask a responsible adult. 【答案】 1．has been 2．work 3．will influence/could influence 4．faster 5．to act 6．education 7．simply 8．playing 9．human’s 10．be used 【导语】本文主要介绍了人工智能（AI）的概念、发展、影响及优缺点。 1．句意：人工智能的概念已经存在很长时间了，但很难让它正常运作。根据“for a long time”可知用现在完成时，主语是单数，助动词用has，be的过去分词是been。故填has been。 2．句意：人工智能的概念已经存在很长时间了，但很难让它正常运作。“make sb./sth. do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“让某人/某物做某事”，用动词原形work。故填work。 3．句意：这将/可能会影响未来每个人的生活，所以了解它的优缺点很重要。此处表将来的影响，可用一般将来时will influence；也可用情态动词could表推测，即could influence。故填will/could influence。 4．句意：人工智能处理大量信息的速度比人快得多。根据“than”可知用fast的比较级faster。故填faster。 5．在电子游戏中，人工智能可以让电脑学会像人类玩家一样行动。“learn how to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“学会如何做某事”，用to act。故填to act。 6．句意：人工智能在教育方面也是一个有用的工具，因为它可以向人们简单地解释复杂的话题。此处作介词in的宾语，用educate的名词形式education。故填education。 7．句意：人工智能在教育方面也是一个有用的工具，因为它可以向人们简单地解释复杂的话题。此处修饰动词explain，用simple的副词形式simply。故填simply。 8．句意：目前，人工智能可以成功理解人类语言、识别人脸、操作自动驾驶汽车，还能在一些游戏系统中与人对弈，比如下棋。“compete in doing sth.”意为“参与做某事的竞争”，用playing。故填playing。 9．句意：它也没有感情，也没有人类的是非观。此处修饰名词sense，用human的所有格形式human’s。故填human’s。 10．句意：它也可能被用于不友善或不公平的方式。主语it和use之间是被动关系，“be used”表示“被使用”，情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be used。 （九） Erquan Yingyue 1 (write) by Abing, a folk musician who was born in the city of Wuxi in 1893. His mother died when he was very young. Abing’s father taught him 2 (play) many musical instruments, such as the drums, dizi 3 erhu, and by age 17, Abing was known for his musical ability. However, after his father died, Abing’s life 4 (grow) worse. He was very poor. Not only that, he developed a serious illness and became blind. For several years, he had no home. He lived on the streets and played music to make money. Even after Abing got married and had 5 home again, he continued to sing and play on the streets. He performed in this way for many years. Abing’s amazing musical 6 (skill) made him very popular during his lifetime. By the end of his life, he could play over 600 pieces of music. Many of these were written by 7 (he). It is a pity that only six pieces of music 8 total were recorded for the future world to hear, but his popularity continues to this day. Today, Abing’s Erquan Yingyue is a piece which all the great erhu masters play and praise. It 9 (become) one of China’s national treasures. Its sad beauty not only paints a picture of Abing’s own life but also makes people recall their deepest wounds from their own sad or 10 (pain) experiences. 【答案】 1．was written 2．to play 3．and 4．grew 5．a 6．skills 7．himself 8．in 9．has become 10．painful 【导语】本文从《二泉映月》引出它的作者阿炳的生平及其对音乐的贡献。 1．句意：《二泉映月》是由1893年出生于无锡市的民间音乐家阿炳创作的。此处指《二泉映月》是被阿炳创作的，且创作这一动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+过去分词”，主语“Erquan Yingyue”是单数，be动词用was，write的过去分词是written，故填was written。 2．句意：阿炳的父亲教他演奏许多乐器，如鼓、笛子和二胡，到17岁时，阿炳就以他的音乐才能而闻名。teach sb. to do sth.表示“教某人做某事”，所以此处用动词不定式to play，故填to play。 3．句意：阿炳的父亲教他演奏许多乐器，如鼓、笛子和二胡，到17岁时，阿炳就以他的音乐才能而闻名。根据“drums, dizi...erhu”可知，此处表示并列关系，且此处无逗号隔开，所以用and连接，故填and。 4．句意：然而，在他父亲去世后，阿炳的生活变得更糟了。根据“after his father died”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，grow的过去式是grew，故填grew。 5．句意：即使在阿炳结婚后又有了家，他仍然继续在街上唱歌和演奏。根据“got married and had...home again”可知，此处指有了家，home是可数名词单数，且以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a表示泛指，故填a。 6．句意：阿炳惊人的音乐技巧使他在有生之年非常受欢迎。根据“Abing’s amazing musical...”可知，此处指音乐技巧，skill表示“技巧”，是可数名词，此处用复数形式skills表示技能，故填skills。 7．句意：其中许多都是他自己创作的。根据“Many of these were written by...”可知，此处指他自己创作的，by oneself表示“独自，自己”，he的反身代词是himself，故填himself。 8．句意：遗憾的是，总共只有六首音乐被录制下来供未来世界聆听，但他的受欢迎程度一直持续到今天。in total表示“总共”，是固定短语，故填in。 9．句意：它已成为中国的国宝之一。根据“It…one of China’s national treasures.”可知，此处强调影响，为现在完成时，主语“It”是第三人称单数，助动词填has，动词改为过去分词，故填has become。 10．句意：它悲伤的美不仅描绘了阿炳自己的生活，也让人们回忆起自己悲伤或痛苦的经历中最深的创伤。根据“sad or...experiences”可知，此处与sad并列，用形容词painful表示“痛苦的”，修饰名词experiences，故填painful。 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 非谓语动词 目录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 4 03 考点通关·靶向突破 5 ★ 考点一 非谓语动词to do 5 ★ 考点二 动名词doing 8 ★ 考点三 分词doing&done 10 04 优题精选·练能提分 13 考点 课标要求 复习目标 解题锦囊与易错点 动词不定式 ➢ 掌握动词不定式的基本形式（to do）及否定形式（not to do）。 ➢ 掌握其在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语等成分的用法。 1. 掌握核心功能：作宾语、宾补、目的状语和定语。 2. 熟记固定搭配：后接不定式作宾语的动词及“疑问词+不定式”结构。 3. 辨别省略to的情况。 解题锦囊： 1. 作目的状语是最常见考点之一，看到中文“为了…”，优先考虑用 to do。 2. 作定语修饰名词时，表示“要…的”，如 something to eat。 易错点：1. 使役/感官动词后作宾补：主动语态中省略to（make sb. do），但在被动语态中必须还原to（be made to do）。 2. 固定搭配误用：后接不定式的常见动词需专门记忆，如 decide to do, hope to do，勿与动名词搭配混淆。 动名词 ➢ 掌握动名词的基本形式（-ing）及否定形式（not doing）。 ➢ 掌握其在句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分的用法。 1. 掌握核心功能：作动词宾语和介词宾语。 2. 熟记固定搭配：后接动名词的动词及短语。 3. 辨析与不定式的区别。 解题锦囊：作介词宾语是绝对高频考点，看到介词（in, at, for, of, without等）或动词短语（look forward to），后面动词必用动名词（-ing）。 易错点：1. to的陷阱：to在短语中作介词时，后接动名词（如 be used to doing, pay attention to doing）。 2. 意义混淆：牢记 remember/forget/stop/try 等动词后接 to do 与 doing 的意义区别（remember to do 记得要做某事，remember doing 记得做过某事）。 分词（现在/过去分词） ➢ 掌握现在分词（-ing）与过去分词（-ed）的基本形式和概念区别。 ➢ 掌握其在句中作定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语等成分的用法。 1. 掌握核心区别：“主动/进行→-ing；被动/完成→-ed”。 2. 掌握核心功能：作定语、宾补、状语及表语。 3. 辨析易混点。 解题锦囊： 1. 作定语：看与被修饰名词的关系——主动/进行用 -ing，被动/完成用 -ed（a boring book, a bored reader）。 2. 作状语：判断其逻辑主语与主句主语的关系——主动用 -ing，被动用 -ed（Seeing from the hill... 错误，因为see与逻辑主语应为被动，应改为 Seen...）。 易错点： 1. -ed与被动语态混淆：作表语或定语的 -ed 分词强调状态，被动语态强调动作。但形式可能相同，需根据语境判断。 2. 悬垂分词：分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，否则即为错误。 命题预测 结合核心素养与中考新趋势： 1. 语境化考查：在语篇中根据句意和逻辑选择恰当形式。 2. 综合化考查：与时态语态等结合考查（如 to be done）。 3. 聚焦高频核心：考查不定式作目的状语、动名词作介词宾语、分词作定语等基础高频考点。 注意事项：未来命题将更侧重在完整语境中判断非谓语的功能，而不仅是记忆规则。需提升通过上下文判断“目的”、“原因”、“被动”等逻辑关系的能力。 综合解题步骤 解题锦囊（四步法）： 1. 判谓语：确定句中已有谓语动词，则其他动词需考虑非谓语形式。 2. 找搭配：空格前如有特定动词、介词或短语（如 enjoy, look forward to, it is adj.），优先根据固定搭配选择（doing 或 to do）。 3. 析关系：若无固定搭配，分析动作与逻辑主语的主被动关系或动作的发生状态（主动/进行用 -ing，被动/完成用 -ed；表目的或将来用 to do）。 4. 验逻辑：尤其对于分词作状语，检查其逻辑主语是否与主句主语一致，避免“悬垂”错误。 通用易错点： 1. 忘记主句已有谓语：一个简单句不能有两个谓语，第二个动词必须处理为非谓语。 2. 混淆to do与doing的基本概念：to do常表目的、将来或一次性具体动作；doing常表习惯、正在进行的动作或抽象概念。 考点一 to do 不定式 功能分类 具体用法与位置 例词/例句 特别注意/易错点/锦囊妙计 作宾语 位于及物动词之后，作动作的承受者。 常接不定式作宾语的动词：want, hope, decide, plan, agree, promise, refuse, learn, choose, afford, fail, manage 等。 例句：He hopes to become a doctor. ⚠️ 速记口诀：“想要决定希望，同意计划拒绝；学会选择负担，未能管理承诺。” ✅ 方法：记住这些核心动词列表是解题关键。 作宾语补足语 位于 “动词 + 宾语” 之后，补充说明宾语的动作或状态。 常接不定式作宾补的动词：ask, tell, want, invite, wish, encourage, allow, teach, order, warn 等。 例句：My parents asked me to study hard. ⚠️ 易错点（高频）：使役动词 make, let, have 和感官动词 see, hear, watch, feel, notice 后，作宾补的不定式要省略to。 例句：The boss made him work all night. / I saw her enter the room. ✅ 锦囊妙计：“使动感官后省to，被动语态to回头”。在主动语态中省略to，但变为被动语态时必须加上。例：He was made to work all night. 作目的状语 位于句中，表示动作的目的，可置于句首或句末。 例句：He got up early to catch the early bus. / To keep healthy, she exercises every day. ✅ 方法技巧：看到中文“为了…”、“以便…”，或在句子中可以加上“in order to”，优先考虑用不定式作目的状语。 作定语 位于被修饰的名词或代词之后，表示“要…的”。 常修饰以下名词：way, time, chance, right, something, anything, nothing 等。 例句：I have something important to tell you. / It‘s time to go to bed. ⚠️ 特别提醒：不定式作定语时，与所修饰的名词常构成动宾关系（如 something to eat，eat something）。 如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，需加上必要的介词。例：He needs a room to live in. 作主语 位于句首，作谓语动作的发出者。 例句：To learn a foreign language is not easy. ⚠️ 常考句型：为了避免“头重脚轻”，常用 It 作形式主语，把不定式后置。 句型：It is + adj. (easy, important, difficult…) + (for sb.) + to do sth. 例句：It is important for us to protect the environment. 疑问词 + 不定式 结构：what/how/when/where/which + to do，在句中作宾语、主语或表语，相当于一个名词性从句。 作宾语：I don‘t know what to do next. 作主语：How to solve the problem is the key. ✅ 方法技巧：此结构是简化宾语从句的常用方式。当主从句主语一致时，常可转换。 例：I don’t know what I should do. = I don‘t know what to do. 7. 不定式的否定式 结构：not to do 或 never to do。 例句：The teacher told us not to be late. / He promised never to lie again. ⚠️ 易错点：否定词 not 或 never 必须放在 to 之前。 【应试技巧】 第一步：判成分，找标志 看空格前是否有要求接 to do 的固定动词（如 want, decide）、形容词（如 easy, important）或名词（如 way, time）。有，则优先考虑不定式。 第二步：析关系，看主语 如果空格前是使役/感官动词，分析是主动还是被动语态。主动省to，被动加to。 如果空格需要表示“目的”，果断用 to do。 第三步：验逻辑，查形式 检查不定式与修饰名词的关系，是否需要被动（to be done）或完成（to have done）形式。最后确认否定词 not 的位置是否正确。 1．（2025·湖南省卷）The rulers of Jijiaocheng asked the people ________ (cut) down trees in the mountains. 2．（2025·湖南长沙卷）Even today, students are encouraged ________ (read) The Analects of Confucius (《论语》). 3．（2024·湖南省卷）The quality（品质）was good，but I wanted to do something different, so I decided． 　(have) a different menu. 4．（2024·湖南长沙卷）Orchids (兰花) come in many colors, but many people like purple and red ones for Chinese New Year. They are believed 　 　 (represent) love and beauty. 5．（25-26·湖南株洲二中月考） Rui thought I might refuse         (try) the food in the red pepper oil side, but the spicy taste was so fine that I ate and ate until the restaurant was almost closed. 6．（25-26·长沙市湘郡培粹实验中学期中）The league’s saying is “Fight for City Honor (荣誉)”. Many people come           (cheer) for their hometown teams.  7．（25-26·湘潭市岳塘区湘钢一中教育集团月考）One day he told his teacher he wanted to leave the school. His teacher advised his parents          (talk) with their son in person.  考点二 动名词 doing 功能分类 具体用法与位置 例词/例句 特别注意/易错点/锦囊妙计 作动词宾语 位于及物动词之后，作动作的对象。 必须接动名词作宾语的动词/短语：enjoy, finish, practice, mind, avoid, suggest, consider, keep, imagine, risk, feel like, give up, can‘t help, be worth, be busy 等。 例句：He enjoys playing basketball. / It’s worth reading. ⚠️ 速记口诀（部分）：“喜欢享受不介意，完成练习忙避免；建议考虑要放弃，不禁想象值冒险。” ✅ 锦囊：遇到这些动词，直接选 doing。 作介词宾语 位于介词之后，构成介词短语。 例句：He is good at speaking English. / Thank you for helping me. / She left without saying goodbye. ⚠️ 易错点（高频）： 1. “to”的陷阱：在短语中的“to”是介词，后接 doing。常见短语：look forward to, be used to, pay attention to, devote to, lead to。 2. 固定句型：How/What about doing…? (提建议) / have difficulty (in) doing。 作主语 位于句首，作谓语动作的发出者。 例句：Getting up early is good for health. ⚠️ 特别提醒：动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 ✅ 常用句型：It‘s no use/good doing… (做…没用/不好) 作表语 位于系动词之后，说明主语是什么。 例句：Her job is teaching English. ✅ 判断技巧：常可与主语互换位置而逻辑不变（Teaching English is her job.）。 重点辨析：动词+ doing vs. + to do 部分动词后接两者意义不同，是绝对高频考点。 remember/forget/regret： + doing：记得/忘记/后悔做过的事 (已发生)。 + to do：记得/忘记/遗憾要去做的事 (未发生)。 stop：+ doing：停止正在做的事。+ to do：停下来去做另一件事。 try：+ doing：尝试做某事 (看效果)。+ to do：努力、试图做某事。 go on：+ doing：继续做同一件事。+ to do：接着做另一件事。 ⚠️ 黄金法则：区分动作的 “已发生” 与 “未发生”，以及 “同一件事” 与 “另一件事”。通过句子的时间状语或上下文逻辑判断。 【应试技巧】 动名词核心应试“三步法” 第一步：优先寻找“信号词”，直接锁定 doing——这是最快、最准确的方法。做题时，首先扫描空格前的内容，寻找以下两类“信号词”： 1. 特定动词后：如果空格前是 enjoy, finish, practice, mind, avoid, suggest, consider, keep, imagine, risk 等动词，直接选 doing。 2. 介词后：如果空格前是 任何介词（at, in, on, for, of, about, without, by 等） 或 含有介词的短语（如 look forward to, be good at, be used to, pay attention to），直接选 doing。 关键口诀：“介后动名” —— 介词后面永远接动名词（doing）。这里的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号！ 第二步：若无信号词，分析句子成分——如果第一步没有找到明显的信号词，那就分析空格部分在句中充当的成分： 作主语：当句子缺少主语，且表达一个习惯性或抽象的概念时，通常用 doing。 例：______ (Swim) is good for health. 作表语：位于系动词（如 is, am, are）后，说明主语“是什么”时，可用 doing。 例：His hobby is ______ (collect) stamps. 第三步：重点攻克“易混动词”，辨析意义——这是最易错的部分！有几个动词后接 to do 和 doing 意思截然不同，必须根据句意判断： remember / forget / regret/stop/try 黄金法则：区分动作的 “已发生” 与 “未发生”。 两个必须警惕的“考试陷阱” “to”的陷阱：在 look forward to（盼望）， be used to（习惯于）， pay attention to（注意）等短语中，to 是介词，后面必须接 doing。 “主谓一致”陷阱：动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词要用 单数。 例：Reading books ______ (make) us wise. （这里填 makes） 终极解题口诀: “动后动名需特记，介后动名是铁律。作主作表看成分，易混动词辨意义。 1．（2023·湖南长沙卷）The date and a greeting (问候语) such as "Dear…" should be at the top of the letter. A closing such as "Love" or "Yours truly" needs to follow the body. End it by 　 　 (sign) it. 2．（2023·湖南岳阳卷）In order to become professional traffic volunteers, parents are supposed to learn how to give directions to students and stop them from ________ （play）soccer on the road. 3．（25-26·湘潭市湘钢二中初中部期中）With the use of certain technologies, teachers can write their teaching contents (内容) and the students can reply by         (write) in the national language teaching course.  4．（25-26·湖南长沙北雅中学·月考） The best way to     quickly    (quick) improve English is to spend at least a few minutes         (practice) every day. 5．（2025·湖南长沙市麓山国际实验学校中考模拟） On December 7th, local time, the church officially reopened. The           (open) ceremony (仪式) was set to take place outside the church, but bad weather forced it to be moved inside.  考点三 分词doing & done 功能分类 具体用法与位置 例词/例句 特别注意/易错点/锦囊妙计 核心概念与区分 现在分词 (doing)：表主动或正在进行。 过去分词 (done)：表被动或已完成。 原理例句： a developing country (发展中国家，主动发展) a developed country (发达国家，已完成发展) ⚠️ 速记口诀：“主动进行-ing，被动完成用-ed。” ✅ 解题根本：遇到分词题，第一步永远是分析 “主动还是被动？”。 作定语 单个分词：常置于名词前。 分词短语：常置于名词后，相当于一个定语从句。 前置：a sleeping baby (正在睡觉的婴儿)， a broken window (被打破的窗户) 后置：The man standing there is my father. (主动) / The book written by him is popular. (被动) ⚠️ 易混点： 1. -ing形容词：描述事物特性（令人…的），如 a boring class。 2. -ed形容词：描述人的感受（感到…的），如 a bored student。 ✅ 技巧：修饰“物”且表特性用 -ing；修饰“人”且表感受用 -ed。 3. 作宾语补足语 位于“动词+宾语”之后，补充说明宾语的状态。主要用于感官动词和使役动词后。 感官动词 (see, hear, watch, notice, feel)： + doing：强调动作正在发生。 + done：强调动作被完成的状态。 例句：I heard someone singing in the next room. (听见正在唱) I saw the window broken. (看见被打破的状态) ⚠️ 与不定式宾补区别：感官动词后接 do (省略to的不定式) 表示动作全过程已结束。例：I saw him cross the street. (我看见他过了马路，强调全过程) 作状语 位于句首或句末，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。 表原因：Being ill, he didn‘t go to school. (因为生病) 表伴随：She sat by the window, thinking deeply. (坐着的同时在思考) 表条件：Given more time, I can do it better. (如果被给予更多时间) ⚠️ 中考高频难点 & 易错点：悬垂分词 (Dangling Participle)。 错误示例：Walking in the park, a bird was singing. (“走”的逻辑主语是“鸟”，不合理) ✅ 黄金法则：作状语的分词，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致。做题时先找主句主语，判断它能否执行分词的动作。 作表语 位于系动词之后，表示主语的性质或状态。 现在分词：说明主语特性，常修饰物。The movie is exciting. (电影令人兴奋) 过去分词：说明主语状态，常修饰人。We are excited. (我们感到兴奋) ⚠️ 与进行时、被动语态区分：形式相似，但功能不同。 表语：表示状态 (系动词+分词)。 进行时：表示动作 (be+doing)。 被动语态：表示动作 (be+done)。需根据语境判断。 【应试技巧】 分词核心应试“四步法” 第一步：判成分，找提示——首先判断分词在句中的成分，不同成分有不同思考路径： 1. 作定语（修饰名词）：这是高频考点。看分词是放在名词前面（单个分词）还是后面（分词短语）。 2. 作状语（修饰整个句子）：这是难点和易错点。分词常位于句首或句末，用逗号隔开。 3. 作宾补（在感官/使役动词后）：看空格前是否有 see, hear, watch, find, have, get 等动词。 第二步：析关系，定主动被动——这是决定用 -ing 还是 -ed 的唯一标准。在心中问两个问题： 分词与所修饰的名词（或句子的主语）是 主动关系（名词能自己发出这个动作）吗？ → 选 -ing (doing)。 是 被动关系（名词是动作的承受者）吗？ → 选 -ed (done)。 核心口诀：“主动进行-ing，被动完成用-ed。” 第三步：对不同成分应用核心关系 1. 作定语时： 看被修饰的名词。如：a developing country (国家自己发展 → 主动)。 看分词短语中的动词与名词关系。如：The man called Tom is my friend. (Tom被叫做 → 被动)。 2. 作状语时（重中之重）： 先找到主句的主语。判断这个主语与分词动作的关系。 ⚠️ 必须检查逻辑主语是否一致！ 这是“悬垂分词”错误的根源。 正确：Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful. (城市“被”看 → 被动，用Seen) 错误：Seeing from the hill, the city looks beautiful. (城市不能主动“看”，逻辑错误) 第四步：作宾补时，看状态与进行 在感官/使役动词后：强调动作 正在进行或主动进行 → 用 -ing。例：I heard her singing in the room. 强调动作 已完成或被动状态 → 用 -ed。例：I found the door locked. 两类高频易错点与破解口诀 -ing/-ed 形容词化： -ing 形容 “物” 的特性（令人…的）：a boring book。-ed 形容 “人” 的感受（感到…的）：a bored reader。 破解口诀：“物-ing，人-ed”。 “悬垂分词”陷阱： 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，否则即为错误。 破解方法：在分词状语前，默念“因为/当…的时候，主语…”，检查是否合理。 1．（2023·湖南衡阳卷）Right now, Tech-Help is giving smart TV sets to families in Xinjiang. There are about 50 families on the 　 　 (wait) list. 2．（2024·湖南怀化·一模改编）Nowadays, people can get more information about the goods through the QR code (二维码) ________ （print）on the card. 3．（2024·湖南衡阳八中教育集团直选生改编）________ （order）over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now. 4．（25-26九年级上·广东江门·期中改编） ________ （finish）the homework, he went to help his mother with the housework. 一、写出下列动词的现在分词&过去分词形式 原形 (Base Form) 现在分词 (Present Participle) 过去分词 (Past Participle) be (am/is/are) begin break bring build buy catch choose come do drink eat feel find get give go make see write 二、语法填空 （一） Andre Penovac, a Serbian artist, has always been interested in the world of colors and the magic they create on paper. His journey as 1 artist began with watercolors. But it made a great change in the 1980s. One day he was introduced to the ancient art of Chinese ink (墨水) painting at an exhibition in Zagreb, Croatia. He was amazed (震惊于) by how much these black and white paintings could show with just a few lines and 2 (shape). This experience helped 3 (he) decide to learn this new painting skill. Penovac started by studying the works of Chinese artists, books about Chinese ink painting and practicing 4 (use) ink and water. It was difficult at 5 (one), but he didn’t give up. To better his skills, he spent countless hours practicing. Day by day, his works were much 6 (beautiful) than before. His paintings of cats, chickens and pandas in Chinese ink style are 7 (true) lifelike. People started to notice his works and they’re surprised that a foreigner can paint so well in the Chinese style (风格). Today, Penovac is known 8 a Serbian artist who paints beautiful Chinese ink paintings. Penovac’s story is one of cultural communication and growth of art. It also 9 (show) that it’s always hard to learn something new, especially things from another culture. However, if one loves it and works hard, he 10 she can learn it well. Penovac stands as a bridge between two worlds, a Serbian artist who has found a home in the ancient art of Chinese ink painting. （二） Chinese music is 1 (difference) from music in other parts of the world. To show its 2 (beautiful), only Chinese musical instruments can be divided into eight classes by the materials they are made from. There are reeds (芦苇) and gourds (葫芦) to make sheng, bamboo to make panpipes (排箫), silk to make zithers (筝), metal to make bells and skin to make drums. These musical instruments make Chinese folk music 3 (strange) beautiful. There is 4 piece of music which is named High Mountains and Flowing Streams. From this name, you can imagine a harmonious (和谐的) picture with green 5 (mountain) and clear streams quietly passing by 6 (you) feet. The music is 7 (play) on the Guzheng. High Mountains and Flowing Streams is the treasure of Chinese music. The music is slow and quiet. It is a song in praise of the life-long friendship 8 the music masters Bo Ya and Zhong Ziqi. The story behind the music tells us that it is not easy for one to find a true friend who can share everything 9 understand every feeling of the other. People can feel the strength from this piece of music when looking at the imposing (壮观的) mountains and 10 (run) stream water. It is also a full show of great skills. I hope everyone can enjoy Chinese music. 【答案】 （三） In ancient times, people used to pick fruit from the trees to survive. However, with the increasing population, there was not enough food to go around. Many people were 1 (hunger) and they didn’t know what to do. Fu Xi, as the leader of his people, was responsible, hard-working 2 smart. He tried to think of ways to solve 3 problem. He noticed there were fish in the sea, which might be good for people to eat. But it was hard to catch 4 (they). One day, Fu Xi 5 (accidental) got inspiration from a spider web. He made a fishing net with vines to catch fish. When Fu Xi led his people to the seaside, they saw a turtle. It was sent 6 the Dragon King, the god of rain to warn them that they were not allowed to catch fish with their hands. Fu Xi agreed and 7 (bring) out his fishing net. He taught people 8 (throw) the net into the sea. Soon, they got a lot of fish and shrimps. Everyone was so happy that they showed thanks to Fu Xi. After that, more and more people learned to make fishing 9 (net) and catch fish. There was enough food to eat for all thanks to Fu Xi, the 10 (invent) of the fishing net. （四） In a video online, a man is walking along the street when a girl passes by, jumping happily. Influenced by 1 (she), the man can’t help copying her movements and looks as joyful as a child. Most people just watched the video for fun, while Qiu Jinpeng recorded the 2 (touch) moment with his paintbrush. And it became one of his most popular artworks. Qiu started creating this kind of works 3 September 2022. He works for an organization that encourages people 4 (make) their lives more colorful through art. Whenever he finds a heartwarming short video, Qiu paints the scene (情景) and shares it online. So far, he 5 (create) nearly 200 works and each tells a story about common Chinese people. His works get popular, with more than 2 million 6 (follower). During the process (过程) of painting, Qiu has also made his childhood dream come true. Showing an interest in painting, Qiu studied oil painting in college. 7 he didn’t become a painter after graduating. “I opened 8 restaurant and didn’t paint for almost two years,” Qiu recalled. One day a customer noticed a painting on the wall of the restaurant. He 9 (amaze) by the painting that I painted and encouraged me to keep painting. Since then, Qiu has been painting in his spare time. And his paintings are 10 (wide) liked for passing happiness. Looking forward, Qiu hopes to produce a picture book to keep these precious (珍贵的) moments and warm hearts of more people. （五） A long long time ago, Earth suddenly started to shake terribly. Rivers were flooded (洪水). People and animals were trying to save 1 (they) in the water. Seeing this, the goddess Nuwa took out some big squashes (葫芦) and turned them 2 millions of boats. She hoped that people and animals were able to save their lives. When the flood was gone, people were 3 (surprise) to see a huge crack (裂缝) in the sky. It turned out there was a big fight between Gonggong, the god of water, and Zhurong, the god of fire. Gonggong lost 4 fight in the end. He knocked Buzhou Mountain 5 (angry), so a crack appeared in the sky. Nuwa decided to repair the sky. Green, red, white, black and yellow stones 6 (collect) from the east, the west, the north and the center of the world. After that, a huge turtle carried her on its back and 7 (fly) to Taihang Mountain. Then she melted the stones into five-color mud to repair the sky. 8 , a bad black dragon was still hurting people. Without 9 (take) a rest, Nuwa went to fight it. She put a cow into the water to get the dragon’s attention. Soon the dragon came out and Nuwa killed it quickly. The world was finally in 10 (peaceful) again. （六） The old saying “Good medicine tastes bitter.” may no longer be true in China. Feeling tired, a 20-year-old college student named Xi Linjie went to a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) hospital in Chongqing. To 1 (she) surprise, she got a cup of sweet milk tea instead of medicine. The tea was both delicious 2 healthy. This special milk tea 3 (make) by the hospital’s nutrition (营养) team. They mix old Chinese medicine with modern food. “Milk tea is popular among young people. We hope it can be a bridge for them 4 (accept) TCM,” said Liao Changying, director of the team. The hospital uses modern technology to make the tea taste much 5 (good). For example, they use rose oil instead of rose petals (花瓣) to make it less bitter. They believe this method works 6 (effective). Besides, the hospital also tries to make candies and cakes 7 Chinese medicine. “Our goal is to help people prevent and cure (治疗) diseases while they 8 (enjoy) delicious food and drinks,” Liao explained. In Chongqing, there is also 9 TCM night market, which is held every weekend. People can get free health service there. A man said, “I never realized TCM could be so close to our daily lives.” Over half of the 10 (visitor) are young people who come to ask for professional (专业的) advice. It shows that the younger ones are more and more confident about TCM nowadays. （七） AI, short for Artificial Intelligence, 1 (change) our lives in many ways in the past few years. It’s hard to imagine a world without it now. 2 example, smart speakers can answer our questions and play music. They learn our habits slowly and work better over time. Many apps use AI too. Some photo apps can make our pictures look better by 3 (fix) small problems. AI also helps with language learning. It can check our grammar and give some 4 (value) advice. 5 , AI isn’t perfect. Sometimes it makes mistakes. We need to remember that AI is 6 tool, not a leader. It should 7 (use) by us wisely. In the future, AI will bring more changes. It may help doctors find illnesses earlier and make traffic 8 (safe). No one knows 9 (exact) what will happen, but one thing is sure: AI will keep becoming more important in our daily lives. We should be ready for the new world that AI creates. Let’s welcome this technology and use it 10 (make) life easier for everyone. （八） Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of a computer to “think” like a human. This means it can learn from its mistakes and perform tasks that usually need human intelligence. The concept (概念) of AI 1 (be) around for a long time, but it is difficult to make it 2 (work) properly. In recent years, AI has improved and it can now carry out complex (复杂的) tasks. This 3 (influence) everyone’s lives in the future, so it is important to know both the good and bad sides. AI can process large amounts of information much 4 (fast) than a person can. In video games, AI can make the computer learn how 5 (act) like a human player, creating a more realistic gaming experience if you are playing against the computer. AI can also be a useful tool in 6 (educate), because it can explain complex topics to people 7 (simple). At present, AI can successfully understand human speech, recognize (识别) human faces, operate self-driving cars and compete in some game systems like 8 (play) chess. However, AI is not perfect. It makes mistakes and can give the wrong answers to questions. It also doesn’t have feelings or a 9 (human) sense of right and wrong. So it can sometimes be rude or give bad advice. It can also 10 (use) in unkind or unfair ways. Whatever you think about AI, it is here to stay. If you have any questions about it, ask a responsible adult. （九） Erquan Yingyue 1 (write) by Abing, a folk musician who was born in the city of Wuxi in 1893. His mother died when he was very young. Abing’s father taught him 2 (play) many musical instruments, such as the drums, dizi 3 erhu, and by age 17, Abing was known for his musical ability. However, after his father died, Abing’s life 4 (grow) worse. He was very poor. Not only that, he developed a serious illness and became blind. For several years, he had no home. He lived on the streets and played music to make money. Even after Abing got married and had 5 home again, he continued to sing and play on the streets. He performed in this way for many years. Abing’s amazing musical 6 (skill) made him very popular during his lifetime. By the end of his life, he could play over 600 pieces of music. Many of these were written by 7 (he). It is a pity that only six pieces of music 8 total were recorded for the future world to hear, but his popularity continues to this day. Today, Abing’s Erquan Yingyue is a piece which all the great erhu masters play and praise. It 9 (become) one of China’s national treasures. Its sad beauty not only paints a picture of Abing’s own life but also makes people recall their deepest wounds from their own sad or 10 (pain) experiences. 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $