Unit 4 Period 4 D Writing（分层作业）英语沪教版2020必修第二册

Unit 4 Achievements Period 4 D Writing分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 1. 词汇拼写 1. The scientist made a great ________ (成就) in medical research. 2. We should ________ (钦佩) those who work hard for their dreams. 3. Her ________ (决心) to succeed helped her overcome many difficulties. 4. The project requires a lot of time and ________ (努力). 5. He finally ________ (实现) his goal after years of hard work. 6. The teacher praised her for her ________ (勇气) to face challenges. 7. His ________ (贡献) to the company can't be ignored. 8. We need to have a ________ (积极的) attitude towards life. 9. She ________ (坚持) on practicing the piano every day. 10. The team's success is the result of their ________ (合作). 2. 单项选择 1. His great achievement ________ him worldwide fame. A. earned B. gave C. offered D. took 2. We admire her ________ her bravery and kindness. A. of B. for C. with D. about 3. She is determined ________ her dream no matter how hard it is. A. achieve B. achieving C. to achieve D. achieved 4. The success of the project ________ the efforts of everyone in the team. A. depends on B. puts on C. turns on D. gets on 5. He has made a lot of ________ to environmental protection. A. achievements B. contributions C. efforts D. plans 6. ________ positive attitude is very important for overcoming difficulties. A. A B. An C. The D. / 7. She insisted that she ________ right and refused to give in. A. is B. was C. be D. would be 8. It takes a lot of ________ to finish the marathon. A. courage B. energy C. patience D. strength 9. They worked together closely and their ________ led to the success. A. competition B. cooperation C. communication D. connection 10. He finally ________ his goal of becoming a doctor after 10 years of study. A. reached B. arrived C. got D. achieved 3. 句子翻译 1. 他的成就激励了许多年轻人追求梦想。 2. 我们应该钦佩那些为社会做出巨大贡献的人。 3. 她凭借决心和努力最终实现了自己的目标。 4. 团队合作是我们成功的关键因素。 5. 坚持练习是提高英语水平的有效方法。 6. 这位科学家为医学发展做出了重要贡献。 7. 拥有积极的态度能帮助我们克服困难。 8. 他花了五年时间才完成这个项目，这需要极大的耐心和努力。 9. 我们钦佩她面对挑战时的勇气和毅力。 10. 他的成功证明了努力工作总有回报。 1. 阅读理解 Last October I was on a diving holiday in the Philippines with seven other advanced divers. I dived off the boat slowly sinking to about 20m. After nearly 45 minutes, the sound of my breathing was drowned out by a low rumble like an engine and I felt deep powerful vibrations (震动) as if a big boat was passing overhead. The instructor and I both swam next to each other, staying close to the side of the reef (礁石), because the situation felt extremely sinister. Then the vibration became so intense that I could feel it in my bones and then the sound turned into a deafening roar. Suddenly, a few meters below us, breaks began forming and the sand was sucked down. That’s when I got what it was. The noise was the sound of the earth splintering open and grinding against itself. The instructor and I held hands and looked into each other’s eyes, and I felt comforted by his presence. My body went on high alert, ready to react. But I had no power over whatever this was. The only option was to stay very still and let it do whatever it’s going to do. It took enormous willpower to resist the urge to swim to the surface, which was not sensible as the situation on the surface at that time was ambiguous with potential threats pending. Soon we saw other divers. The sound and vibration lasted only two or three minutes. We all held hands to avoid decompression sickness, which can be fatal. When up, it was a huge relief to see all the divers safe. Back on the boat, we rushed to check the news and discovered we had witnessed a huge earthquake, measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale. It released more energy than 30 Hiroshima bombs, though it seemed that we were not at the epicenter (震中). I was high and felt extremely lucky not because of my recent survival miracle, but to have experienced nature at its most stunning and its most frightening moment. 1．The underlined word in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ______. A．dangerous B．urgent C．confusing D．harmonious 2．Why didn’t the author rise to the surface before the vibration stopped? A．Because the he was very afraid of big waves. B．Because he had lost all the strengths to swim. C．Because he could sense the unclear water situation. D．Because he tried to avoid unexpected danger above. 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．At the beginning of the event, a big boat passed by causing big vibration. B．All the divers used the reef as the protection against the violent vibration. C．I felt relieved as the instructor was experienced in handling situations like this. D．Powerless to fight nature, all the divers tried to cooperate and help each other. 4．Why did the author feel fortunate on the boat? A．Because he was not at the epicenter of the earthquake. B．Because he finally survived a huge earthquake. C．Because he could witness a rare natural phenomenon. D．Because he didn’t suffer from decompression sickness. 2. 语法填空 Measure Your Stress with Fitness Trackers Not sure if it’s time for stress management? Check your watch. Toxic stress, caused by pandemic, 1 (fuel) a wave of new stress management trackers. Offered in health monitoring devices by companies such as Fitbit, WHOOP, and others, they aim to make users more informed of stress and learn tools for handling it. These trackers collect information on metrics such as heart rate, skin temperature, and sleep quality 2 cutting-edge sensors in smart watches, wristbands, and rings. They also continuously assess heart rate variability, or HRV, 3 is the balance between the body’s systems for ramping up to a challenge and slowing down to rest. Some, such as Google’s Fitbit, 4 (measure) electrical changes in certain sweat glands (腺体) that respond to stress and emotional arousal. This invisible “electrodermal” sweat “contains extra information about stress 5 HRV,” says Hugo Posada-Quintero, biomedical engineering professor at the University of Connecticut, “which can also be a measure of emotional responses.” When 6 (combine), these metrics reveal psychological stress—like chronic worrying or work aggravation—that damages health and 7 otherwise escape our awareness. This so-called “unrecognized stress” is common in people with busy lifestyles. The trackers show 8 other stressors, like exercise, are beneficial in the right amounts. 9 some physical responses to exercise resemble unhealthy stress, the trackers may distinguish good stress from bad. If you’re moving your body in specified ways, they can determine that your fast pulse is from road running, not road rage. 10 (quantify) your habits and experiences can encourage behavior changes for stress management. If you eat a large, sugary meal before bed, for example, your stress numbers go up the digestive overload increases heart rate. The sensors will further detect how the late meal disrupts sleep. 书面表达 你校最近举办了年度运动会，请你为校英文报写一篇报道。内容包括： 1. 时间和地点；2. 运动会的基本情况； 3. 比赛的意义。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Annual School Sports Meeting _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Achievements Period 4 D Writing分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 1. 词汇拼写 1. The scientist made a great ________ (成就) in medical research. 2. We should ________ (钦佩) those who work hard for their dreams. 3. Her ________ (决心) to succeed helped her overcome many difficulties. 4. The project requires a lot of time and ________ (努力). 5. He finally ________ (实现) his goal after years of hard work. 6. The teacher praised her for her ________ (勇气) to face challenges. 7. His ________ (贡献) to the company can't be ignored. 8. We need to have a ________ (积极的) attitude towards life. 9. She ________ (坚持) on practicing the piano every day. 10. The team's success is the result of their ________ (合作). 答案： 1. achievement：可数名词，“成就”，前面有a great修饰，用单数形式。 2. admire：动词原形，“钦佩；赞赏”，情态动词should后接动词原形。 3. determination：不可数名词，“决心”，形容词性物主代词her后接名词。 4. effort：不可数名词，“努力”，与time并列，用原形。 5. achieved：动词过去式，“实现”，根据“after years of hard work”可知用一般过去时。 6. courage：不可数名词，“勇气”，无复数形式。 7. contribution：可数名词，“贡献”，此处用单数形式特指某方面贡献。 8. positive：形容词，“积极的”，修饰名词attitude。 9. insists：动词第三人称单数，“坚持”，主语she为第三人称单数，时态为一般现在时。 10. cooperation：不可数名词，“合作”，形容词性物主代词their后接名词。 2. 单项选择 1. His great achievement ________ him worldwide fame. A. earned B. gave C. offered D. took 2. We admire her ________ her bravery and kindness. A. of B. for C. with D. about 3. She is determined ________ her dream no matter how hard it is. A. achieve B. achieving C. to achieve D. achieved 4. The success of the project ________ the efforts of everyone in the team. A. depends on B. puts on C. turns on D. gets on 5. He has made a lot of ________ to environmental protection. A. achievements B. contributions C. efforts D. plans 6. ________ positive attitude is very important for overcoming difficulties. A. A B. An C. The D. / 7. She insisted that she ________ right and refused to give in. A. is B. was C. be D. would be 8. It takes a lot of ________ to finish the marathon. A. courage B. energy C. patience D. strength 9. They worked together closely and their ________ led to the success. A. competition B. cooperation C. communication D. connection 10. He finally ________ his goal of becoming a doctor after 10 years of study. A. reached B. arrived C. got D. achieved 答案： 1. A 解析：earn sb. fame“为某人赢得声誉”，固定搭配；give“给予”、offer“提供”、take“拿走”均无此搭配。 2. B 解析：admire sb. for sth.“因某事钦佩某人”，固定介词搭配。 3. C 解析：be determined to do sth.“决心做某事”，固定用法，后接不定式。 4. A 解析：depend on“依靠；取决于”；put on“穿上”；turn on“打开”；get on“上车”，根据句意选A。 5. B 解析：make contributions to“为……做贡献”，固定短语；achievement“成就”、effort“努力”、plan“计划”均不与to搭配表“贡献”。 6. A 解析：attitude为可数名词单数，positive以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词A表泛指“一种积极的态度”。 7. B 解析：insist此处表“坚持认为”，而非“坚持要求”，从句用陈述语气，时态与主句一致用一般过去时was。 8. D 解析：finish the marathon“完成马拉松”需要体力strength；courage“勇气”、energy“精力”、patience“耐心”均不贴合语境。 9. B 解析：cooperation“合作”，根据“worked together closely”可知选B；competition“竞争”、communication“交流”、connection“联系”均不符合句意。 10. D 解析：achieve one's goal“实现目标”，固定搭配；reach后接地点或数量，arrive后接介词，get后接to，均不与goal直接搭配。 3. 句子翻译 1. 他的成就激励了许多年轻人追求梦想。 2. 我们应该钦佩那些为社会做出巨大贡献的人。 3. 她凭借决心和努力最终实现了自己的目标。 4. 团队合作是我们成功的关键因素。 5. 坚持练习是提高英语水平的有效方法。 6. 这位科学家为医学发展做出了重要贡献。 7. 拥有积极的态度能帮助我们克服困难。 8. 他花了五年时间才完成这个项目，这需要极大的耐心和努力。 9. 我们钦佩她面对挑战时的勇气和毅力。 10. 他的成功证明了努力工作总有回报。 答案： 1. His achievements have inspired many young people to pursue their dreams. 解析：“成就”用复数achievements；“激励某人做某事”inspire sb. to do sth.；“追求梦想”pursue one's dreams，用现在完成时强调对现在的影响。 2. We should admire those who have made great contributions to society. 解析：“为社会做贡献”make great contributions to society；用定语从句who修饰those，从句用现在完成时表动作已完成。 3. With determination and effort, she finally achieved her goal. 解析：“凭借决心和努力”用介词短语with determination and effort作状语；“实现目标”achieve one's goal，用一般过去时表过去发生的动作。 4. Teamwork is the key factor to our success. 解析：“团队合作”teamwork（不可数名词）；“关键因素”key factor；“……的关键”用介词to。 5. Insisting on practice is an effective way to improve English. 解析：“坚持练习”insist on practice，动名词短语作主语；“提高英语水平”improve English，不定式作后置定语修饰way。 6. The scientist has made important contributions to the development of medicine. 解析：“为……做重要贡献”make important contributions to；“医学发展”the development of medicine，用现在完成时表成果。 7. Having a positive attitude can help us overcome difficulties. 解析：“拥有积极的态度”having a positive attitude，动名词短语作主语；“克服困难”overcome difficulties。 8. It took him five years to finish the project, which required great patience and effort. 解析：“花费时间做某事”It takes sb. time to do sth.；用非限制性定语从句which指代前面整个句子，从句用一般过去时。 9. We admire her courage and perseverance when facing challenges. 解析：“毅力”perseverance；“面对挑战时”when facing challenges（省略从句主语和be动词）。 10. His success has proved that hard work always pays off. 解析：“证明”prove，后接宾语从句；“努力工作总有回报”hard work pays off（固定表达），用现在完成时表结果。 1. 阅读理解 Last October I was on a diving holiday in the Philippines with seven other advanced divers. I dived off the boat slowly sinking to about 20m. After nearly 45 minutes, the sound of my breathing was drowned out by a low rumble like an engine and I felt deep powerful vibrations (震动) as if a big boat was passing overhead. The instructor and I both swam next to each other, staying close to the side of the reef (礁石), because the situation felt extremely sinister. Then the vibration became so intense that I could feel it in my bones and then the sound turned into a deafening roar. Suddenly, a few meters below us, breaks began forming and the sand was sucked down. That’s when I got what it was. The noise was the sound of the earth splintering open and grinding against itself. The instructor and I held hands and looked into each other’s eyes, and I felt comforted by his presence. My body went on high alert, ready to react. But I had no power over whatever this was. The only option was to stay very still and let it do whatever it’s going to do. It took enormous willpower to resist the urge to swim to the surface, which was not sensible as the situation on the surface at that time was ambiguous with potential threats pending. Soon we saw other divers. The sound and vibration lasted only two or three minutes. We all held hands to avoid decompression sickness, which can be fatal. When up, it was a huge relief to see all the divers safe. Back on the boat, we rushed to check the news and discovered we had witnessed a huge earthquake, measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale. It released more energy than 30 Hiroshima bombs, though it seemed that we were not at the epicenter (震中). I was high and felt extremely lucky not because of my recent survival miracle, but to have experienced nature at its most stunning and its most frightening moment. 1．The underlined word in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ______. A．dangerous B．urgent C．confusing D．harmonious 2．Why didn’t the author rise to the surface before the vibration stopped? A．Because the he was very afraid of big waves. B．Because he had lost all the strengths to swim. C．Because he could sense the unclear water situation. D．Because he tried to avoid unexpected danger above. 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．At the beginning of the event, a big boat passed by causing big vibration. B．All the divers used the reef as the protection against the violent vibration. C．I felt relieved as the instructor was experienced in handling situations like this. D．Powerless to fight nature, all the divers tried to cooperate and help each other. 4．Why did the author feel fortunate on the boat? A．Because he was not at the epicenter of the earthquake. B．Because he finally survived a huge earthquake. C．Because he could witness a rare natural phenomenon. D．Because he didn’t suffer from decompression sickness. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己在菲律宾潜水时经历地震的故事。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文的内容“After nearly 45 minutes, the sound of my breathing was drowned out by a low rumble like an engine and I felt deep powerful vibrations (震动) as if a big boat was passing overhead. The instructor and I both swam next to each other, staying close to the side of the reef (过了将近45分钟，我的呼吸声被一声低沉的轰鸣声淹没了，就像引擎发出的轰鸣声，我感到一种强烈的震动，好像有一艘大船从我头顶驶过。教练和我并排游着，紧靠礁石的一侧)”可知，在听到轰鸣声和感觉到震动以后，作者和教练紧靠在礁石的一侧肯定是因为他们感觉到危险，所以划线单词sinister的意义为“险恶的；不祥的”，与dangerous意义相近。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段的句子“It took enormous willpower to resist the urge to swim to the surface, which was not sensible as the situation on the surface at that time was ambiguous with potential threats pending.(要克制住游向水面的冲动需要巨大的意志力，这是不明智的，因为当时水面上的情况模糊不清，潜在的威胁迫在眉睫)”可知，在震动停止之前作者没有浮上水面是因为水面上的情况也不清楚，有潜在的威胁，他在试图避免上面的意外危险。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段“The sound and vibration lasted only two or three minutes. We all held hands to avoid decompression sickness, which can be fatal. When up, it was a huge relief to see all the divers safe.(声音和震动只持续了两三分钟。我们都手拉手，以避免可能致命的减压病。上岸后，看到所有潜水员都安然无恙，我松了一口气)”可知，由于无力与自然抗争，所有的潜水员都努力合作，互相帮助。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一句“I was high and felt extremely lucky not because of my recent survival miracle, but to have experienced nature at its most stunning and its most frightening moment.(我很兴奋，觉得自己非常幸运，不是因为我最近的生存奇迹，而是因为我经历了大自然最令人震惊和最可怕的时刻)”可知，在船上作者感到幸运是因为他能目睹一种罕见的自然现象。故选C项。 2. 语法填空 Measure Your Stress with Fitness Trackers Not sure if it’s time for stress management? Check your watch. Toxic stress, caused by pandemic, 1 (fuel) a wave of new stress management trackers. Offered in health monitoring devices by companies such as Fitbit, WHOOP, and others, they aim to make users more informed of stress and learn tools for handling it. These trackers collect information on metrics such as heart rate, skin temperature, and sleep quality 2 cutting-edge sensors in smart watches, wristbands, and rings. They also continuously assess heart rate variability, or HRV, 3 is the balance between the body’s systems for ramping up to a challenge and slowing down to rest. Some, such as Google’s Fitbit, 4 (measure) electrical changes in certain sweat glands (腺体) that respond to stress and emotional arousal. This invisible “electrodermal” sweat “contains extra information about stress 5 HRV,” says Hugo Posada-Quintero, biomedical engineering professor at the University of Connecticut, “which can also be a measure of emotional responses.” When 6 (combine), these metrics reveal psychological stress—like chronic worrying or work aggravation—that damages health and 7 otherwise escape our awareness. This so-called “unrecognized stress” is common in people with busy lifestyles. The trackers show 8 other stressors, like exercise, are beneficial in the right amounts. 9 some physical responses to exercise resemble unhealthy stress, the trackers may distinguish good stress from bad. If you’re moving your body in specified ways, they can determine that your fast pulse is from road running, not road rage. 10 (quantify) your habits and experiences can encourage behavior changes for stress management. If you eat a large, sugary meal before bed, for example, your stress numbers go up the digestive overload increases heart rate. The sensors will further detect how the late meal disrupts sleep. 【答案】 1．has fueled 2．with 3．which 4．measure 5．beyond 6．combined 7．may/might 8．that 9．Although/Though/While 10．Quantifying 【导语】本文属于说明文。文章主要介绍了健身追踪器如何帮助用户监测和管理压力，通过介绍其工作原理、测量的生理指标以及如何通过数据鼓励用户采取减压措施，展现了科技产品在健康管理领域的应用。 1．考查现在分词。句意：由疫情引发的有毒压力，推动了一波新的压力管理追踪器的出现。fuel“推动，加强，刺激”。句子描述的是过去到现在的一个持续影响，所以时态使用现在完成时，主语Toxic stress为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has fueled。 2．考查介词。句意：这些追踪器利用智能手表、腕带和戒指中的尖端传感器收集心率、皮肤温度和睡眠质量等指标的信息。本空用介词with“利用”，表示使用某种工具或手段。故填with。 3．考查定语从句。句意：他们还持续评估心率变异性，即HRV，这是身体系统在迎接挑战和减速休息之间的平衡。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是HRV，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 4．考查动词时态。句意：一些追踪器，如Google的Fitbit，测量某些对压力和情绪唤醒有反应的汗腺的电变化。measure“测量”。本句描述一般事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为Some，故谓语用动词原形。故填measure。 5．考查介词。句意：这种看不见的“皮肤电”汗液，康涅狄格大学生物医学工程教授雨果·波萨达-金特罗说：“包含了心率变异之外的额外压力信息，这也可以作为情绪反应的衡量标准。”本空用介词beyond“超出”，表示超出HRV之外还有额外的信息。故填beyond。 6．考查状语从句省略。句意：当这些指标结合在一起时，它们揭示了损害健康的心理压力，比如长期的忧虑或工作加剧的压力，这些压力可能逃过我们的意识。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。本句中When引导的时间状语从句完整句子为When these metrics are_____ (combine)，these metrics与combine“（使）结合”为被动关系，用are combined，作谓语，省略these metrics are，保留过去分词。故填combined。 7．考查情态动词。句意：当这些指标结合在一起时，它们揭示了损害健康的心理压力，比如长期的忧虑或工作加剧的压力，这些压力可能逃过我们的意识。本空用情态动词may或minght“可能”，表示这种压力有可能逃过我们的注意。故填may或might。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：追踪器显示其他压力源，如锻炼，在适量的情况下是有益的。本空引导宾语从句，作show的宾语，从句中不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。故填that。 9．考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管某些锻炼引起的生理反应类似于不健康的应激反应，但追踪器可以区分好压力和坏压力。前后句意存在转折关系，应用although/though/while“虽然”引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：量化你的习惯和经历可以鼓励你改变管理压力的行为。本句谓语为can encourage，此处为非谓语动词，本空用quantify“量化”的动名词，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Quantifying。 书面表达 你校最近举办了年度运动会，请你为校英文报写一篇报道。内容包括： 1. 时间和地点；2. 运动会的基本情况； 3. 比赛的意义。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Annual School Sports Meeting _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】                                                                             Annual School Sports Meeting Last Tuesday witnessed our annual spring sports meet on the playground, whose aim is to raise our awareness of physical health and enrich our school life. Here are the details. Starting from 8 in the morning, the sports meet lasted 9 hours, in order to make it possible for the teachers and students to be fully involved. During the sports meet, various sports were presented, ranging from running to high jump. What highlighted the activity was that a student from senior 2 finished his 100-meter race in 11 seconds, breaking the records set for almost 5 years. Hot as it was, we enjoyed the happy hours in sports and were greatly inspired by the enthusiasm seen in every participant. Not only can the sports meet relieve our pressure from study, but it can also cultivate determination and persistence in pursuing our goals. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于报道，要求考生为校英文报写一篇报道，报道学校最近举办的年度运动会。 【详解】1.词汇积累 提高：raise→boost 各种各样的：various→a variety of 热情：enthusiasm→passion 坚持不懈：persistence→perseverance 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：During the sports meet, various sports were presented, ranging from running to high jump. 拓展句：During the sports meet, various sports, which ranged from running to high jump, were presented. 【点睛】 [高分句型1] Last Tuesday witnessed our annual spring sports meet on the playground, whose aim is to raise our awareness of physical health and enrich our school life. (运用了whose引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] What highlighted the activity was that a student from senior 2 finished his 100-meter race in 11 seconds, breaking the records set for almost 5 years. (运用了what引导的主语从句，that引导的表语从句) 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $