精品解析：四川省成都市第十二中学（川大附中）2025-2026学年高三上学期12月考（暨一诊热身考试） 英语试题

川大附中高2023级一诊热身考试试题 英语 （时间：120分钟 分值：150分） 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。 3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 说明：本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。 第Ⅰ卷（选择题 满分95分） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What happened to the man's favorite jacket? A. It was dirty with some coffee. B. It was held by the coffee shop. C. It was taken away by someone. 2. What is the entry price for a student? A. $22. B. $11. C. $12. 3. Where are the speakers? A. On the road. B. On the beach. C. On the golf course. 4. What was the woman dissatisfied with about the restaurant? A. The staff. B. The surroundings. C. The location. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. How to save on costs. B. Whether to hire new staff. C. When to reduce employees. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7题。 6. What does the man intend to do by seeing Ryan Adams? A. To discuss a design. B. To have a job interview. C. To purchase personal insurance. 7. How does the woman sound in the end? A. Disappointed. B. Embarrassed. C. Confused. 听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10题。 8. When does the conversation probably take place? A. In the morning. B. Around noon. C. In the evening. 9. When was the woman aware of the unusual situation? A. When she was doing the dishes. B. When she was polishing the table. C. When she was cleaning the living room. 10. Who is the man probably? A. A police officer. B. The woman's husband. C. The woman's neighbor. 听下面一段对话，回答第11 至第13题。 11. What kind of computer course will the man take? A. The beginner course. B. The medium course. C. The advanced course. 12: Where should the man take the computer course? A. In the library. B. In the Office Building. C. In the Computer Science Building. 13. When will the man take the computer course? A. At 4:30 p. m. on Mondays. B. At 5:00 p. m. on Tuesdays. C. At 2:00 p. m. on Thursdays. 听下面一段对话，回答第14至第17题。 14. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Editor and writer. B. Bookseller and consumer. C. Interviewer and interviewee. 15. What does the man do when writing? A. Use a special pen. B. Open the windows. C. Limit the interruptions. 16. What is different about the man's next book? A. The targeted readers. B. The time period setting. C. The seriousness of the message. 17. What is the man's new book like? A. It is completely fictional. B. It is set in the countryside. C. It is mainly lighthearted. 听下面一段独白，回答第18至第20题。 18. How long will it usually take to make the writing disappear? A. More than 3 days. B. About 20 minutes. C. Less than 10 minutes. 19. What can speed the writing's disappearance? A. Chemicals. B. Light. C. Heat. 20. What do we know about the newly invented paper? A. It can be printed on repeatedly. B. It might make ink widely used. C. It will replace the ordinary paper. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Food labels carry useful information to help you make informed choices about what you and your family eat and drink. Food labels tell you all sorts of information, including but not limited to the following: Date marking: Use-by and best before dates Foods with a shelf life of less than 2 years must have a best before or use-by date. The best before date refers to food quality. Once the best before date has passed, the food may still be safe to consume, but it may have lost some quality and nutritional value. Products with a best before date can legally be sold after that date, provided the product is still fit for human consumption. Foods that should not be consumed after a certain date for health and safety reasons must have a use-by date. This means they cannot be sold after that date. You will find use-by dates on foods with a short shelf life, such as meat, fish and dairy products. Nutrition Facts Nutrition Facts tell you the quantity of various nutrients a food contains per serve, as well as per 100g or 100ml. Ingredients All ingredients must be listed in descending order by weight, including added water. The first ingredient listed contributed the largest amount and the last ingredient listed contributed the least. Here is a sample. INGREDIENTS: Itallan Tomaloes (Papnka TomeToratoPure). Rcota Cheese [Milk (Whole and Skim), Vinegar, Salt), Paua (Durum Semolina), Water, Mozzarella Cheese (Pastcurited Milk. Cheese Cultures. Salt. Enzymes). Beef, Pork, Onion, Romano Cheese (Pasicurized Cow’s Milk. Cahares, Salt Enzymes). Whole Egg. Salt Splees, Garlic. Onion Powder. Garlic Powder. paprika. 1. Which product is more likely to be labeled with a “use-by” date? A. Canned tomatoes. B. Fresh chicken. C. Packaged biscuits. D. Bottled water. 2. How many calories would you take in by eating the whole container of Frozen Lasagna? A. 227. B. 280. C. 908. D. 1,120. 3. Which ingredient has the highest percentage in Frozen Lasagna? A. Italian Tomatoes. B. Pasta. C. Ricotta Cheese. D. Paprika. B A letter from a prime minister, a child’s notebook, a prized sporting medal: what do these things have in common? On the surface, not much at all. But for Tony Armstrong’s Extra-Ordinary Things, that doesn’t matter in the slightest. In this five-part ABC TV series and accompanying exhibition at the National Museum of Australia, it’s not really the objects themselves that matter; it’s the stories and people behind them that construct a story about the nation and its past. This project sees popular television presenter Tony Armstrong travel the country in search of items for his special exhibition. Some objects capture major moments in Australian history. The anti-Iraq war protest that saw the words NO WAR painted on the sails of the Sydney Opera House in 2003 is represented by the paint tray used for the act. Through a memorial pin held by Harbour Bridge construction worker George Killen’s great-granddaughter, we hear the forgotten story of how one worker selflessly dived into the cold waters of the harbour below to save a friend. Turns out, the ordinary can be extra-ordinary. This doesn’t mean the project shies away from the dark aspects of our past. In one episode, Armstrong speaks from the edge of the “exclusion (排斥) zone” that marked the area in Perth where First Nations people, only seventy years ago, were not permitted to enter freely. Sometimes light-hearted, sometimes heart-breaking, Extra-Ordinary Things is largely optimistic in tone. It is an example of how storytelling can bridge divides, allow us to confront realities, and enable us to make choices that might go some way to addressing wrongs. When I asked Armstrong what he hoped the project would achieve, he said: “I hope it gets people telling stories.” Whether you’re asking your grandma or your friends to share their extraordinary things, his advice is to “be eager to discover, be curious.” 4. What do we know about the objects listed in paragraph 1? A. Rare but tie to everyday life. B. Tiny but represent official records. C. Ordinary but hold special meaning. D. Historic but mask personal connections. 5. Why is the memorial pin mentioned in paragraph 3? A. To present a fact. B. To illustrate a point. C. To explore a rule. D. To clarify a concept. 6. What message does Armstrong want to convey in his project? A. History is full of injustice. B. History is made up of fun stories. C. Painful things should be left behind. D. All historical facts should be acknowledged. 7. What does Armstrong encourage viewers to do? A. Seek stories with an inquiring mind. B. Engage their family with better stories. C. Collect ordinary items for the exhibition. D. Study professional storytelling techniques. C Second place is just the first loser. While the competitive spirit may be as natural as breathing air, it doesn’t always lead to human flourishing and can create misery. Fortunately, there is a formula to solve this problem: instead of always going for gold, shoot for the bronze. Though second place may be the first loser, third place can be the real winner regarding happiness and longevity. In a 1995 study, scholars systematically coded the emotional reactions of silver and bronze medalists in the 1992 Summer Olympic Games. Using slow-motion footage captured both immediately after their events and later on the awards podium (领奖台), researchers found the bronze winners appeared consistently happier on average than the silver medalists. Over 80% of bronze medalists exhibited genuine smiles, a figure that was nearly double that observed among silver medalists. Moreover, every bronze medalist’s smile lasted longer than the average smile observed among the silver medalists. More recent research has looked at the life span of all three medalist categories. A 2018 study tracked the average longevity of those representing the U.S. in the Olympic Games from 1904 to 1936 and found that the athlete whose best performance was silver lived to 72. Gold medalists beat this by four years, living to 76. But first prize in longevity went to the bronze medalists, who lived to 78. The study had a handy explanation for this discrepancy: “Unsatisfactory competition outcomes may adversely affect health.” In other words, silver medalists see themselves as the first loser because they look up to the top step and compare themselves only with the gold medalists, whereas the bronze winners compare themselves favorably with all the others who never made it onto the podium at all. This theory shows the difference between upward and downward social comparison. When we compare ourselves with those who have more money, power, or achievements, we often feel like, well, losers. It tends to lower motivation and increase stress. In contrast, downward comparison makes people feel better about themselves and, thus, happier. The worldly happiness strategy of striving for gold every day is foolish. It tends to lower the intrinsic motivation, and thus enjoyment that people obtain from their activities. The principle at work here is trying to improve your own past performance and the only person to whom you will have to compare yourself is you. 8. What can be learned from the 1995 study? A. Silver medalists showed less happiness than bronze winners. B. Silver medalists’ smiling frequency was close to that of gold medalists. C. The average bronze medalist’s smile lasted longer than every silver medalist’s. D. The emotions of both medalists were unchanged from the events to the podium. 9. What is the cause of the difference in medalists’ life span? A. The stress from downward social comparison. B. The motivation from upward social comparison. C. The effect of different types of social comparison. D. The failure to look up to the top after the competition. 10. What does the writer advise us to do to achieve happiness? A. Learn from the top performers. B. Try to be the best in every field. C. Commit to one’s consistent personal growth. D. Strengthen the motivation to obtain achievement. 11. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. The Triumph of Coming in Third B. The Problem of Human Competition C. The Mechanism of Social Comparison D. The Psychology of the Olympic Medalists D “When my husband does the dishes he always leaves some plates in the sink, some surface unwiped. I tried to correct the behavior until I remembered that if I finish everything in my Work in Progress folder I’m afraid I’ll die,” Sarah Manguso once said. Yet the truth is that completion recharges energy, rather than using it up. Perfectionists love to begin new projects, because as long as you haven’t done any work on a project, it’s possible to believe that the end result might match the ideal in your mind. By contrast, finishing things means struggling your way through the messy, imperfect reality. Social psychologists describe what’s going on here with “construal level theory”, which refers to the way we envision objects and events from different mental altitudes. For example, when considering how to spend your next summer holiday, you’re likely to picture it from 30,000 feet — “going to the beach”, or “hiking in the mountains”. But when it nears, you start focusing on details like which beach, or mountain trails. Similarly, any major undertaking starts as outlines, smooth; only when digging in do you face imperfections and then mistakenly assume that a new project might be free of them. And yet, in reality, repeatedly starting but rarely finishing things is a recipe for suffering. People think finishing things “would exhaust even more of their energy and they get tired just thinking about it”, Steve Chandler writes. They don’t see “that leaving things unfinished is what’s causing the low levels of energy”. The trick to finishing things is simply to redefine what counts as finished. Instead of viewing a project’s completion as only occasional, after days or weeks of work, think of your days as sequential (连续的) small “deliverables.” Each ending provides an energy-boost for the next. “Work is done, then forgotten,” says the Tao Te Ching (《道德经》), “Therefore it lasts forever.” You’re no longer fighting the current, but letting it carry you forward. 12. According to paragraph 2, perfectionists ________. A. see a job through its end B. tend to start new projects repeatedly C. focus not on the result but on the process D. solve problems efficiently without much effort 13. Which is the best understanding of “construal level theory”? A. Early plan simplifies tasks. B. Unfinished work exhausts energy. C. Abstract goals are less motivating. D. Judgement shifts with mental distance. 14. What does the underlined word “deliverables” in paragraph 5 probably refer to? A. Tracking tools. B. Valuable parcels. C. Finished tasks. D. Demanding projects. 15. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. The Truth of Completion B. The Power of Imperfection C. A Guide to Starting Projects D. Perfectionism in Daily Work 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Ah, punctuality — the art of being precisely on time. It’s a concept so deeply rooted in some cultures that even being a minute late can cause a small-scale panic attack. ____16____ Let’s examine whether punctuality is the defining feature of a superior society or merely another subjective construct. Each part of the world has a unique relationship with time, enriching the fabric of global culture. In Japan, for example, you’re always expected to arrive on time, and preferably a few minutes early. ____17____ Tough luck, but the next one will be there precisely on the dot. In contrast, the Philippines has a more relaxed approach to time. If someone says 3 o’clock, arriving around 3:30 is common and expected. This isn’t laziness, but a cultural preference for living in the moment. But does being punctual make a culture more advanced? The Swiss are celebrated for their precision and punctuality, often cited as a perfect example of efficiency. Their trains run on time, their watches are the gold standard. ____18____ And Switzerland is often ranked as one of the most developed and happiest countries in the world, but let’s wait a bit to conclude. Consider the case of Brazil, where “Brazilian time” is a well-known concept. ____19____ If you attend a party at the specified time, you’ll likely find the host still in their bathrobe. Many Brazilians have a laid-back approach to life.They don’t sweat the small stuff like running five minutes late because they’re busy enjoying life. Many live by the motto, “Tudo bem,” which means “It’s all good.” Honestly, they seem to be onto something. So, is punctuality essential? It depends on what cultures you are in. Whether you’re a stickler for punctuality or more laid-back, what truly matters is how you spend your time. ____20____ Let’s try to find that middle ground where we can respect others’ time while embracing the joy of living in the moment. Ultimately, time is just a construct, and life is too short to stress about being late. A. Miss a train by a minute? B. Punctuality is timeless art. C. But is punctuality essential? D. In this context, punctuality is flexible. E. You could set your clock by their daily routines. F. There, being late is not only accepted but expected. G. Are you enjoying the journey or constantly watching the clock? 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Imagine going to the dentist knowing you are in for a lot of pain — without anesthesia (麻醉). And imagine being a dentist seeing people in pain but feeling ____21____ about it. Dentist William T. Morton, who felt it deeply, ____22____ to make sure people wouldn’t feel anything at all. ____23____ curiosity and kindness, Morton set out to explore ways to ____24____ the pain without harming patients. He ____25____ tireless experiments, which led him to ether (乙醚), a substance that was occasionally mentioned in scientific circles but had never been used ____26____. On October 16, 1846, Morton ____27____ in a surgery to show the effectiveness of ether as anesthetic at a hospital. In front of an audience of surgeons who were ____28____ of him, Morton ____29____ ether to a patient, who needed to remove a neck tumor (肿瘤). As the procedure began, the room fell silent — not due to fear or uncertainty, but ____30____ at the fact that the patient showed no signs of pain. Morton’s ____31____ of anesthesia was a success, securing his place in medical history. Morton’s story was not merely one about scientific achievement but also one about perseverance against his ____32____. He was, after all, a dentist without ____33____ surgical training background yet he was practicing a surgeon’s job. However, his hard work ____34____ that surgery would no longer mean suffering terrible pain — a ____35____ seen in every pain-free procedure performed worldwide today. 21. A. positive B. powerless C. concerned D. confused 22. A. excused B. escaped C. hesitated D. resolved 23. A. Out of B. Instead of C. In spite of D. In case of 24. A. recover B. hide C. relieve D. expose 25. A. figured out B. engaged in C. relied on D. counted in 26. A. intentionally B. symbolically C. mentally D. clinically 27. A. assisted B. debated C. whispered D. complained 28. A. ashamed B. mindful C. suspicious D. fond 29. A. introduced B. limited C. delivered D. applied 30. A. target B. shock C. madness D. anger 31. A. demonstration B. response C. improvement D. translation 32. A. wills B. colleagues C. critics D. guides 33. A. flexible B. immediate C. sudden D. conventional 34. A. denied B. ensured C. predicted D. explained 35. A. breakthrough B. shortcoming C. trend D. test 第Ⅱ卷（非选择题 满分55分） 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Early Chinese characters originated from pictorial symbols and then the ____36____ (evolve) of Chinese characters gradually began. When Qin Shi Huang, China’s first emperor, established the Qin Dynasty and united the country, he promoted ____37____ uniform writing system absorbing characters from various regions. An exhibited bronze tablet in Chengdu museum ____38____ (carve) with 40 characters, which was made in 221 BC when he united China, documented Qin Shi Huang’s law to standardize the nation’s weights and measures. The bronze tablet ____39____ (specific) reflected how a nation’s governing system ____40____ (build) up. The Chinese writing system is a solid foundation of a united country with various ethnic groups. Other than the political significance, hanzi symbolizes the inheritance of culture and fine art. Later, Chinese characters became an art form, and calligraphy emerged as a result. Calligraphy, ____41____ displays the beauty of writing, has become a ____42____ (remark) art form in Chinese culture. The handwritten pieces of literati (文人) , high ____43____ (official), and even emperors are passed down from generation to generation, ____44____ (reflect) the profound respect for artistic expression and cultural heritage. At present, hanzi is the only ancient writing system ____45____ use in the world. It is a bridge of communication between China and the world, a carrier for recording and inheriting Chinese civilization, and a link in maintaining national unity and promoting ethnic integration. 第四部分 书面表达（共两小节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 近日，一些学校开始尝试使用AI辅助心理咨询。你校英文报就此现象开展征文活动，请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1.你的观点； 2.你的理由。 注意： (1)写作词数应为80左右： (2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 读后续写（满分25分） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 May had just finished gluing two eyes onto her new craft (手工艺品) when Mom walked into her room. “Wow, an impressive Chinese dragon! Will that be keeping you company tomorrow?” Mom asked with a smile. May’s stomach tightened. Tomorrow was her first day at a new school. Her family had just moved from China to this new country over the summer. Seeing the worry on May’s face, Mom added, “New-school nerves, right? I bet you’ll make all kinds of friends just by being you.” She kissed the top of May’s head before leaving the room. As May packed her backpack, she thought about Mom’s words. She hoped Mom was right. The next morning, she decided to bring Longlong, her handmade Chinese dragon, to school. Throughout the morning, it helped to know Longlong was nearby. May found the courage to get through hellos and small talks without turning bright red. Everything was going fine—until she checked her bag after the break. Longlong was missing! Her confidence disappeared. And now it was lunchtime. How could she face a room full of kids she didn’t know? As her class lined up outside the lunchroom, May busied herself by reading the posters on the wall. One caught her eye: Want to Join an After School Club? Sign up by Friday! Chess, Math, Cooking, Drama, Kickball… OR See Mrs. Miller in Room 301, Teaching Building B with New Ideas! Mom had told May clubs could be a way to make friends with kids who shared her interests. But none of these clubs seemed quite right. Just then, a voice called, “Hey, you! In the red shirt!” May turned. A girl walked up and handed her Longlong, saying it had fallen from her backpack. She introduced herself as Olivia, a student from Mrs. Miller’s class. May thanked her and felt braver as she held Longlong again. When Olivia learned that May had made it herself, she said she also liked crafts and asked if May could teach her. 注意： (1)续写词数应为150个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 “Sure! Want to meet here after school?” May asked. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ May got a new idea and she decided o have a talk with Mrs. Miller. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 川大附中高2023级一诊热身考试试题 英语 （时间：120分钟 分值：150分） 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。 3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 说明：本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。 第Ⅰ卷（选择题 满分95分） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What happened to the man's favorite jacket? A. It was dirty with some coffee. B. It was held by the coffee shop. C. It was taken away by someone. 2. What is the entry price for a student? A. $22. B. $11. C. $12. 3. Where are the speakers? A. On the road. B. On the beach. C. On the golf course. 4. What was the woman dissatisfied with about the restaurant? A. The staff. B. The surroundings. C. The location. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. How to save on costs. B. Whether to hire new staff. C. When to reduce employees. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7题。 6. What does the man intend to do by seeing Ryan Adams? A. To discuss a design. B. To have a job interview. C. To purchase personal insurance. 7. How does the woman sound in the end? A. Disappointed. B. Embarrassed. C. Confused. 听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10题。 8. When does the conversation probably take place? A. In the morning. B. Around noon. C. In the evening. 9. When was the woman aware of the unusual situation? A. When she was doing the dishes. B. When she was polishing the table. C. When she was cleaning the living room. 10. Who is the man probably? A. A police officer. B. The woman's husband. C. The woman's neighbor. 听下面一段对话，回答第11 至第13题。 11. What kind of computer course will the man take? A. The beginner course. B. The medium course. C. The advanced course. 12: Where should the man take the computer course? A. In the library. B. In the Office Building. C. In the Computer Science Building. 13. When will the man take the computer course? A. At 4:30 p. m. on Mondays. B. At 5:00 p. m. on Tuesdays. C. At 2:00 p. m. on Thursdays. 听下面一段对话，回答第14至第17题。 14. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Editor and writer. B. Bookseller and consumer. C. Interviewer and interviewee. 15. What does the man do when writing? A. Use a special pen. B. Open the windows. C. Limit the interruptions. 16. What is different about the man's next book? A. The targeted readers. B. The time period setting. C. The seriousness of the message. 17. What is the man's new book like? A. It is completely fictional. B. It is set in the countryside. C. It is mainly lighthearted. 听下面一段独白，回答第18至第20题。 18. How long will it usually take to make the writing disappear? A. More than 3 days. B. About 20 minutes. C. Less than 10 minutes. 19. What can speed the writing's disappearance? A. Chemicals. B. Light. C. Heat. 20. What do we know about the newly invented paper? A. It can be printed on repeatedly. B. It might make ink widely used. C. It will replace the ordinary paper. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Food labels carry useful information to help you make informed choices about what you and your family eat and drink. Food labels tell you all sorts of information, including but not limited to the following: Date marking: Use-by and best before dates Foods with a shelf life of less than 2 years must have a best before or use-by date. The best before date refers to food quality. Once the best before date has passed, the food may still be safe to consume, but it may have lost some quality and nutritional value. Products with a best before date can legally be sold after that date, provided the product is still fit for human consumption. Foods that should not be consumed after a certain date for health and safety reasons must have a use-by date. This means they cannot be sold after that date. You will find use-by dates on foods with a short shelf life, such as meat, fish and dairy products. Nutrition Facts Nutrition Facts tell you the quantity of various nutrients a food contains per serve, as well as per 100g or 100ml. Ingredients All ingredients must be listed in descending order by weight, including added water. The first ingredient listed contributed the largest amount and the last ingredient listed contributed the least. Here is a sample. INGREDIENTS: Itallan Tomaloes (Papnka TomeToratoPure). Rcota Cheese [Milk (Whole and Skim), Vinegar, Salt), Paua (Durum Semolina), Water, Mozzarella Cheese (Pastcurited Milk. Cheese Cultures. Salt. Enzymes). Beef, Pork, Onion, Romano Cheese (Pasicurized Cow’s Milk. Cahares, Salt Enzymes). Whole Egg. Salt Splees, Garlic. Onion Powder. Garlic Powder. paprika. 1. Which product is more likely to be labeled with a “use-by” date? A. Canned tomatoes. B. Fresh chicken. C. Packaged biscuits. D. Bottled water. 2. How many calories would you take in by eating the whole container of Frozen Lasagna? A. 227. B. 280. C. 908. D. 1,120. 3. Which ingredient has the highest percentage in Frozen Lasagna? A. Italian Tomatoes. B. Pasta. C. Ricotta Cheese. D. Paprika. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。介绍了食品标签包含的信息，如日期标识、营养成分、配料表等，并结合示例标签说明具体内容。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Date marking: Use-by and best before dates部分第三段“Foods that should not be consumed after a certain date for health and safety reasons must have a use-by date. (出于健康和安全考虑，超过特定日期就不应食用的食品必须标注保质期)”及“You will find use-by dates on foods with a short shelf life, such as meat, fish and dairy products. (保质期较短的食品会标注保质期，例如肉类、鱼类和乳制品)”可知，保质期短的食品，如肉类，会标注use-by日期，Fresh chicken (新鲜鸡肉)属于此类。故选B项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据示意图中“Serving Information (食用分量说明)”：“4 servings per container (每盒4份)”、“Calories 280 (per serving) (每份热量280卡路里)”可知，整盒的热量为280×4=1120。故选D项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据示意图最下方Ingredients部分“All ingredients must be listed in descending order by weight, including added water. (所有配料必须按重量从多到少降序排列，包括添加的水)”，结合示例配料表的首位是“Italian Tomatoes (意大利番茄)”可知，其占比最高。故选A项。 B A letter from a prime minister, a child’s notebook, a prized sporting medal: what do these things have in common? On the surface, not much at all. But for Tony Armstrong’s Extra-Ordinary Things, that doesn’t matter in the slightest. In this five-part ABC TV series and accompanying exhibition at the National Museum of Australia, it’s not really the objects themselves that matter; it’s the stories and people behind them that construct a story about the nation and its past. This project sees popular television presenter Tony Armstrong travel the country in search of items for his special exhibition. Some objects capture major moments in Australian history. The anti-Iraq war protest that saw the words NO WAR painted on the sails of the Sydney Opera House in 2003 is represented by the paint tray used for the act. Through a memorial pin held by Harbour Bridge construction worker George Killen’s great-granddaughter, we hear the forgotten story of how one worker selflessly dived into the cold waters of the harbour below to save a friend. Turns out, the ordinary can be extra-ordinary. This doesn’t mean the project shies away from the dark aspects of our past. In one episode, Armstrong speaks from the edge of the “exclusion (排斥) zone” that marked the area in Perth where First Nations people, only seventy years ago, were not permitted to enter freely. Sometimes light-hearted, sometimes heart-breaking, Extra-Ordinary Things is largely optimistic in tone. It is an example of how storytelling can bridge divides, allow us to confront realities, and enable us to make choices that might go some way to addressing wrongs. When I asked Armstrong what he hoped the project would achieve, he said: “I hope it gets people telling stories.” Whether you’re asking your grandma or your friends to share their extraordinary things, his advice is to “be eager to discover, be curious.” 4. What do we know about the objects listed in paragraph 1? A. Rare but tie to everyday life. B. Tiny but represent official records. C. Ordinary but hold special meaning. D. Historic but mask personal connections. 5. Why is the memorial pin mentioned in paragraph 3? A. To present a fact. B. To illustrate a point. C. To explore a rule. D. To clarify a concept. 6. What message does Armstrong want to convey in his project? A. History is full of injustice. B. History is made up of fun stories. C. Painful things should be left behind. D. All historical facts should be acknowledged. 7. What does Armstrong encourage viewers to do? A. Seek stories with an inquiring mind. B. Engage their family with better stories. C. Collect ordinary items for the exhibition. D. Study professional storytelling techniques. 【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一档电视节目及其展览，这一项目通过普通物品背后的故事展现澳大利亚的历史，既包含感人瞬间也直面黑暗过往，旨在鼓励人们以好奇心发掘和分享故事。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“A letter from a prime minister, a child’s notebook, a prized sporting medal: what do these things have in common? On the surface, not much at all. (一封首相的信，一个孩子的笔记本，一枚珍贵的体育奖牌：这些东西有什么共同之处？从表面上看，没什么)”和第二段中“it’s not really the objects themselves that matter; it’s the stories and people behind them that construct a story about the nation and its past (真正重要的并非这些物件本身，而是它们背后的人物和故事——正是这些构建了一个关于国家及其历史的故事)”可知，这些物品看似普通但有特殊意义。故选C项。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Through a memorial pin held by Harbour Bridge construction worker George Killen’s great-granddaughter, we hear the forgotten story of how one worker selflessly dived into the cold waters of the harbour below to save a friend. Turns out, the ordinary can be extra-ordinary. (通过海港大桥建筑工人George Killen的曾孙女拿着的纪念别针，我们听到了一个被遗忘的故事：一名工人如何无私地跳入冰冷的海港拯救朋友。事实证明，平凡也可以变得非凡)”可知，别针的例子用于阐明后文的观点——普通物品因其背后的人物和故事而变得非凡。故选B项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Some objects capture major moments in Australian history. (一些物品记录了澳大利亚历史上的重要时刻)”、第四段中“This doesn’t mean the project shies away from the dark aspects of our past. (这并不意味着该项目回避了我们过去的黑暗面)”和第五段中“It is an example of how storytelling can bridge divides, allow us to confront realities, and enable us to make choices that might go some way to addressing wrongs. (这是一个例子，说明讲故事可以弥合分歧，让我们面对现实，让我们做出可能在某种程度上纠正错误的选择)”可知，该项目既记录正面的重要时刻，也直面历史黑暗，希望人们可以面对现实，可推知Armstrong传达的讯息是“所有的历史事实都应该被承认”。故选D项。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“When I asked Armstrong what he hoped the project would achieve, he said: “I hope it gets people telling stories.” Whether you’re asking your grandma or your friends to share their extraordinary things, his advice is to “be eager to discover, be curious.” (当我问Armstrong他希望这个项目能达到什么目的时，他说：“我希望它能让人们讲故事。”无论你是让你的奶奶还是你的朋友分享他们非凡的事情，他的建议是“渴望发现，保持好奇。”)”可知，他鼓励观众以好奇心寻找故事。故选A项。 C Second place is just the first loser. While the competitive spirit may be as natural as breathing air, it doesn’t always lead to human flourishing and can create misery. Fortunately, there is a formula to solve this problem: instead of always going for gold, shoot for the bronze. Though second place may be the first loser, third place can be the real winner regarding happiness and longevity. In a 1995 study, scholars systematically coded the emotional reactions of silver and bronze medalists in the 1992 Summer Olympic Games. Using slow-motion footage captured both immediately after their events and later on the awards podium (领奖台), researchers found the bronze winners appeared consistently happier on average than the silver medalists. Over 80% of bronze medalists exhibited genuine smiles, a figure that was nearly double that observed among silver medalists. Moreover, every bronze medalist’s smile lasted longer than the average smile observed among the silver medalists. More recent research has looked at the life span of all three medalist categories. A 2018 study tracked the average longevity of those representing the U.S. in the Olympic Games from 1904 to 1936 and found that the athlete whose best performance was silver lived to 72. Gold medalists beat this by four years, living to 76. But first prize in longevity went to the bronze medalists, who lived to 78. The study had a handy explanation for this discrepancy: “Unsatisfactory competition outcomes may adversely affect health.” In other words, silver medalists see themselves as the first loser because they look up to the top step and compare themselves only with the gold medalists, whereas the bronze winners compare themselves favorably with all the others who never made it onto the podium at all. This theory shows the difference between upward and downward social comparison. When we compare ourselves with those who have more money, power, or achievements, we often feel like, well, losers. It tends to lower motivation and increase stress. In contrast, downward comparison makes people feel better about themselves and, thus, happier. The worldly happiness strategy of striving for gold every day is foolish. It tends to lower the intrinsic motivation, and thus enjoyment that people obtain from their activities. The principle at work here is trying to improve your own past performance and the only person to whom you will have to compare yourself is you. 8. What can be learned from the 1995 study? A. Silver medalists showed less happiness than bronze winners. B. Silver medalists’ smiling frequency was close to that of gold medalists. C. The average bronze medalist’s smile lasted longer than every silver medalist’s. D. The emotions of both medalists were unchanged from the events to the podium. 9. What is the cause of the difference in medalists’ life span? A. The stress from downward social comparison. B. The motivation from upward social comparison. C. The effect of different types of social comparison. D. The failure to look up to the top after the competition. 10. What does the writer advise us to do to achieve happiness? A. Learn from the top performers. B. Try to be the best in every field. C. Commit to one’s consistent personal growth. D. Strengthen the motivation to obtain achievement. 11. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. The Triumph of Coming in Third B. The Problem of Human Competition C. The Mechanism of Social Comparison D. The Psychology of the Olympic Medalists 【答案】8. A 9. C 10. C 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了研究发现铜牌获得者在幸福程度和长寿方面是真正的赢家，因为银牌得主将自己看作第一个失败者，他们向上比较，而铜牌得主将自己与所有那些没得奖的人比较，他们向下比较。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Using slow-motion footage captured both immediately after their events and later on the awards podium (讲台), researchers found the bronze winners appeared consistently happier on average than the silver medalists. Over 80% of bronze medalists exhibited genuine smiles, a figure that was nearly double that observed among silver medalists. Moreover, every bronze medalist’s smile lasted longer than the average smile observed among the silver medalists.(研究人员慢动作镜头捕捉了紧跟比赛结束后和稍后在颁奖台上的情况，发现铜牌获得者的平均表现的开心程度一直高于银牌获得者。超过80%的铜牌获得者展现出真诚的笑容，这一数字几乎是银牌获得者的两倍。此外，每位铜牌获得者的笑容都比银牌获得者的平均笑容持续的时间长。)”可知，1995年的研究发现铜牌得主比银牌得主表现得更开心，也就是说银牌得主没有铜牌得主表现得开心。故选A。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The study had a handy explanation for this discrepancy: “Unsatisfactory competition outcomes may adversely affect health.” In other words, silver medalists see themselves as the first loser because they look up to the top step and compare themselves only with the gold medalists, whereas the bronze winners compare themselves favorably with all the others who never made it onto the podium at all. This theory shows the difference between upward and downward social comparison.(这项研究对这种差异有一个方便的解释：“不令人满意的比赛结果可能会对健康产生不利影响。”换句话说，银牌获得者认为自己是第一个失败者，因为他们仰望最高台阶，只将自己与金牌获得者进行比较，而铜牌获得者则将自己与所有从未登上领奖台的人进行比较。这一理论表明了向上和向下社会比较之间的差异。)”可知，奖牌得主寿命的差异反映了不同奖牌得主向上和向下社会比较之间的心理差异。故选C。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The principle at work here is trying to improve your own past performance and the only person to whom you will have to compare yourself is you.(这里起作用的原则是努力提高自己过去的表现，你唯一需要与之比较的人就是你自己。)”可知，要致力于提高自我，与自己比较，由此可推测，作者建议要致力于个人的不断成长。故选C。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“Though second place may be the first loser, third place can be the real winner regarding happiness and longevity.(虽然第二名可能是第一个失败者，但在幸福和长寿方面，第三名可能是真正的赢家。)”可知，本文主要讲述了第三名在幸福和长寿方面是真正的赢家，并通过研究证实这一观点，反映了他们向上和向下社会比较的心理差异，呼吁专注自我提高、与自己比较。所以A项“第三名的胜利”最适合作本文标题。故选A。 D “When my husband does the dishes he always leaves some plates in the sink, some surface unwiped. I tried to correct the behavior until I remembered that if I finish everything in my Work in Progress folder I’m afraid I’ll die,” Sarah Manguso once said. Yet the truth is that completion recharges energy, rather than using it up. Perfectionists love to begin new projects, because as long as you haven’t done any work on a project, it’s possible to believe that the end result might match the ideal in your mind. By contrast, finishing things means struggling your way through the messy, imperfect reality. Social psychologists describe what’s going on here with “construal level theory”, which refers to the way we envision objects and events from different mental altitudes. For example, when considering how to spend your next summer holiday, you’re likely to picture it from 30,000 feet — “going to the beach”, or “hiking in the mountains”. But when it nears, you start focusing on details like which beach, or mountain trails. Similarly, any major undertaking starts as outlines, smooth; only when digging in do you face imperfections and then mistakenly assume that a new project might be free of them. And yet, in reality, repeatedly starting but rarely finishing things is a recipe for suffering. People think finishing things “would exhaust even more of their energy and they get tired just thinking about it”, Steve Chandler writes. They don’t see “that leaving things unfinished is what’s causing the low levels of energy”. The trick to finishing things is simply to redefine what counts as finished. Instead of viewing a project’s completion as only occasional, after days or weeks of work, think of your days as sequential (连续的) small “deliverables.” Each ending provides an energy-boost for the next. “Work is done, then forgotten,” says the Tao Te Ching (《道德经》), “Therefore it lasts forever.” You’re no longer fighting the current, but letting it carry you forward. 12. According to paragraph 2, perfectionists ________. A. see a job through its end B. tend to start new projects repeatedly C. focus not on the result but on the process D. solve problems efficiently without much effort 13. Which is the best understanding of “construal level theory”? A. Early plan simplifies tasks. B. Unfinished work exhausts energy. C. Abstract goals are less motivating. D. Judgement shifts with mental distance. 14. What does the underlined word “deliverables” in paragraph 5 probably refer to? A. Tracking tools. B. Valuable parcels. C. Finished tasks. D. Demanding projects. 15. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. The Truth of Completion B. The Power of Imperfection C. A Guide to Starting Projects D. Perfectionism in Daily Work 【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过心理学理论分析完美主义者逃避完成项目的原因，指出未完成事项反而消耗能量，并建议将大任务拆解为小型可交付的成果，以通过连续完成获得动力。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Perfectionists love to begin new projects, because as long as you haven’t done any work on a project, it’s possible to believe that the end result might match the ideal in your mind. (完美主义者喜欢开始新项目，因为只要还没真正着手去做，他们就可能相信最终结果会符合心中的理想)”可知，完美主义者倾向于反复开始新项目。故选B项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Social psychologists describe what’s going on here with “construal level theory”, which refers to the way we envision objects and events from different mental altitudes. For example, when considering how to spend your next summer holiday, you’re likely to picture it from 30,000 feet — “going to the beach”, or “hiking in the mountains”. But when it nears, you start focusing on details like which beach, or mountain trails. (社会心理学家用“解释水平理论”来描述这里发生的事情，它指的是我们从不同的心理高度想象物体和事件的方式。例如，当考虑如何度过你的下一个暑假时，你可能会从3万英尺的高空想象它——“去海滩”，或者“在山上徒步旅行”。但当它临近时，你开始关注细节，比如哪个海滩或山间小径)”可知，该理论核心是判断随着心理距离的变化而变化。故选D项。 【14题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“The trick to finishing things is simply to redefine what counts as finished. Instead of viewing a project’s completion as only occasional (完成事情的诀窍很简单，就是重新定义什么是完成。不要把一个项目的完成看成是偶然的)”和下文“Each ending provides an energy-boost for the next. (每个结束都会为下一个提供能量)”可知，此处建议改变对完成的看法，强调完成可以持续带来能量，由此推知，画线词所在句是建议化大为小，把日子想象成连续的小的“可交付成果”，画线词意思是“已完成的任务”。故选C项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Yet the truth is that completion recharges energy, rather than using it up. (然而，事实是，完成任务可以补充能量，而不是耗尽能量)”可知，文章围绕“完成”的真实意义展开，批判完美主义者的只开始不完成行为，解释未完成事项实际消耗能量，最后提出重新定义完成的解决方案。因此，A项“完成的真相”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Ah, punctuality — the art of being precisely on time. It’s a concept so deeply rooted in some cultures that even being a minute late can cause a small-scale panic attack. ____16____ Let’s examine whether punctuality is the defining feature of a superior society or merely another subjective construct. Each part of the world has a unique relationship with time, enriching the fabric of global culture. In Japan, for example, you’re always expected to arrive on time, and preferably a few minutes early. ____17____ Tough luck, but the next one will be there precisely on the dot. In contrast, the Philippines has a more relaxed approach to time. If someone says 3 o’clock, arriving around 3:30 is common and expected. This isn’t laziness, but a cultural preference for living in the moment. But does being punctual make a culture more advanced? The Swiss are celebrated for their precision and punctuality, often cited as a perfect example of efficiency. Their trains run on time, their watches are the gold standard. ____18____ And Switzerland is often ranked as one of the most developed and happiest countries in the world, but let’s wait a bit to conclude. Consider the case of Brazil, where “Brazilian time” is a well-known concept. ____19____ If you attend a party at the specified time, you’ll likely find the host still in their bathrobe. Many Brazilians have a laid-back approach to life.They don’t sweat the small stuff like running five minutes late because they’re busy enjoying life. Many live by the motto, “Tudo bem,” which means “It’s all good.” Honestly, they seem to be onto something. So, is punctuality essential? It depends on what cultures you are in. Whether you’re a stickler for punctuality or more laid-back, what truly matters is how you spend your time. ____20____ Let’s try to find that middle ground where we can respect others’ time while embracing the joy of living in the moment. Ultimately, time is just a construct, and life is too short to stress about being late. A. Miss a train by a minute? B. Punctuality is timeless art. C. But is punctuality essential? D. In this context, punctuality is flexible. E. You could set your clock by their daily routines. F. There, being late is not only accepted but expected. G. Are you enjoying the journey or constantly watching the clock? 【答案】16. C 17. A 18. E 19. F 20. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了守时这一习惯是否为衡量一个社会优越性的标准，指出不同文化对守时的看法不同，重要的是如何利用时间。 【16题详解】 上文“It’s a concept so deeply rooted in some cultures that even being a minute late can cause a small-scale panic attack.(守时这一概念在某些文化中根深蒂固，以至于哪怕迟到一分钟都可能引发一场小规模的恐慌)”强调了守时在部分文化中的重要性。空处需要承接前文，引发下文对“守时是否是优越社会的标志或主观建构”的探讨，与前文为转折设问关系，起到承上启下的作用。C项“但守时真的必不可少吗？”中的But体现转折，“is punctuality essential”直接呼应下文的核心探讨，符合语境。故选C。 【17题详解】 上文“In Japan, for example, you’re always expected to arrive on time, and preferably a few minutes early.(例如，在日本，人们总是被要求准时到达，最好还能提前几分钟)”说明了日本对守时的严格要求。空后“Tough luck, but the next one will be there precisely on the dot.(运气不好，但下一班列车会准点到达)”提到了“下一班列车”，可推断空处与“错过列车”相关。A项“迟到一分钟错过列车？”以设问形式衔接前文的守时要求，引出后文关于列车准点的内容，空处与前文为顺接假设关系，符合逻辑。故选A。 【18题详解】 上文“The Swiss are celebrated for their precision and punctuality, often cited as a perfect example of efficiency. Their trains run on time, their watches are the gold standard.(瑞士人以其精准和守时而闻名，常被奉为效率的完美典范。他们的列车准点运行，手表是业界标杆)”详细描述了瑞士人的守时和精准。空处需要进一步补充瑞士人守时的表现，与前文为顺接补充关系。E项“你可以根据他们的日常作息来校准时钟。”形象地体现了瑞士人作息的规律性和守时性，是对前文“精准和守时”的进一步说明，符合语境。故选E。 【19题详解】 上文“Consider the case of Brazil, where “Brazilian time” is a well-known concept.(以巴西为例，“巴西时间”是一个众所周知的概念)”引出巴西的时间观念。空后“If you attend a party at the specified time, you’ll likely find the host still in their bathrobe.(如果你按指定时间参加派对，很可能会发现主人还穿着浴袍)”说明巴西人对迟到的包容。F项“在那里，迟到不仅被接受，甚至是意料之中的事。” 中的“There”指代巴西，“not only accepted but expected”准确概括了巴西对迟到的态度，空处与前文为顺接解释关系，衔接后文的具体例子，符合逻辑。故选F。 【20题详解】 上文“Whether you’re a stickler for punctuality or more laid-back, what truly matters is how you spend your time.(无论你是严守守时的人还是更随性的人，真正重要的是你如何度过时间)”强调“如何度过时间”比“是否守时”更重要。空处需要进一步探讨“如何度过时间”的具体内涵，与前文为顺接设问关系，引发读者思考。G项“你是在享受过程，还是一直在盯着时钟？”以设问形式呼应前文的“如何度过时间”，区分了“享受生活”与“纠结时间”两种态度，为下文“寻找中间立场”做铺垫，符合语境。故选G。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Imagine going to the dentist knowing you are in for a lot of pain — without anesthesia (麻醉). And imagine being a dentist seeing people in pain but feeling ____21____ about it. Dentist William T. Morton, who felt it deeply, ____22____ to make sure people wouldn’t feel anything at all. ____23____ curiosity and kindness, Morton set out to explore ways to ____24____ the pain without harming patients. He ____25____ tireless experiments, which led him to ether (乙醚), a substance that was occasionally mentioned in scientific circles but had never been used ____26____. On October 16, 1846, Morton ____27____ in a surgery to show the effectiveness of ether as anesthetic at a hospital. In front of an audience of surgeons who were ____28____ of him, Morton ____29____ ether to a patient, who needed to remove a neck tumor (肿瘤). As the procedure began, the room fell silent — not due to fear or uncertainty, but ____30____ at the fact that the patient showed no signs of pain. Morton’s ____31____ of anesthesia was a success, securing his place in medical history. Morton’s story was not merely one about scientific achievement but also one about perseverance against his ____32____. He was, after all, a dentist without ____33____ surgical training background yet he was practicing a surgeon’s job. However, his hard work ____34____ that surgery would no longer mean suffering terrible pain — a ____35____ seen in every pain-free procedure performed worldwide today. 21. A. positive B. powerless C. concerned D. confused 22. A. excused B. escaped C. hesitated D. resolved 23. A. Out of B. Instead of C. In spite of D. In case of 24. A. recover B. hide C. relieve D. expose 25. A. figured out B. engaged in C. relied on D. counted in 26. A. intentionally B. symbolically C. mentally D. clinically 27. A. assisted B. debated C. whispered D. complained 28. A. ashamed B. mindful C. suspicious D. fond 29. A. introduced B. limited C. delivered D. applied 30. A. target B. shock C. madness D. anger 31. A. demonstration B. response C. improvement D. translation 32. A. wills B. colleagues C. critics D. guides 33. A. flexible B. immediate C. sudden D. conventional 34. A. denied B. ensured C. predicted D. explained 35. A. breakthrough B. shortcoming C. trend D. test 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了牙医William T. Morton通过不懈探索，将乙醚作为麻醉剂应用于手术，攻克牙科治疗疼痛难题，在医学史上留下重要突破的故事。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：再想象一下，作为一名牙医，看着人们痛苦不堪，却对此感到无能为力。A. positive积极的；B. powerless无力的；C. concerned担忧的；D. confused困惑的。根据上文“seeing people in pain but”的转折逻辑可知，此处指牙医的无力感，powerless符合语境。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：牙医William T. Morton对此深有体会，决心确保人们完全不会感到疼痛。A. excused原谅；B. escaped逃离；C. hesitated犹豫；D. resolved决心。根据下文“Morton set out to explore ways to __4__ the pain without harming patients”可知，此处指Morton下定决心解决问题，resolved符合语境。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：出于好奇与善意，Morton开始探索在不伤害患者的前提下缓解疼痛的方法。A. Out of出于；B. Instead of而不是；C. In spite of尽管；D. In case of万一。根据下文“curiosity and kindness”及“Morton set out to explore ways”可知，好奇与善意是Morton行动的动机，Out of符合语境。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：出于好奇与善意，Morton开始探索在不伤害患者的前提下缓解疼痛的方法。A. recover恢复；B. hide隐藏；C. relieve缓解；D. expose暴露。根据上文“imagine being a dentist seeing people in pain”及“make sure people wouldn’t feel anything at all”可知，此处指探索方法以减轻疼痛，relieve符合语境。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他投身于持久的实验，最终发现了乙醚——一种在科学界偶尔被提及，但从未被临床使用过的物质。A. figured out弄清楚；B. engaged in投身于；C. relied on依赖；D. counted in算入。根据上文“Morton set out to explore ways”及下文“tireless experiments”可知，此处指投身于实验，engaged in符合语境。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他投身于持久的实验，最终发现了乙醚——一种在科学界偶尔被提及，但从未被临床使用过的物质。A. intentionally故意地；B. symbolically象征性地；C. mentally精神上；D. clinically临床地。根据下文“in a surgery”可知，此处指未用于临床场景，clinically符合语境。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：1846年10月16日，Morton在一家医院的手术中协助展示乙醚作为麻醉剂的效果。A. assisted协助；B. debated辩论；C. whispered 低语；D. complained抱怨。根据下文“to show the effectiveness of ether as anesthetic”及“In front of an audience of surgeons”可知，此处指在手术中帮忙展示，assisted符合语境。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一群对他持怀疑态度的外科医生面前，Morton给一位需要切除颈部肿瘤的患者使用了乙醚。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. mindful留意的；C. suspicious怀疑的；D. fond喜爱的。根据上文“a substance that was occasionally mentioned in scientific circles but had never been used __6__”及下文“the room fell silent — not due to fear or uncertainty”可知，起初医生们不相信他，suspicious符合语境。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一群对他持怀疑态度的外科医生面前，Morton给一位需要切除颈部肿瘤的患者使用了乙醚。A. introduced介绍；B. limited限制；C. delivered递送；D. applied应用。根据下文“the patient showed no signs of pain”可知，此处指给患者使用乙醚，applied符合语境。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：手术开始时，房间安静下来，不是因为恐惧或不确定，而是因为患者没有表现出任何疼痛迹象而感到震惊。A. target目标；B. shock震惊；C. madness疯狂；D. anger愤怒。根据上文“surgeons who were __8__ of him”及“the patient showed no signs of pain”可知，这一结果让众人震惊，shock符合语境。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Morton对麻醉剂的展示取得了成功，奠定了他在医学史上的地位。A. demonstration展示；B. response回应；C. improvement改进；D. translation翻译。根据上文“to show the effectiveness of ether as anesthetic”可知，此处指这次展示，demonstration符合语境。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Morton的故事不仅是科学成就，也是他战胜批评者的坚韧故事。A. wills意志；B. colleagues同事；C. critics批评者；D. guides向导。根据上文“surgeons who were __8__ of him”可知，此处指克服他人的批评质疑，critics符合语境。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，他是一名牙医，没有常规的外科培训背景，却在做外科医生的工作。A. flexible灵活的；B. immediate立即的；C. sudden突然的；D. conventional常规的。根据上文“a dentist”及“practicing a surgeon’s job”可知，他没有常规的外科培训，conventional符合语境。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，他的努力确保了手术不再意味着承受剧痛——这一突破体现在如今全球每一场无痛手术中。A. denied否认；B. ensured确保；C. predicted预测；D. explained解释。根据下文“surgery would no longer mean suffering terrible pain”可知，此处指他的成果让这一结果成为现实，ensured符合语境。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他的努力确保了手术不再意味着承受剧痛——这一突破体现在如今全球每一场无痛手术中。A. breakthrough突破；B. shortcoming缺点；C. trend趋势；D. test测试。根据上文“going to the dentist knowing you are in for a lot of pain — without anesthesia (麻醉)”、“surgery would no longer mean suffering terrible pain”及下文“every pain-free procedure performed worldwide today”可知，此处指医学上的重大突破，breakthrough符合语境。故选A。 第Ⅱ卷（非选择题 满分55分） 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Early Chinese characters originated from pictorial symbols and then the ____36____ (evolve) of Chinese characters gradually began. When Qin Shi Huang, China’s first emperor, established the Qin Dynasty and united the country, he promoted ____37____ uniform writing system absorbing characters from various regions. An exhibited bronze tablet in Chengdu museum ____38____ (carve) with 40 characters, which was made in 221 BC when he united China, documented Qin Shi Huang’s law to standardize the nation’s weights and measures. The bronze tablet ____39____ (specific) reflected how a nation’s governing system ____40____ (build) up. The Chinese writing system is a solid foundation of a united country with various ethnic groups. Other than the political significance, hanzi symbolizes the inheritance of culture and fine art. Later, Chinese characters became an art form, and calligraphy emerged as a result. Calligraphy, ____41____ displays the beauty of writing, has become a ____42____ (remark) art form in Chinese culture. The handwritten pieces of literati (文人) , high ____43____ (official), and even emperors are passed down from generation to generation, ____44____ (reflect) the profound respect for artistic expression and cultural heritage. At present, hanzi is the only ancient writing system ____45____ use in the world. It is a bridge of communication between China and the world, a carrier for recording and inheriting Chinese civilization, and a link in maintaining national unity and promoting ethnic integration. 【答案】36. evolution 37. a 38. carved 39. specifically 40. was built 41. which 42. remarkable 43. officials 44. reflecting 45. in 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了汉字从象形符号起源到统一书写系统的发展历程，以及汉字作为艺术形式（书法）和文化载体的重要性。 【36题详解】 考查名词。句意：中国早期文字起源于象形符号，随后汉字的演变进程逐渐开启。根据空前的“the”和空后的“of”可知，空处应用名词作主语，evolve的名词形式为evolution“演变”。故填evolution。 【37题详解】 考查冠词。句意：秦始皇作为中国首位皇帝，建立秦朝并统一全国后，推行了一套融合各地文字的统一书写体系。writing system为单数可数名词，前面需要冠词限定，此处表泛指，且uniform是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 【38题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：成都博物馆展出的一块青铜碑上刻有40个文字，该碑制作于公元前221年他统一中国之时，记载了秦始皇统一度量衡的法令。句子谓语为documented，空处为非谓语动词作An exhibited bronze tablet的后置定语，动词carve与逻辑主语An exhibited bronze tablet之间是被动关系，应用其过去分词形式carved。故填carved。 【39题详解】 考查副词。句意：这块青铜碑具体反映了一个国家的治理体系是如何建立起来的。空处为副词作状语修饰动词reflected，specific的副词形式为specifically“具体地”。故填specifically。 【40题详解】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这块青铜碑具体反映了一个国家的治理体系是如何建立起来的。空处为how引导的宾语从句的谓语动词，根据主句谓语动词“reflected”可知，应用一般过去时；主语a nation’s governing system为单数，与动词build之间构成被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态的单数形式was built。故填was built。 【41题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：书法展现了文字之美，已成为中国文化中一种非凡的艺术形式。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Calligraphy，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which来引导。故填which。 【42题详解】 考查形容词。句意：书法展现了文字之美，已成为中国文化中一种非凡的艺术形式。空处为形容词作定语修饰名词art form，remark的形容词形式为remarkable“非凡的”。故填remarkable。 【43题详解】 考查名词。句意：文人、高官乃至帝王的手书作品代代相传，反映了人们对艺术表达与文化遗产的深切尊崇。and 连接并列成分，前文的“literati”及后文的“emperors”均为复数形式，故official需用复数officials，表 “高官们”。故填officials。 【44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：文人、高官乃至帝王的手书作品代代相传，反映了人们对艺术表达与文化遗产的深切尊崇。句子谓语动词为are passed down，空处为非谓语动词作伴随状语，动词reflect的逻辑主语为前面的主句“The handwritten pieces of literati, high 8  (official), and even emperors are passed down from generation to generation”，二者之间构成主动关系，应用现在分词reflecting。故填reflecting。 【45题详解】 考查介词。句意：如今，汉字是世界上唯一仍在使用的古老文字体系。in use为固定搭配，表“在使用中”，作writing system的后置定语。故填in。 第四部分 书面表达（共两小节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 近日，一些学校开始尝试使用AI辅助心理咨询。你校英文报就此现象开展征文活动，请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1.你的观点； 2.你的理由。 注意： (1)写作词数应为80左右： (2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Recently, some schools have started using AI to give advice to students on psychological matters. Personally, I consider this an innovative and beneficial step forward. First, AI can provide immediate, around-the-clock consultations, making professional support accessible at any critical moment. Second, by analyzing data patterns, AI tools can help counselors identify students who might need urgent help. However, it must be stressed that AI serves only as a supportive tool, not a replacement. The warmth, empathy, and personalized care that only human counselors can offer remain irreplaceable. In conclusion, when used correctly, AI can be a valuable tool in supporting student mental health. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就“学校使用AI辅助心理咨询”这一现象向校报投稿，阐述个人观点及理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 创新的：innovative → pioneering/ groundbreaking 即时的：immediate → instant/ prompt 识别：identify → detect/ recognize 强调：stress → emphasize/ underscore 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Second, by analyzing data patterns, AI tools can help counselors identify students who might need urgent help. 拓展句：Second, AI tools can analyze data patterns, helping counselors identify students who might need urgent help. 【点睛】【高分句型1】First, AI can provide immediate, around-the-clock consultations, making professional support accessible at any critical moment.(运用了现在分词短语“making professional support accessible at any critical moment”作状语) 【高分句型2】However, it must be stressed that AI serves only as a supportive tool, not a replacement.(运用了形式主语it和that引导的主语从句) 第二节 读后续写（满分25分） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 May had just finished gluing two eyes onto her new craft (手工艺品) when Mom walked into her room. “Wow, an impressive Chinese dragon! Will that be keeping you company tomorrow?” Mom asked with a smile. May’s stomach tightened. Tomorrow was her first day at a new school. Her family had just moved from China to this new country over the summer. Seeing the worry on May’s face, Mom added, “New-school nerves, right? I bet you’ll make all kinds of friends just by being you.” She kissed the top of May’s head before leaving the room. As May packed her backpack, she thought about Mom’s words. She hoped Mom was right. The next morning, she decided to bring Longlong, her handmade Chinese dragon, to school. Throughout the morning, it helped to know Longlong was nearby. May found the courage to get through hellos and small talks without turning bright red. Everything was going fine—until she checked her bag after the break. Longlong was missing! Her confidence disappeared. And now it was lunchtime. How could she face a room full of kids she didn’t know? As her class lined up outside the lunchroom, May busied herself by reading the posters on the wall. One caught her eye: Want to Join an After School Club? Sign up by Friday! Chess, Math, Cooking, Drama, Kickball… OR See Mrs. Miller in Room 301, Teaching Building B with New Ideas! Mom had told May clubs could be a way to make friends with kids who shared her interests. But none of these clubs seemed quite right. Just then, a voice called, “Hey, you! In the red shirt!” May turned. A girl walked up and handed her Longlong, saying it had fallen from her backpack. She introduced herself as Olivia, a student from Mrs. Miller’s class. May thanked her and felt braver as she held Longlong again. When Olivia learned that May had made it herself, she said she also liked crafts and asked if May could teach her. 注意： (1)续写词数应为150个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 “Sure! Want to meet here after school?” May asked. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ May got a new idea and she decided o have a talk with Mrs. Miller. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】“Sure! Want to meet here after school?” May asked. Olivia’s face lit up with excitement. “That would be awesome!” she replied. The two girls started chatting animatedly about all the craft ideas they had, like making friendship bracelets and paper lanterns. As they talked, May felt a sense of ease she hadn't felt all day. When the line started moving into the lunchroom, they sat together, still engrossed in their conversation about crafts. May got a new idea and she decided to have a talk with Mrs. Miller. After lunch, she made her way to Room 301 in Teaching Building B. She walked in nervously but when she saw Mrs. Miller’s warm smile, her courage grew. May explained her love for crafts and how she hoped to start a craft club. Mrs. Miller was delighted and said it was a wonderful idea. With Mrs. Miller’s support, May couldn't wait to tell Olivia and start their very own craft club, looking forward to making more friends who shared their passion. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了刚从中国搬到新国家的May，在新学校第一天因手工中国龙“龙龙”丢失而焦虑，后被Olivia归还并结为好友，最终在Olivia的影响和Miller老师的支持下，决定创办手工俱乐部，逐渐适应新的学校生活的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容““当然可以！放学后要不要在这里见？”May问道。”以及第二段首句内容“May突然有了一个新想法，她决定去找Miller老师谈谈。”可知，第一段可描写May和Olivia相谈甚欢，她突然有了个想法。 ②由第二段首句内容“May突然有了一个新想法，她决定去找Miller老师谈谈。”可知，第二段可描写May突然想到可以建议Miller老师创办一个手工俱乐部，而Miller也觉得这个想法很棒。 2.续写线索：May提出和Olivia放学后见面——两人见面后兴致勃勃聊起了手工——而两人的交谈也给了May一个新的想法——于是，May决定和Miller老师谈谈，她建议Miller老师可以创办一个手工俱乐部——老师觉得这个主意不错——有了老师的支持，May迫不及待想和Olivia分享这个消息——May也对新的学校生活充满了期待 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①全神贯注于：be engrossed in/be lost in ②与某人谈话：have a talk with sb/ talk with sb ③前往、去某处：make one's way to/head for 情绪类 ①绝妙的：awesome/splendid/wonderful ②高兴的：delighted/happy 【点睛】【高分句型1】As they talked, May felt a sense of ease she hadn't felt all day.（运用了as引导的时间状语从句和省略关系代词that/which的定语从句修饰先行词a sense of ease） 【高分句型2】When the line started moving into the lunchroom, they sat together, still engrossed in their conversation about crafts.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $