语法串讲01（六种时态、被动语态）（期末复习讲义）九年级英语上学期外研版

该初中英语期末复习讲义以六种时态和被动语态为核心，通过表格梳理语法点、常考题型及命题趋势，分点构建知识框架，系统呈现各时态的谓语构成、句式变化和用法，用对比示例突出时态区别与被动语态转换等重难点，脉络清晰。 讲义亮点在于情境化例句设计与分层练习体系，如用生活场景句理解时态用法，通过基础通关选择题、重难突破语法填空等覆盖不同层次，培养语言运用与思维辨析能力。配套易混易错词形转换和中考链接题，助力学生自主复习，便于教师实施精准教学。

专题01 语法串讲1（六种时态、被动语态）（期末复习讲义） 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 六种时态、被动语态 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 六种时态 1、一般现在时 知识点01谓语构成： 是由“动词原形”或“动词第三人称单数形式”（当主语为第三人称单数）、“be动词（am/is/are）”构成。 知识点02各种句式变化 否定形式是在动词前加don’t或doesn’t。如果是be动词，则直接在be后加not。一般疑问句要借助do或does，后面的动词改为原形。如果是be动词，则把be动词放到句首。如： He is a teacher. // He is not a teacher. // ---- Is he a teacher? --- Yes, he is. (No, he isn’t.) I go to school by bike. // I don’t go to school by bike. // ---- Do you go to school by bike? ---- Yes, I do. (No, I don’t.) He eats an egg at breakfast. // He doesn’t eat an egg at breakfast. ---- Does he eat an egg at breakfast? ---- Yes, he does. (No, he doesn’t) 知识点03 一般现在时的基本用法 ① 经常、反复或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。常见的时间状语有：always, usually, often, sometimes, every day (week, month, year…), once a week, on Sundays, now and then等。 ② 表述客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象、名言、警句或者谚语等。 ③ 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 ④ 一些位移动词如：come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start, begin 等，在一般现在时态的句子中可用来表示按计划、规定将要发生的动作。 ⑤ 在由when, before, after, as soon as, until等连接的时间状语从句、由if等引导的条件状语从句和让步状语从句中，一般现在时被用来表示将要发生的动作。 ⑥ 在由here或there引导的倒装句中，用一般现在时替代现在进行时，表示此刻正在发生的动作。如 1.He usually to work at 7 o’clock every morning. 2.Every dog its day. 凡人皆有得意日。 3.Pride before a fall. 骄者必败。 4.The earth around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 5.Shanghai in the east of China. 上海位于中国的东部。 6.She watching TV. 她喜欢看电视。 7.We Chinese. 我们说汉语。 8.The train at 3 o’clock. 9.The train for Haikou at 8:00 in the morning. 10.I will call you as soon as I there. 我一到达那儿就打电话给你。 11.If you him, he will help you. 如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。 12.There the bell. 响铃了。 13.Here the bus. 公交车来了。 2、一般过去时 知识点01谓语构成： 是由“be动词的过去式（was, were）”或“行为动词的过去式”构成。 知识点02各种句式变化： 否定形式是在行为动词原形前加didn’t或在was/were后加not。一般疑问句借助did提问，同时把动词过去式改为原形。如果句子有was/were，则把was/were放到句首。如： It wasn’t rainy yesterday. // ---- Was it rainy yesterday? ---- Yes, it was. (No, it wasn’t.) He watched TV last night. // ---- Did he watched TV last night? ---- Yes, he did. (No, he didn’t.) 知识点03一般过去时的用法： ① 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或存在的状态，一般带有确定的过去时间状语，如：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week (month, year…), two days (weeks, months, years…) ago, in 2008, just now, at that moment, once upon a time等，但是当上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。如： I worked in that factory last year. // It was very cold yesterday. // I used to go fishing on Sundays. ② 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如：I played basketball every day when I was a boy. ③ 表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态，也可用“used to+动词原形”的结构。如： My mother used go to school on foot. ④ 在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示过去将来时间。如： He said he not stay on even though it rained the next morning. ⑤ 有些情况发生的时间不是很清楚，但实际上是过去发生的，应当用一般过去时。如： I was glad get your letter. 3、一般将来时 知识点01谓语构成： 是由“be(am/is/are) going to+动词原形”或“will/shall+动词原形”构成。 知识点02各种句式变化： 否定形式是在be, will, shall后直接加not，shall not的缩写shan’t，will not的缩写won’t。一般疑问句是把be, will, shall放到句首。如： I’m going to buy a computer this year. I’m not going to buy a computer this year. ---- Are you buy a computer this year? ---- Yes, I am. (No, I am not.) We shall go to the zoo. We shan’t go to the zoo. ---- Shall we go to the zoo? ---- Yes, we shall. (No, we shan’t.) I will play basketball with you. // I won’t play basketball with you. ---- Will you play basketball with us? ---- Yes, I will. (No, we won’t.) 知识点03一般将来时的用法 1 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，谓语动词用“will＋动词原形”，常用的时间状语有：tomorrow, tomorrow morning(afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, next day(week, month, year), soon, some day, in the future,“in+一段时间”等。 ②“be going to+动词原形”表示计划、打算做某事，表示已经决定的、很可能发生的事，或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。如：I’m going to buy a computer this year. 我打算今年买台电脑。 1.They Beijing next week. 他们下周要去北京。 2.Mr. Wu us English this term. 这学期吴老师将教我们英语。 3.Look at the black clouds! It . 看看这乌云！快下雨了。 【注意】当be going to后接go或come时，通常直接用现在进行时来表示。如： Where is he going? 他去那里？ // She’s coming right away. 她马上就来。 知识点04以下几种情况只能用shall (will) 表示将来，而不能用be going to结构来表达。 will可用于所有人称；但shall作为will的一种替代形式，表示单纯将来时，一般用于主语为第一人称I和we时。以You and I, some of us, both of us, neither of us作主语时通常用will。Will和shall都可以缩写成-’ll。 ① 表示单纯的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。 ② 用于征求对方的意见或表示客气的邀请。 ③ 用来预言将来发生的事。如说出我们设想会发生的事，或者请对方预言将要发生什么事。 ④ 表示意愿。如：We will help her if she asks me. 我们将帮助她如果她叫我们。 1. we go to the zoo? 我们去动物园好吗？ 2. you play basketball with us? 你会和我们一起去打篮球吗？ 3.It stormy tomorrow. 明天将有暴风雨。 4.The sun at 6:00 tomorrow morning. 明天早上太阳将在六点升起。 知识点05 will 与be going to的区别 1）表示客观上某些事将来必然发生，与主观意愿无关，常用will。 2）“be going to+动词原形”结构，表示说话者明确的打算、安排、决定或确信会发生的事，多用于口语。 I eighteen next week. 下周我将十八岁。 There an English film this evening. 今晚将会有一场英语电影。 知识点06一般将来时的特殊表达形式 ① be + 动词不定式。表示有职责，义务，可能，约定，意图等。 ② be about + 动词不定式，表示马上，很快，即将发生的动作。如：They are about to leave. ③ 一些位移动词come, go, start, move, leave等词常用进行时态表示按计划将要发生的事情。 ④ 在由when, before, after, as soon as, until/till引导的时间状语从句和由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来。 There is to be a meeting this afternoon. We are to meet the guests at the station. Chen Hui is coming tonight. They are leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. We’ll start if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. 如果天不下雨我们将开始。 I’ll give the book to him as soon as he comes back. 他一回来我就给那本书给他。 4、现在进行时 知识点01谓语构成： 由“助动词be(am/is/are) + 现在分词”构成 知识点02各种句式变化： 否定形式是在be(am/is/are)后加not。一般疑问句是把be(am/is/are)放到句首。如：They aren’t having an English class. // ---- Are they having an English class? ---- Yes, they are. (No they aren’t.) 知识点03现在进行时的用法 ① 表示现在正在发生或者进行的动作。常见的时间状语有：now, at the moment或从上下文体现出来。或句首出现look, listen, be careful等词，引起人的注意，说明某一动作正在进行。 ② 表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作（但说话时这个动作不一定在进行）。常用的时间状语为these days。 ③ 一些位移动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作，这些动词有go, come, drive, fly, travel, arrive, leave, start, visit, run, return等。 ④ 现在进行时和always, usually, all the time等连用时，表示一种经常、反复的动作，且说话人往往带有某种感情色彩（如赞扬、欣赏、厌烦、批评、惊讶、不理解等）。 1.---- What are you doing now? ---- I am for my key. 2.Look. Some children are games over there. 3.I’m Japanese this month. 这个月我正在学日语。 4.Are you English in a school? 你在学校教英语吗？ 5.He’s an interesting TV play these days. 近来，他在看一部很有趣的电视剧。 6.They Hong Kong tomorrow. 7.He’s for Beijing tomorrow. 8.She’s always others. 她总是乐于助人。（表示赞赏 9. You are always in class. 你上课老是说话。（表示批评） 知识点04不能用于进行时的动词 ① 表示事实状态的动词：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等 ② 表示心理状态、态度情感的动词，如know, realize, think, see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, like, hate等。 ③ 瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。 ④ 感官动词和系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。 1.I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。 2.This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。 3.I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。 4.He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。 5.I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。 6.You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。 5、过去进行时 知识点01谓语构成： 由“助动词be的过去形式（was/were）+v-ing”。 知识点02各种句式变化： 否定形式是在be(was/were)后加not。一般疑问句是把be(was/were)放到句首。如： He was not waiting for me at that time. // ---- Was he waiting for me at that time? ---- Yes, he was.(No he wasn’t) 知识点03过去进行时的用法 ① 表示过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作。 ② 表示过去某一段时间内一直在做或持续进行的动作。 ③ 在复合句中，若主要动作和背景动作是同时发生的，那么主从句都可用过去进行时。如： ④ 表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作，尤其是come, go, leave, start, begin, move等表示位置移动和起止的动词。 ⑤ 与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用，表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩。 1.They TV at ten o’clock last night. 昨晚十点他们在看电视。 2.I dinner when my husband got home yesterday afternoon. 我丈夫昨天下午到家时，我正在做晚饭。 3.What yesterday evening? 昨天晚上你一直在干些什么？ 4.He his homework between 8:00 and 9:00 on Sunday morning. 星期日八点到九点他一直在做作业。 5.Mary some reading while her younger brother was writing. 玛丽在看书，此时，她弟弟在写字。 6.She told me she Beijing next week. 她告诉我她下周动身去北京。 7.We two always . 我们俩老是吵架。 8.The boy was continually questions. 这孩子总是问东问西的。 知识点04过去进行时常见的时间状语 ① 过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间状语连用。常见的时间状语有：last night, at that time, at noon ② 也有时在没有时间状语的情况下，需要通过上下文的暗示或者在同一个句子中的推理来判定用过去进行时。如：yesterday, last Sunday等。 1.I was reading a book . 在那时我在看书。 2.I was watching TV . 昨晚八点钟的时候我在看电视。 3. , we all knew what we were studying for. 那时，我们都知道为什么而学习。 知识点05when和while的区别： ① 引导时间状语从句时，while 连接的是时间段，后常接延续性动词；而when连接的既可以是延续性动词也可以是非延续性动词。 ② while可以连接两个并列的句子，而when不可以。 ③ when可作特殊疑问词，对时间进行提问；while 不能。 1. were you born? 你是什么时候出生的？ 2.What was your father doing your mother was cooking？你妈妈做饭的时候，你爸爸在干什么呢？ 3.What was your mother doing you came back? 当你回来时，你妈妈在干什么呢？ 4.I was trying my best to finish my work my sister was watching TV. 我当时正在尽力完成作业，而我的妹妹正在看电视。 知识点06过去进行时和一般过去时的用法比较 ① 过去进行时往往表示动作的未完成性，而一般过去时则往往表示动作已完成。 ②过去进行时侧重说明动作持续时间的长度，而一般过去时则侧重说明事实。 1.He his homework in the afternoon. (没有言明作业是否完成) 2.He his homework in the afternoon. (作业已做完) 3. It all night. (只说明下雨事实) 6、现在完成时 知识点01谓语构成： 由“助动词have/has + 过去分词”构成。在人称代词后have, has可以缩写为’ve或’s, have not 缩写haven’t, has not 缩写hasn’t。 知识点02各种句式变化： 否定形式是在have/has后加not。一般疑问句是把have/has放到句首。如： He has eaten breakfast. // He hasn’t eaten breakfast. //---- Has he eaten breakfast? ---- Yes, he has. (No, he hasn’t.) 【注意】过去分词变化规则基本与过去式变化相同，有些特殊变化需单独记忆。 知识点03现在完成时的用法 1 表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，常与already, ever, never, just, yet, before 等词连用。 ② 表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，或还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。常与for和since引导的短语或从句连用。动词必须是延续性动词。 1.I have just bought a ten-speed bicycle. 2.They have already cleaned the classroom. 3.We have lived here since 1976. 4.They have waited for more than two hours. 知识点04一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，但强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响；一般过去时常与具体的过去时间状语连用。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此不能和表示过去时间的状语连用。试比较： I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了，不涉及现在） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） 知识点05瞬间动词，如come, go, arrive, die, buy, borrow, leave, join, marry, begin, finish, end等不能与for, since状语连用。但可以改变为其他表示相同意思的延续性动词。如： 误：The old man has died for a few years. 正：The old man has been dead for a few years. // The old man has been dead since a few years ago. The old man died a few years ago. // It is a few years since the old man died. A few years has passed since the old man died. 瞬间动词的变化： 瞬间性动词的完成时 → 延续性动词或状态动词的完成时 have (already) gone to… have for (two years) has 　 come to… has since (1990) (had) 　 left… (had) 　 　 　 arrived… 　 　 　 　 died 　 　 　 　 begun 　 　 　 　 ended 　 　 　 　 bought... 　 　 　 　 borrowed… 　 　 　 　 joined… 　 　 知识点06 have/has been to, have/has gone to和have/has been in的区别： have/has gone to意为“到某地去了”，说话时该人不在现场。一般只用第三人称作主语。have/has been to意为“曾经去过某地”，表示一种经历，含有“现在已离开那儿”之意，后可接次数（如once，twice，three times等）表示“去过某地几次”，也可和just，never，ever等连用。have been in表示“到某地多长时间了”，常与时间段连用。 1.I the Great wall. 我从未去过长城。 2.---- Where is Tom? ---- He the UK.（即现在不在这儿） 3.I Australia for three years. 我到澳大利亚已有三年了。 知识点07句型： It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语 [注意] 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是：瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。 How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow) 被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系。英语中的动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。当主语是动作的执行者时用主动语态（某人做某事）；当主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态（某事被某人做）。 知识点01各种时态的被动语态 被动语态由“主语+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词有时态、人称和数的变化。 结 构 例 句 一般现在时：主语+am/is/are+过去分词 The classroom every day. 教室每天都打扫。 一般过去时：主语+was/were+过去分词 Our school in 1998. 我们的学校在1998年建造。 一般将来时：主语+shall/will+be+过去分词 主语+be going to+be+过去分词 The sports meeting tomorrow. 运动会明天举行。 A new factory in our city. 一个新工厂将在我市建成。 现在进行时：主语+am/is/are +being+过去分词 The car . 这辆汽车正在修理中。 过去进行时：主语+was/were +being+过去分词 The machine then. 那时那台机器正在上油漆。 现在完成时：主语+has/have +been+过去分词 The bank has been . 银行已经建成了。 过去完成时：主语+had +been+过去分词 I had been to visit Japan before I came here. 在来这儿之前我已经被邀请访问日本了。 过去将来时：主语+should/ would+be+过去分词 Ann told me she would be to America. 安告诉我她将被派往美国。 含有情态动词的被动语态：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词 The bike can’t be here. 这辆自行车不能被放在这里。 初中阶段应该掌握的被动语态结构有三种：一般现在时的被动语态；一般过去时的被动语态；一般将来时的被动语态。中考题出现的关于被动语态的题目，一般会从上述三种情况中出；其他几种时态的被动语态了解即可，它们一般会在阅读题目中出现。 知识点02被动语态的用法 （1）不知道动作的执行者，只知道承受者的情况。如：Silk is produced in Suzhou. （2）不必说出动作的执行者的情况。如：Such books are written for children. （3）需要突出和强调动作的承受者的情况。如：She is liked by everyone. （4）句子的主语是物。如：Many Houses were destroyed in the earthquake in Wenchuan. 知识点03主动语态变被动语态的方法 记忆歌诀：主谓宾，要分清，宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。 主动句变为被动句所遵循的5个步骤： （1）先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词。 （2）把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，应把宾格变为主格。 （3）把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”，但时态不能改变。 （4）把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语（没必要说出动作的执行者时可省略），若主语是人称代词时，应把主格变为宾格。 （5）其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。如：They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory. 知识点04被动语态的几种特殊形式 （1）带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只须把宾语变为被动语态的主语，而宾语补足语仍保留在原处，作主语补足语。 （2）主动句中感官动词see/hear/watch/feel/notice等和使役动词make/let/have等后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语时，主动语态中不带to，在变被动语态时，to必须还原。 1.We call him Xiao Wang.→He Xiao Wang. 2.He cut his hair short.→His hair short. 3.They told him to help me. →He to help me. 4.We find English very useful. →English very useful. 5.I saw him fall off the tree. →He was seen the tree. 6.They watched the children sing that morning.→The children were watched that morning. 【注意】后接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时，宾补部分不变。 对比：We heard Jim playing the guitar in his room. →Jim was heard playing the guitar in his room. （3）含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语，直接宾语(指物)不变。另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语，间接宾语(指人) 用介词 to 或 for 引导。常用加to的动词give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave(留给), hand(交给), tell, return, write, throw(仍), promise(答应), refuse(拒绝)等；常用加for的动词make, buy, do, get, play(演奏), order(命令), sing, pay(支付), draw等。 （4）短语动词在变为被动语态时，短语中的介词或副词不能省去。常见的这类短语动词有：take care of, look after, take off, look at, send for, look up, think of, work out, laugh at等。 1.My father gave me a new book on my birthday. →I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语)→A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接宾语作了主语) 2.My father bought a new bike for me yesterday. →A new bike was bought for me yesterday. (直接宾语作了主语) →I was bought a new bike yesterday. (间接宾语作了主语) 3.We can’t laugh at him.→He can’t be laugh at by us. // John turned on the radio.→The radio was turned on. 知识点05主动结构表示被动意义 （1）feel, look, sound, smell, taste等系动词的主动语态表示被动含义。 （2）当主语为物时，动词sell, write, cut, open, lock, read, clean, wash, burn, drive等作不及物动词时，用主动形式表被动意义，用来表示某物的性质、特征。 （3）不及物动词和某些动词短语没有被动语态。这类的动词(短语)有happen, take place, break out, last, cost, spread 等。 （4）不定式在一些形容词(如easy, difficult, hard, good, impossible, heavy 等)之后，且与主语有动宾关系时，要用主动形式表被动意义。如：This question is easy to answer. 这个问题很容易回答。// This box is heavy to carry. 这个箱子扛起来很重。 （5）sth. need/ want/ require doing相当于sth. need/ want/ require to be done (不定式的被动结构)。 （6）be worth doing (值得做) 中的doing表示被动含义。 1.This kind of drink strange. 这种饮料尝起来味道很怪。 2.Our teacher younger than she is. 我们老师看起来比实际年龄小。 3.The book well. 这本书很畅销。 4.An accident near here yesterday. 昨天这附近发生了一起事故。 5.Great changes in our city in the past few years. 在过去的几年时间里，我们城市发生了很大的变化。 6.Your room cleaning. = Your room needs to be cleaned. 你的房间需要打扫了。 7.The movie by everyone. 这部电影值得所有人看一看。 知识点06不用被动语态的情况 （1）主动句的谓语动词是系动词（feel, look, sound, seem, become等）、不及物动词（happen, take, please, disappear等）、表示状态的及物动词（have, rise, hold等）或某些动词短语（come true; fall asleep; keep quiet; take place等）时，不能用于被动语态。 如：This was happened in 1989.（错）This happened in 1989.（对） The trees have been become green.（错）The trees have become green.（对） （2）主动句的宾语是不定式或动名词时，不能用作被动语态的主语。如： My brother enjoys watching TV. 我弟弟喜欢看电视。→不能变成：Watching TV is enjoyed by my brother.（误） He asked to have a try. 他请求试一试。→不能变成：To have a try was asked by him.（误） （3）主动句的宾语是反身代词或each other时，不能用作被动语态的主语。如： The woman introduced herself as Mrs. Li. 那个妇女自我介绍说她是李夫人。 不能变成：Herself was introduced herself as Mrs. Li.（误） They help each other to study English. 他们互相帮助学习英语。 不能变成：Each other is helped to study English.（误） 知识点07被动语态与系表结构的区别 “be+动词的过去分词”表示动作时是被动语态；“be+动词的过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时是系表结构。 （1）含有“by+宾语”结构强调动作执行者，此时为被动语态。如： The window is broken. 窗户坏了。（系表结构）// The window is broken by me. 窗户是我打破的。（被动语态） （2）句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般是被动语态。如： The door was closed. 门是关着的。（系表结构）// The door was closed at 9: 00. 九点钟关的门。（被动语态） （3）系表结构中常用介词搭配，被动语态中没有介词搭配。如：We’re worried about the boy. 我们担心那个男孩。 （4）系表结构的过去分词可以被副词修饰。如：I’m really surprised at the news. 我对这个消息真的感到很惊讶。 （5）系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而被动语态可用于多种时态。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 1．Facts show that 30 percent of the patients _________ the instructions of the doctors after they leave hospital. A．doesn’t follow B．don’t follow C．following D．followed 2．The water in the river ________ a lot and we should ________ money to repair (修缮) the broken bridge as soon as possible. A．raises; rise B．rises; raise C．rises; rise D．raise; rises 3．Staying up too late ________ lots of health problems. We’d better go to bed earlier. A．causes B．is caused C．caused D．was causing 4．Alan ________ his winter camp in Switzerland last week and it is the first time that he ________ his hometown to experience a foreign culture. A．left for; has left B．left; left C．left for; left D．left; has left 5．—Have you ever visited the Great Wall? —Yes, I ________ it when I worked in Beijing. A．visits B．was visiting C．have visited D．visited 6．—Have you ever visited Shantang Street, Kate? —Yes, I have. I ________ in Suzhou for two weeks last winter. A．stays B．was staying C．stayed D．have stayed 7．Great celebrations, such as Lion Dance, ________ in Chinatown this Sunday, rain or shine. A．take place B．took place C．will take place D．are taking place 8．—We don’t know if Nancy ________ to have a picnic with us this weekend. —Let’s make a phone call to check it. A．comes B．will come C．is coming D．came 9．— I called you yesterday, but you didn’t answer. — Sorry. I ________ a report on animal protection. A．read B．am reading C．was reading D．will read 10．— Is it ________ in SuQian in summer? — Yes. Look! It’s ________ now. A．raining; raining B．rainy; raining C．raining; rain D．rain; rainy 11．— Has David finished his project yet? — I guess not. He ________ on it at lunchtime. Do you want me to check it for you? A．is working B．was working C．has worked D．had worked 12．—Why didn’t you come to our party yesterday? —Sorry. I ________ a football match on TV from 7 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. and forgot the time. A．watched B．was watching C．am watching D．will watch 13．When I passed by the music room, Sandy ________ the song Auld Lang Syne for the coming school-leaver’s party. A．practised B．will practise C．is practising D．was practising 14．—Why didn’t you watch the final of the basketball match last night, Tom? —Well. I ______ the history project with Jack at that time. A．discuss B．discussed C．am discussing D．was discussing 15．—Do you know how long Natsumi ________? —________ she lay on her desk. Should we wake her up for the lesson? A．has been asleep; Since B．has been asleep; After C．has fallen asleep; Since D．has fallen asleep; After 16．Our bus was 20 minutes late. By the time we arrived at the cinema, the movie ________ for 10 minutes. A．had started B．has started C．had been on D．has been on 17．—I’m sorry I am late. The traffic was so heavy on the way. —The movie ______ for five minutes. Let’s hurry! A．has begun B．has been on C．has finished D．has been over 18．The restaurants in Shi Jin District in Rugao ________ for several months, but I ________ there so far. A．have been open; haven’t been B．have opened; haven’t gone C．have been open; haven’t gone D．have opened; haven’t been 19．—Do you miss your parents far away? —Yes. They________the hometown for two years. A．left B．have left C．were away from D．have been away from 20．—A new recycling station ________ in our neighbourhood next month. —Wow, that’s good news! It will become much cleaner. A．is built B．isn’t built C．will be built D．won’t be built 21．Potatoes ________ to Europe in the 1500s and their use soon spread across it. A．took B．have taken C．will be taken D．were taken 22．—Mum, may I watch TV for a while? —As soon as your homework ________, you can. A．finishes B．will be finished C．will finish D．is finished 23．The 2028 Olympic Games ________ in Los Angeles. A．hold B．are held C．will hold D．will be held 24．Because of the heavy rainstorm, visitors in Qingdao ________ to stay away from the beach yesterday. A．warned B．are warned C．were warned D．have warned 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） （24-25九年级上·浙江温州·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 I met Gunter on a rainy September evening. I was rushing to catch the last bus to Prague for a meeting in 1 (center) Czech Republic. I got into Gunter’s taxi and told him where I needed to go. When we arrived at the bus station, there was a long line of people waiting to get on the bus. But then I realized I had no cash to pay 2 (he). I tried using my Portuguese bankcard, but the machine didn’t work. 3 helpless I was! I was really worried, 4 Gunter told me not to worry and to just get on the bus. He even gave me some money to pay the bus fare, and I apologized and promised to pay him back 5 I returned to Vienna. On my 6 (one) day back in Vienna, I called Gunter to thank him and to pay him back. He laughed and told me to just “pay it forward” by 7 (help) someone else in need. Gunter’s kindness not only helped me catch my bus that night, but it also taught me 8 valuable lesson. I learned that small acts of kindness can make a big 9 (different) in someone’s life. I promised Gunter that I would help others like he helped me, and I felt a new sense of purpose. We are 10 (main) cared for by others, so we want to give more care to others. From that day on, I tried to be more generous towards others, and I will never forget his help and the lesson he taught me. 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 1．My teachers often (advice) us to choose proper hobbies. 2．Look out! The toy made of glass (break) easily. 3．The waterfall (lie) in the deep forest, so it is hard to find it without a guide. 4．Mike (dig) deep in the field to find the treasure the other day. 5．Lu Yao’s friends using music to relax her last week. (advice) 6．The price of houses (rise) a lot in Yangzhou in 2018, but it dropped a little after that. 7．Take a smartphone with you when travelling, or you (lose) your way in a strange place. 8．The young women (receive) training to be nurses at the end of this month, aren’t they? 9．Neither Jason nor his friend (be) going to give up the match. 10．Bob is busy with his study these days. I guess he (work) on his project. 11．With the help of his parents, the boy is his horse to a big tree. (tie) 12．It is difficult to see the road clearly because it (rain) hard outside. 13．All the team members were (train) hard when I passed by the room. 14．—Why didn’t you open the door for me? —Sorry, I (translate) an email and didn’t hear the knock. 15．The writer together with his helpers (translate) the French novel in his office when suddenly the telephone rang. 16．When I called Lucy last night, she (watch) a movie with her family. 17．—Did you see Anne outside the door just now? —Sure. She (ring) someone, so I nodded to her and went away. 18．So far, the little boy (fall) over several times while learning to ride. 19．— Can I borrow your bike to get to the library? — Sorry, I (lend) it to Lily. She came for it this morning. 20．—Labubu, a toy made by a Chinese company (draw) a lot of attention recently. —Indeed. It is very popular all around the world. 21．I won’t go to watch the bird show tomorrow because I have it. (watch) 22．You can’t come into this garden until you (allow) to. 23．—Where the 2026 Winter Olympics (hold)?   —In Italy. 24．Air and water are seriously (pollute) in this area because of the factories nearby. 25．We are to keep the books for two weeks. (allow) 26．Luckily, Mr. Li (send) to the hospital in time yesterday and he’s better now. 链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） （2024·江苏苏州·一模）When did people start to use fire? No one knows, but we know it was 1 long time ago. Fire was useful then and is still useful now. But fire can also be very 2 (danger). Almost every day we see fire engines 3 (rush) through the streets. Fires have not only resulted in heavy losses but also hurt 4 killed many people. In recent years, there has been a marked 5 (grow) of fire accidents in big cities. What are the 6 (cause) of fire accidents? Most of the fires are 7 (bring) about by carelessness and violation (违反) of fire regulations. In order to prevent fires, we should first of all raise 8 (people) awareness of fire prevention. The second thing we should do is to train fire fighters. 9 (final), we should make the fire engines better and add 10 (many) fire facilities (设施) to high-rise buildings. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 语法串讲1（六种时态、被动语态）（期末复习讲义） 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 六种时态、被动语态 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 六种时态 1、一般现在时 知识点01谓语构成： 是由“动词原形”或“动词第三人称单数形式”（当主语为第三人称单数）、“be动词（am/is/are）”构成。 知识点02各种句式变化 否定形式是在动词前加don’t或doesn’t。如果是be动词，则直接在be后加not。一般疑问句要借助do或does，后面的动词改为原形。如果是be动词，则把be动词放到句首。如： He is a teacher. // He is not a teacher. // ---- Is he a teacher? --- Yes, he is. (No, he isn’t.) I go to school by bike. // I don’t go to school by bike. // ---- Do you go to school by bike? ---- Yes, I do. (No, I don’t.) He eats an egg at breakfast. // He doesn’t eat an egg at breakfast. ---- Does he eat an egg at breakfast? ---- Yes, he does. (No, he doesn’t) 知识点03 一般现在时的基本用法 ① 经常、反复或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。常见的时间状语有：always, usually, often, sometimes, every day (week, month, year…), once a week, on Sundays, now and then等。 ② 表述客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象、名言、警句或者谚语等。 ③ 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 ④ 一些位移动词如：come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start, begin 等，在一般现在时态的句子中可用来表示按计划、规定将要发生的动作。 ⑤ 在由when, before, after, as soon as, until等连接的时间状语从句、由if等引导的条件状语从句和让步状语从句中，一般现在时被用来表示将要发生的动作。 ⑥ 在由here或there引导的倒装句中，用一般现在时替代现在进行时，表示此刻正在发生的动作。如 1.He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. 2.Every dog has its day. 凡人皆有得意日。 3.Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 4.The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 5.Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国的东部。 6.She likes watching TV. 她喜欢看电视。 7.We speak Chinese. 我们说汉语。 8.The train comes at 3 o’clock. 9.The train for Haikou leaves at 8:00 in the morning. 10.I will call you as soon as I arrive there. 我一到达那儿就打电话给你。 11.If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。 12.There goes the bell. 响铃了。 13.Here comes the bus. 公交车来了。 2、一般过去时 知识点01谓语构成： 是由“be动词的过去式（was, were）”或“行为动词的过去式”构成。 知识点02各种句式变化： 否定形式是在行为动词原形前加didn’t或在was/were后加not。一般疑问句借助did提问，同时把动词过去式改为原形。如果句子有was/were，则把was/were放到句首。如： It wasn’t rainy yesterday. // ---- Was it rainy yesterday? ---- Yes, it was. (No, it wasn’t.) He watched TV last night. // ---- Did he watched TV last night? ---- Yes, he did. (No, he didn’t.) 知识点03一般过去时的用法： ① 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或存在的状态，一般带有确定的过去时间状语，如：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week (month, year…), two days (weeks, months, years…) ago, in 2008, just now, at that moment, once upon a time等，但是当上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。如： I worked in that factory last year. // It was very cold yesterday. // I used to go fishing on Sundays. ② 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如：I played basketball every day when I was a boy. ③ 表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态，也可用“used to+动词原形”的结构。如： My mother used to go to school on foot. ④ 在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示过去将来时间。如： He said he would not stay on even though it rained the next morning. ⑤ 有些情况发生的时间不是很清楚，但实际上是过去发生的，应当用一般过去时。如： I was glad to get your letter. 3、一般将来时 知识点01谓语构成： 是由“be(am/is/are) going to+动词原形”或“will/shall+动词原形”构成。 知识点02各种句式变化： 否定形式是在be, will, shall后直接加not，shall not的缩写shan’t，will not的缩写won’t。一般疑问句是把be, will, shall放到句首。如： I’m going to buy a computer this year. I’m not going to buy a computer this year. ---- Are you buy a computer this year? ---- Yes, I am. (No, I am not.) We shall go to the zoo. We shan’t go to the zoo. ---- Shall we go to the zoo? ---- Yes, we shall. (No, we shan’t.) I will play basketball with you. // I won’t play basketball with you. ---- Will you play basketball with us? ---- Yes, I will. (No, we won’t.) 知识点03一般将来时的用法 1 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，谓语动词用“will＋动词原形”，常用的时间状语有：tomorrow, tomorrow morning(afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, next day(week, month, year), soon, some day, in the future,“in+一段时间”等。 ②“be going to+动词原形”表示计划、打算做某事，表示已经决定的、很可能发生的事，或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。如：I’m going to buy a computer this year. 我打算今年买台电脑。 1.They will leave for Beijing next week. 他们下周要去北京。 2.Mr. Wu will teach us English this term. 这学期吴老师将教我们英语。 3.Look at the black clouds! It’s going to rain. 看看这乌云！快下雨了。 【注意】当be going to后接go或come时，通常直接用现在进行时来表示。如： Where is he going? 他去那里？ // She’s coming right away. 她马上就来。 知识点04以下几种情况只能用shall (will) 表示将来，而不能用be going to结构来表达。 will可用于所有人称；但shall作为will的一种替代形式，表示单纯将来时，一般用于主语为第一人称I和we时。以You and I, some of us, both of us, neither of us作主语时通常用will。Will和shall都可以缩写成-’ll。 ① 表示单纯的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。 ② 用于征求对方的意见或表示客气的邀请。 ③ 用来预言将来发生的事。如说出我们设想会发生的事，或者请对方预言将要发生什么事。 ④ 表示意愿。如：We will help her if she asks me. 我们将帮助她如果她叫我们。 1.Shall we go to the zoo? 我们去动物园好吗？ 2.Will you play basketball with us? 你会和我们一起去打篮球吗？ 3.It will be stormy tomorrow. 明天将有暴风雨。 4.The sun will rise at 6:00 tomorrow morning. 明天早上太阳将在六点升起。 知识点05 will 与be going to的区别 1）表示客观上某些事将来必然发生，与主观意愿无关，常用will。 2）“be going to+动词原形”结构，表示说话者明确的打算、安排、决定或确信会发生的事，多用于口语。 I’ll be eighteen next week. 下周我将十八岁。 There is going to be an English film this evening. 今晚将会有一场英语电影。 知识点06一般将来时的特殊表达形式 ① be + 动词不定式。表示有职责，义务，可能，约定，意图等。 ② be about + 动词不定式，表示马上，很快，即将发生的动作。如：They are about to leave. ③ 一些位移动词come, go, start, move, leave等词常用进行时态表示按计划将要发生的事情。 ④ 在由when, before, after, as soon as, until/till引导的时间状语从句和由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来。 There is to be a meeting this afternoon. We are to meet the guests at the station. Chen Hui is coming tonight. They are leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. We’ll start if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. 如果天不下雨我们将开始。 I’ll give the book to him as soon as he comes back. 他一回来我就给那本书给他。 4、现在进行时 知识点01谓语构成： 由“助动词be(am/is/are) + 现在分词”构成 知识点02各种句式变化： 否定形式是在be(am/is/are)后加not。一般疑问句是把be(am/is/are)放到句首。如：They aren’t having an English class. // ---- Are they having an English class? ---- Yes, they are. (No they aren’t.) 知识点03现在进行时的用法 ① 表示现在正在发生或者进行的动作。常见的时间状语有：now, at the moment或从上下文体现出来。或句首出现look, listen, be careful等词，引起人的注意，说明某一动作正在进行。 ② 表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作（但说话时这个动作不一定在进行）。常用的时间状语为these days。 ③ 一些位移动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作，这些动词有go, come, drive, fly, travel, arrive, leave, start, visit, run, return等。 ④ 现在进行时和always, usually, all the time等连用时，表示一种经常、反复的动作，且说话人往往带有某种感情色彩（如赞扬、欣赏、厌烦、批评、惊讶、不理解等）。 1.---- What are you doing now? ---- I am looking for my key. 2.Look. Some children are playing games over there. 3.I’m studying Japanese this month. 这个月我正在学日语。 4.Are you teaching English in a school? 你在学校教英语吗？ 5.He’s watching an interesting TV play these days. 近来，他在看一部很有趣的电视剧。 6.They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow. 7.He’s leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 8.She’s always helping others. 她总是乐于助人。（表示赞赏 9. You are always talking in class. 你上课老是说话。（表示批评） 知识点04不能用于进行时的动词 ① 表示事实状态的动词：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等 ② 表示心理状态、态度情感的动词，如know, realize, think, see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, like, hate等。 ③ 瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。 ④ 感官动词和系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。 1.I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。 2.This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。 3.I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。 4.He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。 5.I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。 6.You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。 5、过去进行时 知识点01谓语构成： 由“助动词be的过去形式（was/were）+v-ing”。 知识点02各种句式变化： 否定形式是在be(was/were)后加not。一般疑问句是把be(was/were)放到句首。如： He was not waiting for me at that time. // ---- Was he waiting for me at that time? ---- Yes, he was.(No he wasn’t) 知识点03过去进行时的用法 ① 表示过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作。 ② 表示过去某一段时间内一直在做或持续进行的动作。 ③ 在复合句中，若主要动作和背景动作是同时发生的，那么主从句都可用过去进行时。如： ④ 表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作，尤其是come, go, leave, start, begin, move等表示位置移动和起止的动词。 ⑤ 与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用，表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩。 1.They were watching TV at ten o’clock last night. 昨晚十点他们在看电视。 2.I was cooking dinner when my husband got home yesterday afternoon. 我丈夫昨天下午到家时，我正在做晚饭。 3.What were you doing yesterday evening? 昨天晚上你一直在干些什么？ 4.He was doing his homework between 8:00 and 9:00 on Sunday morning. 星期日八点到九点他一直在做作业。 5.Mary was doing some reading while her younger brother was writing. 玛丽在看书，此时，她弟弟在写字。 6.She told me she was leaving for Beijing next week. 她告诉我她下周动身去北京。 7.We two were always quarrelling. 我们俩老是吵架。 8.The boy was continually asking questions. 这孩子总是问东问西的。 知识点04过去进行时常见的时间状语 ① 过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间状语连用。常见的时间状语有：last night, at that time, at noon ② 也有时在没有时间状语的情况下，需要通过上下文的暗示或者在同一个句子中的推理来判定用过去进行时。如： yesterday, last Sunday等。 1.I was reading a book at that time. 在那时我在看书。 2.I was watching TV at 8 o’clock yesterday evening. 昨晚八点钟的时候我在看电视。 3.At that time, we all knew what we were studying for. 那时，我们都知道为什么而学习。 知识点05when和while的区别： ① 引导时间状语从句时，while 连接的是时间段，后常接延续性动词；而when连接的既可以是延续性动词也可以是非延续性动词。 ② while可以连接两个并列的句子，而when不可以。 ③ when可作特殊疑问词，对时间进行提问；while 不能。 1.When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的？ 2.What was your father doing while your mother was cooking？你妈妈做饭的时候，你爸爸在干什么呢？ 3.What was your mother doing when you came back? 当你回来时，你妈妈在干什么呢？ 4.I was trying my best to finish my work while my sister was watching TV. 我当时正在尽力完成作业，而我的妹妹正在看电视。 知识点06过去进行时和一般过去时的用法比较 ① 过去进行时往往表示动作的未完成性，而一般过去时则往往表示动作已完成。 ②过去进行时侧重说明动作持续时间的长度，而一般过去时则侧重说明事实。 1.He was doing his homework in the afternoon. (没有言明作业是否完成) 2.He did his homework in the afternoon. (作业已做完) 3. It rained all night. (只说明下雨事实) 6、现在完成时 知识点01谓语构成： 由“助动词have/has + 过去分词”构成。在人称代词后have, has可以缩写为’ve或’s, have not 缩写haven’t, has not 缩写hasn’t。 知识点02各种句式变化： 否定形式是在have/has后加not。一般疑问句是把have/has放到句首。如： He has eaten breakfast. // He hasn’t eaten breakfast. //---- Has he eaten breakfast? ---- Yes, he has. (No, he hasn’t.) 【注意】过去分词变化规则基本与过去式变化相同，有些特殊变化需单独记忆。 知识点03现在完成时的用法 1 表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，常与already, ever, never, just, yet, before 等词连用。 ② 表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，或还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。常与for和since引导的短语或从句连用。动词必须是延续性动词。 1.I have just bought a ten-speed bicycle. 2.They have already cleaned the classroom. 3.We have lived here since 1976. 4.They have waited for more than two hours. 知识点04一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，但强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响；一般过去时常与具体的过去时间状语连用。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此不能和表示过去时间的状语连用。试比较： I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了，不涉及现在） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） 知识点05瞬间动词，如come, go, arrive, die, buy, borrow, leave, join, marry, begin, finish, end等不能与for, since状语连用。但可以改变为其他表示相同意思的延续性动词。如： 误：The old man has died for a few years. 正：The old man has been dead for a few years. // The old man has been dead since a few years ago. The old man died a few years ago. // It is a few years since the old man died. A few years has passed since the old man died. 瞬间动词的变化： 瞬间性动词的完成时 → 延续性动词或状态动词的完成时 have (already) gone to… have been in / at … for (two years) has 　 come to… has been here since (1990) (had) 　 left… (had) been away from… 　 　 　 arrived… 　 been in… 　 　 　 died 　 been dead 　 　 　 begun 　 been on 　 　 　 ended 　 been over 　 　 　 bought... 　 had… 　 　 　 borrowed… 　 kept… 　 　 　 joined… 　 been in … 　 知识点06 have/has been to, have/has gone to和have/has been in的区别： have/has gone to意为“到某地去了”，说话时该人不在现场。一般只用第三人称作主语。have/has been to意为“曾经去过某地”，表示一种经历，含有“现在已离开那儿”之意，后可接次数（如once，twice，three times等）表示“去过某地几次”，也可和just，never，ever等连用。have been in表示“到某地多长时间了”，常与时间段连用。 1.I have never been to the Great wall. 我从未去过长城。 2.---- Where is Tom? ---- He has gone to the UK.（即现在不在这儿） 3.I have been in Australia for three years. 我到澳大利亚已有三年了。 知识点07句型： It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语 [注意] 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是：瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。 How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow) 被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系。英语中的动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。当主语是动作的执行者时用主动语态（某人做某事）；当主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态（某事被某人做）。 知识点01各种时态的被动语态 被动语态由“主语+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词有时态、人称和数的变化。 结 构 例 句 一般现在时：主语+am/is/are+过去分词 The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天都打扫。 一般过去时：主语+was/were+过去分词 Our school was built in 1998. 我们的学校在1998年建造。 一般将来时：主语+shall/will+be+过去分词 主语+be going to+be+过去分词 The sports meeting will be held tomorrow. 运动会明天举行。 A new factory is going to be built in our city. 一个新工厂将在我市建成。 现在进行时：主语+am/is/are +being+过去分词 The car is being repaired. 这辆汽车正在修理中。 过去进行时：主语+was/were +being+过去分词 The machine was being painted then. 那时那台机器正在上油漆。 现在完成时：主语+has/have +been+过去分词 The bank has been built. 银行已经建成了。 过去完成时：主语+had +been+过去分词 I had been invited to visit Japan before I came here. 在来这儿之前我已经被邀请访问日本了。 过去将来时：主语+should/ would+be+过去分词 Ann told me she would be sent to America. 安告诉我她将被派往美国。 含有情态动词的被动语态：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词 The bike can’t be put here. 这辆自行车不能被放在这里。 初中阶段应该掌握的被动语态结构有三种：一般现在时的被动语态；一般过去时的被动语态；一般将来时的被动语态。中考题出现的关于被动语态的题目，一般会从上述三种情况中出；其他几种时态的被动语态了解即可，它们一般会在阅读题目中出现。 知识点02被动语态的用法 （1）不知道动作的执行者，只知道承受者的情况。如：Silk is produced in Suzhou. （2）不必说出动作的执行者的情况。如：Such books are written for children. （3）需要突出和强调动作的承受者的情况。如：She is liked by everyone. （4）句子的主语是物。如：Many Houses were destroyed in the earthquake in Wenchuan. 知识点03主动语态变被动语态的方法 记忆歌诀：主谓宾，要分清，宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。 主动句变为被动句所遵循的5个步骤： （1）先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词。 （2）把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，应把宾格变为主格。 （3）把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”，但时态不能改变。 （4）把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语（没必要说出动作的执行者时可省略），若主语是人称代词时，应把主格变为宾格。 （5）其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。如：They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory. 知识点04被动语态的几种特殊形式 （1）带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只须把宾语变为被动语态的主语，而宾语补足语仍保留在原处，作主语补足语。 （2）主动句中感官动词see/hear/watch/feel/notice等和使役动词make/let/have等后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语时，主动语态中不带to，在变被动语态时，to必须还原。 1.We call him Xiao Wang.→He is called Xiao Wang. 2.He cut his hair short.→His hair was cut short. 3.They told him to help me. →He was told to help me. 4.We find English very useful. →English is found very useful. 5.I saw him fall off the tree. →He was seen to fall off the tree. 6.They watched the children sing that morning.→The children were watched to sing that morning. 【注意】后接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时，宾补部分不变。 对比：We heard Jim playing the guitar in his room. →Jim was heard playing the guitar in his room. （3）含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语，直接宾语(指物)不变。另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语，间接宾语(指人) 用介词 to 或 for 引导。常用加to的动词give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave(留给), hand(交给), tell, return, write, throw(仍), promise(答应), refuse(拒绝)等；常用加for的动词make, buy, do, get, play(演奏), order(命令), sing, pay(支付), draw等。 （4）短语动词在变为被动语态时，短语中的介词或副词不能省去。常见的这类短语动词有：take care of, look after, take off, look at, send for, look up, think of, work out, laugh at等。 1.My father gave me a new book on my birthday. →I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语)→A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接宾语作了主语) 2.My father bought a new bike for me yesterday. →A new bike was bought for me yesterday. (直接宾语作了主语) →I was bought a new bike yesterday. (间接宾语作了主语) 3.We can’t laugh at him.→He can’t be laugh at by us. // John turned on the radio.→The radio was turned on. 知识点05主动结构表示被动意义 （1）feel, look, sound, smell, taste等系动词的主动语态表示被动含义。 （2）当主语为物时，动词sell, write, cut, open, lock, read, clean, wash, burn, drive等作不及物动词时，用主动形式表被动意义，用来表示某物的性质、特征。 （3）不及物动词和某些动词短语没有被动语态。这类的动词(短语)有happen, take place, break out, last, cost, spread 等。 （4）不定式在一些形容词(如easy, difficult, hard, good, impossible, heavy 等)之后，且与主语有动宾关系时，要用主动形式表被动意义。如：This question is easy to answer. 这个问题很容易回答。// This box is heavy to carry. 这个箱子扛起来很重。 （5）sth. need/ want/ require doing相当于sth. need/ want/ require to be done (不定式的被动结构)。 （6）be worth doing (值得做) 中的doing表示被动含义。 1.This kind of drink tastes strange. 这种饮料尝起来味道很怪。 2.Our teacher looks younger than she is. 我们老师看起来比实际年龄小。 3.The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。 4.An accident happened near here yesterday. 昨天这附近发生了一起事故。 5.Great changes have taken place in our city in the past few years. 在过去的几年时间里，我们城市发生了很大的变化。 6.Your room needs cleaning. = Your room needs to be cleaned. 你的房间需要打扫了。 7.The movie is worth watching by everyone. 这部电影值得所有人看一看。 知识点06不用被动语态的情况 （1）主动句的谓语动词是系动词（feel, look, sound, seem, become等）、不及物动词（happen, take, please, disappear等）、表示状态的及物动词（have, rise, hold等）或某些动词短语（come true; fall asleep; keep quiet; take place等）时，不能用于被动语态。 如：This was happened in 1989.（错）This happened in 1989.（对） The trees have been become green.（错）The trees have become green.（对） （2）主动句的宾语是不定式或动名词时，不能用作被动语态的主语。如： My brother enjoys watching TV. 我弟弟喜欢看电视。→不能变成：Watching TV is enjoyed by my brother.（误） He asked to have a try. 他请求试一试。→不能变成：To have a try was asked by him.（误） （3）主动句的宾语是反身代词或each other时，不能用作被动语态的主语。如： The woman introduced herself as Mrs. Li. 那个妇女自我介绍说她是李夫人。 不能变成：Herself was introduced herself as Mrs. Li.（误） They help each other to study English. 他们互相帮助学习英语。 不能变成：Each other is helped to study English.（误） 知识点07被动语态与系表结构的区别 “be+动词的过去分词”表示动作时是被动语态；“be+动词的过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时是系表结构。 （1）含有“by+宾语”结构强调动作执行者，此时为被动语态。如： The window is broken. 窗户坏了。（系表结构）// The window is broken by me. 窗户是我打破的。（被动语态） （2）句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般是被动语态。如： The door was closed. 门是关着的。（系表结构）// The door was closed at 9: 00. 九点钟关的门。（被动语态） （3）系表结构中常用介词搭配，被动语态中没有介词搭配。如：We’re worried about the boy. 我们担心那个男孩。 （4）系表结构的过去分词可以被副词修饰。如：I’m really surprised at the news. 我对这个消息真的感到很惊讶。 （5）系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而被动语态可用于多种时态。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 1．Facts show that 30 percent of the patients _________ the instructions of the doctors after they leave hospital. A．doesn’t follow B．don’t follow C．following D．followed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：事实表明，30%的病人在出院后没有遵医嘱。 考查动词时态和主谓一致。doesn’t follow不遵循；don’t follow 不遵循；following 遵循，非谓语动词形式；followed 遵循，过去时态。根据“Facts show that 30 percent of the patients…the instructions of the doctors after they leave hospital.”可知，此处缺谓语动词，且描述患者出院后的行为习惯，需用一般现在时，且主语为复数，需要用动词原形，否定形式要借助助动词don’t。故选 B。 2．The water in the river ________ a lot and we should ________ money to repair (修缮) the broken bridge as soon as possible. A．raises; rise B．rises; raise C．rises; rise D．raise; rises 【答案】B 【详解】句意：河水涨了很高，我们应该筹集资金尽快修缮这座断桥。 考查动词辨析。rise上升，上涨，为不及物动词；raise举起，筹集，为及物动词。第一空指河水上涨，填不及物动词rises；第二空表示“筹钱”，money作宾语，填及物动词raise。故选B。 3．Staying up too late ________ lots of health problems. We’d better go to bed earlier. A．causes B．is caused C．caused D．was causing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：熬夜会引起很多健康问题。我们最好早点睡觉。 考查时态。根据“Staying up too late...lots of health problems.”可知，熬夜会引起很多健康问题，此处时态应为一般现在时，故排除C和D；此处语态应为主动语态，故选A。 4．Alan ________ his winter camp in Switzerland last week and it is the first time that he ________ his hometown to experience a foreign culture. A．left for; has left B．left; left C．left for; left D．left; has left 【答案】A 【详解】句意：艾伦上周动身去了他的瑞士冬令营，这是他第一次离开家乡去体验外国文化。 考查动词短语及时态辨析。left for离开，动身去，动词过去式；has left已离开，现在完成时；left离开，动词过去式。根据“his winter camp in Switzerland last week”可知，第一空表示动身去往某地，且时态为过去时，故动词短语需用过去式；根据“it is the first time that”可知，that引导的从句需用现在完成时，强调过去的动作对现在的影响。故选A。 5．—Have you ever visited the Great Wall? —Yes, I ________ it when I worked in Beijing. A．visits B．was visiting C．have visited D．visited 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你参观过长城吗？——是的，当我在北京工作时，我参观了它。 考查一般过去时。根据“when I worked in Beijing”可知，此句为when引导的时间状语从句，主句时态为一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作。空处填动词过去式的visited作谓语。故选D。 6．—Have you ever visited Shantang Street, Kate? —Yes, I have. I ________ in Suzhou for two weeks last winter. A．stays B．was staying C．stayed D．have stayed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——凯特，你去过山塘街吗？——是的，去过。去年冬天我在苏州待了两周。 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“last winter”可知，动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时。故选C。 7．Great celebrations, such as Lion Dance, ________ in Chinatown this Sunday, rain or shine. A．take place B．took place C．will take place D．are taking place 【答案】C 【详解】句意：无论晴雨，这个星期天唐人街都将举行盛大的庆祝活动，比如舞狮。 考查动词的时态。结合语境和“in Chinatown this Sunday, rain or shine”可知，句子时态为一般将来时，其结构为will+动词原形。故选C。 8．—We don’t know if Nancy ________ to have a picnic with us this weekend. —Let’s make a phone call to check it. A．comes B．will come C．is coming D．came 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我们不知道本周末Nancy是否会来跟我们一起野餐。 ——让我们打电话确认一下吧。 考查动词时态。comes一般现在时；will come一般将来时（表示预测）；is coming现在进行时或进行体表示将来（暗示计划的准备工作在进行中）；came一般过去时。根据“this weekend”和答语可知，应该用一般将来时，排除A、D；本句是对将来的情况进行预测，排除C。故选B。 9．— I called you yesterday, but you didn’t answer. — Sorry. I ________ a report on animal protection. A．read B．am reading C．was reading D．will read 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——昨天我给你打电话，但是你没有接。——抱歉。我正在读一个关于动物保护的报道。 考查过去进行时。根据“yesterday”和“but you didn’t answer”可知，此处表示过去某一时刻正在发生的事情，时态为过去进行时，其谓语结构为“was/were+doing”，主语为I，be动词用was，故选C。 10．— Is it ________ in SuQian in summer? — Yes. Look! It’s ________ now. A．raining; raining B．rainy; raining C．raining; rain D．rain; rainy 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——宿迁夏天下雨吗？——对。看！现在下雨了。 考查形容词和时态辨析。raining下雨，动词现在分词；rainy多雨的，形容词；rain雨，名词。根据“Is it…in SuQian in summer?”可知，此处应是询问天气，rainy“多雨的”，形容词作表语，符合语境；根据“Yes. Look! It’s…now.”中的“now”可知，此处指的是现在正在下雨，句子时态为现在进行时，其谓语结构为：am/is/are doing，raining“下雨”，现在分词，符合语境。故选B。 11．— Has David finished his project yet? — I guess not. He ________ on it at lunchtime. Do you want me to check it for you? A．is working B．was working C．has worked D．had worked 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——David已经完成他的项目了吗？——我猜没有。在午饭时间他正在从事它。你想要我替你去检查一下吗？ 考查过去进行时。根据“at lunchtime”可知时态为过去进行时，其结构为“was/were+doing”，故选B。 12．—Why didn’t you come to our party yesterday? —Sorry. I ________ a football match on TV from 7 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. and forgot the time. A．watched B．was watching C．am watching D．will watch 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你昨天为什么没来参加我们的聚会？——对不起。我从晚上7点到8点半在看足球比赛，忘记了时间。 考查过去进行时。根据“yesterday”和“from 7 p.m. to 8:30 p.m”可知，此处表示过去某个时间段正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，结构是was/were doing。故选B。 13．When I passed by the music room, Sandy ________ the song Auld Lang Syne for the coming school-leaver’s party. A．practised B．will practise C．is practising D．was practising 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当我经过音乐室时，Sandy正在为即将到来的离校晚会练习歌曲《友谊地久天长》。 考查时态。根据“When I passed by the music room”可知，本句为when引导的时间状语从句，从句时态用了一般过去时，主句用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were+doing”，主句主语为Sandy，be动词需用was。故选D。 14．—Why didn’t you watch the final of the basketball match last night, Tom? —Well. I ______ the history project with Jack at that time. A．discuss B．discussed C．am discussing D．was discussing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——汤姆，你昨晚为什么没看篮球比赛决赛？——嗯，当时我和杰克在讨论历史项目。 考查时态。根据“at that time”可知，此处是描述过去的某一时刻正进行的动作，用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were doing”，主语是I，be用was。故选D。 15．—Do you know how long Natsumi ________? —________ she lay on her desk. Should we wake her up for the lesson? A．has been asleep; Since B．has been asleep; After C．has fallen asleep; Since D．has fallen asleep; After 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你知道Natsumi睡了多久吗？——自从她趴在桌子上就睡着了。我们要叫醒她上课吗？   考查动词时态和连词辨析。has been asleep表示持续的状态，强调睡觉的时长；has fallen asleep表示入睡的动作，不强调时长。根据问句“how long”询问持续时间，应选延续性动词has been asleep。Since表示“自从”，与完成时连用；After表示“在……之后”，与过去时连用。根据语境的完成时态，应选Since。故选A。 16．Our bus was 20 minutes late. By the time we arrived at the cinema, the movie ________ for 10 minutes. A．had started B．has started C．had been on D．has been on 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们的公交车晚点了20分钟。当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始了10分钟。 考查过去完成时的用法。根据“By the time we arrived”可知，电影开始发生在“到达”之前，即“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时，结构为“had done”。此外，“start”是瞬间动词，不能与“for + 时间段”连用，需用延续性动词短语“be on”（表示状态）。A项和B项均为瞬间动词，不符合语法；D项为现在完成时，时态错误。故选C。 17．—I’m sorry I am late. The traffic was so heavy on the way. —The movie ______ for five minutes. Let’s hurry! A．has begun B．has been on C．has finished D．has been over 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——对不起，我迟到了。路上交通太拥挤了。——电影已经开始五分钟了。我们快点吧！ 考查现在完成时和延续性动词。根据“for five minutes”可知，此处应用现在完成时，其结构为have/has+done，并且动词使用延续性动词；再根据“Let’s hurry!”可知，此处应该是指电影已经开始5分钟了。begin为短暂性动词，其延续性动词为be on。故选B。 18．The restaurants in Shi Jin District in Rugao ________ for several months, but I ________ there so far. A．have been open; haven’t been B．have opened; haven’t gone C．have been open; haven’t gone D．have opened; haven’t been 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如皋市石津区的餐馆已经开了好几个月了，但我还没有去过。 考查现在完成时。根据“for several months”可知，第一空应用现在完成时，且表示延续性动作，故用have been open；第二空表达“至今未去过某地”，用haven’t been to，由于“there”为副词，要去掉to，即haven’t been。故选A。 19．—Do you miss your parents far away? —Yes. They________the hometown for two years. A．left B．have left C．were away from D．have been away from 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你想念远方的父母吗？——是的。他们离开家乡已经两年了。 考查时态。left离开，过去式；have left离开，现在完成时，表示瞬间动作；were away from离开，过去式；have been away from离开，现在完成时，表示动作持续。根据“for two years”可知，表示持续的时间段，用现在完成时表示动作或状态持续到现在。故选D。 20．—A new recycling station ________ in our neighbourhood next month. —Wow, that’s good news! It will become much cleaner. A．is built B．isn’t built C．will be built D．won’t be built 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们社区下个月将新建一个回收站。——哇，这是个好消息！环境会变得更干净。 考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语“next month”可知，句子应用一般将来时；主语“a new recycling station”与动词build之间是被动关系，结合“Wow, that’s good news! It will become much cleaner.”可知此处表示肯定，因此用一般将来时的被动语态“will be built”。故选C。 21．Potatoes ________ to Europe in the 1500s and their use soon spread across it. A．took B．have taken C．will be taken D．were taken 【答案】D 【详解】句意：马铃薯在16世纪被带到欧洲，很快在欧洲各地得到了广泛的应用。 考查动词时态及语态。Potatoes与动词take之间是被动关系，即：马铃薯被带到欧洲；根据“in the 1500s”可知，时态是一般过去时，一般过去时的被动语态结构为：was/were done。故选D。 22．—Mum, may I watch TV for a while? —As soon as your homework ________, you can. A．finishes B．will be finished C．will finish D．is finished 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我可以看一会儿电视吗？——你的作业一完成，你就可以看。 考查被动语态。根据“As soon as your homework…, you can.”可知，此处是as soon as引导的时间状语从句，主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时，从句用一般现在时，排除B和C；又因为主语“your homework”和谓语动词“finish”之间是被动关系，表示“作业被完成”，所以此处用一般现在时的被动语态is finished。故选D。 23．The 2028 Olympic Games ________ in Los Angeles. A．hold B．are held C．will hold D．will be held 【答案】D 【详解】句意：2028年奥运会将在洛杉矶举行。 考查时态和语态。主语The 2028 Olympic Games和动词hold之间是被动关系，且动作还未发生，故此处用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故选D。 24．Because of the heavy rainstorm, visitors in Qingdao ________ to stay away from the beach yesterday. A．warned B．are warned C．were warned D．have warned 【答案】C 【详解】句意：由于暴雨，青岛的游客昨天被警告远离海滩。 考查被动语态和时态。根据“visitors in Qingdao...to stay away from the beach yesterday”可知，此处为一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were+动词过去分词，主语visitors是复数，be动词用were。故选C。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） （24-25九年级上·浙江温州·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 I met Gunter on a rainy September evening. I was rushing to catch the last bus to Prague for a meeting in 1 (center) Czech Republic. I got into Gunter’s taxi and told him where I needed to go. When we arrived at the bus station, there was a long line of people waiting to get on the bus. But then I realized I had no cash to pay 2 (he). I tried using my Portuguese bankcard, but the machine didn’t work. 3 helpless I was! I was really worried, 4 Gunter told me not to worry and to just get on the bus. He even gave me some money to pay the bus fare, and I apologized and promised to pay him back 5 I returned to Vienna. On my 6 (one) day back in Vienna, I called Gunter to thank him and to pay him back. He laughed and told me to just “pay it forward” by 7 (help) someone else in need. Gunter’s kindness not only helped me catch my bus that night, but it also taught me 8 valuable lesson. I learned that small acts of kindness can make a big 9 (different) in someone’s life. I promised Gunter that I would help others like he helped me, and I felt a new sense of purpose. We are 10 (main) cared for by others, so we want to give more care to others. From that day on, I tried to be more generous towards others, and I will never forget his help and the lesson he taught me. 【答案】1．central 2．him 3．How 4．but 5．when/after 6．first 7．helping 8．a 9．difference 10．mainly 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者在一个雨夜得到出租车司机Gunter无私帮助的经历。 1．句意：我正急着赶上最后一班去布拉格的公交车，去参加在捷克共和国中部的会议。根据“Czech Republic”可知，修饰名词Czech Republic可以用形容词，center的形容词形式为central“中心的”符合语境。故填central。 2．句意：但后来我意识到我没有现金付给他了。根据空前的“pay”可知，动词后应接代词宾格，he的宾格him“他”符合语境。故填him。 3．句意：我多么无助啊！根据“helpless I was!”可知，此句为感叹句，且中心词为形容词helpless，应用how “多么”，注意句首单词首字母要大写。故填How。 4．句意：我真的很担心，但Gunter告诉我不要担心，直接上车。根据“I was really worried”和“not to worry”可知，前后句意相反，此处表示转折关系，应用连词but“但是” 连接。故填but。 5．句意：我道歉并承诺回到维也纳后就还他钱。根据“I returned to Vienna”可知，此处为时间状语从句，应用when“当……时”或after “在……之后”引导。故填when/after。 6．句意：回到维也纳的第一天，我就打电话给Gunter感谢他并还钱。根据“day back in Vienna”可知，此处表示顺序上的 “第一”，应用one对应的序数词first。故填first。 7．句意：他笑着告诉我，只要通过帮助其他需要帮助的人来“传递善意”。根据“by” 可知，介词后应接动名词形式，help的动名词形式helping“帮助” 符合语境。故填helping。 8．句意：Gunter的善意不仅帮助我那晚赶上了公交车，还给我上了宝贵的一课。根据“lesson”可知，lesson为可数名词单数，且为泛指，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 9．句意：我了解到，小小的善举可以对别人的生活产生巨大的影响。make a difference意为 “产生影响”，应用different的名词形式difference “差别”。故填difference。 10．句意：我们主要由别人关照，所以我们想给别人更多的关心。根据“are”和“cared for”可知，此处应用副词修饰动词，main的副词形式mainly “主要地” 符合语境。故填mainly。 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 1．My teachers often (advice) us to choose proper hobbies. 【答案】advise 【详解】句意：我的老师们经常建议我们选择适当的爱好。根据“My teachers often...us to choose proper hobbies.”可知，空处缺一个动词。advice对应动词形式为advise。根据“often”可知，本句时态为一般现在时，且主语为“My teachers”，后面的谓语用原形。故填advise。 2．Look out! The toy made of glass (break) easily. 【答案】breaks 【详解】句意：小心！这个玻璃做的玩具很容易碎。根据“break easily”可知，这是描述属性，属于经常性的情况，应用一般现在时。主语“the toy”是第三人称单数，根据主谓一致原则，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。break“破碎”，动词，其第三人称单数形式是“breaks”。故填breaks。 3．The waterfall (lie) in the deep forest, so it is hard to find it without a guide. 【答案】lies 【详解】句意：这个瀑布位于深林之中，所以没有向导很难找到它。根据“The waterfall…in the deep forest”可知，这里描述的是瀑布的位置状态，是一个客观事实，用一般现在时。主语the waterfall是第三人称单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，lie的第三人称单数形式是lies，故填lies。 4．Mike (dig) deep in the field to find the treasure the other day. 【答案】dug 【详解】句意：前几天麦克为了找到宝藏，在地里挖得很深。dig“挖”，根据“the other day”可知，该句是一般过去时，动词应该填过去式。故填dug。 5．Lu Yao’s friends using music to relax her last week. (advice) 【答案】advised 【详解】句意：上周，路遥的朋友们建议她用音乐来放松自己。根据句意和所给单词提示可知，此处缺少谓语动词，advice的动词形式是advise，意为“建议”；再根据“last week”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，所以谓语动词advise要用其过去式advised。故填advised。 6．The price of houses (rise) a lot in Yangzhou in 2018, but it dropped a little after that. 【答案】rose 【详解】句意：2018年扬州的房价上涨了很多，但之后略有下降。根据“in 2018”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式rose。故填rose。 7．Take a smartphone with you when travelling, or you (lose) your way in a strange place. 【答案】will lose 【详解】句意：旅行时随身携带智能手机，否则你会在一个陌生的地方迷路。分析句子可知，此处是“祈使句+ or+陈述句”，此时的陈述句表示对未来的推测或警告，应用一般将来时的“will+动词原形”，此处表示“不带手机可能会在陌生的地方迷路”。故填will lose。 8．The young women (receive) training to be nurses at the end of this month, aren’t they? 【答案】are going to receive 【详解】句意：这些年轻女性将于本月底接受护士培训，不是吗？根据反义疑问句“aren’t they”以及时间状语“at the end of this month”可知，此处表示将来的动作，且反义疑问句的助动词为“are”，所以主句应用“be going to do”结构，主语“The young women”为复数，be动词用“are”。故填are going to receive。 9．Neither Jason nor his friend (be) going to give up the match. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：杰森和他的朋友都不打算放弃比赛。根据“Neither...nor...”结构，动词应与靠近的主语“his friend”保持一致，且句中时态为将来时，故动词用“is going to”。故填is。 10．Bob is busy with his study these days. I guess he (work) on his project. 【答案】is working 【详解】句意：Bob这些天忙于他的研究。我猜他正在从事他的项目。work动词，工作。根据第一句可知，这里表达“他正在从事他的项目”，用现在进行时，其结构为“主语+be+动词的ing形式+其他成分。”主语是he，be动词用is，work的ing形式是working。故填is working。 11．With the help of his parents, the boy is his horse to a big tree. (tie) 【答案】tying 【详解】句意：在父母的帮助下，男孩正把他的马拴在一棵大树上。tie“系”，此处用现在分词tying与is构成现在进行时结构。故填tying。 12．It is difficult to see the road clearly because it (rain) hard outside. 【答案】is raining 【详解】句意：很难看清道路，因为外面正下着大雨。此处表示正在发生的动作，句子应用现在进行时，其结构为“be doing”；主语it是第三人称单数，be动词应用is，rain的现在分词形式为raining。故填is raining。 13．All the team members were (train) hard when I passed by the room. 【答案】training 【详解】句意：当我经过房间时，所有队员都在努力训练。根据“All the team members were...when I passed by the room.”可知，此处表明训练动作在那一刻正在进行，应用现在分词形式training。故填training。 14．—Why didn’t you open the door for me? —Sorry, I (translate) an email and didn’t hear the knock. 【答案】was translating 【详解】句意：——你为什么不给我开门？——抱歉，我正在翻译一封邮件，没听到敲门声。根据“Why didn’t you open the door for me”和“didn’t hear the knock”可知，“没开门”和“没听到敲门声”的时候，“翻译邮件”这个动作正在进行，所以要用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were+现在分词”；主语I是第一人称单数，be动词用was，translate的现在分词是translating。故填was translating。 15．The writer together with his helpers (translate) the French novel in his office when suddenly the telephone rang. 【答案】was translating 【详解】句意：这位作家和他的助手们正在办公室翻译这部法语小说时，突然电话铃响了。“when suddenly the telephone rang”是过去进行时的常用语境，强调一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作突然发生；together with连接两个主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语The writer保持一致，The writer是单数，所以be动词用was，translate的现在分词是translating。故填was translating。 16．When I called Lucy last night, she (watch) a movie with her family. 【答案】was watching 【详解】句意：昨晚我给露西打电话时，她正在和家人一起看电影。根据“When I called Lucy last night”以及英语提示可知，此处强调过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were + 现在分词”。主语she是第三人称单数，所以be动词用was，watch的现在分词是watching。故填was watching。 17．—Did you see Anne outside the door just now? —Sure. She (ring) someone, so I nodded to her and went away. 【答案】was ringing 【详解】句意：——你刚才在门外看见安妮了吗？ ——当然。她在给别人打电话，所以我向她点了点头就走开了。根据“so I nodded to her and went away.”可知，此处是指“我”向安妮点头时她正在打电话，应用过去进行时，其结构是was/were doing；主语She为第三人称单数，be动词用was；ring“打电话”，动词，其现在分词为ringing。故填was ringing。 18．So far, the little boy (fall) over several times while learning to ride. 【答案】has fallen 【详解】句意：到目前为止，这个小男孩在学骑车的时候已经摔倒好几次了。“So far”是现在完成时的标志词，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”；主语“the little boy”是第三人称单数，助动词用“has”；“fall”的过去分词是“fallen”。故填has fallen。 19．— Can I borrow your bike to get to the library? — Sorry, I (lend) it to Lily. She came for it this morning. 【答案】have lent 【详解】句意：——我能借你的自行车去图书馆吗？——抱歉，我已经借给Lily了。她今早来拿走了。“借”的动作发生在过去，但是对现在产生了影响，应用现在完成时，主语是I，助动词用have。故填have lent。 20．—Labubu, a toy made by a Chinese company (draw) a lot of attention recently. —Indeed. It is very popular all around the world. 【答案】has drawn 【详解】句意：——拉布布，一款中国公司生产的玩具最近吸引了很多关注。 ——确实。它在全世界都非常受欢迎。根据句中的时间状语“recently”可知，该句时态要用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，即现在吸引了很多关注；现在完成时的结构是“have/has+过去分词”，主语“Labubu”是单数，助动词用“has” ，“draw”的过去分词是“drawn”，故填has drawn。 21．I won’t go to watch the bird show tomorrow because I have it. (watch) 【答案】watched 【详解】句意：我明天不会去看鸟类表演了，因为我已经看过了。根据“I won’t go to watch the bird show tomorrow because I have...it.”可知，此处表示“已经看过了”，所以不需要再去看，时态应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+动词的过去分词”，watch的过去分词为watched，“have watched it”表示“已经看过了”。故填watched。 22．You can’t come into this garden until you (allow) to. 【答案】are allowed 【详解】句意：直到你被允许进去，你才能进入这个花园。主语you和动词allow之间是被动关系，句子是until引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般现在时，故此处用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词用are。故填are allowed。 23．—Where the 2026 Winter Olympics (hold)?   —In Italy. 【答案】 will be held 【详解】句意：——2026年冬奥会将在哪里举行？——在意大利。根据“2026”可知，此处用一般将来时，结合主语“the 2026 Winter Olympics”和谓语动词hold“举行”存在被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will；be held。 24．Air and water are seriously (pollute) in this area because of the factories nearby. 【答案】polluted 【详解】句意：由于附近的工厂，这个地区的空气和水被严重污染了。根据“Air and water are seriously...”以及英文提示可知，此处主语“Air and water”与动词“pollute”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，其结构为“be + 过去分词”。pollute的过去分词是polluted。故填polluted。 25．We are to keep the books for two weeks. (allow) 【答案】allowed 【详解】句意：我们被允许保留这些书两周。allow“允许”，主语we与allow之间是被动关系，用被动语态，结构为be done，allow的过去分词为allowed。故填allowed。 26．Luckily, Mr. Li (send) to the hospital in time yesterday and he’s better now. 【答案】was sent 【详解】句意：幸运的是，李先生昨天及时被送到医院，现在好多了。Mr. Li与send之间是被动关系，李先生被送往医院，故为被动语态。根据“yesterday”可知，时态是一般过去时。一般过去时的被动语态结构为：was/were done，主语是Mr. Li，be动词用was。故填was sent。 链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） （2024·江苏苏州·一模）When did people start to use fire? No one knows, but we know it was 1 long time ago. Fire was useful then and is still useful now. But fire can also be very 2 (danger). Almost every day we see fire engines 3 (rush) through the streets. Fires have not only resulted in heavy losses but also hurt 4 killed many people. In recent years, there has been a marked 5 (grow) of fire accidents in big cities. What are the 6 (cause) of fire accidents? Most of the fires are 7 (bring) about by carelessness and violation (违反) of fire regulations. In order to prevent fires, we should first of all raise 8 (people) awareness of fire prevention. The second thing we should do is to train fire fighters. 9 (final), we should make the fire engines better and add 10 (many) fire facilities (设施) to high-rise buildings. 【答案】1．a 2．dangerous 3．rushing 4．and 5．growth 6．causes 7．brought 8．people’s 9．Finally 10．more 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了火灾事故频发，我们应该提高防火意识。 1．句意：没有人知道，但是我们知道那是很久之前了。根据问句“When did people start to use fire?”可知，此处答句应为a long time ago，意为“很久之前”，故填a。 2．句意：但是火也可能会非常危险。根据“But fire can also be very”可知，此空是来修饰主语fire，应用形容词，故填dangerous。 3．句意：几乎每天我们都能看到消防车在街上疾驰。根据“Almost every day we see fire engines”可知，此处是短语see sb. doing sth，表示“看到某人正在做某事”，此句表示在街上看到消防车的时候，消防车正在疾驰，故填rushing。 4．句意：火不仅能造成重大的损失，也能让很多人受伤、死亡。根据“Fires have not only resulted in heavy losses but also hurt ”及“killed many people”可知，此句主语为fires，谓语动词为result, hurt及kill，连接两个并列成分应用连词and，故填and。 5．句意：近几年，大城市的火灾事故有了明显的增长。根据“there has been a marked”及“of fire accidents in big cities.”可知，该句为there be句型，句中缺少主语，应用名词，grow的名词形式为growth，故填growth。 6．句意：火灾事故的起因是什么呢？根据“are”可知，此处cause的复数，表起因，故填causes。 7．句意：大部分的火灾都是因疏忽和违反规定导致的。根据主语“Most of the fires”可知，主语为动词bring的动作承受者，应用被动语态，故填brought。 8．句意：为了防火，我们首先要提高人们的防火意识。根据“awareness of fire prevention.”可知，此处应为“人们的防火意识”，需用所有格，故填people’s。 9．句意：最后，我们应该把消防车优化并且在高楼中增加更多的灭火设施。根据“we should make the fire engines better ”可知，此空是修饰整个句子，应用副词，故填Finally。 10．句意：最后，我们应该把消防车优化并且在高楼中增加更多的灭火设施。根据“make the fire engines better”及“add”可知，此空也应用比较级，故填more。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $