Unit 7 Welcome-Reading 知识点讲义 2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级上册

本讲义聚焦译林版英语Unit 7 Natural world课时1核心内容，系统梳理自然世界主题词汇（如treat, support, climate）、关键句型（be home to, make a difference to）及语法点（动词不定式作目的状语、each主谓一致），构建从词汇解析到句型应用再到语法巩固的学习支架。 资料以语言能力和思维品质培养为特色，词汇讲解含多维度辨析（如treat的“对待、治疗、款待”多义及搭配练习），语法通过对比题（include与including填空）强化理解，练习分层设计（基础巩固到能力提升）且语境贴合环保主题。课中助力教师系统授课，课后学生可借错题解析查漏补缺，提升自主学习能力。

译林版英语 Unit 7 Natural world 课时1 Welcome-Reading 知识精讲 Introduction&welcome to the unit 1.To treat the earth kindly is to treat oneself kindly. 善待地球就是善待自己。(P92) ① treat v.“对待;看待” treat sb. well/badly/fairly(善待 / 亏待 / 公平对待某人) “治疗” treat + 疾病 / 伤痛 + (with sth.) “款待;招待” 搭配:treat sb to sth 用某物招待某人 n.“款待;招待” give sb. a treat(招待某人);have a treat(享受款待) 2. ......and see what we can do to help protect them. (P92) 本句当中to help为动词不定式作目的状语(Unit 5单元语法知识点,也是易错点) 例句:我们应该弄清楚能做些什么来帮助贫困地区的孩子。 We should find out what _ _ _ to help the children in poor areas.(答案:we can do) Think about how we can plant more trees (improve)the air.(答案:to improve) 3.Rain forests are home to over half of all the types of animals and plants on earth. (P93) be home to 是......的家园 over half of 超过半数的 all the types of 所有种类的 on earth 地球上 4.Coral reefs look like rocks,but they support a lot of life in just a small area. (P93) ①coral n.珊瑚 reef n.礁 ②support v.支持,支撑;拥护 n.支持,拥护 support sb. / sth. 支持某人 / 某物 例句:Most people support this environmental project.(大多数人支持这个环保项目。) give support to sb. / sth. 为某人 / 某物提供支持 with one’s support 在某人的支持下(中考写作高频句型) 例句:With our support, more and more birds come back.(在我们的支持下,越来越多的鸟儿飞回来了。) 完成句子: 1.在政府的支持下,我们城市建了很多湿地公园。 _ the government’s _, many wetland parks have been built in our city. (答案:With; support) 5.Grasslands often lie between deserts and forests. (P93) [解析] lie between...and... 位于......和......之间 6.The ice is home to animals like polar bears and penguins.(P93) [解析] penguin n.企鹅 常考点:复数 penguins 7.And the difference in temperature between day and night is huge.(P93) 昼夜温差大。 difference n.差异,不同(之处) different adj.不同的 be different in 在......方面不同 be different from 和......不同 make a difference to 对......有影响,起作用 [练习] 1.There are no great between the two jackets.(这两件夹克衫没有太大差别。)(答案:differences) 2.Whether you study hard or not will make a big difference your grades.(你是否努力学习,会对你的成绩产生很大影响。)(答案:to) 8.Yes,the climate is so awful that only a few animals and plants can live there. (1) climate n.气候 climate change 气候变化 a dry/wet climate 干燥 / 湿润的气候 the climate of... …… 的气候 / 风气 [练习] 1. 单项选择(词义辨析) — The _ in Guangzhou is hot and rainy in summer. — Yes, but the _ today is cool and windy. A. climate; weather B. weather; climate C.pleasant; weather D.weather;pleasant (答案:A) 2. 气候变化对湿地生态系统有很大影响。 _ _ has a great influence on the wetland ecosystem.(答案:Climate change) (2) awful adj.糟糕的 awful weather 糟糕的天气 awful news 坏消息 awful smell 难闻的气味 It’s awful of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事真是太过分了 例句:It’s awful of him to litter in the wetland.(他在湿地里乱扔垃圾,真是太过分了。) (3) so...that 如此......以至于...... 例句:The climate in the polar region is so awful that few living things can survive there.(极地的气候太恶劣了,几乎没有生物能在那里生存。) Reading 1.An ecosystems includes all the living and non-living things in an area.(P 94) (1) include v.包括,包含 include + 名词 / 代词 包括...... 例句:The list of endangered animals includes pandas and elephants.(濒危动物名单包括熊猫和大象。) 表 “包含在…… 里” 需用 be included in These plants are included in the local ecosystem.(这些植物被纳入了当地的生态系统中。) include 与 including 的区别 单词 词性 词义 易错点 include 动词 包括,包含 三单,includes 过去式included including 介词 包括......在内 放在名词前,前面有逗号隔开。 用所给词的适当形式填空 1.The ecosystem _ (include) water, soil and plants.(答案:includes,一般现在时,主语为单数) 2.Many animals are in the zoo, (include) pandas.(答案:including) (2) non-living things 非生物的 living things 生物 non-否定前缀 表示“不,非,无” nonprofit adj.非盈利的 non-stop adj.不停的,直达的 non-smoker 不属于吸烟者类别 2.Ecosystem can be of different sizes,from small ponds to large grasslands. (P 94) (1) be of different sizes 有不同的大小 be of different+名词复数=have different +名词复数 (2) from...to... 从......到...... 3.Each ecosystem has a role to play and helps keep the balance between all its members and the greater environment. (P 94) (1) Each 位于句首作主语,谓语动词用单数; 复数+each 作主语,谓语动词用复数。 ① Each of the books _ (be) about climate change.(答案:is) ② The two boys _ got a prize for their hard work.(答案:B复数主语 + each,谓语用复数 have) A. each has B. each have C. every has (2) has a role to play 有其作用 role n.作用,角色,职能 play an important role in... 在......中起重要作用 4.It covers around 71% of the earth’s surface and produce about 70% of the earth’s oxygen.(P 94) (1) .cover v.包含,覆盖 be covered with 被......覆盖 v.足以支付;报道;涉及;行走...距离;占......面积 n.封面,盖子 (2) surface n.表面 on the surface 在外表之下 surface area 表面积 the surface of .....的面积 (3) around adv. 大约 5.It holds plenty of salt water,and the water rises to the sky,fall onto the land and then returns to the ocean. (1) plenty pron.大量,许多 adv.相当,非常 plenty of+可数复数/不可数名词 plenty good 相当好 (2) hold v.容纳,包含;抓住,拿;举行,进行 过去式: held hold a meeting 举行一个会议 hold a book in hand 手里拿着书 (3) salt n.盐,食盐 salty adj.含盐的 salty food 咸的食物 sea salt 海盐 (4) return v./n. 返回,恢复 return...to... 把......归还....... in return 作为回报 return from... 从......回来 return sth to sb=return sb sth 归还某人某物 易错点:return 不能和back 连用 return=give back the return of... …… 的回归 / 归还 [练习] 1. When will you from your trip? -Next Monday. A.return back B.return C.come back to (答案:B,return 不与 back 连用;后无地点名词,不用 to) 2. We are excited about the _ (return) of our favorite teacher.(答案:return,名词形式) 6.Plants in wetlands help get rid of pollution and make the water clean. (P93) rid v.使摆脱 get rid of 摆脱,消除(后面跟具体或抽象的都可以) get rid of bad habits 改掉坏习惯 get rid of stress 摆脱压力 get rid of rubbish 清除垃圾 7.Wetlands can also help prevent floods. (P93) prevent v.预防,阻止 prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 = stop sb from doing sth = keep sb from doing sth 注意:三个短语中,只有keep后面的from不可以省略。 单项选择 1. — What can we do_ the sandstorm from happening?— Plant more trees. A. to prevent B. avoid C. stop from D.prevent (答案:A,考查 prevent...from doing 结构) 2.We must do our best to prevent him from _ (cut) down the trees.(答案:cutting) 8.During heavy rains,wetlands store water like huge sponges.(P93) (1) store v.储存,存放 n.商店,店铺 store water 储水 store information 储存信息 a book store 书店 (2) sponge n.海绵 Wetlands are natural sponges.(湿地是天然的海绵。) 深层含义:湿地具有储存水分、调节洪水的功能。 9.They act like the “kidneys”of the earth. (P93) act v.起作用,扮演 action n.行动 take action to do sth 采取行动做某事 actor n. 男演员 actress n. 女演员 active adj.积极的,活跃的 activity n.活动 act as 担任... 10.They also trap harmful things in their leaves and help clean the air.(P93) trap v.吸收,使落入险境 n.陷阱;困境 be trapped in...被困在......里 set a trap for sb/sth 为某人/物设置陷阱 fall into a trap 落入陷阱 [练习] 1.湿地能储存水分,这对保护动植物很重要。 Wetlands can _ water, which is important for protecting plants and animals.(答案:trap) 2.The old man set a trap _ (catch) the fox.(答案:to catch,不定式表目的)基础巩固 一、单词拼写(根据句意及首字母提示完成单词,每空一词) 1. Wetlands are like huge s_, they can store lots of water. 2. We should take action to p_ the environment from being polluted. 3. The c_ in the north of China is dry and cold in winter. 4. An ecosystem i_ both living and non-living things. 5. Many birds r_ to the south when winter comes. 6. The terrible storm t_ some villagers in the mountains last week. 7. There is a big d_ between the climate of the north and the south. 8. It’s a_ that people cut down trees in the wetland. 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 9. Each of the students _ (support) the wetland protection project. 10. Wetlands can prevent the soil from _ (wash) away by rain. 11. The _ (treat) of the environment is very important for all living things. 12. We are excited about the _ (return) of the migratory birds. 13. The _ (different) between the two wetlands are easy to see. 14. He _ (trap) in the heavy rain on his way home yesterday. 15. It’s nonsense _ (cut) down so many trees. 16. The climate change _ (make) a big difference to the ecosystem. 三、单项选择 1.— What does the sign mean? — It means the area is for _. A. non-smoker B. non-smokers C. non-smoking D.non-smoke 2.Wetlands can _ water and keep the land wet, so they are called natural sponges. A. trap B. catch C. stop D.traps 3.Each student in our class _ a dictionary to study English. A. have B. has C. having D.to have 4.The climate here is _ that only a few plants can survive. A. so awful B. awfully C. such awful D.such awfully 5.You must _ the books to the library before you leave the school. A. return to B. return back C. give back to D. return 6.We should do something to prevent floods _ happening. A. from B. of C. to D.in 7.There are some _ between the two ecosystems, but we can’t see them easily. A. different B. difference C. differences D.differents 8.— Why does the writer compare wetlands to sponges? — Because they can _ water and release it when necessary. A. include B. trap C. support D.including 参考答案 一、单词拼写 1.sponges 2.protect 3.climate 4.includes 5.return 6.trapped 7.difference 8.awful 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 9.supports 10.being washed 11.treatment 12. return 13.differences 14.was trapped 15.to cut 16.makes 三、单项选择 1-5BA BAD 6-8ACB 能力提升 一、完形填空 What does the word ecology(生态) mean? It was 1 by Ernst Haeckel, a German biologist. It means“the study of the house”.“The house”is our 2 , earth. Earth is home for all living things—humans, animals, plants, and even tiny microbes(微生物). An ecologist is a scientist who studies the 3 between organisms(生物) and their environment. The environment is an organism’s surroundings. It may 4 water, gases, rocks, and temperature. An ecologist once asked a boy 5 he thought about protecting the environment. The boy said, “You go into the forest and look for somebody who wants to cut down a tree. You stop him and tell him how 6 trees are. They are good for natural beauty, saving soil, and giving shelter to birds and other animals.” “Good answer,” said the ecologist, “7 it may not be easier to find a woodcutter to talk to. Also, remember that sometimes it’s 8 to cut down a tree. If we cut down too many trees, the forest will disappear. If we don’t cut down any trees, we won’t get any resources from the forest. We have to find the right 9 .” The boy agreed,“We need the forest’s 10 for wood and paper or we might not have desks or notebooks for school.” “Exactly—and school is a good place to learn about ecology,”added the ecologist.“Then you will know how to protect the natural environment.” ( )1. A. proved B. invented C. marked D. accepted ( )2. A. planet B. building C. project D. surface ( )3. A. feeling B. relationships C. distance D. competitions ( )4. A. pollute B. control C. include D. reduce ( )5. A. who B. whose C. why D. what ( )6. A. wild B. common C. wealthy D. important ( )7. A. but B. and C. so D. or ( )8. A. comfortable B. tiring C. impossible D. necessary ( )9. A. mystery B. temperature C. balance D. symbol ( )10. A. soil B. resources C. landscape D. wildlife (答案:1-5 BABCD 6-10 DADCB) 2、 阅读理解 In the US, there are more than 50 billion honeybees flying around our farms and neighbourhoods every summer. We take care of them so they can take care of us by helping many of our crops grow. But honeybees aren’t the only bees in town. People from England brought the first honeybees to North America in 1622. But those European honeybees arrived at a land that was already filled with wild bees—more than 4,000 kinds of them. Some of those wild bee kinds are bumblebees (大黄蜂). Maybe bumblebees are our most famous wild bees, and they are the same as honeybees in many ways. They live in groups and they are active all summer long. But most wild bees are quite different. Many of them live their lives alone. In these kinds, each female is a hard-working single mum who builds her own nest, usually in an underground cave, lays her own eggs, and works alone to feed her babies. More than 80% of all plant kinds depend on animals to move their pollen (花粉) from flower to flower. This process, called pollination (授粉), makes it possible for these plants to produce seeds. All kinds of animals play an important role in pollination: butterflies, moths, flies, ants, even birds and bats, but bees are the best pollinators out there. Some of these relationships have developed over millions of years, and the survival of each partner depends on the other. ( )1. What does the first paragraph tell us? A. Honeybees are everywhere in the US all year round. B. The farmers in the US are bored with too many honeybees. C. Honeybees are useless to the farmers in the US. D. Lots of honeybees in the US help with the crops' growth. ( )2. What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. European honeybees. B. American bumblebees. C. American honeybees. D. European wild bees. ( )3. What can we learn from the passage? A. Plants and animals depend on each other to survive. B. The first honeybees were from North America. C. Male wild bees are the most hard-working. D. Most plants move their pollen on their own. (答案:1-3 DBA) 三、阅读还原 The unity (和谐) of Man and Nature “The unity of man and nature”is necessary and important in the cultural tradition of China. The Chinese believe the basic way to their philosophy (哲学) of life. 1_ They are also celebrated for nature. “Heaven (天) and earth are parents to all things in the world.” The beauty of nature is to “give birth to all things” and “let all things grow”, while the duty of humans is to “make all things perfect”. Heaven, earth, and humans should be in unity. 2_ They are necessary to each other, so they should treat each other with kindness. The idea of unity of man and nature has been the heart of the Chinese people. 3_ In most provinces of China, some rules have been made to reduce pollution. Many power stations that produce and provide safe and clean electricity have been built. 4_ Most of the Chinese, especially the young, are willing to protect the natural environment. China is now working with all other countries to make the earth a better place to live. 5_ A. Each of the three has its own way. B. The power is from water, wind, and sunlight. C. There are plenty of great people in the history. D. The ancient Chinese never placed themselves above nature. E. It encourages modern Chinese to take action to protect natural environment. F. Most traditional Chinese festivals build a right order of relationship among humans. G. Trees reduce dust and help keep the air clean. (答案:GACFE) 四、选词填空 support, prevent, include, trap, non-living, An ecosystem is a community where living and 1. _ things live together. It 2. _ small insects, tall trees, and even large animals. Every part of it plays a role to 3. _ the balance of nature. For example, forests can 4. _ carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, while wetlands can 5. _ water to control floods. climate, return, awful, difference, treat However, the global 6. _ is changing these years. The weather becomes 7. _ in some places—hotter in summer and colder in winter. This makes a big 8. _ to many ecosystems. Some animals can’t get enough food to eat, so they don’t 9. _ to their living areas in spring. We must 10. _ the earth kindly, because protecting ecosystems is protecting ourselves. (答案:1.non-living 2.includes 3.support 4.trap 5.prevent 6.climate 7.awful 8.differencem9.return 10.treat) 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $