2026年牛津译林版中考英语一轮复习------非谓语动词知识点 讲义

该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦非谓语动词专项，覆盖中考核心考点如形式区分、主被动及时态关系，知识点按定义、形式、句法功能到解题思路（三步法）和八大原则递进，通过考点梳理、方法指导、真题训练突破难点，体现复习系统性和针对性。 亮点在于“三步法”解题与八大原则归纳，如通过定语用法区分（不定式表将来、现在分词表主动进行）培养思维品质，分层练习（单选、填空）提升学习能力。限时训练与即时反馈保障效率，助学生掌握策略，教师可据此把控节奏，提升应考能力。

课 题 （译林）中考一轮复习------非谓语动词专项讲解 教学目标 1. 理解非谓语动词定义与使用条件； 2. 掌握非谓语动词的形式及时态； 3. 学会运用非谓语动词句法功能； 4. 熟练非谓语动词做题思路与原则 。 重难点透视 1. 区分非谓语动词的各种形式； 2. 掌握不同时态下的非谓语动词用法； 3. 依据时间先后和主被动关系选择合适形式； 4. 运用八大原则解决非谓语动词相关题目 。 知识点剖析 序号 知识点 预估时间 掌握情况 1 非谓语动词相关知识的 90 min 2 针对性练习巩固 30 min 教 学 内 容 非谓语动词 1. 定义：在一个句子中，除了谓语动词之外的其他动词形式就叫非谓语动词。 2. 使用条件:一个句子中已经存在一个动词，又没有连词的情况下，另一个动词需要用非谓语。 ①动名词：≈名词的作用，V-ing作主语，后面谓语动词用三单。 3. 形式： ⑴V-ing: ②现在分词：（表示进行，主动的动作） ⑵to+V原：（表示目的，将来的动作） ⑶V（done过去分词）：（表示完成，被动的动作） 综上所述，非谓语的形式要从两个方面考虑，一个是时间的先后关系，另一个是主动被动的关系。 过去分词 done： ①及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成；②不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。 Eg.polluted river被污染的河流； fallen leaves落叶 fall不及物动词，过去分词表达完成，已经落下，翻译为“落叶” 注意：非谓语动词本身不能表示现在和过去。非谓语动词表示进行、将来和完成时是相对于谓语动作来说的： · 和谓语动作同时发生表示进行(用doing或being done); · 发生在谓语动作之后表示将来(用to do或to be done); · 发生在谓语动作之前表示完成(用having done或having been done)。 非谓语动词的句法功能 非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外，其它所有成分都可以做。具体如下。 1. to do不定式：做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。 To learn a foreign language is difficult.(作主语)学会一门外语是很难的。（放句首做主语） It’ s easy to see their aunt.(作真正主语，it做形式主语)很容易见到他们的姑姑。 Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.(作宾语)汤姆想要喝杯啤酒。放动词或介词后作宾语 His wish is to be a driver.(作表语)他的愿望是当一名司机。放系动词后作表语 I have nothing to say.(作定语)我没有什么可说的。放名词或代词后作定语 The teacher told us to do homework.(作宾语补足语)老师让我们做早操。 They went to see their aunt.(目的状语)他们去见他们的姑姑。 2. 现在分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语。 The story is interesting.(作表语)这个故事有趣。 放系动词后作表语 He sat there,reading a newspaper.(作状语)他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。 The area being studied is rich in coal.(作定语)这个正在被研究的地方富含煤。放名词或代词后作定语 He saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.(作宾补)他看到小偷正在从银行偷钱。 3. 过去分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语。 He is interested in the news.(作表语) 他对这则消息很感兴趣。 放系动词后作表语 （表被动） polluted river(做前置定语)被污染的河流 （表被动） Given more time I can do my work better.(做状语)如果再被多给些时间，我会把工作做得更好。 （表被动） I found my watch stolen.(做宾补)我发现我的手表被偷了。 非谓语动词做题思路 三步法： 1.判定非谓语动词。 2.找逻辑主语(非谓语动词的主语) ①非谓动词做定语时，其逻辑主语是它所修饰的名词或代词。 ②非谓语动作做状语时，其逻辑主语是句子主语。 ③非谓语动作做宾补时，其逻辑主语是它前面的宾语。 3.分折关系 ①主动被动关系(逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间的关系) ②时间先后关系(非谓语动词与谓语动词之间的关系) (非谓语动词发生在谓语动词之后，用to do;同时发生用doing;在谓语动词之前发生且表被动用done。如果两个动词之间没有明确的先后顺序，若主动用doing,被动用done,表示伴随的状态。) 非谓语动词各种时态形式 1. 不定式 基本形式： to do(表示主动，并且一般表示将来) 被动式： to be done(表示被动，并且一般表示将来) 进行式： to be doing(表示主动和进行) 完成时： to have done(表示主动和完成) 完成被动式： to have been done(表示被动和完成) 完成进行式： to have been doing(表示主动和完成进行) 2. 动名词 基本形式： doing(表示主动) 被动式： being done(表示被动) 完成式： having done(表示主动和完成) 完成被动式： having been done(表示被动和完成) 3. 现在分词 基本形式： doing(表示主动和进行) 被动式： being done(表示被动和进行) 完成式： having done(表示主动和完成) 完成被动式： having been done(表示被动和完成) 4. 过去分词 及物动词的过去分词 表示被动或完成 不及物动词的过去分词 表示主动或完成。 ➪(过去分词不表主动的情况) 非谓语动词8大原则 · 原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式 表目的：To make this cake,you'll need 2 eggs.为了做这块蛋糕，你需要2只鸡蛋。 · 原则二：用于名词后作定语时，使用非谓语动词的原则 1　 用不定式→表示动作尚未发生，将要发生 2　 用现在分词→表示动作正在进行，同时表示主动意义 3　 用过去分词→表示动作已经发生，同时表示被动意义 将要发生 Eg.The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.明天将要举行的会议非常重要。 主动意义 Eg.The girl reading English over there is my daughter.那边读英语的女孩是我的女儿。 被动意义 Eg.The house bought last year will be sold a few days later.去年买的房子几天后就会出售。 · 原则三：用作伴随状语，原则上要用现在分词 Eg.A card came yesterday saying Tom will arrive tomorrow. 昨天收到的明信片上说，汤姆明天到。 Eg.The dog entered the room,following his master. 这条狗跟着主人进了屋。 · 原则四：用作结果状语时，可用现在分词或不定式 ①常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果 The fire lasted nearly a month,leaving nothing valuable. 大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么值钱的东西。 ②常用不定式表示令人意外的结果(或用于某些特定句式中) I went to see him last night only to find him out. 我去找他，结果发现他出去了。 · 原则五：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词 ( 但是 → 如果所涉及的动作尚未发生 ◇ 则用不定式的被动式(to be done); → 如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用现在分词的被动式(being done)。 ) 被动关系且动作已完成 · The meeting held last week is very important.上周举行的会议非常重要。 · 原则六：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致 (be)faced with的逻辑主语是John Faced with a bill for $10,000.John has taken an extra job.面对一张一万元的支票，约翰又接了一份工作。 · 原则七：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式 (根据情况可用不定式的完成式或现在分词的完成式) He forgot having promised to write things for us.他忘了答应给我们写东西。 · 原则八：对于固定搭配，原则上按搭配习惯处理 (be)faced with为固定搭配，其意为"面对" Faced with so much trouble,we failed to complete the task on time.面对如此多的麻烦，我们未能按时完成任务。 【搞定to do和doing】 1. 动词不定式to do →表示将要“去做”(现在还没做),突出接下来的打算 2. 动名词doing →名词(指一件事情) Eg. reading →阅读这件事 ； to read →去阅读 ① I want to learn English.我想要学英语。 · want想要(肯定是想要去做)→想要去学英语→用to do(to learn) want to do sth.想要去做某件事 ②I enjoy learning English.我享受学英语。 · enjoy享受(肯定是享受一件事)→享受学英语这件事→用doing(learning English) enjoy doing sth.享受某件事 · to do和doing的区别 stop to do sth.→停下来去做某件事 remember to do sth.→记得要去做某件事 forget to do sth.→忘记要去做某件事 stop doing sth.→停止做某一件事 remember doing sth.→记得做过某件事 forget doing sth.→忘记做过某件事 regret to do sth.→怀着遗憾要去做某件事 go on to do sth.→继续要去做某件事(指另一件事) regret doing sth.→后悔做过某件事 go on doing sth.→继续做某件事(指同一件事) a try to do sth.→努力要去做某件事 mean to do sth 打算、意欲做某事 try doing sth.→尝试做某件事 manage doing sth. 意味着做某事 including→包括...在内（作介词/分词） included→ ...包含在内（作过去分词/形容词） ①结构为整体 + , 部分 + included，也可直接修饰名词作定语。 例1：The team has 10 members, two coaches included.（这支队伍有 10 名成员，两名教练也包含在内。） ②作形容词时，可用于 “名词 + included” 的固定表达，强调范围。 例2：Breakfast is included in the room price.（房价包含早餐。） ① 作介词时，后接被包含的对象，位置可在整体名词之后（常用逗号隔开）或句首，结构为整体 + , including + 部分。 例1：The team has 10 members, including two coaches.（这支队伍有 10 名成员，包括两名教练。） 例2：Including all expenses, the total cost is 5,000 yuan.（包括所有开支，总费用为 5000 元。） ② 作现在分词时，可作前置 / 后置定语，表主动包含，逻辑主语为被修饰的名词。 例句：The report including detailed data was submitted yesterday.（包含详细数据的报告昨天已提交。） 练习巩固 一、单项选择题 1. ______ outdoor sports regularly can help us build up a strong body and keep a positive mood. A. Do B. Doing C. Done D. To doing 2. The doctor advised the patient ______ less junk food and drink more warm water every day. A. eat B. eating C. to eat D. eaten 3. The old photo ______ by my grandfather in 1980 shows the great changes of our hometown over the past decades. A. took B. taking C. to take D. taken 4. The little girl walked into the classroom quietly, ______ a bunch of flowers behind her back and smiling at her teacher. A. held B. holding C. to hold D. hold 5. She stayed up late for a whole week to prepare for the exam, only ______ that it had been postponed to next month. A. finding B. found C. to find D. find 6. The plan ______ at the meeting next Monday is expected to solve the traffic congestion problem in the downtown area. A. discussed B. being discussed C. to be discussed D. discussing 7. ______ with the heavy workload from both work and family, she felt exhausted and decided to take a short vacation. A. Facing B. Faced C. To face D. Face 8. I ______ the lights when I left the office yesterday, so the electricity bill this month may be much higher than usual. A. forget turning off B. forgot to turn off C. forget to turn off D. forgot turning off 9. When I passed the park, I saw some volunteers ______ trees along the path and they looked quite happy with their work. A. plant B. planting C. to plant D. planted 10. All the participants, ______ several experts from overseas, will gather at the conference hall at 9 a.m. tomorrow. A. included B. including C. to include D. include 11. ____all the preparations for the art exhibition, the organizers began to check the venue and test the equipment carefully. A. Having finished B. Finishing C. To finish D. Finished 12. After hearing the exciting news about her admission to the key university, the girl’s eyes were ______ with tears of joy. A. filling B. to fill C. filled D. fill 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. It is necessary for teenagers ______ (develop) a good habit of time management in their daily life. 2. The young man ______ (wait) at the school gate is my brother, who has come to pick me up after school. 3. ______ (inform) of the bad weather in advance, the travel agency changed the schedule of the mountain climbing activity. 4. The ancient building ______ (repair) last year has become one of the most popular tourist attractions in this city. 5. I regret ______ (tell) you that your application for the scholarship has not been approved due to insufficient materials. 6. The cook ______ (add) a little more salt to the soup to see if it would taste better, but it was still not delicious enough. 7. The heavy rain lasted for three days, ______ (cause) serious floods in several villages in the southern part of the province. 8. My biggest dream is ______ (become) a volunteer teacher and help children in remote areas receive better education. 9. The students are looking forward to ______ (attend) the science fair held by the city museum next weekend. 10. The package, postage ______ (include), will be delivered to your home within three working days. 【任务型阅读】 阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在文章后小题的空格里填入最恰当的内容，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1-10的相应位置上。 注意：第1-8小题，每空只填1个单词；第9-10小题词数不限。 Ludwig van Beethoven was one of the greatest composers of all time. He was born in 1770 in Bonn, Germany. When he was 4 years old, his father started teaching him to play the piano. Later, Beethoven took lessons from other teachers. He also learned to play the violin and the organ (管风琴) when he was very young. In 1787, when Beethoven was 17, he visited Vienna, Austria. There, he played for a famous musician named Mozart. Beethoven moved to Vienna in 1792 to study with another famous musician, Haydn. Beethoven lived in Vienna the rest of his life. Beethoven played music that other people had written. But he also liked to improvise (即兴创作). Beethoven would ask someone to play a few notes on a piano. Then he’d sit down and play those same few notes and add more. Soon, he would create a whole new tune. As a composer, Beethoven was a great talent. He liked to write, or compose, his own music. He heard music in his head. Then he wrote the songs down on paper. While writing, Beethoven played his songs on the piano to hear how they sounded. He would rewrite his music over and over. Finally, he would be pleased with his new music. Around 1798, Beethoven started going deaf. At first, he had trouble hearing people talk. Later, he couldn’t hear his own music. By 1820, Beethoven was totally deaf. Though he couldn’t hear, Beethoven kept playing music. He even kept composing! When Beethoven composed, he “heard” the tunes in his mind. Then he wrote them down. How did Beethoven hear music in his head? Softly sing aloud a song you know well, like Mary Had a Little Lamb. As you sing, you can hear the song with your ears. Now silently sing the same song to yourself in your mind. Can you hear how it sounds inside your head? Beethoven composed his most famous pieces of music after he was deaf. These pieces include Moonlight Sonata and his Symphony (《交响乐》) No.5 and Symphony No.9. His works connected the classical age of Western music to the later romantic age. A Famous Composer Introduction Beethoven was born in 1770 in Germany. He had a talent for music at a 1. age. 2. he moved to Vienna in 1792,he lived there the rest of his life. Learning3 . When he was young,Beethoven learned to play different 4. . In 1787 he had a chance to play for Mozart. Five years later,he learned music from Haydn. He created new tunes by 5 . more notes to others' music. Challenge of life Around 1798,Beethoven began to have 6. problems. By 1820,Beethoven was totally deaf. He kept composing music by hearing the tunes silently. Musical 7 . Moonlight Sonata,Symphony No. 5 and Symphony No. 9 are his most famous pieces of music. His works built a 8. . between the classical age of Western music and the later romantic age. Your opinion Besides Beethoven and Mozart,what other great composers do you know? 9. . In your opinion,what makes a good composer?A good composer should 10. 【首字母填空】 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。 The folk art form, kuaiban, has a long history. It can be performed by a group or a s person. With one or two pairs of bamboo clappers—a kind of t Chinese musical instruments in hands, the performers tell stories in the local dialect (方言). Recently, Liu Jiming and Wan Yifu made and shared three short videos by u kuaiban which were viewed about 4 million times. As a result, Liu and Wan gained more than 1 million followers on the Internet. They’ve c many new works to raise people’s awareness. Some of their works are about the danger of drunken driving and food s . They also write stories to show respect to who make contributions, such as traffic policemen. According to Liu and Wan, people can understand kuaiban pieces without d . The stories told in kuaiban pieces are close to people’s daily lives. Thus, they c that it is a fun way to introduce the Chinese folk culture through kuaiban. And what m to them is that both young people and old people begin to know the charm of the art form. Folk art forms, like xiangsheng, pingshu and kuaiban, share something in common. They all show the beauty and v of traditional Chinese culture, so they should be known by more people and get to more areas. Luckily, t the Internet, new performers who go on sharing kuaiban pieces, like Liu and Wan, are playing an active role. Hopefully, these Chinese folk art forms will be alive with the times. 答案 一、单项选择题 1-5：BCDBC 6-10：CBBBB 11-12：AC 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空答案 1-5：to develop；waiting；Having been informed；repaired；to tell 6-10：adding；causing；to become；attending；included 3、 任务型： 【小题1】young 【小题2】After 【小题3】experiences 【小题4】instruments 【小题5】adding 【小题6】 hearing 【小题7】achievements 【小题8】bridge 【小题9】Tan Dun.(合理即可) 【小题10】 have a talent in music/be creative/never give up when facing difficulty. 首字母：1. single 2. traditional 3. using 4. created 5. safety 6.difficulty 7. consider 8. matters 9. value 10. through ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $